Additionally, many drug companies will work with your doctor or health care provider to supply free medicines to those in need. लोगोसे, गोबां मुलि दोलोया जाय बेसेनगैयै मुलि नांनायफोरनो होनो नोंनि देहाफामगिरि एबा देहास्रि जोथोन जगायग्राजों मावगोन। Adolescence represents a window of opportunity to prepare for a healthy adult life. जौमोन बैसोया दिन्थियो मोनसे सुजुगनि खिरखि मोनसे देहागोनां बैसोगोरा जिवनि थाखाय थियारि खालामनो। Appropriate feeding practices stimulate bonding with the caregiver and psycho-social development. आहार जाहोनो थिगयै सोलोंनाया जोथोनहोगिरि आरो सायख-ससिएल जौगानाय जों नांथाबनायखौ थुलुंगाहोयो। As a further illustration of the importance of considering infection as well as diet in the interpretation of infant mortality rates, the findings of Martorell from Santa Maria Cauqué, Guatemala on the age-incidence of l illness are important. खुदियानि थैनाय अनजिमा हारफोरनि बेखेवनाय, सानथा मारिया काउकिउनिफ्राय मारथरेल मोन्नायफोराव, सनदेरनाय आरो खाजानि गोनांथिखौ एसे बांसिन बिदिन्थि सान्ना नायनाय बायदियै, खिलुनाय लोमजानायनि बैसो-जाथाय सायाव गुयाथेमालाफोरा गोनां। As adolescents have a low prevalence of infections such as pneumonia and gastroenteritis compared with younger children. जेब्ला जौमोन बैसोहा उनदै गथ’जों रुजुनायाव जेरैहाय निउमनिया आरो गेसथ्रथेरिथिस रोखोमै सनदेरनायनि गोसारनाया खम। As already emphasized in relation to mortality and morbidity, it is important to look separately at children in different age-ranges and not to group them all together. जेब्ला सिगाङावनो दाथिनानै बुंखाबाय थैनायनि अनजिमा आरो जब्रा अबसथानि सोमोन्दोयाव, बियो गथफोरखौ गुबुन गुबुन बैसो-फारियाव आलादायै नायनो आरो बिसोरखौ गासै ज’ दोलो खालामैया गोनां। As Jelliffe and Jelliffe have recently stated, sometimes a compulsive insistence on scientific investigation can delay proof of the obvious and thus impede the introduction of necessary preventive measures. जेब्ला जेल्लिफ आरो जेल्लिफा बावैसोनो फोरमायखाबाय, माब्लाबा माब्लाबा गोनोखोआरि नायबिजिरनाय सायाव ऐगारहायै नारसिन्नाया नुसारनायनि फोरमानखौ दोनथ’नो हायो आरो बिबदियै गोनां होबथाग्रा राहानि सिनायथिखौ हेंथा होयो। Assessment criteria may conveniently be discussed under four headings:, morbidity, growth, and finally, indices based on functional capacity. हिसाब बिजिरनायनि नेमा खाबु नायनानै मोनब्रै लिरबिदां मुंनि बायदियै सावरायलायजागोन: थैनायनि अनजिमा, जब्रा अबस्था, देरनाय, आरो जोबथारनायाव नाइखां फोरि। Both Mata in Costa Rica and Tomkins in Nigeria have shown that the duration of an infection is much longer in a malnourished, than in a well-nourished, individual, even though the number of episodes may have been very similar. खसथा रिखायाव माथा आरो निगेरियाव थमखिन्स मोन्नैयाबो दिन्थिबायदि गाहाम नरिस्थनिफ्राय मेल नरिस्थ सुबुंनाव सनदेरजानाय समा गोबाङैनो गोलावसिन जासेयावबो जाथायफारिनि अनजिमाया जोबोरै रोखोमसे जानो हागौमोन। Children have the right to a caring, protective environment and to nutritious food and basic health care to protect them from illness and promote growth and development. गथ’फोरहा एसे अन्नाय, खैफोद गैयै आबहावा आरो नीथ्रिसियास आदारनि आरो गुबै देहास्रि जोथोननि मोन्थाय दं, बिसोरखौ लोमजानायनिफ्राय रैखा आरो देरनो आरो दावगानो थुलुंगानो। Children who experience frequent episodes of acute , or have persistent , are more likely to become undernourished than children who experience fewer or shorter episodes of . खिलुनायनि ऐसे एबा खम जाथायफारि भुगिनाय गथफोरनिफ्राय जाय गथ’फोरा गोब्राब खिलुनायनि एबा खिलुबाय थाग्रा खनले-खनले जाथायफारि भुगियो, खम नरिस्थ जानायनि बांसिन जाथावथाव। Children who were severely wasted and stunted had very high rates, but moderate degrees of stunting did not carry any extra risk. जाय गथफोरा गोब्राबै मेंग्लिनाय आरो देरनो रोङैमोन, थैनायनि अनजिमाया जेबोद गोबां, नाथाय देरनो रोङैनि गेजेर जखाया जेबो बांद्राय बिबान गैयामोन। Consequently the threshold or cut-off point at which the extra risk is appreciable varies with age. जाउन महरै, जेराव थाखो एबा बाथ्रा दानसनाया बैसोजों हिसाबै बांद्राय बिबाना थोजासे। Deaths from are, in fact, usually associated with undernutrition. गमामायैनो, खिलुनायनिफ्राय थैनायफोरा निउथ्रिसन खमजों सारासनस्रायै गोरोबनाय। Demographers have developed techniques for converting this level of information into more conventional statements about infant and child mortality. सुबुं अनजिमा बिजिरग्राया खुदिया आरो गथ थैनायनि अनजिमानि सोमोन्दै बे फोरमायथिनि थाखोखौ गोबां गनायथिजानाय फोरमायनायफोर सिम सोलायनो थाखाय आरोंदायारिफोर जौगाबाय। is an important cause of undernutrition. खिलुनाया खम निउथ्रिसननि मोनसे गोनां जाहोन। is, in reality, as much a nutritional disease as one of fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and therapy is not adequate unless both aspects of the disease are treated. मोखथाङाव, खिलुनाया, मोनसे लावलाव आरो इलेकथ्रलाइथ समानथिगैयैनि मोनसे नीउथ्रिसोनेल बेराम ब्लाबो आरो बेरामनि फारनैबो नुथायफोरा फाहामजायागौमानि थेरेपिआ थोजासि नङा। Drug Prescription Assistance Programs provide free or low-cost medications to low-income individuals and families. मुलै प्रेसख्रिसन हेफाजाब हाबाफारिफेरा गाहाय-आरजिनाय सुबुं आरो नखर फोरनो बेसेन गैयै एबा गाहाय-बेसेन मुलै होनाय जगायो। During adolescence, nutritional problems originating earlier in life can potentially be corrected, in addition to addressing current ones. जौमोनबैसो समाव, सिगां जिवाव नीउथ्रिसनेल जेंना सोमजिनाया, लोगोयाव दानि आथिखाल सोमोनदो लानानै, गोहोयै फोसाबजाब जागोनय। During pregnancy the most relevant anthropometric measurement is the amount of weight gained during its course. गोरबोयाव थानाय समाव, बांसिन लोबबागोनां एनथ्रपमेथ्रिक जखाया, बेनि देरबोनाय समाव अजन बारायनायनि बिबां। Each episode of can cause weight loss and growth faltering. खिलुनायनि फोनफ्रामबो जाथाया अजन खमायनाय आरो देरनाय थाबथानाय सोमजिहोनो हायो। Feeding is a critical aspect of caring for infants and young children. आहार जाहोनाया, गथ’ आरो उन्दै गथ’फोरनो अन्नायनि मोनसे गोब्राब नुथायफोर। For a reliable check on incidence, observations really need to be made on the population sample at least every two weeks, and if the cause is also to be determined, this becomes a highly skilled and formidable undertaking. मोनसे फोथायजाथाव जाथाय सायाव आनजाद नायनो, सुबुं अनजिमा बिदिनथि सायाव खमैब्लाबो फोनफ्रामबो नै हाबथाव गोसो होनानै नायनाया थारै गोनां खानायथारनांगोन, आरो जाहोनखौबो थि खालामनोब्ला बे मोनसे गोबाङैनो आखा-फाखा आरो गिलुबालु बिबान। For most children, lack of access to food is not the only cause of malnutrition. गोबां गथफोरनि थाखाय, आदारखौ मोनजायैनि आंखालाल’ मेल नीउथ्रिसननि जाहोन नङा। For the United Kingdom the recommended amount is 12.5 kg (12), and it would be considered undesirable if the mean increment for a population fell below 10 kg. इउनाइटेट राइजोनि थाखाय बोसोन होनाय बिबाङा 12.5 kg(12), आरो सुबुं अनजिमानि गेजेर बारायनाया 10 kg गाहाय गोगलैयोब्ला बेखौ गाहामनङै गनायनाय जागोन। Free Medical/Dental Clinics provides you with information about free clinics. बेसेन गैयै मेदिकेल/हाथाय ख्लिनाकफोरा नोंखौ बेसेन गैयै ख्लिनाक सोमोन्दै फोरमायथिनायजों जगायो। From the earliest stages of fetal development, at birth, and through infancy, childhood, adolescence and on into adulthood, proper food and good nutrition are essential for survival, physical growth, mental development, performance, productivity, health and well-being. फिसाख देरबोनाय, जोनोम जानायाव, आरो खुदिया बैसो गेजेरजों, उन्दैसम, जौमोन बैसोनि सिगांसिन थासारिनिफ्राय, थांना थानो, देहायारि देरनाय, गोसोयारि जौगानाय, मावफुंनाय, दिहुनथायारि, देहास्रि आरो गाहामनि थाखाय आरजाथाव आदार आरो गाहाम नीउथ्रिसनफोरा गोनांथार। Hill-Burton facilities are hospitals and nursing homes that have received money from the federal government and now must provide a certain amount of free or reduced-cost health services every year to those who cannot pay. हिल-बारथन सुजुगफोरा देहाफाहामसालि आरो नारसिं न’फोर जायहा फेदारेल सरकारनिफ्राय रां मोनदों आरो दा जाय रां होनो हाया बेसोरनो बेसेन गैयै एबा खमायनाय-बेसेन देहास्रि सिबिनायनि एसे नंगुबै बिबां दान मोनफ्रामबो जगायथारनांगोन। However, in contrast to fluid replacement, nutritional management of requires good feeding practices both during the illness and between episodes of , when the child is not sick. जिखिजादोया, फ्लुइद बदलि जानायनि फाराक दिन्थिनायाव, जेब्ला गथया लोमजानाय नङा, लोमजानाय आरो खिलुनायनि जाथायफारिफेरनि गेजेर समाव मोन्नैबो खिलुनायनि नीउथ्रिसनेल सामलायनाया नांगौ गाहाम आहार जाहोनाय सर’। If a woman is malnourished during pregnancy, or if her child is malnourished during the first two years of life, the child's physical and mental growth and development may be slowed. गोरबोय़ाव थानाय समाव सासे आयजोया मेलनरिस्दब्ला, एबा बिनि गथया जिवनि गिबि नै दान समाव मेलनरिस्दब्ला, गथनि देहायारि आरो गोसोयारि दोरनाय आरो जौगानाया लासै जानो हागौ। If the decision is about the need for a feeding programme, then our ignorance about the causes and physiological significance of stunting is embarrassing. थिरांथाया, मोनसे आहार जाहोनाय हाबाफारिनि गोनांथिनि सामोन्दैब्ला, अब्ला देरनो रोङैनि जाहोन आरो सायकलजिकोल गोनांथि सोमोन्दै जोंनि नोजोर होयैया लाजिथावथाव। Improved feeding practices to prevent or treat malnutrition could save 800,000 lives per year. मेल नीउथ्रिसनखौ होबथानो एबा फाहामनो, आहार जाहोनाय सर’खौ हामसिन बानायनाया, बोसोरफ्रामबो 800,000 जिवफोर रैखा खालामनो हायो। Improved health outcomes in young children have long-lasting health effects throughout the life-span, including increased performance and productivity, and reduced risk of certain non-communicable diseases. लाइमोन गथनाव हामसिन देहास्रि जानायफोरहा गासै जिव-जोबजासिमनि गेजेराव गोबाव-जोरनाय देहास्रि जाउनफोर दं, लोगोसे बारायनाय मावफुंनाय आरो दिहुनथायारि, आरो फोरमायनो हाथावै खायसे बेरामफोरनि बिबान खमायनाय। In children who are undernourished as a result of inadequate feeding, previous l episodes, or both, acute l episodes are more severe. गथफोरनि गेजेराव, जायफोरा थोजासे आहार मोनजायै, सिगांनि खिलुनाय जाथायफारिफोर, एबा मोन्नैबो बाइदि फिथाइनि थाखाय खम नरिस्थ, गोब्राब खिलुनाय जाथायफारिफोरा बांसिन गोब्राब। In countries where kwashiorkor is the major form of protein-energy malnutrition, the measurement of plasma albumin is important, as is blood haemoglobin where there is anaemia. हादरफोरनि गेजेराव, जेराव कवाछिअराया मेल नीउथ्रिसननि प्रथिन गोहोनि गाहायसिन महर, जेराव बैयाव एनेमिया दं, प्लासमा एलबुमिननि जखाया, थै हेमग्लबिन जेरै गोनां। In general, the impact of on nutritional status is proportional to the number of days a child spends with each year. सारासनस्रायै, नीउथ्रिसनेल थासारि सायाव खिलुनायनि गोहोम खोख्लैनाया बोसोरफ्रामबो सासे गथ’या खिलुनायजों थाबायथानाय साननि अनजिमाजों समान रूजुथाय In general, these effects are proportional to the degree of undernutrition, being greatest when undernutrition is severe. सारासनस्रायै, बुरजासिन जानानै जेब्ला खमनीउथ्रिसनया गोब्राब, बेफोर गोहोम खोख्लैजानायफोरा खमनीउथ्रिसननि खलबजों समान रूजुथाय । In Guatemala, by contrast, the corresponding figure was only about 25 per cent. गुयाथेमालायाव, फाराक दिन्थिनानै, आरजाथाव महरा फ्राय 25 जौखोनदोल’ मोन। In hospitals where good management of dehydration is practised, virtually all mortality from is in undernourished children. जेराव दिहाइद्रेसननि गाहाम सामलायनाया  देहाफाहामसालियाव मावजायो, फ्रायै गासै खिलुनायनिफ्राय थैनायनि अनजिमाया, खम नरिस्थ गथ’नाव। In most populations the prevalence of wasting decreases after the first two years, while that of stunting increases. बांसिन सुबुं अनजिमाफोराव, गिबि नै बोसोरनि उनाव मेंग्लिनायनि गोसारनानै थानाया खमायबाय, जेब्ला बै देरनो रोङैनिया बारायबाय। In the Gambia, for example, McGregor has shown that prior to 1973, 50 per cent of rural children had died before the age of five years. गामबियायाव, जेरै, मेकग्रेगरया दिन्थिबायदि 1973नि गोनांसिन, 50 जौखोनदो गामिनि गथ’साया बा बोसोरफोरनि बैसो सिगांनो थैबाय। In the interpretation of mortality data it is obviously important to take into account the cause of death. थैनाय अनजिमानि बिथं बेखेवनायाव, बियो रोखा रोखायै थैनायनि जाहोनखौ गोगांसिन होन्ना सान्ना लानो। In the running of public health programmes there is always a danger of an overemphasis on and evaluation. सुबुं देहास्रि आफादफोर सालायनायाव बैयाव जेब्लायबो मोनसे हिसाब खालामनाय आरो बेसेन सुनाय सायाव बांद्राय दाथिनानै बुंनायनि खैफोद दं। In turn, undernutrition contributes to the problem of . फारि फारियै, खम नुउथ्रिसना खिलुनायनि जेंना फारसेयाव बिहोमा होयो। Internationally there is evidence of quite dramatic decreases in infant and pre-school mortality rates in recent years. बुहुमनाङै, बैयाव बावैसो बोसोरफोराव, खुदिया आरो सिगां-फरायसालि थैनाय अनजिमा हारफोराव गासै फावथायारि खमायनायनि फोरमान दं। Interpretation can be complicated by large swings in seasonal incidence, as observed in the Gambia, Nigeria, and Nepal. गामबिया, नाइगेरिया, आरो नेपालाव नायनाय बादियै, बिथं बेखेवनाया बोथोरारि जाथायाव गोबां सोलायनायनि दारै जेथोगोनां जानो हागौ। It is also a timely period to shape and consolidate healthy eating and lifestyle behaviours, thereby preventing or postponing the onset of nutrition-related chronic diseases in adulthood. महर होनो आरो गोहोगोनां जानाय आरो जिव खुंनायनि आसारखान्थि आखल आखु गोख्रों खालामनो बेबो मोनसे समजों गोरोबनाय मुगाल’, बेनि गेजेरजों बैसोगोरा समाव जागाय जेन्नाय नीउथ्रिसन-सोमोन्दोगोनां क्रनिख बेरामफोर होबथानानै एबा दोनथनानै । It is only fair to conclude that, although a reduction in morbidity, particularly from l disease, could be a very relevant indicator of the success of a maternal-child intervention. बेखौ बुंना फोजोबनाल’ गाहाम जागोन दि, जुनियायै खिलुनाय बेरामनिफ्राय जब्रा अबस्था जानायाव एसे खमायनायब्लाबो, सासे बिमारि-गथनि Malnourished children are, in turn, more vulnerable to disease and the vicious circle is established. मेलनरिस्थ गथ’फोरा, फारि फारियै, गोबां बेरमजों गाग्लोब जाथाव आरो गाज्रि बेंखना ओंखारलाङो। Malnutrition contributes to more than half of all childhood deaths, although it is rarely listed as the direct cause. मेलनीउथ्रिसना, बियो थोंजों जाहोन बायदि खमैसो फारिलाइ जानायब्लाबो, गासै गथ’ थैनायफोरनि खावसेनिफ्रायबो बांसिननो बिहोमा होयो। Measures of population dynamics are always more revealing than single assessments of mortality. गोख्रों सुबुं अनजिमाफोरनि राहाफोरा जेब्लायबो मोनसेल’ थैनाय अनजिमानि हिसाब बिजिरनायफोर निफ्राय बांसिन बुंफ्रोदनाय। More information is needed about the significance of growth deficits. बांसिन फोरमायथिनाया, देरबोनाय खमायलांनायनि गोनांथि सोमोन्दोयै नांगौ। More precise information can be obtained by measurements of growth velocity. बांसिन थि फेरमायथिनायखौ देरबोनाय खारथायनि सुनायफोरजों मोन्नो हायो। More than half of all child deaths are associated with malnutrition, which weakens the body's resistance to illness. गासै गथ’ थैनायफोरनि खावसेनिफ्राय बांसिनफोरा मेलनीउथ्रिसनजों गोरोबनाय, जाय लोमजानाय फारसे देहानि होबथानायखौ लोरबां खालायो। Moreover, if occurs frequently, there may be too little time to "catch up" on growth between episodes, the result being a flattening of the normal growth curve. बिनिअनगायैबो, खिलुनाया खनले खनलेयै जाबायथायोब्ला, जाथायफारिफोरनि गेजेराव देरबोनाय सायाव “सौहैनो” बैयाव जोबोद एसे सम दं जानो होगौ, Mortality is a very crude and extreme indicator of functional impairment. गोबाङै थैनाया मोनसे साफानङै आरो बाराद्राय मावनाय हानि खालाममायनि दिन्थिनाय। Mortality rate, particularly infant mortality rate, is one of the classical public-health indices, and the one-to-four-year age-group mortality rate has frequently been used in comparative international surveys as an index of the prevalence of undernutrition in different countries. जुनियायै खुदियानि गोबाङै थैनाय हारा मोनसे गाहामसिन सुबुं-देहास्रि नाइखां फारिनि गोबाङै थैनाय हार आरो गुबुन गुबुन हादरफोराव सेनिफ्राय ब्रै बोसोरसिम गोबाङै थैनाय हार बैसो-दोलोहा हादरनाङै रूजुयारि नायगिदिंनायाव मोनसे नाइखां फारि बायदियै खमगोनीउथ्रिसन जानायनि गोसारनाया गले गलेयै बाहायजाबाय। Mothers can be asked questions such as, "How many children have you had, how many are still alive, and at what ages did they die?" बिमाफोरा सोंलुनायफोर सोंजानो हायो जेरैहाय, “नोंहा साबैसे बुरजा गथ’ दंमोन, साबैसे बुरजाफोरा दाबोनो थांना दं, आरो मा बैसोफोराव बिसोर थैया?” Much has been written about the assessment of nutritional status in infants and young children by anthropometry. खुदियाफोरनाव नीथ्रिसनेल अब्सथानि हिसाब बिजिरनाय आरो एनथ्रपमेथ्रिजों लाइमोन गथ’ सोमोन्दै गोबाङै लिरजादोंमोन। National Organization for Rare Disorders patient assistance program offers free medication to people who otherwise cannot afford their medications. जाबाङै गुलाय गुजायफोर बेरामि हेफाजाब होग्रा हाबाफारिफोरनो हारियारि आफादा, सुबुंनो बेसेन गैयै मेदिखेसन होयो जाय गुबुन फारसेयै बिसोरनि मेदिखेसनफोरखौ बायनो हाया। Nutrition is a fundamental pillar of human life, health and development across the entire life span. नीउथ्रिसना, सुबुं जिव, देहास्रि,आरो दावगालांनायनि दुलाराय गुवार जिवनि फारसेथिं मोनसे गुदि खामफा। On the other hand, Mata in more recent studies in Costa Rica, has shown a very clear relationship between infant mortality rate and deaths from diarrhea. गुबुन फारसेथिं, बावैसो गोबां बिजिरनायाव माथाया कसथा रिखायाव, खुदिया थैनाय अनजिमानि हार आरो खिलुनायनिफ्राय थैनायफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे जोबोद रोखा सोमोन्दोथि दिन्थिबाय। One also needs detailed information about the age at death. In the context of this report it is especially relevant to examine the distribution of deaths during the first year of life. सासेनोबो थैनाय खाथि बैसेनि सोमोन्दै गुवारै बेखेवनानै फोरमायथिनाय नांगौ। बे खौरां होनायनि सोमोन्दो गोनां बाथ्रायाव, जिवनि गिबि बोसोर समाव बियो जुनियायै थैनायफोरनि बाहागो खालामनायखौ आनजाद नायनो लोब्बागोनां। Patients must meet financial and other program specific criteria to be eligible for assistance. बेरामिफोरा हेफाजाबनि थाखाय आरजाथाव जानो, रांखान्थियारि आरो गुबुन गुबै हाबाफारि नेम मोनथारनांगोन। Persistent is also more frequent and dysentery is more severe. खिलुनाय जाबायथानायाबो बांसिन गले गले आरो दिसेनथ्रिया बांसिन गोब्राब। Poor diet, frequent illness, and inadequate or inattentive care of young children can lead to malnutrition. लाइमोन गथनि खाजानि आंखाल, गले गले लोमजानाय, आरो थोजासे नङै एबा गोसो होयै जोथोना मेलनीउथ्रिसन फारसे दैदेन्नो हायो। Poor feeding practices and infection, or a combination of the two, are both major factors of malnutrition. Infection – particularly frequent or persistent , pneumonia, measles and malaria – undermines nutritional status. थोजासे नङै आहार जाहोनाय सर’फोर आरो सनदेरनाया, एबा मोन्नैनि दाजाबदेरनायफोरा मोन्नैबो मेलनीउथ्रिसननि गाहायसिन बाहागो. सनदेरनाया- जुनियायै गले गले एबा खिलुनाय जाबायथानाय, निउमनिया, मिसोल आरो मेलेरियाया- नीउथ्रिसनेल थासारिखौ लोरबां खालामो। Poor feeding practices, such as inadequate breastfeeding, offering the wrong foods, giving insufficient quantities, and not ensuring that the child gets enough food, contribute to malnutrition. थोजासे नङै आहार जाहोनाय सर’फोर, जेरैहाय थोजासे नङै गाइखेर जाहोनाय, होनाङै आदारफोर जाहोनाय, थोजासे नङै बिबांफोर होनाय, आरो गथयादि थोजासे आदार मोन्नायखौ रोखा खालामैया मेलनीउथ्रिसनखौ बिहोमा होयो। Research is desperately needed in which anthropometric change is quantitatively related, both to the health and well-being of the mother, as well as to the success of the pregnancy and the subsequent growth and development of the baby. नायबिजिरनाया गोनांथारै गांगौ, जायाव एनथ्रमेथ्रिक सोलायनाया, बिमानि देहास्रि आरो गाहामनि थाखाय मोन्नैबो बिबाङारिसोमोन्दो गोनां, बिनि अनगायैबो, गोरबोयाव थानानि आरो उनाव देरबोनाय आरो खुदियानि दावगानायाव उथ्रिनो। Since in some countries up to 50 per cent of pre-school children may be classified as stunted by the usual criteria (height-for-age less than 90 per cent of reference), it becomes extremely important to know more about the cause and significance of stunting. बै समनिफ्राय खायसे ओनसोलयारिफोराव 50 जौखोनदो सिम सिगां-फरायसोलिनि गथ’या सारासनस्रा नेम दारै(बैसोफोरनि गोजौथिया 90 जौखोनदो निफ्राय खम मुंखनायनि) देरनो रोङै बायदि थाखोयाव रानजानोहागोन, बे देरनो रोङैनि जाहोन आरो गोनांथि सोमोन्दै बांसिन मिथिनो बाराद्राय गोनां जाबोयो। Some states provide prescription drug assistance to women who are not covered by Medicaid. खायसे रायजोफोरा, आयजोनो, जायफोरा मेदिखेदजों रैखाथि हाजायखै, मुलै प्रेसख्रिसन हेफाजाब जगायो। Some workers look upon stunting as a successful adaptation to a shortage of food, although not successful enough for the child to overcome completely the changes in his environment. खायसे मावग्राफोरा जब्रा अबस्था सायाव एसे आदारनि आंखालजों मोनसे देरहायारि गोरोबनाय बायदि नायो, गथनि थाखाय बिनि आबहावायाव सोलायनायफोरखौ फुरायै देरहानोब्लाबो थोजासे देरहायारि नङा। States and eligible U.S. projects serve eligible patients up to and including age 18 years, providing routine immunizations with little to no out-of-pocket costs. हादोरफोर आरो आरजाथाव U.S. हाबाफारिफोरा मोनथाव बेरामिफोरखौ सिबियो 18 बोसोर बैसो लोगोसेयै आरो सिम, रां-गैयै बेसेनफेर नङैनि एसेलजों मावफारि इमिउनाइजेसनफोर जगायदों। The final event may be a particularly severe or prolonged episode of or, when severe undernutrition is present, another serious infection such as pneumonia. जोबथा जाथाया मोनसे जुनियायै गोसा एबा खिलुनायनि गोलाव जाथायफारि जानो हागौ एबा जेब्ला गोब्राब खम नीथ्रिसना थायो, गुबुन गोब्राब सनदेरनाय जेरैहाय निउमनिया। The most meaningful measurements are weight-for-height and thigh circumference. बयनिख्रुइबो ओंथिगोनां बिबांफोरा जौथायनि थाखाय गिलिर आरो फेन्दानि सिमा। The number of variables and the resources required, the approach is more suitable as a research tool than for the routine assessment of a public health programme. सोलाय सोलुफोरनि अनजिमा आरो बेसादफोर नांनाय, मोनसे सुबुं देहास्रि हाबाफारिनि मावफारि हिसाब बिजिरनायनिख्रुइ मोनसे नायबिजिरनायनि आइजें-आयला बायदि सौहैनाया बांसिन आरजाथाव। The PAHO survey in Latin America and the Caribbean showed than in most of the areas studied, about twice as many deaths occurred between one and six months as between six and twelve months. PAHO नायगिदिंनाय लेथिन आमेरिका आरो केरिबियानाव दिन्थिबाय बांसिन ओनसोलफोर बिजिरजानायफोर निफ्राय, से आरो द दानफोरनि गेजेराव जेरै द आरो जिनै दानफोरनि गेजेराव गोबां थैनायफोर जानाय बायदि फ्राय खेबनै। The peak morbidity occurs between six and twelve months, i.e. after the peak of mortality, suggesting that weanling is not the major cause of the high infant mortality. बांसिन जब्रा जानाय अबस्थाया द आरो जिनै दानफोरनि गेजेराव जायो, जेरै. गोबाङै थैनाय अनजिमानि उनाव, बोसोन होदों दि उइनलिं खिलुनाया गोबां खुदिया थैनाय अनजिमानि गाहायसिन जाहोन नङा। The reason we have to concern ourselves with assessment, however, is that resources are becoming increasingly limited, and it is necessary to know what we have achieved and what we have failed to achieve. जिखिजाया,हिसाब बिजिरनायजों जोंहा गावनिगावनो सान्नांगौ जाहोना बेनो बेसादफोरा गोबाङै सिमा गोनां जाबोगासिनो, आरो जोंहा मा मोनखो आरो जोंहा मा मोन्नो फेलें जाखो बियो मिथिनो गोनां। The relation between nutritional state and malaria is complex; both adversely affect total immune competence. नीउथ्रिसनेल थासारि आरो मेलेरिया गेजेराव सोमोन्दोया गोनो गोथो; मोन्नैबो बेरेखायै गासै इमिउन गोहोखौ गोहोम खोखलै। The risk of dying from an episode of persistent or dysentery is considerably increased when a child is already undernourished. खिलुनाय जाबायथानाय एबा दिसेनथ्रिनि मोनसे जाथायफारि निफ्राय थैनायनि बिबाना गोबाङै बारायो, जेब्ला सोसे खुदियाया सिगाङावनो खम नरिस्थखाबा। The usual cross-sectional approach is, however, relatively insensitive to change unless it is dramatic. सारासनस्रा दानथेजानाय दाबिनाया, जिखिजाया सोलायनो रूजुनानै नायोब्ला अनगारि  जेब्लासिम बियो फावथायारि जाया। There are nutritional issues, which are adolescent-specific, and which call for specific strategies and approaches. बैयाव नीथ्रिसनेल जेंनाफोर दं, जायफोरा जौमोन बैसो-गुबै, आरो जाय गुबै आदब खायदा आरो लामाफोर दाबियो।। There is an additional reason for this in anthropometric assessment. बे एनथ्रपमेथ्रिक हिसाब बिजिरनायनि थाखाय बैयाव मोनसे दाजाबदेरनाय जाहोन दं। There is no use in having an indicator unless it is useful for making decisions. बैयाव मोनसे दिन्थिग्रा थानायबाबो जेबो मुलामफा गैया,जेब्लासिम बियो थिरांथाफोर लानायनि थाखाय मुलामफा जाया। They lead to improved nutrition and physical growth, reduced susceptibility to common childhood infections and better resistance to cope with them. बिसोर हामसिन नीथ्रिसन आरो देहायारि जौगानाय , उनदैसमाव सनदेरनायफोर जाबाय थानायनि  अनखांनाय खमायनाय आरो बिसोरजों मोगा मोगि जानो साबसिन होबथानायखौ दिन्थियो। This cannot be made up when the child is older – it will affect the child for the rest of his or her life. जेब्ला गथया देरो, बिखौ बानायहैनो हानाय नङा, बियो गथखौ बिनि जिवनि उनफोरावबो गोहोम खोखलैबाय थागोन। This is because nutrient requirements are increased during , as during other infectious diseases, whereas nutrient intake and absorption are usually decreased. मानोना बियो खिलुनाय समाव नीउथ्रिएन्थ नांनायफोरा बाङो, जेरै गुबुन सनदेरग्रा बेरामफोरनि समाव, गुबुन फारसेथिं नीउथ्रिएन्थ लानाय आरो सोबखांना लानायफोरा सारासमस्रायै खमायनाय। This naturally requires longitudinal measures, but the advantage is that quite small samples can give meaningful results. बियो सारासनस्रायै द्राघिमा हांखो राहाफोरखौ नांगौ, नाथाय गोसै फिसा बिदिन्थिफोरनि सुजुगा दि ओंथिगोनां फिथायफोर होनो हायो। Thus, and undernutrition combine to form a vicious circle which, if it is not broken, can eventually result in death. बिनिखायनो, खिलुनाय आरो खम नीथ्रिसन गोरोबनाया मोनसे गाज्रि बेंखन ओंखारलाङो, जायखौ बेयो आलादा खालाय जायाब्ला जोबनायाव थैनायाबो सोमजिहैनो हायो। To be realistic, however, it will be some time before there are completely reliable statistics for most developing countries, but even quite simple retrospective studies on relatively small samples can be valuable. जिखिजाया, मोकथाङरि जानो, बांसिन जौगाबोनाय हादरफोरनि थाखाय फुरायै सोनारजाथाव स्थेथिसथिक्सफोरा बैयाव बेयो एसे सम सिगां जागोन, नाथाय फिसा बिदिन्थिफोरनि रूजुनानै नायनाय सायाव गोदोनि सोमोन्दै गासै गोरलै बिजिरनायफोर ब्लाबो बेसेनगोनां जानो हायो। To get an accurate estimate of the incidence and severity of diseases that may be related to nutritional state is obviously difficult; l disease is the condition that has received most attention in so far as the young child is concerned. बेरामिफोरनि जाथाय आरो गोब्राबथिनि मोनसे गोरोनथि गैयै हिसाब मोन्नो थाखाय जाय नीउथ्रिसनेल थासारिजों सोमोन्दो गोनां जानो हानाया रोखा रोखायै गोब्राब; जेसेबां गोजान्नाव लाइमोन खुदियाया सानजानो गोनां, खिलुनाय बेरामा थासारि जायहा बांसिन नोजोर मोनबाय। To safeguard the nutritional health of women during their reproductive age, it is important to consider pre-pregnant status as well as that during pregnancy and lactation. आयजोनि, बिसोर जोनोम होनो हानाय बैसो समाव नीउथ्रिसनेल देहास्रि रैखाथि होनो, बियो सिगां-गोरबोयाव थानाय थासारि बिनि अनगायैबो बै गोरबोयाव थानाय आरो गाइखेर जाहोनाय समाव गोथौवै सान्नाया गोनां। Vaccines for Children Program helps families by providing free vaccines to doctors who serve eligible children and is administered at the national level by the CDC. देहाफाहामगिरिफोरनो, जाय मोनथाव गथखौ सहायो, गथ’नि हाबाफारिनिथाखाय भेकचिनफोरा नखरफोरखौ बेसेन गैयै भेकचिनफोर जगायनानै हेफाजाबफोर होयो, आरो CDCजों हारियारि थाखोयाव सालाय जायो। We also need to know not only the frequency of episodes of infection but also their duration, which is an important indicator of severity. सनदेरनायनि जाथायफारिफेरनि गले गले जानायखौल’ नङा नाथाय बिसोरनि समखौबो जों मिथिनो नांगोन, जाया गोब्राबथिनि मोनसे गोनां दिन्थिग्रा। Whatever the reason, it does emphasize that mortality as an indicator of nutritional status can be a very blunt instrument without additional knowledge concerning specific causes. जेखि जाहोन जाया, नीथ्रिसनेल थासारिनि मोनसे दिन्थिग्रा बायदियै बेनो दिन्थियोदि थैनाय अनजिमाया, गुबै जाहोनफोर सोमोन्दै उफ्रा रोंगौथि गैयाब्लानो, मोनसे जोबोद बुथुवा आयजें जानो हायो। When this is done, and undernutrition is either prevented or corrected, the risk of death from a future episode of is greatly reduced. जेब्ला बियो जाखाङो, आरो खम नीथ्रिसना होबथाजागोन एबा फोसाबजागोन, खिलुनायनि मोनसे इयुन जाथायफारि निफ्राय थैनायनि बिबाना गोबाङैनो खम जायो। You may apply for Hill-Burton assistance at any time before or after you receive care by simply asking for Hill-Burton assistance. नों हिल-बारथननि हेफाजाबनि थाखाय जेखि समाव नों जोथोन मोन्नायनि सिगां एबा उनाव गोरलैयै सोंनायजों हिल-बारथननि हेफाजाबनि थाखाय खावलायनो हागोन। 100% immunization coverage against measles is the programme goal. मिसलेसनि हेंथायै 100 जौखोनदो मावफुं हानायानो जादों हाबाफारि थांखि। 13-month calendar, corresponding to the 13 Facts for Life messages, makes life-saving information easily available to everyone. जिउ गियानफोरनि सोमोनदै मोन 13 जाहोनफोर फोरमायथिग्रा 13-दान केलेनदारा साफ्रोमनोबो जिउ रैखानि गियानखौ गोरलैयै मोननो हानाय खालामो। 40% of both mothers and children in Maharashtra, India are chronically undernourished, and under-five mortality occurs at 58 deaths per 1000 live births, or 1 in every 17 children. भारतनि महारात्रनि बिमा आरो गथ’फोरनि 40 जौखोनदोया जोबोरैनो मोजां जोथोन मोनै आरो बा बोसोर बैसो सिङाव मोनफ्रोम 1000 जिव जोनोमफोरनि मादाव 58 थैथाय नुजायो एबा मोनफ्रोम 17 सा गथ’फोरनि मादाव सासे थैयो। A very large number of these deaths are caused by dehydration from diarrhoea, the most easily preventable cause of childhood mortality. बेफोर थैथायफोरनि बांसिन बिबाङानो गथ’फोर थैथायखौ जोबोर गोरलैयै होबथानो हानाय जाहोन, खिसावनाय बेरामनिफ्राय जानाय दिहाइद्रेसोननिफ्राय जायो। About 50 per cent of all childhood deaths are attributed to malnutrition. गासै गथ’फोर थैनायनि 50 जौखोनदोफ्रामानो मेलिनउत्रिसननि थाखाय जायो। Additionally, they will receive a 2-sided spoon to correctly measure salt and sugar. उफेरायै, बिसोर सुंख्रै आरो सिनिखौ थियै जखा लानो मोननै जिं गोनां सामुस आजावगोन। Additionally, we will target the urgent need for separate toilets for boys and girls, together with a hand-washing facility in every school in Maharashtra. उफेरायै, जों महारासत्रनि गंफ्रोमबो फरायसालियाव आखाय-सुनाय खाबुजों लोगोसे हौवासा आरो हिनजावसाफोरनि थाखाय आलादा-आलादा खिखरसालिफोरनि हरखाब गोनांथिनि सायाव थांखि लागोन। Adolescence represents a window of opportunity to prepare for a healthy adult life. लाइमोनफोरा बैसोगोरा गोगो जिउ थियारि खालामनाय गियाननि मोनसे आसा दिनथिगोन। After the diarrhoea ceases, more than the usual amount of food should b given for a short period. खिसावनाय जाथायफोरनि उनाव खम समनि थाखाय सरासनस्रा आदार बिबांनि खावसेनिबो बारा आदारखौ होनांगौ। Anaemia affects 74 per cent of children under the age of three, more than 90 per cent of adolescent girls and 50 per cent of women. एनेमिया बेरामा थाम बोसोर बैसोनि सिं गथ’फोरनि 74 जौखोनदो, लाइमोन हिनजावसाफोरनि 90 जौखोनदोनिबो बारा आरो 50 जौखोनदो आइजोफोरखौ गोहोम खोखलैयो। Appropriate feeding practices stimulate bonding with the caregiver and psycho-social development. थि आदार जाहोनाय हुदाफोरा जोथोनगिरि आरो साइक-ससिएल जौगानायजों सोमोनदो गोनां। Appropriate locally available foods (cereals) should be offered as soon as the appetite returns. खहाबनाया गिदिंबोफिननाय लोगो-लोगो जायगायारियै थोजासेयै मोननो हानाय आदारफोरखौ जाहोनांगौ। Around one-third of all adult women are underweight. गासै बैसोगोरा आइजोफोरनि थामनि से बाहागोफ्रामानो खम लिरथाय गोनां। As adolescents have a low prevalence of infections such as pneumonia and gastroenteritis compared with younger children. मानोना उनदै गथ’फोरनि रुजुनायाव लाइमोनफोरहा निउमनिया आरो गेसत्रएतेरितिस बायदि सनदेरथिफोरनि खम गोसारथि दं। Behaviour change techniques, including social marketing, community mobilization, motivational interviewing, communication, and education, to increase awareness of the link between contaminated water and disease. मैला दै आरो बेरामनि गेजेराव थानाय सोमोनदोनि सांग्रांथिखौ बांहोनो समाजारि हाथाय, माहारियारि फोसावदिंनाय, थुलुंगायारि मोगा-मोगि, सोमोनदो, आरो सोलोंथायखौ सरजाबफानानै आखल सोलायनाय आदबफोर। But is this feasible? Packets of oral rehydration salts (ORS) are not universally available and the simpler sugar-salt solution can have dangerous effects if it is improperly mixed or administered. नाथाय बेयो मावथावना नंगौना? अरेल रिहाइद्रेसन सल्तफोरा(अ,आर.एस) सरासनस्रायै थोजासे नङा आरो सा-साज्रां सिन-सुख्रै गलायथिहा मोजाङै गलायाब्ला एबा होनाय जायाब्ला खैफोद गोनां जाउनफोर थानो हागौ। Cereal-based ORT can overcome both of these disadvantages by providing yet another option for oral rehydration therapy. सिरिल गोनां ए.आर.तिया अरेल रिहाइद्रेसन थेरापिनि थाखाय गुबुन मोनसेबाव राहा जगायनानै बेफोर मोननैबो जेंनाफोरखौ बोखारनो हायो। Children have the right to a caring, protective environment and to nutritious food and basic health care to protect them from illness and promote growth and development. गथ’फोरहा लोमजानायनिफ्राय बारगनो आरो देरनाय आरो जौगानायखौ जाफुं होनायनि गुबै जोथोन, रैखाथि गोनां आबहावा आरो पुसति गोनां आदार आरो गुदि देहा जोथोननि मोनथाय दं। Children in 0-3 age group and from disadvantaged groups not served adequately by existing ICDS. 0-3 बोसोर बैसोनि हानजा आरो खाबुगोयै हानजाफोरनि गथ’फोरा सोलिबाय थानाय आइ.सि.दि.एसजों नांगौ बादियै आबार लाजाया। Chronic disease compared with ageing people, they have generally been given little health and nutrition attention, except for reproductive health concerns. बैसोगोरा मानसिफोरनि रुजुनायाव क्रनिक बेराम, सरासनस्रायै बिसोर देहा आरो निउत्रिसन गोनांथि होजाया, जोनोम होफिनथाय देहा जेंनाफोरनि अनगा। Complementary feeding means giving foods in addition to breastmilk. कमप्लिमेनतारि आदार जाहोनायनि ओंथिया जादों आबु गाइखेरजों लोगोसे उफेरा आदार जाहोनाय। Correct the confusion created by years of mixed messages regarding measurement of the ingredients in rehydration solutions. रिहाइद्रेसन गलायथियाव मुवाफोर जखा लानायनि सोमोनदै गोबां बोसोरनिफ्राय सोलिबोबाय थानाय गलाय-गथाय खौरांजों सोमजि होजानाय गोनो-गोथोखौ रोखा खालाम। Define and Promote Home-Made Solutions--define clear definitions for home-made solutions (tea, rice water with extra rice, etc.) दिफाइन एन्द प्रमत हम-मेद सलुसोनफोरा नयाव बानायनाय गलायमोनदेरथिफरिनि सायाव रोखा बुंफुरथिफोर बेखेवथि होयो (उफेरा ओंखामजों लोगोसे साहा, ओंखाम दै, बायदि बायदि)। Depending on their feeding status, children should receive breast-milk or diluted milk feeds. गावसोरनि आदार जानाय मानथाखोनि सायाव सोनारनानै, गथ’फोरा आबु गाइखेर एबा गलायनाय गाइखेर आदारफोरखौ आजावनांगौ। Disinfect soiled water with this free and easy technique using solar radiation. सलार रेदिएसोन बाहायनानै बे उदां आरो गोरलै आदबजों हा-दैखौ(soiled water) जिउसा गोयै खालाम। During adolescence, nutritional problems originating earlier in life can potentially be corrected, in addition to addressing current ones. लाइमोन समाव, उनदै बैसो समाव नुजानाय निउत्रिसनेल जेंनाफोरखौ हाथावनायै फोसाबनो हायो, बोहैथि समनि जेंनाफोरखौ सिनायथि होनायनि सोलाय। Encourage and contribute to developing the necessary partnership between the state of Maharashtra and the Government of India’s programmes to establish toilet facilities in all schools. गासै फरायसालिफोराव खिखरसालि खाबुफोर गायसननो महारासत्र हादोरसा आरो भारत सोरखारनि हाबाफारिनि गेजेराव मोनसे गोनां जौगालु पार्तनारसिपनि सायाव थुलुंगा आरो हेफाजाब हो। Encouraged about the importance of providing colostrum within the first half hour after birth, and advised about other questions they may have about their newborn or postpartum period. जोनोमनि उनाव गिबि खावसे घनतानि गेजेराव गाइखेर गोरलै (colostrum) होनायनि गोनांथि सोमोनदै थुलुंगा हो, आरो बिसोरनि उजिगोदान एबा आजायउन (postpartum) समनि सोमोनदै बिसोरहा थानो हाथाव गुबुन सोंलुफोरनि सोमोनदै बोसोन हो। Experience shows that food should not be withheld from infants and children with acute diarrhoea. रोंमोनदांथिया दिनथियोदि आदारखौ जोबोरै खिसावनायजों भुगिनाय खुदिया आरो गथफोरनिफ्राय बोखार नाङा। Feeding is a critical aspect of caring for infants and young children. आदार जाहोनाया खुदिया आरो उनदै गथफोरखौ जोथोन लानायनि मोनसे गोब्राब बिथिं। For most children, lack of access to food is not the only cause of malnutrition. बांसिन गथफोरनि थाखाय, आदार राहानि आंखालाल’ मेलनीउत्रिसननि जाहोन नङा। For the preparation of ORS solution the safest water should be used. अ.आर.एस गलायथिखौ थियारि खालामनो थाखाय, रैखाथिसिन दैखौ बाहाय नांगौ। Girls are more at risk of malnutrition than boys because of their lower social status. हिनजावसाफोरा बिसोरनि गाहाय समाजारि मानथाखोनि थाखाय हौवासाफोरनिख्रुइ मेलनीउत्रिसनाव बांसिन खैफोद गोनां। Health workers will be trained to use these practices, and will convey the techniques to mothers. देहा मावथिफोरखौ बेफोर हुदाफोरखौ बाहायनो फोरोंनाय जागोन, आरो आदबफोरखौ बिमाफोरनो फोरमायगोन। If a woman is malnourished during pregnancy, or if her child is malnourished during the first two years of life, the child's physical and mental growth and development may be slowed. गोरबो-थानाय समाव सासे आयजोया मेलनेरिसब्ला, एबा बिनि गथआ जिउनि गिबि से-नै बोसोरनि समाव मेलनेरिसब्ला, गथनि देहा आरो मेलेम देरनाय आरो जौगानाया लासै जानो हागौ। If mothers could recognize and treat dehydration early on at home, the great majority of children would not need additional medical care. सिगाङावनो नयाव बिमाफोरा रानखांनायखौ(dehydration) सिनायनो आरो जोथोन लानो हायोब्ला, गथफोरनि गोबांनो उफेरा मेदिकेल जोथोन गोनां जानाय नङा। If nutritional intake is inadequate, the consequences persist throughout life. नीउथ्रिसनेल आजावनाया थोजासे जायाब्ला, जाउनफोरा जिउनाङैनो सोलिलांबाय थागोन। If this is not possible, maximum efforts should continue towards this end and, in the meantime, as complete a formulation as possibly should be used, recognizing its limitations. बेयो मावथावना नङाब्ला, जोबनाय फारसे साबसिन हामसिन नाजानायफोरा सोलिबाय थानांगोन, आरो बेजों लोगोसे, बेनि सिमनाफोरखौ सिनायथिनानै हानायबादियै मोनसे आबुं फरमुलाया बाहायजानांगोन। Improved feeding practices to prevent or treat malnutrition could save 800,000 lives per year. मेलनिउत्रिसोन होबथानो एबा आबार खालामनो जौगासार (improved) आदार जाहोनाय हुदाफोरा बोसोरफ्रोमबो 800,000 जिउ रैखा खालामनो हायो। Improved health outcomes in young children have long-lasting health effects throughout the life-span, including increased performance and productivity, and reduced risk of certain non-communicable diseases. उनदै गथ’फोरनि जौगासार देहा फिथाइफोराहा(outcomes) जिउनाङैनो जोरथायगोनां देहा जाउनफोर थायो, बांनाय मावथाय आरो दिहुनथाय, आरो खायसे सनदेरै बेरामफोरनि खमायनाय खैफोदफोरखौ सरजाबफानानै। In cases of dehydration, should be offered as soon as initial rehydration therapy has been completed. दिहाइद्रेसोन जाथायफोराव, थाबैनो फोजोबनो हानाय रिहाइद्रेसोन थेरापि होनांगौ। In India, around 46 per cent of all children below the age of three are too small for their age, 47 per cent are underweight and at least 16 per cent are wasted. भारताव, थाम बोसोर बैसोनि सिं गथ’फोरनि 46 जौखोनदोया गावसोरनि बैसोनि रुजुनायाव फिसा जानानै थायो, 47 जौखोनदोया खमलिरथाय गोनां जायो आरो 16 जौखोनदोफ्रामा उदायै जानानै थायो। Inadequate care of women and girls, especially during pregnancy, results in low-birth weight babies. गुबैयै गोरबो थानाय समाव, आइजो आरो हिनजावसाफोरनि थोजासे नङै जोथोना खम लिरथाय-गथ’फोर जोनोम जा होयो। Increased fluids and Preparation of home-made and packaged solutions. लाव-आदार आरो नायाव बानायनाय आदार थियारि खालामनाय पेकेत गलायथिफोरखौ बांहो। Infection – particularly frequent or persistent diarrhoea, pneumonia, measles and malaria – undermines nutritional status. गुबैयै खनले खनले एबा गले गले जानाय खिसावनाय, निउमनिया, मिसलेस आरो मेलेरिया सनदेरनाया नित्रिसनेल मानथाखोखौ लोरबां खालामो(undermine)। Intended to target mothers’ confusion and lack of understanding about how to recognize, assess the degree of, and treat diarrhoeal dehydration. खिसावनायारि दिहाइद्रेसोनखौ सिनायनाय, दिग्रिखौ नायसंनाय आरो आबार लानांनायनि सोमोनदै थानाय बिमानि गोनो-गोथो आरो बुजिनायनि आंखालखौ बोखारनो थांखि ला। Iodine deficiency, which reduces learning capacity by up to 13 per cent, is widespread because fewer than half of all households use iodised salt. सोलोंनो हानाय हाथिखौ 13 जौखोनदोसिम खमायनाय आइयदिन आंखाला गोसारफबनानै दं मानोना गासै नखरनि खावसेनिबो खम नखरा आइयदिन गोनां सुंख्रै बाहायो। It is also a timely period to shape and consolidate healthy eating and lifestyle behaviours, thereby preventing or postponing the onset of nutrition-related chronic diseases in adulthood. देहा गोनां आदार जानाय आरो जिउ खुंनाय हुदाफोरखौ समजों लोगोसे दानानै लानाय आरो साबसिन खालामनानै लानायाबो मावखानांगौ खामानि जाय बैसो गोरा समाव निउत्रिसोनजों सोमोनदो गोनां क्रनिक बेरामफोर जानायखौ होबथायो आरो बोखारो। Lack of clear policy focus on areas with greatest levels of malnutrition. मेलनिउत्रिसन बांसिन बिबां गोनां ओनसोलफोराव रोखा मावथांखिनि आंखाल दं। Malnourished children are less likely to perform well in school and more likely to grow into malnourished adults, at greater risk of disease and early death. नोरजिया गथ’फोरा फरायसालियाव खमै मोजां मावफुंनो हायो आरो बेराम आरो आगुयै थैनायनि खैफोदजों नोरजिया बैसोगोरा सुबुं महरै देरहैनो हागौ। Malnourished children are, in turn, more vulnerable to disease and the vicious circle is established. गोबां समाव नोरजिया गथ’फोरा बेरामाव जोबोरै गागलोबजाथाव आरो भिसियास सारकोला नुजायो। Malnutrition can result from suboptimal breastfeeding practices, poor quality complementary foods, detrimental feeding practices, and contamination of complementary food and feeding utensils. मेलनिउत्रिसना साबअपतिमेल आबु जाहोनाय हुदाफोर, गाज्रि गुन गोनां उफेरा आदारफोर, हानिगोनां आदार जाहोनाय हुदाफोर आरो बिसगोनां उफेरा आदार आरो आदार जाहोनाय आइजेंफोरनिफ्राय जानो हागौ। Malnutrition contributes to more than half of all childhood deaths, although it is rarely listed as the direct cause. मेलनिउत्रिसना गासै गथ’फोर थैनायनि खावसेनिबो बाराखौ सोमजिहोयो, नाथाय बेयो थोंजों जाहोन महरै जोबोर खमैसो फारिलाय खालामजायो। Malnutrition in children is not affected by food intake alone. गथ’फोरनि मेलनिउत्रिसना आदार आजावनायजोंल गोहोम खोखलैजाया। Malnutrition in early childhood has serious, long-term consequences because it impedes motor, sensory, cognitive, social and emotional development. उनदै समाव, मेलनिउत्रिसनहा गोब्राब, गोलाव सम जाउनफोर थायो मानोना बेयो मतर, मोनदां-गोहो, बुजि-गोहो, समाजारि आरो आबेगारि जौगानायखौ सामलायो। Malnutrition is also influenced by access to health services, quality of care for the child and pregnant mother as well as good hygiene practices. मेलनिउत्रिसना देहा आबारफोरनि राहा, गथ आरो गोरबो थानाय बिमानि थाखाय गुन गोनां जोथोन लोगोसेयावनो मोजां गोगो(hygine) हुदाफोरजोंबो गोहोम खोखलै जायो। Malnutrition is more common in India than in Sub-Saharan Africa. मेलनिउत्रिसना दालाय-साहारान आफ्रिकानिख्रुइ भारताव बांसिन सरासनस्रा। Malnutrition limits development and the capacity to learn. मेलनिउत्रिसना जौगानाय आरो सोलोंनायनि हाथिखौ खमायो। More than half of all child deaths are associated with malnutrition, which weakens the body's resistance to illness. गासै गथ’फोर थैनायनि खावसेनिबो बारायानो मेलनिउत्रिसनजों सोमोनदो गोनां, जाय लोमजानायनि देहा होबथा गोहोखौ लोरबां खालामो। Mothers will be provided with training for breastfeeding from the nurse or midwife. बिमाफोरनो जोथोनगिरि एबा गथ’ गोनां हिनजावनिफ्राय आबु जाहोनायनि सोमोनदै फोरोंथाय होनाय जागोन। Mothers will be taught the crucial need for immediate fluid replacement, increased fluids and food, how to correctly prepare home-made and packaged ORS, cereal-based ORS, when and why to use it, and continuous feeding, including breastfeeding. बिमाफोरखौ आबु गाइखेर दौनायखौ सरजाबफानानै हरखाब दैलाव आदार सोलायनांनाय, बांनाय दैलाव आदार आरो आदार जोबोर गोनांथि, नयाव-बानायनाय आदार आरो पेकेत अ.आर.एसखौ माबोरै मोजाङै थियारि खालामनांगौ, सिरेल गोनां अ.आर.एसखौ माब्ला आरो मानो बाहायनांगौ, बेफोरनि सोमोनदै फोरोंनाय जागोन। Mothers will receive a plastic one-litre bottle, with a label about how to recognize signs and degrees of dehydration, how to prepare home fluids for rehydration, and how to mix and prepare home-made and packaged ORS. माबोरै दिहाइद्रेसननि लोइखोन आरो बिबांफोरखौ सिनायनांगौ, रिहाइद्रेसोननि थाखाय माबोरै ननि दैलाव आदार थियारि खालामनांगौ, नयाव बानायनाय आरो पेकेत अ,आर.एसखौ माबोरै थियारि खालामनांगौ, बायदिनि सोमोनदै फोरमायथि बिलाय गोनां (label)मोनसे से-लितार बथ’ल बिमाफोरा आजावगोन। Nearly 30 per cent of all newborns have a low birth weight, making them vulnerable to further malnutrition and disease. गासै जोनोम जागोदानफोरनि 30 जौखोनदोफ्रामानो खम जोनोम लिरथाय गोनां, जाय बिसोरखौ बांसिन मेलनिउत्रिसन आरो बेरामाव गागलोब जाथाव खालामो। No claim for originality of the programmes is made by HETV. हाबाफारिफोरनि गुबैथिनि थाखाय एद्स.इ.ति.भिजों जेबो दाबि खालाम जाया। One in every three malnourished children in the world lives in India. बुहुमनि साथाम नोरजिया गथ’फोरनि मादाव सासेया भारत हादोराव दं। Oral rehydration therapy, if properly practiced, can cut infant and child mortality rates by at least half and obviate the need for countless millions of costly visits to hospitals, health centres, and clinics in all countries. मोजाङै हुदा खालामोब्ला अरेल रिहाइद्रेसना खुदिया आरो गथ’ थैनाय हारखौ खावसेफ्राम खमायनो हायो आरो गासै हादोर नाङै सानख’ हायै मिलियन रां खरसा गोनां देहाफाहामसालि, देहा मिरु आरो क्लिनकफोराव थांनांगौखौ खमायनो हागोन। ORS packets should be available in adequate supply at this level and throughout the entire health system. अ.आर.एस थफ्लाफोरा बे थाखोयाव आरो गासै देहा बिखानथिनाङैनो थोजासे जगान (supply) थानांगौ। Point-of-use treatment of contaminated water using sodium hypochlorite solution purchased locally and produced in the community from water and salt using an electrolytic cell. जायगायारियै बायनाय आरो दैनिफ्राय समाजाव दिहुनजानाय सदियाम हाइपक्लराइत सलुसोन आरो इलेकत्रलितिक सेल सुंख्रै बाहायनानै मैला गोनां दैनि फोसाबनाय जायगा। Poor diet, frequent illness, and inadequate or inattentive care of young children can lead to malnutrition. गाज्रि आदार जानाय, गले गले लोमजानाय आरो थोजासे नङै एबा सासाज्राङै उनदै गथ’फोरखौ जोथोन लानाया मेलनिउत्रिसनखौ दैदेननो हागौ। Poor feeding practices and infection, or a combination of the two, are both major factors of malnutrition. गाज्रि आदार जाहोनाय हुदा आरो सनदेरनाया, एबा मोननैनिबो जथायथियानो मेलनिउत्रिसननि गाहाय जाहोन। Poor feeding practices, such as inadequate breastfeeding, offering the wrong foods, giving insufficient quantities, and not ensuring that the child gets enough food, contribute to malnutrition. गाज्रि आदार जाहोनाय हुदा, जेरै बादि थोजासे नङै आबु जाहोनाय, गोरोनथि आदार होनाय, थोजासे नङै बिबां होनाय आरो गथ’या थोजासे आदार मोननायनि सायाव रोखा नङैया मेलनिउत्रिसनखौ हेफाजाब होयो। Prevent deaths from diarrhoea and decrease child susceptibility to diarrhoea after episodes by educating all health-care providers and mothers about zinc supplementation. जिंक साप्लिमेनतेसोननि सोमोनदै गासै-देहा जोथोन लागिरि आरो बिमाफोरनो सोलोंथाय होनाय समफोरनि उनाव खिसावनायनिफ्राय थैनायफोरखौ होबथा आरो खिसावनाय बेरामाव भुगिहैथावना गथ’फोरनि हारखौ खमाय। Programmes will be supplemented and supported by booklets, leaflets, posters and informational guides in Marathi and English, and made freely available at health worker stations, hospitals, schools, and more. हाबाफारिफोरा माराथि आरो इंराजियाव फोसाव बिजाब, फोसाव बिलाइ, पसतार खौरांयारि बिथोनफोरजों हेफाजाब होजागोन, आरो देहा जोथोन थिलि, देहा फाहामसालि, फरायसालि बायदिफोराव थोजासे मोननो हानाय खालामनाय जागोन। Promote the habit of washing hands with soap and water to decrease episodes of diarrhoea. खिसावनाय बेरामनि समफोरखौ खमायनो साबोन आरो दैजों आखाय सुनायनि हुदाखौ फोसावदिं(promote)। Promote the practice of providing colostrum to the child within the first half hour after birth, exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of a child’s life. जोनोम जानायनि गिबि खावसे घनतानि गेजेराव गथ’नो गाइखेर गोरलै होनाय, सासे गथ’नि जिवनि गिबि द दाननि समाव साबसिन हामसिन(exclusive) आबु जाहोनायनि हुदाखौ फोसावदिं (promote)। Protect against diseases through the promotion of clear guidelines about proper feeding practices and the benefits of immunity. साबसिन आदार जाहोनाय हुदाफोर आरो होबथागोहोनि(immunity) मुलामफाफोरनि सोमोनदै रोखा बोसोनफोर फोसावदिंनायनि(promotion) गेजेरजों बेरामफोरखौ होबथा। Reduce incidence of diarrhoea by promoting measles vaccination within the first year of a child’s life. गथ’नि जिउनि गिबि बोसोरनि गेजेराव सिसलेस भेकसिनेसन फोसावदिंनानै(promoting) खिसावनाय बेरामनि जाथायखौ खमाय। Safe Water Storage in plastic containers with a narrow mouth, lid, and a spigot to prevent recontamination. फिन बिसगोनां जानायखौ होबथानो गुसेब खुगा, खफा आरो मुथेग्रा गोनां प्लासतिक दोफोराव दै बुथुमथिखौ रैखाथि खालाम। Safe Water Systems are water quality interventions that employ simple, inexpensive and robust technologies appropriate for the developing world. दै रैखाथि बिखानथिफोरा जादों दैखौ गुनगोनां खालामनाय आगानफोर जाय जौगाफु बुहुमनि थाखाय गोरोबथाव साधारन, खम खरसागोनां आरो गोख्रों तेकनलजिफोरखौ बाहायो। Skilled attendance during pregnancy, childbirth and the immediate postpartum period. गोरबो थानाय, गथ’-जोनोम आरो हरखाब पस्तपारताम समाव रोंगुननि गोनांथि दं। Solar radiation process of filling transparent containers with water, and exposing them to full sunlight for about five hours, destroys pathogens in the water. खाबुगोनां दोफोरखौ दैजों आबुं खालामनायनि सलार रेदिएसोन बिखानथि, आरो बेफोरखौ बा घनताफ्राम आबुं सान सोराङाव दिहुनना दोननाया दैयाव थानाय पेथजेनफोरखौ फोजोबस्राङो। The benefits of safe water, and to influence hygiene behaviours including the purchase and proper use of the water storage vessel and disinfectant. रैखाथि गोनां दैनि मुलामफाफोर, आरो दोनथुमनाय भेसेल आरो आरो सनदेरै दै बायनाय आरो बाहायनायखौ सरजाबफानानै गोगो आखुफोर गोहोम खोखलैनाय। The first-level health worker, a community health worker who has a crucial role to play in disseminating knowledge and skills for the management of diarrhoea, as regards the use of both home remedies and ORS. ननि फाहाम राहाफोर आरो अ.आर.एसफोर बाहायथिजों सोमोनदो लाखिनानै गिबि-थाखोनि देहा मावथि, समाजारि देहा मावथि जाय खिसावनाय बेराम सामलायथिनि थाखाय गियान आरो रोंगुनफोर होनायाव गोख्रों बिफाव लायो। The Indian government has launched a focused campaign to increase the households in the country that have toilets by 2010. भारत सोरखारा 2010 माइथायसिम हादोराव खिखरसालि गोनां नखरफोर बां होनायनि मोनसे थांखि गोनां फोसावथि जागायजेनबाय। The objective is to make water safe through disinfection and safe storage at the point of use. थांखिया जादों बाहायनाय बिथिङाव सनदेरथि गोयै आरो रैखाथिगोनां दोनथुमनायनि गेजेरजों दैखौ रैखाथि गोनां खालामनाय। The prevalence of malnutrition varies across states, with Madhya Pradesh recording the highest rate (55 per cent) and Kerala among the lowest (27 per cent). मेलनउत्रिसननि गोसारथिया हादोरसा नाङै आलादा आलादा जायो, मध्य प्रदेसा बांसिन हार गोनां(55 जौखोनदो) आरो केरेलाया खमसिनफोरनि गेजेराव दं (27 जौखोनदो)। The routine use of any special infant formula (lactose-free products) for diarrhoea cases should be strongly discouraged as they are only rarely necessary and are costly. खिसावनाय जाथायफोरनि थाखाय जेबो जरखा खुदिया फरमुलानि समफारि बाहायनाया गोख्रोङै बिथोन होजायै जानांगौ मानोना बेफोर नेहाद गोनांथि गोनां आरो बेसेन गोसा। The second half of an infant's first year is an especially vulnerable time because infants are learning to eat and must be fed soft foods frequently and patiently. खुदियानि गिबि बोसोरनि नैथि खावसे समा गुबैयै गागलोबजाथाव सम मानोना खुदियाफोरा जानो थाखाय सोलोंजेनो आरो गले-गलेयै आरो धर्जयै गुरै आदारफोर जाहोनांगौ। There are nutritional issues, which are adolescent-specific, and which call for specific -strategies and approaches. बेवहाय निउत्रिसनेल जेंनाफोर दं जायफोरा बैसोगोरा-लोबबा गोनां आरो जायफोरा थि आदबफोर आरो राहाफोरखौ गोनांथि होयो। They lead to improved nutrition and physical growth, reduced susceptibility to common childhood infections and better resistance to cope with them. बिसोर साबसिन निउत्रिसन आरो देहायारि जौगानाय, सरासनस्रा गथ’ सनदेरथिफोर गागलोबजाथावनाखौ खमायनाय आरो बेफोरजों जुजिनो हानाय साबसिन होबथा गोहोफोरखौ दैदेनो। This cannot be made up when the child is older – it will affect the child for the rest of his or her life. जेब्ला गथ’या देरहैयो बेखौ आबुं खालाम हैनो हाया- बेयो गथ’खौ बिनि आद्रा थानाय जिवखौ गोहोम खोलैगोन। Through focused and integrated campaigns, and through partnerships with local manufacturers, we will increase availability of zinc supplements. थांखिगोनां आरो खौसेथि फोसावदिंनाय आरो जायगायारि दिहुनथायगिरिफोरजों खौसेथिनि गेजेरजों, जों जिंक साप्लिमेन्तफोरनि बिबांखौ बांहोगोन। To ensure the sufficient availability of soap, partnerships with local manufacturers will be used to promote this practice. थोजासे बिबांनि साबोनखौ जाफुंहोनो, बे हुदाखौ फोसावनो जायगायारि दिहुनथायगिरिफोरजों खौसेथिफोरखौ बाहायनाय जागोन। Treat soiled water and prevent the spread of disease by promoting the practice of boiling water and the usage of chlorine, iodine, or even household bleach, to conduct home water disinfection. हानि दैखौ जोथोन ला आरो दै गोदौ होनायनि हुदाखौ फोसावनानै बेरामनि गोसारथिखौ होबथा आरो ननि दैखौ सनदेरथि गोयै खालामनो क्लराइन, आइअदिन,एबा नखरारि ब्लिसबो बाहाय। Vitamin A deficiency, which causes blindness and increases morbidity and mortality among pre-schoolers, also remains a public-health problem. भितामिन A आंखाल, जाय खाना जाहोयो आरो आगु-फरायसालियाव थांगिरिफोरनि गेजेराव morbidity आरो थैनायखौ बांहोयो, लोगोसे सुबुंफोरनि देहा जेंनाबो सोमजि होयो। Vitamin and mineral deficiencies also affect children’s survival and development. भितामिन आरो मिनारेल आंखालफोरा गथ’फोरनि थांनाथानाय आरो जौगानायखौबो गोहोम खोखलैयो। We acknowledge our gratitude to the many people and sources whose work has been drawn freely upon. जों जोंनि साबायखरखौ गोबां सुबुंफोर आरो फुंखाफोरनो बावसोमो जायफोरनि खामानिखौ उदाङै खामानियाव बाहायनाय जादों। When potassium is a missing ingredient, patients should be encouraged to drink fluids that are rich in potassium (fruit juices). पसतासियामा मोनसे गोमानाय गुदि मुवा जेला, बेरामिफोरखौ गोबां बिबांनि पसतासियाम गोनां दैलाव खाजाफोर लोंनो थुलुंगा होनांगौ (फिथाइ रोसिफोर)। While only 41% of mothers in Maharashtra can correctly identify symptoms suggesting a child needs medical treatment for dehydration, 77% take a child with diarrhoea to a health facility. महारासत्रयाव 41 जौखोनदो बिमाफोराल’ दिहाइद्रेसोननि थाखाय गथ’नो मेदिकेल सिकितसानि गोनांथि फोरमायग्रा लोइखोनफोरखौ रोखायै सिनायनो हायो, गुबुन फारसे 77 जौखोनदोया खिसावनाय बेराम जानाय गथ’खौ देहा फाहामसालिसिम लानानै थाङो। With appropriate complementary feeding from six months and continued breastfeeding for two years or beyond, with supplementation of vitamin A and other micronutrients are needed. द दाननिफ्राय थि उफेरा आदार जाहोनाय आरो भितामि A साप्लिमेनतेसोन आरो गुबुन माइक्र निउत्रिनफोरजों नै बोसोर एबा बेनि बांसिन समसिम आबु जाहोबाय थानाया गोनांथि। A child that functions according to the equivalent modus only, doesn’t experience a difference between reality and fantasy. समानफ्राम नेमखानथि (modus) बादियैल’ हाबा मावनाय सासे गथ’या सैथोथि आरो नंखायनि गेजेराव थानाय फारगाथिखौ मोनदाङा। A child’s development of self-regulating mechanisms and ability to mentalise (which, when taken together are called Interpersonal Interpretative Function, IIF) are dependent on their “early attachment relation”. सासे खुदियानि गाव-सामलायथि मावराहाफोरनि जौगानाय आरो मेलेम बाहायनायनि हाथिया (जायखौ, जेब्ला मोननैखौबो लाफानाय जायो इनतारपारसनेल इनतारप्रेतेतिभ फांसोन आइ.आइ.एफ बुंनाय जायो) बिसोरनि आगु खाथि सोमोनदोनि सायाव सोनारो। A modified version has been introduced for birth parents, which is currently being tested in a small group. मोनसे सोदांजानाय भारसनखौ(version) जोनोम होनाय बिमा-बिफाफोरनि थाखाय थिसननाय जादों, जायखौ आथिखालाव मोनसे फिसा हानजायाव आनजाद खालामबाय थानाय जादों। According to the developers the goal of the project is to develop a theory- and evidence-based intervention protocol that can be used in a partnership between professionals trained in scientifically based attachment procedures. जौगाहोगिरिफोरनि बादिब्ला प्रजेक्तनि थांखिया जादों मोनसे थिउरि आरो फोरमान गोनां माव-आगान प्रतकल जौगा होनाय जायखौ गोनोखोयारियै खाथि सोमोनदो गोनां बिखानथिफोराव फोरोंजानाय प्रफेसनेलफोरनि गेजेराव खौसेयै बाहायनो हायो। Although attachment theory has become a major scientific theory of socioemotional development with one of the broadest, deepest research lines in modern psychology. थेवब्लाबो गोदान गोसोबिगियाननि मोनसे गुवारसिन, गोथौसिन रिसार्स बिथिंजों एतासमेन्त थिउरिया समाजआबेगारि (socieoemotional) जौगानायनि मोनसे गाहाय गोनोखोयारि थिउरि जाबाय। Although such interventions share some approaches, treatment methods can be quite different from each other. बेफोरबादि मावआगानफोरा खायसे राहाफोर होलायोब्लाबो, सिकितसानि आदबफोरा साफ्रोमबोनि थाखाय थारै आलादा आलादा जायो। An important concept is “the ability to mentalise”. मोनसे गोनां सानदांथिया जादों (concept) “मेलेम बाहायनाय हाथि”। An overwhelming flow of anxiety for instance can cause the child to fall back in to an equivalent modus of operating. बिदिनथि महरै बांद्राय उसु-खुथु जानाया गथ’खौ सालायनायनि मोनसे एखे नेमखानथियाव खोखलैहोफिननो हागौ। As this ‘mentalization process’ develops the child functions in the pretend modus and is capable of using symbolic representations. मानोना बे ‘मेनतेलाइजेसोन बिखानथिया’ गथ’नि खामानिफोरखौ खालामफ्लानाय नेमखान्थियाव जौगा होयो आरो नेरसोनारि फोरमायथिफोर बाहायनो हानाय गुन दं। Attachment theory has, until recently, been less clinically applied than theories with far less empirical support. बावैसोसिम एतासमेन्त थिउरिया जोबोर खम एमपेरिकेल हेफाजाबजों थिउरिफोरनिख्रुइ खम क्लिनिकयारियै बाहायजाबाय। Attachment theory may be partly due to lack of attention paid to clinical application by Bowl by himself and partly due to broader meanings of the word 'attachment' used amongst practitioners. जानो हागौ एतासमेन्त थिउरिनि क्लिनिकेल बाहायथियाव बौलबिया गोसो होनायनि आंखालनि थाखाय जादों आरो खावसेया प्रेकतिसनारफोरनि गेजेराव बाहायजानाय ‘एतासमेन्त’ सोदोबनि गुवार ओंथिफोरनि थाखाय जादों। Based on findings that foster children's attachments are disproportionately likely to be disorganized and foster mothers with an unresolved or dismissing state of mind were likely to have children with disorganized attachments. सोनार जानाय जाउनफोरा जाय गथ’फोरनि एतासमेन्तफोरखौ खाङो (foster), जानो हागौ बेजखायै बेले-बेजे खालाम जायो आरो गुलाय गुजाय एबा नेवसिनाय गोसोनि थासारिजों खांगिरि बिमाफोरा जानो हागौ बेले-बेजे एतासमेन्तफोर गोनां गथ’फोर मोनोमोन। Caregiver and child behaviors are assessed before and after intervention, as is the child regulation of neuroendocrine function. जोथोनगिरि आरो गथ’ आखलफोरखौ माव आगाननि सिगां आरो उनाव नायसंनाय जायो, निउरएनदक्राइन खामानिनि गथ’ नेमखानथिखौ खालामनाय बादियै। Caregivers learn, understand and then practice observational and inferential skills regarding their children's attachment behaviors and their own caregiving responses. जोथोनगिरिफोरा सोलोङो, बुजियो आरो बेनि उनाव गावसोरनि गथ’फोरनि एतासमेन्त आखुफोर आरो गावसोरनि असे जोथोन होनाय बिबानफोरनि सायाव नोजोरारि आरो आनदाजारि रोंगुनफोरखौ सरसा खालामो (practice)। Children experiencing frightening conditions have a limited range of responses and often 'dissociate' as a way of coping. गिहोनाय थासारिफोरखौ रोंमोनदांनाय गथ’फोरहा खम बिबांनि जाउनफोर थायो आरो गोबां-समाव रैखाथिनि राहा महरै एखुथायै थायो। Circle of Security is being field tested within the 'Head Start'/'Early Head Start' programme in the USA. आमेरिकायाव ‘हेद स्तार्त’/‘आरलि हेद स्तार्त’ हाबाफारिनि सिङाव रैखाथिनि मिरुखौ गुवारै आनजाद नायनाय जादों। During the therapy sessions the parent expresses his or her thoughts and feelings which are based on a combination of factors including. थेरापि खालामनाय समफोराव बिमा-बिफाया गावनि सानस्रि आरो मोनदांथिफोरखौ फोरमायो जायफोरा जाहोनफोरनि जथायथिनि सायाव सोनारो। Five sessions per week are a combination of talk and play. मोनफ्रोम सफथानि मोनबा फालिथायफोरा जादों रायलायनाय आरो गेलेनायनि मोनसे जथायथि। For these reasons, readers should take special care to consider definitions of terms in this article. बेफोर जाहोनफोरनि थाखाय बे लिरबिदाङाव सोदोबफोरनि बुंफुरथिफोरखौ सानना नायनो फरायगिरिफोरा जरखा जोथोन लानो नांगौ। Foster cares tend to respond 'in kind' to infants behavior. खांनाय जोथोनफोरा खुदियानि आखलाव “अन्नायजों” गोरोबफानो नांगौ । Foster children often show an atypical production of the stress hormone cortisol. माखासे समाव खांजानाय गथ’फोरा नारसिनथाय हरमन करतिसलनि सरासनस्रा नङै दिहुनथायफोर दिनथियो। Half the infants are assigned to the Developmental Education for Families programme as a comparison intervention. खावसे खुदियाफोरखौ रुजुथायारि माव-आगान महरै देभलपमेनतेल इदुकेसोन फर फेमेलिस हाबाफारियाव बाहागो खालामनाय जादों। Here it is important that the child goes through their own feelings and recognize them forming them into mental representations. बेवहाय बेयो गोनांथिदि गथ’या गावसोरनि असे मोनदांथिफोरनि गेजेरजों सोलियो आरो मेलेम representationफोराव बेफोरखौ महर होनानै बेफोरखौ सिनायो। Here the main goal is to direct and focus the attention of the child to the inner world (feelings, thoughts, wishes and impulses). बेवहाय गुबै थांखिया जादों इसिङारि संसाराव गथ’नि गोसोखौ दिथाहोनाय(direct) आरो नोजोरहोहोनाय (मोनदांथि, सानस्रि, हासथायनाय आरो थुलुंगाफोर)। If children are at a very young age an adapted psychoanalytic technique maybe necessary. गथ’फोरा जोबोर खम बैसोब्ला मोनसे आरजाथाव साइकएनालाइतिकेल आदबा गोनांथि जानो हागौ। If foster infants behave in an avoidant or resistant manner, foster cares may act as if the infant does not need them. खांजानाय खुदियाफोरा नेवसिनाय एबा होबथानाय आखलजों आखु दिनथियोब्ला, खांनाय जोथोनफोरा एरैबादि आखु दिनथिनो हायो जेन खुदियानो बेफोरखौ गोनांथि जाया। If the normal course of secure attachment between parent and infant is disrupted, parent-infant psychotherapy is one technique that can be used to restore this bond. बिमा-बिफा आरो खुदियानि गेजेराव थानाय रैखाथिगोनां सोमोनदोनि मोजां बुब्लिया सिफाय जायोब्ला, बिमा बिफा-खुदिया साइकथेरापिया मोनसे आदब जायखौ बे सोमोनदोखौ लाबोफिननो बाहायनो हायो। In affect regulation the often diffuse affects of the child within the therapeutic relation are explored. गोहोम खोखलैजानाय नेमखानथियाव थेरापिउतिक सोमोन्दो सिंङाव गथ’नि नाख्रेबजानायनि गले गले फोसावजानायफोरा संजाबाय। In some cases parent-infant psychotherapy is a possibility. खायसे जाथायफोराव बिमा बिफा-खुदिया साइकथेरापिया जाथावना। Infants in foster care are often dysregulated at physiological, behavioral and emotional levels. गोबां समाव खांनाय जोथोनाव खुदियाफोरा साइक’ल’जिकेल, आखुयारि आरो आबेगयारि थाखोफोराव मोजां खालामजाया। Infants in foster care often experience threatening conditions. गोबां समाव खांनाय जोथोनाव खुदियाफोरा गिनांनाय थासारिफोर मोनदाङो। Infants in foster care often fail to elicit nurturance. गोबां समाव खांनाय जोथोनाव खुदियाफोरा आबारखौ दिनथिनो(elicit) फेलें जायो। Intervention programme aims to provide specialized help for foster carers in recognition of the fact that a young child placed in foster care has to deal with the loss of attachment figures at a time when maintaining contact with attachment figures is vital. माव-आगान हाबाफारिया थांखियो थाखाय हामसिन हेफाजाब जगायनो खांनाय जोथोनगिरिफोरनि थाखाय Intervention programme is essentially a training programme for surrogate caregivers. माव-आगान हाबाफारिया गोनांथियै सारगेत जोथोनगिरिफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे फोरोंथाय हाबाफारि। Intervention programme targets key issues: providing nurturance for infants when the carers are not comfortable providing nurturance, overriding tendencies to respond in kind to infant behaviors and providing a predictable interpersonal environment. माव-आगान हाबाफारिया गाहाय बिथिंफोरखौ (issues) थांखि लायो : जोथोनगिरिफोरा आबार खालामनो आराम मोनै समाव खुदियाफोरनो आबार जगायनाय, खुदिया आखुफोराव अननाय गोसो जाहोनायनि सायाव गोनांथि होनाय आरो आनदाजखालामथाव गावइसिङारि थासारि जगायनाय। Interventions are based on improving thinking about mental conditions and mental processes. माव-आगानफोरा मेलेम थासारि आरो मेलेम बिखानथिफोरनि सोमोनदै जौगालु साननायनि सायाव सोनारो। It is not established whether this is significant for increased risk for later disorders, but very low or very high levels are associated with types of psychopathology in adults. बेयो उन बेलेबेजेफोरनि थाखाय बांनाय खैफोदाव ओंथिगोनां नंगौना नङा गायसन जायाखै, नाथाय बैसोगोराफोरनाव जोबोर खम एबा जोबोर बांसिन बिबांफोरा साइकपेथलजि रोखोमफोरजों थाफायो। It is reported that preliminary results of data analysis of 75 dyads suggest a significant shift from disordered to ordered patterns, and increases in classifications of secure attachment. बेखौ फोरमानथिनाय जादोंदि 75 दियादफोरनि तथ्य नायबिजिरनायनि गुदि जाउनफोरा गाज्रिनिफ्राय मोजां दाथायफोरसिम मोनसे ओंथिगोनां जायगा सोलायनायखौ फोरमायो, आरो रैखाथि गोनां सोमोनदोनि थाखोरानथायफोरखौ बां होयो। It is stated that it is explicitly based on contemporary attachment and congruent developmental theories. बेखौ फोरमायनाय जादोंदि बेयो रोखायै समब्रा-समब्रि सोमोनदो आरो गोरोबथाव जौगालु थिउरिफोरनि सायाव सोनारो। MBKT addresses problems with an infant’s ability to distinguish reality and fantasy. MBKTया खुदियानि सैथो आरो नंखायखौ सिनायनो हानाय गुनजों लोगोसे जेंनाफोरखौ सिनायथियो। MBKT can be qualified as an intensive form of therapy with two to five sessions per week. MBKTखौ सफताफ्रोमबो नैनिफ्राय बा खेब फालिथायफोरजों लोगोसे मोनसे साबसिन थेरापि महरै गुन गोनां खालामनो हायो। MBKT helps lower the risk for psychopathological developments of the child in the future. MBKTया इउनाव गथ’नि साइक’पेथ’ल’जिकेल जौगानायफोरनि खैफोदखौ खमायनो हेफाजाब होयो। MBKT technique helps the parent to resolve issues with his or her own infancy-experiences in order to restore secure attachment with the infant. खुदियाजों रैखाथि गोनां सोमोनदोखौ लाबोफिननो थाखाय MBKT आदबा बिमा-बिफाखौ बिनि गावनि खुदिया-रोंमोनदांथिफोरजों जेंनाफोरखौ सुस्रांनो हेफाजाब होयो। Mental health interventions for children vary with respect to the problem being addressed and to the age and other individual characteristics of the child. गथ’फोरनि थाखाय मेलेम देहा मावआगानफोरा सिनायथिजानाय जेंना आरो बैसो आरो गथ’नि गुबुन गावयारि आखुफोरजों रोखोम रोखोम जायो। Mentaliseren Bevorderende Kinder Therapie is translated as “therapy for children enhancing their ability to mentalise”. मेनतेलाइजरेन बेभरदेरेनदे किनदार थेरापिया “गथ’फोरनि मेलेमबाहायनाय हाथिखौ बांहोनाय थेरापि” महरै राव सोलाय जादों। Mentalization is a conscious as well as an unconscious process which enables people to see that actions and thoughts of themselves and others are motivated by internal thoughts, intentions and attitudes. मेनतेलाइजेसनया हुसगोनां लोगोसे हुसगोयै मोनसे बिखानथिबो जाय मानसिफोरखौ गावसोरनि खामानि आरो सानस्रिफोरखौ नुहोनो हायो आरो गुबुनफोरा इसिङारि सानस्रि, लुबैनाय आरो गोसो-अबस्थाफोरजों थुलुंगा होजायो। Mentalizing is accomplished when two developmental concepts can be integrated. मेनतेलाइजिंया जाफुंसारो जेब्ला मोननै जौगानाय सानखांथिफोरखौ खौसेथि खालामनो हायो। One of the functions of parents is to protect children from real or perceived dangers. बिमा-बिफाफोरनि खामानिफोरनि मोनसे खामानिया मोखथां एबा मोनदांनाय खैफोदफोरनिफ्राय गथ’फोर रैखा खालामनाय। Other components which are crucial in the development of the child and also mainly dependent on the quality of the attachment to the parent are “attention regulation” and “affect regulation”. गथ’नि जौगानायाव गोनांथार आरो गुबैयै बिमा-बिफाजों सोमोनदो लाखिनायनि गुननि सायाव सोनारनाय गुबुन गुदि मुवाफोरा जादों “गोसो होनाय नेम” आरो “गोहोम नेम”। Parent-Infant Psychotherapy addresses problems with normal relationships between parent and child. बिमा बिफा-खुदिया साइक’थेरापिया बिमा बिफा आरो गथ’नि मोजां सोमोनदोफोरजों जेंनाफोरखौ सिनायथियो। Possible evidence for this may be the disproportionate number of disorganized attachment patterns in foster children. बेनि थाखाय जाथावना फोरमाना जानो हागौ खांजानाय गथ’फोरनि गोबां बिबांनि फोसाब जायै सोमोनदो दाथायफोर। Prime examples are threats contingent upon behavior to have the child removed or taken away. गाहायसिन बिदिन्थिफोरा जादों जानोहाथाव आखल सायाव सिगिनायफोर जाय खुदियाया गैया खालामजानांगौ एबा जानगार खालायजानांगौ। Providing nurturance when it does not come naturally. जोथोन जगायनाय जेब्ला बेयो सरासनस्रायै नुजाफैया। Sessions are videotaped for feedback and for fidelity. फालिथायफोरखौ बोसोन आरो फोथायथिनिथाखाय भिदिअतेप खालामनाय जायो। Specifically, the equivalent modus and the pretend modus. गुबैयै, एखे मावखानथि आरो खालामफ्लानाय मावखानथि। Terms describing child treatments may vary from one part of the world to another, with particular differences in the use of the terms "psychotherapy" and "psychoanalysis". “साइक’थेरापि” आरो साइक’एनालिइसिस सोदोबफोर बाहायनायनि जुनिया फारागथिफोरजों, गथ’ सिकितसाफोरखौ फोरमायथिग्रा सोदोबफोरा बुहुमनि मोनसे जायगानिफ्राय गुबुन मोनसे जायगासिम आलादा आलादा जायो। The ability to mentalise is the capability of seeing one’s self or other people’s behaviour in terms of assumed mental conditions. मेलेम बाहायनो हानाय गोहोया थार मेलेम थासारिफोरनि बिथिङाव गावनि एबा गुबुन मानसिफोरनि आखुखौ सिनायथि हाहोनाय। The aim is to reduce threatening behavior among foster parents by helping them understand the impact on the child. थांखिया जादों गथ’नि गोहोमखौ बुजिनो हेफाजाब होनानै खांनाय बिमा-बिफाफोरनि गेजेराव गिनांनाय आखुखौ खमायनाय। The aim of the protocol is to present these ideas to the parents in a ‘userfriendly’, common-sense fashion that they can understand both cognitively and emotionally. प्रतकलनि थांखिया बे सानस्रिखौ बिमा-बिफानो ‘इउजारफ्रेन्दलि’, साधारन-घियान फावयाव दिन्थिनो दि मोननैबो सानगोहोयै आरो आबेगारियै बिसोर बुजिनो हायो। The child isn’t aware of the reality level when he’s pretending. गथ’या मोखथाङारि थाखोयाव सांग्रां जाया जेब्ला बियो खालामफ्लाबाय थायो। The childs attachment pattern is classified using either Ainsworth or the PAC (Preschool Attachment Classification System). एइन्सवर्त(Ainsworth) एबा पि.ए.सिखौ (प्रिस्कुल एतासमेन्त क्लासिफिकेसन सिसतेम) बाहायनानै गथ’नि एतासमेन्त दाथायखौ बाहागो खालामनाय जायो। The developers themselves point out that they do not test for caregiver commitment although they state this may or may not be a critical omission as they consider caregiver commitment to be a crucial variable in terms of child outcomes. जेरै बिसोर जोथोनहोगिरिन बाथ्रा होनायखौ खुदिया फिथायफोरनि बेलायाव मोनसे खैफोदगोनां सोलायसलु गनायना, जौगाखांगिरिफोरा गावसोरनो गाव दिन्थिना होबाय दि बिसोर बेयो मोनसे गोब्राब दायगोनां एबा गैयै बुंब्लाबो बिसोर जोथोनहोगिरिनि बाथ्रा होनायखौ आनजाद नाया। The goal here is to help foster parents follow the child lead and become more responsive social partners. बेवहाय थांखिया खांग्रा बिमा बिफाफोरखौ गथ’ दैदेननायखौ फालिनो आरो जोबोर साग्रां समाजारि लोगोरिफोर जानो हेफाजाब होनाय। The goal is to help foster parents provide nurturing care even if they are non-autonomous with regard to their own attachment status. थांखिया खांग्रा बिमा बिफाफोरखौ खांनाय जोथोन होनोबो हेफाजाब होनाय जुदि बिसोर गावसोरिनि असे सोमोनदो मानथाखो सोमोनदै गाव खुंथाय जाया। The goal is to train foster carers to act in a nurturing manner even in the absence of cues from the infant. थांखिया खुदियानिफ्राय इसाराफोर नुजायैयाव खांग्रा जोथोनगिरिफोरखौ खांनाय आखुयै मावफुंनोबो फोरोंनाय। The interpretation of Dozier et al is that foster children have difficulty organizing their attachment systems unless they have nurturing foster cares. दजियारनि फोरमायथि बादिब्ला खांजानाय गथ’फोरा खांनाय जोथोन मोनाब्ला गावसोरनि सोमोनदो आदबफोरखौ दाफुंनानै लानो गोब्राब मोनो। The intervention consists of 10 sessions administered in care givers homes by professional social workers. जोथोन होगिरि नखरफोराव प्रफेसनेल समाजारि मावथिफोरजों गनायथिहोजानाय मावआगाना मोन 10 फालिथायफोरजों दाजानाय। The intervention is currently being assessed in a randomized clinical trial involving 200 foster families, supported by the National Institute of Mental Health. हादोरारि मेलेम देहा फसंथानजों हेफाजाब होजानाय मावागाना दासानदि 200 खांनाय नखारफोरखौ सरजाबफानानै मोनसे गोख्रै क्लिनिकेल त्राइलयाव नायसंगासिनो दं। The Nederlands Psychoanalytisch Instituut NPI (Dutch Psychoanalytic Institute) has been working with a form of therapy for children called “Mentaliseren Bevorderende Kinder Therapie” (MBKT) since 2003. नेदारलेन्दस साइकएनालितिस इन्सतितिउत एन.पि.आइया (दात्स साइकएनालितिक इन्सतितिउत) 2003 निफ्रायनो गथ’फोरनिथाखाय “ मेनतेलाइसरेन बेभारदेरेन्द किनदार थेरापि” मुंनि मोनसे थेरापि दाथायजों खामानि मावबोगासिनो दं The parent’s expectations and hopes for the child’s future. गथ’नि इउननि थाखाय बिमा बिफानि हासथायथिफोर आरो मिजिंफोर। The program is designed to address the developmental and health needs of children under the age of 5 who have been maltreated and placed in foster care. खम जोथोन होजानाय आरो खांनाय जोथोनाव लाखिजानाय बा बोसोर सिं गथ’फोरनि जौगानाय आरो देहा गोनांथिफोरखौ सिनायथि होनो हाबाफारिखौ महर होनाय जादों। The program is funded by the state government of Louisiana and private funds. हाबाफारिया लुइसियाना रायजो सोरखार आरो गावारि रांथुबिलफोरजों रांसुंथाय जादों। The programme, which takes place weekly over 20 weeks, consists of group sessions, video feedback vignettes and psycho-educational and therapeutic discussions. 20 सफथानिबो बार सफथायारियै जायगा लानाय हाबाफारिया हानजा फालिथाय, भिदिअ फोरमान दिनथिनाय आरो साइक-सोलोंथायारि आरो थेरापिउतिक सावराथफोरजों दाजानाय। The protocol has so far been aimed at and tested on preschoolers up to the age of 4 years. दासिम प्रतकलखौ 4 बोसोर बैसोसिम आगु-फरायसालिगिरिफोरनि सायाव थांखिलानाय आरो आनजाद खालामनाय जादों। The starting point in “attention regulation” is that the child is still functioning from the “equivalent modus” which means there are insufficient affect representations. “एथेनसन रेगुलेसन”नि जागायजेननाय बाथ्राया जादोंदि गथ’या दासिमबो “समान मावखानथि”-निफ्रायनो खामानि मावगासिनो दं जाय बेवहाय थोजासे नङै गोहोम फोरमायथिफोरखौ ओंथि फोरमायो। The therapist will play and talk with the child in order to make contact with the inner world of the child and thus shape all the bits and pieces that needs to be integrated. थेरापिस्तया गथ’नि इसिं संसारजों सोमोनदो खालामनो थाखाय गथ’जों गेलेगोन आरो रायज्लायगोन आरो बेबादिनो खौसेथि खालामनो गोनां गासैबो फिसा फिनला मुवाफोरखौ महर होयो। The therapist’s role is as an observer and an interpreter of the interaction between the infant and the parent. थेरापिस्तनि बिफावा खुदिया आरो बिमा बिफानि गेजेराव सावरायलायनायनि सासे नोजोरगिरि आरो बेखेवगिरि महरै खामानि मावनाय। The therapy is then 'individualized' according to each dyads attachment/caregiver pattern. बेनि उनाव थेरापिखौ मोनफ्रोम दियाद्स सोमोनदो/जोथोनहोगिरि दाथाय बादियै गावयारि खालायनाय जायो। Therapist might share some of his thoughts about the behaviour of the child with the parent and by doing so offering the parent an alternative way of experiencing the child. थेरापिस्तया गथ’नि आखल सोमोनदै गावनि खायसे सानस्रिफोरखौ बिमा-बिफाजों फोरमायलायनो हागौ आरो बेबायदि मावनायजों गथ’खौ मोनदांनायनि मोनसे नैथि राहा बिमा-बिफानो होयो। There are several different techniques to approach the psychoanalytic treatment of children. गथ’फोरनि साइकएनालायतिक सिकितसाखौ साफिनो गोबां आलादा आलादा आदबफोर दं। There is an initial assessment which utilises the 'Strange Situation' procedure, (Ainsworth 1978), observations, a videotaped interview using the Parent Development Interview (Aber et al 1989) and the Adult Attachment Interview (George et al 1984) and caregiver questionnaires regarding the child. बेवहाय मोनसे जागायजेननाय नायबिजिरनाय दं जाय ‘स्त्रेन्ज सितुएसोन’ आदब,(एन्सवार्त 1978), नायसंनाय, बिमा बिफा जौगालु मोगामोगि बाहायनानै खालामनाय मोनसे भिदिअतेप मोगामोगि (एबेर एत अल 1989) आरो बैसोगोरानि मोगामोगि (जर्ज एत अल 1984) आरो गथ’नि सोमोनदै जोथोनहोगोरि सोंलुफोरखौ बाहायो। This an intervention programme aimed at infants who have experienced early adverse care and disruptions in care. बेयो आगुयै गाज्रि जोथोन आरो गोब्राब जोथोन मोनदांनाय खुदियाफोरनि सायाव थांखि लाजानाय मोनसे माव-आगान हाबाफारि। This article covers all types of therapies aimed at children from behavioural, psychodynamic or other fields. बे लिरबिदाङा आखुयारि, साइकदाइनेमिक एबा गुबुन फोथारफोरनिफ्राय गथ’फोरनाव थांखि लाजानाय गासै रोखोमनि थेरापिफोरखौ सरजाबो। This has often broken down for foster children, and worse, the caregiver may have served as a threat themselves. गले गले बेयो फेलें जादों मानोना खानाय गथ’फोर, आरो गाज्रि जोथोनहोगिरिया गावसोरनो गाव मोनसे खैफोद महरै खामानि मावदों जानो हागौ। This incapability to integrate those feelings may influence the modus in which the child comes to operate. बैफोर मोनदांथिफोरखौ खौसेथि खालामनो हायै बे गोहोया मावखानथिखौ गोहोम खोखलैनो हागौ जेराव गथ’या सालायनो नुजाफैयो। This is a foster care intervention devised by J.A.Larrieu and C.H Zeanah in 1998. बेयो जे.ए लेरिइउ आरो सि.एद्स जिनाहजों 1998याव महरहोजानाय मोनसे खांनाय जोथोन मावआगान। This is a parent education and psychotherapy intervention developed by Marvin et al (2002) designed to shift problematic or 'at risk' patterns of attachment – caregiving interactions to a more appropriate developmental pathway. मारभिन एत अल (2002) जों जौगाहोजानाय बियो मोनसे बिमा-बिफा सोलोंथाय आरो सायकथेरापि माव आगान, एथासमेन्तनि – जोथोनहोनाय मोगा-मोगि जेंनागोनां एबा “बिबान गोनां” दाथायफोरनिफ्राय मोनसे बांसिन आरजाथाव दावगानाय लामाखौ बोस्लायनो महर होजानाय। This is done by a graphic representation of the child’s needs and attachment system in circle form, summarizing the child’s needs and the safe haven provided by the caregiver. बेखौ गथ’नि गोनांथिफोर आरो जोथोनहोगिरिजों जगायजानाय रैखाथि गोनां गोजोनथिलिखौ सारांस खालामनानै गथ’नि गोनांथिफोरनि ग्राफिक फोरमायथिजों आरो सोमोनदो खानथियाव मावनाय जायो। This latter point aims to address the miscuing defensive strategies of the caregiver. बे उननि बाथ्राया जोथोनहोगिरिनि गोरोनथिइसारा होनाय होबथायारि आदब-खायदाफोर सिनायथिनो थांखि लायो। This technique requires a three-way relationship between the parent, child and therapist. बे आदबनो बिमा बिफा, गथ’ आरो थेरापिस्तनि गेजेराव मोनसे थाम-राहा सोमोनदो गोनांथि जायो। This therapy is partly based on the theory of Fonagy [3] (2002) in which mentalization is the central theme. बे थेरापिया खावसेयै फनागि [3] (2002) थिउरियाव सोनारो जेराव मेलेम बाहायनाया मिरु थिम जायो। To increase the caregivers sensitivity and appropriate responsiveness to the child’s signals relevant to its moving away from to explore, and its moving back for comfort and soothing. जोथोनहोगिरिनि मोनदांथि आरो खुदियानि इसाराफोराव आरजाथाव फिन होनायखौ बांहोनोया संनो बेनि गिदिंनायनिफ्राय गोजान, आरो बेनि आराम आरो गोजोननि थाखाय गिदिंफिन्नायजों सोमोन्दोगोनां । To increase their ability to reflect on their own and the child’s behavior, thoughts and feelings regarding their attachment – caregiving interactions. बिसोरनि एतासमेन्त- जोथोन होनाय मोगा-मोगि सोमोन्दै बिसोरनि गोहोखौ गावसोरननि गाव आरो खुदियाफोरनि आखल, सानस्रि आरो मोनदांथिनि सायाव सोरां होनो बांहोनो। To reflect on experiences in their own histories that affects their current caregiving patterns. बिसोरनि असे जारिमिनफोरनि रोंमोनदांफोराव मोदान होनो जाय बिसोरनि बोहैथि जोथोन होनाय दाथायफोरखौ गोहोम खोखलैयो। Traumata can cause the child to refrain from very painful feelings connected to the events and or persons connected to the trauma. त्रौमाताया जाथायफोरजों सोमोनदो गोनां जोबोर दुखु गोनां मोनदांथिफोर आरो एबा त्रौमाजों सोमोनदो गोनां सुबुंफोरनिफ्राय गथ’खौ रैखा मोनहोनो हायो। Two techniques will be discussed: Parent-Infant Psychotherapy and Mentaliseren Bevorderende Kinder Therapie (MBKT). मोननै आदबफोरखौ सावरायनाय जागोन: बिमा-खुदिया सायकथेरापि आरो मेनतेलाइसरेन बेभरदेरेन्द किनदार थेरापि (एम.बि.के.ति)। When both modus are integrated the child is aware that he’s pretending and then we speak of mentalization. जेब्ला मोननैबो मावखानथिफोरखौ खौसे खालामनाय जायो गथ’या मिनथियो दि बियो दिनथिफ्लागासिनो आरो बिनि उनावसो जों मेनतेलाइजेसननि सोमोनदै बुङो। When the regulation of either is not sufficient a therapy may help to influence the flow of both. जेब्ला मोनसेबो नेमखानथिया थोजासे जाया मोनसे थेरापिया मोननैनिबो बोहैथिखौ गोहोम खोखलैनो हेफाजाब होनो हागौ। With a child that only functions in the pretend modus there’s a difference between reality and fantasy however they exist separately from each other. खालामफ्लानाय मावखानथियावल’ खामानि मावनाय सासे गथ’जों, मोखथां आरो सानखांनाय गेजेराव मोनसे फाराग दं अब्लाबो बिसोरो गावजोंगावनिफ्राय आलादायै नुजायो। With “the ability to mentalise” concept different types of mental processes play a role. “मेलेम बाहायनो हानाय गोहो” सानदांथिजों आलादा आलादा रोखोमनि मेलेम बिखानथिफोरा मोनसे बिफाव लायो। '"Manipulation of sensitive responsiveness", van den Boom (1994) This intervention focused on low socio-economic group mothers with irritable infants, assessed on a behavioural scale. “मोनदांथिगोनां फिनथायनि मावसोलो”, भेन देन बुम (1994)। बे मावआगाना मोनसे आखुयारि जखायाव नायसंजानाय खायसोखालामग्रा खुदियाफोर गोनां गाहाय समाज-रांखानथि हानजानि बिमाफोरनाव नोजोरहोदोंमोन। '"Modified Interaction Guidance" Benoit et al (2001)' This intervention aimed to reduce inappropriate caregiver behaviours as measured on the AMBIANCE (atypical maternal behaviour instrument for assessment and classification). “फोसाबजानाय मोगामोगि बोसोन” बेन’इत आरो गुबुनफोर (2001)’। बे मावआगाना AMBIANCE (atypical maternal behaviour instrument for assessment and classification)याव जखालानाय बादियै थिनङै जोथोनहोग्रा आखुफोरखौ खमायनो थांखिलादोंमोन। A population mean volume of 650 ml would be considered low. As with bodyweight, it is apparent that considerable metabolic adaptation protects milk supply against the worst effects of dietary deficiency. 650 मि.लिनि मोनसे सबुंअनजिमा गर बिबाङा खम गनायथिजागोन। देहालिरथायजों, बेयो रोखादि गनायथाव मेताबलिक गोरोबथिया आदार आंखालनि गाज्रि जाउनफोरनि हेंथायै गायखेर जगायनायखौ होबथायो। A reduced level of activity in children consuming inadequate but not disastrously low amounts of dietary energy has also been reported among rural children living in Uganda. थोजासेनङै आदारजानाय गथ’फोरनि खामानिनि खमायनाय बिबाङा, नाथाय आदार गोहोनि जोबोरै खम बिबां नङा, उगानदायाव थानाय गामियारि गथ’फोरनि गेजेरावबो फोरमानथिजाबाय। A significant decrease in inappropriate maternal behaviours and disrupted communication was found in the MIG group. थिनङै बिमायारि आखुफोर आरो हेंथागोनां फोनांजाबसोमोनदोयाव मोनसे रोखा खमायनायखौ एम.आइ.जियाव मोनदोंमोन। Acceleration of growth was confirmed and clinical examination of the children and reports from teachers suggested that the milk-fed children had improved in general condition and became much more alert and more boisterous and difficult to control than others. जौगानायनि गोख्रैथिखौ रोखाखालामदोंमोन आरो गथ’फोरनि क्लिनिकेल आनजाद आरो फोरोंगिरिफोरनिफ्राय फोरमानथिया बिथोनहोदोंमोनदि गायखेर-जाहोजानाय गथ’फोरा सरासनस्रा थासारियाव जौगादोंमोन आरो गुबुनफोरनिख्रुइ दबथायनो जोबोर बांसिन सांग्रां आरो बांसिन दावराव-दावसि आरो गोब्राब जादोंमोन। Access to reflective supervision is needed to prevent a sense of helplessness and a "self-protective tendency to view complex clinical cases as intractable". Activity is an even more relevant functional parameter for pregnant and lactating women, as they represent an important component of the labouring work-force, particularly in rural areas of the developing world. गोरबोथानाय आरो आहारदौनाय आयजोफोरनि थाखाय मावनायदांनायाबो बांसिन सोमोनदोगोनां खामानियारि पेरामितार, मानोना बिसोर मजुरि मावनाय नारसिनथायनि मोनसे गोनां थाफादेरमुवाखौ दिनथियो, जुनियायै जौगाफु बुहुमनि गामियारि ओनसोलफोराव। All maternal components improved. Further, a 'strange situation' assessment carried out at 12 months showed only 38% classified as insecure compared to 78% in the control group. गासै बिमायारि थाफादेरमुवाफोरा जौगादोंमोन। आरोबाव, 12 दानाव खालामजानाय मोनसे 'सोमोथाव थासारि' नायबिजिरसंनाया दबथाय हानजानि 78%खौ रुजुनायाव रैखाथिगोयै महरै बाहागोखालामजानाय 38% खौल’ दिनथिदोंमोन। All the types of indicators discussed can be useful as long as their limitations are appreciated. सावरायजानाय गासै रोखोमनि इसारादिनथिग्राफोरा बिसोरनि सिमनाफोरा बाखनायजाबायथानायसिम बाहायजाथाव जानोहागौ। Also the infant has the experience of negotiating their relationship with their mother. आरोबाव खुदियाहाबो गावसोरनि बिमाजों बिसोरनि सोमोनदोखौ बुजिलायनायनि रोंमोनदांथि दं। An example of the latter use is a large-scale integrated rural development programme currently being funded by the British government in Nepal. उननिखौ बाहायनायनि बिदिनथिया दासानदि नेपालाव ब्रितिस सरकारजों रांअनसुंथाय होजानाय मोनसे गुवार खौसेथि गामियारि जौगालु हाबाफारिया। An important measurement is the baby's milk intake, although there is a wide normal range, and at an individual level only values below 500 ml/24 hr between one and five months of age can definitely be considered inadequate. मोनसे गोनां जखाया जादों खुदियानि गाइखेर आजावनाय, जुदिबो बेवहाय मोनसे गुवार मोजां रोखोम(Range) दं, आरो गावआरि थाखोयाव से आरो बा दान बैसोनि गेजेराव 500 मि.लि/24 घनटा खम बिबांखौ थारैनो थोजासेनङै गनायजानो हागौ। As discussed in section 1.17, studies in Sri Lanka have demonstrated that iron supplementation enables work output to be increased. धारा 1.17 आव सावरायनाय बायदियै, स्रि-लंकायाव बिजिरनायफोरा फोरमानदिनथिबाय दि आइरन साप्लिमेतेसना खामानि फिथाइखौ बांहोनो हायो। As of 2005, 250 children had participated in the programme. 2005 नि बादियै, 250 गथ’फोरा हाबफारियाव बाहागोलादोंमोन। Assessment measures used were the Ainsworth sensitivity rating, Ainsworth et al (1974). बाहायजानाय Assessment of maternal nutritional status during lactation is more difficult. आहार दौनाय समाव बिमायारि निउत्रिसनेल मानथाखोनि नायसंनाया गोब्राबसिन। Attachment security involved 29 studies and 1,503 participants. दाजाबफानाय रैखाथिया 29 नायबिजिरथिफोर आरो 1503 बाहागोलागिरिफोरखौ लाफादोंमोन। Babies' birth-weight, height, and head circumference relative to gestational age at birth are crucial parameters. Birth-weights in poor economic circumstances in the developing world are much lower than in Europe and North America जौगाफु बुहुमाव गोरिब रांखानथि थासारिफोरनि थाखाय जोनोम-लिरथायफोरा इउरप आरो सा आमेरिकानिख्रुइ बांसिन खम। Changes in parental sensitivity are causally related to attachment security. बिमा बिफायारि मोनदांथि सोलायनायफोरा सरासनस्रायै नांथाबनाय रैखाथिजों सोमोनदो गोनां। Children entering psychotherapy have most often been exposed to family violence or other traumatic experiences. साइक’थेरापियाव हाबनाय गथ’फोरा बांसिन समावनो नखरारि हिंसा एबा गुबुन त्राउमेतिक रोंमोनदांथिफोराव मोगामोगि जानांदों Cohen et al (1999)' This intervention involved mothers and infants referred for a community health service. कहेन आरो गोबां (1999)’ बे मावआगाना समाजारि देहा आबारनि थाखाय रायखांजानाय बिमा आरो खुदियाफोरखौ सरजाबफादोंमोन। Developmental delays in the children are common and there is a considerable range of regulatory, socioemotional and developmental problems. गथ’फोरनाव जौगानाय गोबावजानाया सरासनस्रा आरो बेवहाय नेमखानथियारि, समाजआबेगारि आरो जौगानाय जेंनाफोरनि मोनसे गनायजाथाव सारि दं। Early intervention on parental sensitivity and infant attachment security is effective. बिमाबिफायारि मोनदांथि आरो खुदिया सोमोनदो रैखाथिनि सायाव आगु आखायहोनाया जाउनगोनां। Especially 'miscues' as the signals of such children are often confusing as a consequence of their often frightening, inconsistent and confusing past relationships. गुबैयै, बेफोरबादि गथ’फोरनि इसारा महरै ‘मिसकिउफोरा’ गोबांसमाव बिसोरनि गिनाय, अरायथानङै आरो गोनोगोथो आगु सोमोनदोफोरनि मोनसे जाउन महरै गोबांसमाव गोनोगोथो जायो। For example, protein deficiency may compound the fall in albumin concentration that normally accompanies pregnancy because of haemodilution. बिदिनथि महरै, प्रतिन आंखाला एलबुमिन जथायथि(concentration) खमिनायखौ गोख्रोंखालामनो हागौ सरासनस्रायै जाय थैगलायथिनि थाखाय गोरबोथानायजों फैफायो। For half the session the mother gets down on the floor with the infant, observes it and interacts only on the infant initiative. खावसे फालिथायनि थाखाय बिमाया खुदियाजों मैजायाव ओंखारख्लायो, बेखौ नोजोरहोयो आरो आरो खुदिया मावआगानावल’ रायलायो। For lactating women it is likely that assessments of overall health and well-being plus her capacity for an active life are likely to be the most revealing. आहारदौनाय आयजोफोरनि थाखाय बेयो जाथवनादि गासै देहा आरो मोजांनि नायबिजिरसंनायफोर लोगोसे मोनसे मावथि जिउनि थाखाय बिनि हाथिगुनफोरा जानोहागौ बांसिन फोरमायजाथाव। For the second half the mother discusses her observations and experiences. नैथि खावसेनि थाखाय बिमाया गावनि नोजोरथि आरो रोंमोनदांथिफोरखौ सावरायो। Foster care are also formally assessed using a structured clinical interview which includes in particular the meaning of the child to the foster parent.. नेमबादियै खांनाय जोथोनखौबो दाथायगोनां क्लिनेकेल मोगामोगि बाहायनानै नायसंनाय जायो जुनियायै जाय खांग्रा बिमा-बिफानि थाखाय गथ’नि ओंथिखौ सरजाबफायो। Foster cares are regularly contacted and visited to assess their needs and progress. खांनाय जोथोनफोरा जेब्लाबो बिसोरनि गोनांथिफोर आरो जौगानायखौ नायसंनो लोगोहमजायो आरो दावबायजायो। Foster cares are taught to recognize what such children actually need rather than what they may appear to signal that they need. खांनाय जोथोनगिरिफोरखौ सरासनस्रायै बेफोरबादि गथ’फोरनो गावसोरनो नांनायखौ इसाराहोनो बिसोर नुजाथिहोगौनिख्रुइ सिनायथिहाहोनोसो फोरोंनाय जायो। Foster parents may also present barriers to forming healthy attachment relationships. Based on Bowlby, the care giving system is seen as a bio behavioral system in adults that is complementary to the child attachment system. खांग्रा बिमा-बिफाफोरा गोख्रों नांथाबनाय सोमोनदोफोर दानायाव हेंथाफोरबो दिनथियो। बलबाइनाव सोनारजानाय, जोथोन होनाय बिखानथिखौ बैसोगोराफोरनाव बाइअ आखुयारि बिखानथि महरै नुयो जाय गथ’ नांथाबनाय बिखानथियाव एरैनो होनाय। Further, despite harsh and inconsistent treatment many of the children remain attached to their parents, complicating the development of new attachment relationships. बेनि अनगायैबो, गोबां गथ’फोरा खाब्रां आरो दिदोमनङै आबार खालामजासेयावबो गावसोरनि बिमा-बिफाफोरजों नांथाबनानै थायो, गोदान नांथाबनाय सोमोनदोफोरनि जौगानायखौ बेलेबेजे खालामनानै। In Guatemala, by contrast, the corresponding figure was only about 25 per cent. गौतेमालायाव, फाराक दिनथिनानै, आरजाथाव महरा 25 जौखोनदोफ्रामल’मोन। In Nepal there are inputs from agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, irrigation, and education as well a health. नेपालाव आबाद, जुनार फिसिनाय, हाग्रामा, दै हगारनाय, आरो सोलोंथाय लोगोसे देहानिफ्राय अबदानफोर दं। In research programmes, placental weight is also an important measurement. नायबिजिरनाय हाबाफारिफोराव प्लेसेनतेल लिरथायाबो मोनसे गोनां सुथाय। In the Gambia the unanimous first reason given by pregnant and lactating mothers for the popularity of the biscuit supplement was that it gave them more "power" for work. गामबियायाव बिसकुत जगाननि मुंदांखानि थाखाय गोरबोथानाय आरो आहारदौनाय बिमाफोरजों होजानाय खौसेथि गिबि जाहोना जादोंमोनदि बेयो खामानिनि थाखाय बिसोरनो बांसिन “गोहो” होदोंमोन। In the interpretation of mortality data it is obviously important to take into account the cause of death. थैथाय तथ्यनि फोरमायथियाव थैनायनि जाहोनखौ हिसाब लानाया गमामायैनो गोनांथि। Individualised interventions for each child are devised based on age, clinical presentation and information on the child/foster care match. साफ्रोमबो गथ’नि थाखाय गावयारि मावआगानफोरखौ बैसो, क्लिनिकेल दिनथिथि आरो गथ’/खांनाय जोथोन गोरोबथियाव थानाय खौरांनि सायाव सोनारहोनानै राहाखालामनाय जायो। Infants in the watch, wait and wonder group were significantly more likely to shift to a secure or organised attachment classification than infants in the psychodynamic psychotherapy group. साइक’दाइनामिक साइक’थेरापि हानजानि खुदियाफोरनिख्रुइ नोजारहोनाय, नेनाय आरो सानहाबनाय हानजानि खुदियाफोरा रोखायै जोबोर बांसिनै मोनसे रैखाथिगोनां एबा मोजां नांथाबनाय थाखोराननायाव बारस्लायथावमोन। Intervention programmes are always and universally effective. मावआगान हाबाफारिफोरा जेब्लाबो आरो जेरावबो जाउनगोनां। Intervention was based on Ainsworth's sensitive responsiveness components, namely perceiving a signal, interpreting it correctly, selecting an appropriate response and implementing the response effectively. मावागाना एन्सउर्थनि मोनदांथिगोनां फिनजाथाय बाहागोफोराव सोनारोमोन, मुंफारियै मोनसे इसाराखौ मोनदांनाय, बेखौ रोखायै बेखेवनाय, मोनसे गोरोबथाव फिनजाथाय सायखनाय आरो फिनजाथायखौ जाउनगोनांङै बाहायफुंनाय। Interventions include supporting foster parents to learn to help the child in regulating emotions, to learn to respond effectively to the child distress and to understand the child signals. मावआगानफोरा आबेगफोरखौ सामलायनायाव गथ’खौ हेफाजाबहोनो सोलोंनो, गथ’नि गोसोबायनायखौ मोजाङै फिनजाथायहोनो सोलोंनो आरो गथ’ इसारफोरखौ बुजिनो खांग्रा बिमाबिफाफोरखौ हेफाजाबहोनायखौ सरजाबो। Investigations into work capacity and energy output need to be designed with imagination and flexibility. खामानि मावनाय हाथिगुन आरो गोहो फिथाइयाव नायबिजिरथिंफोरखौ सानखांथि आरो गोरलैथिजों महरहोनाया गोनांथि। It has been pointed out however that specific care giver response to attachment (the precursors to secure attachments) were not measured. अब्लाबो बेखौ दिनथिनाय जाबायदि नांथाबनायाव थि जोथोनहोगिरि फिनजाथायखौ सुनायजायाखैमोन (नांथाबनायफोरखौ रैखाथिहोनाय प्रिकुउसर्स)। It is based on the notion of the infant as initiator in infant-parent psychotherapy. बेयो खुदिया-बिमाबिफा साइक’थेरापिनि जागायजेनगिरि बादियै खुदियानि सानस्रियाव सोनारो। It is not unreasonable to suggest that the latter style of working provides a greater sense of well-being and general happiness. बेखौ बिथोन होनाया बानगोयै नङादि खामानि मावनायनि उननि महरा मोजां आरो सरानसनस्रा खुसिनि मोनसे देरसिन मोनदांथिखौ जगायो। It is possible for a woman to complete the same task with a minimum of extraneous effort or with more joie de vivre. सासे आइजोनि थाखाय इसे उफेरा नाजानायजों एबा जोबोर गोसोखुसिजों एखे खामानिखौ फोजोबनो हानाया हाथावना। It is quite apparent that the use of functional tests is a subject that merits a much greater research input. बेयो आबुङै रोखादि हाबायारि आनजादफोरनि बाहायथिया मोनसे आयदा जाय जोबोर देरसिन नायबिजिरथि अबदानखौ बाखनायो It was found that these infants scored significantly higher than the control infants on sociability, self soothing and reduced crying. बेखौ मोनदोंमोन दि समाजारि, गाव गोजोननायाव बेफोर खुदियाफोरा होबथा खुदियाफोरनिख्रुइ जोबोरैनो बांसिन बिबां मोनदोंमोन आरो गाबनायखौ खमायदोंमोन। It will be necessary to establish an appropriate methodology in which data will be collected on a continuing basis. मोनसे गोरोबथाव मेथ’दलजि गायसननो बेयो गोनांथि जागोन जाय तथ्यखौ मोनसे सोलिबायथानाय बिथायाव बुथुमनाय जागोन। Not all foster cares have this strong biological disposition as many fear becoming too 'attached' and suffering loss, many are effectively doing it to earn money and some perceive such children as 'damaged goods' and may remain emotionally distant and under involved. गासै खांनाय जोथोनफोरहा बे गोख्रों जैबवारि महरा गैया मानोना गोबाङानो बांद्राय “नांथाबनायगोनां” जागोनखौ आरो खहा भुगिनांनायखौ गियो, गोबाङानो रां आरजिनो बेखौ जाउनगोनाङै मावगासिनो आरो खायसेया बेफोरबादि गथ’फोरखौ “उदायै मुवाफोर” बायदि सानदाङो आरो आबेगारियै गोजान आरो गोरोबालासेनो थानोहागौ। Of equal importance, whose results will be analysed and made available quickly so that necessary changes in the overall programme can be made when necessary. समान गोनांथिनि, जायनि फिथायफोरखौ नायबिजिरनाय जागोन आरो थाबैनो थोजासे खालामनाय जागोन जाहाथे गासैबो हाबाफारियाव गोनांथि सोलायथिफोरखौ खालामनो हायो जेब्ला गोनांजायो। Outcome data published in 2001 revealed a 68% reduction in maltreatment recidivism for the same child returning to its parent(s) and a 75% reduction in recidivism for a subsequent child of the same mother. 2001 याव फोसावजानाय जाउन तथ्यआ गावनि बिमा-बिफाफोरनिसिम गिदिंबोफिननाय एखे गथ’नि थाखाय मेलत्रितमेन्त गाज्रिहुदायाव 68% आरो एखे बिमानि उननि सासे गथ’नि थाखाय गाज्रिहुदायाव 75% खमायनायखौ फोरमायथिदोंमोन। Plasma amino-acid patterns can also be informative, but this is a subject for research. प्लासमा एमिन’-एचिद दाथायफोराबो खौरांगोनां जानो हागौ, नाथाय बेयो नायबिजिरनायनि थाखाय मोनसे आयदा। Presenting problems included feeding, sleeping, behavioural regulation, maternal depression and feelings of failure in bonding or attachment. जेंनाफोर दिनथिनाया आहारजाहोनाय, उनदुनाय, आखुआरि सामलायथि, सोमोनदो एबा नांथाबनायाव फेलेंजानायनि बिमायारि दुखुजानाय आरो मोनदांथिफोरखौ सरजाबफादोंमोन। Psychiatric and substance abuse histories and other criminal activities are common. मेलेमारि आरो देहायारि अफमान खालामनाय जारिमिनफोर आरो गुबुन दायगोनां खामानिफोरा सरासनस्रा। Quite apart from their intrinsic physiological interest, it would enable the merits of nutritional intervention programmes to be translated into terms relevant to national development planning. बिसोरनि नंगुबै गोसोबिगियानारि गोसोनि अनगायैबो, बेयो निउत्रेसनेल मावआगान हाबाफारिफोरनि गुनफोरखौ हादोरारि जौगानायजों गोरोबसे बाथ्राफोराव रावसोलायजाहोनो हाहोगोन। Sensitivity findings were based on 81 studies involving 7,636 families. मोनदांथिगोनां जाउनफोरा 7,636 नखरफोरखौ सरजाबफानानै 81 नायबिजिरथिफोराव सोनारदोंमोन। Serious relationship disturbances are considered likely to be important contributors to difficulties in establishing new attachment relationships. गोब्राब सोमोनदोयारि दिगदारफोरा जानोहागौ गोदान नांथाबनाय सोमोनदोफोरखौ गायसननायनि गोब्राबथिफोराव गोनां हेफाजाबहोग्राफोर होनना गनायथिजायो। Since there is, as yet, no evidence that they were doing more actual work, it can only be concluded that this statement means the mothers were better able to work well within their capacity rather than at the extreme limit. बिसोर जोबोर नंगुबै खामानि मावगासिनो दं दासिम बेवहाय जेबो फोरमान गैया जेला, बेखौ फोजोबनोल’ हायोदि बे बिबुंथिया बिमाफोरा बांद्राय मावसिमनानिख्रुइ गावसोरनि हाथिगुननि गेजेराव मोजांसिनै मोजां खामानि मावनो हानायखौ ओंथिफोरमायो। Soon after coming into care the children are intensively assessed, in foster care, and then receive multi modal treatments. जोथोनाव फैनाय थाब उनावनो खांनाय जोथोनाव गथ’फोरखौ गोथौयै नायसंनाय जायो आरो बेनि उनाव बां नेमखानथि जोथोनफोर आजावो। Studies at INCAP in Guatemala have likewise demonstrated that energy intake of pre-school children can be reduced from 90 to 80 kcal/kg without affecting nitrogen balance or growth. बेबायदियैनो गुवातेमालानि आइ.एन.चि.ए.पियाव नायजिबिरनायफोरा दिनथिफुंदोंमोनदि आगु-फरायसालि गथ’फोरनि गोहो नाजावनायखौ नाइत्रजेन जखा एबा देरनायखौ गोहोमखोखलैयाबालानो 90 निफ्राय 80 kcal/kg सिम खमाय जायो। Such children often exhibit provocative and oppositional behaviors which may normally trigger feelings of rejection in caregivers. बेफोरबादि गथ’फोरा गोबां समाव रागाजोंनाय आरो हेंथायारि आखुफोर दिनथियो जाय सरासनस्रायै जोथोनहोगिरिफोरनाव नेउसिनायनि मोनदांथिफोरखौ सोमजिहोयो। Such inappropriate behaviours are thought to contribute to disorganized attachment. बेफोरबादि थिनङै आखुफोरा मोजांनङै नांथाबनायाव हेफाजाबहोयो होनना सानजायो। Such measurements could not be recommended for public health programmes at the present time. आथिखालाव बेफोरबादि राहाफोरखौ रायजोयारि देहा हाबाफारिफोरनि थाखाय गनायथिनो हाया। The aim of the foster care intervention is to support the building of an attachment relationship between the children and foster cares, even though about half of the children eventually return to their parents after about 12 to 18 months. खांनाय जोथोन मावआगाननि थांखिया जादों गथ’फोर आरो खांनाय जोथोनफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे नांथाबनाय सोमोनदो दानो हेफाजाबहोनाय, जुदिबो गोबावैब्लाबो गथ’फोरनि खावसेफ्रामा 12-18 दानफोरनि उनाव गावसोरनि बिमा बिफाफोरनिसिम गिदिंबोफोनो। The aim was to develop a programme for designing foster care as an intervention. थांखिया खांनाय जोथोनखौ मोनसे मावआगान महरै महरदानायनि थाखाय मोनसे हाबाफारि जौगानो थाखायमोन। The assessment 'team' remains involved in delivering the intervention. नायसंनाय हानजाया मावआगानखौ नुजाहोनायाव सरजाबफायो। The authors claim the programme not only assists the building of new attachments to foster parents but also has the potential impact a families development long after a returned child is no longer in care. The biochemical measurements listed in the previous paragraph can be of even greater importance during pregnancy. सिगांनि दफायाव फारिलाइखालामजानाय बाइयखेमिकेल जखाफोरा गोरबोथानाय समाव बांसिन गोनांथि जासिननोबोहागौ। The child may perceive relationships as inconsistent and undependable. गथ’या सोमोनदोफोरखौ दिदोमनङै आरो सोनारजाथावै बायदियै मोनदांनो हागौ। The concept of using nutritional status indicators for this purpose has been accepted enthusiastically. बे थांखिनि थाखाय निउत्रिसनेल मानथाखो दिनथिग्राफोरखौ बाहायनायनि सानदांथिया गोसोगुदुङै आजावजाबाय। The conclusion was that "Interventions with an exclusively behavioural focus on maternal sensitivity appear to be most effective not only in enhancing maternal sensitivity but also in promoting children's attachment security." जाउना बेनोमोनदि “बिमायारि मोनदांथिनि मोनसे जुनिया आखुयारि नोजोरथि गोनां मावआगानफोरा बिमायारि मोनदांथि बांहोनायावल’ जोबोर जाउन गोनाङै नुजाथिया नाथाय गथ’फोरनि नांथाबनाय रैखाथिखौ बांहोनायावबो नुजायो”। The designers note Mary Doziers program to foster the development of relationships between children and foster cares (ABC) and her work showing the connection between foster children's symptomology and foster cares attachment status. महरहोगिरिफोरा गथ’फोर आरो खांनाय जोथोनफोरनि गेजेराव सोमोनदोफोर जौगानायखौ आरो खांनाय गथ’फोरनि लोइखोन आरो खांनाय जोथोन नांथाबनाय मानथाखोनि गेजेराव सोमोनदोखौ दिनथिनानै बिनि खामानिखौ जौगाहोनो मेरि दजियार्स हाबाफारिखौ गोसोहोयो। The difference in height growth between supplemented and unsupplemented children in this trial was 6 mm/year, but the difference in activity was likely to have been of much greater importance. बे बिजिरनायाव सुफुंसारहोजानाय आरो सुफुंसारहोजायै गथ’फोरनि गेजेराव गोजौ जौनायाव फारागा बोसोरफ्रामबो 6 मिलिमिटारमोन, नाथाय खामानियाव फारागथिया जानोहागौ जोबोर बांसिन गोनांथिमोन। The disturbed nature of the child relationship with its parent(s) before their removal by the state. होदोरसाजों बिसोर बोखारजानायनि सिगां गावनि बिमा-बिफाफोरजों गथ’ सोमोनदोनि दिगदारगोनां आखु। The idea is that it increases the mother sensitivity and responsiveness by fostering an observational reflective stance, whilst also being physically accessible. सानस्रिया जादोंदि बेयो मोनसे नायबिजिरसङारि मोदानथिगोनां थाथायखौ जौगाहोनानै बिमा मोनदांथिगोहो आरो फिनजाथायखौ बांहोयो, जाय देहायारियैबो मोनहैथाव। The play focused intervention (MIG) was compared with a behaviour modification intervention focused on feeding. The proportion of children born with a weight below 2.5 kg is a particularly relevant statistic because neonatal and infant mortality rise sharply below this point. 2.5 के.जिनि खम लिरथायजों जोनोमजानाय गथ’फोरनि रुजुथाया जुनियायै मोनसे गोरोबथाव स्तेसतिक मानोना उजिगोदान आरो खुदिया थैथाया रोखायै बे बिबांनि गाहायाव नुजायो। The randomly assigned control group undertook psychodynamic psychotherapy. गोख्रैयै (randomly) खामानिहोजानाय होबथा हानजाया साइकदाइनामिक साइकथेरापिखौ बिबानलादोंमोन। The randomly assigned group received 3 treatment sessions, between the ages of 6 and 9 months, based on maternal responsiveness to negative and positive infant cues. गोख्रैयै (randomly) बिबानहोजानाय हानजाया मोन 3 सिकितसा फालिथायफोर आजावदोंमोन, 6 आरो 9 दान बैसोफोरनि गेजेराव, गाज्रि आरो मोजां खुदिया संकेतफोराव बिमायारि फिनजाथायाव बिथाखालामनानै। The selection criteria were very broad, intending to include as many intervention studies as possible. सायखनाय नेमखानथिया जोबोर गुवारमोन, जाय हानायसेबां गोबां मावआगान नायबिजिरथिफोरखौ सरजाबनो लुबैयो। There is a conscious effort to build on recent, although limited, research into the incidence and causes of Reactive attachment disorder and risk factors for RAD and other psychopathologies. जुदिबो खम, आर.ए.दि आरो गुबुन साइकपेथलजिफोरनि थाखाय फिनजाथायगोनां नांथाबनाय गाज्रि आरो खैफोद जाहोनफोरनि जाथाय आरो जाहोनफोराव गोदान नायबिजिरथि दानायनि मोनसे गोख्रों नाजानाय दं। There is one final type of measurement of great potential value: measurement of functional capacity, an obvious example being the level of physical activity. बैयाव गिदिर गोहो गुननि जखानि मोनसे जोबथा रोखोम दः खामानियारि मावगोहोनि जखा, देहायारि खामानिनि मोनसे रोखा बिदिनथि थाखो जानानै। They can be used for the obvious direct purpose of assessing the effect of interventions on nutrition and health, but also as indirect indicators of social development. बेफोर निउत्रिसन आरो देहायाव मावआगानफोरनि जाउनखौ नायबिजिरसंनायनि थार थोंजों थांखिनि थाखाय बाहायजानो हागौ, नाथाय समजा जौगानायनि खेंसालिया दिनथिग्राफोर महरैबो। They might be taken more seriously by politicians and government officials than would more medical and biochemical measurements whose significance is less obvious. बेफोरो मेदिकेल आरो जिबरासाइन सुथायफोरनिख्रुइ राजखानथिगियारि आरो सोरखारि मावख’गिरिफोरजो बांसिन सांग्राङै जावजानो हागौ जायनि गोनांथिया खम मोनदांथाव। This cannot be solely attributable to dietary deficiency since infections like malaria can profoundly affect birth-weigh. बेयो आदार आंखालनि थाखायल’ दायहोजाथावा मानोना मेलेरिया बायदि सनदेरथिफोरा आबुङै जोनोम-लिरथायखौ गोहोम खोखलैनो हागौ। This was an attempt to collect and synthesise the data to try to come to "evidence based" conclusions on the best intervention practices for attachment in infants. खुदियाफोरनाव नांथाबनायनि थाखाय साबसिन मावआगान सरसाफोराव “फोरमानगोनां” फोजोबथिफोरसिम फैनो नाजानायनि बेयो तथ्यखौ बुथुमनायनि आरो बेखेवनायनि मोनसे नाजानायमोन। Thomson(15), describing trials organized in the United Kingdom by Boyd Orr and others in the 1920s to test the effect of giving milk to school-children. थमसन(15), फरायसालि गथ’फोरनो गाइखेर होनायनि जाउनखौ आनजादखालामनो 1920 आव बइड अर आरो गुबुनफोरजों इउनायथेड किंदमाव दाजानाय बेखेवसार नाजाथिनायफोर। Those running the programme maintain regular phone and visit contact and there are support groups for foster parents. हाबाफारिखौ सालायग्राफोरा सरासनस्रा जानबुं आरो दावबायनाय सोमोनदोखौ सामलायो आरो बेवहाय खांग्रा बिमा-बिफाफोरनि थाखाय हेफाजाब हानजाफोर दं। Three studies were singled out by Prior and Glaser to illustrate intervention processes which have shown good results. मावआगान बिखानथिफोरखौ रोखाबिदिनथिनो मोनथाम नायबिजिरथिफोरा प्रायर आरो ग्लासेरजों सायखजादोंमोन जायफोरा मोजां फिथायफोर दिनथिबाय। To maintain this enthusiasm, however, and to provide the governments of both nations with meaningful information. अब्लाबो, बे गोसो दुंखांनायखौ सामलायनाय, आरो मोननैबो हादोरनि सोरखारनो ओंथिगोनां खौरां जागायनाय। Treating traumatized children may be unusually challenging for the therapist because of vicarious traumatization. गिहाबनाय गथ’फोरखौ सिकितसाखालामनाया सरासनस्रायै मोनदांखानाय गिहाबथिफोरनि थाखाय थेरापिस्तनि थाखाय गोब्राब जानो हागौ। Type and timing of Intervention programme makes a difference. मावआगान हाबाफारिनि रोखोम आरो समा मोनसे आलादा खालामो। Weight is normally lost during lactation at a rate of 570 g/month (14), but, as described in section 3.2, considerable metabolic adaptations occur and excessive weight loss is not observed unless food intake is exceptionally low. सरासनस्रायै लिरथाया आहारदौनाय समाव 570 ग्राम/दान(14)नि हाराव गोमायो, नाथाय, दफा 3.2 याव फोरमायनायबादिब्ला गनायजाथाव मेताबलिक नाजावथिफोरा सोमजियो आरो आदार आजावनाया जोबोरैनो खमियैसिम बांद्राय लिरथाय गोमानायखौ नायसंनाय जाया। Withdrawn children may be overlooked and seemingly independent, indiscriminate children may be considered to be managing much better than they are. बोखांजानाय गथ’फोरा नेवसिजानो आरो नुनायाव उदांस्रि जानोहागौ खैसारिखालामजायै गथ’फोरा बिसोर जाबादि बेनिख्रुइ बांसिन मोजांसिनै सामलायजानाय गनायथिजानो हागौ। Work is based on findings that the qualitative features of foster parent narrative descriptions of the child and relationship with the child have been strongly associated with the foster parents. खामानिया जाउनफोरनि सायाव सोनारोदि गथ’नि आरो गथ’जों सोमोनदोनि खांनाय बिमाबिफा बेखेवथिगोनां बेखेवथिफोरनि गुनगोनां महरफोरा खांनाय बिमाबिफाजों गोख्रोङै सोमोनदोखालामजाबाय। 31% of children under the age of 5 in the developing world are moderately (height-for-age is below minus 2 standard deviations) or severely stunted (below minus 3 standard deviations). जौगाफु बुहुमनि 5 बैसो सिंनि खुदियाफोरनि 31 जौखोनदोआ moderately (height-for-age is below minus 2 standard deviations)एबा जोबोरै जौथायाव हेंथा होजायो (below minus 3 standard deviations). | A direct policy focus on determinants of childhood cognitive ability has been urged. गथनि सानगोहोनि थिरांथाफोरनि सायाव नोजोर होनाय मोनसे थोंजों थांखिया लुबैजादों | A group of largely African American urban first-grade children and their caregivers were evaluated using self-report, interview, and standardized tests, including IQ tests. गोबां अनजिमानि आफ्रिकान आमेरिकान सोहोरारि गिबि थाखोनि गथफोरनि मोनसे हानजा आरो जोथोनगिरिफोरा गाव-फोरमायथि, मोगा-मोगि आरो आय किउ आनजादफोनखौ नाहायनानै सुजायो | A joint statement on vitamin and mineral deficiencies says that the severity of such deficiencies "means the impairment of hundreds of millions of growing minds and the lowering of national IQs." भितामिन आरो मिनारेलनि आंखालनि सायाव मोनसे जथाय बिबुंथिया बुङो दि बेबायदि आंखालनि बांथाया रोजा राजो जौगाफुनाय मेलेमफोरखौ खहा खालामनाय आरो हादोरारि आय किउफोरनि खमायनायखौ ओंथि फोरमायो | A Lancet review identified 201 chemicals with the ability to cause clinical neurotoxic effects in human adults, as described in the peer-reviewed scientific literature. पियार रिभिउ साइनतिफिक थुनलायाव फोरमायजानाय बादिब्ला लेनसेत नायबिजिरनाया बैसोगोरा मानसिफोरनि सायाव क्लिनिकेल निउरतकसिक खहा सोमजिहोनो हाग्रा 201 रासायनिकफोर सिनायथिदोंमोन | A later related very long term study looked at the effect of giving 6-24 months old children in Guatemala a high protein-energy drink as a dietary supplement. उनाव सोमोन्दो गोनां जोबोर गोलाव सम नायबिजिरनाया गुआतेमालानि 6.24 दान बैसोनि गथफोरनो आदार साप्लिमेन्त महरै गोबां गोहो होग्रा प्रतिन लोंग्रा होनानै जाउनखौ नायदोंमोन | A major portion skin whitening products, especially popular sold in stores around Asia, have been criticized by many, such as the FDA, for the presence of these toxic chemicals. एसियानि गोबां स्तरफोराव फानजानाय मोनसे गिदिर बाहागोनि बिगुर फुरहोग्रा मुवाफोरा टकसिक रासायनिक गोनांखायनो एफ. दि. ए. आरो गोबां माखासेजों नायबिजिर जादों | A recent theory suggests that early childhood stress may affect the developing brain and cause negative effects. मोनसे दाबावैसोनि theoryया फोरमायो दि उन्दै बैसोनि नारसिन्नाया जौगाफुनाय मेलेमाव गोहोम खोक्लैयो आरो गाज्रि जाउन सोमजि होयो | A significantly positive and fairly substantial effects was found on increasing the probability of attending school and of passing the first grade, increasing the grade attained by age 13, increasing completed schooling attainment, and for adults aged 25-40 increasing IQ test scores. मोनसे मखथाव मोजां आरो मोजाङै थार जाउनखौ फरायसालियाव थांनायनि थारैनो बांहोनायाव मोनदों आरो सेथि थाखो उत्रि होनानै 13 बोसोरसिमाव थाखो हाबनायखौ बांबहोदों, गासै फरायसालि हाबनायनि फोजोबनायखौ बांहोदों, आरो बैसोगोरा 25-40 बैसो बोसोरफोरखौ आय.किउ आन्जादनि बिबां बांहोदों | A study from the Philippines argues that malnutrition in the second year of life may have a larger negative impact than malnutrition in the first year of life. फिलिफिननि मोनसे नायबिजिरनाया जुक्ति होयो दि जिउनि नैथि बोसोरनि मेलनिउत्रिसनख्रुइ गिदिरसिन गाज्रि गोहोम खोक्लैयो | A study giving such supplementation to "working class," primarily Hispanic, 6-12 years old children in the United States for 3 months found an average increase 2 to 3 IQ points. आमेरिकानि साख्रि मावग्रा थाखोनि 6-12 बोसोर बैसोनि गथफोरनो गुबैयै हिसपानिक साप्लिमेन्तेसनखौ 3 दानफोरनि थाखाय होनाय मोनसे नायबिजिरनाया गर 2-3 आय किउ बिबां (point) बांनायखौ मोनदोंमोन| A study on stunted children aged 9-24 months in Jamaica found that when aged 17-18 years they had significantly poorer scores than a non-stunted group on cognitive and educational tests and psychosocial functioning. जामायकानि 9-24 दान बैसोनि जौनो रोङै गथफोरनाव नायबिजिरनायाव मोनदों दि जेब्ला बिसोरो 17-18 बैसो बोसोरनि जाहैयो बिसोरनि सानगोहो, सोलोंथायारि आनजाद आरो समासनि खामानि मावनो हानाय सानगोहोनि अनजिमाया जौनो रोंनाय हानजानिख्रुइ जोबोर खमसिन | A study shows that breastmilk can raise IQ by 7 points if the infants had a "C" version of the FADS2 gene. मोनसे नायबिजिरनाया दिन्थिदों दि गोरलै गथहा सि भारजननि FADS2 जिन दङोब्ला बिमानि गायखेरा आय किउखौ 7 बिबां जौगा होनो हायो | Additional vitamin-mineral supplementation may have an effect also in the developed world. उफ्रा भितामिन आरो मिनारेल साप्लिमेनतेसनहा जौगासार बुहुमावबो गोहोम थानो हागौ| Adjusting for maternal cognitive ability as measured by IQ and education eliminated the association between lower IQ and tobacco smoking. आय.किउ आरो सोलोंथाय बिमायारि सानगोहोखौ गोरोब होनायनि थाखाय सुजानाय, खम आय.किउ. आरो थांखु सोबनायनि गेजेरनि सोमोन्दोखौ होखार होदों। Although some observers have argued that the first six months of life are the most critical in the sense that malnutrition during that time period harms cognitive development more than malnutrition later in life माखासे बिबुंथिगिरिफोरा जुक्ति होदोंब्लाबो, जिउनि सेथि 6 दाना बांसिन खैफोद गोनां मानोना बे समाव जानाय मेलनिउत्रिसना जिउनि उन समाव जानाय मेलनिउत्रिसननिख्रुइ सानगोहो जौगाफुआव बांसिन खहा खालामो | Although these prevention campaigns are highly successful, most were initiated only after substantial delays. बेफोर होबथानाय मावफुंआ जोबोरैनो जाफुंसारदोंमोनब्लाबो बांसिनानो थार गोबाव खालामनायनि उनावसो जागायजेन जादोंमोन | An appendix listed furher industrial chemicals considered to be neurotoxic. दारिमिनारि रासायनफोरा निउरतकसिक होन्नानै आरोबाव मोनसे एपेनदिक्सआव फारिलाइ जादोंमोन | Another study found a positive effect of breastfeeding also after controlling for parental IQ. बिमा बिफायारि आय किउखौ दबथायनायनि उनाव गुबुन मोनसे नायबिजिरनीयी आहार दौनाययावबो मोनसे मोजां जाउन मोनदोंमोन | Another study found that breastfeeding increases 8.3 points in IQ. आरोबाव मोनसे नायबिजिरनायाव बिमानि आहार दोवनाया आय किउनि 8.3 बिबां बांहोयो होन्ना मोनदों | Another study found that pregnant women who consumed 340 grams of low-mercury containing fish with fatty acids per week have benefits that outweigh the risks for mercury poisoning. गोरबोगोनां हिनजाव जाय सबथाफ्रोमबो 340 ग्रामनि खम मारकुरि गोनां नाजों फेटि एसिद जायो बिसोरहा मुलामफा दङो जाय मारकुरि बिस नांनायनिफ्राय बांसिन important Another study instead looking at the relationship between environmental tobacco smoke exposures, measured with a blood biomarker, and cognitive abilities among U.S. children and adolescents 6–16 years of age. आरोबाव मोनसे नायबिजिरनाया थासाराव थांखु सोबनाय दिन्थिनाय सोमोनदोयाव नायनि जायगायाव, 6-16 बोसोरनि इउ.एस सेंग्रा-सिख्लाफोरनाव थै सिख्लारसथै बायमेकार आरो सानगोहोजों सुदों | Brain growth is usually less affected than whole body weight or length. सरासनस्रायै गासै सोलेर लिरथाय एबा लावथाया मेलेम देरथायनिख्रुइ खम गोहोम खोक्लै जायो | Certain toxins, such as lead, mercury, arsenic, toluene, and PCB are well-known causes of neuro-developmental disorders. माखासे बिसफोर, जेरैबादि लिद, मारकुरि, आरसेनिक, तलुइन आरो पि. सि. बिया निउर’ जौगासार गाज्रिजानायफोरनि मोजाङै मोनथिजानाय जाहोनफोर | Certain, at least previously, widely used organochlorides, such as dioxins, DDT, and PCB, have been associated with cognitive deficits. खमैब्लाबो आगोलाव गुवारै बाहायजानाय माखासे अरगानख्लरायदफोर, जेरैबादि दायअक्सिनफोर, दि.दि.टि आरो पि.सि.बिफोरा सानगोहो आंखालफोरजों सोमोनदो खालाम जायो | Comprehensive policy recommendations targeting reduction of cognitive impairment in children have been proposed. गथफोरनि सानगोहो आंखालखौ खमायनो नोजोरलानालै गुवार थांखि गनायथिफोरखौ थांखि दैखांनाय जादोंमोन | Current cannabis use was found to be significantly correlated in a dose-dependent manner with a decline in IQ scores. बोहैथि केनाबिफोर बाहायथिखौ आय किउ अनजिमा खमायनायजों मोनसे पालि सोनथाय महराव रोखायै सोमोन्दो थामाय मोनदोंमोन | Developed nations fortify several foods with various micronutrients. जोगासारनाय हादोरफोरा गोबां मायक्रनिउत्रिएन्तफोर गोनां बुरजा आदारफोरखौ बुथुमनानै दोनो | Developed nations have implemented several health policies regarding nutrients and toxins known to influence cognitive function. जौगासारनाय हादोरफोरा सानगोहो हाबायाव गोहोम खोक्लैनो हानाय मोनथिजानाय निउत्रिएन्तफोर आरो बिसफोरनि सोमोनदै गोनां सोलेर थांखि बाहायदों | Effects on fetal development are minimal when compared with the well-documented adverse effects of tobacco or alcohol use. फोरमान गोनां थांखु एबा जौ बाहायनायनि गाज्रि जाउनजों जेब्ला रुजुनाय जायो, फेतेल जौगानायनि जाउनफोरा खमसिन जायो | Even slightly elevated lead levels around the age of 24 months are associated with intellectual and academic performance deficits at age 10 years. बबेखानि 24 दान बैसो समाव इसे बांनाय लिद थाखोफोरा 10 बोसोर बैसोयाव बुद्धिजिबियारि आरो सोलोंथायारि आंखालफोरजों सोमोन्दो दं Exposure to violence in childhood has been associated with lower school grades and lowers IQ in children of all races. उन्दै समाव हिंसा नुजाथिनाया खम फरायसालि ग्रेदफोरजों सोमोन्दो दं आरो गासै हारिफोरनि गथपोरनि आय किउखौ खमायो | Exposures to Violence or Trauma lead to a 7.5-point (SD, 0.5) decrement in IQ and a 9.8-point (SD, 0.66) decrement in reading achievement. हिंसा नुजाथिनायफोरा एबा त्राउमाया आय किउनि 7.5 बिबां खमायनाय आरो फरायनाय जाफुंसारनायखौ 9.8 बिबां खमायनायखौ दैदेनो | Fetal alcohol exposure, causing Fetal alcohol syndrome, is one of the leading known causes of mental retardation in the Western world. फेताल एलकहल सिनद्रमखौ जाहोनानै, फेताल एलकहल नुजाथिनाया, सोनाब बुहुमाव मेलेमारि खहाखालामनाय मोनथिजानाय दैदेनगिरि जाहोनफोरनि मोनसे | Fish oil supplement to pregnant and lactating mothers has been linked to increased cognitive ability in one study. गोरबो गोनां हिनजाव आरो आहार दौनाय बिमाफोरनो नानि थाव साप्लिमेनत होयाब्ला बियो सानगोहोखौ बांहोयो होन्नानै मोनसे नायबिजिरनाया दिन्थिदों | For example, acute undernutrition for a few months during the Dutch famine of 1944 caused a decrease in mean birthweight in certain areas. बिदिन्थि महरै, 1944नि दात्च आंखाल समाव खायसे दानफोरनि थाखाय जोबोरै निउत्रिसन खमायनाया खायसे ओनसोलफोराव गर जोनोम सितथाय खम जाहोदोंमोन | For example, the Copenhagen consensus, states that lack of both iodine and iron has been implicated in impaired brain development, and this can affect enormous numbers of people. बिदिन्थि होनाय बायदि, कपेनहेगन गोरोबलायनाया बुङो दि, आयदिन आरो आयरन खम जाब्ला मेलेम जौगानायाव खहा जायो आरो बियो गोनां सुबुंफोरनाव गोहोम खोक्लैनो हायो | Fortification of staple foods (cereals, flour, sugar, salt) to deliver micronutrients to children on a large scale is probably the most sustainable and affordable option, even though commitment from governments and the food industry is needed. गथफोरनो गुवार स्केलाव मायक्रनिउत्रिएनतफोर होनो हाग्रा गाहाय मुवाखौ बुथुमनाया मोनसे जोबोर रैखा खालामग्रा आरो जगायनो हानाय राहा, बबेखानि अब्लाबो सोरखारनि आरो आदार दारिमिननि समाय खिराया गोनांथि | Giving a nutritional supplementation (1 kg milk based formula each week) to these already stunted children had no significant effect on later scores, but psychosocial stimulation (weekly play sessions with mother and child) had a positive effect. सिगांनिफ्रायनो जौनो रोङै गथफोरनो निउत्रिसनेल साप्लिमेन्त होब्ला जेबो जाउन मोनाखै नाथाय समासाव बाहायनो हानाय सानगोहोआव मोजां जाउन मोनदों | Health and intelligence are two closely-related aspects of human well-being. देहा आरो गियाना मानसिनि मोजां थानायनि मोन्नै खाथि सोमोन्दो गोनां बिथिंफोर | Healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth, access to which is often governed by policy, also influences cognitive development. गोरबो थानाय सम आरो गथ जोनोम होनाय समनि देहाजोथोन मोन्नाया बांसिनैनो थांखिजों सालायजानाय, आरो बियो सानगोहो जोगानायाव गोहोम खोक्लैयो | his was not later associated with a change in performance on IQ tests for 18-19 years old Dutch males draftees from these areas compared to control areas. उनाव बिनिया आय किउ आन्जादफोरनि मावफुनायनि सोलायनायजों सोमोनदो खालाम जायाखैमोन मानोना बेफोर ओनसोलफोरनि 18-19 बोसोर बैसोनि दात्च हौवामानसिफोरा दबथाय जानाय जानाय ओनसोलफोरखऔ रुजुदोंमोन | However, a majority of products sold there are cited by Hong Kong officials to contain mercury as its active ingredient, often a whopping 27,000 to 60,000 times the "acceptable" dose. अब्लाबो हंकंनि मावखगिरिफोरा दिन्थिदों दि बांसिनै फानजानाय मुवाफोर, जायफोरा मारकुरिखौ गुबै मुवा रोखोमै बाहायो, बांसिन समावनो नाजाव जाथाव पालि (dose) निख्रुइ 27000 निफ्राय 60000 गुन बारा | However, a recent study finds that maternal tobacco smoking has no direct causal effect on the child's IQ. अब्लाबो, मोनसे बावैसो जानाय नायबिजिरनायाव मोनदों दि बिमायारि थांखु सोबनाया गथनि आय किउआव जेबो थोंजों गाज्रि जाउन गैया | However, foods containing high amounts of mercury, such as shark swordfish, king mackerel and tilefish, might cause mental retardation. अब्लाबो गोबां बिबांनि मारकुरि गोनां आदारफोर जेरै शार्क स्वर्द ना, किं मेकेराल आरो तायल नाफोरा मेलेम गाज्रि खालामनो हागौ | However, it has been suggested that in IUGR the brain may be selectively spared. अब्लाबो बिखौ बिथोन होनाय जायो दि आय.इउ.जि.आराव मेलेमखौ सायखजाथाव महरै गारनो हायो/दोनथ जायो | However, no such decline was seen in subjects who had formerly been heavy cannabis users and had stopped taking the drug. नाथाय आयदाफोराव बेबादि जेबो खमायनायखौ नुनाय जायाखैमोन, जायफोरा नेमबादियै केनेबिफोर बाहायग्रा जानानै दंमोन आरो द्राग लानायखौ नागारदोंमोन | However, this is costly, distribution mechanisms are often ineffective, and compliance is low. नाथाय बेयो बेसेन गोसा, रान्नाय मेखानिजोमफोरा बांसिन समावनो उदायै आरो बेनि गोनांथिया खम | In developing countries, it is estimated that 40% of children aged four and under suffer from anaemia because of insufficient iron in their diets. जौगालु हादोरफोराव बेखौ हमना लानाय जादों दि 4 बोसोर आरो बेनि सिं बैसोनि गथफोरनि ब्रैजि जौखोनदोआ बिसोरनि आदारफोराव थोजासे नङै आयरननि थाखाय एनेमिया बेरामाव गोग्लैयो | In order to prevent iron deficiency an option is giving specific supplementation, for example as tablets. आयरन आंखालखौ होबथानो थाखाय मोनसे राहाया थि साप्लिमेनतेसन होगासिनो दङो, बिदिन्थि महरै तेब्लेतफोर | Instead, it was the mother's IQ that had a significant correlation with the IQ of her offspring, whether the offspring was breastfed or was not breastfed. गुबुन फारसे थिङै बियो बिमानिसो आय किउ जायहा गथनि आय किउजों थोंजों सोमोन्दो दङो, गथआ आहार मोनजादों एबा मोनजायाखैबो जानो हागौ | It is estimated that 2 billion people (one-third of the total global population) are affected by iodine deficiency, including 285 million 6- to 12-year-old children. बेखौ हमना लानाय जादों दि 6-12 बोसोर बैसोनि 285 मिलियन गथफोरखौ दाजाबदेरनानै 2 बिलियन सुबुंफोरा आयदिन आंखालजों गोहोम खोक्लै जादों | It may also happen due to deficiencies of different nutrients, such as micronutrients, protein or energy. बेफोर रोखोम रोखोम निउत्रिएनत आंखाल जेरै मायक्रनिउत्रिफोर, प्रतिन एबा एनारजिनि थाखायबो जानो हागौ | Malnutrition may occur during several different periods of growth, such as pregnancy, during breastfeeding, infancy, or childhood. मेलनित्रिसना देरफुनाय बैसोनि गोबां समाव जानो हागौ, जेरै, गोरबोआव थानाय सम, आहार दौनाय सम, गोर्लै एबा उनदै सम | Many additional chemicals have been shown to be neurotoxic in laboratory models. आरोबाव गोबां रासायनफोरखौ लेबरेतरि मदेलफोराव बिसगोनां होन्ना दिन्थिनाय जादों | Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy is associated with increased activity, decreased attention, and diminished intellectual abilities. गोरबो थानाय समाव बिमायारि थांखु सोबनाया बारा खामानि मावनाय, खम गोसोहोनाय आरो खम मेलेमजिबि गोहोजों सोमोनदो दङो | Micronutrient deficiencies (e.g. in iodine and iron) influence the development of intelligence and remain a problem in the developing world. मायक्रनिउत्रिफोर खहा जानाया सोलो जौगानागयाव गोहोम खोक्लैयो आरो जौगालु बुहुमनि मोनसे जेंना जानानै थायो | More speculatively, other nutrients may prove important in the future. जोबोर गोथौवै सान्ना नायोब्ला गुबुन निउत्रिएन्तफोरा इउनाव गोनांथाखौ फोरमान खालामनो हागौ | Most of this can explain by the very large increase for a subgroup of the children, presumably because these were not adequately nourished unlike the majority. बेनि बांसिनानो गथफोरनि दालाय हानजानि थाखाय जोबोर गुवार बांनायखौ बेखावनो हायो, मानोना आगुवै हमनालानाय बादियै बिसोर बांसिन अनजिमामोन बादियै थोजासे जोथोन होजायाखैमोन | Neighborhood risk has been related to lower school grades for African-American adolescents in another study from 2006. 2006 नि आरोबाव मोनसे नायनिजिरनाय बायदिब्ला खाथि खालानि खैफोदखौ, आफ्रिका-आमेरिकानि जोहोलावफोरनि हायनाय फरायसालि थाखोफोरजों रुजुजादों | On the disease front, malaria affects 300–500 million persons each year, mostly children under age five in Africa. आफ्रिकानि बेरामखौ नायोब्ला, बोसोरफ्रोमबो 300-500 मिलियन सुबुंफोरा मेलेरियाजों गोहोम खोक्लै जायो, जेराव बांसिनानो 5 बोसोर बैसोनि दुइसिन गथफोर | One study from developing country, Guatemala, found that poor growth during infancy, rather than low birth weight, was negatively related to adolescent performance on cognitive and achievement tests. जौगाफु हादोरा गुवातेमालाखौ नायबिजिरनायाव मोनदों दि जोनोम समाव अजननिख्रुय, गोर्लै समाव खम देरनायहा, जोहोलावनि सानगोहो आरो मोनथाय आनजादफोरजों गाज्रि सोमोनदो दङो | Overall, studies investigating whether cognitive function in already iron-deficient children can be improved with iron supplements have produced mixed results, possible because deficiency in critical growth periods may cause irreversible damage. सिगांनिफ्रायनो आयरन खहा जानाय गथफोरनि सानगोहो हाबाया आयरन साप्लिमेन्तफोरजों फाहाम जानायनि मोनसे गासै नायबिजिरनायाव गलाय गथाय फिथाय मोनदों मानोना अलखद देरफुनाय समाव जानाय खहाया सोलायफिन्नो हायै हानि खालामनो हागौ | Policies to manage lead differ between nations, particularly between the developed and developing world. लिदखौ सामलायनायनि थांखिया हादोरफोरनि गेजेराव गुबुन गुबुन, थियै जौगासार आरो जौगालु हादोरफोरनि गेजेराव | Policy recommendations to increase availability of micronutrient supplements have been made and justified in part by the potential to counteract intelligence-related developmental problems. मायक्रनिउत्रिएनत साप्लिमेन्तफोरनि बांसिन मोन्नो हानायनि थांखि बाख्नायनाया दिहुन नाय जाबाय आरो गियान सोमोन्दै जौगानाय जेंनाखौ होबथानो हानाय गोहोनि थाखाय थार होन्ना फोरमान मोनदों | Preventable causes of low intelligence in children include infectious diseases such as meningitis, parasites, and cerebral malaria, prenatal drug and alcohol exposure, newborn asphyxia, low birth weight, head injuries, and endocrine disorders. गथफोरनि खम गियाननि होबथाजाथाव जाहोनफोराव बारस्लायग्रा बेरामफोर जेरै मेनिनजायतिस, पेरासायतफोर आरो सेलेब्रेल मेलेरिया, जोनोमनि सिगां द्राग लानाय आरो जौ लोंनाय, जोनोम जागोदान एसफिक्सिया, जोनोम समाव अजन खम जानाय खरआव दुखुमोन्नाय आरो एनदक्रायनाव बेले बेजेफोरा थाफादेरो | Recognition of these risks has led to evidence-based programmes of prevention, such as elimination of lead additives in petrol. बेफोर खैफोदनि सिनायथियानो फोरमान गोनां होबथानाय हाबाफारिफोर जेरै पेत्रलनिफ्राय लिद एदितिबफोरखौ होखारनायाव दैदेनदों | Several factors can lead to significant cognitive impairment, particularly if they occur during pregnancy and childhood when the brain is growing and the blood-brain barrier is less effective. गोबां जाहोना गोनां सानगोहो खहायाव दैदेननो हागौ, थियै बिसोर गोरबो थानाय समाव जायोब्ला आरो उनदै बैसोआव जाब्ला मेलेमा देरफुदों आरो थै मेलेम हेंथाया खम गोहोम गोनां | Several studies from developed nations have found that with the exception of extreme intrauterine growth retardation also affecting brain growth, and hypoxic injury, IUGR seems to have little or no measurable effect on mental performance and behavior in adolescence or adulthood. जौगाफु हादोरफोरनि गोबां नाबिजिरथिफोरा मोनदोंदि जोबोर एंगारनायजों इसिंफिसाखवारि खहा जानाय बांथायाबो मेलेम जौगानायखौ गाज्रि खालामो आरो हायपजिक जकम, आय. इउ.जि.आरहा सेंग्रा एबा बेसोगोरानि मेलेमारि मावफुंनाय आरो आखलाव एसेबो एबा जेबो सुथावना जाउन गैया बादि नङो | Several studies with better design have shown substantial benefits. साबसिन महरनि गोबां नायबिजिरनाया थार मुलाम्फा मोनदों | Since mother's IQ was predictive of whether a child was breastfed, the study concluded that "breast feeding [itself] has little or no effect on intelligence in children." मानोना बिमानि आय किउआ दिन्थिखादों दि गथआ आहार मोनजादों ना मोनजायाखै , नायबिजिरनाया बेसेयावनो फोजोबाय दि आहार दौनाया गथनि गियानाव इसे एबा जेबो जाउन गैया | Since SES correlates with IQ, this may have hidden an effect caused by the undernutrition. मानोना एस.इ.एस हा आय किउजों सोमोन्दो दङो, बेफोर निउत्रिसन गैयैनि जाहोननि जाउनखौ दोनखुमानो हागौ | Skin whitening products, which a majority sold in Asian nations contain mercury or hydroquinone, are also very harmful to the brain development of fetuses in pregnant women. एसियानि हादोरफोराव बांसिनै फानजानाय बिगुर फुरहोग्रा मुवाफोराव मारकुरि आरो हायद्रकुइनन थायो जायफोरा गोरबो थानाय हिनजावनि गथनि मेलेम जौगानायनि थाखायबो जोबोरैनो गाज्रि | Skin whitening products; often contain toxic chemicals, such as mercury and hydroquinone, as the active ingredient. बिगुर फुरहोग्रा मुवाफोराव, बांसिन समावनो बिसगोनां रासायन थायो जेरै मारकुरि आरो हायद्रकुइनन जायफोरा गोनां मुवा | Studies shown that an increase in 100 micrograms of mercury in blood decreases IQ by an average of 14 points in children. थैयाव 100 मायक्रग्रामफोरनि मारकुरि बांनाया गथनि आय किउखौ गर 14 अनजिमा फाहायो होन्ना मोनसे नायबिजिरनाया दिन्थिदों | Such impairment may sometimes be permanent, sometimes be partially or wholly compensated for by later growth. बेबायदि खहाया माब्लाबा अरायसमनि थाखाय, माब्लाबा दसेल एबा गासैबो खहाया उननि देरबोनायाव सुफुं जायो | The article notes that children are more vulnerable and argues that new, precautionary approaches that recognise the unique vulnerability of the developing brain are needed for testing and control of chemicals in order to avoid the previous substantial before starting restrictions on usage. लिरबिदाङा दिन्थियोदि गथफोरा बांसिन गाग्लोब जाथाव आरो जुक्ति होयोदि बाहायनायाव हेंथाफोरखौ जागायनाय सिगां आगु थारखौ नेबसिनो थाखाय रासायनफोरनि आनजाद आरो होबथाथिनि थाखाय जौगाफु मेलेमनि मोनसेल गाग्लोबथावनाखौ सिनायथिनो गोदान आगु सांग्रांथि राहाफोरा गोनांथि | The authors concluded that cannabis does not have a long-term effect on intelligence. केनाबिफोरा गियानाव गोलाव सम जाउन गैया होन्नानै लिरगिरिफोरा फोजोबो | The causal mechanism and direction of causation is unknown. जाहोन मेकानिजोम आरो बेनि बिथोना मिथिजायाखै | The effects of mercury poisoning and hydroquinone poisoning, such severe mental and physical disorders have resulted from the use of mercury-containing and hydroquinone-containing cosmetic products, including skin-whitening products. मारकुरि बिस नांनाय आरो हायद्रकुइनन बिस नांनायनि गोहोमफोरा, बिगुर फुरहोग्रा मुवाफोरखौ लाफादेरनानै मारकुरि गोनां आरो हायद्रकुइनन गोनां कस्मेटिक मुवाफोरनि बाहायनायाव गोब्राब मेलेम आरो देहा गाज्रि जानायनि फिथायखौ होदों | The impact of health on intelligence is one of the most important factors in understanding human group differences in IQ test scores and other measures of cognitive ability. मानसि हानजानि आय-किउ आन्जाद बिबां आरो गुबुन सानगोहोनि राहायाव गोरोबलोयैखौ मिथिना मोन्नायाव गियानाव देहानि गोहोमा मोनसे जोबोर गोनां जाहोन | The longstanding belief that breastfeeding correlates with an increase in the IQ of offspring was challenged in a 2006 paper published in the British Medical Journal. गोबाव समनि फोथायनाय दि गथनि आय किउखौ बांहोयोया 2006 आव ब्रितिस मेदिकेल जरनलाव लेखा फोसावजानायजों बादाय जादोंमोन | The prevalence was even higher previously since the worldwide prevalence of stunting is declining by about half of a percentage point each year. बबेखानि गोसारथिया आगोलाव बांसिनमोन मानोना बुहुमनाङै जौनो रोङैनि गोसारथिया बोसोरफ्रोमबो से जौखोनदो बिबांनि खावसेफ्राम खमायगासिनो खमायगासिनो दङो | The results indicated that mother's IQ, not breastfeeding, explained the differences in the IQ scores of offspring. जाउनफोरा दिन्थिदों दि बिमानि आय किउ, आहार दोवैआ, गथनि आय किउआव गोरोबैखौ फोरमान होदों | The results of this study argued that prior studies had not allowed for the mother's IQ. बे नायबिजिरनायनि जाउना जुक्ति होदों दि आगोलानि नायबिजिरनायफोरा बिमानि आय किउखौ गनायाखैमोन | The study controlled for sex, race, region, poverty, parent education and marital status, ferritin, and blood lead concentration. सेक्स, फोलेर, ओनसोल, आंखाल, पेरेनतेल सोलोंथाय आरो मेरितेल स्तेतस, फेरितिन, आरो थैआव लिद थानायखौ नायबिजिरनाया सामलायदों | The study reported that exposure to violence and trauma-related distresses in young children were associated with substantial decrements in IQ and reading achievement. नायबिजिरनाया फोरमायथिदोंमोन दि हिंसा-हिंसि नुजाथिनाय आरो उनदै गथफोरनि खस्तजों सोमोन्दो गोनां नारसिनथायफोरा आय किउ आरो जाफुंसार फरायनायाव गुवै खमायलांनायजों सोमोन्दो दंमोन | The study suggests that parents of schoolchildren whose academic performance is substandard would be well advised to seek a nutritionally oriented physician for assessment of their children's nutritional status as a possible etiology. नायबिजिरथिया बिथोन होयोदु फरायसालि गथफोरनि बिमा- बिफाफोरखौ, जायफोरनि सोलोंथाय मावफुंनाया गाहायमानथाखो, जाथाव बादियै गावसोरनि गथपोरनि निउत्रिसनेल मानथाखोनि बेसेनथि खालामनायनि थाखाय निउत्रिसनेलाव गोसो होनाय देहाफाहामगिरिनाव हेफाजाब जानो मोजाङे बिथोन होनाय जायो | The subjects were exposed to famine prenatally but not after birth. During the famine, births decreased more among those with lower SES, whereas after the famine, there was a compensatory increase in births among those with lower SES. आयदाफोरा आंखालाव जोनोमनि सिगां दिन्थि जादोंमोन, जोनोमनि उनाव नङा, आंखाल समाव जोनोमफोरा एस.इ.एस. खम गोनांफोरनाव खमसिनमोन बबेखानि आंखालनि उनाव खम एस.इ.एस. गोनांफोरनाव जोनोमा खहा सुफुंनाय महरै बांदोंमोन | The use of skin whitening products is especially popular in Hong Kong. बिगुर फुरहोग्रा मुवाफोर बाहायनाया जरखायै हंकंआव मुंदांखा | The use of some skin whitening products, unusually popular amongst Asian women, has detrimental effects toward IQ. माखासे बिगुर फुरहोग्रा मुबाफोर बाहायनाया सरासनस्रायै एसियानि आयजोफोरनि गेजेराव मुंदांखा जायहा आय किउनि थिंजाय खहा गोनां जाउन दङो | These include laws requiring fortification of certain food products and laws establishing safe levels of pollutants (e.g. lead, mercury, and organochlorides). बेफोर आयेन लाफादेरो जाय माखासे आदार मुवा बुथुमनायखौ नागिरो आरो आयेनफोर जाय गुबुंले खालामग्रा मुवाफोरनि खैफोद गोयै थोरफोखौ गायसनो | They were less likely to have children with low verbal IQ, motor coordination and behavioral problems. जानो हागौ बिसोरहा खम वरबल आय किउ गोनां, मटर कअरदिनेसन आरो आखुय़ारि जेंनाफोर गोनां खम गथफोर मोन्नो हागौ | Those with the "G" version have no IQ advantage. जायफोरहा जि भारजन दङो बिसोरहा जेबो आय किउ मुलामफा गैया | Two studies in Chile on 18 years old high-school graduates found that nutritional status during the first year of life affected IQ, scholastic achievement, and brain volume. चिलेनि 18 बैसो बोसोरनि हाय स्कुल ग्रेजुएतफोरनाव खालामनाय मोन्नै नायबिजिरनायाव मोन्दों दि जिउनि से बोसोरनि निउत्रिसनेल थोरफोआ आय किउआव स्कलासतिक मोनफुंनाय आरो मेलेम बिबांआव गोहोम खोक्लैयो | Under nutrition during pregnancy, and other factors, may cause intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), which is one cause of low birth weight. गोरबो थानाय समाव निउत्रिसन मोनै आरो गुबुन जाहोनफोरा इनत्रउतेरिन देरबोनाय रितारदेसननि (IUGR) जाउन जानो हागौ जाया जोनोमाव खम अजननि मोनसे जाउन | Use of leaded gasoline has been reduced or eliminated in most developed nations, and lead levels in US children have been substantially reduced by policies relating to lead reduction. बांसिन जौगासार हादोरफोरा लिद गोनां गेसलिन बाहायनायखौ खमायबाय एबा नागारबाय, आरो इउ. एस गथफोरनि लिद खमायनाय सोमोनदो थांखिफोरजों थारैनो खमायबाय | Violence may have a negative impact on IQ, or IQ may be protective against violence. हिंसा-हिंसिया आय किउआव गाज्रि गोहोम खोक्लैनो हागौ एबा आय किउआ हिंसा हिंसिनि हेंथायै रैखोगोनां जानो हागौ | Vitamin B12 and folate may be important for cognitive function in old age. बोराय बैसोनि सानगोहो हाबायाव भितामिन बि12 आरो फलेत गोनां जानो हागौ | When applied, mercury and hydroquinone absorbs through the skin into bloodstream. मारकुरि आरो हायद्रकुइननखौ जेब्ला फुनो बेयो मोदोमनिफ्राय सोबनानै थैसिम सहैयो | A child below five years should be given milk and not skimmed milk. बा बोसोरनि दुइसिन गथनो गायखेर होनांगौ आरो सर बोखाङै गायखेर नङा | A child must have about ½ litre of milk products per day. सासे गथआ सानसेयाव खावसे लितारनि गायखेरनि मुवाफोर जानांगौ | A less than 5 percentile BMI will mean that the child is underweight. बा जौखोन्दो नि खमसिन बि. एम. आया गथखौ अजन खम होनना अंथि होगोन | Among male babies born between 28 and 32 weeks, the mortality rate was .73 percent among those age one to 5.9, and .37 percent among those age six to 12.9. 28 आरो 32 सफथाफोरनि गेजेराव जोनोम मोन्नाय हौवा गथफोरनि गेजेराव, थैनायनि हारा सेनिफ्राय 5.9 बोसोर बैसो गेजेराव .73 जौखोनदो आरो दनिफ्राय 12.9 बोसोर बैसो गेजेराव .37 जौखोनदोमोन | Among the premature boys, those born between 22 and 27 weeks had a mortality rate of 1.33 percent between the age of one and 5.9 years; and 1.1 percent between the age of six and 12.9 years. बैसो सिगां जोनोम मोन्नाय हौवासाफोरनि गेजेराव, जायफोरा 22 आरो 27 सफथानि गेजेराव जोनोम मोनदोंमोन, थैनायनि हारा सेनिफ्राय 5.9 बोसोर बैसो गेजेराव 1.33 जौखोनदो आरो दनिफ्राय 12.9 बोसोर बैसो गेजेराव 1.1 जौखोनदोमोन | Any dietary supplement should be taken only on doctor's advice. जायखिजाया आदार साप्लिमेन्तखौ दक्टरनि बोसोनावसो जानांगौ | As adults, men and women who were born at 22 to 27 weeks gestation had a rate of reproduction of 13.9 and 25 percent respectively. बैसोगोराफोर बायदियै होवाफोर आरो हिनजावफोर जाय गोरबोआव थानायनिफ्राय 22 निफ्राय 27 सपथायाव जोनोम जादोंमोन बिसोरनि जोनोम होफिन्नायनि बिबांआ 13.9 आरो 25 जौखोन्दो फारियै जायो | Avoid bringing home ice-cream, cakes, and readymade baked goodies. नआव आय्स क्रिम, केकफोर आरो बानायखानाय सावनाय मुवाफोर लाबोनायखौ नागार | Avoid foods with empty calories like cold drinks, potato chips or junk food. केलरि गोयै आदारफोर जेरै कल्द द्रिंकफोर, आलु चिपफोर एबा दस्रा मुवाखौ नागार | Breakfast is a very important meal because it is the body's fuel for the day ahead. फुंनि खाजाया जोबोर गोनां आहार, मानोना बेयो गासै दिननि मोदोमनि बोलोनि खामानि होयो | Carrots, spinach, lean meats, whole-wheat bread are some nutritional foods. गाजरफोर, स्पिनेच, खम बेदरफोर, गासै गम ब्रेदफोरा माखासे निउत्रिसन गोनां आदार | Chart a diet management plan with the help of your doctor. गावनि दक्टरनि हेफाजाबजों मोनसे आदार सालायग्रा बिथांखि चार्त बानाय | Children adapt and grow in response to their environment regardless of their biological or genetic attributes. गावसोरनि बायलजिकेल एबा बंसआरि जाहोनफोर थासेयावबो गथफोरा गावसोरनि आबहावानि फिनजाथायावसो थावरियो आरो देरो | Children are more different than similar in terms of how many ways they will adapt to a given experience. मोनसे होजानाय रोंमोनदांथियाव बिसोर बेसेबां लामाफोरजों नाजावगोन बे बेलायाव गथफोरा एकेनिख्रुइ बांसिन आलादा जायो | Children are very aware and sensitive to the stress in family life. नखर जिउखुंनायाव जानाय खस्ट थिंजाय गथफोरा जोबोर सांग्रां आरो थद गोनां | Children differ tremendously yet are alike in many ways. गथफोरा गोख्रोंयैनो गुबुन गुबुन जायो अब्लाबो गोबां खोथाफोराव रोखोमसे | Children often like to take up new activities, and it shouldn't be too much of a challenge. गथफोरा बांसिनैनो गोदान खामानि मावनायनि गोसो थायो आरो बेयो बांद्राय जुजिनायाव जानो नाङा | Choose more of calorie-packed foods that have nutrients, too. केलरि गोनां आदार जायहा निउत्रिएन्तफोरबो दङोखौ बांसिन सायख | Controlling your child's diet and weight is largely in your hands as a parent. नोंनि गथनि आहार आरो अजनखौ साम्लायनाया बिमा-बिफा जानानै गाहायै नोंनि आखायावनो दङो | Cook simple and full of Vitamin recipes with your child. गावनि गथनि थाखाय गोरलै आरो भितामिन गोनां आदारफोर सं | Discuss various sporting options with your child beforehand, so she has a choice in the sport she takes up. बायदि रोखोमनि गेलेनायखौ गावनि गथजों आगोलावनो सावरायखा, जाहाथे बि लानाय खेलाखौ बियो सायखनो हायो | Do not cook fruits since the essential vitamin C is lost. फिथायफोरखौ दासं, मानोना गोनां भितामिन सिआ गोमायो | Do not overcook vegetables, they lose their nutritive value. मैगंफोरखौ दासंब्रे, बेसोर गावसोरनि निउत्रिसनखौ खोमोयो | Doing so is one way to ensure your child ensures that she makes staying fit and exercising regularly a priority in her life. बिबायदि खालामनाया नोंनि मोनसे राहा जेजों थार खालामनो हागोन दि नोंनि गथ थार खालामो दि मोजां थानाय आरो सामफ्रोमबो बियाम खालामनायखौ गावनि जिउनि गोनांसिन बानायो | Encourage your child to take participation in sport activities. गावनि गथखौ गेलेनाय खामानिफोराव बाहागो लानो थुलुंगा हो | Environment strongly influences a child’s personality, moods, behaviors, and relationship patterns. थासारिया सासे गथनि सुबुंसार, मुद, आखलफोर आरो सोमोन्दो महराव गोख्रों गोहोम खोक्लैयो | Female babies born between 28 and 32 weeks showed no notable rise in mortality risk. 28 आरो 32 सबथानि गेजेराव हिनजावसा गथफोर जोनोम जानायहा मर्तालिति खैफोदाव जेबो मुंख जाथाव दावखोनाय दिन्थियाखै | For girls, the mortality rate among 22-27 week preemies was 1.71 percent between the ages of one and 5.9 years old, or 9.7 times higher than normal babies. हिनजावसाफोरनि थाखाय, 22- 27 सफथा बैसो सिगां जोनोम मोन्नाय गथफोरनि गेजेराव थैनाय हारा से आरो 5.9 बोसोरनि गेजेराव 1.71 जौखोनदो एबा नरमेल गथपोरनिख्रुइ 9.7 गुन बारामोन | For those born between 28 and 32 weeks, their reproduction rate was 38.6 and 59.2 percent respectively. जायफोरा 28 आरो 32 सबथाफोरनि गेजेराव जोनोम मोन्दोंमोन,बिसोरहा जोनोम होफिन्नायनि हारा फारियै 38.6 आरो 59.2 जौखोन्दो जादों | Forget about three heavy meals a day for your delicate child. नोंनि गोरलै गथनि थाखाय साननि खनथाम आदार जाहोनायखौ बावगार | Go for good fats like vegetable oils, olive oil instead of processed butter or margarine. फारिखान्थियै दिहुनजानाय माखन एबा मारगेरिननिख्रुइ मोजां थाव गोनां मैगं, अलिब थावफोरखौ ला | Heavy snacks between meals should be avoided as they spoil the child's appetite. आदार जानायनि गेजेराव गोबां रेजें खाजा जानायखौ नागारनांगौ However, if you child still does not gain weight gradually even after proper nutritional intake, your doctor would test him for underlying medical problems. बबेखानि नोंनि गथआ मोजां निउत्रिसन गोनां मुवा जानायनि उनावबो लासैयै अजन बाङाखैब्ला, नोंनि दक्टरा बिखौ माबाफोर मेदिकेल जेंनानि थाखाय आन्जाद नायगोन | If no one in your family is physically active it may not be easy to push her in that direction, but do try and get her interested. नोंनि नखराव रावबो सोलेरारियै मावथि नङाब्ला बिखौ बि लामायाव नारहरनो गोरलै जाया जानो हागौ, नाथाय नाजाबायथा आरो बिखौ गोसो गोनां जाहो | If you let her try her hand at more than one sport at a time, something like tennis and swimming, your child may show an obvious aptitude and liking towards one sport, which you can then help her focus on. बिखौ खन्सेयावनो मोनसेनिख्रुइ बांसिन जेरै तेनिस आरो सानस्रिनाय गेलेनायाव नों नाजानो होयोब्ला, नोंनि गथआ मबेबा मोनसे थिंजाय गोसोजानाय आरो लुबैनायखौ दिन्थिनो हागौ, जायखौ अब्ला नों बिखौ गोसो होनायाव हेफाजाब होनो हागोन | If your child doesn't want to have another fried pakora, let her be. नोंनि गथआ आरोबाव एवनाय पकरा जानो गोसो गैयाब्ला, बिखौ दाजाहो | If your child is a fussy eater, try to make his meals more attractive by giving him foods like milkshake, pudding, ice-creams etc. नोंनि गथआ बासिनानै जाग्राब्ला बिनो मिल्क सेक, पुदिं, आय्स क्रिमफोर आरो बायदि बायदि आदार होनानै बिनि आदारफोरखौ बांसिन मुहिगोनां बानाय | If your child is a poor eater, invite some other children over during mealtimes who are of the same age and are good eaters. नोंनि गथआ मोजाङै जायाब्ला, बिनि समान बैसोनि आरो मोजाङै जाग्रा माखासे गथफोरखौ आदार जानाय समाव लिंहर | If your child is fit and healthy, and is growing and gaining weight as expected, do not fuss about his eating. नोंनि गथआ फिट आरो देहागोना, आरो बियो आसा खालामनाय बायदियै देरदों आरो अजन बांदोंब्ला, बिनि जानायखौ दाबासि | If your child is over weight, reduce the use of cooking oil. नोंनि गथआ अजन बाराब्ला, संनायाव थाव बाहायनायखौ खमाय | Intersperse small meals with soups or light snacks like chips and biscuits with vegetable toppings. फिसा आदारफोरखौ सुप एबा रेजें खाजाफोर जेरै चिप्स आरो बिसकितजों मैगं तपिंफोरजों रान्नानै हो | It is always better to give your child juices instead of colas. नोंनि गथनो कलाफोर होनायनिख्रुइ फिथायनि बिदै होनाया जेब्लायबो साबसिन | It is better to offer him fruits and sandwiches instead of cakes and chocolates. केक आरो चकलेतनि सोलायै बिनो फिथायफोर आरो सेन्दविचफोर जासिनाया साबसिन | It is better you waste it than it lands up in your child's stomach. बेयो नोंनि गथनि उदैयाव सहैनायनिख्रुइ नों बिखौ गारनाया साबसिन | It never ceases to amaze me when I see people forcing others to eat fattening sweets, when they are trying to stick to eating healthy. बेयो आंनि सोमोनायखौ मोब्लाबाबो थामायाखैमोन जेब्ला आं गुबुनफोरखौ मेजेम गोनां मिथायफोर जानो नारसिनग्रा मानसिफोरखौ नुयो, जेब्ला बिसोर साबसिनखौ जानो नांथाबनो नाजागासिनो दङो Keep some roasted cashew nuts or peanuts as munchies for hunger pangs. हरखाब उखैनायनि थाखाय माखासे सावनाय काजु बादाम आरो बादामफोरखौ मानचिस बायदियै दोन | Make puri/egg rolls with stuffings of mashed potatoes with peas, grated carrots and chopped beans. आलु बाथोनजों मटर, हाफ्लेनाय गाजरफोर आरो हासनाय सबाय बिमाफोरखौ सोनानै पिउरि एबा दावदैनि रल बानाय | Many children may be slow climbers on their growth chart but gradually overcome the problem. बांसिन गथफोरानो देरनायनि चार्तआव लासैयै गाखोयो जानो हागौ नाथाय लासैयै बिलोरो बे जेंनाखौ बारगयो | Mealtimes should be enjoyable and you should talk about things other than food. जानाय समा रंजाथाव जानांगौ आरो जानायनि अनगायै नों गुबुन खोथा रायलायनांगौ | Milk and milk products are an important source of energy, proteins, calcium and vitamins. गायखेर आरो गायखेरनि मुवाफोरा बोलो, प्रतिन, केलसियाम आरो भितामिनफोरनि मोनसे गोनां फुंखा | No deaths were recorded among premature girls between six and 12.9 years. 6 आरो 12.9 बोसोरनि गेजेराव बैसो जास्लाबै हिनजावसाफोरनि थैनायनि जेबो लिरना दोन्नाय गैया | No matter how much you long for your child to be slimmer, don't keep telling her to lose weight. नोंनि गथखौ नों जेसेबांबो हामजानो लुबैया मानो,बिखौ अजन खमायनो दाथोनबाय दाथा | Not many parents are unduly worried when they find out that their child is fat. माखासे बिमा बिफाफोरा गावनि गथखौ फुंनाय नुब्ला गाज्रियै जिंगासि जाया | Obstetric ultrasounds are most commonly performed during the second trimester at approximately week 20. अबस्तेत्रिक आलत्रासाउन्दखौ नैथि त्रायमेसतारनि 20 सपताफ्रामाव बांसिन सरासनस्रायै मावफुंनाय जायो | One prenatal practice is for the expecting mother to consume vitamins with at least 400 mcg of folic acid to help prevent neural tube defects. भितामिनजों 400 एम. सि. जिनि फलिक एसिद जानाया गोरबो थानाय बिमाफोरनि जानामनि सिगांनि मोनसे सर जाय निउरेल तिउब गाज्रि जानायखौ होफथायो | Out of the total, 60,354, or 5.2 percent, were born prematurely, defined as being born up to 37 weeks after conception. गासै बिबां 60,354 एबा 5.2 जौखोनदोआ बैसो जास्लाबैयाव जोनोम जायो, फोरमान होयो दि गोरबो थानायखौ मोनदां हानायनि 37 सपथा उनाव | Parenting can be complicated and is frequently a difficult job. बिमा बिफा जानाया जोथोन गोनां आरो गले गलेयै गोब्राब हाबा जानो हागौ | Parents are often unable to see themselves or the impact of their behavior because they are unknowingly reminded of their own childhood. बांसिन समाव बिमा बिफाफोरा गावसोरखौ एबा गावसोरनि जाउनखौ नुनो हाप्लाङा मानोना बिसोरो मोनथि जायालासै बिसोरनि असे उनदै समजों गोसोखां हो जायो | Parents often believe that forcing their child to eat more and more is a sign of their love. बिमा बिफाफोरा बांसिन फोथायो दि गावसोरनि गथखौ बुरजा जानो नारसिन्नाया बिसोरनि अन्नायखौ बुरजासिन दिन्थियो | Perhaps you can meet up with friends who are very physically active or whose children play a particular sport. जानो हागौ नों लोगोफोरजों लोगोलालायनो हायो जायफोरा देहायारियै जोबोर मावथि एबा जायफोरनि गथपोरा मोनसे जरखा खेला गेलेयो | Physical examinations generally consist of collection of (mother's) medical history सोलेरारि आन्जादफोरा सरासनस्रायै (बिमानि) मेदिकेल जारिमिन बुथुमनाय थायो | Prematurely born babies run a higher risk of infant death and lower fertility rates when they become adults than babies that are born at full term, according to a study published Tuesday. मंगंलबार नायबिजिरनाय फोसावनाय बायदिब्ला बैसो जास्लाबैयाव जोनोम जानाय गथफोरनाव गोरलै थैनायनि खैफोदा बांसिन आरो बिसोरनि जौगासारनाय हारा बैसोगोनां जाब्ला गथफोर जाय आबुं समाव जोनोम जादों बिसोरनिख्रुइ खमसिन | Prenatal care refers to the medical care recommended for women before and during pregnancy. जोनोमनि सिगांनि जोथोनखौ, गोरबो थानायनि सिगां आरो गोरबो थानाय समनि हिनजावफोरनि थाखाय गनायथि होनाय मेदिकेल जोथोनखौ बुङो | Pretty soon not only is your child going to turn a deaf ear to your pleas, but she will also develop a strong sense of insecurity. थाबैनो नोंनि गथआ नोंनि गुरैयै खावसायनायखौ खोनासंनायल नंला नाथाय बियो रैखाथि गोयैनि मोनदां गोहोबो जौगा होगोन | Researchers at the Duke University medical school in the southeastern state of North Carolina studied 1.16 million birth in Norway between 1967 and 1988 and followed the subjects through 2002. खोला सानजा हादोरसा, साहा केरलायनानि दिउक मुलुकफरायसालि मेदिकेल फरायसालिनि नायबिजिरग्राफोरा नरवेनि 1967 आरो 1988नि गेजेरनि 1.16 मिलियन जोनोमखौ नायबिजिरदोंमोन आरो आयदाफोरखौ 2002सिम उनसंदोंमोन | Routines, meal-time happy conversations, dressing up boring meals are some ways that encourage better eating habits. मावफारि जानाय समाव गोजोन सावरायनायफो, बाथाव आदारफोरखौ साजायनायफोरा मोजां जानाय हुदाखौ थुलुंगा होनायनि माखासे लामा |ो Serve soya bean chunks or bit-size boiled vegetables like carrots, broccoli along with a cheese dip or fondue. सयाबिन थुख्राफोर एबा जाजाथाव अरथाय रुनाय मैगंफोर जेरै गाजरफोर, ब्रकलिखौ गायखेर मिखि एबा पनदुजों हो | She will then automatically be more particular about the food she eats - it all goes with the lifestyle. बियो अब्ला गावनो गाव मा आदारफोर जादोंखौ थि सिन जागोन- बेफोर गासिबो जिउराहाजों दावबायो | Slightly more boys were born premature than girls (5.6 percent to 4.7 percent), which reflects the larger ratio of male births, said the study which appears in the March 26 edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association. एसे बांसिन हौवासाफोर हिनजावसाफोरनिख्रुइ आगुयै जोनोम नोमदों ( 5.6 जौखोनदोनिफ्राय 4.7 जौखोनदोसिम ) जाय हौवा जोनोमफोरनि गुवार रुजुथायखौ दिन्थियो, बिजिरनाया बुंदोंमोन जाय आमेरिकान मेदिकेल एससिएसननि लाइसिनि मार्स 26 बिसानाब नुजादों | So don't keep pushing food down her throat, especially food that is fattening. अब्ला बिनो आदार जानो नारसिनबाय दाथा, अरखायै आदारफोर जायफोरा मोदोम देरहोयो | Some children do indeed grow out of their baby fat as they grow older, but many do not. माखासे गथफोरा जेब्ला देरो, थारैनो गावसोरनि गोरलै मेजेमनिफ्राय देरो नाथाय बांसिना बिदि नङा | Some children may seem especially difficult for a particular parent to handle. माखासे गथफोरा खायसे बिमा-बिफानि थाखाय जरखायैनो साम्लायनो गोब्राब जानो हागौ | Some parents mistakenly believe that by cooking ghee, oil-rich and sugar-laden food for their families, they are somehow proving their love to them. माखासे बिमा-बिफाफोरा गोरोन्थियै फोथायो दि गावसोरनि नखरनि थाखाय घि संनाय, थाव बुरजा आरो सिनि-गोनां आदारफोरा बिसोरनो गावसोरनि अन्नायनि फोरमान होयो | Studies in Canada and the United States have shown that communities in rural areas as well as minorities are less likely to have available prenatal care and also have higher rates of infant mortality and miscarriage. केनादा आरो इउनायतेत स्तेतनि नायबिजिरनाया दिन्थिदों दि गामि ओनसोलनि सुबुं समाज आरो बेजों लोगोसे खम अनजिमा थानाय हारिफोरा जोनोमनि सिगांनि मोन्नो हाथाव जोथोनफोरखौ खम मोनो आरो गोरलै थैनाय आरो फेलें जानायनि बांसिन हार दङो | Supplement energy foods with nutrient dense foods. बारायना होनो थाखाय बोलो होग्रा आदारफोरजों निउत्रिएन्त रोजा आदारफोर हो | That risk was 2.5 to 2.3 times higher than babies born at term. खैफोदा गथफोर आबुं समाव जोनोम जानायनिख्रुइ 2.5 निफ्राय 2.3 अनजिमासिम जौसिन | The aim of good prenatal care is to detect any potential problems early, to prevent them if possible (through recommendations on adequate nutrition, exercise, vitamin intake etc), and to direct the woman to appropriate specialists, hospitals, etc. if necessary. मोजां जोनोम सिगां जोथोननि थांखिया जादों थाबैनो जानोहाथाव जेंनाफोरखौ संदांननाय, हाथावनाब्ला बेफोरखौ होबथानाय ( थोजासे निउत्रिसन, बियाम, भितामिन लानाय बायदिनि सायाव गनायथिफोर होनायनि गेजेरजों ) आरो नांगौ जायोब्ला आयजोखौ आरजाथाव जुनिफोरखौ देहाफाहामसालिफोराव दैथायनाय | The availability of routine prenatal care has played a part in reducing maternal death rates and miscarriages as well as birth defects, low birth weight, and other preventable infant problems in the developed world. जोनोम सिगां जोथोननि थोजासे मावफारिया जौगासार बुहुमाव बिमायारि थैनाय हारफोर आरो रानाय सिगां जोनोम होनायजों लोगोसे जोनोम गोरोनथिफोर, खम जोनोम लितथाय आरो गुबुन गुबुन होबथायाव खुदिया जेंनाफोरखौ खमायनायाव मोनसे बिबान मावफुंदों | The less you stock at home, the less your child will have. जेसेबां खम नों नआव बुथुमना दोनगोन, एसेबां खम नोंनि गथआ जागोन | The skin of many vegetables is rich in vitamins and minerals, so offer fresh fruits to the child with their skins. गोबां मैगंफोरनि बिगुरा भितामिनफोर आरो मिनारेलफोर गोनां जायो, बेनि खायनो, नोंनि गतनो बिगुर गोनां फिथाय जानो हो | There are other parents that go overboard, and keep giving their children what they think are encouraging words of advice, by telling them that they should watch what they eat, control their diet, exercise more and so on, over and over and over. गले गलेयै गावसोरनि गयफोरखौ गावसोर मा जायो बेखौ नायनो, बिसोरनि दायेतखौ दबथायनायनो गोबां बियाम खालामनो आरो बायदि बायदि बाय़्राफोरखौ बुंनानै, गावसोर सान्नाय थुलुंगा गोनां बिथोनफोरखौ होग्रा, गुवार जायगा गिदिंग्रा बिमा बिफाफोर दङो | These men and women had also a 76 and 67 percent probability of not reproducing at comparable rates to adults born at full term. बिसोर हौवा आरो हिनजावफोरनि जोनोम होफिन्ननो हायैखौ, बैसोजानाय समाव जोनोम जानाय मानसिफोरजों रुजुजानायाव बिबांआ 76 आरो 67 जौखोनदो मोनदों | They think of it as baby fat, which the child will soon lose as he grows into an adult. बिसोरो बिखौ गोरलै बैसोनि मेजेम सानो जेखौ गथआ बैसो जानाय जाब्ला थाबैनो खोमागोन | Try and disassociate serving food with proof of love or proof of your household skills. आदार होनायखौ अन्नायनि फोरमान एबा मावरोंथायनि फोरमान होनोयजों नाजा आरो गुबुन- गुबुन खालाम | Try and get her involved in a sport when she is still very young. जेब्ला बियो उनदैयैनो दङो नाजा आरो बिखौ मोनसे गेलेनायाव सरजाबफा | Try banana shakes, fruit custard and creamed soups for your child’s nutrition. नोंनि गथनि निउत्रिसननि थाखाय थालिर शेकफोर, फिथाइ कासतार्द आरो क्रिम गोनां सुपफोर नाजा | Ultrasounds are considered relatively safe and have been used for over 35 years for monitoring pregnancy. आलत्रासाउन्दफोरखौ रुजुजाथाव महरै खैफोद गोयै होन्ना गनायदों आरो बेयो 35 बोसोरनि बांसिननि थाखाय गोरबो थानायखौ आन्जाद नायनायाव बोहोय जाबाय | Unpolished rice or par-boiled rice is better than polished rice. फलिस खालामै मायरं एबा समान संनाय मायरंआ फलिस खालामनाय मायरंनिख्रुइ साबसिन | Use less of sugar, salt and refined flour (maida or all-purpose flour) preparations. सिनि, संख्रि आरो साफा खालामखानाय गमखौ (मैदा एबा गासै खामानिनि गम) खम बाहाय | Wherever possible, use jaggery instead of sugar, since it is very high in iron. सिनिनि जायगायाव गुरखौ जेब्लानो हायो बाहाय मानोना बेयो आयरन गोनां | While availability of prenatal care has considerable personal health and social benefits, socioeconomic problems prevent its universal adoption in many developed as well as developing nations. जेब्ला जोनोम सिगांनि जोथोनहा गनायथाव गावयारि देहा आरो समाजारि मुलाम्फाफोर दङो, समाज गंखान्थि जेंनाफोरा गोबां जौगासार लोगोसे जौगाफु हादोरफोराव बेनि सरासनस्रा नाजावनायखौ होबथायो | Whole milk, dairy products, nuts and unskinned potatoes are some high calorie foods with nutrients. गासै गायखेर, गायखेरनि मुवाफोर, बादामफोर आरो बिगुर लेबै आलुफोरा माखासे गोबां केलरिजों निउत्रिएन्त गोनां खाजा | Without being vocal about your intentions, start stocking up on healthy snacks. नोंनि लुबैनायफोरखौ बुङालाबानो गोग्गो रेजें आदारफोरखौ बुथुमनो जागाय | You are causing more damage to her self-esteem than you realize. नोंनि बुजिमोन्नायनि बांसिन नों बिनि मानाव गाज्रि जाहोन खोक्लैगासिनो दङो | You should control your child's intake of sweets, biscuits, chocolates, cakes, colas, etc. because sugar is a major cause of tooth decay. नों नोंनि गथनि गोदैफोर, बिसकुटफोर, चकलेटफोर, केकफोर, कलाफोर बायदि बायदि जानायखौ साम्लायनांगौ मानोना सिनियानो हाथाय सेवनायनि गुवै जोहोन | Your baby’s BMI (body mass index) will be calculated. नोंनि गथनि बि. एम. आयखौ अनजिमा सानजागोन | Your child's weight and height will be taken into account and compared to standard growth charts. नोंनि गथनि अजन आरो जौथाया सानजागोन आरो गुन थाखो जौथाय चार्तफोरजों रुजुजागोन | Your doctor will recommend a higher calorie intake. नोंनि दक्टरा बांसिन केलरि जानायनि बोसोन होगोन | Your pediatrician or physician will be the best person to answer that your child is underweight. नोंनि पेदियात्रिसियान एबा फिजिसियानानो नोंनि गथनि अजन खम जानायनि फिनखौहोग्रा साबसिन मानसि जागोन | Your physician might ask you to boost his nutrient and calorie intake. नोंनि फिजिसियाना नोंनि निउत्रिएन्त आरो केलरि जानायखौ बारायनो थिन्नो हागौ | 71 women's community based organisations are becoming involved in health/development activities. स्निजिसे आयजोफोरनि समाजारिनि दाथायफोरा सोलेरारि/दावगानाय खामानिफोराव बाहागो लाफागासिनो दङ। A co-ordination of the four factors - menstrual period (rithu), the womb (kshetra), nutrient liquid (rasa ambu), and healthy semen (beeja shukra), and observance of a proper regimen are necessary for the conception and development of a healthy child. मोनब्रै गोहोमफोरनि गोरोबथिआ- दानआरि गनाय सम, फिसाख, निउत्रिएन्त बिदै आरो बेरामगैयै आथोन दै आरो आरजाथाव देहा जौथाय नेमखौ नोजोर होनाया, गोरबो थानाय आरो देहा गोनां गथ फेदेरनायाव गोनां । Aachaaryaas have stressed two points while describing the factors responsible for a proper conception and the birth of a healthy child. आचार्यफोरा आरजाथाव गथ थानाय आरो देहागोनां गथनि जोनोमनि बिबां गोनां गोहोमफोरखौ जेब्ला बेखेवदों अब्ला मोननै बिबांआव गोनांथिखौ दिन्थिदों । According to a recent report of the Indian Council of Medical Research the current maternal mortality rate is 4 - 7 per 1000 live births. भारत आफादनि मेदिकेल नायबिजिरनायनि बावैसोनि फोरमायबिदां बायदिब्ला, आथिखालनि बिमायारि थैथाय बिबांआ 1000 गोथां जोनोमनि 4-7। According to Aayurvedic Philosophy the human body is composed of five mahaabhoothas. आयुरबेदनि सानथौ बिगियान बायदिब्ला सुबुं सोलेरा मोनबा माहाभुताफोरजों दाजानाय । After the completion of eighth month the foetus is mature enough for delivery i.e. from the first day of the ninth month one should be prepared for delivery at any time. गोरबोआव थानाय फिसाया दाइन दाननि उनाव जोनोमनि थाखाय थोजासे देरो, गु दाननि से साननिफ्रायनो सासेया जायखिजाया समाव जोनोम होनायनि थाखाय थियारि जानानै थानांगौ । Almost all these studies suffer from the limitation that the "evaluation" of the Local practices has been done invariably only from the point of view of modern medicine. फ्राय नैबे गासै नायबिजिरनायफोरा सिमा सिङाव थानायनिफ्राय भुगियो दि जायगायारि हुदाफोरनि बेसेन सुनायफोरा अरायसमाव आथिखालनि मुलि नोजोरजोंल खालामजादों । At present there are number of studies and surveys available which has gathered information on the local practices in the area of Mother and Child Health. आथिखालाव गोबां बिबांनि नायबिजिरनायफोर आरो सुनायफोरा मोनथाव,जायफोरा जायगायारि हुदाफोरनि बिमा आरो बिसानि देहा ओनसोलनि खौरां बुथुमदों । Attraction for each other and happiness of mind are essential for the birth of a healthy child and that is why our aachaaryaas have stressed on such points. सासेया सासेनि थाखाय गोसोबोकथाबलायनाय आरो गोसोनि रंजानायफोरा देहा गोनां गथ जोनोम होनायनि थाखाय गोनांथार आरो बेनि थाखायनो जोंनि आचार्यफोरा बेफोर खोथायाव नारसिनदोंमोन । Better all round healthcare and awareness of health needs of pregnant women and children less than five years. गोरबो थानाय हिनजाव आरो बा बैसोनि दुइसिन गथफोरनि गासै देहा जोथोन आरो देहा गोनांथिनि सांग्रांथिखौ साबसिन खालाम । Both husband and wife wearing white apparel and garlands, with happiness of mind and an attraction for each other should enter into cohabitation. फिसाय आरो बिसि सानैबो गोसोआव रंजानाय लानानै आरो सासेया सासेजों गोसो बोकथाबलायनाय आरो गुफुर खसाब गानाया थाजाबलायनायाव हाबनांगौ । Cases commonly referred are difficult delivery cases/complications; severe anaemia, other maternity and child cases needing referral, family planning operations. जाथायफोर बांसिनै मुंख जानायफोरा गोब्राब जोनोमनि जाथायफोर/गोरा; गोब्राब थैगैयै बेराम, गुबुन बिमाथि आरो गथ जाथायफोर फोरमायजानो गोनां, नखर बिथांखि मावफुंनायफोर । Children adapt and grow in response to their environment regardless of their biological or genetic attributes. गथफोरा गावनि जिबियारि एबा सोरजियाव गोसोहोआलासै थासारिनि फिनजाथायजों गोरोबो आरो देरो । Children differ tremendously yet are alike in many ways. गथफोरा गोख्रोंयै गुबुन गुबुन जायो नाथाय गोबां खोथायाव गोरोबलायो । Cohabitation during the daytime is held to be harmful. सान समाव थाजाबलायनायखौ खहा खालामो होन्नाय जादों। Combat ignorance, superstition, and low level of literacy especially among women, which compounds health problems, feeding prejudices and harmful practices. आयजोफोरनि गेजेराव अगियानथि, गोथेफोथायारि आरो गाहाय बिबांनि लेखा रोंनायजों जुजि, जायफोरा देहा जेंनाफोर, दौनाय खहा आरो खहा गोनां हुदाफोरजों बेंगिदिं जायो । Control of preventable diseases (e.g. diarrhoea, malaria), especially in women and and children. जरखायै आयजोफोर आरो गथफोरनाव होबथानो हाथाव बेरामफोरखौ दबथाय (बिदिनथि बायदियै दैयरिया आरो मेलेरिया )। Decrease in anaemia and iron deficiency in women and children through nutritional supplements including iron; majority of women receiving pregnancy care and safe delivery. हिनजावफोर आरो गथफोरनाव थैगैयै जानाय बेराम आरो आयरन खम जानाया निउत्रिसनेल साप्लिमेन्त जेरै आयरनजों खम जादों ; बांसिन आयजोफोरा गोरबो थानाय जोथोन आरो खैफोद गोयै जोनोम मोनदों । During the rithu kaala the woman should avoid sleeping in the daytime, anointing the body, running, hearing loud sounds, indulging in upavaasa or any heavy and strenuous work. दानआरि गनाय समाव आयजोफोरा सान समाव उनदुना, मोदोम नानाय, खारनाय, गोबार रिंसार खोनासंनाय, लगन थानाय एबा जेबो गिलिर आरो कस्ट गोनां खामानिखौ नागारनांगौ । Elimination of malnutrition through better nutritional interventions for children and pregnant women. गथफोर आरो गोरबो थानाय आयजोफोरनो साबसिन निउत्रिसन गोनां सोदेरनायफोरजों आदार आंखालखौ होखार । Factors related to the previous birth are bakthi, good conduct, memory, cleanliness, charity, courage, feebleness, wealth, wavering mind and jealously. सिगांनि जोनोमफोरजों सोमोनदो गोनां जाहोनफोरा बाकथि, मोजां दैदेननाय, गोसोखांनो हानाय गोहो, मैलागैयै, दान होनाय, साहस, लोरबां जानाय, धोन, मावबाय थानाय गोसो आरो मेगन सानाय । Features development from the aatma are birth in a specific species, knowledge about oneself, manas, respiration, retention and ejaculation of respiration and flatus, appearence, voice, specific complexion, happiness, sorrow, longing and hatred. आतमानिफ्राय महर मोखांफोर बारायनाया थि जिबाव जोनोम जानाय, गावनि बारै गियान, मानाफोर, हां लानाय, हां लानायखौ हमथानाय आरो गारनाय आरो दाब्ले जानाय, महर, गारां, थि गाब, रंजानाय, दुखु नांनाय, हासथायनाय आरो नायनो बानाय । Focused attention to reducing the incidence of anaemia. थैगैयै जानायनि जाथाय खमायनायाव गोसो हो । For three days after the appearance of the menses the young wife should avoid cohabitation, should sleep on a grass mat (made of kusha grass), eat mild food like plain rice, from small earthen vessels. दानारि थै गनाय नुनायनि उनाव सानथामनि थाखाय लायमोन बैसोनि बिसिया थाजाबनायखौ होबथानांगौ, गांसोनि दाहारायाव उनदुनांगौ (कुशा गांसोजों बानायजानाय), हानि दोनिफ्राय गुरै आदार जा जेरै ओंखामगोजा । Growth of community based institutions that will initiate and take responsibility for healthcare and other development needs of the community. समाजारि आफादफोरनि दावगानाय जायफोरा देहा जोथोन आरो समाजनि गुबुन दावगानाय गोनांथिफोरखौ जागायगोन आरो बिबान लागोन। Hence for baby to be born with all the good qualities it is essential that all these factors viz., the mother, father, rasa (the product of digestion of the mother’s food) the aatma etc. Should be in good state. बेबिखायनो खुदियाआ गासैबो मोजां गुनफोरजों जोनोम जानायनि थाखाय बेफोर जाहोनफोरा गोनांथार जेरै, बिमा, बिफा, रस (बिमानि हजम जानायनि मुवा), आत्मा बायदि बायदिफोरा मोजां थासारियाव थानांगौ | Hence, to have a healthy child the contributing factors viz. shukra and aarthava, should be in their normal healthy state. बेनिखायनो, देहा गोनां गथ मोन्नो थाखाय हेफाजाब होगिरि जाहोनफोरा, जेरै, शुक्रा आरो अर्थवाया गावनि नेमनि मोजां थासारियाव थानांगौ | His Royal Highness, the Prince of Wales visited Kutail Gamri village, one of the 35 villages adopted by Pfizer for the Mother and Child Primary HealthCare Community based program in rural Haryana. राजायारि मानाव गेदेर, वेलनि राजखुंगुरा कुतैल गाम्रि गामियाव फैदोंमोन जाय बिमा आरो गथ देहा जोथोन समाजनि थाखाय प्फिजरजों नाजावजानाय थामजिबा गामिफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे, जाय हाबाफारिया हारियानानि गामियाव जादोंमोन | However, it is equally possible that ISMs themselves can benefit by systematically observing various local practices - some of these cannot be readily comprehended in the light of the theory of ISMs. अब्लाबो, बेयो समानथियैनो जानो हागौ दि आय.एस.एम.एसआ गावसोरनो जायगायारि हुदाफोरखौ खानथि गोनाङै नायनानै मुलामफा लायो- बेनि माखासेफोरा आय.एस.एम.एस बुंफुरलुनि सोराङाव थाबैनो मिथिजोब जाया। Immunisations now cover over 98% of the children in these target villages. खैफोदगोयै खालामनायखौ बे थांखि लाजानाय गामिफोराव दा 98% नि बांसिन गथफोरनो होनो होयो | Impoverished villagers are trained for healthcare and rural development activities as health workers, midwives, motivators and community organisers. गामिनि गरिब मानसिफोरा देहा जोथोन आरो गामियारि जौगाथायनि खामानिफोर जेरै देहानि मावग्राफोर, गथ जोनोमाव हेफाजाब होग्रा, थुलुंगा होग्राफोर आरो समाजारि फसंथांगिरिफोराव सोलोंथाय मोनदों| In 1986 the Lok Swaasthya Parampara Samvardhan Samithi (LSPSS) had decided to hold a convention on the theme of - "Mother and Child Health in Traditional Medicine". 1986आव, लक स्वासथ्या परमपरा सामवारधान समिथिया गोदोनिफ्रायनो बाहायजानाय मुलियाव बिमा आरो बिसानि देहा गुबै आयदायाव जथुम्मा लानायनि थिरां खालामदोंमोन| In 1989 December a National Convention was organised on the theme of "Mother and Child Health in Traditional Systems of Medicine". दिसेमबर 1989आव गोदोनिफ्रायनो बाहायजानाय मुलियाव बिमा आरो बिसानि देहा गुबै आयदायाव मोनसे हादोरारि जथुम्माखौ हानजा दाजादोंमोन | In November/December 2001, Pfizer India had supported a survey, which was conducted by the Voluntary Health Association of India, (VHAI) in the 35 identified villages. नबेमबर/ दिसेमबर 2001 आव, प्फिजर भारता मोनसे नायबिजिरनायखौ हेफाजाब होदोंमोन, जाय थामजिबा गामिफोरखौ सिनायथिदोंमोन जाया भलुनतारि हेलथ एससिएसन अफ इनदियाजों दैदेन जादोंमोन | In this convention presentations were made regarding various themes relating to the subjects from the view point of Aayurveda and independently from the viewpoint of modern medicine. बे जथुम्मायाव आयुरबेदनि नोजोरजों आरो उदांयै आथिखालनि मुलिनि नोजोरजों सोमोनदो गोनां गोबां गुबै-आयदाफोरजों सोमोनदो गोनां आयदाफोरनि सायाव फोरमान होनाय जादोंमोन। It is advised that the man and woman should be of different gothras or clans and only then the child born to them would be healthy and strong. बियो बोसोन होजानाय दि हिनजाव आरो हौवाया गुबुन गथ्रानि एबा फोलेरवि जानांगौ आरो अब्लालनो बिसोरनि गथ जोनोम जागोना देहा गोनां आरो बोलोगोरा जागोन | It is most important that the man and wife are both in a good mental state i.e. with feelings like - anger, fright, jealousy or hatred. बियो जोबोरैनो गोनां दि फिसाय आरो बिसि सानैहाबो मोजां गोसो थायो जाया गोसोथि जेरै रागा, गिनाय, मोननो लुबैनाय एबा नायनो बानाय | It is of course obvious that the interaction between the Lok Swaasthya Paramparaas and the ISMS has to be in the nature of a dialogue. बियो नंथारगौयैनो रोखा दि लक स्वासथ्या परमपराफोर आरो आय.एस.एम.एसनि गेजेरनि रायलायनायनि रोखोमा सावरायनाय बाथ्रा बायदिसो जानांखागौ | Local practices that were recorded during the LSPSS Survey as well as other surveys in the literature have been commented upon. जायगानि हुदाफोर जायफोरखौ एल.एस.फि.एस.एस. नोजोर होनाय समाव लिरना दोनजादोंमोन आरो बेजों लोगोसेयै थुनलाइयाव गुबुन जरिप खालामनायफोरा बिबुंथि होजादोंमोन | LSPSS was decided that a detailed survey would be undertaken to elicit information regarding various traditional practices in the area of Mother and Child Health. एल.एस.फि.एस.एस.या थिरां खालामदोंमोन दि मोनसे गुवारै नोजोर होनायखौ लानाय जागोन जाय बायदि रोखोमनि गोदोनिफ्रायनो सलिबायथानाय गथ आरो बिमानि देहा ओनसोलनि हुदाफोरनि खौरांखौ बखगोन | Measurable results at the end of a 3-year period will show improvements in infant and maternal mortality. थाम बोसोर जोबनाय समा गोरलैनि जौगानायफोर आरो बिमायारि थांथिनि सुजाथाव जाउनफोरखौ दिनथिगोन | Mobile Health Teams provides treatment of common diseases and a village level referral centre, and also technical backup for the primary level team of village based health workers. गिदिंबायथाग्रा देहा हानजाफोरा जाबायथाग्रा बेरामफोरनि थाखाय सिकितसा आरो मोनसे गामि थाखोनो फोरमायहरजाग्रा मिरु होयो, आरोबाव गामिनि देहा फाहामगिरिफोरनि गिबि थाखोनि हानजानो आरोंदायारि सहाय हरो | Most of these studies have been done by practitioners of modern systems of medicine, with training in fields like Nutrition, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Pediatrics and Community Health. नैबेनि बांसिन नायबिजिरनायफोरखौ आथिखाल आदाबनि मुलि फोलांगियारिफोरा निउत्रिसन, अबस्तेत्रिकफोर, गायनकलजि, पेदियात्रिकफोर आरो समाजारि देहानि ओनसोलाव सोलोंथाय लानानै खालामदों | On the fourth day she should have abhyanga snaanam (head-bath after applying oil) and water apparel. ब्रैथि सानाव बियो आभग्या स्नानम खालामनांगौ(थाव फुननायनि उनाव खर सुनांगौ)आरो दैनि खसाब | On the one hand the input from ISMS can help us to make an assessment and evaluation of the Lok Swaasthya Parmaparaas - this would help to strengthen these traditions by confirming what sound is, complete what is incomplete and to identify any distortions. आरो फारसेथिंजाय आय.एस.एम.एसनि सोनाय जाउना लक स्वसथ्य परमपराखौ बिजिरनायाव आरो बेसेन सुनायाव जोंनो हेफाजाब होयो- रिंसारा मा,बेखौ रोखा खालामनायजों, जाया जोबाखै बेखौ फोजोबनाय आरो बोखे-बोखा जानायखौ सिनायथिनायजों बे गोदोनिफ्रायनो सलिबोनायखौ बोलो होगोन। One such example is the study of traditional child rearing practices of Nepal. बेबायदिनि मोनसे बिदिनथिया जाहैदों नेपालनि गोदोनि गथ फेदेरनाय हुदाखौ नायबिजिरनाय। Parenting can be complicated and is frequently a difficult job. बिमा बिफा जानाया बांसिन समाव जेंना गोनां आरो गोब्राब खामानि जानो हायो | Pfizer has adopted 35 villages in rural Haryana for a Primary Healthcare Program. प्फिजरआ हरियानायाव थामजिबा गामिफोरखौ गिबि देहायारि जोथोन हाबाफारिनि थाखाय नाजावबाय । Pfizer has been supporting the Arpana Research and Charities Trust, in rural Haryana, since June 2002, for a three-year term, with the objective of conducting an effective Mother and Child Primary Health Care initiative to reduce anaemia in pregnant women and adolescent girls. गोरबो गोनां बिमा आरो देरफुनाय गथनाव थैगैयै जानायखौ खमायनायनि थांखिजों, फिथाइ गोनां बिमा आरो बिसानि गिबि देहायारि जोथोन जागायनायखौ दैदेननो थाखाय जुन 2002निफ्रायनो,थाम बोसोरनि समनि थाखाय प्फिजरा हरियानानि गामिनि अपरना नायबिजिरनाय आरो चेरिति त्रस्तखौ हेफाजाब होगासिनो दङ । Pneumonia and other chest conditions; diarrhoea with extreme dehydration; and renal and other stones endemic in the area. निउमनिया आरो गुबुन बिखानि थासारि, दायरियाजों गोब्राब दै गैयै जानाय; आरो हासुदै लामा आरो बे ओनसोलाव जाबायथाग्रा गुबुन अनथाय। Prevent the growing incidence and burden of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. जौनाय जाथायखौ आरो आथोन गेलेनायाव सननाय बेरामनि बिबानखौ होफथा । Primary Healthcare Program also promotes community health covering diarrhoea management, antenatal care, child nutrition, immunisation etc. गिबि देहायारि हाबाफारियाबो दायरिया सामलायनाय, एनतिनेतेल जोथोन, गथनि निउत्रिसन, बेरामगैयै खालामनाय बायदि बायदि लाफादेरनानै समाजारि देहा जौगाहोयो। Primary Healthcare Program provides services for women and girls (including reproductive health care and care of adolescent girls) and child care services. गिबि देहायारि हाबाफारिया आयजोफोरनो आरो हिनजावसा गथफोरनो खामानि (फिन जोनोम होनो हानाय देहा जोथोन आरो देरफुनाय हिनजावसा गथनि जोथोनखौ लाफादेरनानै) आरो गथ जोथोननि खामानि जगायो । Primary Level - Village Health Workers: Community based preventive health services, implemented by closely knit teams of primary level community workers from villages, including the traditional midwife. गिबि थाखोनि – गामि देहा फाहामगिरिफोर: समाजारि देहानि बादाहोग्रा खामानिफोर, गोदोनि जोनोम होनायाव हेफाजाब होग्रा गामिफोरनि गिबि थाखोनि समाजारि खामानि मावग्राफोरनि खाथिनि खौसेथिजों मावफुंजादों । Prince Charles visits Pfizer’s Community Health Care Project in Haryana during his recent visit to India in October 2003. राजखुंगुर चार्ल्सआ प्फिजरनि हरियानानि समाजारि देहा जोथोननि बिथांखिखौ गावनि भारतनि बावैसो सिगां अक्टबर 2003नि बेरायफैनायाव नायहैयो । Prince Charles, walked through the streets of the village, visited several houses and interacted with a number of people, including women and children. राजखुंगुर चार्ल्सआ, गामिनि लामाफोरजों थाबायदों, गोबां नफोराव थांदों आरो हिनजावफोर आरो गथफोरखौ लाफानानै गोबां सुबुंफोरजों रायलायदों। Reduction in child and maternal mortality is a target of the programme. गथ आरो बिमायारि थैनायखौ फाहायनाया बे हाबाफारिनि थांखि । Secondary Level - Mobile Health Teams: Mobile clinics, linked to the referral base, visit all the project villages monthly to deliver a wide range of health care services for mother and child, including immunisation, and family planning components. नैथि थाखोनि - गिदिंबाय थाग्रा देहा हानजाफोर: गिदिंबायथाग्रा फाहामसालि, फोरमान हरजानाय जायगाजों सोमोनदो गोनां, हाबाफारि गामिफोराव बेराम गोयै, आरो नखर बिथांखिनि मुवाफोरखौ लाफादेरनानै गुवार रोखोमनि बिमा आरो गथनि खामानि होनो थाखाय मासमोनफ्रोमबो थां । She should not pare her nails, should not wipe or apply collyrium. बियो गावनि आसुगुरखौ हासनो नाङा, हुगारनो नाङा आरो कलिरियाम फुननो नाङा । Smaller families that would ensure better living standards. फिसासिन नखरफोर, जायफोरा साबसिन थांनानै थानाय गुन थाखोफोरखौ थार खालामो। Some of the mental faculties are also derived from the previous birth (poorva jenma vaasana). माखासे मेलेमनि गोहोफोरा सिगांनि जोनोमनिफ्राय मोनो (पुर्न जनमा वासना)। Some of the qualities of a person are derived from saathmya, satwa and rajas. मानसिनि माखासे गुनफोरा साथम्या, सत्वा आरो राजासजों मोनो । Studies that have evaluated these practices from the perspective of Indigenous Systems of Medicine (ISM) are quite rare. नायबिजिरनायफोर जायफोरा बे हुदाफोरखौ जायगायारि मुलि खानथिनि नुथायनिफ्राय बेसेन सुदोंमोन बेयो इसे मोननो गोयै। Substantial immunisation coverage; growth monitoring of children; and identification and management of infectious diseases, diarrhoea, childhood pneumonia, etc. थार बेरामगोयै फुवारनाय; गथफोरनि जौनायखौ नोजोर होनाय: आरो सनदेरग्रा बेरामफोरखौ सिनायनाय आरो सामलायनाय, दायरिया, गथ समनि निउमनिया, बायदि बायदि । Such practices need to be studied further and understood. बेबायदि हुदाफोरा आरोबाव नायबिजिरजानांगौ आरो बुजिजानांगौ। Tertiary Level - Referral to the 170-bed Arpana Hospital: Patients and pregnant women are referred to the hospital by midwives and health workers who are based at the target villages. थामथि थाखो - सेजौ स्निजि-बिसना गोनां अरपना हसपितालाव फोरमाय हरनाय: बेरामिफोर आरो गोरबो गोनां आयजोफोरा जोनोम होनायाव हेफाजाब होग्राफोर आरो देहा फाहामगिरिफोर, जायफोरा बे थांखि गामिफोरनि हसपितालाव दङफोरजों फोरमाय हरजाबाय । The Arpana Research and Charities Trust was founded in 1980, specifically for promoting health and rural development. अरपना नायबिजिरग्रा आरो चेरिति त्रस्ता, रोखायै देहा जौगानाय आरो गामि देरनायनि थाखाय 1980 आव गायसन जादोंमोन । The Arpana Research and Charities Trust’s uniqueness is its composition of approximately 70 people of diverse nationalities and religions who have pledged themselves to a singular purpose – Rural health care. अरपना नायबिजिरग्रा आरो चेरिति त्रस्तनि मोनसे गुबुन गुना बेनो दि बेनि फ्रायै स्निजि सुबुंफोरनि सुजुनाया गुबुन गुबुन हादोर आरो धोरोमनिफ्राय जाय गावसोरजों-गाव मोनसे थांखिनि थाखाय समाय लायो- गामि देहा जोथोन । They differ emotionally and in their temperament based on their place in the family, their biology, as well as the culture and the experiences in which they are raised. बिसोरनि नखरनि थानाय जायगा, बिसोरनि जिबिआरि, आरो हारिमु आरो देरफुनाय समनि रोंमोनदांथिफोरजों बिसोरो गोसो आरो गावसोरनि आखल आखुफोराव जुदा जायो । The factors contributed by saatmya are freedom from diseases, absence of idleness, absence of greed, normal voice, normal complexion, normal seed, constant happiness, brain, perspicuity of indriyas, high quality of ojas, longevity, strength and energy. बेरामफोरनिफ्राय उदां मोननाय, अलसिया गोयै, लुबैनाय गैयै, सरासनस्रा गारां, सरासनस्रा महरनि गाब, सरासनस्रा बेगर, दिदोम रंजानाय, मेलेम, इनद्रियाफोरनि साननायखौ रोखायै फोरमायनाय, गोजौ गुननि अजाफोर, गोलाव जिउ, बोलो आरो गोहोआ सातम्याव हेफाजाब होग्रा जाउनफोर। The first twelve nights after the cessation of the menstrual flow are considered to be the proper (best) period for conception. आथोनारि थै गनाय थाबथानायनि उननि सिगांनि जिनै हरखौ गथ थानायनि साबसिन सम होननानै बुंनाय जादों। The following are some of the key findings, with the improvements achieved by the end of the second year and the targets for the third year, i.e., 2004. गाहायनि माखासेफोरा गोनां नागिरना मोननायफोर, जायफोरा नैथि बोसोरनि जोबनायाव साबसिन मावफुं होदों आरो थामथि बोसोरनि थाखाय थांखिफोर, जाया 2004। The incidence of low birth weight in infants is 35 to 45%. गोर्लैफोरनाव जोनोम लितथायनि जाथाया 35 निफ्राय 45 %। The infant mortality rate is 90 per 1000 live births. गोर्लै थांथि बिबांआ 1000 जोनोमाव 90। The information that was thus gathered was analysed and evaluated from the view point of Aayurveda. खौरां बुथुमजानाया बेबायदियै आयुरबेदनि नोजोरजों बिजिरजादों आरो बेसेन सु जादों। The marriageable age of the man and woman have also been specified as twenty years and sixteen years respectively for getting healthy progeny. हौवा आरो हिनजावनि हाबाजाथाव बैसोआबो नैजि बैसो आरो जिद बैसो फारियै थि खालामजाबायमोन, बिसोरो देहा गोनां गथ मोननाय बायदि। The parts derived from the father are hair (scalp), beard, moustache, body hair, teeth, bones, veins, tendons, arteries, semen and nails. बिफानिफ्राय मोननाय बाहागोफोरा जादों खानाय(खर मोदोम),साबदारि, दारि, मोदोमनि खोमोन,हाथाय, हारा, रोदाफोर,गोरा मोदोमफोर, रोदाफोर, आथोन दै आरो आसिगुरफोर। The Prasnopanishad states that "Praanam vaa ethy praskadanthi ye diva rathya sanyujanthe; brahmacharymeva tadyadrathrau rathya sanjujyanthe" i.e. "Those who cohabit with their wives in the daytime lose their vitality and those who restrict this to the night time remain brahmachaaris". प्रस्नपनिशदआ बुंदों दि जायफोरा गावनि बिसिजों सान समाव थाजाबलायो बिसोरो गावसोरनि जिउ गोहोखौ खोमायो आरो जायफोरा बेखौ हर समनि थाखाय सिमागोनां खालामो बिसोरो ब्रह्मचारि थायो। The prince also met the village's 20 midwives and saw how the Arpana Trust was working with locals to educate them in skills such as midwifery. राजखुंगुरा गामिनि जोनोमाव हेफाजाब होग्रा नैजि हिनजावफोरजोंबो लोगो लादों आरो अरपना त्रस्ता गामिनि सुबुंफोरखौ गोरोंयै माबोरै फोरोङो जेरै जोनोमाव हेफाजाब होनायखौबो नायदोंमोन। The program targets the reduction of anaemia in pregnant women, adolescent girls, and those with diseases linked to anaemia. हाबाफारिया गोरबो गोनां आयजो, देरफुनाय हिनजावसा गथफोरनाव थैगैयै जानायखौ आरो गुबुन बेरामफोर जाय थैगैयै जानायजों सोमोनदो दंखौ खमायनो थांखि लादों। The project covers 35 villages in and around Karnal district, Haryana, and a population of approximately 60,000 persons. बे हाबाफारिया हरियानानि करनाल जिलानि सिं आरो सा थानाय थामजिबा गामिफोरखौ लाफायो, जायहा फ्रायै दजि रोजा सुबुंनि अनजिमा दं। The purpose of this monograph is to present in a summarised form the traditional approach to - "Garbhini Charya”: the care of pregnant woman. बे बिजिरथिनि थांखिया गोदोनिफ्रायनो सलिनाय गरभिनि चर्या: गोरबो गोनां हिनजावनि जोथोन लानायखौ गुसुङै सिनायथि होयो। The qualities derived from the mother are: skin, blood, muscles, fat, umbilicus, hrudaya, pancreas, liver, spleen, kidney, urinary bladder and bone marrow. बिमानिफ्राय मोननाय गुनफोरा जादों: बिगुर, थै, मोदोमनि बेदरफोर, मेजेम, नारि, ह्रुदाया, आमायथु, बिखा, प्लिहा, गिला, हासुदै थाग्रा समफ्ल आरो बेगें सिंनि मज्जा। The rasajabhaavas are the origin of body or manifestation of different body parts, growth of body, attachment of life or strength with body, contentment nourishment, enthusiasm or zeal, energy or strength, health, unhealthy state, complexion, maintenance of body and greedlessness. रसाजाभवाफोरा मोदोमनि जागायजेननाय एबा मोदोमनि गुबुन गुबुन अंगनि फोरमायथिनाय, मोदोमनि देरनाय, जिउ एबा मोदोमनि बोलोनि रुजुनाय, गोजोनथाव खांनाय, गोसो जानाय एबा थुलुंगा खांनाय, गोहो एबा बोलो, देहा, देहा गोयै थासारि, मोदोमखौ सामलायनाय आरो लुबैनाय गोयै जानाय। The sources of these mahaabhoothas are said to be the mother, father, rasa and aatma. बिमा, बिफा, रस आरो आत्माखौ महाभुतानि फुंखाफोर होनना बुंनाय जादों। The subject of mother and child health begins very much earlier than the time of conception. बिमा आरो गथनि देहाया गोरबो थानायनि गोबाव सिगाङावनो जागायजेनो। The subject of Mother and Child Health is a very important one on which there is widespread traditional knowledge in the community. बिमा आरो गथनि देहाया मोनसे जोबोर गोनां आयदा, जायहा गुवारै फोसावजानाय समाजारि गियान दं। The training of dais is now an essential part of the maternal and child health programme not only in India but also in over fifty other countries. दायफोरनो सोलोंथाय होनाया दाना बिमायारि आरो गथनि देहानि हाबाफारिनि मोनसे गोनांथार बाहागो, भारतावलनो नङा नाथाय आरो बाजि गुबुन हादोरावबो। Thereafter the garbha is formed with all the gyaanendriyaas and karmendriyaas (sensory and motor organs) and endowed with the excellence of strength, complexion and mental faculties, by the time of delivery. बेनि उनाव गर्भआ गासै मोनदांथि आरो सालायनो हानाय देहानि अंगजों महर लायो आरो जोनोम जानाय समसिमाव बोलोनि मोजांसिन गुन, देहानि गाब आरो मेलेमनि गोहोफोरखौ मोनो। These workers help change practices in health, gender equality, environmental sanitation, mother and childcare, care of the handicapped, mobilisation of women, and increasing people's accessibility to education, employment, and income generation. बे मावग्राफोरा देहा, आथोन समानथि, थासारि लाखिनायनि गोनां राहा, बिमा आरो गथनि जोथोन, बेंगुरा जानायफोरनि जोथोन, आयजोफोरनि गोनां जाहोननि हानजा, आरो बांनाय सुबुंफोरनो सोलोंथाय मोननायनि लामा आरो खामायनाय सोमजिग्राखौ सोलायनायाव हेफाजाब होयो । This garbha is nourished by the wholesome rasa (final product of digestion of the mother’s food) and maintained by proper regimen (of the mother). बे गर्भआ गासै रसजों फेदेरजायो (बिमानि आदारनि हजम जानायनि जोबथा मुवा) आरो मोजां देहा जौगानायनि नेम खानथिजों सालायनांगौ (बिमानि)। This is also special in as much as it is here that Government has (however grudgingly) taken note of existence of Local Health Practitioners namely dais. बेबो बेबायदियै जरखा दि सरखारा ( जायखि जाया राजि गोयै ) बेयावहाय ओनसोलनि देहा फोलांगियारिफोर जेरै दायफोरनि थाथायखौ सिनायथि होदों। This is so, because the quality of the aarthava (the secretion of the female genital organs) and that of the shukra (the semen) are reflected in the product of conception. बेयो बेबायदि मानोना आर्थवा (आयजोनि आथोननिफ्राय गनाय बिदै)आरो सुक्रानि(हायना बिरजो) गुना गोरबोनि फिथायनाव नुयो। This is unique in the sense that this perhaps is the area where the largest body of specialised traditional health practitioners exist namely dais. बेयो बे खोथायाव गुबुन दि, बेयो जानो हागौ बे ओनसोलनि देरसिन आफाद जेराव गोदोनिफ्रायनो सलिनाय गोरों देहा फोलांगियारिफोर जेरै दाइफोर थायो। To maintain a healthy womb and normal aarthava one should observe certain regimen during the rithu kaala (during menstruation or menstrual periods). गोख्रों गोरबो आरो सरासनस्रा आर्थवा लाखिनो थाखाय सासेया आथोन थै गनाय समाव माखासे देहा जौगाहोग्रा नेम खानथिखौ नोजोर होनांगौ। We can find examples in epics like Mahabharatha about instances where the mother either due to aversion or due to fright is not in a balanced state of mind, resulting in the birth of defective children like Drutharashtra (who was born blind) and Paandu (who was born weak and defective). जों महाभारत सलफोराव बिदिनथि मोनो जेराव बिमाया मोजां मोनैनि थाखाय एबा गिनायनि थाखाय मोजां मेलेमनि थासारियाव थाया, जाय खहा गोनां गथफोरनि जोनोमखौ जाउन होयो, जेरै ध्रतरासत्र (जाय खाना जोनोम जादोंमोन) आरो पान्दु (जाय बोलो गोयै आरो खहा गोनां जोनोम जादोंमोन)। We hope that such an interaction will also infuse more dynamism into our ISMs and update their practice. जों आसा खालामो दि बेबायदि रायलायनाया जोंनि आय.एस.एमआव बांसिन बोलो बिगियानि थुलुंगा होगोन आरो गावसोरनि हुदाखौ समजों फोजौलांगोन। When the shukra (of a healthy man) comes into contact with the aarthava (of a healthy lady with unaffected garbhaashaya), during the fertile period, then the jeeva (soul) along with the mind descends into it to form the garbha. जेब्ला सुक्राया(सासे देहा गोनां हौवानि) आर्थवानि सोमोनदोआव फैयो(सासे देहा गोनां आयजोनि जायहा गर्भासयाव गोहोम खोकलै जायाखै), फिथाय गोनां समाव, जिउजों लोगोसे गोसोआ गाहायथिं गर्भनि महर लानो फैयो। While describing the contra indications of coitus Bhaavamisra includes cohabitation with a woman of the same gothra. जेब्ला आथनगेलेनाय भवामिस्राखौ बेखेवो बेयो एखे गथ्रानि हिनजावजों थाजाबलायनायखौ लाफादेरो। While enumerating the restrictions on who can be a marriage partner, the Dharmashaasthras also specify - "Asapindaa cha yaa mathurasagothra cha ya pithuh" i.e. "(One can marry a person who is not a sapinda to one's mother and not of the same gothra as one's father"). बे हेंथायाव दि सोर हाबानि बाहागोगिरि जानो हागोनखौ जेब्ला सुयो, धर्मसासत्रआबो फोरमान होयो दि, सासेया सासेखौ हाबा खालामनो हागोन जाय गावनि बिमानि सपिनद नङा आरो गावनि बिफानि एखे गत्रा नङा। A bright alert facial expression, smooth movement of hands and open “ohh” or “ahh” face shows that your baby is ready to play. मोनसे गोजों हुसियार मोखाङारि फाव, आखायफोरनि माहि सोमावनाय आरी “अह” एबा “आह” सिनाय मोखाङा दिन्थियोदि नोंनि खूदियाआ गेलेनी थियारि सै। A Care Coordinator will help plan for the discharge of your baby and will collaborate with other care providers to ensure a smooth transition from hospital to home. सासे जोथोन लोगो हेफाजाबगिरिआ गलांनायनि थाखाय बिथांखिखौ हेफाजाब हीगीन आरो देहाफामसालिनिफ्राय नसिम मीनसे माहि सोलायथिखौ रोखा खालामनो गुबुन जोथोन राहागिरिफोरजों हेफाजाब होलायगोन। A look of exhaustion or generally uncomfortable posturing indicates that your baby needs your assistance to get into a more comfortable position and get some rest. लोरबां जानाय नुनाया एबा साधारनै सुखुयै पेसना दिन्थयोदि नोंनि खूदियानो एसे गोबां गोजोन मोन्नो थाखाय आरो एसे आराम मोन्नो नोंनि हेफाजाब नांगौ। A physical assessment, hearing screen and other testing will assure your baby the best possible start. देहायारि बिजिरनाय, खोनास्रि फर्दा आरो गुबुन आनजादा नोंनि खूदियानि हामसिन जाथाव जाजेन्नायखौ थारै दिन्थिगोन। After you and your closest loved ones have welcomed your new baby into the world and spent time together in the birthing suite, you will be transferred to the Mother/Baby Care Center. जेब्लानिफ्राय नों आरो नोंनि आंगो मोजां मोन्नाय सोद्रामाफोरा नोंनि गोदान खुदियाखौ बुहुमाव बरायगोन आरो लोगोसे जोनोम होग्रा जायगायाव सम होलायगोन, नोङो बिमा/ खुदिया जोथोन मिरु आव बदलि जागोन। All babies have special ways of letting their caregivers know what they want and need. दुलाराय खुदियाफोरहा गावसिनि जोथोन होग्रा फोरखौ बिसोरनो मा नांगौ आरो लुबैदों मिथिहोनो असाधारन लामा दं। At home your baby should sleep on his back without toys or blankets near his face. न’आव नोंनि खुदियाआ बिखुं सायाव गेलेग्राफोर आरो मोखां खाथियाव ख्मबल गैयाजासे ऊदु नांगौ। At Memorial’s Children’s Therapy Center, your children are our first priority. खुदियाफोरनि मेमरियेल थेहरापी(therapy) मिरु आव, नोंनि खुदियाआनो जोंनि गिबि गोनांथि। Babies can calm and control extra movements and find support by bracing their feet against soft rolls, infant clothing or caregiver’s hands. खुदियाफ्रा एखुथा लोर सोर जानायखौ दिदोम आरो दबथायनो हायो आरो माहि फानफ्रेनायनि हेंथायै गावसोरनि आयथेंफोरखौ गोख्रों खालामनानै लाग्रो। Babies cry for many reasons – even preemies express hunger, need for a diaper change and need for holding with fussing and crying. खुदियाफ्रा गोबां जाहोननि थाखाय गाबो- समनि सिगां जानाय गथआबो उखैनाय फोरमायो, खिथाब सोलायजानो थाखाय आरो हमखां जानो थाखाय हसिख्रावो आरो गाबो। Babies use cycling of attention or withdrawing to sleep or just closing their eyes from time to time during interaction as a way to rest. खुदियाफ्रा गोसोहोनायाव सोलिनायखौ बाहायो एबा उन्दुनायखौ जायखारहोनो एबा जिरायनायनि राहा लामा बादियै रायज्लायनाय समाव गावसोरनि मेगनखौ सम सम बन्द’ खालामो। Babies who are comfortable have a look of calm restfulness and they have pink skin tones. जाय खुदियाफोरा गोजोन गोनां बिसोरो नायनो निजोम सान्थि आरो बिगुरा गलाफि गाब जोयो। Being familiar with general cues and then recognizing and responding to your baby’s special communications will help you care for your baby in NICU and when you go home. नों जेबोला नआव आरो अब्ला नोंनि खुदियानि गुबै रायज्लायनायखौ सिनायनानै आरो फिन्नाय मोन्नानै नोंनि खुदियाखौ NICU आव जोथोन लानायाव हेफोजाब होगोन। By working with local schools and other community organizations, MCTC reaches thousands of children in a variety of settings, to offer improved independence and a better quality of life. जायगानि फरायसालि आरो गुबुन समाज आफादफोरजों लोगोसे मावनानै, रोखोमथा नुथायआव जौगानो उदांस्रि आरो मोनसे हामसिन गुण गोनां जीउ होनो थांखिआव MCTC आ रोजासे खुदियाफोर सौहैबाय। Children’s Therapy staff members also provide world-class care to kids throughout the community. खुदियाफोरनि थेहरापी(therapy) मावथि हानजा सोद्रामाफोराबो समाजमोनफ्रामबो खुदियाफोरनो बुहुमआरि थाखो जगायो। Communications from babies born very early are often read through the heart and respiration monitors in the NICU. जोबोद सिगां जोनोम जानाय खुदियाफोरनि रायज्लायनायखौ बांसिनानो बिक्का आरो हां लानाय मनिटरनि NICUआव फरायनाय जायो। Continue below to learn more about our comprehensive obstetrical programs, our skilled medical personnel, and our caring nursing staff. जोंनि गासैबो अबसथेथ्रिखोल(obstetrical) हाबाफारि, जोंनि देहाफामसालिनि रोंगुन बिबानगिरि, आरो जोंनि मावथि हानजा अनसुलि जोथोनगिरिनि सोमोन्दै बांसिन सोलोंनो गाहायाव नायलां। Each milestone in your baby's progress is captured in a personalized book to which parents, nurses, therapists and others may contribute. नोंनि खुदियानि जौगानायनि मोनफ्रामबो थार अब्सथाया व्याक्तिगत बिजाबाव थिजायो, जायनो बिमा बिफाफोर, जोथोनगिरि, थेहरापीस्त आरो गुबुनफ्राबो हेफाजाब होनो हायो। Engagement Cues –This is a good time to play with, hold or feed your baby. नांथाबनाय ईसाराया- बियो मोनसे गाहाम सम बिजों गेलेनो आरो हमखांनो एबा नोंनि खुदियाखौ जाहोनो। Every baby has their own individual ways of communicating. साफ्रामबो खुदियाहानो गावसोरनि निजा हांसिङै बुंफोदनाय दं। Falling asleep or becoming drowsy are ways that babies withdrawn from stimulation. उन्दुनो ओंखारनाय एबा थेन्थब्रोम जानाय फोरानो दिन्थिनायदि खुदियाआ साग्रांथिनिफ्राय सिखांबाय। Family members develop skills in baby care with the guidance of their nurse as she cares for both mother and baby in the nurturing environment of mother's room. नखरनि सोद्रोमाफोरा बिसोरनि देहा सामलायगिरिनि दैदेन्नायजों खुदियानि जोथोन लानायनि सोलोफोरखौ बांहोयो मानोना बियो बिमानि खथानि जोथोनारि बारहावायाव सानैबो बिमा आरो खुदियाखौ जोथोन लायो। From individualized care for mother and baby to special attention to the needs of the family, we offer many outstanding resources, services, and special touches to celebrate your delivery. थि नोजोर होनो थाखाय बिमा आरो खुदियानि हारसिङारि जोथोननिफ्राय नखरनि गोनांथिसिम नोंनि फिसा जागिनायखौ रंजानो जों साबद्रायसिन राहा, सिबिनाय, आरो मोजांसिन बिलिरनाय जासियो। From speech to occupational and physical therapy, certified therapists recognize the indispensable role that families play in the ongoing care of children – especially those with special health care needs. मावगुबै आरि मिथिंगायारि थेहरापीनि (therapy) भाषण निफ्राय, गनायथिजानाय थेहरापीस्थआ (therapists) सिनायो जे नखरारि जायफोरहा गाहाय गोनां देहा जोथोन नांनाया खुदियानि सोलिबाय थानाय जोथोनाव गोनां हाबा मावो। Fussing or facial grimacing are ways that your baby tells you that he or she needs a change. बाब्राबनाय एबा मोख्रेबनायफोरा दिन्थियोदि नोंनि खुदियाआ नोंनो बुङो दि बिनो सोलायनाय नांसिगौ। Getting to know your baby as an individual and seeing and responding to your baby’s communication will help you get to know each other and grow as a family. सासे बेक्ति हिसाबै नोंनि खुदियाखौ मोनथिनानै आरो नाइगिदिंनानै आरो नोंनि खुदियानि फिन्नाया नोंखौ गावजोंगाव आरो नखरारि हिसाबै जौगानो हेफाजाब होगोन। Hands to face or clasping hands together are ways babies “pull themselves together.” मोखाङाव आखाय एबा आखाय हमख्रबलायनाय फोरा दिन्थिनायदि खुदियाआ “गावजों गाव जजानानै बोलायनाय.” He or she may need to rest, take a break from stimulation or even be put down. बियो जिरायनाय नांगौ जानोहागौ, सांग्रांथिनिफ्राय एसे थादथनाय एबा गाहायावबो दोनजा थजागोन। Hiccoughs, fast breathing, apnea (stopping breathing), coughing, gagging, choking, and spitting up are also signs of stress. गोरखोनाय, गोख्रै हां लानाय, apnea(हां थाबथानाय), गुजुनाय, हां नांथानाय, गाबख्रावनाय, हां लानो हाया जानाय एबा मुजुदलानाय फोराबो सिन्थानि लैखोन। Holding Cover the isolette or bassinet with a special blanket Ensure periods of uninterrupted sleep between feedings. आइसलिट एबा जलंगाया जरखा कमबलजों खोबग्लोबजानाया जानायनि गेजाराव हेंथागैयै उनदुनायनि सम जगायो। Holding them in a comfortable position and supporting their arms and legs can help them. गोजोनथाउ अबस्थायाव बिसोरखौ हमखांनाय आरो बिसोरनि आखान्थि आरो आथिंफोरखौ मदत होनो हायो। I appreciate the individual attention they give to each one of my children. आंनि साफ्रामबो सासे खुदियानो बिसोर धियान होनाय बेक्तिखौ आं बाखनायो। I feel that the quality and expertise of my children’s therapists enhances the treatment they receive. आं सानोदि थेहरापीस्थनि(therapist) गुण आरो रोंगथिआ आंनि खुदियानि सिकितसाखौ बियो बारायो। If you suspect your child may need special services through Memorial’s Children’s Therapy Center, please see your child’s pediatrician. जुदि नों गोनां सिबिनाय, मेमरियाल खुदियानि थेहरापी(therapy) मिरु नोंनि खुदियानो नांनो हागौ सन्देह दं, अन्ना नोंनि खुदियानि देहाफाहामगिरि नाय। Knowing your baby’s behavior and ways of communicating will help you to care for him or her in the best way. नोंनि खुदियानि आकल आरो फोरमायथिनाय लामाखौ मिथिनानै साबसिन्नै नों बिसोरखौ जोथोन खालायनायाव हेफाराब होगोन। Many kids just like Alex, learn to crawl, walk, run, jump and play – to just be kids – with the help of physical therapists (PTs). भौतिक थेहरापीस्थ(PTs)नि हेफाजाबाव जों खुदिया बादि जाल्फानो गोबां खुदियाफोरा एलेक्स जेरै बेलथायनो, थाबायनो, खारनो, बाज्लनो आरोगेलेनो सोलोङो। Memorial has been delivering babies for more than 100 years. मेमरिआलआ रौसे बोसोर निख्रुबो बांसिन खुदियाफोर जोनोम होगासिनो दं। Memorial Hospital's Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is nationally recognized for its advancements in developmental care of premature and critically ill newborns. मेमरिआल देहाफाहामसालिनि उजिगोदान इनथेनसिब केआर इउनिथ(NICU)आ समनि सिगां आरो गिथाउ बाथावै लोमजानाय उजिगोदाननि जौगाथायारि जोथोन दावगानाय फोरनि थाखाय हादरनाङै सिनायजानाय। Memorial's Regional Center for Mother and Child Care provides the perfect setting for families to welcome new babies. मेमरिआलनि बिमा आरो गथ जोथोन ओनसोलारि मिरु गोदान खुदियाफोरखौ जगायनो नखरफोरनि थाखै नंगुबै जायगा जगायो। Memorial’s Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a 36 bed unit providing comprehensive level III care for newborns with medical or surgical needs. मेमरिआलनि उजिगोदान इनथेनसिब केआर इउनिथ(NICU)आ उजिगोदानफोरनो थामजि द’ एम अनजिमाजों लोगोसे देहाफाहामसालि शाल्यचिकित्स नांनाय गासैबो थाखो थाम जोथोनारि जगायदों। Memorial’s NICU has the mission of providing family centered care. मेमरिआलनि NICUहा नखरारि जोथोन जगायनायनि मोनसे हानजा दं। Memorial’s NICU is internationally recognized as a leader in developing the optimal environment of care for babies, families and staff. खुदिया, नखरारि रो मायथि हानजा फोरनि आबहावा जोथोनखौ मोजांसिन्नै जौगाफुयारि होनायाव दैदेनगिरि हिसाबै मेमरिआलनि NICUआ इसिं हादरारि सिनायजानाय। Memorial’s NICU is the regional referral center for north central Indiana and a portion of southwestern Michigan. मेमरिआलनि NICUआ सा मिरु इनदियानानि थाखाय ओनसोलारि गनायथिजानाय मिरु आरो खोला सोनाब मिसिगाननि मोनसे बाहागो। More self calming abilities Babies can get into flexed or tucked positions to gain comfort and deal with stimulation. गावनि गाव निजोमथो हानाय गोबां रोंगथि खुदियाफोरा खेंख्रा खेंख्रि खालामनो हागौ एबा गोजोन मोन्नो थाखाय फायथ्रमनाय रायगा आरो एखथुनायजों गोरोबलायो। Nearly 25 percent of children will have an eating problem at some point in their lives. नैजिबा जौखोन्दोफ्राम खुदियाहानो थारैनो बिसोरनि जिउआव जानायनि उसुबिदा थागोन। New mothers may request for a staff nurse to telephone the second day after discharge to answer any questions and offer reassurance. गोदान बिमाफ्रा हगारलांनायनि उननि नैथि सानाव जायखि जाया सोंलुफोरनि फिन होनो आरो फिनआसाहोफिन्नो देहा सामलायगिरिनि हानजाखौ जानबुं खालामनो आरजबो गाबनो हायो। OTs work with your child to help improve hand/eye coordination, eating function and sensory process development through individual and group sessions. OTsआ बेक्तित आरो जुथुमा मेलनि गेजेरजों नोंनि खुदियानि जौगानाय जानाय हाबा, मोनदांथि आयदा आरो आखाय/मेगन समानै दावगानो हेफाजाब होनायाव मावो। Our high-risk Special Care Obstetrics Unit provides expert care to women experiencing complications during their pregnancies and is the Regional Referral Center for 11 counties. जोंनि बां-खैफोद गोनां जोथोन अबसथेथ्रिस इउनिथआ गोरबोआव थानाय फोरनि समाव रेंनाफोर भुगिनाय आयरोफोरनो रोंखा राखा जोथोनगिरि जगायो आरो बेयो जिसे हादरफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे ओनसोलारि गनायथिजानाय Our neonatologists, physicians who specialize in caring for sick and premature babies, lead a team of caring professionals whose efforts are concentrated on providing the best possible care for your baby. लोमजानाय आरो समनि सिगां जोनोम मोन्नाय खुदियाफोरखौ जोथोन लानायाव आखा फाखा जों निअनेथलजिस्थ, फिजिसिआनफोरा मावगुबै जोथोनगिरिफोरनि मोनसे हानजाखौ दैदनो, जायफोरनि नाजानायफोरखौ नोंनि खुदियानो जाथावना जोथोनखौ जगायनायाव गोसो होनाय रायो। Over 400 newborns born at Memorial or transported from other regional hospitals by NICU’s transport team are admitted to NICU each year. मेमरिआलआव ब्रैजौनि बांसिन उजिगोदान जोनोम जायो एबा NICUनि हानजा दैथाय हरगिरिफोरनि गुबुन ओनसोलारि देहाफाहामसालि निफ्राय दैथायहरजानायफोरा बोसोरफ्रामबो NICUआव सोसनजायो। Parent overnight rooms, social services, pastoral care, and the NICU Parent Support Group are also available to help families. NICUनि बिमा-बिफा सहाय मेल, सोमोखाङारि जोथोन, समाजारि हाबा आरो बिमा-बिफा हर थानायनि खता फोराबो नखरारिनो हेफाजाब होनो मोनथावना। Self regulation cues are behaviors and movements that your baby uses to help himself Or herself to stay calm and manage the stimulation of sound, light, handling, activity or discomfort. नोंनि खुदियाआ गावखौनो गाव निजोम थानो आरो रिंनाय, फहर, सामलायनाय, खामानि एबा गोजोन गैयैनि एखथुनायखौ दबथायनो जाय आखु आरो लोरिनायखौ बाहायो बेफोरनो गाव-दबथायनायनि इसारा। Self regulation: Signs that your baby is making efforts on his or her own to help themselves be comfortable. गाव-दबथायनाया: दिन्थियोदि नोंनि खुदियाआ गोजोनजानो गावसोरखौनो गाव हेफाजाब होनो गावनि गाव नाजागासिनो दं। Signs that your baby is overwhelmed by stimulation, in need of your help to make a change, experiencing exhaustion, discomfort or even pain. लोरबां मोनदांनाय, गोजोनगैयै एबा सानायखौबो सोलायलु खालायनो नोंनि हेफाजाब नांनाया दिन्थियोदि नोंनि खुदियाआ एखुदावनायजों नाख्रेबराबाय। Signs that your baby is ready for interaction; this is a good time to hold, talk to, feed and or play with your baby. नोंनि खुदियाआ मोगा मोगि जानो थियारि जानाया दिन्थियोदि नोंनि खुदियाजों रायज्लायनो, हमखांनो, जाहोनो आरो बिजों गेलेनो बियो मोनसे हामसिन सम। Smooth even respirations (you can see this on the monitor, but you can also feel and/or see your baby’s breathing). स्लिमैनो समान हांलानाया (नों बेखौ मनिटराव नुगोन नाथाय, नों नोंनि गथनि हां लानायखौबो मोनदांगोन आरो / एबा नुगोन) । Sometimes babies just need a short break from the direct stimulation of being looked at and talked to. थोंजों एखुदावनानै नायजानाय आरो रायज्लायनायनिफ्राय एखनबा खुदियाफोरा एसे दसे गुसुं थादनाय नांगौ। Sometimes something as simple as shading your baby’s eyes from the direct light will help her open her eyes and show you that she really is awake and alert for feeding or interaction. माब्लाबा सायख्लुम बादिया माबामोनसे सारासनस्रायै नोंनि खुदियानि मेगनखौ  थोंजों सोरांनिफ्राय गावनि गाव मेगन बेखेवनो हेफाजाब होगोन आरो नोंनो दिन्थियोदि बियो थारैनो सिरिमोन्नाय आरो जानो एबा रायज्लायनो थाखाय सांग्रां। Speech therapists help kids with their language development, eating, speech, hearing and fluency so that they can more easily relate to the people and the world around them. बिबुंथि थेहरपीस्थआ(therapists) खुदियाखौ बिसोरनि राव जौगानाय, जानायाव,  बिबुंथि, खोनानाय आरो खर खरै हेफाजाब होयो जाहाथे बिसोरो गोरलैयै गावसिनि सोरगिदिं बुहुम आरो सुबुंजों हामसिन्नै गोरोबनो हायो। Splaying of fingers (“stop in the name of love” sign) is often the first sign babies give when they are starting to get overwhelmed. जेब्ला बिसोरो फुरायै फेजेनजानो जगायो आसिपोरनि खेंस्ला जालुनायानो(“अन्नायनि मुङै जोबथा” इसारा) खुदियाफोर होनाय गिबि लैखोन। Stilling (stopping movement) shows that your baby is focusing his or her attention – you can help your baby to calm his or her movement by swaddling in a blanket or simply holding his or her arms contained in your hands. दिदोम जानाया(लोर सोर थाबथानाय) दिन्थियोदि नोंनि खुदियाआ बिनि गोसोहोनायखौ नोजोरदों- बिसोरनि लोरिनायखौ दिदोम खालामनो खमबलआव खाख्रबना एबा नोंनि आखायाव सारासनस्रायै बिनि आखानथिखौ हमखांना लानानै नोंनि खुदियाखौ हेफाजाब होनो हायो। Stress cues can also include the heart and respiration monitors alarming. नारसिनजानाय इसारा आबो बिक्खा आरो हां बोनायाव गिख्रांथाव नायगिरि दाफाजाबफादेरो। Sucking on fingers, thumb or pacifier is a common way for babies to calm themselves. खुदियाफोरनि आसिफोर, आसिबिमा एबा गोजोन जानो सोब्बायथानायानो गावसोरखौ सारासनस्रा निजोम दोन्नायनि राहा। Talking to your baby when he or she is fussing can help your baby to calm and focus. जेब्ला बियो गाबख्रावो नोंनि खुदियाजों रायज्लायनाया नोंनि खुदियाखौ निजोम आरो गोसोनायाव हेफाजाब होनो हायो। Tell the nurses about special care ideas for your baby. नोंनि खुदियानि नंगुबै जोथोन सोलोनि बागै सामलायगिरि फोरनो खिन्था। That’s why patients and families are at the center of our team of interdisciplinary professionals, to help each child fulfill their greatest potential. साफ्रामबो खुदियाखौ बिसोरनि आंथि गोनां सोलोखौ जाफुंनो हेफाजाब होनो, बिनिखायनो बिमा-बिफा आरो नखरारि फोरा जोंनि मोनफा आयदा थानाय जुथुमाफोरनि मिरुआव। The birth of a new child is both miraculous and natural. सासे गोदान खुदिया जनोम जानाया मोन्नैबो गोमोथाव आरो मिथुंगायारि। The experienced staff of the Childbirth Unit is committed to supporting women and their families throughout labor and delivery by combining individualized, caring labor support with clinical expertise. खस्थ आरो फिसा जोनोम होनायालागै गथजोनोम इउनिथनि रोंगथिगोनां मावथि हानजाया हारसिङारि, आखा फाखा सिकिसाजों मदतहोजानाय माउथि सामलायगिरिनि जजानायजों हिनजावफोर आरो बिसोरनि नखरफोरखौ मदत होनो समायखिरा लाखानाय। The most up-to-date equipment and therapies are available. बांसिन गोदान मुगानि हाथियार आरो थेहरापीस फोरा मोनथावना। The NICU at Memorial is the Regional Referral Center serving families from northern Indiana and southwestern Michigan. साहायारि इनदियाना आरो सोनाब खोला मिसिगाननि नखरफोरखौ सिबिनो  मेमरियालआव NICUआ आनसोलारि गनायथिजानाय मिरु। The NICU does this by actively participating in national and international data bases and research. NICU आ बॆखौ हादरारि आरो ईसुंहादरारि खौरांथुबुरफोर आरो गबेषनायाव गोख्रों बाहागोलाफादेरनानै मावफुङो । The NICU staff is made up of board certified neonatologists, pediatricians, neonatal nurse practitioners, registered nurses, respiratory therapists, lactation consultants, discharge coordinators, a developmental specialist, a social worker and a parent care coordinator. NICU मावथिहानजाया बर्डजों गनायजानाई निअनेथलजिस्थ, खुदिया देहाफाहामगिरिफोर, उजिगोदान खुदिया सामलायगिरिफोर, फारिलायजानाय देहा सामलायगिरिफोर, हावफाव मुलै देहाफाहामगिरिफोर, गायखॆर दौनाय बोसोनगिरिफोर, हगारग्रा लोगो हॆफाजाबगिरिफोर, सासॆ जैगायारि specialist, सासॆ समाज सिबियारि आरो सासॆ बिमा-बिफा सामलाय लोगो हॆफाजाबगिरिजों दाजानाय । The NICU staff will help you become familiar with the monitors, and when your baby is “reading well.” NICUनि मावथि हानजाया बोसोनगिरिजों नोंखौ असे जानो हेफाजाब होगोन, आरो जेल्बा नोंनि गथआ “मोजाङै फरायगासिनो” The nurses and doctors will talk with you about breathing rates that are related to your baby. नार्स आरो देहा फाहामगिरिफोरा हांलानाय हारनि बागै नोंजों रायज्लायगोन जायफोरा नोंनि खुदियाजों सोमोनदो दं। The staff is dedicated to improving the lives of infants and their families. मावथि हानजाया खुदियाफोरनि जिउ आरो बिसोरनि नखरफोरखौ जौगा होनायाव गोसो बावसोमनाय। The therapists are caring, professional, and each one has specialized treatment skills. थेहरापीस्थफोरा अनसुला, रोंगथि गोनां आरो सोफ्रोमहाबो सायखथाव देहा फाहाम गुण गोनां। Their facial expressions look like they are interested in what they are seeing and hearing. बिसोरनि मोखांनि फोरमायथिफोरखौ नुनाय बादिल्बा जायखौ बिसोर नुदों आरो खोनादों बिसोरो गोसो गोनां। There’s more to Memorial’s Children’s Therapy Center than our on-site programs at 100 Navarre Place and within Memorial Children’s Hospital. जोंनि जायगानि हाबाफाराव जौसे नाभारी जायगा आरो बिनि सिङाव गथसाफोरनि मेमरियाल देहाफामसालिनिफ्राय मेमरियाल थेहरापी मिरुहा बांसिन दं। They may need a short break, a longer rest or other intervention to help them regain comfort. बिसोरखौ गोजोन मोनफिन्नायाव हेफाजाब बोनो बिसोरनो नांगौ जानांगौ मोनसे गुसुं थाथनाय, मोनसे गोलावसिन जिरायनाय एबा गुबुन गेजार सम जिरायथनायफोर। They may need to have a rest period from being held, talked to, played with or fed. बिसोरनो नांगौ जानांगौ मोनसे जिरायनाय समअनथोर लानो जगायफिन्नाय, रायज्लायनो, गेलेफिन्नाय एबा जानायनिफ्राय। This may indicate a need for intervention; your baby’s nurse will also assist your baby if needed. गेजारसमजिरायथनाय गोनांथिखौ बियो दिन्थियो जानांगौ; जुदि नांगौ नोंनि खुदियानि नर्साआबो नोंनि खुदियाखौ हेफाजाबहोगोन। This momentous event profoundly changes the lives of not only family members, but the lives of all future generations. बे बेसेनगोसा जाथाया नखरनि सोद्रोमाफोरनि जीउखुंनायखौल’ नङा, नाथाय इयुंन जोलैनि गोसै जीउखौ गोग्गोमै सोलायो। Thousands of patients just like Adam, are helped by MCTC occupational therapists (OTs) to help get them back to the “occupation” of living. एदाम बादि रोजा रोजा बेमारिफ्रा, जीउनि गुबै हाबाखौ मोनफिन्नायाव हेफाजाब होनो थाखाय MCTC मावगुबै थेहरपीस्थआ(OTs) फोरजों हेफाजाब होजायो। Tiny babies are usually swaddled; all covered up. उन्दै खुदियाफोरखौ सारासनस्रायै जिजों मेरायखन्नानै; गासैखौबो खबथेनाय जायो। Today, Memorial is the hospital of choice for those who desire a family-centered maternity experience with the added assurance of a highly specialized staff and the most advanced equipment for any special needs that may arise. दिनै, मेमरियालआ बै सुबुंफोरनि सायखनाय देहाफामसालि जाय लुबैयो नखरारि सोमोन्दो थानाय लोगोसे गोजौसिन नंगुबै मावथि हानजा होनो खोथा होनाय आरो बांसिन गुबै जौगा आइजें आइला जानानै फैनायाव। Turning toward you with their eyes, head, or even their whole body (snuggling) is a way of saying that your baby is comfortable and interested. बिसोरनि मेगनफोर, खर’ एबा एखनब्ला बिसोरनि गासै देहा नोंनि फार्से गिदिंनाया बुंनायनि मोनसे लामा दि नोंनि खुदियाया गोजोन आरो रंजाखुसि। Two operating suites adjacent to the Newborn Intensive Care Unit and 24-hour anesthesia coverage ensure rapid response if an emergency arises. उजिगोदान गुवार सामलाय जाथायनि सेराव थानाय मोन्नै अपारेथिं सुईथस आरो नैजि ब्रै धन्टा देहायारि मोन्दांथि साग्लोबनायआ थियो गोख्रैफिन्नायखौ जुदि मोनसे हरखाब गोनांथि नुजायो। Visual focusing is a way that babies can still their movements and calm down. मेगन नोजोरथिया मोनसे लामादि खुदियाया  बिसोरनि लोरिनायफोरखौ निजोम आरो दिदोम लाखिनो हागौ। We all know that children need to speak their minds! And that they need to be able to communicate with the world around them to keep learning and growing. जों गासिबो मोनथिया दि गथसाफोरा बिसोरनि सान्नायखौ बंथिनो नांगौ आरो बेखौ सोलोंलांनो आरो जौगानो बिसोरो बिसोरनि सोरगिदिं बुहुमजों रोयज्लायनो हानो नांगौ। We are honored to be a part of your child’s journey toward better health and independence. नोंथांनि गथसानि हामसिन देहाश्रि आरो उदांश्रिनि फारसे दाउबायनायाव मोनसे जानानै जों सन्मान होजागों। We will smooth the transition to home with individualized instruction and our customized "Life After Delivery" guide. गाव आखुथायारि फोरोंथाय आरो जोंनि नेमखान्थियारि "गथायनायनि उनाव जीउ" लामा दिन्थिजों जों नसिम सालायनायखौ माहि खालामगोन। When babies are interacting, they focus on caregivers or toys. जेल्बा खुदियाफोरा रायज्लायबाय थायो बिसोरो जोथोनगिरिफोर एबा गेलेग्रामुवानि सायाव गोसो होयो। When your baby has his eyes open and hands up by his face (and it is close to the time to eat) he might be showing you the “hunger posture.” जेल्बा जोंनि खुदियाया गावनि मेगनखौ बेखेउना थायो आरो आखायफोरा बिनि मोखां सेराव थायो (आरो बेयो जानाय समनि खाथिसै) जानो हागौ बियो नोंनो उखैनाय फाव-फेसन दिन्थिदों। Whether it’s treating cerebral palsy, spina bifida or developmental delay, PTs work with children and their caregivers to help provide consistent care, while promoting a child’s independence at school, home and in the community. बियो सेलेब्रल पालथि, स्पिनाल बिफिदा एबा जौगायारि थाबथानायखौ फाहामब्लाबो, PTs आ खुदियापोर आरो बिसोरनि जोथोनहोगिरि फोरजों अरायसम जोथोनहोनायाव हेफाजाब जगायनो हाबा मावो, जेल्बा फरायसालि, आरो सुबुं समाजाव सासे खुदियानि उदांश्रिखौ दाउगा होयो। While the technology has changed to help women have the healthiest babies possible, the human elements of caring and compassion have remained the same. जेल्बा बाहाय गोनोखोआ हिनजावफोरनि जाथावथाव गुफुंसिन खुदिया मोन्नायाव हेफाजाब होनो सोलायबाय, जोथोन आरो अन्नायनि सुबुङारि गुदिमुवाफोरा एखेयैनो थाबाय। Yawning – doesn’t always mean that your baby needs sleep – but may mean that they are “tired” of the stimulation and need a rest. सियायनाया जेब्लाबो पोरमाया दि नोंनि खुदियानो उन्दुनो नांगौ नाथाय फोरमायनो हागौ दि बिसोरो एखथुमायजों “मेंबाय” आरो मोनसे जिरायनाय नांगौ। You can watch their facial expressions and feel their movements as you hold them. नों बिसोरनि मोखाङारि फावखौ नायनो हागौ आरो बिसोरनि लोर सोर जालायखौ मोन्दांगोन जेब्ला नों बिसोरखौ हमो। You take your baby home; you will need to call your doctor if your baby cries a lot. नों नोंनि खुदियाखौ नआव लां ; नों नोंनि देहाफाहामगिरिखौ लेंहरनो नांगोन जुदि नोंनि खुदियाया गोबारै गाबो। You won’t hear your baby cry, but can tell by looking at his/her facial expression and body movement that your baby needs comforting Long periods of crying when you aren’t successful in calming your baby may indicate that he or she is sick or in pain. नों नोंनि खुदियानि गाबनायखौ खोनाया जानांगौ अब्लाबो बिनि मोखाङारि फाव आरो देहानि लोरसोर जानायखौ नायनानै ख्निथानो हायोदि नांगौ जेल्बा नों नोंनि खुदियाखौ निजोम थाहोनायाव जाफुंसारैया दिन्थिनो हागौदि बियो लोमजादों एबा सानाय दं। Your family will be guided along the journey toward better health by a team of dedicated professionals—because helping children do great things is our passion. मोजांसिन देहाश्रिनि फार्से दाउबाय लांनायाव गोसोबाउसोम माउगुबैयारिफोरनि मोनसे हानजाजों नोंनि नखर दैदेन जागोन मानोना गिदिर खामानि मावनायाव खुदियाफोरनो हेफाजाब होनाया जोंनि पेषा। A child's temperament and maternal depressive symptoms were found to be similar to the use of and quality of child care in terms of their strength in predicting mother-child interactions. गथ’फेरनि मेजाज आरो बिमा बाइदि दुखु जानाय लैखोनफोरा बिमा-खुदिया रायज्लायनायफोरखौ नायखांनायाव बिसोरनि गोहोनि रादायाव खुदियानि जोथोननि गोनां आरो गुणजों एखे मोन्नाय जादों। A designated parent is selected in households where both parents are present to report child care arrangements for each child. बिमा-बिफा बिमुं होजानाया नखरारियाव सायख’जानाय, जेराव सानैबो बिमा-बिफाफोरा साफ्रामबो खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय खुदिया जोथोन जगायनायफोरखौ फोरमायनो नुजाना दं। According to the findings, children who regularly spend time in non-maternal care have "somewhat less positive" interactions with their mothers than children who spend less or no time in non-maternal care. बिजिरनानै मोन्नाय बायदिब्ला, बिमाबादि जोथोन मोन्नायाव खम एबा सम गैयैयाव थानाय खुदियानिख्रुइ जाय खुदियाया बिमाबादि जोथोन मोन्नायाव सारासनस्रायै सम थांनायहा बिसोरनि बिमाफोरजों "एसेसो खम गाहाम" गोरोबलायनाय दं। Age shifting occurs when a child’s birthday falls between the enrollment period for a child care program (i.e. school, Head Start, etc.) and the period that the SIPP survey takes place. बैसो छोलायनांनाया जायो जेब्ला सासे खुदियानि जोनोम स्वाना खुदिया जोथोन हाबा फोरिनि(जेरै. फरायसालि, हेद स्तार्ट, बायदि बायदि.) थाखाय आरो सम जेराव SIPP नायगिदिंनाया जायगा लानाय फारियाव सोनाय सम गेजेराव गोगलैयो। Although the setting of the care (home/center/relative's home) did not alter the results, the quality of the care did. जोथोन लानायनि दाथाया (न’, मिरु, बाय-बाहागीनि न’) जाउनफोरखौ सोलाहोयाखैमोनब्लाबो, जोथोननि गुणया सोलायहोदोंमोन। Although the study was not designed to be nationally representative, the average income of study families was similar to the average national household income. बिजिरनाया हारियारि थान्दै जानो दाजायाखैमोनब्लाबो, फरायनाय नखरफोरनि गड हिसाब आरजिनाया हारिनां नखरारि आरजिनायनि गड हिसाबजों एखे। APA's membership includes more than 159,000 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants and students. APAनि सोद्रोमा हानजाया 159,000 नायबिजिरग्राफोर, फोरोंगिरिफोर, क्लिनिसियानफोर, बोसोन आफादफोर आरो फरायसाफोरनिफ्राइ बांसिन लाफादेरो। Based on data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care, a longitudinal study of approximately 1,300 children. हारियारि पछंथाननिफ्राइ सिगां खिदिया जोथोननि खुदिया देहा आरो सुबुङारि जौगानाय(NICHD) बिजिरनायनि बिथंनि सायाव, फ्राइयै 1,300 खुदियानि मोनसे लावथायारि बिजिरनाय। Because of its large sample size, the NICHD study data allowed researchers to detect relatively small associations between child care and children. बिनि गिदित नमुना अरथायनि थाखाय, NICHD बिजिरनाय बिथंया खुदिया जोथोन आरो गथ’नि गेजेराव खाथियै फिसा सोमोन्दोफोर हमदांनो नायबिजिरग्राफोरखौ गनायथि होबाय। Because the child care experience is not independent of children's family background, the researchers also studied the family influences on the quality of mother-child interaction. मानोना खुदिया जोथोन रोंमोनदांथिया गथ’फोरनि नखर जारिमिननि उदां नङा, बिमा-खुदिया रायज्लायनायनि रोंगौथिनि सायाव नखरनि गोहोम गोगलैनायफोरखौ नायबिजिरग्राफोराबो बिजिरबाय। Beginning with the 1996 SIPP panel, child care data was collected about all arrangements for all children under the age of 15, regardless of parental labor force status. 1996 SIPP हानजाजों जागायजेन्नानै, बिमा-बिफायारि नाजानाय गोहो थासारिखौ नोजोर होयालासेनो, 15 बैसो सिंनि गासै गथ’नि थाखाय फ्राइ गासै थियारिफोर खुदिया जोथोननि बिथंया बुथुम जाबायमोन। Both "maternal sensitivity" and "child engagement" describe behaviors that were observed and rated by the staff of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. मोननैबो “बिमाबादि मोनदांथि” आरो “खुदिया नांथाबनाय” फोरमायो आखुफोर जायफोरा सिगां खुदिया जोथोननि NICHD बिजिरनायनि मावथि हानजाजों नोजोर होजायो आरो सानजायो। Child care providers can be broadly classified as being relatives or non relatives of children. खुदिया जोथोन जगायग्राफोरा गथ’नि खुरमाफोर एबा खुरमाफोर नङै जेरै जानानै गुवारै जथायनो हायो। Child engagement and positive mood during mother-child interaction were also rated. बिमा –खुदिया रायज्लायनाय समाव खुदिया नांथाबनाय आरो गाहाम मोजाजयाबो सानजायो। Child engagement refers to how connected or involved a child appeared to be when relating to his or her mother. जेब्ला बिनि बिमाजों रुजुनानै नायो खुदिया नांथाबनाया फोरमायथियो, सासे खुदियाया माबोरै नांथाबनाय एबा लेठाइनाय नुजाथियो । Children participating in the study were placed in a variety of child care arrangements, ranging from the most informal (care with relatives) to the most formal (center care). जोबोद नेमखान्थि गैयै(नखरफोरजों होजानाय जोथोन) निफ्राइ जोबोद नेमखान्थि गोनां(मिरुयाव होजानाय जोथोन) सिम साजायनानै, बिजिरनायाव बाहागो लानाय गथ’फोरा खुदिया जोथोन जगायनायफोरनि बाइदि रोखोमाव थिसन्ना होजायो। Confidence necessary to succeed in their present environment, and to deal with later responsibilities in school and in life. बिसोरनि आथिखाल आबहावायाव देरहानो, आरो फरायसालियाव आरो जिवयाव उननि बिबान गोनांजों मिमांसा खालामनो फोथायथिया गोनां। Designated parents include biological, step- and adoptive parents, or other relatives/non-relatives acting as a guardian in the absence of parents. बिमुं होजानाय बिमा-बिफाया बिमा-बिफानि गैयैयाव biological, बाथुल- आरो खांग्रा बिमा-बिफा, एबा गुबुन बाइ-बाहागिफोर/ बाइ-बाहागिफोरा सासे नायग्रा जेरै फावदिन्थिनाय जायो। Each child is treated as an individual in an inclusive community that values, respects, and responds to diversity. साफ्रामबो खुदियाया लोगोसे सुबुं समाजाव सासे सुबुं हिसाबै गनायथिजायो जाय बेसेन होयो, मान खालामो आरो बाइदि रोखोमनो फिन होयो। Earlier SIPP panels only collected data on the primary and secondary child care arrangements for a limited number of children, and usually only for employed parents. सिगाङाव SIPP हानजायाल’ सिमा थिनाय गथ’नि अनजिमानि थाखाय, आरो सारासनस्रायै साख्रि मावग्रा बिमा-बिफाफेरनि थाखाय गिबि आरो नैथि थाखोनि खुदिया जोथोन जगायनायफोरनि सायाव बिथं बुथुमदोंमोन। Enrollment in kindergarten/grade school and time spent in self-care are shown in the tables for informational purposes even though they are not considered to be child care arrangements. खिनदारगारदेन/थाखो फरायसालियाव मुं थिसनजानाय आरो गाव-जोथोनाव सम होनायफोरा टेबिलफोराव दिन्थिनाय जाबाय फोरमायथियारि थांखिनि थाखाय जदिउ बिसोरो खुदिया जोथोननि थियारिफोर बायदि गनायजायाखैमोन। Families and their children were recruited from 10 research sites across the United States. इउनायटेत हादरनि बे फारसेनिफ्राइ बै फारसेथिं, नखरा आरो बिसोरनि गथ’फोरा 10 नाइबिजिरसंनाय गायसन्नायनिफ्राइ गोदानै थिसनजानाय सोद्रोमा। For example, a five-year child enrolled in Head Start who turns six by the time of the survey would be out of universe for the Head Start question at interview date, resulting in an undercount of children in Head Start. जेरै, सासे बा-बोसोर खुदियाया हेद स्तार्तयाव मुं थिसनजान जाय नायगिदिंनायनि समसिम द’ जाहैनायफोरा हेद स्तार्तनि सोंनायनि थाखाय मोगा-मोगि खालार समाव मुलुग संसारनि गोजान्नाव थाहैगोन, हेद स्तार्टयाव गथ’नि बैसो सानसनफ्लांयै जाना फैयो। For example, when child care providers talk to children, encourage them to ask questions, respond to children's questions, read to them, challenge them to attend to others' feelings. जेरै, जेब्ला खुदिया जोथोन जगायग्राफोरा गथ’जों रायज्लायो, बिसोरखौ सोंनायफोर सोंनो गोसो दुंहोयो, गथ’फोरनि सोंनायफोरनो फिन होयो, read to them, बिसोरखौ गुबुनफोरनि गोसोफोरखौ बुजिनो जुजिनो हांख्राइनाय। Further information about Head Start enrollment can be found at the Office of Head Start. हेद स्तार्टनि फारियाव थिसन्नाय सायाव बांसिन फोरमायथिखौ हेद स्तार्तनि मावखुलियाव मोन्नो हायो। Head Start is a national program that promotes school readiness by enhancing the social and cognitive development of children through the provision of educational, health, nutritional, social and other services to enrolled children and families. हेद स्तार्टया मोनसे हादोरारि हाबाफोरि जाय गथ’नि समाजआरि आरो बुजिनो हानाय जौगानाय बांहोनायजों फरायसालि थांनो थियारि थुलुंगा होयो, गथ’ आरो नखरफोरखौ फारियाव थिसन्नो सोलोंथायारि, देहास्रि, नीथ्रिसनेल, समाजआरि आरो गुबुन आफादफोर राहानि गेजेरजों। Head Start offers parents opportunities and support for growth, so that they can identify their own strengths, needs and interests, and find their own solutions. हेद स्तार्टया बिमा-बिफाफोरनो खाबुफोर आरो देरनो थाखाय मदद जासियो, जाहाते बिसोर गावसोरनि गाव गोहोफोर, नांनाय आरो लुबैनायफोरखौ सिनायनो हायो, आरो गावसोरनि गाव राहाफोरखौ दिहुन्नो हायो। Head Start programs promote school readiness by enhancing the social and cognitive development of children through the provision of educational, health, nutritional, social and other services to enrolled children and families. हेद स्तार्ट हाबाफोरिया गथ’नि समाजआरि आरो बुजिनो हानाय जौगानाय बांहोनायजों फरायसालि थांनो थियारि थुलुंगा होयो, गथ’ आरो नखरफोरखौ फारियाव थिसन्नो सोलोंथायारि, देहास्रि, नीथ्रिसनेल, समाजआरि आरो गुबुन आफादफोर राहानि गेजेरजों। Head Start serves families within the context of the community, and recognizes that many other agencies and groups work with the same families. हेद स्तार्टया नखरफोरखौ सुबुं समाजनि सोमोनदोगोनां बाथ्रा गेजेरावनो बुजायो, आरो मानिना लायोदि गोबां गुबुन थानदैफोर आरो हानजाफोरा एखे नखरफोरजोंनो खामानि मावो। Head Start's commitment to wellness embraces a comprehensive vision of health for children, families, and staff. मोजां खालामनो हेद स्तार्टनि समाय-खिरा लानाया गथ’, नखरफोर, आरो मावथि हानजानि थाखाय देहानि मोनसे गुवार मिजिं मानिना लायो। higher quality care settings may provide mothers with positive role models for involved, sensitive interactions with their child गोजौ गुन जोथोन गायसननाया बिमाफोरनो थार बिफावथि नेरसोनफोरजों थाफानाय, बिसोरनि गथ’जों मोनदांथि गोनां रायज्लायनायफोर जगायनो हागौ। Higher quality child care was associated with increased maternal sensitivity. गोजौ गुन खुदिया जोथोनआ बांनाय बिमा बाइदि मोनदांथि गोनांजों गोरोबलायनायमोन। If neither parent is in the household, the guardian is the designated parent. सासेबो बिमा-बिफाया नखरारियाव गैयाब्ला, बिमा-बिफा मुं होजानाय बिमा-बिफाया नायग्रा। If the mother is not available for an interview, proxy responses are accepted from the father or husband. मोगा-मोगिनि थाखाय जदि बिमाया हाजिर गैयाब्ला, बिफा एबा फिसाइनिफ्राइ प्रकसि फिन्नायफोरा गनायजानाय। In a just-published analysis about mother-child interaction, the study showed that the number of hours infants and toddlers spent in child care was modestly linked to the sensitivity of the mother to her child, as well as to the engagement of the child with the mother in play. बिमा-खुदिया रायज्लायनाय सोमोन्दै बावैसो-फोसावनाय बिजिरथियाव, बिजिरनाया दिन्थिबायदि खुदिया जोथोनाव खुदियाफोर आरो थाबायस्लिंनायनि समफोरनि गासै अनजिमाया गुरैयै बिमानि मोनदांथिनाय गावनि खुदियाजों सोमोन्दो गोनां, आरो गेलेनायाव बिमाजों खुदियानि मुजिहाबनायसिम। In addition, the term multiple arrangements is used to designate children in more than one child care arrangement on a regular basis. लोगोसेयाव, सानजाबनाय थियारिफोरनि सोदोबा गथ’खौ मुं होनो मोनसेनिफ्राइ बांसिन खुदिया जोथोन जगायनायाव सारासनस्रा In addition, to put the issue of child care quality and stability into an appropriate context, the authors looked at other predictors of mother-child interactions. लोगोसेयाव, खुदिया जोथोन गुण आरो निजोमनि फोसावनायखौ मोनसे थि बाथ्रा सिङाव दोन्नो, लितगिरिफोरा बिमा-खुदिया रायज्लायनायफोरनि गुबुन नायखांग्राफोरनाव नायो। In FY 1995, the Early Head Start program was established to serve children from birth to three years of age in recognition of the mounting evidence that the earliest years matter a great deal to children's growth and development. FY 1995 आव, सिगां हेद स्तार्ट हाबाफारिया गासनजादोंमोन, जोनोमनिफ्राइ थाम बोसोर बैसोसिम गथ’खौ खांनो बारायनाय फोरमाननि सिनायनायाव गासन्नायावदि सिगांसिन बोसोरनि जाहोना खुदियाफोरनि देरनाय आरो जौगानायनि मोनसे गेदेर लेनदेन। In married-couple families, the mother is the designated parent. हाबा जानाय-हिनजाव हौवा नखरफोराव, बिमाया मुं होजानाय बिमा-बिफा। In single-parent families, the resident parent is the designated parent. सासेल’-बिमा बिफा नखरफोराव, थानाय बिमा-बिफाया मुं होजानाय बिमा-बिफा। In the just-published article the authors found that the results for child care hours and child care quality were not influenced by whether the child was in one form of child care or another. बावैसो-फोसावजानाय लिरबिदाङाव लितगिरिफोरा मोनदोंमोनदि खुदिया जोथोन समफोर आरो खुदिया जोथोन गुणनि थाखाय खुदियाया गथ’ जोथोन एबा गुबुननि नङाबा मोनसे रोखोमाव दंनाय गैयैजों फिथाइफोरा गोहोम खोखलैजायाखैमोन। Information collected on child care through SIPP has evolved over the years to include comprehensive data on child care use, cost, and receipt of government assistance. खुदिया जोथोननि सायाव SIPP नि गोजोरजों खुदिया जोथोन बाहायनाय, बेसेन आरो सरखारि हेफाजाबनि रचीद सायाव गुवार बिथं सोफादेरनो फोरमायथि बुथुम जानाया बोसोर बारलांनायजों जौगालांबाय। It also includes family day care providers who are non-relatives who care for one or more unrelated children in the provider’s home. जायफोरा बाय-बाहागि नङा जाय जगायग्राफोरनि न’याव सासे एबा बांसिन सोमोन्दो गैयै खुदियाखौ जोथोन लायो बेबो नखरनो सान जोथोन जगायग्राफोर होफादेरो। Kindergarten/grade school is also included in the organized care total for children under 5 years. खिनदारगारदेन/थाखो फरायसालियाबो 5 बोसोर सिंनि गथ’नि थाखाय गासै थाख थियारि जोथोनाव सोफादेरजानाय। Maternal sensitivity refers to how attuned a mother is to the child's wants and needs. बिमाबाइदि मोनदांथिया फोरमायहरो सासे बिमाया खुदियाफोरनि बिखनाय आरो नांनायफोराव होनो बेसेबां थियारि। Moreover, the link between time spent in child care and mother-child interaction is equivalent to the link between maternal depression and maternal sensitivity. बेनिअनगायैबो, खुदिया जोथोनाव सम होनाय आरो बिमा-खुदिया रायज्लायनायनि गेजेराव सोमोन्दोया बिमाबाइदि जिंगा आरो बिमाबाइदि मोनदांथिनि गेजेराव सोमोन्दोजों समान ओंथिगोनां। Most of the earlier studies observed only a small number of children, measured the behavior of only one age group, and failed to include children with a very small number of hours in non maternal care. सिगांनि बांसिन बिजिरनाया एसेल’ अनजिमानि गथ’फोर नोजोर होदोंमोन, मोनसेल’ बैसो जुथुमनि आखलखौ सुदोंमोन, आरो समफोरनि जोबोद खम अनजिमाजों बिमाबाइदि नङै जोथोनाव थानाय खुदियाखौ लाफानो फेलें जादों। Mother and child interactions were videotaped in 10-15 minutes sessions when the children were 6, 15, 24, and 36 months of age for almost a total of one hour for each of the nearly 1,300 children for whom the authors had complete information. बिमा आरो खुदिया रायज्लायनायफोरा, जेब्ला गथ’फोरा 6,15,24, आरो 36 दान बैसोनि फ्रायै साफ्रामबोनो फ्रायै 1,300 गथ’या गासै से घन्तानि थाखाय 10-15 मिनिट मेलाव भिदियतेब खालायजादोंमोन, जायनि थाखाय लितगिरिहा फुरा फोरमायथि दंमोन। Mothers were rated in terms of their sensitivity to the child when the child was not distressed. बिमाफोरा गथ’जों बिसोरनि मोनदांथियाव थि सोदोब सायाव सानजायो जेब्ला खुदियाया दुखुयाव गैया। Non-relatives include in-home babysitters, neighbors, friends, and other non-relatives providing care either in the child's or the provider’s home. बाय-बाहागि नङैफोरा होफादेरो न’नि बखालि, नसुंसेयारि, लोगोफोर, आरो गुबुन बाय-बाहागिफोरा खुदियानि एबा नङाबा जगायग्रानि न’याव जोथोन जगायदों। Observers rated the degree of sensitivity of the mother, the degree of her intrusiveness, and the degree of positive regard or respect she showed toward the child. बियो गावनि फिसानि फारसे दिन्थिनाय बिमानि मोदांथिनि गोसारथि, गावनि अख्रामिनि गोसारथि, आरो खुदियानि फारसे बे दिन्थिनाय गोहोम बावनाय एबा सनमानखौ नायनानै नायबिजिरगिरिफोरा जखा सुदों। On July 11, 2006, the Office of Head Start announced the launch of the Early Childhood Learning and Knowledge Center (ECLKC). 11 जुलाइ, 2006 आव, उन्दै खुदिया सोलोंनाय आरो गियाननि मिरु (ECLKC)नि जागायनायखौ हेड स्तार्ट नि मावखुलिआ फोसावो। Organized care includes day care, nursery or preschool, and federal Head Start programs for those 5 years and younger. बा बोसोर आरो उन्दैसिन खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय फसंथानारि अन्नाया डे केयार, नारसारि एबा रिबि-फरायसालि, आरो खौसे हेड स्तार्ट हाबाफारिफोरखौ लाफानानै जायो। Please take time to bookmark the site, visit it often and share with us your comments and suggestions. अन्नानै थंखौ बुकमार्क खालामनो सम ला, बेखौ माब्लाबा नायगिदिं आरो नोंनि बिबुंथि आरो बोसोनफोरखौ जोंजों रानलाय। Previous studies on whether the amount of time children spend in child care affected interactions with their mothers had conflicting results. खुदिया जोथोन्नाव खुदियानि सम हगारनायनि बिबांङा बिसोरनि बिमाफोरजों रायज्लायनायाव गाज्रि खालामदोंना खानामाखैनि सायाव सिगांनि बिजिरनायफोराव द’ग’ म’ग’ फिथायफोर मोन्दों। Relatives include mothers, fathers, siblings, grandparents, and other relatives such as aunts, uncles, and cousins. खुरमा-बाहागियाव बिमाफोर, बिफाफोर, थै सोमोन्दो, आबै-आबौफोर आरो गुबुन खुरमा-बाहागियावफोर जेरै आनैमोन, आमायमोन, आरो आदैनि फिसाफोर। Significant emphasis is placed on the involvement of parents in the administration of local Head Start programs. गामियरि हेड स्तार्ट हाबाफारिफोरनि सासन खालामनायाव बिमा बिफाफोरनि थाफादेरनायनि सायाव मखथाव गोनाथि होनाय जादों। Some parents may not be able to specify an arrangement that is used on a regular basis at least once a week and may reply as having no regular arrangement. खायसे बिमा बिफाफोरा लाहार-फाहारखौ थि खानामनो हायाबो जानो हागौ जायखौ खमैब्लाबो सपता मोनसेयाव खनसेयै जेब्लाबोनि थाखाय बाहायो Such predictors of the quality of mother-child interaction include family income, maternal education, maternal depression, and mothers' marital status (or the status of having a partner). बिमा-फिसा सोमोनदोनि गुननि बेबायदि इयुन बुंग्राफोराव दंङ नखरारि खामायनाय, बिमायारि सोलांथाय, बिमायारि दुखु दाहा, आरो बिमानि जुलिनि थाथाय (एबा सासे लोगो थानायनि थाथाय)। The American Psychological Association (APA), in Washington, DC, is the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States and is the world's largest association of psychologists. वासिंटन, डिचि आव डा आमेरिकान साइखनजिकेल एससियेसन (APA) आ इउनायतेड स्तेद्सनि गोसो गोनोखोखौ दैदेननाय देरसिन गोनोखोआरि आरो रोंगौथिगोनां फसंथान आरो गगोसो गोनोखोआरिफोरनि बेनो बुहुमनि देरसिन फसंथान। The authors looked at associations between the amount, quality and stability of child care and mother-child interactions when the children were 6, 15, 24 and 36 months old. लिरगिरिफोरा खुदिया जोथोननि बिबां, गुन आरो दिदोमथि आरो बिमा-फिसा रायज्लायनायफोरनि गेजेरनि खौसेथिखौ नोजोर होदोंमोन जेब्ला खुदिआया 6, 15, 24 आरो 36 दाननि बैसो जायो। The authors point out that the findings of a small negative association between mother-child interaction and hours of care and a small positive association with quality of care may suggest that linkages with child care are more a product of mothers who use child care than a consequence of the care itself. लिरगिरिफोरा थांखिदोंदि बिमा-फिसा रायज्लायनाय आरो गोबाव सम जोथोन लानायनि गेजेराव मोनसे फिसा खौसेथिगैयै आरो जोथोननि गुनजों मोनसे फिसा खौसेथि गोनांङ मोन्नाया थिनोदि खुदिया जोथोनजों लोब्बा लाखिनाया बांसिनै बिमाफोरनिसो फिथाय जाय गावनो गाव जोथोननि मोनसे फिथायनिख्रुय खुदिया जोथोनखौ बाहायो। The building of trusting, collaborative relationships between parents and staff allows them to share with and to learn from one another. फोथायलायनाय जौगाहोनाय, बिमा-बिफा आरो हानजानि गेजेरनि खौसेथियारि सोमोन्दोफोरा बिसोरखौ गावजों गावनिफ्राय रानलायनो आरो सोलोंलायनो होयो। The child care data presented in the detailed tables come from the fourth interview of the 2004 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) Panel conducted between February and May of 2005, and refer to child care arrangements used in the month prior to the interview. खुदिया जोथोनखौ गुवारै फारिदब्लायफोरजों दिन्थिनाय फारिबिसाना 2005 नि फेब्रुवारि आरो मेनि गेजेराव जानाय 2004 सार्भे अफ इंकाम एन्ड प्रग्राम पारतिचिपेचन (SIPP) बिजिरआफादनि ब्रैथि मोगामोगि निफ्राय फैदोंमोन आरो मोगामोगिनि सिगांनि दानफोराव बाहायनाय खुदिया जोथोननि लाहार फाहारखौ मखदोंमोन। The design and implementation of the SIPP child care module may lead to a certain amount of age shifting. SIPP खुदिया जोथोन मदुल नि महर आरो बाहायनाआ खायसे बिबांनि बैसो सोलायनाय जाहोनो हागौ। The ECLKC offers relevant, timely information, knowledge and learning to Head Start programs and the early childhood community in an easy-to-use format. ECLKCआ हेड स्तार्ट हाबाफारिफोरनो बाहायजाथाव, थि समाव खौरां, गियान आरो सोलोंनाय आरो उन्दै खुदिआ माहारिनो गोरलै बाहायनो हानाय महर जगायो The ECLKC will grow and evolve over the next several years and is designed to be a comprehensive resource for anyone involved with or interested in early childhood education. ECLKC आ फैगौ बोसोरफोराव जौगागोन आरो गोदान महर मोनगोन आरो आगु उन्दैखुदिया सोलोंथायाव थाफानाय आरो गोसोगोनां जायखिजाया सुबुंनि थाखाय बेखौ गुवार फुंखा बायदियै महर होबाय। The findings appear in the November issue of Developmental Psychology. डेभेलपमेन्टेल प्सायकलजिनि नभेम्बर बिसानाव बिजिरसंना मोन्नाय फिथायफोरा नुजागोन। The findings may also suggest that mothers who are more sensitive choose higher quality care for their children. बिजिरसंना मोन्नाय फिथायफोरा बोसोन होनोबो हागौदि जाय बिमाफोरा बांद्राय सांग्रां, गावसोरनि खुदियानि थाखाय गोजौ गुननि जोथोन सायखयो The findings may indicate that longer hours of child care are associated with some diminished familiarity and less ability of mother and child to be "in tune" with each other. बिजिरसंना मोन्नाय फिथायफोरा दिनथिनो हायोदि  गोलावद्राय सम खुदियानि जोथोना खायसे सिनायलानाय गोमालांनोय आरो बिमा आरो फिसाया गावजों गाव रायज्लायनाय गोहोआ खमायलांनायजों सोमोन्दो थायो । The findings may indicate that mothers who are less sensitive to their infants' signals or who have children who are less engaging use child care for more hours. बिजिरसंना मोन्नाय फिथायफोरा दिनथिनो हायोदि जाय बिमाफोरा गावनि खुदियानि फावनि बागै खम सांग्रां एबा जायफोरा खुदिया दङ आरो जायफोरा खमसिनै मुखुब थायो खुदिया जोथोनखौ बांद्राय समनि थाखाय बाहायो। The greater maternal sensitivity is a function of the effect of the higher quality child care on the child's emerging verbal skills, behavior compliance and social competence. बांद्राय बिमायारि सांग्रांथिआ खुदियानि नुजाबोनाय रावारि दुन, आखुवारि गोरोबथि आरो सुबुङारि आबुं गुननि सायाव खुदिया जोथोननि गोजौ गुननि बिहोमानि मोनसे खामानि। The Head Start program provides grants to local public and private non-profit and for-profit agencies to provide comprehensive child development services to economically disadvantaged children and families. हेड स्तार्ट हाबाफारिया गामियारि सुबुंफोर आरो सरकारिनङै मुलामफा गैजायैनो राङारि हेफाजाब होयो आरो नुलामफा गोनां सासन थान्दै नो रांखावरियै लोरबां खुदिया आरो नखरफोरनो गुवार खुदिया जोथोन सिबिनाय जगायनो। The input of the Head Start community is critical to the future development of the ECLKC. ECLKC नि इउन जौगानायनि थाखाय हेड स्तार्ट सिबुं समाजनि थिसन्नाया गिनोगोनां। The investigators found a modest link between quality of child care and maternal sensitivity, meaning that the better the quality of child care the higher the level of maternal sensitivity. नायबिजिरगिरिफोरा खुदिया जोथोननि गुन आरो बिमायारि सांग्रांथिनि गेजेराव मोनसे गुरै सोमोनदो मोनदों, ओंथि बायदियै खुदिया जोथोननि गुना जेसेबांनो मोजां जागोन बिमायारि सांग्रांथिनि थाखोआबो एसेबांनो बारायगोन। The more hours a child spends during the first three years of life in non-maternal care the less positive the child's interactions with his/her mother. जिउनि गिबि थाम बोसोराव सासे खुदियाआ बिमायारि नङै जोथोनजों जेसेबां गोबाव सम हगारगोन एसेबांनो बिनि बिमाजों खुदियानि रायज्लायनायाबो गाज्रि जानांगोन। The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care has established that there is no consistent relation between the hours infants and toddlers spend in child care. खुदिया देहा आरो सिगां खुदिया जोथोन सुबुं जौगा बिजिरनि हादरारि फसं’थान (NICHD) आ थि खानामबायदि खुदिया जोथोनआव खुदिया आरो थाबायस्लिंनायाव सम हगारनायनि गेजेराव गोरोबनायनाय सोमोन्दो गैया। The NICHD Study of Early Child Care enrolled just over 1,300 children at birth at 10 research sites throughout the United States. सिगां खुदिया जोथोननि NICHD बिजिरनाया दुलाराय इउनायटेड स्तेत्सनि मोन 10 नायबिजिर सालिफोराव 1,300 निख्रुइ बांसिन खुदियाफोरखौ जोनोम समाव मुं थिसनदों। The objective of Child Health and Development Services is to ensure that, through collaboration among families, staff, and health professionals, all child health and developmental concerns are identified. खुदिया देहा आरो जौगायारि हाबाफोरनि थांखिया गासै खुदिया-जोथोन आरो जौगायारि हाबाफोरनि सिनायथिखौ नखरफोर, हानजा, आरो देहा मावथिफोरनि गेजेराव हेफाजाब होलायनायजों रोखा खालामनाय। The objective of Community Partnerships is to ensure that grantee and delegate agencies collaborate with partners in their communities, in order to provide the highest level of services to children and families. कनुनिटि पाटनारसिपनिफोरनि थांखिया खुदिया आरो नखरफोरनो साबसिन सिबिनाय जगायनो  बिसोरनि हारिफोरनि लोगोफोरजों रांनि हेफाजाब मोनगिरि आरो सासनारि थानदैफोरनि हेफाजाब होलायनायखौ रोखा खालामनो। The objective of Education and Early Childhood Development is to provide all children with a safe, nurturing, engaging, enjoyable, and secure learning environment, in order to help them gain the awareness, skills. सोलोंथाय आरो उनदै खुदिया जौगाखांनायनि थांखिया बिसोरनि सांग्रांथियारि आदबफोर मोन्नायाव हेफाजाब होनो गासै खुदियाफोरनो रैखाथि गोनां, जौराहोनिय, गोसो गोनां, रंजानो हाथाव, आरो गिनांगौगैयै सोलोंनायनि बारहावा जगायनाय। The objective of Family Partnerships is to support parents as they identify and meet their own goals, nurture the development of their children in the context of their family and culture, and advocate for communities that are supportive of children and families of all cultures. फेमिलि पाटनारसिपनिफोरनि थांखिया गावसोर सायख’नायबायदि बिमा-बिफाफोरखौ हेफाजाब होन्नाय आरो गावसोरनि आंगो थांखिखौ मोनहैनाय, गावसोरनि नखर आरो हारिमुनि बायदियै गावसोरनि खुदियाफोरनि जौगानायाव हेफाजाब होयो, आरो हारिफोरनि थाखाय रायदावो जायफोरा गासैबो हारिमुनि खुदियाफोर आरो नखरफोरनि थाखाय हेफाजाब बायदि। The percentage of ethnic minorities participating in the study was similar to the percentage of minorities in the nation as a whole. बिजिरनायाव गाहाय थाखोनि थागिबिफोरनि बाहागो लानाय जौखोन्दोया जयै हादराव गाहाय थाखोनि जौखोन्दोजों एखे। The quality of the interaction between the mother and her child was assessed in terms of the mother's sensitivity to her child and in terms of the child's engagement with his or her mother during the joint play sessions. बिमा आरो गावनि खुदिया गेजेराव रायदावलायनायनि गुणया बिमाफोरनि मोनदांथिनि रादायाव गावनि खुदियानो आरो गावनि बिमाजों जरा गेलेनाय मेलफोराव खुदियाफोरनि मुजिहाबनाय रादायाव बिजिरजोदोंमोन। The study is being conducted by investigators at the NICHD and at 14 universities around the country. बिजिरनाया बिजिरग्राफोरजों सोरगिदिं हादोराव NICHDयाव आरो 14 मुलुग सोलोंसालिफोराव मावजादोंमोन। The universe of respondents in the SIPP child care module consists of adults who are the parents of children under 15 years old. SIPP खुदिया जोथोन मदुलाव फिन होग्राफोरनि मुलुग संसारा बैसोगोराफोरजों बुंफबनाय जायफोरा 15 बोसोर बैसो सिं गथ’नि बिमा-बिफाफोर। The varied experiences provided by the program support the continuum of children's growth and development, which includes the physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development of each child. हाबाफारिजों गुबुन गुबुन रोंमोनदांथि जगायजानाया अरायबो गथ’फोरनि देरनाय आरो जौगानायखौ हेफाजाब होयो, जाया देहा, समाजआरि, सानहाबनाय, आरो साफ्रामबो खुदियानि बुजिनो हानाय जौगाहोनो। They engage parents in their children's learning and help them in making progress toward their educational, literacy and employment goals. बिसोर बिसोरनि गथ’फरोनि सोलोंनायाव बिमा-बिफाफोरखौ मुखुब खानालामो आरो बिसोरनि सोलोंथायारि, सोलोंथायनि हार आरो खामानि मावनायनि थांखिफोर फारसे जौगानाय खालायनायाव बिसोरखौ हेफाजाब होयो। This finding is similar to earlier findings from the same study, showing that higher quality of care is associated with more favorable consequences than lower quality of care. एखे बिजिरनायनिफ्राइ बे दिहुनथाइया सिगां दिहुनथाइफोरजों एखे, दिनथिदोंदि जोथोननि गोजौ गुणया जोथोननि खम गुणनिख्रुइ बांसिन अरजाथाव फिथाइजों लोब्बा गोनां। This link between increased time a child spent in non maternal care and decreased quality of the mother-child interaction is smaller than the link between the higher level of the mother's education. सासे खुदियाया बिमा-बाइदि नङै जोथोनाव गोबां सम थानाय आरो बिमा-खुदिया रायदावलायनाय नि खमायनाय गुणनि गेजेराव बे सोमोन्दोया बिमाफोरनि सोलोंथाइनि गोजौ थाखोनि गेजेराव सोमोन्दोनिख्रुइ फिसासिन। This link is sufficiently small so that it can be detected only under conditions in which other predictors of the quality of mother-child interaction are equivalent or are accounted for statistically. बे सोमोन्दोया थोजासेयै फिसा जाहाते बेखौ मोनसे बाथ्रा सिङावल’ सिनायनो हायो जायाव बिमा-खुदिया रायदावलायनायनि गुणनि गुबुन नायखांगिरिफोरा समान एबा स्तेथिसथिखेलिनि थाखाय हिसाब खालामजादों। Through its divisions in 50 subfields of psychology and affiliations with 58 state, territorial and Canadian provincial associations, APA works to advance psychology as a science, as a profession and as a means of promoting human welfare. गोसो बिगियाननि 50 साब-फिल्दाव 58 हादरजों सोमोन्जो गोनांफोराव बेफोरनि रान्नायनि गेजेरजों, ओनसोलारि आरो कानादियान ओनसोलनि आफादपोर, मोनसे बिगियान हिसाबै, मोनसै फालांगि हिसाबै आरो मोनसे सुबुं गाहामथि जौगानायनि हिसाबै जेरै गोसो बिगियानखौ आउगायनो APAया खामानि मावो। To different ways of thinking--children's language abilities and thinking skills are better than under conditions that are less enriched. गुबुन गुबुन सान्नायनि गाहाफोरनि बादिब्ला—गथ’फरोनि राव बुंनाय गोहोफोर आरो सान्नो हानाय रोंगौथिफोरा बाथ्रानि सिंङाव जायफोरा खम बारायनानिख्रुइ हामसिन। To foster the development of a continuum of family centered services, and to advocate for a community that shares responsibility for the healthy development of children and families of all cultures. नखरारि सिबियारिफोरनि सोलिलांबाय थानायनि जौगानायखौ थुलुंगाहोनो, आरो सुबुं समाजनि थाखाय फारसे जानो जाय गथ’नि आरो गासै हारिमुनि नखरफोरनि गुफुं देरबोनायनि थाखाय बिबान रानलायो। To present a comprehensive view of the regular weekly experiences of children under 15 years old, this report also shows the incidence of children enrolled in school and enrichment activities (such as sports, lessons, clubs, and after- and before-school care programs). 15 बोसोर बैसो सेङाव गथ’नि सारासनस्रा हफ्ता मोनफ्रामबोनि रोंमोनदांथिफोरनि मोनसे गुवार सानस्रि दिन्थिनो, बे पोरमायनायाबो फरायसालियाव आरो माउथिपोर जौगानायाव( जेरै बाइदि खेला-दुलापोर, बोसोनफोर, आफादफोर, आरो फरायसालि जोथोन हाबाफारिफोरनि उन आरो सिगाङाव) गथ’ मुं थिसनजानायनि जाथाय दिन्थियो। Twenty-four percent of the recruited families were members of an ethnic minority. गुवार लाफाजानाय नखरफोरनि नैजि ब्रै जौखोन्दोफोरा गाहाय थाखोनि थागिबिनि सोद्रोमामोन। Variation in the number of hours in child care was related to both the mother's behavior toward her children and the children's positive engagement of the mother in their interactions. बिसोरनि रायदावलायनायफोराव बिमानि खुदिया जोथोनाव समफोरनि अनजिमायाव सोलाइ-सोल’ जानाया गावनि गथ’ आरो गथ’फोरनि गाहाम मुजिनाय फारसे बिमाफोरनि आखु फारनैबोजोंबो सोमोन्दो गोनांमोन। We look forward to working with all of you to make this a resource that will change and improve the way we all do business. जों नोंसोर बयजोंबो खामानि माव1नो बेखौ मोनसे फुंखा बानायनो मिजिं थियो जाया सोलायगोन आरो जों बयबो फालांगि खालामनाय लामाखौ जौगाहोगोन। When families are not similar in terms of these other predictors of the quality of mother-child interaction, the link between hours spent in child care and mother-child interaction can be difficult to detect. जेब्ला नखरफोरा बे गुबुन नायखांग्राफोरनि बिमा-खुदिया रायदावलायनायनि गुणनि रादायफोराव एखे नङा, खुदिया जोथोनाव घन्तसो सम थानाया आरो बिमा-खुदिया रायदावलायनायनि गेजेराव सोमोन्दोखौ हमदांनो गोब्राब जोनो हागौ। With your assistance, we can make the ECLKC one of the most valuable tools available to the Early Childhood community. नोंनि हेफाजाबजों, जों ECLKC खौ सिगां उन्दैसम सुबुं समाजनो मोनसे बांसिन बेसेनगोनांसिन आइजें आइलाफोर मोन्नो हानाय दानो हायो। 6 children currently receiving vocational training: 2 tailoring, 2 car repairs, 1 electrical and 1 printing. दासानदि सा 6 गथ’फोरा भकेसनेल फोरोंथाय आजावगासिनो दं: सा 2 तैलरिं, सा 2 गारि फाहामग्रा, सा 1 मोब्लियारि आरो सा साफायग्रा। A nurse travels between villages, supporting the health workers and providing education and medical care. सासे जोथोनगिरिया गामिफोरनि गेजेराव दावबायो, देहा मावथिफोरखौ हेफाजाबहोनानै आरो सोलोंथाय आरो मेदिकेल जोथोन जगायनानै। Along with the industrial and commercial growth in the city, has come many problems, in particular the emergence of many new slums and the increase of street children. नोगोराव दारिमिनारि आरो फालांगियारि जौगानायजों लोगोसे गोबां जेंनाफोरबो फैबाय, गुबैयै गोबां गोदान गोरोबबसथिफोर नुजाथिनाय आरो लामादिङा गथ’फोरनि बांनाय। Although the Government has promised to provide health services to each and every village of the state, but due to lack of proper communication systems many tribal villages are still inaccessible. जुदिबो सोरखारा हादोरसानि गंफ्रोमबो गामिनो देहा आबारफोर जगायनो समायलाबाय, नाथाय मोजां फोनांजाब आदबफोरनि आंखालनि थाखाय गोबां त्राइबेल गामिफोर दासिम मोनहासयै जानानै दं। As well as providing a safe place for the children to stay and food for them to eat. लोगोसेनो गथ’फोरनो थानो थाखाय रैखाथि जायगा आरो जानो बिसोरनो आदार जगायनाय। At the centre there is a tailoring course, where the boys can learn to make things such as bags and soft toys. मिरुयाव मोनसे तैलरिं फोरोंआयदा दं, जेराव हौवासाफोरा मुवाफोर बानायनो सोलोंनो हायो जेरै जलंगाफोर आरो गुरै फुथुलाफोर। At the same time, the amount of slum areas, as well as the number of children living on the streets has also grown. एखे समाव, गोरिबबसति आनसोलफोरनि बिबां, लोगोसे लामादिङाफोराव थानाय गथ’फोरनि बिबाङाबो बांबाय। Bangalore City has grown to be one of the major industrial and commercial centres in India. बेंगालर नोगोरा भारताव मोनसे गाहाय दारिमिनारि आरो फालांगियारि मिरुफोर बायदि जौगाबाय। Childcare centres to provide general health care, as well as regular check ups at least every six months. सरासनस्रा देहा जोथोन लोगोसे खमसेखम मोनफ्रोम द’ दानाव सरासनस्रा आनजादफोर जागायनो खुदियाजोथोन मिरुफोर। Children under 5 to take part in a nutritional supplement program to fight against malnutrition. मेलनिउत्रिसन हेंथायै दावहानांनो मोनसे निउत्रेसनेल हाबाफारियाव बाहागोलानो 5 बोसोर सिंनि गथ’फोर। Developing a nutritional supplement program for all children under the age of five. बा बैसो सिंनि गासै गथ’फोरनि थाखाय मोनसे निउत्रिसनेल जगायनाय हाबाफारि जौगाहोनाय। Disease and malnutrition are wide spread and every day children are dying of preventable and curable illnesses. बेराम आरो मेलनिउत्रिसनेलफोरा गुवार गोसारनाय आरो सानफ्रोमबो गथ’फोरा होबथाथाव आरो फाहामथाव लोमजानायफोराव थैगासिनो दं। Funding a health clinic staffed by qualified nurses which services the villages. गोरों जोथोनगिरिफोरजों सामलायजानाय मोनसे देहा क्लिनकनो रांअनसुंथायनाय जाय गामिफोरखौ आबार खालामो। Helping the health workers and village elders to develop a relationship with different government bodies. गुबुन गुबुन सोरखारि आफादफोरजों मोनसे सोमोनदो जौगाहोनो देहा मावथिफोर आरो गामि बैसोगोराफोरखौ हेफाजाब होनाय। Here most of our pregnant women are following the precautions except a few who can’t take rest during this period due to their family problems. बेवहाय जोंनि बांसिन गोरबोथानाय आयजोफोरा सांग्रांथिफोरखौ बाहायगासिनो दं, सानैसोनि अनगायै जायफोरा बे समाव बिसोरनि नखरारि जेंनाफोरनि थाखाय जिरायनाय लानो हाया। Holding health checkups every six months for all women and children. गासै आयजोफोर आरो गथ’फोरनि थाखाय मोनफ्रोम द दानाव देहा आनजादफोर खुंनाय। In 2002, there were 40 children actually living at the centre full time, with the rest of the children coming to the centers on a daily basis. 2002 आव, सरासनस्रायै मिरुयाव आबुं सम थाबायथाग्रा 40 गथ’फोर दंमोन, आद्रा गथ’फोरा मिरुफोराव सानसेयारि बायदियैसो फैयो। In 2005 UCOA sent $26,383 to Bangalore to support this project. 2005 आव एउ.चि.अ.एआ बे आसनिखौ हेफाजाब होनो बेंगालरसिम $26,383 दैथायहरदोंमोन। It is estimated that there are approximately 45,000 street children in the city. बेखौ हमनालानायजादों दि नोगोराव फ्राय 45,000 लामादिङा गथ’फोर दं। It is giving them an alternative to the poverty and destruction they are caught up in. बेयो बिसोरनो बोसोर भुगिनांनाय गैजारोङै आरो जोबस्रांथियाव मोमसे नैथिराहा होगासिनो दं। It was a rainy evening when Madhu of Nuaguda village, in the tribal Koraput district of Orissa, went into labour. बेयो अखाहानाय बेलासिमोन जेब्ला अरिससानि त्राइबेल करापुत जिललानि नुवागुदा गामिनि मधुया उदै साखांदोंमोन। It was my first child and I was totally unaware of newborn care. बेयो आंनि गिबि गथ’मोन आरो आं उजिगोदान जोथोननि बागै आबुङै मिथियामोन। Kamala Khilo is one among six women of Nuaguda village who has received the Mother and Child Protection Care training organised by the ANKUR initiative of UNICEF. कमला खिल’आ नुवागुदा गामिनि द’आयजोनि मादाव सासे जाय एउ.एन.आइ.चि.इ.एफ नि ए.एन.खे.एउ.आर मावआगानजों खुंजानाय बिमा आरो गथ’ रैखा जोथोन फोरोंथायखौ आजावदोंमोन। Kamala Khilo, a Self Help Group member of the same village came to Madhu’s rescue and took her to the district hospital, about 70 kms from the village. एखे गामिनि सासे गाव सुंथा हान्जा सोद्रोमा, कमला खिल’या मधुनि रैखाथिनि थाखाय फैदोंमोन आरो बिखौ गामिनिफ्राय 70 kms याव थानाय जिल्ला देहाफाहामसालियाव लांदोंमोन। Kamala Khilo, who saved the life of Madhu and her child herself had been a victim of such ignorance. कमला खिल’या, जाय मधु आरो बिनि गथ’नि जिवखौ गावनोगाव रैखा खालामदोंमोन, बे बायदि नेउसिथिनि सासे भुगिगिरि जानांदोंमोन। Kamala silently waited for the doctor to come out of the Operation Theatre. कमलाया सिरियै अपारेसन थिएतारनि बायजोयाव दोहाफाहामगिरि फैनायखौ नेदोंमोन। Madhu’s condition turned critical but her family was reluctant to take her to the hospital. मधुनि थासारिया गोब्राब महरलादोंमोन नाथाय बिनि नखरा बिखौ देहाफाहामसालि लांनो गोसो होयाखैमोन। Maliguda is yet another village emulating the Nuaguda example. मालगुदिया नुवागुदा बिदिनथिजों गोरोबफानाय गुबुनमोनसेबाव गामि। Many government development initiatives have bypassed these tribal areas as they are so isolated and transport is always a major problem. गोबां सोरखारि जौगालु मावआगानफोरा बेफोर त्राइबेल ओनसोलफोरखौ नेवसिलांदों मानोना बेफोर जोबोर गोगलैसोनाय आरो हानथामेलाया अरायबो गाहाय जेंना। Many of the children earn money working as rag pickers, fruit vendors, boot polishers and pick pocketers. गोबां गथ’फोरा जिलाजिथा खनथुमग्रा, फिथाइ बेफारि, जुथा मानजिग्रा आरो पकेतमार महरै खामानिमावनानै रां आरजियो। Many of the children living on the streets are illiterate and have had little or no education. लामादिङाफोराव थानाय गोबां गथ’फोरानो लेखारोङै आरो एसे एबा जेबो सोलोंथाय गैया। Many of the street children in Bangalore have come to the city in search of employment and a new start. बेंगालरनि गोबां लामादिङा गथ’फोरा साख्रि आरो मोनसे गोदान जागायथि नागिरनानै नोगोराव फैबाय। Many of them are illiterate or have had very little education. बिसोरनि गोबाङानो लेखारोङै एबा जोबोर एसेल’ सोलोंथाय दं। Melghat and Churni are two of the most isolated and disadvantaged areas in the state of Maharashtra. मेलघात आरो सुरनिया महारासत्र’ होदोरसानि मोननै जोबोर गोगलैसोनाय आरो खाबुगोयै ओनसोलफोर। Melghat and Churni, the two areas where the project is taking place, are located in the Satpura mountain ranges in the Amravati District of Maharashtra State. मेलघात आरो सुरनिया, मोननै ओनसोल जेराव आसनिया जायगालागासिनो दं, महारासत्र’ होदोरसानि अराभति जिलानि सातपुरा हाजो खंखारफोराव दं। More than 450 children have been helped to this project for children. गथ’फोरनि बे आसनियाव 450निख्रुइ बांसिन गथ’फोरा हेफाजाबहोजाबाय। Most of our children were not immunized in those days. Now UNICEF and its training have opened our eyes. जोंनि गथ’फोरनि बांसिनानो बैफोर सानफोराव इमिउनाइज होजायाखैमोन। दा एउ.नि.चि.फ आरो बेनि फोरोंथाया जोंनि मेगनखौ बेखेवबाय। Most of the children have already dropped out of school and if they do not want to return, the staff encourage them to learn other skills. गथ’फोरनि बांसिनानो फरायसालि नगारखाबाय आरो जुदि बिसोर थांफिननो लुबैया, मावथिहानजाया गुबुन रोंगुनफोरखौ सोलोंनो बिसोरखौ थुलुंगायो। Most of them have no family network to rely on for support. बिसोरनि बाहांसिनहा हेफाजाबनि थाखाय सोनारनो जेबो नख’रारि दालायफोर गैया। Now all four pregnant women have had their babies in the hospital and no woman wants to deliver at home anymore. दानिया गासै साब्रै गोरबोथानाय आयजोफोरा देहाफाहामसालियाव गावसोरनि खुदियाफोरखौ मोनबाय आरो रावबो आयजोयानो न’आव जोनोमहोनो माब्लाबो लुबैया। Otherwise all the 21 children in our village are immunized by now and four women out of six had institutional delivery. दासिम नङाब्ला गासै 21 गथ’फोरा जोंनि गामियाव एमिउनाइज खालामजाखांबाय आरो द’नि मादाव साब्रै आयजोफोरा फसंथानारि जोनोमहोदोंमोन। Running the health centre and paying for staff, nutritional supplements for the children, training of village health workers. देहा मिरु सालायनाय आरो मावहानजाफोरनो बेथन होनाय, गथ’फोरनि थाखाय निउत्रिसनेल, गामि देहा मावथिफोरनि फोरोंथाय। She lost her first child because the untrained Dai cut the child’s umbilical cord just after his birth with a sharp piece of tile. बियो गावनि गिबि गथ’खौ खोमादेंमोन मानोना सोलोंथायगैयै डाइया गथ’नि उथुमै रोदाखौ बिनि जोनोमनि एसे उनावनो ताइलनि मोनसे गोफार थुख्राजों हासदोंमोन। She was in an advanced stage of delivery and had developed complications that the untrained village Dai (traditional midwife) could not handle. बियो जोनोमहोनायनि मोनसे जौगाखानाय थासारियाव दंमोन आरो जेंनाफोर सोमजिहोदोंमोन जायखौ सोलोंथायगैयै डाइया (दोरोङारि धाइ) सामलायनो हायाखैमोन। Since maternal mortality and infant mortality rates are pretty high in Koraput, this kind of initiative definitely helps in bringing about a change in the long term. बिमायारि थैथाय आरो खुदिया थैथाय हारफोरा करापुताव जोबोरैनो गोबांखाय, बे रोखोमनि मावआगाना थारैनो गोलावसमाव मोनसे सोलायनाय लाबोनायाव हेफाजाब होयो। Social workers and other staff from the centre meet the children at designated spots throughout the city, such as train stations and markets. मिरुनिफ्राय समाज मावथिफोर आरो गुबुन मावहानजाया नोगोरनाङै गनायथिजानाय जायगाफोराव गथ’फोरखौ लोगोहमो, जेरै रेल स्तेसन आरो हाथायफोर। Some needs of children of are food and clothing, blankets and bedding, resources for the training courses, counseling services. गथ’फोरनि खायसे गोनांथिफोरा जादों आदार आरो सि-जोम, कमबलफोर आरो एम, फोरोंथाय आयदाफोरनि थाखाय फुंखाफोर, मोगामोगि आबारफोर। Some of the villages in the region are completely inaccessible by road because of the mountainous conditions, and other villages are at times completely cut off from the outside world due to bad weather. ओनसोलनि खायसे गामिफोरा हाजोयारि थासारिनि थाखाय लामाजों फुरायै हाबैजाथावै, आरो गोबां समाव गुबुन गामिफोरा गाज्रि बोथोरनि थाखाय बायजो बुहुमनिफ्राय फुरायै सोमोनदो दानसजायो। Still not convinced, Madhu’s husband was very annoyed and threatened Kamala that if anything should happen to Madhu or the child then he would kill her. दासिम मानि होजायै, मधुनि फिसाया जोबोर रागा जोंदोंमोन आरो कमलाखौ दाद्रिदोंमोन दि जुदि मधु एबा गथ’आ माबाफोर जायोब्ला बियो बिखौ बुथारगोन। Suka Ram, Madhu’s husband apologized to Kamala and handed over his newborn son to her saying that the baby belonged to her as it was only because of her that the child and mother survived. सुका राम, मधुनि फिसाया कमलानाव निमाहा बिदोंमोन आरो खुदियाया बिनिसो बुंनानै गावनि उजिगोदान फिसाज्लाखौ बिनो गथायदोंमोन मानोना बिनि थाखायसो गथ’ आरो बिमाया बासिदोंमोन। The Amravati District is about 200km west of Nagpur, the 2nd city of the state (Mumbai is the capital). आमराबति जिलाया नागपुरनि 200 कि.मिफ्राम सोनाबथिंजाय दं, हादोरसानि 2थि नोगोर (मुमबैया राजथावनि)। The Children in Crisis project is a project of the Church of South India (CSI), one of our partner churches in India. आंखालथियाव गथ’फोर आसनिया खोला भारतनि गिरजानि (चि.एस.आइ) मोनसे आसनि, भारताव थानाय जोंनि लोगो गिरजाफोरनि मोनसे। The Children in Crisis project is an activity of the Uniting Church in Australia's partner church, the Church of South India . आंखालथियाव गथ’फोर आसनिया असत्रेलियानि लोगो गिरजायाव इउनाइतिं गिरजानि मोनसे हाबाफारि, खोला भारतनि गिरजा। The Children in Crisis project is focused around two main centres, both located in the middle of the city. आंखालथियाव गथ’फोर आसनिया फ्राय मोननै गुबै मिरुफोराव जरहोजादों, मोननैबो नोगोरनि गेजेराव दं। The Children in Crisis project is located in the middle of Bangalore City in the south of India. आंखालथियाव गथ’फोर आसनिया भारतनि खोलायाव बेंगालर नोगोरनि गेजेराव दं। The city itself has a population of 5.2 million people. नोगोरा गावहानो 5.2 मिलियन मानसिफोरनि सुबुं अनजिमा दं। The doctor also thanked Kamala for bringing Madhu to the hospital in time, as otherwise, it would have been difficult to save her life. देहाफाहामगिरियाबो थि समाव मधुखौ देहाफाहामसालियाव लाबोनायनि थाखाय साबायखरहोदोंमोन, नङाब्ला, बिनि जिवखौ बासायनो गोब्राब जागौमोन। The establishment of ten childcare centres in the villages. गामिफोराव मोनजि गथ’जोथान मिरुफोर गायसननाय। The fourth day of training was about pre -school education, girls’ education, handling dropout children, water and sanitation. फोरोंथायनि ब्रैथि-साना आबुं-फरायसालि सोलोंथाय, हिनजावसाफोरनि सोलोंथाय, फरायसालिनागारनाय गथ’फोरखौ सामलायनाय, दै आरो साखन-सिखोन खालामनाय सोमोनदैमोन। The Karnataka Central Diocese, in which Bangalore is located, coordinates the project. करनातका मिरु दायचिसआ जेराव बेंगालरा दं, आस’निखौ सामलायो। The main centre is called 'Makkala Ashraya Kendra' which means 'shelter of refuge for children who are in crisis'. गुबै मिरुखौ ‘मककाला आस्रय केनद्र’ गाबज्रिजायो जाय ‘ गथ’फोरनि थाखाय रिफिउजिनि आस्रय ओंथिफोरमायो जायफोरा जेंनायाव दं ’। The Mother and Child care program is a program of the Church of North India, a partner church of the Uniting Church in Australia. बिमा आरो गथ’ जोथोन हाबाफारिया साहा भातनि गिरजानि मोनसे हाबाफारि, असत्रेलियानि इउनाइतिं गिरजानि मोनसे लोगो गिरजा। The Nagpur Diocese of the Church of North India is responsible for coordinating the Mother and Childcare project. साहा भारतनि गिरजानि नागपुर दाइअचिसआ बिमा आरो गथ’जोथान आसनिखौ सामलायनायनि थाखाय बिबानगोनां। The objective of the project is to promote mother and child care in two of the most isolated and disadvantaged tribal areas in Nagpur – Melghat and Churni. आसनिनि थांखिया नागपुरनि मोननै जोबोर गोगलैसोनाय आरो खाबु गैयै त्राइबेल ओनसोलफोर- मोलघात आरो सुरनियाव बिमा आरो गथ’ जोथोनखौ फोसावदिंनाय। The people here are suffering and UCOA believes that we should support our partner, the Church of North India in their mission to build a society where each person, including the poor, the oppressed and the marginalised, have access to the basic necessities of life. बेवहाय सुबुंफोरा भुगिगासिनो आरो एउ.चि.अ.एआ फोथायो दि जों जोंनि लोगोखौ The project also encourages the children to return to school and gain an education, or to undertake vocational training programs to help them gain employment. आसनिया गथ’फोरखौ फरायसालियाव थांफिननो आरो सोलोंथाय आरजिनो, एबा बिसोरखौ साख्रि मोननायाव हेफाजाब होनो भकेसनेल फोरोंथाय हाबाफारिफोर आजावनोबो थुलुंगायो। The project consists of a number of different sections - Training programs to teach mothers about basic nutrition and preventative health care. आसनिया गोबां आलादा आलादा बाहागोफोरजों दाजानाय- बिमाफोरखौ गुदि निउत्रिसन आरो होबथागोनां देहा जोथोन सोमोनदै फोरोंनो फोरोंथाय हाबाफारिफोर। The project is currently in its seventh year and in 2006, UCOA has made a commitment to provide $22,500 in financial support. आसनिया दासानदि गावनि स्निथि बोसोराव दं आरो 2006आव, राङारि हेफाजाबाव   एउ.चि.अ.एआ $22,500 जगायनो मोनसे सतबांसा खालामदोंमोन। The project works with children living on the streets of Bangalore City. आसनिया बेंगालर नोगोरनि लामादिङाफोराव थानाय गथ’फोरजों खामानिमावो। The second centre was established in the second half of 2002, and is a day centre located in a hall that a local church has allowed the project to use. नैथि मिरुखौ 2002नि नैथि खावसेयाव गायसनदोंमोन, आरो मोनसे हलाव थानाय मोनसे सान मिरु जायखौ जायगायारि गिरजाया आसनिनो बाहायनो हगारनाहोबाय। The SHG members of Maliguda have also received the training and are implementing the regimen in their village. मालिगुदानि एस.एद्स.जि सोद्रोमाफोराबो फोरोंथायखौ आजावबाय आरो रेजिमेनखौ बिसोरनि गामियाव बाहायगासिनो दं। The SHG members visit each and every household and motivate pregnant women to take care of themselves as well as make them aware of the immunization necessary for the children. एस.एद्स.जि सोद्रोमाफोरा मोनफ्रोमबो नखराव दावबायो आरो गोरबोथानाय आयजोफोरखौ गावसोरनोगाव जोथोन लानो थलुंगायो लोगोसे गथ’फोरनि थाखाय इमिउनाइजेसन गोनांथियाव बिसोरखौ सांग्रां खालामो। The staff try to build relationships with the children and encourage them to visit the centre. मावहानजाया गथ’फोरजों सोमोनदोफोर दानो नाजायो आरो मिरुयाव दावबायहैनो बिसोरखौ थुलुंगायो। The street children are easily drawn in to gangs and then become involved in violence and petty theft. लामादिङा गथ’फोरा गोरलैयै गुनदाहानजायाव बोलांजायो आरो उनाव हिंसा आरो फिसाफिला सिखावाव हाबहैयो। The street children in Bangalore have great needs for their life. बेंगालरनि लामादिङा गथ’फोरहा गावसोरनि जिवनि थाखाय गोबां गोनांथिफोर दं। The train station was chosen as one of the meeting spots, as a way for staff to meet children that are arriving in Bangalore from other cities. गुबुन नोगोरफोरनिफ्राय बेंगालराव सफैनाय गथ’फोरखौ लोगोहमनो मावहानजानि थाखाय मोनसे लामा महरै रेल स्तेसनखौ मोनसे लोगोहमनाय जायगा महरै सायखदोंमोन। The tribal community needs to be aware of the fact that to some extent their ignorance about mother and childcare is also responsible for the high MMR and IMR in the district. थारखोथानि सायाव त्राइबेल माहारिया सांग्रांथिजानाया गोनांदि बिसोरनि बिमा आरो गथ’जोथोन सोमोनदै नेवसिथिगोसोयाबो जिलायाव बांसिन MMR आरो IMRनि थाखाय एसे दायनिगिरि। There are a number of ways that the project aims to improve and encourage mother and childcare in the tribal villages. बेवहाय गोबां राहाफोर दं जायखौ आसनिया त्राइबेल गामिफोराव बिमा आरो गथ’जोथोनखौ जौगाहोनो आरो थुलुंगानो थांखिलायो। There are also other courses outside the centre, such as carpentry, driving and motor mechanics, that other boys attend. मिरुनि बायजोयावबो गुबुन फोरोंआयदाफोर दं, जेरैबादि कातमिसत्रि, गारिसालायनाय आरो मेकिनक, जायफोरखौ गुबुन हौवासाफोरा बाहागोलायो। There are currently 650 slums in Bangalore that are recognized by the Government. दासानदिस बेंगालराव 650 गोरोबबसथिफोर दं जायफोरा सोरखारजों सिनायथिजानाय। These children are bored, they have no purpose in life and so they simply roam the streets looking for things to do. बेफोर गथ’फोरा बाखाङो, बिसोरहा जिवाव जेबो थांखि थाया आरो बेनिखायनो खामानिमावनो मुवाफोर नागिरनानै लामादिङाफोराव ओरैनो गिदिंलाबायो। They are also informing them about sanitation and mother / childcare. बिसोर बिसोरखौ साखोनसिखोन आरो बिमा/गथ’जोथाननि सोमोनदैबो फोरमायगासिनो दं। They were also trained in care of children from 0 to 3 years. 0 निफ्राय 3 बोसोरनि गथ’फोरनि जोथोनाव बिसोरबो फोरोंजादोंमोन।। This often results in them becoming involved in street gangs and crime to past the time. बेयो एखनबा बिसोरखौ लामादिङा गुनदाहानजाफोराव गोरोबफाहोयो आरो सम बारग’होनो दायगोनां खामानि मावहोयो। This project aims to give children an alternative to this type of life on the streets. बे आसनिया लामादिङाफोराव बे रोखोम जिवखुंग्रानो मोनसे नैथिराहा गथ’फोरनो होनो थांखि लायो। This project is encouraging children to gain an education or vocational skills to help them find meaningful employment. बे आस’निया गथ’फोरखौ बिसोरनो ओंथिगोनां साख्रि मोननो हेफाजाबहोनो सोलोंथाय एबा भकेसनेल रोंगुनफोर आरजिनो थुलुंगाहोगासिनो। This training has been imparted to the women from the 60 self-help groups of 67 villages in Potangi block. पतानगि खोनदोयाव 67 गामिफोरनि 60 गाव-सुंथा हानजाफोरनिफ्राय आइजोफोरनो बे फोरोंथायखौ होनायजादों। To her great relief, when he finally emerged, the doctor announced that the mother and child were both fine. Today in this village all the children have been immunized. Prior to the training, there were just no institutional deliveries, although the local PHC (Primary Health Centre) is just one kilometre away. दिनै बे गामियाव गासै गथ’आनो इमिउनाइज खालामजाबाय। फोरोंथायनि सिगां, मोनसेबो फसंथानारि जोनोमहोनायफोर गैयामोन, जुदिबो जायगायारि पि.एद्स.चिआ (Primary Health Centre) से किलमिटारल’ गोजान। Training local women as basic health workers to teach preventative healthcare. होबथागोनां देहाजोथोनखौ फोरोंनो जायगायारि आयजोफोरखौ गुदि देहा मावथिफोर महरै फोरोंनाय। UCOA began its support of the Mother and Childcare project in 2002. इउ.चि.अ.एआ 2002याव बिमा आरो गथ’जोथोन आसनियाव गावनि हेफाजाबखौ जागायदोंमोन। UCOA has provided a motorbike to enable her to travel to the villages. इउ.चि.अ.एआ बिखौ गामिफोराव दावबायनो हाहोनो गंसे मटरबाइक जगायदों। Under the four-day training programme, the SHG members were taught about pre and post natal care for the mother and care of the newborn infant from 0 to 6 months of age. ब्रै-सान फोरोंथाय हाबाफारि सिङाव, बिमानि थाखाय आगु आरो उन जोनोम जोथोन आरो 0निफ्राय 6 दान बैसोनि उजिगोदान खुदियानि जोथोन सोमोनदै एस.एद्स.जि सोद्रोमाफोरखौ फोरोङोमोन। Under this training programme we have not only given them training on mother and child care but also taught them to monitor the process on their own and to spread awareness among others in the village. बे फोरोंथाय हाबाफारि सिङाव जों बिसोरनो बिमा आरो गथ’ जोथोनावल’ फोरोंथाय होयाखै नाथाय गावसोरनो गाव बिखानथिखौ नायदिंनो आरो गामियाव गुबुनफोरनि गेजेराव सांग्रांथि गोसारहोनोबो बिसोरखौ फोरोंदोंमोन। We used to think that immunization is harmful for newborns so we used to hide our children when the doctors came to our village. जों सानोमोन दि इमिउनायजेसना उजिगोदानफोरनि थाखाय खहागोनां बेखायनो जेब्ला देहाफाहामगिरिफोरा जोंनि गामियाव फैयोमोन जों जोंनि गथ’फोरखौ दोनखोमायोमोन। While describing this incident, a quiet joy gleamed on Kamala’s face. बे जाथायखौ बिजिरनाय समाव, कमलानि मोखाङाव निजोम रंजानाय बेरस्रांदोंमोन। With ongoing support the centers can give these children the encouragement they need to gain an education or vocational skills, as well as providing them with much needed emotional support. सोलिबायथानाय हेफाजाबजों मिरुफोरा बेफोर गथ’फोरनो बिसोरनो सोलोंथाय एबा भकेसनेल रोंगुनफोर आरजिनो नांगौ जानाय थुलुंगाखौ होनो हायो, लोगोसे बिसोरनो जोबोर नांगौजानाय आबेगारि हेफाजाब होनाय। 19 million infants in the developing world have low birth weight (less than 2500 grams). 8.3 million are in India. जौगाफु बुहुमाव 19 मिलियन खुदियाफोरहा खम जोनोम लिरथाय दं (2500 ग्रामनिख्रुइ खम)। 8.3 मिलियनया भारताव दं। 27 percent of children under five years have a birth certificate in India. भारताव बा बोसोर सिंनि गथ’फोरनि 27 जौखोनदोहा जोनोम फोरमानबिलाइ दं। About 25 per cent of children under age five in the world are underweight. बुहुमाव बा बैसो सिंनि गथ’फोरनि फ्राय 25 जौखोनदोया खम लिरथायगोनां। About 38 per cent of children in the developing countries are initiated to breastfeeding within one hour of birth. जौगालु हादोरफोराव गथ’फोरनि फ्राय 38 जौखोनदोया जोनोमनि से घन्टानि गेजेरावनो आबुगाइखेर जाहोनो जागायजेनजायो। Whether the outbreak is due to hepatitis A or E, the measures for prevention and control are similar. जेब्ला हरखाब साग्लोबनाय हेपाटाइटिस- ए आरो इ नि थाखाय जायो, होबथानाय आरो दैदेननायनि राहाया एखे रोखोमनि जायो।सस 11 more species of mosquito have been incriminated as vectors of JE. मोन जिसे हारिसानिबो बांसिन थाम्फैफोरखौ जे,इ, भेक्टरनि खहा खालामनायाव लोबबा दंमोन होनाना साननाय जादों। A fourfold rise in IgG antibody titre in paired sera taken at an interval of 10 days or more is confirmatory. मोनब्रै खोलोबारि IgG एन्टिबदि टाइटतखौ जरा जरायै जि साननि आन्थोराव सेरायाव लानाय जादोंमोन एबा बांसिन थि जानो हादोंमोन। A killed JE vaccine is produced at the Central Research Institute (CRI), Kasauli from the brain of suckling mice inoculated with the Nakayama JE strain. नाकायामा जे,इ, फोलेरारि गोहोमजों होबथानायनि गुरै राहा महरै आहार सोबनाय इनजर मेलेमनिफ्राय मिरुवारि बिजिरसं फसंथान कासुवालियाव मोनसे बुथारनाय जे,इ,भेक्सिनखौ दिहुन्दोंमोन। A surveillance system should be established so that any case of encephalopathy is immediately reported to the local health authorities. मोनसे नोजोरथिंनाय राहाखौ गायसननाया मोजां जाहाथे एनकेफेलथिनि जायखि जाया खारिथिखौ जायगानि सावस्रि खुंथायनो थाबैनो फोरमायनो हायो। Active surveillance through key individuals in the community should be encouraged in the high risk pockets, for example, places where piggeries are commercially established. सानैसो गुबै सुबुंफोरनि हेफाजाबै गोख्रों नोजोरथिंनायखौ समाजाव मोननैसो दायगोनां जायगायाव खालामनो थुलुंगा होनाया मोजां, बिदिन्थि महरै जाय जायगायाव फालांगियारि महरै अमा गन्द्रा गायसनदों। Acute viral hepatitis is such a sufficiently distinct clinical syndrome that it usually poses no difficulty in diagnosis. सांग्रां भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिसा मोनसे एरैबादि बांद्राय एखुथा फाहामथाय सिन्द्रमदि बेयो गमामायै बेराम सिनायनायाव जेबो गोब्राबथि लाबोआ। Although, infected pigs do not manifest any overt symptoms of disease they develop tremendous viraemia and can infect the mosquitoes the pigs are considered as amplifying hosts. सन्देरजानाय अमाया बेरामनि बांद्राय लैखोन रोखा खालामब्लाबो बिसोर गोबांद्राय बेरामिया सोमजिहोयो आरो थाम्फैफोरा बारदेर होना अमाखौ गोसारदेरनायनि दैदेनग्रा महरै साननाय जादों। An increase in the incidence of diarrhea and/or typhoid fever, and poor water quality indicate impending epidemic of viral hepatitis. दाइरिया एबा टाइफयद जब्रानि बांनाय जाथाय आरो दुखुथिया दैनि गुन भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिसनि जाफ्लेबाय थानाय महामारिखौ दिन्थिनानै होयो। Antigen for conducting the tests is not yet commercially available. आनजादखौ दैदेननो थाखाय उल्था मावथिफोरा फालांगियारि महरै दाबो गोबां नङा। Blood for serological studies should be carefully collected taking due universal precautions. सेर’लगिकेल नायसंनायनि थाखाय थैखौ बयनिबो आगु सांग्रांथि लानानै जोथोनै बुथुमनाया मोजां। By analogy, viral hepatitis E is likely to follow an increase in acute diarrhea or typhoid fever following water contamination. एनालजि बायदिब्ला, दैया गाज्रि जानायखौ नायनानै भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिस-इ आ गोब्राब दायरिया एबा टाइफयद जब्राखौ बांसिन खालामनो हागौ। Case fatality rate is high in severe cases It is of 20 to 40% have been recorded. गोब्राब बेरामनि बेलायाव थैनायनि हारा 20 निफ्राय 40% सिम बांनायखौ रेबनानै दोननाय जादों। Culex mosquitoes are zoophilic, feeding primarily on animals and wild birds. किउलेक्स थाम्फैफोरा जुफिलिक, गाहायै जुनात आरो हाग्रानि दावफोरनियाव अरो एबा थांनानै थायो। Culex mosquitoes can fly for long distances (1-3 kms or even more). किउलेक्स थाम्फैफोरा1-निफ्राय 3 कि, मि, एबा बेनि बांसिन गोजान बिरनो हायो। Culex mosquitoes generally breed in water bodies with luxuriant vegetation. किउलेक्स थाम्फैफोरा सरासनस्रायै गोथां मैगं थाइगं गोनांजों लोगोसे दै बिखुङाव फिसा जोनोम होयो। Culex mosquitoes rest outdoors in vegetation and other shaded places but in summer may also rest indoors. किउलेक्स थाम्फैफोरा गोथां मैगंनि बिखुङाव आरो साइखं थावनियाव बायो नाथाय दैज्लां समावबो सिंथिं एबा अखंफारसेथिङै बायो। Disturbances of sensorium are reflected as lethargy, somnolence, irritability, apathy or loss of consciousness. सेनसरियामजों दान्थि मोनोब्ला ओलैस्रि थेन्थावनाय, मानज्लिउखांनाय, लोरबांथि एबा सांग्रांथि गोमानाय फोरा बेरखाङो। Ensuring that a separate sterile syringe and needle is used for each injection. थि जानांगोन्दि गंसे थालादासोदांनाय सिरिन्ज आरो बिजिखौ गंफ्रोमबो बिजिनि थआखाय बाहायनांगौ। Epidemics usually coincide with the monsoons and post-monsoon period when the vector density is high. जेब्ला भेक्टरनि रोजाथिया गोबां जायो दैज्लां आरो दैज्लांनि उन समावबो महामारिया गमामायै समब्रा- समब्रि गोरोबलांफायो। Epidemiological and entomological investigations are useful in leading to a presumptive diagnosis of JE. महामारि आरो इन्टमलिकेल नायसंनाया जे, इ, बेराम सिनायनायखौ फिन जागायनायाव बाहायजाथाव खालामो। Female Culex mosquitoes can transmit the virus to other hosts after an extrinsic incubation period of 9 to 12 days. 9 निफ्राय 12 साननि मादाव बिदै एबा फिसा गनायनि उनाव जो किउलेक्स थाम्फैफोरा भाइरासफोरखौ गुबुन दैदेनग्रानियावबो सन्देर होनो हायो। Female Culex mosquitoes get infected after feeding on a viraemic host. भिरामिक दैदेनग्रानियाव फिसा जोनोम होनायनि उनाव जो किउलेक्स थाम्फैफोरा सन्देर होयो। Geographical distribution-Identify the area or group affected by the outbreak-attack rates in different areas will indicate the points where contamination is occurring. भुमखौराङारि रानसारनाय, दखरा सिनायनाय एबा हानजायारि खहा खालामनाया गुबुन गुबुन ओनसोलनि हरखाब साग्लोबनाय एबा गाग्लोबनायनि हारखौ दिन्थियो जेराव गिज्राया नुजागासिनो थायो। Horses are unlikely source of mosquito infection. गरायफोरा नंखायब्लाबो थाम्फै बारदेरनायनि फुंखा। Horses develop active disease but viraemia is rarely present in high titre or for long periods. गरायफोरनियाव गोख्रों बेराम जौगायो नाथाय भिरामियायाव बांसिनै टिटार एबा गोलाव समनि थाखाय खम थायो। IEC activities for minimising the risk of faeco-orally transmitted diseases should be undertaken in the community. फेक’-अरेलि बारदेरनाय बेरामनि बिबानखौ खमायनो थाखाय समाजाव आइ,इ,सि हाबा-हुखाखौ आजावनाया मोजां। If an outbreak of JE is suspected it must be reported immediately to the district health office. जेब्ला जे,इ, नि मोनसे हरखाब साग्लोबनायनि सन्देह जादोंब्ला बेखौ थाबैनो जिला सावस्रि मावखआव फोरमायहैथारनांगौ। If field investigations indicate malariogenic, conditions illness is clinically compatible and anti-malaria treatment is effective, a probable digresses of malaria in made. जेब्ला दखरारि नासंनाया मेलेरिअजेनिकखौ दिन्थियो थाथायारि लोमजानाया फाहामथायाव गोरोबगोन आरो मेलेरियानि हेंथायै लानाय फाहामथाया खामानि होगोन, मेलेरियानि खमायनाया जाथावगौ। Immediate measures are called for to reduce the density of mosquitoes by spray of insecticides. एम्फौ बुथारग्रा सारफावनायजों थाम्फैनि रोजाथिखौ खमायनो थाखाय गोख्रै राहाखौ लानाय जायो। In areas where water supply is intermittent, on-line-booster pumps can create negative pressure in the pipeline leading to suction of sewage into the water pipeline. जाय जायगायाव दै जगायनाय राहाया हां खनसेयै सोलिगासिनो थायो, अनलाइनबुस्टार बार सोनाय पाइप लाइनाव उल्था नारसिन्थाय सोरजियो जेराव दैनि पाइप लाइनाव जाबोरफोरखौ सोदांलाङो। In endemic areas, sporadic cases may occur throughout the year. महामारि जानाय ओनसोलाव बोसोरनाङै, बेरामा जेरावबो गोसारनानै थानो हागौ। In human beings, viraemia is mild and lasts for a short duration. मानसि माहारियाव भिरामियाया गुरै आरो सुंथाब समनि थाखाय थावरियो Infection in man appears to be correlated with living in close proximity with animal reservoirs, especially pigs. जुनादफोरजों खाथि सोमोन्दो लाखिनानै जिउ खुंनायनि थाखायनो मानसिनियाव बारदेरो, जरखायै अमाजों। Insist that a glass syringe and needle are boiled for 20 minutes before reuse OR a sealed disposable syringe and needle is used. गोसो होनांगोन्दि गिलास से सिरिन्ज आरो बिजिखौ बाहायनायनि सिगां 20 मिनिट सम फुदुंनानै लानांगौ एबा सिल खालामनाय सिरिन्ज आरो बिजिखौ बाहायनांगौ। Irrigated rice fields, shallow ditches and pools are common breeding places of Culex mosquitoes. दै सारनाय माइफोथार, थौले दंग’ आरो दैखर एबा फुख्रिफोरानो किउलेक्स थाम्फैफोरनि साबजाथाव फिसा जोनोम होनायनि जायगा। Isolation of patients and disinfection of secretions and excretions are not required as JE virus is not transmitted from person to person. जे,इ, भाइरासआ मानसिनिफ्राय मानसिनियाव बारदेरैनि थाखाय बेरामखौ हासिं खालामनाय आरो खिगारनाय, मैलाफोरखौ बारदेरनायनि गिनांगौ गैया। Isolation of virus from blood is almost impossible as viraemia is mild and of short duration. भिरामिया गुरै आरो सुंथाब समनि जानायनि थाखाय थैनायनिफ्राय भाइरासखौ बोखावनाया गोरलै नङा। Isolation of virus from CSF is not routinely done for diagnostic purposes. बेराम सिनायनाय खामानिनि थाखाय सि,एस, एफ, निफ्राय भाइरास बोखावनायखौ सम बायदि खालामनाय जायाखै। It is emphasized that the only way to reduce mortality due to JE is proper clinical management of cases. बेखौ गोसो होनाय जादोंदि बेरामनि जे, इ, नि थार फाहामथाय दैदेननाया थैनायखौ खमायो। It is, therefore important, that cases of JE are referred to a hospital as early as possible if encephalitis is suspected. बेखायनो बेयो गोनांथिदि- जेब्ला एनकेफेलाइटिसनि सन्देह जायो, जेसे हागौ एसेबां थाबै जे,इ, नि बागै फाहामसालिसिम दैथायहरनांगौ। Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a disease of public health importance because of its epidemic potential and high case fatality rate. जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिस बेरामा सुबुं सावस्रिजों सोमोन्दो गोनां मानोना बेहा महामारि गोहोम आरो थैनायनि हारा गोबां जायो। Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease. जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिसआ थाम्फैजों जानाय जुन्टिक बेराम। Japanese Encephalitis is caused by a group B arbovirus (flavivirus). जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिसआ एर्ब भाइरास–बि हानजाजों सोमजियो। JE virus has its natural cycle in wild or domestic vertebrates and mosquitoes. जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिस भाइरासआ हाग्रानि एबा दखरारि सिनस्रि गोनां जुनात आरो थाम्फैनियाव बेनि मिथिंगायारि बेंखनाव थायो। JE’s epidemics have also been reported in peri-urban areas where similar conditions may exist. जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिस महामारिया फिसा नोगोर ओनसोलावबो जायो जेराव एखे थासारिखौ नुनो मोनो। Long-term measures include the recommended steps for vector control under the National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP). हादरारि मेलेरिया सोखानाय हाबाफारिनि सिङाव भेक्टर होबथानायखौ गोलाव समनि रैखाथि राहा महरै गनायथिनाय जादों। Maintain surveillance for acute diarrhea, typhoid fever, and jaundice cases. गोब्राब दायरिया, टाइफयद जब्रा आरो जन्दिसनि बेलायाव नायबिजिरथिंनाय खालामनांगौ। Man is an incidental host of Japanese Encephalitis (JE)’s virus. जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिस भाइरासनि थाखाय मानसिया जाब्रथायारि दैदेनग्रा। Man to man transmission of JE has not been documented. मानसिनिफ्राय मानसिनियाव जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिस बारदेरनाया फोरमान जायाखै। Manage the existing increase in diarrhea and/or typhoid fever cases, and take corrective measures to prevent the impending outbreak of viral hepatitis. दायरिया एबा टाइफयद जब्रानि बांगासिनो थानायखौ हमथानांगौ आरो भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिसनि हरखाब जाफ्लेबाय थानायखौ होबथानायनि गोरोन्थि गोयै राहाखौ आजावनांगौ। Mosquitoes belonging to the Culex vishnui group (Culex vishnui, Culex pseudovishnui, Culex tritaeneorhynchus) are the most important vector species in India. किउलेक्स बिस्नुइ, हानजा (किउलेक्स बिस्नुइ किउलेक्स सिउदबिस्नुइ, किउलेक्सट्रिटा निउरिनकास) थाफानाय थाम्फैफोरा भारतनि गोनां भेक्टर हारिसाफोरनि गेजेराव दं। Necessary field investigations must be carried out in the area of residence of the patient to check for amplifying host and vector. गोसारनायखौ दैदेनग्रा आरो भेक्टरखौ बिजिरनो बेरामिफोर थानाय ओनसोलाव गोनांथार दखरारि नायसंनायखौ खालामथारनांगौआ गोनां। One of the complications of P.falciparum malaria is encephalopathy. पि, फेल्किपारुम मेलेरियानि मोनसे गोब्राब जेंनाया जादों एन्केफेलपेथि। Patients should be referred to the district hospital as the peripheral health facilities may not have adequate resources to manage serious cases. गोब्राब थासारिखौ हमथानो थोजासे बिजिरनायनि सोरगिदिं सावस्रिखाबुखौ मोनैनि थाखाय बेरामिफोरखौ जिला फाहामसालिसिम दैथाय हरनाया मोजां। Patients who recover from the acute episode may have neurological sequelae. गोब्राब थासारिनिफ्राय जाय बेरामिफोरा गादों बिसोरनो निउर’लजिकेल सेकुवेल गोनांथि जानो हागौ। Periodic sanitary surveys should be undertaken, especially before monsoon, for sewer overflow, and leakage in water supply system. सम सम खिनाय हासुनायनि सायाव नोजोर होनो लानाया मोजां, जरखायै दैज्लांनि सिगाङाव दै जगायनाय राहानि नालायाव लोमसावनाय एबा रेजेतनायनि थाखाय। Pigs are the major vertebrate hosts of JE virus. अमाया जापानस एनकेफेलाइटिस भाइरासनि गाहाय दैदेनग्रा जुनाद। Pockets of high risk should be identified so that these areas could be given more attention with regard to control measures, health educational activities and field supervision. बांद्राय दाय गोनां जायगाफोरखौ सिनायनाया मोजां जाहाथे बैफोर जायगायाव होबथानायनि राहा, सावस्रि सोलोंथाय हाबा-हुखा आरो दखरारि नोजोर होनायनि सायाव गोसो होनो हानाय जायो। Regular monitoring of water quality by examination of water samples for residual chlorine and/or coliform organisms on a random basis. सेरखाय-बेरखाय गोसारनानै थानाय कलिफर्म जिउसा एबा जायगानि क्लरिननि दिन्थिनि बिथायाव दैखौ आनजाद खालामनायजों दैनि गुनखौ जेब्लाबो नोजोर होबाय थानांगौ। Since malaria is relatively common, the diagnosis of malaria should be considered. मेलेरियाया जेब्ला जेरावबो थाफ्रामनाय, मेलेरियानि बेराम सिनायनायखौ खालामनो लानाया मोजां। Such areas would include villages and peri-urban areas where pigs are reared, especially if these are close to paddy fields which are rich breeding places for Culex mosquitoes. बेफोर ओनसोलफोराव दंफायो गामि आरो फिसा नोगोर ओनसोल जेराव अमाफोरखौ फिसिनाय जायो, जरखायै बेफोर माइफोथारनि साखाथि जायो अब्ला किउलेक्स थाम्फैफोरनि फिसा जोनोम होनायनि साबसिन जायगा। Supportive treatment and good nursing care can significantly reduce case fatality rate of JE. मदद गोनां फाहामथाय आरो साबगौ नारसिं जोथोन लानाया नांगौ बादि जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिसनि हारखौ खमायनो हायो। The clinical features of JE are those of encephalitis. जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिसनि फाहामथाय आखुथायानो एनकेफेलाइटिसनि आखुथाय। The Culex mosquitoes remain infected for life and the average life period of a mosquito is about 21 days. किउलेक्स थाम्फैफोरा गोथाङैनो बारदेरो आरो मासे थाम्फैनि गर थांना थानायनि समा21 सान। The currently available evidence does not indicate major role of cattle in transmission of JE. आथिखालाव मोननाय फोरमानफोरा जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिसनि बारदेरनायाव मोसौ मैसोनि बिफावखौ गाहाय होनना दिन्थियाखै। The diagnosis of Japanese Encephalitis is confirmed by laboratory tests. आनजादसालिनि आनजादजों जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिसखौ थि खालामनाय जायो। The diagnosis of JE is supported by serological tests. जे,इ, नि बेराम सिनायनायखौ सेरलजिकेल आनजादजों मदद खालामनाय जायो। The facilities for preparation and examination of blood slides should be made available at each PHC. थैनि स्लाइदफोरखौ आनजाद खालामनाय आरो थियारि खालामनायनि खाबुवा गंफ्रोमबो गुदि सावस्रि मिरुवाव थानाया मोजां। The first major outbreak of JE occurred in Bankura and Burdwan districts, West Bengal, in 1973 and since then it has spread to many states/UTs of country. गिबि खेबनि थाखाय जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिसनि मैखोम हरखाब साग्लोबनाया1973 आव सोनाब बंगनि बांकुरा आरो बर्दवान जिलायाव नुजादोंमोन आरो बै समनिफ्रायनो हादरनि गोबां हादरसा एबा हालामफोराव गोसारदोंमोन। The incubation period in man, following Culex mosquitoes bite probably varies from 5 to 15 days. किउलेक्स थाम्फै अरनायनि थाखाय मानसिनियाव बिदै गनानै फिसा जोनोमनि समाव 5 साननिफ्राय 15 साननि फारागाव जानो हागौ। The infection of JE is transmitted through the bite of an infected culicine mosquito. जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिस बारदेरनाया मासे बारदेरजानाय किउलेक्स थाम्फैनि अरनायजों बारदेरनो हागौ। The isolation or destruction of the amplifying hosts (usually pigs), which are the main source of infection, is not practical as these animals do not show any overt signs of illness and it is not possible to identify infected animals. गोसारनायखौ दैदेनग्रा (गुबैयै अमा) खौ बोखानो एबा फोजोबस्रांनो जायफोरा बारदेरनायनि गाहाय फुंखाफोरा मोगथां नङा मानोना बेफोर जुनातफोरनियाव जब्रा जानायनि जेबो गोख्रों बिदिन्थि नुनो मोना आरो बारदेर जायाय जुनातफोरखौ सिनायनो हाया। The mosquitoes are outdoor as well as indoor feeders. थाम्फैफोरा इसिं अखं मोननैयावबो मोजाङै फिसा जोनोम होयो। The patient may develop difficulty of speech and other neurological deficits like ocular palsies, hemiplegia, tremor and ataxia. बेरामिफोरा बाथ्रा बुंनायाव गोब्राब मोननो हागौ आरो गुबुन निउरलजिकेल आंखाल जेरै अकुलार पेलाइस, हेमिप्लेगिया, ट्रिमर आरो एटाक्सियाया नुजायो। The patient will give a history of acute onset with fever and change in behavior or sensorium lasting for more than 24 hours. बेरामिखौ मोनसे गोब्राब जब्रा जानाय आरो आखल-आखु सोलायनाय नुयो एबा24 घन्टानि बांसिन सेनसरियाम थावरिनायखौ फोरमायो। The presence of risk factors such as the vector and amplifying hosts supports the diagnosis of JE. दाय गोनां जाहोन थानाय जेरै भेक्टर आरो गोसारहोनाय दैदेनग्राया जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिसनि बेराम सिनायानायाव मदद खालामो। The preventive measures are directed at reducing the vector density and in taking personal protection to prevent the bite of mosquitoes. भेक्टरनि रोजाथिखौ खमायनानै आरो थाम्फै अरनायखौ होबथानानै सुबुं एबा गावखौ होबथानायनि थआखाय होबथानायनि राहाखौ थिननाय जादों। The public should also be informed to take necessary precautions against mosquito bite such as use of full sleeved clothes, mosquito nets at night and mosquito repellent creams. थाम्फै अरनायनि हेंथायै गोनां आगु सांग्रांथिनि थाखाय जेरै जोख्लोबनाय खसाब बाहायनाय थाम्फैनि मुसारि बाहायनाय आरो थाम्फै होखारनाय क्रिम बाहायनायनि बागै सुबुंनो फोरमायथिनाया मोजां। The recombinant DNA vaccine and the plasma derived should be administered as per recommendations by manufacturers. फिन जथायजाबनाय डि,एन,ए, भेक्सिन आरो प्लाजमा सोलायनायखौ बानायग्राफोरनि गनायथि बायदि सामलायनाया मोजां The recombinant DNA vaccine and the plasma derived, both are safe and effective. फिन जथायजाबनाय डि,एन,ए, भेक्सिन आरो प्लाजमा सोलायनाय मोननैबो रैखाथि आरो मावफुंथाय गोनां।स The recombinant DNA vaccine and the plasma derived, vaccines are available in single and multi-dose vials. फिन जथायजाबनाय डि,एन,ए,भेक्सिन आरो प्लाजमा सोलायनाय भेक्सिनफोरा मोनसेल आरो बाइब्रुस दस बिलासाव गोबां दं। The risk increases in areas where ecological conditions facilitate transmission to man. दखरायाव गिनांगौवा बांसिन जायो जेराव भुमखौराङारि थासारिया मानसिनियाव बारदेरनायनि खाबु होयो। The tests include detection of IgM antibodies which appear after the first week of onset of symptoms and are detectable for one to three months after the acute episode. आइजिएम एन्टिबदिसखौ होबथानायाव एबा हमदांनाया आनजादाव दंफायो जाय आखुथाया जायगा लानायनि गिबि सप्टानि उनाव नुजाथियो आरो गोब्राब जानायनि उनाव दानसेनिफ्राय दान्थामसिम होबथाजायो। The total number of overt cases per village will be a few and the local health personnel must be alert about any case(s) of encephalopathy in their areas. बांद्राय बेरामन गासै अनजिमाया दाबसे गामियाव खम जागोन आरो जायगानि सावस्रि बिबानगिरिफोरा बिसोरनि हालामाव एन्केफाल’पाथिनि जायखि जाया बेरामनि सायाव सांग्रां जाथारनांगोन। The transmission of JE virus cycle is maintained in animals and birds. जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिस भाइरास बारदेरनायनि बेंखनखौ जुनाद आरो दावफोरनियाव दैदेननाय जादों। The virus is antigenically related to other flaviviruses including dengue, west nile and yellow fever viruses. भाइरासा उल्था मावथि महरै देंगु,सोनाब नाइल आरो गोमोरे जब्राभाइरासखौ लाफानानै गुबुन फ्लेभिभाइरासजों सोमोन्दो दं। The virus of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) infects mainly animals and birds. जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिस भाइरासआ गाहायै जुनात आरो दावफोरनियाव बारदेरो। There are other diseases which have shorter incubation period and are also transmitted by faeco-oral route. खायफा बेरामफोर दं जायहा बिदै गनायनि सुंथाब सम दं आरो फेक-अरेल राहायै बारदेरो। There are two types of hepatitis B vaccines available - the recombinant DNA vaccine and the plasma derived मोननै रोखोमनि हेपाटाइटिस-बि, भेक्सिन दं मोनसेया फिनजाथाय जाबनाय डि,एन,ए, भेक्सिन आरो प्लाजमा फैनाय। There is no evidence that gammaglobulins or corticosteroids have a beneficial effect. गमाग्ल’बुलिइन एबा कर्टिकस्टरइदनि बानजायथाव खामानि होगोननि जेबो फोरमान गैया। There is no specific treatment of Japanese ncephalitis. जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिसनि जेबो थि फाहामथायबो गैया। They are acute watery diarrhea (incubation period: a few days) and typhoid fever (incubation period: 1-3 weeks). बेफोर दैजों सोमजिनाय गोब्राब दायरिया (गनायनि सम- साननैसोल’) आरो टाइफयद जब्रा (गनायनि सम-1-निफ्राय 3 सप्टाह)। Though JE is primarily a disease of rural agricultural areas, where vector mosquitoes proliferate in close association with pigs and other animal reservoirs. जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिसआ गाहायै गामियारि आबाद मावनाय ओनसोलाव जानाय बेराम, जेराव बेरामनि जिउसा रोगाग्रा थाम्फैफोरा अमा आरो गुबुन जुनारफोरजों खाथिसिन लोगो जानानै बेराम गोसारनायखौ बांसिन खालामो। Treatment should start without waiting for serological laboratory results. सेरलजिकेल आनजादसालिनि फिथायखौ नेयालासिनो फाहामथायखौ जागायनांगौ। Typhoid fever is another important endemic disease which can give rise to symptoms mimicking Japanese Encephalitis. टाइफयद जब्राया गुबुन मोनसे गोनां जाफ्लेबाय थानाय बेराम जाय जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिसनि सिम्टमखौ बांहोनो हागौ। Typhoid fever should be excluded by careful history and physical examination and blood culture for S.typhi, if necessary. जोबोद जोथोनै मिथिनानै आरो देहायारि आनजाद खालामनानै आरो गोनां जायोब्ला एस, टाइफिनि थैनि आखु नायनानै टाइफयद जब्राखौ सोखानांगौ। Vaccination of humans against JE is the only measure currently available for prevention of JE on long-term basis. आथिखालाव गोलाव समनि राहा महरै जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिसखौ होबथानो जापानिस एन्केफेलाइटिसनि हेंथायै मानसिनो भेक्सिन होनायानो मोनसेल राहासै। Viral hepatitis E has a long incubation period of usually 1-2 months (not less than 15 days). भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिस-इ नि गोलावसिन बिदै गनानै फिसा जोनोम होनायनि समा सेनिफ्राय नै दान 15 साननि खम नङा। Water birds such as pond herons, cattle egrets, poultry birds and ducks play a significant role in the natural history of JE virus. दैयाव थानाय दावफोर जेरै दैखरनि दावब’, मोसौ मैसोनि हानजा, फिसिनाय एबा फामुनि दाव आरो हांसोफोरा जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिस भाइरासनि मिथिंगायारि फोरमायथियाव गोनां बिफाव लायो। When an outbreak occurs or when the risk of such outbreaks is high, the cooperation of other government departments, non-governmental agencies and the community often becomes necessary. जेब्ला मोनसे हरखाब साग्लोबनाया नुजायो एबा जेब्ला बेबायदि हरखाब साग्लोबनायनि गिनांगौआ बांसिन जायो, गुबुन गुबुन सोरखारि बिफान, सोरखारि नङै गौथुम आरो समाजनि हेफाजाबखौ सम सम गोनां जानानै फैयो। 5 cases of similar illness of acute onset within an incubation period or one death in a village is being used as a criteria in one state to constitute an outbreak. मोनसे गामियाव बेराम सोमजिनाय एबा थैनायनि मोन बा एखे बेरामनि लैखोन लोमजानाय नाख्रेबनायखौ मोनसे हादरसायाव हरखाबै सोमजिनायखौ गायसननायाव बाहायदों। A list of the laboratories with full address, telephone and fax numbers along with the type of tests conducted is recommended to be maintained. आनजादसालिनि आबुं थं, टेलिफन आरो फेक्स नम्बर आनजाद नायनाय बोसोन होनायखौबो लाखिनो मोनसे फारिलाय नोजोर होनांगोन। A map of the area or even a rough sketch can be drawn showing where each reported case resides to indicate geographical distribution of cases and to identify high risk pockets. बांसिन खैफोदखौ सिनायनो आरो भुमखौराङारि थासारि राननो थाखाय जेराव मोनफ्रोम जाथाया दं बेखौ दिन्थिनो मोनसे मानसावगारि ओनसोलनि थि नङै सावगारि बोना दिन्थिदों। A single case of such diseases should be treated as an outbreak, e.g. poliomyelitis, guinea worm and yaws. मोनसे बेबादि बे समखौ बेराम हरखाब सोमजिनाय होनना बुंफोरनाय जायो, जेरै पलिअ, फिलौ आरो यास। A thorough knowledge about clinical symptoms and epidemiological parameters is important for outbreak investigations. हरखाब सोमजिनाय नायबिजिरसंनो थाखाय बेरामनि लैखोन आरो फाहामनाय बारदेरग्रा बेरानि बागै मोनसे गियान थानांगौ। Active surveillance is active search for cases. जाथायनि थाखाय सांग्राङै नायदिंनाया सांग्रां नागिरनाय Active surveillance should be maintained until the outbreak is over (usually it is when the double incubation period has elapsed after the last case). जाथाया जोबासिम सांग्राङै नायदिंनायखौ फालिनांगौ। (जरखायै जोबथा जाथायनि उनाव मोनै गुन बेराम सोमजिनाय समा बारलाङो) Active surveillance through peripheral health personnel, personnel from other government departments, NGOs and key community representatives provides additional information about cases who may not have been seen at government health facilities. जायफोरा सरखारि सावस्रि सुबिदाफोरखौ नुवाखै बेखौ सांग्रां नायदिंगिरि सावस्रि मावथिफोर आरो गुबुन समखारि नङै फसंथान गाहाय हारिनि थान्दैफोर मिथिसार होनो हायो। After an outbreak has been confirmed, specific interventions will depend on the cause of the outbreak and mode of transmission. हरखाबै सोमजिनाय बेरामखौ रोखा जानाय उनाव गुबुन सिम दैथायहरनाय आरो हरखाब सोमजिनाय बेरामनि जाहोन थि मोनसे गेजेराव सोनारगोन। After establishing the existence of an outbreak and verifying the diagnosis, it becomes important to accurately define and count the cases. बेराम सिनायनाय रोखा जानाय आरो मोनसे हरखाबै जानाय बेराम थआंना थानायखौ गायसननाय उनाव जाथायखौ थाखि-थुखि फोरमायनो गोनांथि जागोन। An effective surveillance system is essential or planning, implementation and monitoring the disease control programmes. बेराम होबथा हाबाफारि बोसोन होनो आरो खामानियाव बाहायनो मोनसे फिथाय गोनां नायदिंनाय खान्थिया गोनां। An effective surveillance system must be established in each district. मोनफ्रोम जिलायाव मोनसे फिथाय गोनां नायदिंनायखौ गायसननांगौ। An important purpose of a surveillance system is to prevent outbreaks or detect them in the early stage, and therefore the health personnel must be responsive to the warning signals. नायदिंनाय खान्थिनि मोनसे गोनां थांखिया जाबाय हरखाबै जानाय बेरामखौ होबथानाय एबा जाहांनाय समावनो फोजोबनाय, आरो बेखायनो सावस्रि मावथिफोरा बेखौ सिगांग्रो इसारा होनांगोन। An outbreak or epidemic is defined as the occurrence in a community of cases of an illness clearly in excess of expected numbers. मोनसे हरखाबै जानाय बेराम एबा बारदेरग्रा बेरामा मोनसे हारियाव एसे अनजिमानि लोमजानाय जाथायखौ फोरमायो। Case fatality rate may increase due to certain factors such as high malnutrition rates in young children or limited knowledge in the community about the danger signs of severe illness. हरखाब जाथायाव थैनायनि बिबाङा बांनायनि खायसे जाहोना थि रोखोमनि आदार मोनजायै एबा गोब्राब लोमजानायनि सोमन्दै हारिया थोजासे गियान गैयैनि थाखाय। Cases should be described in terms of age, sex, occupation, socio-economic parameters, migration, vaccination history and other relevant characteristics. बेरामनि लैखोनखौ बैसो आथोन, हाबा, समाजारि रांखान्थि, गुबुन जायगायाव सोलायनाय, टिका (सिता) होनाय उनावसो खायसे आखलखौ फोरमायनो हायो। Cases tend to cluster, and it may also be useful to mark affected schools or other institutions on the map in addition to residential locations. बेरामनि लैखोना जरखा आरो बेखौ गोहोम गोग्लैनाय फरायसालि एबा गुबुन फसंथाननि मानसावगारि सुबुं थानाय जायगानि सोलायै बाहायथाव। Collection of unnecessary samples is discouraged as it places a heavy load on the laboratory and some tests are very expensive. आनजाद सालियाव बांसिन बुजा थानाय आरो खायसे आनजाद खालामनाया बेसेन गोसा जानायनि थाखाय, गोनांथि नमुना बुथुमनायाव मिजिं गैयै खालामदों। Community level IEC activities should be supported so that key messages regarding the control of the diseases and prevention of outbreaks are known. हारिनि थआखो आइ, इ, सि, फओरा मददथि होयोब्ला गोनां खौरां बेराम दबथायनाय आरो हरखाब सोमजिनाय बेराम फोरखौ मिथिनो हागोन। Concerned medical and health personnel should be trained in the principles of outbreak investigations including recognition of early warning signals, epidemiological and entomological parameters, differential diagnosis, laboratory support and specific control interventions. फाहामसालि आरो सावस्रि मावथिफोरखौ हरखाब जानाय बेराम नायदिंनाय बारदेरग्रा बेराम बायदिसिना आनजादसालि आरो दबथायनाय आरिनि बागै फोरोंथाय होनांगोन। Control measures are most effective when selective interventions are applied early. गेजेराव सायखनाय जानाय आरो थाबै बाहायनाया दबथायनाय हाबायाव जाथावना। Data should be regularly analyzed as suggested in a separate module "Surveillance of Epidemic Prone Diseases" available from National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD). ‘बारदेरग्रा बेरताम नायदिंनाय’ हारिमायारि बेराम फोनांजाब फसंथानाव मोननो हानाय दाटाफोरखौ अराय आनजाद खालामनांगोन आलादा आदबजों। Depending on the disease and the resources available to investigate the outbreak, it may even be desirable to conduct house-to-house visits, especially in the homes of contacts of cases. बेराम आरो फुंखा मोननो हाथावनि सायाव सोनारना हरखाबै जानाय बेरामखौ नायबिजिरनो हायो। बेखौ न-नसिम थांनानै बेरामनि लैखोनखौ नायबिजिर। Differential diagnoses of some of the important and common clinical syndromes have been given in this document. जाबाय थानाय बेरामनि लैखोन आरो खायसे गोनां गुबुन गुबुन बेराम सिनायनायखौ बे फोरमानलायाव होनाय जादों। Diseases can also cause outbreaks with the potential to spread rapidly and cause many deaths. हरखाब जानाय बेरामनि जाहोनाव बेरामफोरा गेवलांसारनो हागौ आरो जाउनाव गोबां थैनो हागौ। Diseases for which eradication or elimination goals have been set. बेरामफोरखौ आबुङै फोजोबस्रांनो एबा गैया खालामनो थांखि लानाय जादों। During outbreaks, analysis of cases by time will help to document the trend of the epidemic and to monitor the effectiveness of the containment measures. हरखाब जानाय बेरामनि समाव समबादियै बिजिरनाया बारदेरग्रा बेरामनि बोहैथि आरो फिथाय गोनां बोसोन होनाय फारिलायाव मदद होगोन। During the period of the outbreak, all the cases of the disease under consideration occurring in that area should be identified and listed. हरखाब जानाय बेरामनि समाव बेरामनि जाहोनफोरखौ बै जायगायाव सिनायना फारिलाय खालामनांगोन। Efforts therefore, should be made to investigate all the outbreaks as well as threatened oubreaks. गासै हरखाब जानाय बेराम आरो गिथावना हरखाब जानाय बेरामखौ नायबिजिरसंनो नाजानांगोन। First reports about an outbreak will be based on clinical syndrome and diagnosis will be presumptive. मोनसे हरखाब जानाय बेरामनि गिबि रिपर्टआ बेरामनि लैखोन फाहामसालि आरो बेराम सिनायनाया हाथाव जानांगोन। For easy reference, the epidemiological parameters should be available in tabular form. गोरलैयै मखनो थाखाय बारदेरग्रा बेरामनि सिमा हांखोआ फारिलायाव साजायनाय जानांगोन। For some diseases even a single case (acute poliomyelitis, guinea worm, unusual acute severe episode of an illness of unknown aetiology) constitutes an outbreak. मोनसे बेरामनि लैखोन आरो खायसे बेरामफोर (पलिअ, फिलौ, मिथिहायै लोमजानाय, गोसा लोमजानाय थाब हामनाय) फोरा मोनसे हरखाबै जानाय बेराम। For some laboratory tests, samples may need to be sent to the state, regional or national levels. खायसे आमजादसालिनि आनजादनि थाखाय, नमुनाखौ हदोरसायाव ओनसोलारि एबा हारिमायारि थाखोआ दैथाय हरनांगौ। Health education material which has been prepared in advance and field tested will be useful if there is an outbreak in the area because such material may be required at short notice. सावस्रि सोलोंथाय मुवाफोरखौ थियारि खालमानाय जायो सिगांग्रो आरो फिल्द आनजादफोरा बाहायजाथाव जानांगौ ओनसोलाव हरखाब जानाय बेराम दङब्ला, मानोना बेबादि मुवाया थाबैनो गोनां जायो। If the outbreak is unusual, case fatality rates are very high, aetiology cannot be determined or if the clinical syndrome had not been reported in the area before, the state officer and NICD would be expected to assist the district authorities in investigations. बेरामनि लैखोन बिबाङा बारा आरो हरखाब जानाय बेरामा बाहायथाव नाङाब्ला फाहामसालिनि बेरामनि लैखोनखौ थि खालामनो हाया, हादोरसानि मावखगिरि आरो एन,आइ, सि,डि, फोरा नायबिजिरसंनायखौ मिजिंथियो। In case of endemic diseases, it is also useful to present previous data on a line graph. जाबाय थानाय बेरामनि बेलायाव मोनसे बोसावगारिजों सिगांनि दाटाखौ नायनो हायो। In investigating an outbreak, it is necessary to provide a detailed description of outbreaks in terms of time, place and person. सुबुं आरो जायगा, समनि सिमा बादियै हरखाब जानाय बेरामनि मोनसे रोखा फोरमायथि होनांगौ मोनसे हरखाब जानाय बेरामन नायबिजिरनो। In situations of doubt, whether an illness meets the case definition, a second opinion may be sought. सन्देहनि थासारियाव लोमजानाय बेरामनि लैखोन बेखेवथि मोनसे नैथि बुंथिया सोदोब जायो। In some circumstances, community assistance may be enlisted for house-to-house visits. खायसे समाव हारिनि थानाय जायगायाव नखर नखर थांनांगौ। In some situations, serial spot maps, by week or by month (or by disease generation) may provide insight into the pattern of the spread of the disease over time. खायसे थासारियाव, फारि फारि जायगानि मानसावगारि, सप्टा एबा दानफा (एबा बेरामनि उनजोलै) समाव बेराम बारा जालांनाय आदबखौ दिन्थिना होनांगौ। In the event of an outbreak, the state nodal officer is required to be notified immediately. मोनसे हरखाब जानाय बेरामनि जाथायाव, हादोरसा सावस्रि मावखगिरिया गोख्रैनो मिथिसार होनायनि गोनांथि दं। Increase in the total number of cases does not, however, necessarily indicate increase in the incidence of the disease. बेरामनि लैखोन अनजिमा बांलांनाया एखनब्ला बेरामनि जावननि गोनांथिखौ दिन्थिफुङा। Inventories should be checked before the expected seasonal increase of cases. फारि सानखांग्राफोरा बेरामनि लैखोन बांनायखौ मिजिंथिनाय समनि गेजेराव आनजाद नायनांगौ। Investigations must be made, including epidemiological, entomological and laboratory, to rule out the more common causes first. बारदेरग्रा बेराम, एम्फौ- एनला आरो आनजादसालियाव गिबियाव समान बेरामनि जाउनखौ नायबिजिरनांगोन। It is important that adequate facilities are established at the district level for rapid and efficient analysis of the surveillance data. जिला खोन्दो उनाव नायदिंनाय दाटाखौ गायसननो राहाफोरनि सायाव गोनांथि होनांगौ। It is important that information from surveillance be recorded in a standardised manner. नायदिंनायनिफ्राय मानथाखो गोनां रेकर्द मिथिसार होनाया गोनांथि दं। It is necessary to know the clinical and epidemiological features of the diseases to effectively investigate and control outbreaks. बारदेरग्रा बेराम आरो फाहामसालियाव हरखाब जानाय बेराम होबथानाय नायबिजिरसंनायखौ मिथिनायनि गोनांथि दं। It is not necessary to collect specimen from all cases as it is not essential for the outcome of outbreak investigations and control measures. गासै बेरामनि लैखोन, हरखाब जानाय बेराम नायबिजिरसंनाय आरो होबथानाय जखानिफ्राय नमुना एबा बिदिन्थि बुथुमनायनि बारा गोनांथि गैया। It is useful to have a short list of `warning signals' which should trigger an investigation. सांग्रां खालामनाय दिन्थिखौ मोनसे फारिलाय खालामनाया नायबिजिरग्रानो बाहायथाव जायो। It might be useful to convene a meeting of the concerned departments, community representatives and the NGOs before the expected seasonal increase in cases of diseases. मोनसे बिफान, हारिनि थान्दै आरो सरखारि नङै फसंथानफोरनि सिगाङाव बेराम बांलांनायनि बागै मोनसे सावरायमेल खुंनाया गोनांथि दं। It should be noted that during an outbreak a higher percentage of more severe cases may occur. बेखौनो गोसोआव लाखिनांगोनदि हरखाब जानाय बेरामा बांसिन बिबांनि बेरामनि लैखोननि जाथायबो जानो हागौ। It will only be possible if mothers know about signs and symptoms of pneumonia i.e. increased respiratory rate and chest indrawing. बेरामनि लैखोन बांनायखौ बिखानि बोसावगारियाव बिमाया मिथियोब्ला बे जानो हाथाव जागोन। Laboratory confirmation of clinically-diagnosed cases or identification of the etiological agent may sometimes be necessary. बेरामनि जाहोन दिहुनग्रा थान्दैनिबो एखनबा गोनां जायो फाहामसालि आनजादसालियाव बेरामनि लैखोन सिनायनो थाखाय एबा रोखा खालामनो। Many communicable diseases are endemic in India. भरात हादराव माखासे फोनांजाब गोनां बेरामफोर सोलियो। Many of diseases have seasonal and cyclic trends which can be discerned through the surveillance system. माखासे बेरामफोरा बोथोरखौ लाना जायो जायखौ नायदिंनाय खान्थिजों हमदांनो हायो। Medical officers are encouraged to expand the list and include other conditions prevalent in their areas. सावस्रि मावखगिरिफोरा गावसोरनि ओनसोलाव सोलिबाय थानाय गुबुन थासारिनि फारिलाया थुलुंगाखाङो। Mother must consult the health facilities whenever signs and symptoms of pneumonia appear for proper treatment of cases. बेरामनि लैखोनखौ मोजाङै फाहामनो बिमाया देहा सुबिदा गोनांफोरजों सावरायनांगौ। Much time and effort may be wasted due to misdiagnosis. बेराम सिनायनाय गोरोन्थि जानायनि थाखाय गोबां सम आरो नाजनाया ओरैनो थाङो। Oubreaks should be seen as excellent opportunities to analyse why they occur, identify high risk areas and groups, and evaluate control measures. हरखाब जानाय बेरामखौ बिजिरना नायनो गोबां सुबिदा मोन्दों बेयो मानो जायो, बांसिन ओनसोलाव आरो हानजायाव सिनायनो हायो आरो दबथायनाय राहाखौ थि खालामनो हायो। Outbreaks of new and reemerging infections may also occur. हरखाब जानाय बेरामा गोदान आरो बारदेरग्रा बेरामा फिन नुजानो हागौ। Persons who are ill and meet the case definition for the outbreak disease should be entered onto what is called a "line-listing". हरखाब जानाय बेराम जाय सुबुङा जायो बेखौ फोरमायनाय जायो “सारि-फारिलाय”। Precautionary measures need to be taken and decided where and when to seek medical help in a timely manner. जेब्लानो गोसो जायो फाहामसालिनि मददफोरखौ मोनसे समबादि मोननो हानांगौ सिगांग्रो सांग्रां जानाया गोनां। Precautionary measures taken in anticipation of an outbreak can prevent an acute public health emergency and save lives. मोनसे हरखाब जानाय बेरामखौ गैया खालामनो हायो आरो सरासनस्रा सुबुंनि गोनांथि आरो जिउ रैखा खालामनो हायो सिगांग्रो सांग्रां जानाया। Since the National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) is the nodal office at the national level, it is expected that notification of the outbreak would be made immediately to NICD, also indicating if any technical support is required. हारिमायारि बेराम फोनांजाब फसंथाना हारिमायारि थाखोनि मावख, हरखाब जानाय बेरामखौ गोख्रैनो हा,बे, फो,फ,आ गोनांथि जानाय कारिकरिजों मिथिनो हायो। Software such as EPI INFO are particularly useful in maintaining and analyzing line lists of cases of various diseases. सफ्टवेर जेर इ,पि,आइ, आइ,एन, एफ, अ, फोरा बायदि बेरामनि लैखोन सिनायनायाव बाहायजाथाव। Some laboratory tests are expected to be done at the PHC level; others may be available only at the district level. खायसे आनजादसालियाव आनजाद खालामनायखौ पि,एइस,सि, थाखोआव खालामनांगौ, गुबुन माखासेखौ जिला थाखोआव मोननो हायो। Some life saving medicines such as ORS packets may also be kept at the village level especially in the high risk pockets and areas which might become inaccessible during the monsoons. खायसे जिउ रैखानि थाखाय मुलैफोर जेरै अ,आर,एस, पेकेटफोरखौ गामि ओनसोलाव गोनांथि बादियै लाखिना दोननांगौ दैज्लां बोथोरनि समाव गोनां जायो। Some mechanism for briefing the press should also be established. सुंदयै मिथिहोनो खायसे जन्थ्र प्रेस गायसननांगौ। Special emphasis must be placed on proper collection of clinical samples, their storage and transportation. थि फाहामसालिनि नमुनाफोरखौ बुथुमनांगौ, बेफोरखौ दोन्थुमनाय आरो फोनांजाब लाखिनो गोनांथि होनांगौ। States and districts should establish criteria on the number of cases that constitute an epidemic based on their local situations. हादोरसा आरो जिलायाव बिसोरनि जायगायाव बारदेरग्रा बेराम आरो बेरामनि लैखोन सिनायनाय बिबांखौ गायसननांगौ। Such analysis provides valuable epidemiological information regarding high risk groups, areas and factors. ओनसोलफोराव जौसिन गोनां हानजा बारदेरग्रा बेराम आनजाद नायनो मिथिसार होनो नांगौ। Such graphs help to demonstrate the magnitude of the outbreak compared to the previous reported incidence, rapidity of spread of the disease and evaluation of control efforts. बेबादि बोसावगारिया हरखाब जानाय बेरामखौ दिन्थिफुंनो हागोन बेराम गोसारनाय, दबथायनाय आरो जाबाय थानायखौ सिगाङावनो मिथिगोन। Such help will be more forthcoming if mechanisms for interaction have been developed before the onset of an outbreak. मोनसे हरखाब जानाय बेरामनि सिगाङावनो बेबादि जन्थ्रफोरा इयुनाव मदद खालामगोन। Such mappings may assist in identifying the sources of infection. बेबादि बोसावगारिया बारदेरग्रा बेरामनि फुंखा सिनायनायाव मदद होगोन। Suggestions have been made for clinical syndromes, outbreaks of which are more commonly reported. फाहामसालि बेरामनि लैखोन, हरखाब जानाय बेरामनि सरासनस्रा रिपर्टआ सुबुरन होनो हागोन। Suspect case definition may be used to identify cases. बेरामनि लैखोन सिनायनो सन्देह गोनां फोरमायथिया बाहाय जादों। Telephone facilities are expected at the PHC level. पि,एइस,छि, खोन्दोआव टेलिपन सुबिदा थानाया गोनां। The district officers may also need technical and other support in the event of an unusual outbreak or if the diagnosis is not confirmed. जिला मावखगिरिया हरखाब जानाय बेराम एबा बेराम सिनायनायाव रोखा खालामनो कारिकरि गोनांथि जानो हागौ। The epidemic curve can be helpful in identifying the index (first) case or cases, and may even suggest patterns or modes of transmission. बारदेरग्रा बेराम खेख्रा हांखोआ गिबि बेरामनि लैखोन सिनायनायाव मदद खालामो आरो गुबुनाव दैथायहरनोबो सुबुरन होनो हायो। The first step of outbreak investigation is to confirm the diagnosis of as many reported cases as possible. हरखाब जानाय बेराम बिजिरसंनायनि गिबि आगाना जादों बेरामनि लैखोन रिपर्ट जाथाव गोबां बेराम सिनायनाय रोखा जानांगौ। The information is also necessary to assess the quality of the national programmes (if relevant). मिथसार होनाया हारिमायारि हाबाफारि (सोमोन्दो गोनांब्ला) गुनफोरखौ बिजिरना नायनाया गोनांथि दं। The majority of the cases are expected to fall within the standard case definitions. बांसिन बेरामनि लैखोनफोरखौ मानथाखो गोनां जाथाय बुंफोरनायखौ गोरोबनायखौ मिजिंथिनो हायो। The medical and health personnel should establish contact with community leaders and other key personnel in their areas which would be useful in receiving early warning signals and in soliciting community support during an outbreak. फाहामसालि आरो सावस्रि मावथिफोरा हारिनि दैदेनगिरि आरो गुबुन गोनां सुबुंफोरजों बिसोरनि जायगायाव सांग्रां मिथिहोनाय मोनसे हरखाब जानाय बेरामनि समाव सोमोन्दो लाखिनांगौ। The nodal officer and other key personnel should receive training in the use of computers. गोनां मावखगिरि आरो गुबुन गोनां मावथिफोरा कम्पुउटार बाहायनाय फोरोंथाय मोननांगौ। The nodal officer at the district level, in consultation with the concerned programme officers, must ensure that essential supplies are in place in the peripheral health facilities and that adequate buffer stocks are maintained at the district level. जिला थाकोनि गोनां मावखगिरिया सोमोन्दो गोनां हाबाफारिनि मावखगिरिजों गोनां जानाय सावस्रि सुबिदा आरो गोनां बाख्रिफोरखौ जिला खोन्दोआव थियै बाहायनांगौ। The nodal officer should identify gaps in laboratory services at each level that can be filled within the given resources. गोनां मावखगिरिफोरा आनजादसालि खामानिनि मोनफ्रोम खोन्दोआव होनाय फुंखाफोरनि गेजेरावसिनायनांगौ। The number of cases which are needed to be called an outbreak varies according to several factors. गुबुन जाहोन बादियै हरखाब जानाय बेरामनि गोनांथि बादियै बेरामनि लैखोन अनजिमा दं। The onset of illness of the cases should be graphed by hours (for example, in food poisoning), days, weeks or months, as appropriate. लोमजानाय जाउनफोरखौ घन्टायाव बोसावगारि खालामनांगौ (बिदिन्थि बादि,बिस गोनां आदार जानाय) सान, सप्टा एबा दाननैसो रोखा जायो। The prevention and control of outbreaks require the close and active cooperation of the community. हरखाब जानाय बेरामखौ गैया खालामनो एबा दबथायनो हारिनि गेजेराव सांग्राङै फोनांजाब लाखिनो गोनां जायो। The primary purpose of an outbreak investigation is to control the outbreak, limit its spread to other areas and assess how prevention strategies can be further strengthened to reduce or eliminate the risk of such outbreaks in the future. मोनसे हरखाब जानाय बेरामनि नायबिजिरसंनायनि गुदि थांखिया जानांगौ हरखाब जानाय बेरामखौ दबथायनाय, बेनि गुबुन जायगासिम गोसारनायखौ सिमानि गेजेराव लाखिना होबथानायनि राहाखौ आनजाद खालामनांगौ हरखाब जानाय बेरामखौ खमायनो इयुनाव बिबान लानांगोन। The reported cases should be investigated by a medical officer to confirm the diagnosis. बेरामनि लैखोन नायबिजिरसंनाय रिपर्टखौ फाहामसालिनि मावखगिरिया बेराम सिनायना रोखा खालामनांगौ। Timely treatment and follow-up of cases and contacts is important to reduce mortality. सम सम बेराम नायनाय आरो बेरामनि लैखोन नायना थैनायखौ खमायनाया गोनांथि दं। Under such a situation, samples should be collected carefully from a few selected cases. बेबादि थासारियाव खायसे सायख जानाय बेरामनि लैखोन नमुना मोजाङै बुथुमनाय। Under the national disease surveillance programme, it is expected that the district and state levels will be linked to NICD through e-mail and fax. हारिमायारि बेराम नायदिंनाय हाबाफारिया जिला आरो हादोरसा खोन्दोआव एन, आइ, सि,डि, इ-मैल एबा फेक्स सोमोन्दो लाखिनायखौ मिजिंथिनाय जायो। Valuable information can be obtained by contacting key community representatives, especially if the outbreak is focal. हरखाब जानाय बेरामा मिरुवारिब्ला हारिनि गोनां थान्दैफोरजों गोनां जानाय मिथिसारखौ मोननो हानांगोन। Variations in the number of reporting sites, completeness of reporting, geographical size of the catchment area and size of the population are factors that must be taken into consideration while analysing reports. रिपर्ट खालामनाय अनजिमा सोलायनाय, रिपर्ट फोजोबनाय, भुमखौराङारि रोखोम ओनसोल हमदांनाय आरो सुबुं अनजिमानि बिबांफोरखौ रिपर्ट आनजाद एबा बिजिरसंनायाव नायनांगौ। When an outbreak occurs or when the risk of such outbreaks is high, the cooperation of other government departments, non-governmental agencies and the community often becomes necessary. जेब्ला मोनसे हरखाब जानाय बेरामा जायो अब्ला बेबादि हरखाब जानाय बेरामनि गोनांथि फोनांजाब लाखिनांगौ सरखारि बिफान, सरखारि नङै थान्दै आरो हारिफोराबो सम सम गोनांथि जायो। While an outbreak is usually limited to a small focal area, an epidemic covers larger geographic areas and has more than one focal point. जेब्ला मोनसे हरखाब जानाय बेरामा फिसा जायगायाव जायो, अब्ला बारदेरग्रा बेरामा भुमखौराङारि गुवार जायगायाव गोसारो। While outbreaks cannot always be predicted or prevented, recognition of early warning signals, timely investigations and application of specific control measures can limit the spread of the outbreak and prevent deaths. जेब्ला हरखाब जानाय बेरामफोरखौ अराय होबथा हाया, थाबैनो सिनाय हाया, सम बादियै बिजिरसंनाय आरो होबथानायनि गोनां मुवा सिमायाव बाहायाब्ला हरखाब जानाय बेराम गोसारनाय आरो थैनायखौ होबथा हागोन। While preparing tables, the population characteristics, for example related to age and sex, should be grouped accordingly. जेब्ला फारिलाय थियारि खालामो सुबुं अनजिमानि आखु, बिदिन्थि बादियै बैसो आरो आथोखौ थि बादियै राननांगौ। Action should be initiated based on clinical, epidemiological and entomological findings. फाहामथाय, महामारि आरो एम्फौ- एनलानि बिदिन्थिनि सायाव सोनारनानै खामानि मावफुंनायनि राहा लनाया मोजां। Alert health personnel and hospitals to report increase or clustering of cases or deaths. थैनाय एबा सोरगिदिं साग्लोबनाय एबा बांनायनि फोरमायथियाव फाहामसालि आरो सावस्रि बिबानगिरिफोता साग्रां थानांगौ। All health facilities should maintain records of patients seen, including in OPD. अ,पि,डि,खौ लाफानानै बेरामिफोरखौ नायनायनि रेकर्डफोरखौ गासैबो सावस्रि खाबुआव लाखिनाया मोजां। An effective surveillance system can provide an early warning signal and prevent outbreaks. मोनसे मावफुंजानायनो जोरथिनाय राहाया मोनसे सिगां थियारि इसारा होयो आरो बेराम गोसारनायखौ होबथायो। An important objective of outbreak investigations is to reduce mortality rates by early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. बेराम गोसारनायखौ नायस्रनायनि मोनसे गोनां थांखिया जादों सिगां बेराम सिनायनाय आरो नांगौ बायदि फाहामथाय होनानै थैनायनि हारखौ खमाइनाय। Appropriate sterilisation of needles (boiling for at least 20 minutes) and screening of all blood donations for HBsAg, HIV. निदिलफोरखौ नांगौबायदि 20 मिनिट दै गुदुंजों फुदुंनानै गोग्गो खालामनांगौ आरो HBsAg, एइस, आइ, भि,नि थाखाय गासै थै दान होनायखौ स्क्रिनिं खलाम नांगौ। Bubonic plague and visceral leishmaniasis are other important vector borne diseases. बुबनिक प्लेग आरो भिस्केरेल लैसमानियासिसफोरा भेक्टरजों सोमजिनाय गुबुन मोनसे गोनां बेराम। Case fatality rates can be significantly reduced through effective Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT). मावफुंनाय अरेल रिहाइद्रेसन थेरापिनि हेफाजाबै बेराम जाब्रथाय जानानै थैनायनि हारखौ मखजाथाव खमाय होनो हायो। Chickenpox in higher age group is often serious and large number of patients need to be admitted in health facility, particularly Infectious Diseases Hospitals. बैसो गोनांफोरनियाव जानाय गेजेर आइआ माब्लाबा खैफोद गोनांबो जानो हागौ आरो गोबां अनजिमानि बेरामिफोरखौ सावस्रि खाबु थानाय, जरखायै इनफेक्सिया बेरामनि फाहामसालियाव थिसन नांगौ। Community participation for safe practices with regard to storing water and food handling are essential to prevent outbreaks. दै दोनथुमनाय आरो आदारखौ मोजाङै साबखांनायनि रैखाथि सर’ खालामनायाव सुबुंफोरनि बाहागो लानाया बेरामखौ होबथानायनि गोनांथि लाबोयो। Control activities and treatment of patients should not be delayed pending laboratory confirmation of diagnosis. बेरामिनि होबथानाय हाबा-हुखा आरो फाहामथायखौ आरो आनजादसालिनि बेराम सिनायनाय फिथायखौ गोबाव खालामनाया मोजां नङा। Documentation of the epidemic is an important step in outbreak investigation. महामारिनि फोरमानथि बिलाया बेराम गोसारनायखौ नायसंनायनि मोनसे गोनां राहा। During the course of investigations, universal infection control precautions are expected to be implemented. नायसंनायनि समाव,मुलुगनां बारदेरनाय होबथानाय सिगां सांग्रांथिखौ बाहायनायनि थाखाय साननाय जादोंमोन। Ensure that the health personnel are adequately trained and that the recommended guidelines are followed in the hospitals. सावस्रि बिबानगिरिफोरखौ थोजासे फोरोंथाइ होनानै आरो गनायनाय बिथोनफोरखौ फाहामसालियाव बाहायगोननि सायाव थि जानांगोन। Entomological investigations are an important aspect of field investigations as a number of outbreaks are vector borne. बांसिन बेराम सोमजिनायफोरा भेक्टरनिफ्राय जानायखौ नायनानै एम्फौ-एनला नायसंनायफोरा दखरारि नायसंनायनि मोनसे गोनां राहा। Entomological investigations are useful to confirm or rule out the probable cause of the outbreak, especially if results of laboratory tests are not available. जेब्ला आनजादसालिनि आनजातनि फिथायखौ गोबाङै मिथिनाय जाया एम्फौ-एनला नायसंनाया थि जानो बाहायनो एबा जानो हाथाव सोमजिनायनि जाहोनखौ नेवसिनाय। Food handlers and suspected food also need attention during investigations. नायसंनायनि समाव आदार दैदेननाय आरो सन्देह गोनां आदारनि सायावबो गोसो होनांगोन। Food-borne diseases include food poisoning due to toxins produced by micro-organisms (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus) and chemicals, as well as food-borne infections (e.g. Salmonella infection). आदारजों सोमजिनाय बेरामफोराव दंफायो फिसा फिसा जिबख्रिजों सोमजिनाय टक्सिननि थाखाय आदाराव बिस सोमजिनाय,बिदिन्थि बायदि स्टेफिलक्कास आउरियास आरो केमिकेल आरो आदार बारदेरनायजों जानाय सालमनेल्ला बारदेरनाय। Food-borne outbreaks are very common in our country. जोंनि हादराव आदारजों बेराम सोमजिनाया जोबोद मिथिखानाय। For influenza and chickenpox, no vaccine is currently available in India and in absence of specific therapy, control of their outbreaks is a difficult proposition. इनफ्लुयेनजा आरो गेजेर आइनि थाखाय भारताव दासान्दि जेबो भेकसिन गैया आरो जरखा थेरापि गैयैनि थाखाय बिसोरनि सोमजिनायखौ होबथानाया गोब्राब जाना फैयो। Health education and public awareness and co-operation are important to control an outbreak. सावस्रि सोलोंथाय आरो राइजोआरि सांग्रांथि आरो हेफाजाबानो बेराम गोसारनायखौ होबथानायनि गोनांथि। High vector density is a reflection of the unsatisfactory field implementation and monitoring of vector control measures. दखरारि मावफुंनायाव आरो भेक्टर होबथानाय राहानि जाफुंसारैयानो गोबां भेक्टर साग्लोबनायनि फिथायखौ बेरखां होयो। High vector density is a warning signal as the risk of vector borne outbreaks increases under such conditions. बेबायदि थासारियाव मैखोम भेक्टर साग्लोबनाया भेक्टरजों सोमजिनाय बेरामनि अनजिमा बांनायनि स इसाराखौ फोरमायो। Ideally, the place of immunization should also be examined to assess quality of the cold chain. कल्ड सैननि गुनखौ मिथिनो इमुनाइजेसननि जायगाखौबो मोजांङै आनजात खालामनांगौ। If dengue fever/ dengue haemorrahagic fever is suspected or confirmed, vector surveillance and vector control activities should be taken up with high priority. जेब्ला देंगु जब्रा एबा देंगु हेमराजिक जाब्राखौ सन्देह जायो एबा थि जायोब्ला भेक्टर नोजोरथिंनाय आरो भेक्टर दबथायनाय हाबाखौ सिगांसिन गोसो होनानै मावनाया मोजां। If information is available there is less likely to be panic and chaos, and community support will also be forthcoming. खौरांखौ थोजासे मिथिनाय जायोब्ला (गिथाबना) संखिनाय आरो आनि-थानियाबो खम जायो लोगोसे सुबुंनि मदद आबो फैगोन। If the community knows how the outbreak spreads and what measures they can take in their own families, the risks can be considerably reduced. जेब्ला समाजाव माबोरै बेराम गोसारो आरो बिथांमोना बिथांमोननि गावनि नखराव मा राहा लानांगौ बेखौ मिथियोब्ला, बिबाननि लेरथायाबो खमायगोन। If there is a sudden increase in cases or clustering of cases in an area, field investigations should be carried out and necessary corrective action taken. जेब्ला बेरामा हरखाबै बाडोब्ला एबा मोनसे दखराखौ साग्लोबोब्ला, जायगायाव नायसंनायखौ खालामनाया मोजां आरो सुद्रायनाय हाबाखौ लानायनिबो गोनांथि दं। Immunization cards or immunization registers should be checked to verify the immunization status. इमुनाइजेसन थाथायखौ बिजिरनो इमुनाइजेसन कार्ड आरो इमुनाइजेसन रेबखांनायखौ नोजोर होनाया मोजां। Immunization status is an important descriptive as well as analytical parameter. इमुनाइजेसन थाथाया मोनसे गोनां फोरमायथायजों लोगोसे बिजिरनायनि पारामिटार। In areas where leishmaniasis is prevalent or there is a potential threat of leishmaniasis or plague, vector monitoring and IEC activities are recommended. जाय हालामाव लैसमानियासिसआ साग्लोबदों बैहाय लैसमानिया एबा प्लेग साग्लोबगोननि गोख्रों हुमखि थायो, अब्ला भेक्टर नोजोर होनाय आरो आइ, इ,सि बायदि हाबाखौ गनायनांगौ। In case of meningococcal meningitis, though a bivalent vaccine is available, it is not routinely used. मेनिनगक्काल मेनिनजाइटिसनि बेलायाव, बाइभेलेन्ट भेकसिना गोबांब्लाबो बेखौ समफारि बाइदि बाहायनाय जायो। In fact, all the waterborne infections (viral, bacterial and parasitic) can be transmitted through contamination of food. सैथोदि, गासैबो दैजों सोमजिनाय इनफेक्सनआ(भाइरेल,जिउसा आरो मालाय जोउसाफोरखौ आदार फेसेवनानै बारदेर होनो हायो। In large outbreaks, a sample of population may be interviewed, or the investigations may be by case control studies. बांद्रार बेराम नुजानाय समाव, सानैसो सुबुंखौ सोंथि खालामनो हागौ एबा दबथायनाय बिजिरनायजों नायसंनोबो हागौ। In outbreak of meningococcal meningitis, vaccination of selected high risk groups only is recommended. मेनिनगककाल मेनिनजाइटिस नुजानाय समाव,भेकसिनखौ साइखनाय बांद्राय गिनांगौ हानजानि थाखायल’ गनायथि होदों। In several countries, it has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, depriving severely ill patients from a valuable treatment. गोबां हादरफोराव,बेयो एन्टिबाइटिक होबथानाय अलखदाव बिहोमा होदोंमोन, गोबावै जब्रा जानाय बेरामिफोरा मोनसे बेसेन गोनां फाहामथायनिफ्राय नेवसि जादोंमोन। In those who are immunized with two doses, protection lasts for 3-6 months only. जायफोरा थरथिंनैल’ दसजों इमुनाइजद खालाम जादों होबथानाया 3 निफ्राय 6 दानल’ थावरियो। Inadequately sterilised needles and syringes, sharp instruments that penetrate the skin, and unscreened blood are common source of parenterally transmitted infections. नांगौ बायदि गोगो खालामजायै बिजि आरो सिरिन्ज,गोफार आगजु जायखौ बिगुराव सिनाय जायो थैखौ बिजिरखयैयानो बिमा-बिफानि बायदि बारदेरनाया बारदेरनायनि गोरलै फुंखा। Information on immunization coverage may also be available through past vaccination coverage evaluation surveys. इमुनाइजेसन गोसारनानै लानायनि खौराङा सिगां भेकसिन गोसारनानै लानायखौ सुमोन्थाय नोजोरथिंनायजों माखासे जानो हागौ। Information on natural disasters like floods, cyclone, drought, earth quake etc., as available may be utilized for the description of the epidemic. महामारि फोरमायथिनि थाखाय मिथिंगायारि खैफोदनि खारिथि एबा खौरां जेरै दै बाना, बारहुंखा, रानस्राव, बांग्रिं मावनाय बायदिखौ बाहायनो हागौ। Injections can transmit a variety of infections including HIV and hepatitis B and C. बेजिया एइस,आइ,भि, आरो हेपाटाइतिस बि आरो सिखौ लाफानानै बायदिसिना बारदेरनायखौ सन्देरहोनो हागौ। It is also important that the public and administrators are aware of inappropriate measures so that much time and resources are not diverted for measures which are ineffective. बेबो गोनांथिदि सुबुंफोर आरो खुंथायगिरिफोरा गोनां नङै राहानि फारसे साग्रां जानांगोन जाहाते राहा लानायनि थाखाय गोबां सम आरो बाहायगरनाय जाया, जायफोरा खामानियाव फैया। It is more appropriate to determine attack rates rather than absolute numbers because rates take into account the variations in the population size of different groups. नंगुबै बिबांखौ मोननायनिख्रुइ गाग्लोबनायनि हारखौ दिहुननायासो बांसिन साबजाथाव जागोन मानोना, बेहारा गुबुन गुबुन हानजानि सुबुं अनजिमानि रोखोमखौ सानखनानै लायो। It is not necessary while submitting the preliminary report to wait for the results of laboratory tests which have been sent to laboratories outside the district and which may take sometime. जेब्ला गिबि फोरमाइ बिदांखौ जमा होनाय जायो,आनजादसालि आनजातनि फिथायखौ नेनांनायनि गोनांथि गैया जायफोरखौ जिलानि बाइहाग्रानि आनजादसालिफोराव दैथायहरदों आरो खाइफा सम नेनांगौ जानो हागौ। It is particularly important to inform the public that most cases of epidemic prone diseases can be managed if treatment is started at the earliest. एखुथायै बेखौ राइजोफोरनो मिथिहोनाया गोनां जागोनदि सिगांनो फाहामथाय राहाखौ जागायदोंब्ला बांसिन महामारि बेराम ओनसोलखौ सामलायनो हागौ। It is suggested that action for preparation of health education material and key messages is taken for epidemic prone diseases. बोसोन होनाय जायोदि सावस्रि सोलोंथायनि आगजु थियारि खालामनो आरो गुबै रादाब आजावनायनि खामानि मावनांगौ। Majority of the infected individuals have no symptoms. जखम जानाय बांसिन सुबुंनियावनो लैखोन गैया। Man-made situation like developmental projects on irrigation and industries may create environmental conditions conducive for disease transmission. मानसिया दानाय थासारि जेरै दै सारथाइ आरो दामिनारिनि सायाव जौगालु बिथांखिया थासारि सोमजिहोनाया बेराम बारदेरनायनि हेफाजाब जानो हागौ(फुंखा)। Mass chemoprophylaxis is not only ineffective in preventing the spread of the disease, but it also diverts manpower and resources from effective measures. मास केमोप्रफाइलेक्सिसआ बेराम गोसारनायखौ होबथानायाव मावफुंथाय गैयैल नङा,नाथाय बेयो मानसि गोहो आरो थुबिलखौ बोमावफुंङारि राहानिफ्रायबो जानगार होयो। No country requires travelers to have a cholera vaccination certificate. करेला भेकसिन फोरमानबिलाय थानाय दावबायारिखौ गंसेबो हादरनो गोनां जाया एबा नाङा। On the other hand, the risk is low if the density is maintained below critical levels. गुबुन फारसे जेब्ला बेले बेजेनि सिं थाखोआव रोजाथिखौ सामलायो बिबाना खम जायो। Percentage Immunization coverage is estimated by dividing the total number of doses (measles and BCG) or third doses (OPV and DPT) of the vaccine administered to a specific age-group by the total population of that age-group in the affected village(s) or urban area. मोनसे थि बैसो हानजानि गेजेराव फिसा आइ आरो बि,सि,जि,दस एबा अ, पि, भि आरो डि,पि,टि,नि थामथि दस होनाय भेकसिननि गांसै दसनि अनजिमाजों गामि एबा नोगोर ओनसोलनि बैसो हानजानि गासै सुबुं अनजिमाजों राननानै सरजाबनानै लानाय इमुनायजेसननि जौखोन्दोखौ थि खालामो,खहा जानाय। Pigs are considered to be amplifying hosts of Japanese Encephalitis virus. अमाखौ जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिस भाइरास गोसारहोग्रा बिजों महरै साननाय जादों। Procedures that require the collection of blood and other clinical samples should be undertaken carefully. गोनां जानाय बुथुमनाय आरो गुबुन फाहामथायारि नमुना बुथुमनायनि राहाखौ जोथोनै खालामनाया मोजां। Publication of the report in a technical journal or newsletter will ensure wider accessibility to the information. फोरमाय बिदांखौ कारिकरि लाइसि आरो खौरां लाहसियाव फोसावनाया गुबारै खौरांखौ मिथिसारनायाव गोरलै जायो। Rates of illness in those who did or did not consume a specific food item are compared, and relative risk is calculated for each food item. जायफोरा जरखा खाजा बाहागोखौ जादोंमोन एबा जायाखैमोन बिसोरनि जब्रा जानाय हारखौ रुजुनाय जादोंमोन आरो मोनफ्रोम्बो खाजानि सायाव थानाय बिबानखौ सानखनाय जादोंमोन। Regular monitoring is essential to ensure that breeding sites are eliminated in a timely manner. थाम्फै फिसा जोनोम जानाय जायगाखौ थि समावनो फोजोबस्रांनो थि जानो हानायनि थाखाय जेब्लाबो नोजोर होनाया गोनांथार। Results of some tests can be obtained locally and quickly. खाइफा आनजादनि फिथायफोरखौ थाबैनो जायगायावनो मोननो हागौ। Setting up check-posts requires massive inputs and diverts attention from other more useful control measures. नोजोर होनाय खुन्थिया गायसननायाव गोबां इनपुटस नांगौ आरो गुबुन बाहाइथाव होबथानाय राहानिफ्राय गोसोखौ सोलाय होयो एबा जानगार होयो। Similarly information on drinking water supply and Environmental sanitation is crucial for the investigation. रोखोमसेयैनो लोंनाय दै जगायनाय आरो आबहावायारि खिनाय हासुनायनि खौराङा नायसंनो थाखाय जेथो गोनां। Some suggestions to develop the key messages are given in the documents on specific diseases. खाइफा जरखा बेरामफोरनि फोरमायथि लेखायाव होनाय गुबै बाथ्राफोरखौ जौगाहोनो मोननैसो बोसोन होनाय जादों। Special emphasis must be placed on proper collection, labelling transportation and storage of clinical samples. थार बुथुमनाय,समान हानथा मेला, आरो फाहामाथाय नमुना दोन्थुमनायनि सायाव जरखा गोसो होथारनांगोन। Such rates are generally computed by dividing the number of cases in a population group by the population size of the same group. बेबायदि हारखौ सरासनस्रायै मोनसे सुबुं हानजायाव मोननाय बेरामनि अनजिमाजों एखे हानजानि सुबुं अनजिमानि(रोखोम) बिबांजों राननानै सानखनाय जायो। Such tests include water quality monitoring if a water-borne disease is suspected. बेबायदि आनजादाव दंफायो जेब्ला दैजों सोमजिनाय बेरामनि सन्देह जादों अब्ला दैनि गुनखौ नोजोर खालामनाय। The Aedes mosquito (vector for dengue fever) is a domestic breeder preferring clean water containers. एइडिस थाम्फैया(देंगु जब्रानि भेक्टर) नखरावनो गोथार दै लाखिनाय द्रामाव फिसा जोनोम होनानै मोजां मोनग्रा। The age-groups vaccinated should be fully assessed as inclusion of older children may give a false sense of higher coverage. बांसिन बैसोनि गथ’फोरखौ लाफानांगौ बांसिन बेंखननानै लानायनि नंखाय मोनदांथिनि थाखाय बैसो लानानै होनाय भेक्सिनखौ आबुङै बाहायनांगोन। The control measures should be directed towards all stages of the life cycle of the vector. होबथानाय राहाखौ भेक्टरनि गासैबो खोलोबनि जिउ फारिनि फारसे बिथोन होनाया मोजां जागोन। The cooperation of the community is imperative to control mosquito breeding by taking simple precautionary measures. गोरलै आगु होबथानाय राहा लाब्लानो सुबुंनि हेफाजाबाव थाम्फै फिसा जोनोम होनायखौ होबथानो हानाय जायो। The descriptive epidemiology will help to define the population groups at high risk of disease in terms of age-groups, geographical location, activity etc., immunisation status and other characteristics. इमुनायजेसन थाथाय आरो गुबुन गुबुन आखुथायफोर बुहुमलुरआरि जायगानि हाबा-हुखा,बैसोनि थाखोखौ लानानै फोरमाइलु महामारिया सुबुं अनजिमानि गेजेराव बेरामनि सायाव लानांगौ बिबानखौ फोरमायनायाव मदद खालामगोन। The determination of Immunization coverage levels is crucial if the outbreak is due to a vaccine preventable disease. बेराम होबथानाय भेक्सिननिफ्राय बेराम नुजायोब्ला इमुनाइजेसन साग्लोबनानै थानाय बाहागोखौ दिहुननायाव गोब्राब जायो। The factors that will influence decision will be the severity of the disease, its potential for spread to other areas, maximum incubation period and the accessibility of the affected area to routine health services. जाय गोहोआ थांखियाव गोहोम खोख्लैगोन,बेयो बेरामखौ गिथावसिन खालामो आरो गुबुन जायगासिम गोसारनायाव गोख्रोंसिन जायो फिसा गनाय समखौ बांसिन खालामो आरो खहा जानाय ओनसोलाव सम बायदि सावस्रि सिबिथाय खालामनांगौ जायो। The first three diseases are vaccine preventable and their outbreaks reflect poor immunization activity in the community. गिबि मोन्थाम बेरामफोरा जादों भेक्सिनजों होबथा जानाय आरो बिसोरनि नुजाखांनाया समाजाव गाहाइ थाखोनि इमुनाइजेसननि खामानिखौनो बेरखांहोयो। The frequency and duration of follow-up visits will depend on many factors and decisions will have to be taken at the local level. गले गले आरो सम सम दावबायनानै नोजोर होनाया गोबां जाहोननि सायाव सोनारो आरो जायगानि थाखोआव थांखिखौ लानांगौ जायो। The immunization activities, including periodicity of the immunization sessions, quantities of vaccines received and cold chain system, should be reviewed. समबायदि इमुनाइजेसन बोथोर, भेकसिननि मोननाय बिबां आरो कल्ड सैन राहाखौ लाफानानै इमुनाइजेसननि हाबा हुखाखौ फिन नायबिजिरनाया मोजां। The Immunization status in the community can be assessed through Immunization performance records available at the PHC. समाजाव इमुनाइजेसन थाथायखौ गुदि सावस्रि मिरुवाव इमुनाइजेसननि मावफुंनायनि मोननाय गोबां रेकर्डनि हेफाजाबै सानखनो हानाय जायो। The immunization status of each case must be carefully investigated to ascertain the number of doses of the vaccine received by the patient. बेरामि मोननाय भेक्सिननि दसेनि बिबांखौ रोखा मिथिनो इमुनाइजेसन थाथाया मोनफ्रोम्बो बाथ्राखौ सामोलै नायसंनांगोन। The implicated food would give the highest attack rates, and/or the highest relative risk. गाज्रि आदारनि खाजाया गाग्लोबगोननि हारखौ बांसिन खालामो एबा बिबानखौ रासिन खालामो। The important air-borne diseases those can cause outbreaks are measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, chickenpox, meningococcal meningitis, and influenza. बारजों सोमजिनाय गोनां बेरामफोर, जाइफोरा हरखाबै मिसाआइ, दिपथेरिया, गुजुनाय,गेजेर आइ मेनिनगककल, मेनिनजाइटिस आरो इनफलुयेनजा सोमजि होयो। The information will be useful in drawing up long term strategies for reducing the risk of the outbreaks in future and in more effective handling of the outbreak if it were to occur. मिथिनाय खौराङा इयुनाव हरखाब सोमजिनायनि बिबानखौ खमायनो थाखाय गोलाव समनि थांखि रनसायनायाव बाहायजागोन आरो हरखाब नुजानायखौ गोबां मावफुं जासे दैदेननो हानाय जायो। The local pradhan and panchayat members should be aware that if there is an acute case of fever with altered sensorium, the local health authorities should be notified immediately. जायगानि गाहाय आरो पन्सायतनि सोद्रोमाया सांग्रां जानाया मोजांदि जेब्ला गिथावना सेन्सरियामजों गोब्राब जब्राया नुजायो, जायगानि सावस्रि खुंथायनो थाबैनो फोरमायनाया मोजां। The main findings of the outbreak should also be discussed with the members of the rapid response team and the members of the inter-departmental committee. हरखाब बेराम नुजानायनि गुबै मोनदांनायफोरखौ गोख्रै बेंथाग्रा हानजानि सोद्रोमा आरो इसिं बिफानारि कमिटिनि सोद्रोमाजोंबो सावरायनाया मोजां। The results can be added in the final report. फिथायफोरखौ जोबथा फोरमाय बिदाङाव दाजाबदेरनो हागौ। The results of laboratory investigations should be included in the outbreak investigation report. आनजादसालि नायसंनायनि फिथाया बेराम नुजाखांनाय नायसंनाय फोरमायथिजों लाफादेरनाया मोजां। The risk of some vector borne outbreaks increases in the presence of animals or birds. खाइफा भेक्टरजों हरखाव बेराम सोमजिनायनि गिनांगौआ जुनात आरो दावसिन-दावलाफोर थायोब्ला बांसिन जायो। The risk of vector borne diseases has increased in the urban and peri-urban areas due to the changing life styles and industrial activities which have made the surrounding environment more conducive for the breeding of mosquitoes and other vectors. जिउ खुंनाय राहा आरो दामिनारि हाबा-हुखा सोलायनायनि थाखाय नोगोर आरो फिसा नोगोर ओनसोलाव भेक्टरजों सोमजिनाय बेरामनि गिनांगौवा बांसिन जादों जायनि थाखाय सोरगिदिं आबहावानि थासारियाव थाम्फै आरो गुबुन भेक्टरफोरा फिसा जोनोम होयो। The study of environmental conditions and the dynamics of its interaction with the population and causative agents will help in the formulation of hypothesis on genesis of the epidemic, which will make the basis for the control measures to be taken. आबहावा थासारि नायबिजिरनाय आरो सुबुं अनजिमाजों नंगुबैयै सावरायज्लायनाय आरो सांग्रांथि मावथिफोरा महामारिनि जिनिसिमनि सायाव थांखिनाय खान्थिखौ बाहायनायाव मदद खालामगोन, जाय होबथानाय राहानि बिथाखौ दागोन। The value of selective chemotherapy of household contacts is also doubtful. नखरजों सोमोन्दो खालामनाय साइखनाय केम’थेरापिनि फिथायाबो सन्देह गोनां। Travel and trade restrictions between countries or different areas within a country do not prevent the spread of cholera. हादरफोरनि गेजेराव एबा हादरनि मादावनो गुबुन गुबुन ओनसोलनि गेजेराव दावबायनाय आरो फालांगि हाबथाथिया कलेरा गोसारनायखौ होबथाया। Useful lessons can be learnt if the documentation is complete and data properly analysed. जेब्ला फोरमायथि लेखाफोरा आबुं आरो खारिफोरखौ गेबेङै बिजिरनाय जायोब्ला बाहाइथाव आइदाखौ सोलोंनो हागौ। Vaccination campaigns divert resources and manpower from more useful control activities. बेक्सिनेसन केम्पेइनआ थुबिल आरो सुबुं गोहोखौ गोबां बाहाइथाव होबथानाय राहानि हाबानिफ्राय जानगार खालामो। Vaccines that are currently available against cholera do not have high vaccine efficacy rates. कलेरानि हेंथायै आथिखालाव जाय भेक्सिना गोबां बेयो भेक्सिननि जाफुंनाय हारआ गोबां नङा। Vector control measures should be applied as per the calendar of activities to optimize impact for prevention of outbreaks. भेक्टर होबथानाय राहाखौ हरखाब बेराम सामजिनायखौ होबथानायनि थाखाय गोहोमखौ बांसिन खालामनायनि हाबा-हुखानि फान्जामुथि बायदि बाहायनांगौ। Vector surveillance should be immediately undertaken in other high risk pockets even if no case has been reported from the area. जायगानिफ्राय जेबो रोखोमनि  फोरमाइथि गैयाब्लाबो बांसिन गिनांगौ जानाय ओनसोलावबो भेक्टर नायदिंनाय राहाखौ थाबैनो खालामनाया मोजां। Verbal history should be used only if such records cannot be obtained. बेफोरबायदि रेकर्डखौ मोननो हायाब्लासो खुगाजों फोरमायनाय बाथ्राखौ बाहायनाया मोजां। Where piggeries have been established, regular monitoring and periodic anti-vector measures are indicated. जेब्ला अमा अग्रंखौ लुनाय जायो, जेब्लाबो आरो सम सम भेक्टर बेरेखा राहाखौ दिन्थिनानै होयो। Whereas in the past contaminated food processed in the home exposed a few individuals, the food processed and distributed extensively by the industry could result in the exposure of a large number of people. जेब्ला गोदो सानैसो मानसिफोरखौ नआवनो गिज्रा आदारफोरखौ सोदांनाय नुदोंमोन,आदारफोरखौ सोदांदोंमोन आरो दामिनफोरजों गोबाङै राननानै होदोंमोन जेराव गोबां सुबुंफोरनि गेजेराव फिथायखौ नुसारदोंमोन। While investigating an outbreak of food-borne infection, efforts should be made to interview all who are exposed for history of food consumption and illness, if any. जेब्ला खाजा बारदेरनाय जानानै हरखाब सोमजिनायखौ नायसोङो, जायफोरा आदार जानानै आरो जब्रा जानायनि जारिमिनखौ मिथिनो हास्थायो बै गासैजों मोगा-मोगि लानो नाजानाया मोजां। While investigating outbreaks of haemorrahagic fever or if parenteral route of transmission is suspected, protective gear such as gloves, masks etc. are expected to be worn by health personnel treating or investigating patients. जेब्ला हरखाब सोमजिनाय हेमराजिक जब्राखौ नायसङो एबा बिफानिफ्राय बिमा बायदि बारदेरनायनि लामाखौ सन्देह जायो, होबथाग्रा राहा जेरै ग्लबस्त, मास्क बाइदिखौ सावस्रि फाहामथाय बिबानगिरि एबा बेराम नायसंग्राफोरा गाननांगौ। While the key messages will essentially remain the same for all areas, the language and style may need to be adapted to local needs. जेब्ला गुबै बाथ्राफोरा गासैबो गोनांथि बायदियै गासै जायगायाव एखे थायो, जायगानि गोनांथि बायदि राव आरो महरखौ फिन जथाइनाया गोनांथि जानो हागौ। With respect to physical environment, the data on rainfall, humidity and temperature are available in the district meteorological centers. मोगथाङारि आबहावाजों लोबबा लाखिनानै, अखा हानाय,सिदोमा आरो बिदुंनि खारिथिया जिला बोथोर बिञान मिरुवाव गोबां दं। A case of meningitis usually presents with sudden onset of high grade fever, severe headache, stiff neck with or without altered sensorium. गमामायै हरखाबै गोब्राब लोमजानाय, गोब्रार खर’ सानाय, सोलाय सोल’ सेनसरियामजों जाथों एबा दाजाथों स्टिफ नेकजों मेनिनजाइटिसा थाफायो। A commercially available latex agglutination test may provide the aetiology of some agents of meningitis i.e. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae B, Meningococci AandC. फालांगियारि महरै मोननाय लेटेक्स एग्लुटिनेसन आनजादआ मेनिनजाइटिसनि खाइफा ए,इ,टि अलजिनि एजेन्टफोरखौ होनो हागौ जेरै स्ट्रेप्टक्कास निउमनिया, हेमिअफिलास इनफ्लुयेनजा बि, मिनिनगककि आरो C A lumber puncture for demonstration and/or isolation of organisms from CSF is essential. युख्रासे फलंनाय दंफांनि पांकसारआ जिउसाखौ सि, एस, एफ, निफ्राय फाराग खालामनो एबा दिन्थिनो थाखाइ गोनां। A majority of Hepatitis E cases however, occur in young adults. बबेखानि बांसिन हेफाटाइटिस E बेरामा लाइमोनफोरनियाव बांसिन नुजायो। A mental apathy and dullness is common and delirium may develop. गोसो अगाले मोननाय आरो गोथै महरा नुजाखांगोन आरो गोख्रों रागायो जौगानो हागौ। Acute fever is caused by a variety of viruses. बाइदि भाइरासनि थाखाय गोब्राब लोमजानाया सोमजियो। Acute respiratory infections leading to pneumonia are major causes of morbidity and mortality in India, especially in early childhood. हां लानायाव गोबांद्राय बारदेरनाया निउमनिया जाहोनानै भारताव बांसिन नोरजिया आरो थैनायखौ सोमजिहोदों, जरखायै उन्दै गथ’ गथायफोरा। Acute viral hepatitis is such a sufficiently distinct clinical syndrome that it usually poses no difficulty in diagnosis. गोब्राब भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिसआ बांसिनै फाहामथाय सिनद्रमजों फारागजाय सरासनस्रायै बेराम सिनायनायाव जेबो गोब्राब जाया। Acute watery diarrhoea in young children is the most common problem. दैजों सोमजिनाय गोख्रों दाइरियाया देरफुनाय गथ’-गथाइफोरनि बांसिन जावलेनाय जेंना। Although jaundice may occur due to many reasons, viral hepatitis is responsible for the majority of cases with jaundice in our country. गोबां जाहोनाव जनदिसआ नुजायोब्लाबो, जोंनि हादराव भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिसआनो बांसिन जनदिस जानायनि दाइनिगिरि। Although large number of cases are reported, TB meningitis is not expected to occur in the form of explosive outbreaks. गोबां अनजिमानि बेरामनि बागै मिथिनाय जादोंब्लाबो,टि,बि, मेनिनजाइटिसखौ बेरफ्रुसार महराव नुजागोन होनना साननाय जाया। At least 6 agents (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV and HGV) can cause viral hepatitis. खमैबो मोन6 एजेन्ट एइस,ए,भि, एइस, सि,भि,एइस,डि,भि,आरो एइस, जि, भि, या भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिस सोमजिहोयो । At this stage patient may present as fever with altered sensorium. बे थाखोआव बेरामिफोरखौ अलटार्द सेन्सरियामजों जब्रा जानाय नुनो हागौ। Cases are confirmed by serology for JE antibodies (demonstratin of IgM antibodies or four fold rise in IgG antibodies in paired serum samples). जे,इ, एन्टिबदिसनि थाखाय बेरामखौ थि खालामो सरलजिजों एबा IgG एन्टिबदिसखौ दिन्थिनो थाखाय एबा जरा जरा थानाय सेराम सेम्पलाव IgG एन्टिबदिसनि मोनब्रै खोलोब फानब्रेनानै नुजानायखौ फओरमायो। Cases occur throughout the year, with a seasonal increase in the monsoon and post-monsoon months. दैज्लांनि समाव आरो दैज्लांनि उन समाव बोथोरारि बांनायजों बेरामा बोसोरनाङै नुजायो। Cases of haemorrahagic fever are expected to be relatively rare and few in number. हेम’राजिक जब्रा जानाय बेरामा साननाय बादि गेबें आरो अनजिमायाबो इसेल’। Cases of shock syndrome have not been reported and case fatality rates are low. सक सिनद्रमनि बेरामनि बागै मिथिनाय जायाखै आरो थैनायनि हाराबो खम। Clinicians are aware of the need to report such cases immediately so that further field investigations could be carried out. फाहामगिरिफोरा बेफोरबादि बेरामखौ थाबैनो फोरमायनायाव सांग्रां जानांगोन जाहाथे गोनांथि नायसंनायखौ खालानो हायो। Clinicians must, however, keep in mind TB meningitis as a differential diagnosis, especially if the patient is a young child. बेराम सिनायनाया गुबुन गुबुन जानायनि थाखाय फाहामगिरिफोरा टि,बि, मेनिनजायटिसखौ गोसोआव सांग्रां जानांगोन, जरखायै बेरामिया देरबोनाय सेंग्रा जायोब्ला। Clustering and sudden increase of acute cases of fever may be due to malaria, dengue fever or other viral fevers. मेलेरिया, देंगु,जब्रा एबा गुबुन भाइरेल जब्रानि थाखायनो जब्रा जानानै गोख्रों बेरामा हरखाबै बांनानै साग्लोबनो हागौ। Death may occur within a few hours of severe episodes of acute watery diarrhoea. दैजों सोमजिनाय गोख्रों दायरिया लोमजानायनि एसे घन्टानि गेजेरावनो तैनाया नुजानो हागौ। Diagnosis can be confirmed by typical clinical presentation, age group affected and vaccination history (measles). रोखोमारि फाहामथाय दिन्थि थिनाय, बैसो लानानै खहा खालामनाय आरो भेक्सिनेसन मिथिनायजों बेराम सिनायनायखौ थि जानो हायो। Disturbances of sensorium are reflected as lethargy, somnolence, irritability, apathy or loss of consciousness. सेनसरियामनि दान्थि मोननायफोरा जादों लेथारजि समनलेन्स, मानजि्लखांनाय, अगाले मोननाय, एबा सांग्रांथि खोमानाय। Due to rapid means of transport and increase in the number of travellers, there is a potential risk of importation of these infections. हान्था मेलानि गोख्रै दावगानाय आरो दावबायारि फोरनि अनजिमाया बांनायनि थाखाय बेफोरबायदि बारदेरनाय लाबोनायाव गोनां बिहोमा होनानै गिनांगौ खालामदों। Even a single case of encephalopathy therefore reflects a relatively large number of cases of the disease in the community. एन्केफेलाइटिसनि मोनसेल’ बिदिन्थि मोनब्लाबो, बेनि थाखाय समाजाव बे बायदि बेरामनि अनजिमाया बांनो लादों। Even if a clustering of a few cases in older children and adults is noticed, investigation should be initiated promptly for impending outbreaks of these infections so that appropriate action for treatment of cases and control of outbreak is promptly taken. जेब्ला मोननैसो बिदिन्थिखौ सानैसो बैसो जानाय गथ’फोरनियाव आरो बैसो गोराफोरनियाव साग्लोबनाय नुगोन, बेफओर बारदेरनायनिफ्राय जानो हाथाव बेरामनि थाखाय नायसंनायखौ गुफुङै खालामनाया मोजां जाहाथे बेरामखौ होबथानो थाखाय फाहामथायनि गोनां राहाखौ थाबै लानो हायो। Feco-orally transmitted hepatitis E virus has been responsible for virtually all the outbreaks of viral hepatitis in India. फेक-अरेलि बारदेरनाय हेपाटाइटिस-इ भाइरासआ भारताव गासैबो रोखोमनि भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिस बेराम सोमजिनायनि मोगथां दाइनिगिरि। Fever with altered sensorium (encephalopathy) may occur as a result of complication of some diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, measles and pertussis. मोनैसो गोब्राब बेराम जेरै मेलेरिया, देंगु जब्रा, फिसा आइ आरो पारटासिसनि फिथायानो सोलाय सेनसरियाम एन्केफेलाइटिस जब्राया जानो हागौ। Fever with rash may be due to measles or chicken pox. फिसा एबा गेजेर आइनि थाखाय बिगुरनि माननाय बेरामा जानो हागौ। Focal neurological deficits may or may not be present. फकेल निउर’लजिकेलनि आंखाला थानोबो हागौ, थायाबो जानो हागौ। Focal outbreaks of acute watery diarrhoea can occur. दैजों सोमजिनाय गोब्राब दायरियानि फकेल बेरामा नुजानो हागौ। Haemorrhagic fever can also be caused by chikungunya virus. सिकुनगुनिया भाइरासजों हेमराजिक जब्रायाबो सोमजिनो हागौ। However, the type of clinical presentation and other epidemiological and entomological parameters may help in presumptive diagnosis. बबेखानि रोखोमसे फाहामथाय बिदिन्थि आरो गुबुन महामारियारि आरो सिस खालामनायाव फिन मदद खालामो। If a clustering of acute fever cases have been reported and dengue fever is suspected on clinical grounds and entomological investigations, a reported case of haemorrahagic fever from the area will clinch diagnosis. गोब्राब जब्रा साग्लोबनायखौ मिथियोब्ला फाहामथायारि जाहोनाव देंगु जब्रानि सन्देह जायोब्ला आरो इन्टिमलजिकेल नायसंनाय हेमराजिक जब्राखौ मिथियोब्ला, बे जायगानिफ्राय बेराम सिनायनायखौ दिखांना लागोन। If any case of encephalopathy due to unknown aetiology occurs in an area not known for JE, it should be reported immediately to the state health authorities for appropriate investigations. जे,इ,खौ मिथियालासिनो मिथि मोनै एटिमलजि नुजानायनि थाखाय जायखि जाया एन्केफाल’पाथिनि बेलायाव बेखौ थार नायसंनायनि थाखाय थाबैनो हादरसा सावस्रि खुंथायनो फोरमायनांगौ। If cases of severe dehydration or death following acute watery diarrhoea are reported in patients older than 5 years of age, cholera should be suspected and control measures at the field level should be initiated as per guidelines. बा बोसोरनि बांसिन बेरामफोरनियाव दैनि थाखाय दायरिया जानानै थैनाय एबा गिथावना दिहाइद्रेसननि बेलायाव मिथिनाय जायोब्ला कलेरा जानायनि सन्देह खालामनांगोन आरो बिथोन होनाय लेखा होबथानाय राहाखौ ओनसोलाव लानांगोन। If patient present with jaundice, renal involvement and hemorrhage, leptospirosis should be strongly suspected. बेरामिनियाव जन्दिस, रिनेल लोबबा हेमराज, लेप्टसपिरसिस थआयोब्ला दंथारो होनना साननांगोन। If the increase meets the criteria of an outbreak, necessary clinical, epidemiological, laboratory and entomological investigations must be conducted to confirm diagnosis. जेब्ला बांबोनाया बेराम साग्लोबनायनि जाहोनाव सफैयो, गोनां जानाय फाहामथाय, महामारिनि सायाव, आनजादसालि आरो एन्ट्रमलजिकेल नायसंनायखौ बेराम सिनायानि थि मिथिनो दैदेननाया गोनांथार। In endemic areas cases are, therefore, seen more often in children under 15 years of age as the adult population is already immune through natural infection. मिथिंगायारि बारदेरनायनि जोहै बैसो गोरा सुबुंफोरनियाव इमुनी थानायनि थाखाय, जाफ्लेबाय थानाय हालामाव बेखायनो जिबा बोसोर बैसो सिंनि गथ’फोरखौ सम सम बांसिन नाख्रेबजानाय नुनो मोनो। In majority of the cases, individuals develop immunity after infection. बांसिननि बेलायाव बारदेरनायनि उनाव सुबुंफोरनियाव इमुनिटिया जौगायो। In the absence of ORT, high mortality rates have been recorded. अ,आर,टि,गैयै समाव थैनायनि हारा गोबां जायो। Increase in the acute fever cases may be due to typhoid fever which is also relatively common in many parts of the country. गोब्राब जब्रा जानायनि बांनाया टाइफयद जब्रानि थाखायनो जानो हागौ, जाय हादरनि बांसिन जायगायावनो साग्लोबफ्रामनाय। Infection control precautions must be practiced while investigating or treating patients, and handling infectious biological material. नायसंनाय एबा बेरामखौ फाहामथाय होनाय आरो बारदेर जानाय बाइअलजिकेल बेसादफोरखौ बाहायनो गोनां जानायाव बारदेरनाय होबथानाय आगु सांग्रांथिखौ खालामथारनांगोन। Investigation of the case of haemorrahagic fever may identify a dengue fever outbreak. हेमराजिक जब्रा नायसंनाया देंगु जब्रा साग्लोबनायखौ सिनायथिनो हागौ। Isolation of virus from CSF or brain tissue is not routinely done. सि,एस,एफ, निफ्राय भाइरास एरखनाय एबा ब्रैन देंगु एबा मेलेमनि जिबख्रिफोरखौ सम बादि खालामनाय जाया। It is important that the community and the peripheral health personnel are aware of the danger sign of blood in the stools (bloody diarrhoea) so that medical help is sought immediately. बेयो गोनांदि समाज आरो बायह्रानि सावस्रि बिबानगिरिफओरा खि-हासुदै (थै खिनाय) थैयाव खैफोदनि सिननिफ्राय सांग्रां जानांगोन जाहाथे थाबैनो फाहामसालिनि हेफाजाब मोनो। JE infection is usually mild with no overt clinical symptoms or mild fever with headache. जे,इ, बारदेरनाया गमामायै फाहामथाय सिम्टमखौ रोखायै दिन्थियै एबा गोसो जब्रा जाना खर’सानायजों जायो। JE patients will give a history of acute onset with fever and change in behavior or sensorium lasting for more than 24 hours. जे,इ, बेरामिफोरा गोख्रों लोमजायो भाइरासफोरा सोलायो एबा सेनसरियामआ 24 घन्टनिबो बांसिन थावरियो। Leptospirosis is emerging as an important cause of jaundice in many parts of country. जन्दिस सोमजिनाय जाहोननि थाखाय लेप्टस्पाइरसिसआ हादरनि गोबां बाहागोआव साग्लोबसारदों। Malaria is considered as the cause of the outbreak. मेलिरियाखौ हरखाब बेराम साग्लोबनायनि जाहोन होनना साननाय जादों। Malaria is relatively common in our country. मेलेरियाया जोंनि हादराव जाफ्लेबाय थाखानाय Meningitis may occur due to tubercular, viral or pyogenic organisms. मेनिनजाइटिसा टिउबारकलार, भाइरेल एबा पिअजेनिक जिउसानिफ्राय नुजानो हागौ। Meningitis, pulmonary and cardiac involvement may also be present in some cases. मेनिनजाइटिस पालमनारि आरो संफ्लनि लोबबा थादेरनायाबो खायसेनि बेलायाव थानो हागौ। Once pneumonia is suspected, the specific etiologic diagnosis is necessary for proper management to prevent mortality and reduce further transmission. खेबसे निउमनिया जादों होनना मिथिदोंब्ला थैनायखौ होबथानो आरो बारदेरनायखौ खमायनो थार हाबाफारिनि थाखाय थिइटिअलजिक बेराम सिनायनायनि गोनां जायो। One of the complications of malaria caused by P.falciparum is encephalopathy. पि,फलसिपारामजों मेलेरियाखौ गोब्राब खालामनायनि मोनसे जाहोना जादों एन्केफाल’पाथि। Outbreaks of dysentery can occur in children. Such outbreaks have the potential of causing a large number of deaths unless specific treatment is initiated in a timely manner. गथ’साफोरनि बेलायाव दिसेन्ट्रिनि हरखाब साग्लोबनाया नुजानो हागौ,बेबादि साग्लोबनाया थि समाव फाहामथायनि राहा लासेयावबो थैनायनि अनजिमाखौ गोबां खालानो हागौ। Patient develops nonspecific symptoms including malaise, weakness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fever, and mild pain in abdomen. देहाखौ गाज्रि मोननाय, लोरबां, जानो मुगैनाय, गोबाल’ गोबाल’ मोननाय, गोबानाय, लोमजानाय आरो उदैयाव एफा एफा सानायखौ लाफानानै बेरामिनियाव थि गैयै आखुथायफोरा नुजायो। Patient should be hospitalized immediately to reduce mortality rates. थैनायनि हारखौ खमायनो बेरामिखौ थाबैनो फाहामसालियाव थिसननांगौ। Patients should be examined to see if the clinical presentation is compatible with the case definition of typhoid fever. टाइफयद जब्राजों गोरोबनाय आखु थायोब्ला फाहामथाय फोरमायथिखौ नायनो बेरामिखौ आनजाद खालामनाया मोजां। Patients with acute pneumonia usually present with acute fever, chills, cough, chest pain, other non specific symptoms, varying degree of respiratory insufficiency, and infiltrate on chest X-ray. जब्रा गोसा, गगा मोननाय लोमजानाय, गुजुनाय, बिखा सानाय, गुबुन गुबुन थि नङै आखुथाय थोजासे नङै हां लानाय हगारनायनि फारागथि आरो बिखानि एक्सरेयाव सोदाङैजों बेरामिनियाव गोब्राब निउमनियाया गमामायै थायो। Poliovirus infection is the most important cause of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children. पलिअ भाइरास बारदेरनाया गथ’फोरनियाव गोब्राब फ्लेसिद पेरालाइसिस सिमजिनायनि गोनां जाहोन। Presence of nuchal rigidity and positive Kerning and Brudzinski signs confirm the clinical diagnosis. निउसाल रिजिटि, पजिटिब करनिं आरो ब्रुजिनस्किनि दिन्थिफोरा फाहामथाय बेराम सिनायनायखौ थि खालामो। Prompt action is important to check the spread of the outbreak and to provide oral rehydration therapy which is life saving. हरखाब बेराम गोसारनायखौ मिथिनो आरो खुगा रिहाइद्रेदसन थेरापिनि थाखाय गोख्रों खामानि मावनाया गोनां जाय जिउखौ फोथांगोन। Recently, outbreaks of hepatitis B occurred in defined rural communities of Gujarat, Haryana and Rajasthan states which were epidemiologically linked to the use of unsafe injections by unqualified medical practitioners. बावैसो गुजरात, हारियाना आरो राजस्थान हादरसानि गामियारि ओनसोलनि मिथिखानाय समाजनि गेजेराव हेपाटइटिस-बिआ हरखाबै साग्लोबदोंमोन जाय रोंगौथि गैयै फाहामथाय मावथिफोरा रैखाथि गैयै बिजि बाहायनायजों महामारिया सोमोन्दो दं। Secondary household cases during the outbreaks are uncommon. गेजेर थाखोनि नखरनि बेलायाव हरखाब साग्लोबनायनि समाव जुदा जुदा एबा गोरोबलायै। Severe forms of haemorrahagic fever with high case fatality rates due to yellow fever and ebola fever have been reported from some countries. गोमो जब्रा इबला जब्रानि थाखाय गिथावना महरनि हेमराजिक जब्राजों लोगोसे थैनायनि हारा गोबां जानायनि बागै खायसे हादरनिफ्राय मिथिनाय जादों। Since malaria is relatively common, the diagnosis of malaria should be first considered. जेब्ला मेलेरिया जाफ्लेबाय थायो गिबियावनो मेलेरियानि बेराम सिनायनायखौ खालामग्रोनाया मोजां। Since samples for virus isolation need special handling, it is appropriate that specialised institutions such as NICD Delhi and NIV Pune are also involved in the investigations in the early stages. भाइरटासखौ सोखानायाव जरखा नमुनानि बाहायनांगौ समनिफ्राय गोनां राहा लानाय बेलायाव जरखायै गायसननाय फसंथान जेरै दिल्लिनि एन, आइ,सि,डि, आरो पुनेनि एन,आइ,भि, आ सिगां खोलोबाव नायसंनायाव लोबबा जाबोदोंमोन। Since typhoid fever is very common in our country, it should always be excluded by careful history, physical examination and blood culture for S.typhi. जोंनि हादराव टाइफयद जब्राया जाफ्लेबाय थानायनिफ्राय सामोलै बरनायनाय, सोलेरारि आनजाद आरो एस, टाइफिनि थैनि हारिमुखौ जेब्लाबो नेवसिनाया मोजां। Some diseases like plague, anthrax, leptospirosis, influenza, melioidosis and hanta virus infection may result in severe outbreaks with mainly pulmonary involvement. खायसे बेराम जेरै प्लेग, एनथ्राक्स, लेप्टसपाइरसिस, एनफ्लुइनज्जा, मिलिअदसिस आरो हान्टा भाइरास बारदेरनाया गिथावना बेराम सोमजिहोनो हागौ गाहयै पाल्मनारि लोबबा थानायनि थाखाय। Some of the diseases such as dengue fever may present in severe form such as haemorrahagic fever and shock syndrome. खायसे बेराम जेरै देंगु जब्रा गिथाव महरै थानो हागौ जेरै हेमराजिक जब्रा आरो सक सिन्द्रम। Specific types of viral hepatitis in individual patients can't be distinguished on clinical grounds. सुबुंनियाव जानाय बेरामाव थि रोखोमनि भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिसखौ फाहामथायनि जाहोनजों फाराग खालामनो हाया। State and national authorities must be notified immediately by the fastest routes of communication. गोख्रैसिन फोनांजाबथाय राहाजों हादरसा आरो हादरारि खुंथायनो थाबैनो फोरमायथारनांगौ। Such complications occur in a relatively small proportion of the cases. बेफोरबादि गोब्राबथिया बेरामनि खम रुजुथायावसो नुजायो। Such outbreaks have also been reported following outbreaks of measles. हरखाब फिसा आइ नुजानायखौ नायनानै बेफोरबादि हरखाब साग्लोबनायखौबो फोरमायनाय जादोंमोन। The case fatality rate may reach up to 20% among those infected during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. गोरबोआव थआनाय साखोन-सिखोन थामथि खोलोबाव जायफोरा बारदेरजानाय बिसोरनि गेजेराव थैनायनि हारा नैजि जौखोन्दोसिम बांनो हागौ। The diagnosis is confirmed by demonstration of rising antibodies, or isolation of leptospires from blood during acute illness and from urine after the first week. एन्टिबदि बांनायखौ दिन्थिनायजों एबा गोब्राब जब्रा जानायनि समाव थै आरो हासुदैनिफ्राय लेप्टस्पिरेसखौ सोखानानै गिबि सप्टानि उनावनो बेराम सिनायनायखौ थि खालामनो हायो। The diagnosis is confirmed if field investigations indicate malariogenic conditions, illness is clinically compatible and anti-malaria treatment is effective. जेब्ला दखरारि नायसंनाया मेलेरिअजेनिक थाथायखौ दिन्थियो, जब्राया फाहामथायजों गोरोबो आरो मेलेरिया होबथाग्रा फाहामथाया जाफुङो अब्ला बेराम सिनायनायखौ थि जानो हायो। The disease is clinically indistinguishable from dengue fever. बेरामखौ फाहामथायनि गेजेरजों देंगु जब्राखौ फाराग खालामजाथावा। The disease is usually characterized by abrupt onset of high grade fever, myalgia and conjuctivial suffusion. मियालगिया आरो दाजाबथायारि गोसारदेरनायजों बांद्राय गोसा जब्रा जादेरनाय आखुथायजों गमामयै बे बेरामा सोमजियो। The duration of jaundice is variable, but usually lasts 1-3 weeks. जन्दिस जानायनि समा बायदि बायदि जायो, नाथाय सेनिफ्राय थाम सप्टाफ्राम थावरियो। The expression of icterus appears to increase with increasing age. बैसोआ बांनायजों लोगोसे इ्कटारासखौ बांनाय नुनो मोनो। The facilities for making blood slides and examining them should be available at each PHC. थैनि स्लाइद बानायनाय आरो बिसोरखौ आनजाद नायनायनि खाबुवा गंफ्रोम्बो गुदि सावस्रि मिरुवाव थोजासे थानांगौ। The focal neurological signs may be stationary or progressive. फकेल निउर’लजिनि नुथाया दसेल’ एबा गोख्रोंबो जानो हागौ। The outbreaks were marked by high case fatality rates. हरखाब सोमजिनायखौ गोबां थैनाय हारजों फोरमाय जायो। The patient may develop difficulty of speech and other neurological deficits like ocular palsies, hemiplegia, tremor and ataxia. बेरामिया रायज्लायनायाव गोब्राब मोननो हागौ आरो खायसे निउरलजिकेलनि आंखाल जेरै अकुलार पालसिस, हेमिप्लेगिया, ट्रेमर आरो एटासिया नुजायो। The patient with JE may present with signs of encephalitis. एन्केफेलिटिसनि नुथायजों बेरामिनियाव जे,इ, थानो हागौ। The possibility of polio should be considered for any case of AFP, even in areas with high OPV coverage levels and a very low incidence of poliomyelitis. अ,पि,भि, साग्लोबनानै लानाय खोलोब आरो पलिअमाइलिटिसनि जोबोद खम जाथाय जानाय ओनसलावबो जायखि जाया ए,एफ,पि,नि पलिअ जादों होनना हमना लानांगोन। The report of even a single case of haemorrahagic fever from an area which has a reported increase of acute fever cases compatible with dengue fever as well as a high density of Aedes aegypti is a strong indication in favour of dengue fever. हेमराजिक जब्रानि मोनसेल’ खौरां मोननाय जायगायावबो गोब्राब जब्रा जानायखौ मिथिनाया देंगु जब्रा आरो एइदेस एजिप्टि रोजाथिनि गेजेराव देंगु जब्रा जानायनि गोख्रों इसाराखौ फोरमायथियो। The type of virus can be identified only by laboratory tests. भाइरासनि रोखोमखौ आनजादसालि आनजादनि जोहै सिनायनो हायो। The younger the age group, the more susceptible they are to dehydration. जेसेबांनो सेंग्रा बैसोनि हानजा एसेबांनो बिसोरखौ दिहाइद्रेदसननि बेलायाव गोरलैयैनो गोसारो। These outbreaks are invariably linked to contamination of water supply. बेफोर बादि हरखाब साग्लोबनाया बांसिनै दै जगायनायनि गिज्रा जानायजों सोमोन्दो दं। They can be caused by a variety of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. बिसोर बेक्टेरिया भाइरास (मैखुन) बादामालि आरो मालाय जिउसा बादि फिसा फिसा जिउसाजों सोमजिनो हागौ। Travel history or close contact with those who have recently traveled abroad should be obtained if the above infections are suspected. गोजौनि बारदेरनायखौ सन्देह जायोब्ला दावबायनायनि जारिमिन (फोरमायथि) एबा जाफोरा बावैसो जेरावबो दावबायदों बिसोरजों खाथि सोमोन्दोखौ मिथिनांगोन।स Tuberculous meningitis is relatively common in many parts of our country. टिउबारकलास मेनिनजाइटिसा जोंनि हादरसानि बांसिन जायगायावनो बांसिनफ्राम जाफ्लेबाय थायो। Typhoid fever is usually characterized by gradual onset of malaise, lethargy, headache, and myalgia, loss of appetite and fever that increases in stepwise fashion to reach 39-41 ° C in 5-7 days period. टाइफयद बेराम जायोब्ला गमामायै देहाखौ गाज्रि मोननाय, उन्दुनो गोसो जानाय, खर’सानाय,मियालगिया, उखैनाय गैयै आरो सानफा एफा बानिफ्राय स्नि साननि गेजेराव 39 निफ्राय 41 दिग्रि सेन्टिग्रेद बिदुं बांनाय आखुथायखौ नुनो मोनो। Unless treated promptly with antibiotics, it is marked by high case fatality rates. थाबैनो एन्टिबाइटिकजों फाहामथाय होआब्ला थैनायनि हारखौ बांसिन खालामो। Usually not more than a few such cases (1-2) of JE occur in one village. बबेखानि दाबसे गामियाव मोनसे एबा मोननैनिख्रुइ बांसिन जे,इ,आ नुजाया। Water borne and food borne diseases can present with a variety of clinical symptoms. दै आरो आदारजों सोमजिनाय बेरामखौ बायदि बायदि फाहामथाय सिम्टमजों दिन्थिनो हायो। While diarrhoeal episodes may also occur in adults, these usually do not result in severe dehydration or death. जेब्ला बैसो गोरानियाव बाइरियानि आखुवा नुजायो गिथावना दिहाइद्रेसन एबा थैनायनि फिथायखौ फोरमाया। 208 were found positive for malarial parasite (P.falciparum 36, P.vivax 172). 208 साफोरखौ मेलेरियारि पेरासाइत थानाय मोन्नाय जादोंमोन (पि .फेलशिपेराम36, पि.भाइभेकस 172)। 2294 blood slides were collected in village Banyani upto 2.11.91. 325 were found positive for malarial parasite (P.falciparum 131, P.vivax 194). बानियानि गामियाव 2.11.91 सिम 2294 थै स्लइदफोरा बुथुम जादोंमोन। 325 साफोरनाव मेलेरियारि पेरासाइत थानाय मोन्नाय जादोंमोनपि. फेलशिपेराम131, पि.भाइभेक्स 194)। 27 cases in SD Block were also considered an outbreak. एस.दि खोनदोनि27 जाथायफोराबो मोनसे बेराम-गोसारथिमहरै गनायथि जादोंमोन। 81 slides were found positive for malarial parasite (Plasmodium vivax 66, Plasmodium falciparum 15). मेलेरियारि पेरासाइतनि थाखाय 81 स्लाइदफोरखौ पजितिभ मोननाय जादोंमोन। (प्लासमदियाम भायभेक्स 66, प्लासमदियाम फेलसिपेराम15)। A comprehensive overview of the public health consequences of various forms of disasters may be found in Noji (1997). बायदि रोखोमनि खैफोद गोनां सुबुं देहा जाउनफोरनि मोनसे आबुं फोरमायथिखौ नजियाव मोननो हागौ (1997)। A house to house survey revealed 27 cases of jaundice in 1435 population within a reference period of 3 months. थिखानाय 3 दान समनि गेजेराव मोनसे नखर नखर नायगिदिंनाया 1435 सुबुं अनजिमायाव जनदिसनि 27 जाथायफोर फोरमायथिदोंमोन। A line list of admitted cases was available in the primary health centre, Galore. बेरामफोर हाबनायनि फारि बिसाना गवालिवरनि गुदि सावस्रि मिरुयाव गोबां जायोमोन । A medical specialist examined 63 patients, of village Banyani, of fever. सासे आखा-फाखा सावस्रि फाहामथायगिरिया बानियानि गामिनि लोमजानाय सा 63 बेरामिफोरखौ आनजाद नायदोंमोन । A patient from village Banyani (population 3403) came to the OPD of PHC on 7.10.1991 with complaints of fever, headache, bodyaches and chills. बानियानि गामिनिफ्राय सासे बेरामिया (population 3403) लोमजानाय, खर सानाय, मोदोम सानाय आरो सुहाबनाय अजदफोर लानानै 7.10.1991 अक्टखालि PHC नि OPD सिम फैदोंमोन। A special hepatitis A vaccination programme was launched among 3–15-year-olds in selected areas. मोनसे जुनिया हेपाटायटिस-ए बिजि थुनाय हाबाफारिखौ थिखानाय ओनसोलफोराव 3-15 बोसोर बैसो सुबुंफोरनि गेजेराव फोसावनायफसवनयफपप जादोंमोन। A team of doctors from the PHC surveyed the village on 8.10.1991. PHC निफ्राय डाक्टारफोरनि मोनसे हान्जाया 8.10.1991 खालि गामि नायगिदिंदोंमोन । About 3500 wells and other water sources were contaminated and wastewater-treatment plants were rendered inoperable. 3500 फ्राम दैखरफोर आरो गुबुन दै फुंखाफोरा बिस गोनां जादोंमोन, आरो गाज्रि-दै सोदांनाय बिफांफोरा फाहाम जायै जानानै थादोंमोन। About 40% of the positive slides were due to P.falciparum. 40%फ्राम पजितिभ स्लाइदफोरा पि.फेलसिपारामनि थाखाय जादोंमोन। Acute paralytic poliomyelitis is characterized by fever followed by abrupt onset of weakness or paralysis of limbs which does not progress after first 3 days. एकिउत पेरेलितिक पलिअमिएलितिस हरखाब नुजानाय लोरबांथि एबा थाफलि थरगोयै बेरामजों उन होसो जानाय लोमजानायजों महर होजायो जाय गिबि थाम साननि उनाव दावगाया। Adequate staff members who are qualified and/or oriented/trained for undertaking disease surveillance work. बेराम नायगिदिंनाय खामानि बिबान लानो थाखाय गोरों आरो/एबा अरिएनतेत गोनां/सोलोंथाय मोननाय थोजासे बिबांनि मावथि सोद्रोमाफोरनि गोनांथि दं। All except malnutrition are communicable diseases directly related to environmental health conditions, and even malnutrition is greatly exacerbated by communicable disease. मेलनिउत्रिसननि आनगायै गासै सनदेरथाव बेरामफोरा थोंजोङै आबहावायारी सावस्रिनि थासारिफोरजों सोमोन्दो गोनां आरो बबेखानि मेलनिउत्रिसना सनदेरथाव बेरामजों जोबोरै नारसिन जायो। All reports of outbreaks of typhoid fever, salmonellosis, shigellosis, acute diarrhoea, viral hepatitis A, tularaemia, invasive meningococcal disease, toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis and Lyme disease were evaluated. टाइफयेट लोमजानाय, सालमनेलसिस, सिगेल’सिस, गोब्राब खिसावनाय, जिवसायारि हेपाटायटिस-ए, तुलारामिया, साग्लोबग्रा मेनिंगकक्केल बेराम, तक्स’प्लासमसिस, लेपटसपाइरसिस, आरो लायम बायदि बेरामफोर गोसारनायनि गासै फोरमायथिफोरखौ (reports) बिजिरनाय जादोंमोन। All the residents had access to and used only sanitary latrine. गासै नखरफोरा मोनसेल’ सेनितारि खिखरसालि राहा दंमोन आरो बाहायदोंमोन। Almost all the outbreaks of viral hepatitis in India are due to faeco-orally transmitted hepatitis E. भारताव जिउसा हेपाताइतिसनि प्राय गासै गोसारथिफोरा अरेलि बारदेरनाय हेपाताइतिस E फैइकनि थाखाय जायो। An occasional outbreak may be due to hepatitis A. सम-सम जानाय गोसारथिया हेपाताइतिस A नि थाखाय जानो हागौ। Analysis of the data on clinical features in the admitted patients revealed that they initially presented with fever (100%), headache (74%), pain abdomen (18%), vomiting (17%), diarrhoea (15%), constipation (7%), palpable spleen (57%) and palpable liver (13%). थिसनजानाय बेरामिफोरखौ क्लिनिकेल महराव तथ्य नायसंनाया फोरमायथिदोंमोनदि गिबियै बिसोर लोमजानाय(100%), खर सानाय(74%),उदै सानाय(18%),गोबानाय(17%),खिसावनाय(15%), खि गोरा जानाय(7%), उदै सिङाव बेदर बारायनाय(57%), आरो लिभार देरनाय(13%) फोरखौ दिनथिदोंमोन। Besides waterborne and vector-borne disease, there may also be major epidemics of highly contagious diseases—those spread by personal contact. वातारबर्न आरो भेकतरबर्न बेरामनि अनगायैबो, जोबोरा दांदेरलायनायनि जोहै जानाय बेरामफोरनि गाहाय महामारिबो थानो हागौ- जायफोरा सुबुं दांदेरलायनायनि गेजेरजों गोसारो। Between 6 and 10% of the refugee population died during the month after arrival in Zaire. आश्रय लाग्रा सुबुंफोरनि 6% आरो 10% सुबुंफोरा झायार हादराव सफैखांनायनि उन दानाव थैदोंमोन। Bidi rolling provided the clue to the genesis of the outbreak in the village Banyani. बिडि रलिं खालामनाया बानियानि गामियाव जेनेसिस बेराम गोसारलानायनि संकेतखौ जगायदोंमोन। Both natural disasters and armed conflict may result in the breakage of water mains or the interruption of electricity supplies required to pump water. मिथिंगायारि खैफोद आरो हाथियारनि जुजिलायनाय;बे मोनैबो दैनि गुबैथिखौ सिफायो आरो दै साखोनायाव मोब्लिबारि बोहैथिनि गोनांथिखौ हेंथा होयो। By the third week of the refugee influx, relief efforts began to have a significant impact. आस्रय लागिरिफोर हाबफैनायनि थामथि सफथायाव, रैखाथिनि नाजाथिफोरा मोनसे ओंथिगोनां गोहोम खोखलैनो जागायजेनदोंमोन Camps established to provide food relief during famine are a special case, as large numbers of people who are already weak and possibly ill are likely to remain in such camps for a long time. आदार आंखाल समाव आदार रैखाथि जगायनो गायसंनाय बादाफोरा मोनसे जुनिया हाबा, मानोना लोरबां जाखानाय आरो लोमजानायाव भुगिनांथावना गोबां बिबांनि मानसिफोरा गोलाव समनि थाखाय बेफोर बादि बादाफोराव थानो गोनां जानो हागौ। Cramps, tingling sensation, and hypo-anesthesia of palms and soles are usually present in GBS. लोरिनाय, मानसु-सासु मोन्नाय आरो आखाय थाला, आफा दावदैनि थैहाबहोग्रा मुलिफोरा सरासनस्रायै GBS आव थायो। Disaster-affected people are particularly vulnerable to communicable diseases when the disaster and its immediate consequences reduce resistance to disease because of malnutrition, stress, fatigue, etc. and when post-disaster living conditions are unsanitary. खैफोदजों गोहोम-खोख्लैजानाय सुबुंफोरा गुबुयै सनदेरजाथाव बेरामफोरजों गागलोबजाथाव जायो, जेब्ला मेलनिउत्रिसन, नारसिनथाय, मेंनाय बायदिनि थाखाय खैफोद आरो बेनि हरखाब जाउनफोरा बेरामनि होबथा गोहोखौ खमायो आरो जेब्ला उन-खैफोद थांना थानाय थासारिफोरा सेनेतारि गोयै जायो District authorities were informed about the outbreak and a treatment centre was established at village Banyani to treat the patients. जिला आफादफोरखौ बेराम जासावनायनि सोमोन्दै मिथिहोनाय जायोमोन आरो बानियानि गामियाव बेरामिफोरखौ सिकितसा खालामनो थाखाय मोनसे सिकितसा मिरु गासननाय जादोंमोन। During the emergency phase of a relief operation, death rates should be expressed as deaths/10 000 per day to allow for the detection of sudden changes. मोनसे रैखाथि नायबिजिरथिंनायनि हरखाब अबस्थान समाव, हरखाब सोलायनायखौ संदाननो थाखाय थैनायनि हारखौ सानफायाव 10,000 होनना फोरमायनांगौमोन। During the period from 18 May to 19 June, 1991, 392 cases of clinically suspected typhoid fever were treated at the outpatient department of PHC Galore, district Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh. 1991नि 18 मेनिफ्राय 19 जुन समनि गेजेराव क्लेनिकेलयारियै सनदे खालामजानाय 392 ताइफयत लोमजानाय जाथायफोरखौ हिमासल प्रदेसनि हामिरपुर जिलानि PHC गेलरनि आउतपेसेन्त बिफानाव सिकितसा खालामनाय जादोंमोन। During the same period, 2184 slides were collected from other villages of PHC within 5 kilometer of village Banyani. बे एखे समावनो 2184 बिबांनि स्लाइदफोरखौ बानियानि गामिनि 5 कि.मिनि सिङाव थानाय PSC नि गुबुन गुबुन गामिफोरनिफ्राय बुथुमनाय जादोंमोन। During the survey undertaken on 8.10.1991, 466 blood slides were collected from fever cases. 8.10.1991याव मावनो लानाय नायदिंनाय समाव 466 स्लाइदफोरखौ लोमजानाय जाथायफोरनिफ्राय बुथुमनाय जादोंमोन। Earthquakes can trigger landslides that block rivers, causing flooding. बांग्रि मावनाया हा-गुगानाय सोमजिहोनो हागौ, जाय दैमाफोरखौ होथेयो, दै बाना जाहोयो। Eastern areas of the Czech Republic were severely flooded in the summer of 1997. रिपाब्लिक झेच हादरनि सानजा ओनसोलफोराव 1997 मायथायनि दैलां बोथोराव जोबोरै दै बाना जादोंमोन। Exceptions are the epidemics occurring in chronic emergencies triggered by drought and civil strife, such as those that occurred in Africa in the 1980s and 1990s. नेवसिजानायफोरा जादों रानखांनायजों(drought) सोमजिहोजानाय क्रनिक हरखाबथि समफोराव जानाय महामारि आरो सुबुं सोद्रोम दुखु-जारला, जेरै बादियै बैफोर आफ्रिकायाव 1980 आरो 1990 माइथायनि गेजेराव नुजादोंमोन। Fever is usually absent in GBS and the paralysis is symmetrical and distal. लोमजानाया सरासनस्रायै GBS आव थाया आरो बेंगुरा जानाया थार फोरमान गोनां। For instance, in the Andes it is not uncommon for a volcanic eruption to melt ice and snow, creating floods, mud flows and rock falls. बिदिन्थि महरै एन्डिसाव अरगें हाजो बेरफ्रुनायनि थाखाय बरबखौ गोदौ होनाय, दै बाना जाहोनाय, हाब्रु बोहैहोनाय आरो अन्थाय गोग्लैहोनाया जाथावै नङा। Functioning disease surveillance systems and intact environmental health services are crucial in protecting public health and in responding to these outbreaks when they occur in times of disaster. बेरामफोरखौ संदान्नो हाबा मावनाय खान्थि, दोरोद रोङै आबहावायारि देहा मावथांखिफोरा सुबुंफोरनि देहाखौ होबथानायाव खैफोद गोनां आरो बै बेराम जासावनायखौ गोनांथि होनायाव खैफोद गोनां, जेब्ला बिसोर खैफोरनि समाव नुजायो। He also informed the medical officer about a large number of cases having similar illness in the village, of whom many had died. गामियाव एखे रोखोमनि लोमजानाय गोनां गोबां बिबांनि जाथायफोरनि सोमोनदै बियो मेदिकेल मावख’गिरिनोबो फोरमायदोंमोन, जायफोरनि गोबाङा थैदोंमोन। High winds, coastal storms, mud slides and even earthquakes can all result in standing water, especially where a “cascade” of physical effects occurs. गोब्राब बार, लैथोयारि बारहुंखा, हाब्रु गुगानाय, आरो बांग्रि मावनायाबो दै दिदोमथि सोमजि होयो गासैबोयानो बोहैनाय दैयाव गोहोम खोख्लैयो। जुनियायै, जेराव देहायारि नाजानायफोरनि “केसकाद” सोमजियो। In all cases, excess standing water can promote the breeding of insect disease vectors, or contaminate water supplies with waste or sewage. गासै बिथिंफोरावनो बांद्राय दिमोलै थानाय दैया एम्फौ-एनला बेराम भेकतरफोरनि बिदै दैनायखौ सोमजिहोयो, एबा गाज्रि एबा बाहायखानदा दैजों दै साप्लायखौ बिस गोनां खालामो। In eastern Zaire in July 1994, the CMR among one million Rwandan refugees ranged from 34.1 to 54.5/10 000 per day, among the highest ever recorded. सानजायारि झायारयाव 1994 माइथायनि जुलाय दानाव से सिलियन रावानदान रिफुजिफोरनि गेजेराव CMRया साफायाव 34.1-54.5/10000 जाहैदोंमोन, बयनिखुरै बांसिन फोरमान गोनांफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे In general, health workers should be concerned when crude mortality rates (CMRs) in a displaced population exceed 1/10 000 per day, or when under-five mortality rates exceed 2/10000 per day. सरासनस्रायै, देहा जोथोन लाग्राफोरा नोजोर लाथारनांगौ जेब्ला थैनो नाङै सुबुंफोरनि थैनाय बिबाङा (CMRS)थानो जायगा गैजायै सुबुंफोरनि गेजेराव सानफायाव 1/10.000 बिबांनि जायो एबा जेब्ला 5 थिनि सिङाव थैनायनि बिबाङा सानफायाव 2/10.000 सिम बांहैयो। Isolation of wild poliovirus from AFP cases or contacts confirms the diagnosis of acute poliomyelitis. ए.एफ.पि जाथायफोर एबा सोमोनदोफोरनिफ्राय गिथावना पलियभाइरास एखुथा खालामनाया एकिउत पलियमिलितिस बेराम संनायखौ रोखा खालामो। It is noteworthy that District Farukhabad did not report any case of falciparum malaria in the last 3 years. बेयो मखनो गोनांदि फारुखाबाद जिलाया थांनाय थाम बोसोराव फेलचिपाराम मेलेरियानि जेबो फोरमान होयाखैमोन। Koraput district was reported to be affected by an "outbreak" of acute gastroenteritis (GE) in July-August, 1991. About 2270 cases and 413 deaths occurred during this period. करापुट जिलाया 1991 मायथायनि जुलाइ-आगष्ट दानाव एकिउत गेष्ट्रइनटेरिटिस बेरामनि “गोसारनाय”जों गोहोमखोखलै जादों होन्ना फोरमान होजादोंमोन। बे समाव 2270 सा बेरामिफोर आरो 413 सा थैथायफोर नुजादोंमोन। Laboratory should have access to electronic communication network for rapid transmission of results and/or early warning signals. देहा आन्जादखुलिया फिथाय एबा सिगां फोरमायथि रादाबखौ गोख्रै बारहोलायनो थाखाय गोरलैयै मोब्लिबारि खौरां हरलायनाय फोनांजाब राहा थानांगौ। Laboratory should have adequate inventory/or access to basic material that may be needed for surveillance and investigation of outbreak or to provide support in times of disasters. देहा आन्जादखुलिया थोजासे गोदान दिहुन्थाय एबा गोरलैयै बाहायनो हानाय आगजुफोर थानांगौ जायखौ खैफोदनि समाव मदद खालामनो एबा बेराम जासावनायखौ हमदांनो आरो संदाननो थाखाय गोनां जानो हागौ। Laboratory should have the facilities to wash and sterilize glassware etc. needed for collection and transportation of clinical and environmental specimens as well as for separating serum from blood samples. बेराम लोइखोन आरो आबहावायारि नमुनाफोरनि बुथुमथि आरो हानथामेलानि थाखाय गोनांथि लोगोसे थै नमुनाफोरनिफ्राय सिराम आलादा खालामनो थाखाय आनजादसालिहा सुस्रांनाय आरो जिवसा गोयै ग्लास बायदिफोरनि खाबुफोर थानांगौ। Many cases of polio have initially been diagnosed as GBS even by experts. Accordingly, WHO recommends that stool specimens should be tested for poliovirus on all cases of GBS less than 5 years of age. गिबियै पलियनि गोबां बेरामिफोरा जि.बि.एस महरै आखा-फाखा नायगिरिजोंबो बेराम सं-जाखांबाय। बेबादियैनो, WHOया गनायथिदोंदि खि नमुनाफोरखौ बा बोसोर बैसोनिख्रुइ खम जि.बि.एसनि गासै जाथायफोराव पलियभाइरासनि थाखाय आनजाद नायनांगौ। Many outbreaks are on record where a varying number of cases of jaundice (a few cases to many thousands) occurred in a short period. गोबां गोसारथिफोरा फोरमानाव दं जेराव गोबां रोखोमनि जनदिस बेरामफोरा खम समनि गेजेराव जादोंमोन। More than 200000 people were left without electricity and 30 000 without gas. 200000निख्रुइ बांसिन सुबुंफोरा मोब्लिब गैयाजासे आरो 30000 सा सुबुंफोरा गेस गैयाजासे थानांदोंमोन। Most of the cases had only diarrhoea and vomiting. बेरामफोरनि बांसिनानो खिसावनाय आरो गोबानायमोन। NICD team visited the affected area during 1-3 November 1991. NICD हानजाया 1991 मायथायनि 1-3 नबेमबराव गोहोम खोखलैजानाय ओनसोलाव नायगिदिंहैदोंमोन। No viral hepatitis A was reported from the populations vaccinated. बिजि थुजाखांनाय सुबुंफोरनिफ्राय जेबो हेफाटाइटिस-ए फोरमान मोननाय जायाखैमोन। None of patients of village Banyani had signs of meningitis. बानियानि गामिनि बेरामिफोरनि रावनियावबो मेलेमारि बेरामफोरनि नमुनाफोर मोननाय जायाखैमोन।। On inquiry, it was found that bidi rolling and agriculture were the main occupations in village Banyani and a few surrounding villages. सोंथिनि गेजेरजों बेखौ मिथिमोनदि बिडि मेरायनाय (bidi rolling) आरो आबाद मावनायानो बानियानि गामि आरो बेनि सोरगिदिं थानाय खायसे गामिफोरनि थांनानै थानायनि गुबै जिव-राहामोन। Other hazards may lead standing water or pollute, or interrupt drinking-water supplies. गुबुन खैफोद गोनां मुवाफोरा दैखौ दिमोल एबा मैला खालामनो हागौ, एबा लोंनाय-दै रानथिंनायफोरखौ हेंथा होनो हागौ। Outbreaks have been invariably linked to contaminated water supply. बेराम गोसारनायफोरा मैला गोनां दै रानसारनायजों जोबोरै सोमोनदो गोनां। Paralysis is not present at birth and is not associated with serious injury or mental retardation. पेरालाइसिस बेरामा जोनोमावनो जाया आरो गोब्राब जखम जानाय एबा मेलेमारि हेंथा मोननायजों लोब्बा गैया। Paralytic poliomyelitis is most often confused with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), transverse myelitis, and traumatic paralysis due to sciatic nerve injury. पेरेलितिक पलियमिलिटिसा एखनबा-एखनबा गायलाइन-बार सेनद्रम(GBS), ट्रेन्सभारज मायेलिटिस, आरो चियाटिक रोदा जखमनि थाखाय जानाय थ्रुमेथिक पेरालाइसिसजों गुलुं-गुजुं जायो। Postdisaster analysis showed that leptospirosis had increased threefold, but that there had been no demonstrable flooding effects in the other diseases targeted. खैफोदनि उन बिजिरनाया दिनथिदोंमोनदि लेपटषपाइरसिसा खोलोबथामसिम बारायदोंमोन, नाथाय नोजोर लाजानाय गुबुन बेरामफोराव बे मोनथामहा दिनथिजाथाव सागलोबनाय जाउनफोर गैयामोन। Recently, a few outbreaks of hepatitis B epidemiologically linked to unsafe injections have also been reported. बावैसो, मारखियारियै (epidemiologically) रैखाथि गोयै इनजेकसोनफोरजों लोबबा गोनां हेपाताइतिस B नि एसे बिबांनि गोसारथिखौ फोरमानथिनाय जादोंमोन। Recommended follow-up measures included monitoring and controlling rodents. गनायथि जानाय सं-दाननाय राहाफोरा रदेन्तफोरखौ (गोफार हाथाय गोनां फिसा जुनार जेरै- एनजर, निंगिनि) नायदिंनाय आरो होबथाथिखौ सरजाबफादोंमोन। Residents of a locality in North West Delhi (SD Block, Pitampura : population 1435) felt an unusual increase in the cases of jaundice in April, 1994. सा-सोनाब दिललि ओनसोलनि थागिरिफोरा (SD Block, pitampura : population 1435)1994 मायथायनि एप्रिल दानाव जनदिस बेरामखौ फोथायथावैयै बांनाय मोनदोंमोन। Routine measures, such as measles immunization, vitamin A supplements, standard disease treatment protocols and community outreach programmes, were established in each camp, and the water-distribution system began to provide an average of 5–10 liters per person per day. मावफारि हाबाफारिफोर जेरै बादि- जेरै मिसलेस होबथानाय, भिटामिन-ए जगायनाय, मानथाय गोनां बेराम फाहामथाय बिथांखिफोर आरो हारियारि हेफाजाब होनाय हाबाफारिफोरखौ बेफोर बादि बादाफोराव गायसननाय जादोंमोन, आरो दै रानसारनाय खानथिया सानसेयाव सासे सुबुंनो 5-10 लिटारसिमनि गेजेराव जगायनो जुरिजेनदोंमोन। Salmonella typhi was isolated in 10 of 25 blood samples examined in the laboratories of Medical College, Shimla. सिमलानि मदिकेल फरायसालिमानि आनजादसालिफोराव आनजाद नायनानै सालमनेला ताइफिखौ 25 थै नमुनाफोरनि 10 नमुनाफोराव बोखानाय जादोंमोन। Sewer pipes and sewage treatment works may also be broken or rendered inoperable. मैल-दै नाला आरो बाहायखानदा मुवाफोर फोसाबथाय खामानिफोराबो बायनो एबा फोसाब जायै जानोबो हागौ। Standard operating procedural manual should be available with the laboratory. मानथाय गोनां नायबिजिरनाय नेम-खानथियारि बिजाबा देहा आनजादखुलियाव गोबां थानांगौ। Sufficient stationery for maintaining the records and dispatching the same to other centers. फोरमानथिफोरखौ थिनानै दोननो थाखाय आरो गुबुन फसंथानफोरनिसिम एखे खौरांखौनो दैथायहरनो थोजासे स्तेसनारिफोर थानांगौ। Thanks to effective environmental health measures, epidemics following disasters are no longer common. फिथाइ गोनां आबहावायारि देहा राहाफोरनिसिम साबायखर, मारखि बेरामफोरखौ उनहोसोनाय खैफोदफोरा थावरिनानै गैलिया। The attack rate of jaundice was found to be 1.9 percent. जनदिस गाग्लोबजानाय हारखौ 1.9 जौखोनदो मोननाय जादोंमोन। The Block had piped water supply and there was no other source of water. बे ओनसोलाव नालानि गेजेरजों दै रानसारनाय जायोमोन आरो बैयाव गुबुन जेबो दैनि फुंखा गैयामोन। The block was inhabited by people belonging to middle or upper socio-economic strata. बे ओनसोला गेजेर आरो गोजौ समाज-रांखानथियारि थाखोनि थागिबिफोरजों आबुं जानाय। The Centre of Microbiology of the Czech National Institute of Public Health took immediate action, in collaboration with the regional hygiene stations. जेक नेसोनेल इन्सतितिउत अफ पाब्लिक हेल्त नि जिवसा बिगियाननि मिरुया ओनसोलारि गोगो स्तेसोनफोरजों खौसेथियै हरखाब खामानि आखायाव लादोंमोन। The conditions leading to an epidemic are caused mostly by secondary effects and not by the primary hazard, except in the case of flooding, which can cause an increase in waterborne and vector-borne diseases. मोनसे बारदेरग्रा बेराम जाहोनायनि थासारिफोरा बांसिनै नैथि जाथायजों जायो, गुदि खैफोदजों जाया, दै बाना जानायनि अनगायै, जाय अवाटारबर्न आरो भेक्टरबर्न बेराम बांहोनायनि जाहोन। The control of communicable diseases depends on a healthy environment (clean water, adequate sanitation, vector control, shelter), immunization, and health workers trained in early diagnosis and treatment. बारदेरग्रा बेरामफोरनि सामलायथाया मोनसे गोगो आबहावानि, गाग्लोबनो हायै, आरो सिगांग्रो बेराम आनजादखुलि आरो फाहामथायाव रोंगथि मोन्नाय देहा जोथोन लाग्राफोरनि सायाव सोनारो। The diagnosis of paralytic poliomyelitis should be discarded only after another diagnosis has been established. पेरेलितिक पलियमिलिटिस बेराम आनजाद नायनायखौ गुबुन बेराम नायसंनायखौ गायसंनायनि उनावसो नेवसिनांगौ। The epidemics of communicable diseases that have swept refugee camps in Africa and other parts of the world. बारदेरग्रा बेरामफोरनि मारखि बेरामफोर जाय आफ्रिका आरो बुहुमनि गुबुन गुबुन ओनसोलफोराव थानाय रिफुजि बादाफोरखौ गोहोम खोखलैदों। The five most common causes of death in emergencies and disasters are diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection, measles, malnutrition and, in endemic zones, malaria. हरखाबै थैफ्लायबायथानायनि मोनबा जोबोर सरासनस्रा जाहोन आरो खैफोदफोरा जाबाय खिसावनाय, हां-लानाय सनदेरथि, खुरिया बेरनाय, मेलनिउत्रिसन आरो ओनसोलारि मेलेरिया मारखि। The length of time that people spend in temporary settlements is an important determinant of the risk of disease transmission. मानसिफोरा अरायथा नङै जायगाफोराव गोलाव सम बारग’ होनाया बेराम बारस्लायनाय खैफोदनि मोनसे गोनां जाहोन। The list provided information on name, age, sex, address and date of onset of symptoms for all the 101 cases. फारिलाया गासै 101 बेरामिफोरनि लैखोनफोर नुजाहांनायनि मुं, बैसो, आथोन, थं आरो अक्टफोरनि सायाव खौरां जगायदोंमोन The message stated that a large number of fever cases and 21 deaths had occurred in a village in district Farukhabad. खौराङा मिथि होदोंमोनदि फारुखाबाद जिलानि मोनसे गामियाव गोबां अनजिमानि लोमजानाय जाथाय आरो 21 सा सुबुंफोर थैनाय सोमजादोंमोन। The outbreak in SD Block was due to hepatitis E. एस.दि ओनसोलाव बेराम जासावनाया हेपाटाइटिष-इ. नि थाखाय जादोंमोन। The PHC considered it an outbreak of falciparum malaria. पि.एद्स.सिया बेखौ फेलसिपाराम मेलेरियानि मोनसे गोसारथि होनना गनायनानै लादोंमोन। The prolonged mass settlement of refugees in temporary shelters with only minimal provision for essential personal hygiene is typical of a situation that may cause epidemic outbreaks of infectious diseases. गोनां गावयारि गोगो आबहावानि एसेल’ खाबु गोनां अरायथा-नङै जायगाफोराव रिफुजिफोरनि गोलाव सम थुबुर आस्रय लानाया मोनसे गोब्राब थासारि जाय सनदेरथि गोनां बेरामफोरनि मारखि गोसारथिफोरखौ सोमजि होनो हागौ। The residents therefore, used on-line-booster pumps to lift the water to their overhead tanks. बेखायनो, नखरफोरा गावसोरनि खर’ सायाव थानाय तेंकिफोराव दै बोखांनो लाइन गोनां बुसतार पाम्पफोर बाहायदोंमोन। The state health authorities informed the National Institute of Communicable Diseases on 1.11.91 about the outbreak. बेराम गोसारथिनि सोमोनदै 1.11.91 याव हादोरसा देहा बिबानगिरिफोरा नेसनेल इन्सतितिउत अफ कलिउनिकेबोल दिजिजेस-नो फोरमायथिदोंमोन The water supply was intermittent and did not fulfill the requirements of people. दै रानसारनाया सम-समसो मोन आरो बेयो सुबुंफोरनि गोनांथिखौ सुफुंनो हायाखैमोन। There are global hypotonia and global absence of deep tendon reflexes. बैयाव भुमनाङारि हाइपटनिया दं आरो गोथौ तेनदननि भुमनाङारि जोबनाया नुजायो। They examined 756 Persons, 696 (92%) of them were presently suffering from fever usually accompanied with rigors and chills. बिसोर 756 सा सुबुंफोरखौ आनजाद नायदोंमोन, बिसोरनि सा 696(92 %) सुबुंफोरा सरासानस्रायै सुखुयै आरो गोजांहाबनायजों सोगोसे लोमजानायाव भुगिदोंमोन। This high mortality rate was almost entirely due to an epidemic of diarrhea diseases and inadequate water supply. बांद्राय थैनायनि हारा प्राय खिसावनाय बेरामफोरनि मारखि आरो थोजासे नङै दै रानसारथिनि थाखायनो जादोंमोन। Traumatic paralysis due to sciatic nerve injury following a misplaced gluteal injection can be differentiated by a careful history and physical examination. गोरोनथियै ग्लुतिल इनजेकसोन होनायाव सिएतिक बिजोम जखम जानायनि थाखाय जानाय त्राउमातिक पेरालाइसिसखौ साग्रां नायसंनाय आरो देहायारि आनजाद नायनायनि गेजेरजों बोखारनो हायो। Typical findings on physical examination include: acute flaccid paralysis, muscle tenderness, no sensory loss, absent or depressed deep tendon reflexes, and asymmetrical findings. देहायारि आनजादनि नेरसोन गोनां जाउनफोरा सरजाबदों: एकिउत फ्लेसिद पेरालाइसिस, मोदोम गुरैजानाय, जेबो इनद्रिय गोमायै, नुजायै एबा निरास गोथौ तेनदन नुथायफोर, आरो एसिमेत्रिकेल जाउनफोर। Wasting of affected muscle is a late finding. Residual paralysis after 60 days of onset of symptoms, or death or unknown follow-up in an AFP case makes the presumptive diagnosis. गोहोम खोखलैजानय मोदोम उदायैया गोबावनि मोनसे जाउन। आरो लोइखोनफोर जागायजेनायनि 60 सान उननि रेसिदुयेल पेरालाइसिस, थैनाय एबा मोनसे ए.एफ.पि जाथायनि मोनथिमोनै नायसंनाया आगु बेराम संनो हानाय खालामो। While going through the streets in village Banyani, it was observed that a large number of residents were rolling bidies (local cigarette) in front of their houses. जेब्ला बानियानि गामिनि लामानि गेजेरजों थाङो, बेखौ नुदोंमोनदि गोबां थागिरिफोरा गावसोरनि नफोरनि मोखाङाव बिरिफोर (जायगारि सिगारेत) मेरायफबगासिनो दंमोन। You found that most of the cases were due to hepatitis E (laboratory findings). नोंथाङा मोनगौमोनदि बांसिन बेरामफोरानो हेपाटाइटिस इ-नि थाखाय जादोंमोन। You suspect contaminated piped water as the major factor in this outbreak. मैला गोनां नाला दैखौनो बे बेराम गोसारनायनि गाहाय जाहोन महरै नों सनदे खालाम। A case of cholera should be suspected when, in an area where the disease is not known to be present, a patient aged 5 years or more develops severe dehydration or dies from acute watery diarrhoea; मोनसे जायगा जेराव बेरामखौ दं होन्नानै मिथियाखै, कलेरानि मोनसे जाथायखौ सनदेह खालामनांगोन जेब्ला सासे 5 बोसोर एबा बांसिन बैसोनि बेरामिया बांद्राय दै रानलांनाय दिनथियो आरो दैबायदि खिसावनायनिफ्राय थैयो। About 80% of those deaths will occur in low to middle-income countries, to which the epidemic is now shifting, largely because of the tobacco industry's global strategy to target young people and adults in those areas. गुबैयै थांखु कारखानानि बुहुमारि सोलोआ बै ओनसोलनि लाइमोन सुबुंफोर आरो बैसो गोराफोरखौ नोजोरहोनायनि जाउनाव, बै थैनायफोरनि प्राय 80% आनो इसे निफ्राय गेजेर रांआरि हादरफोराव जागोन, जेराव दा महामारिआ बाबेनलांगासिनो । Active surveillance of population movements can provide data for planning emergency interventions and for general disease surveillance. सुबुंअनजिमा दोरोदनायनि गोख्रों संदान्नाया हरखाब होबथानाय बिथांखि आरो सरासनस्रा बेराम संदान्नो थाखाय data दिहुन्ना होयो। Acute respiratory infections and diarrhoea are most often the major killers in emergency situations. खैफोदगोनां थासारियाव गोब्राब हांलानाय बेरामफोर आरो खिसावनाय बेरामफोरानो फ्रायै गुबै बुथारग्रा बेरामफोरनि गुदि। Additionally, the report notes that more than half of the world's population lives in countries with little or no information about the scope of the tobacco pandemic in their country. लोगोसे, फोरमाइलाया लिरदोंदि बुहुमनि सुबुं नजिमानि खावसे निख्रुइ बांसिनानो गावसोरनि हादराव थांखु महामारि जाथावगौनि बागै इसेल’ एबा जेबो खौरांगैयै हादफोराव थांनानै दं। Although cholera can be treated, it cannot be controlled by vaccinations or by mass Chemotherapy. जुदिबो कलेराखौ फाहामनो हागौ, बेखौ बिजि थुनानै एबा गोबां केमोथेरापिजों होबथानो हाया। Although most cases of cholera are mild and treatable with simple measures, the disease can rapidly progress and result in death from dehydration. जुदिबो कलेरानि बांसिन जाथायफोरा गुरै आरो गोरलै खायदाजों फाहामजाथाव, बेरामफोरा हरखाबै गोसारनो हागौ आरो दै रानलांनायनिफ्राय थैनायखौ लाबोयो। An emergency treatment facility should be established. मोनसे हरखाब फाहामथाय राहाखौ गायसनथारनांगौ। Apart from patients, people visiting the facility should be limited to those giving care. बेरामिफोरनि अनगायै, खाबुफोरखौ नायथिंनाय सुबुंफोरखौ जोथोन होगिरिफोरसिम जोबथा होनांगौ। Appoint someone to treat each collected bucket of water with sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite. मोनफ्रोमबो थुब्रायनाय दैनि बालथिंखौ सडियाम हाइप’क्लराइट एबा केलसियाम हाइपक्लराइटजों फोसाबनो सोरबा सासेखौ सायख’। Carry out precautionary measures to reduce contamination of food sold in markets. हाथायफोराव फान्नाय जाग्रा बेसादफोरनि मैला जानायखौ खमायनो गिबिसांग्रांङारि आद’ब खायदा ला। Cholera can also spread easily where there is rudimentary sanitation and crowding, as in a refugee camp. आश्रय लाग्रा सिबिरनि बायदि जेराव जोबोद खम साखोन-सिखोन आरो होंगो-दोंगो दंङ, बेयाव कलेरायाबो गोरलैयै गोसारनो हायो। Cholera can spread very quickly in overcrowded living areas. बांद्राय होंगो-दोंगोयै जिउखुंनाय जायगाफोराव कलेरा बेरामा गोख्रै गोसारनो हागौ। Cholera is used as an example because the disease remains endemic in many parts of Africa, Asia and Latin America. कलेराखौ मोनसे बिदिनथि बायदियै बाहायदों, मानोना आफ्रिका, एसिया, आरो लेटिन आमेरिकानि गोबां बाहागोफोराव बे बेरामा ओनसोलारि जानानै दंङ। Cholera’s prevention and control in emergencies provide examples of general approaches to be adopted with other epidemics. हरखाब थासारियाव कलेरानि होबथानाय आरो दबथायनाया गुबुन महामारिफोरजों लाफानांगौ सरासनस्रा मावफारिफोरनि बिदिन्थि होयो। Compounding the international health epidemic of TB, a new strain --extensive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- has recently been documented in 45 nations around the world. TB नि मुलुगनां देहा महामारिखौ सरजाबनानै मोनसे गोदान स्ट्रैन – गुवारै गोबांमुलै- टिउबारकुल’सिस हेंथाग्रा – खौ बावैसो दुलाराय बुहुमनि 45 हादरफोराव गनायनाय जाबाय। Each year, more than a million-and-a-half people die from the disease. मोनफ्रोमबो बोसोर, से मिलियन- आरो खावसेनिख्रुइ बांसिन सुबुंफोरा बेरामजों थैयो। Early detection and treatment are proven to be the most effective weapons in fighting TB, but there is a critical shortage of technical, financial and human resources to do the basics. सिगां संदान्नाय आरो फाहामनायानो TB जों दावहा नांनायाव साबसिन गोहोम गोनां हाथियार महरै फोरमान होजादों, नाथाय गिबि हाबाफोरखौ मावनो बेहाय बाहायबिगियाननि, रांखावरि आरो सुबुं सम्पदनि मोनसे गिथाव आंखाल दंङ। Early vaccination campaigns should be considered before any cases appear. जायखिजाया जाथायफोरा नुजानायनि सिगां बिजि थुखानाय रोनफोरखौ गनायथारनांगौ। Enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and promotion; and Raising taxes and prices. थांखुनि फोसावनाय आरो जौगाखांहोनायाव होबथानाय बाहायनानै; आरो खाजोना आरो बेसेनखौ बांहोनानै। Existing reporting systems can be extended to create an area-wide surveillance system that covers priority diseases, including serious water- and sanitation-related epidemic diseases. ओनसोलारि संदान खान्थि दानो थाखाय थाखानाय सुलुङारि खानथिखौ फेहेरनो हागौ जाय दै- आरो साखोन सिखोन-सोमोनदोआरि महामारि बेरामफोरखौ लाफानानै गोनांथिसिन बेरामफोरखौ बेंखननो। For further information on clinical treatment of cholera see: World Health Organization (1993b). कलेरानि देहाफाहामसालियारि फाहामथायनि सायाव गुवारै मिथिनो थाखाय नाय: मुलुग देहा फसंथान (1993b)। Gatherings of people should be restricted if an outbreak occurs. जुदि मोनसे बेराम जासावनाया नुजादों सुबुंफोरनि थुबुर जानायखौ होबथानांगोन। Good record keeping (number of cases and deaths) at clinics and treatment centres will help in assessing whether the epidemic is getting worse, or whether public-health measures are having a positive effect. देहा फाहामसालिफोर आरो फाहामथाय मिरुफोराव मोजां बिथं (बेराम आरो थैनायनि अनजिमाफोर) लाखिनाया महामारि बांद्राय जादों एबा सुबुंफोरनि देहानि जखाथिया मोजां फिथाय थायदों बेखौ हिसाब मोनगोन। Health workers should regularly visit households to detect cases. सावश्रि सामलायगिरिफोरा बेरामफोरखौ संदान्नो थाखाय अरायबो न न गिदिंबाय थानांगोन। Healthy” cholera carriers (i.e. people carrying Vibrio cholerae with no manifest disease) are now common in the general population of many developing countries. गुफुं कलेरा बेराम रोगाग्राफोरा (जेरै, बेरामनि सिनायथि गैयैजासे भिब्रिय’ खलेरि रोगाग्रा सुबुं) आथिखालाव गोबां जौगाखां हादरफोरनि सरासनस्रा सुबुं समाजाव थासै। Histories should be taken from these patients, contacts identified, and the source of the disease isolated. बेफोर बेरामिफोर, सिनायहानाय थं, आरो बोखारनाय बेरामनि फुंखा निफ्राय जारिमिनखौ मिथिना लानांगौ। Ideally all measures of cholera avoid should done at every well when the water is collected. थारै गासैबो कलेरा नेवसिनायनि हाबाफारिखौ मोनफ्रोमबो दैख’रावनो मावथार नांगौ जेब्ला दैखौ खावनाय जायो। In addition to the WHO, WLF's partners include the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, the Stop TB Partnership, and the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. WHO जों लोगोसे, WLF नि लोगोफोराव हाबनानै दंङ टिउबारकुलसिस आरो संफ्ल’नि बेराम हेंथाग्रा ईसुंहादरारि आफाद, TB बिसिगि होबथा, आरो थांखु-उदां खुदियानि रोन। In an area where there is an outbreak of cholera, any patient aged 5 years or more develops acute watery diarrhoea, with or without vomiting (World Health Organization, 1993b). मोनसे जायगा जेराव कलेराया जासावदों, जायखिजाया 5 बोसोर एबा बांसिन बैसोनि बेरामिआ गोबानाय एबा गोबानाय गैयैजों बांद्राय दैबायदि खिनाय जाखांङो (बुहुमनां सावश्रि आफाद, 1993b)। In areas where an outbreak of cholera is possible, supplies and equipment for outbreak control and treatment should be stored locally to deal with the first stages of an outbreak. जाय जायगाफोराव कलेरानि मोनसे हरखाब जासावनाया जाथावगौ, जासावनायनि गिबि थाखोजों सिबिरयलायनो थाखाय जासावनाय दबथाय आरो फाहामनायनि थाखाय जगायनाय आरो आयजें आइलाफोरखौ खाथिखालायाव दोनथुमनांगौ। In light of these alarming statistics, the center has taken innovative steps to combat the disease. बेफोर खैफोदगोनां अनजिमा फारिलाइफोरनि सोराङाव, मिरुआ बेरामखौ गादबनो गोदान आगानफोर लाबाय। In the early 1990s, cholera epidemics affected millions of people in Africa and Latin America. 1990 माइथायनि सिगां बाहागोआव, कलेरा महामारिया आफ्रिका आरो लेटिन आमेरिकानि मिलियनसो सुबुंफोरखौ खहा खालामदोंमोन। It is important to designate specific health staff for public-health surveillance. सुबुं-सावश्रिनि देहा नायगिदिंनो थाखाय खायसे थि सावश्रि हान्जानखौ मुं होनाया गोनिंथि। It is therefore important to plan ahead in order to prevent cholera by the proper management of the water supply, sanitation and food hygiene in camps. बेनिखायनो सिबिरफोराव दै जगायनाय, सिखोन-सिखोन आरो गोथार आदारनि मोजां सामलायनायजों कलेराखौ होबथानो सिगांङावनो हाबाफारि लानाया गोनांथि। It will implement an automated drug inventory system, new to the Philippines, but implemented in other nations -- that will ensure a reliable supply of fresh medications and reduce the costs of managing, storing, and distributing vital TB medicines, making health care more effective and economic. बियो मोनसे गावनो गाव मुलि दिहुनग्रा मावखानथि गायसनगोन, फिलिपाइन्स नि थाखाय गोदान, नाथाय गुबुन हादरफोराव गायसनजाबाय -- जाय गोथार मुलैफोरनि गनायजाथाव जगायगोनखौ रोखा फोथाय होगोन आरो सामलायनायनि, दोनथुमनायनि आरो गुबै TB मुलैफोरखौ रान्नायनि राङारि खहाखौ खमायहोनानै सावश्रि जोथोन लानायखौ बांसिन गोहोम गोनां आरो गोरलै खालामनो। Its MPOWER package of six strategies is a road map with guideposts helping every country in the world to act before the tobacco scourge needlessly claims millions more lives बेनि मोनद’ आदब खायदानि जुथाय MPOWERआ दैदेनग्राखुन्थियाफोर थानाय मोनसे मावफारिलाय जाय थांखुनि मैलाबेसादा नाङालाफानो मिलियननिख्रुइबो बांसिन जिउ फोथैनायनि सिगां मावनो बुहुमनि गासैबो हादरफोरखौ हेफाजाब होयो। Mass immunization is a priority in emergency situations, where people are displaced, there is disruption of normal services, there are crowded or insanitary conditions and/or where there is widespread malnutrition, regardless of whether a single case of measles has been reported or not. खुरिया बेरामनि मोनसे जाथायखौ मोनदों एबा मोनाखैखौ सानालाबानो खैफोदगोनां थासारियाव सुबुंफोरखौ बेरामहोबथागोहो बांहोनाया मोनसे मावसिननांगौ खामानि, जेराव सुबुंफोरखौ बोथ्रोदनाय जादों, बेहाय सरासनस्रा हेफाजाबफोरा ज’स’ लांदों, बेहाय होंगो दोंगो एबा साखोनसिखोनगैयै थासारि आरो/एबा जेराव बेहाय गाज्रिआदारा गोबारै नुजादों, । Measles outbreaks are a common hazard in emergencies, often with a high case fatality rate. गाज्रि थासारियाव खुरिया बेराम गोसारनायफोरा मोनसे सरासनस्रा खैफोद, एखनब्ला मोनसे बुरजा थैनायहारनि जाथायजों। Monitoring the epidemic and prevention policies. महामारि आरो होबथानायनि बिथांखिफोर नोजोम होन्नानै। Neighbourhood and community health workers, as well as the personnel of temporary relief centres and hospitals, should be alert to patients presenting with any of a list of diseases, including typhoid or paratyphoid fever, cholera, typhus, plague, encephalitis or meningitis, as well as to excessive numbers of poisonings (including food poisoning) or cases of malaria. नसुंसेयारि आरो समाजारि देहा जोथोन लाग्राफोर, लोगोसेयैनो अरायथा नङै रैखाथि फसंथानफोर आरो देहा फाहामसालिफोनि मावथिफोरा बेरामिफोर दिन्थिनाय गासै बेरामनि मोनसे फारिलाय जहै टाइफयेड एबा पेराटाइफयेड लोमजानाय, कलेरा, टाइपास, फ्लेग, इनचेपालिटिस एबा मेनिंजाइटिस, लोगोसे बिसयारि बेसादफोरनि बारायना (आदाराव बिसजानायखौ लाफानानै) एबा मेलेरिया बेरामफोरनि फारसे सांग्रां जाथारनांगौ No country in the world has fully implemented all five policies at the highest level and with full enforcement. बुहुमनि मोनबो हादरानो गासै मोनबा बिथांखिफोरखौ गोजौसिन थाखोआव आरो आबुं बोलो होनायजों फुरायै बाहायाखै। One confirmed case of cholera should prompt all diarrhea cases to be treated as cholera. कलेरानि मोनसे रोखाजानाय बेरामा गासैबो डाइरिया बेरामफोरखौ कलेरा बायदि फाहामनो थुलुंगाहोनांगौ । Paralysis is not present at birth and is not associated with serious injury or mental retardation. पेरालाइसिसआ जोनोमाव आरो बेयो माबेबा गोब्राब जोखोम एबा मेलेमगियान खमायलांनायजों सोमोनदो गैया। Patients suspected of suffering from cholera should be treated in a place set aside for this purpose. कलेरायाव गोग्लैनाय होन्ननै सानजानाय बेमारिफोरखौ बेनि थांखिनि थाखाय गुबुनफारसे दोनखानाय मोनसे जायगाया फाहामनांगौ। Plans should also be made for the necessary steps to be taken if cholera does break out. गोनां मावफारिफोरखौबो लानांगौनि बिथांखिफोरखौ दानांगौ जुदि कलेराया हरखाबनो नुजाखांङो। Preparedness measures taken before a disaster can greatly increase the ability to control communicable diseases and prevent epidemics. मोनसे खैफोदनि सिगां थियारिगोनां हाबाफारि लानाया बारदेरग्रा बेरामफोरखौ दबथायनाय आरो महामारिफोरखौ होबथानायनि गोहोखौ गोबाङैनो बांहोनो हागौ। Protecting people from secondhand smoke. सोबखोनदा बिरि सोबनायनिफ्राय सुबुंखौ होबथानांगौ। Public-health surveillance is the collection, analysis and dissemination of health information to enable appropriate action to be taken. सुबुं-सावश्रि नायबिजिरनाया थार हाबाफारि लानांगौखौ जाफुंहोनो बुथुमनाय, बिजिरनाय आरो देहायारि खौरां फोसावनाय। Send stool samples for laboratory testing, if possible, to confirm the presence of cholera. जुदि हाथावना, कलेरनि थाथायखौ फोरमान खोलामनो खिनि नमुनाफोरखौ आनजादखुलियाव आनजाद खालामनो थाखाय दैथाहर। Sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite should be added to water at the following chlorine concentrations: 0.05% (0.5 g per litre) for washing; 0.2% (2 g per litre) for cleaning walls and floors; 1% (10 g per litre) for disinfecting contaminated bedding and clothes, and for cleaning latrines. गाहायनि क्लरिन रोजोबथिफोराव सडियाम हाइप’क्लराइट एबा केलचियाम हाइप’क्लराइटखौ दैजों गलायनांगौ: सुनायनि थाखाय 0.05% (लिटारफायाव 0.5 ग्राम); 0.2% (लिटारफायाव 2 ग्राम) इनजुर आरो हादाबफोर फोसाबनायनि थाखाय; 1% (लिटारफायाव 10 ग्राम) मैला गोनां एम-खोबग्रा सि आरो सि-जोमफोर बेरामगैयै खालामनो थाखाय। Steps taken in advance to reduce poverty, increase the level of awareness and organization, and extend normal health and sanitary services will provide additional protection for the community if disaster strikes. गोरिबखौ खमायहोनो सिगांग्रो हाबाफारि लानाया, साग्रांथि आरो आफादनि सिमाखौ बारायो, आरो जुदि खैफोदा नुजाखांङो, मोजां सोवश्रि आरो सिखोन साखोन हाबाया सुबुं माहारिनि थाखाय बांसिन रैखाथि होगोन। Stored drinking-water should be purified with at least 0.2mg per litre of free residual chlorine. दोनथुमनाय लोंग्रा दैखौ खमैब्लाबो लिटारफायान 0.2 मिलिग्राम उदां रिसिदुयेल क्लरिनजों गोथार खालामनांगौ। Such problems are more likely to occur where predisaster conditions, such as those in many densely populated mega-cities, are unsanitary. बेबादि जेंनाफोरा गोबाङैनो नुजाथावसिन, जेराव खैफोदनि सिगां थासारिफोर, जेरैबायदियै – थेखो-थेखो सुबुंगोनां सोहोरफोरा साखोन-सिखोन नङा। Surveillance of public-health problems may be possible to some extent even under the worst conditions of large-scale population movement. सुबुंफोरा बुर्जाहै दावथ्रोदनायनि बयनिख्रुइबो गाज्रिसिन थासारिफोराव थायोब्लाबो सुबुं-देहा जेंनाफोरनि संदान्नाया इसेयैब्लाबो मावनो हाथावबो जानो हागौ। Suspected disease outbreaks, indicated by information from a health surveillance system, should be rapidly investigated using standards protocols for assessment (Médecins Sans Frontières, 1997a; World Health Organization, 1999b). मोनसे देहा संदानाय खानथिनि खौरांजों दिनथिजानाय, सनदेह खालामनाय बेरामनि हरखाब नुजाखांनायखौ सानखांनायनि मोजां मावखानथि बाहायनानै गोख्रै नायबिजिर नांगौ (मेदिचिन्स सान्स फ्रान्सिस्क’, 1997a; बुहुम देहा फसंथान, 1999b)। TB is the 6th leading cause of illness and the 6th leading cause of deaths among Filipinos. फिलिपाइन थागिबिफोरनि गेजेराव TB आनो लोमजानायनि गुबै 6 थि जाहोन आरो थैनायनि गुबै 6 थि जाहोन। Test indicates faecal pollution and the possible presence of bacteria that cause diarrhoea. आनजाद नायनाया खि मैला जानाय आरो डाइरिया जाहोग्रा बेक्टेरियानि थानो हाथानगौखौ आनजादा दिनथियो। Test samples of water for the presence of Escherichia coli. दैनि नमुना फोरखौ इसेरिचिआ कलि थानायनि थाखाय आनजाद खालाम। The assessment should enable decisions to be taken on how to control the outbreak. हरखाव नुजाखांनाय बेरामफोरखौ माबोरै दबथायगौननि थिरांथा लानायाव सानखांनाया हेफाजाब होनांगौ। The control of communicable diseases in emergencies, see: Benenson (1995), Perrin (1996), Médecins Sans Frontières (1997a), Sphere Project (2000). खैफोद समावफोराव बारदेरग्रा बेरामफोरनि होबथानायखौ, नाय: बेनिन्सन (1995), पेरिन (1996), मेडिसिन्स सान्स फ्रन्टियारस (1997a), स्फेयार प्रजेक्ट (2000). The most effective approach is usually to extend the routes and patterns of reporting used by existing administrative structures in the areas where people are arriving. बयनिख्रुइबो गोहोम गोनां नाजानाया सरासनस्रायै थाखानाय सासनारि दाथायजों बाहायजानाय खौरां दैथायनायनि लामा आरो नुमुनाफोरखौ बै ओनसोलफोराव फुवारनाय, जेराव सुबुंफोरा सफैगासिनो। The need for early referral of patients with diarrhoea, and preventive measures they can take. डाइरिया गोनां बेरामिफोरनि सिगांग्रो referralनि थाखाय गोनांथि आरो होबथायारि जखाथायखौ बिसोर लानो हायो। The new center will host a TB Treatment Center, a TB laboratory, and a new Training Center in MDR-TB, one of the most dangerous and fastest growing forms of the disease. गोदान फसंथाना मोनसे TB फाहामथायारि मिरु, मोनसे TB नि आनजादफुलि, आरो मोनसे गोदान फोरोंथाय फसंथान MDR-TB आव फसंगोन जाय बयनिख्रुइबो गिख्रंथावसिन आरो गोख्रैसिन जौगाखांनाय बेरामनि महरफोरनि मोनसे। The new training curriculum will begin for clinicians in May, 2008. मे, 2008 आव देहा फाहामगिरिफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे गोदान सोलोंथायारि हाबाफारिआ जागायजेनगोन। The opening of the International Tuberculosis Center for Asia was made possible by support from World Lung Foundation; Ayala Corporation; the Angelo King Foundation; Mrs. Antoinette Magallanes-Fu; Pablo R. Antonio Designs and Consultancy, Inc; Unilever; Metrostonerich; and Argus Construction. एसियानि थाखाय इसुं हादरारि टिउबारकुलसिस फसंथाननि बेखेवनाया बुहुमनां संफ्ल’ फसं’थान; आयाला कर्परेसन; राजा एन्जेल’ फसं’थान; मिसेस. एन्ट’इनिटि मेगालानिस-फु; पाब्ल’ आर. एन्ट’निय’ डिजाइन्स आरो कन्सालटेन्चि, इन्क; इउनिलिभार; मेत्रस्टनेरिख; आरो आर्गास कनस्त्राक्सननि हेफाजाबजों मावनोहाजादों। The population should be made aware of the risk of an outbreak. सुबुंफोरखौ मोनसे हरखाब बेराम नुजाखांनायनि निफ्राय हुसियार जाहोनांगौ। The report found that only about 5% of the world's population is protected by any one of the leading five tobacco control policies: taxation, ad bans, public education, smoke-free places, and access to cessation support. खौरांआव मोन्दोंदि बुहुमनि सुबुं अनजिमानि फ्राय 5% सुबुंफोराल’ मोनबा गुबै थांखु होबथा आदबखायदाफोर: खाजोना लानाय, फोसावनायखौ होबथानाय, सुबुं सोलोंथाय, थांखु सोबै जायगाफोर, आरो होबथायारि हेफाजाखौ मोन्नाय फोरनि मोनसेजों रैखाथि होजादों। The role of hygiene education in these control measures of cholera is critical. कलेरानि बेफोर होबथायारि हाबाफारिफोराव साखोन सिखोन सोलोंथायनि हाबाया गिथावना। The role of outreach workers in these three activities is important. बेफोर मोन्थाम खामानिफोराव खाथियाव मोन्नाय खामानि मावग्राफोरनि हाबाया गोनांथि। The state-of-the-art facility will provide treatment, research, training and a steady supply of much-needed medications in the Philippines and across Asia. जौगानायनि गोजौसिन खाबुआ फाहामथाय, बिजिरसंथाय, फोरोंथाय आरो नांथारगौसिन मुलैफोरनि मोनसे लासै लासै जगायखौ फिलिपइन्स आरो दुलाराय एसियायाव होगोन। The Tropical Disease Foundation in Partnership with the World Lung Foundation And Other Funding Partners Celebrate Opening Of Facility in Manila. त्रपिकेल डिजिज फावनदेसननि लोगोसेयाव बुहुमनां संफ्ल’ फावनडेसन आरो गुबुन रांङारि हेफाजाब होग्रा लोगोफोरा मेनिलायाव खाबुनि बेखेवनायाव रंजादों। The two main strategies for controlling outbreaks of communicable disease are to reduce the number of cases through preventive activities and to reduce mortality due to the disease through early case detection and effective treatment. बारदेरग्रा बेरामनि हरखाब गोसारन्नायखौ होबथानायनि मोन्नै गुदि खायदाया जाबाय होबथायारि हाबाफारिफोरनि गेजेरजों बेरामफोरनि अनजिमाखौ खमायहोनाय आरो सिगांङावनो बेराम संदान्नाय आरो मोजाङै फाहामथायनि गेजेरजों थैनायखौ खमायहोनाय। The WHO report noted that the current five million tobacco-related deaths every year will climb to eight million a year unless governments take strong action. WHO आ खौरांङाव लिरबावदोंदि जेब्लासिम सरकारफोरा गोख्रों हाबाफारि लायासोलिबायथानाय बोसोरफ्रोमबो बा मिलिन खुनिजाउनाव थैनाया बांनानै बोसोरफायाव डाइन मिलियन जागोन । The WHO report offers an achievable agenda of proven ways to counter the tobacco epidemic, said Louis James de Viel Castel, WLF chairman. WLF नि आफादगिरि लुइस जेम्स दी भिइल कास्तेलआ बुंदोंमोन, थांखुनि महामारिखौ होबथानो रोखा लामाफोरनि मोनसे मोनहैथाव हाबाफारिद WHO नि खौराङाव बुंदों। The WHO report outlines a six strategy program, MPOWER, to reduce a global death toll that could reach one billion this century WHO खौरांङाबुंफोरदों मोनसे ड’ खायदानि हाबायारि, MPOWER, बुहुमारि थैनायनि बिबांखौ खमायहोनो जाय बे जौथायाव से बिलियनाव सहैनो हागौ। The WHO report was released today at a press conference in New York. निउ यर्क नि मोनसे खौरांगिरिफोरनि मेलाव WHO नि report बिलायाखौ दिनै बेखेवगौन। The WHO report, funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies, is the world's first-ever comprehensive report of how people in 179 countries use tobacco and what their governments are doing to reduce the health effects of tobacco use. ब्लुमबार्ग फिलानठ्रफिसजों राङारि हेफाजाब होजानाय WHO नि खौराङा 179 हादरफोरनि सुबुंफोरा थांखुखौ माबोरै बाहायो आरो बिसोरनि सरकारफोरा थांखु बाहायनानै सावश्रि गाज्रि जालांनायफोरखौ खमायनो मा मावबोदों फोरनि बुहुमनि मादावनो गिबिसिन गुवार खौरां। The World Lung Foundation (WLF) applauds the World Health Organization's "WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2008" as a landmark step toward helping nations reduce tobacco's deadly toll worldwide. बुहुम संफ्ल’ फावनडेसना (WLF) बुहुम देहाश्रि आफादनि “बुहुमनां थांखु महामारि 2008 नि सायाव WHO खौरां” खौ बुहुमनाङै थांखुनिफ्राय थैनाय अनजिमाखौ खमायनायथिंजाय हादरफोरखौ हेफाजाब होनायनि मोनसे गिदिर आगोन बाइदियै बाखनायदों। The World Lung फसं’थान is proud to support the creation of a technologically advanced center devoted to fighting TB in the Philippines and around Asia. बुहुम संफ्ल’फावनडेसना फिलिपाइन आरो एसियानि सोरगिदिंआव TBखौ फोजोबस्रांनायाव बावसोमनाय बाहायबिगियानारियै गोख्रों फसंथानखौ हेफाजाब होनानै गोगगानाय मोनदों। The World Lung Foundation today announced that a grantee, the Tropical Disease Foundation, has opened the first International Tuberculosis Center in Asia to combat Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB). दिनै बुहुम संफ्ल’ फावनडेसना फोसावदोंदि मोनसे राङारि हेफाजाब मोनगिरि, त्रपिकेल डिजिज फावनदेसना गोबां-मुलै गोख्रों TB (MDR-TB) खौ फोजोबस्रांनो एसियायाव गिबि इसुंहादरारि तिउबारकुलसिस मिरुखौ बेखेवबाय। These measures should be put into place rapidly, and should not be delayed while waiting for laboratory confirmation of the disease in question. बेफोर हाबाफारिफोरखौ गोख्रैयै खामानियाव थिसननांगौ आरो गोनोगोथो गोनां बेरामखौ आनजादखुलिनि राजि जानायखौ नेनानै गोबाव खालामनो नांङा। These should specify the additional health and environment measures to be taken, as well as how to treat cholera patients. बेफोरो देहा आरो बारहावानि दाजाबदेरनाय हाबाफारिफोर लानांगौजों लोगोसेयैनो खलेरा बेरामिखौ माबोरै फाहामनांगौखौबो मखनांथारगौ। They key to effective outbreak control is a rapid response, before the outbreak develops into a major epidemic. हरखाब बेराम गोसारनाया बांनानै मोनसे गोब्राब महामारि जानायनि सिगांनो मोजांहै ङरखाब बेराम गोसारनायखौ होबथानायनि मोन्थोरानो जादों गोख्रै मोनसे फिन्नाय होनाय। This is a critical improvement over the manual system, under which errors in ordering are frequently made, resulting in medicine shortages or inefficient surpluses. आखायजों मावनाय खानथिनि सायाव बेयो मोनसे गोग्गोम जौगानाय, जायनि सिङाव बिहरनायनि गोरोनथिखौ गोबारै खालामनायनि जाउनाव मुलैनि खमद्राय एबा थोस्लाबै सारप्लास जायो। This new system will employ Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology, which uses tiny computer chips to automatically identify and track the demand and supply of medicine quickly and accurately. बे गोदान खानथिया Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology खौ बाहायगोन, जाय गावनोगाव सिनायनो आरो मुलैनि बिनाय आरो जगायनायखौ गोख्रै आरो गेबेंङै उनसंनो थाखाय फिसा कमपिउटार चिप्सखौ बाहायो। Those responsible for routine health surveillance should be alert to the possibility of cholera, should be familiar with the signs of the disease and should report suspected cases promptly to the authorities. जेब्लाबो सावश्रि संदाननायनि थाखाय जायफोर बिबानगोनां बिसोरो कलेरानि नुजुखांनाय फारसे सांग्रां जानांगौ, बेरामनि बेरखांथिफोरखौ मोनथिखानाय आरो सनदेह खालामनाय जाथायफोरखौ बिबानगिरिफोरनो खिन्थानांगोन। To prevent them, hygiene promotion, the provision of adequate quantities of safe water, sanitation facilities and appropriate shelter are absolutely necessary. बिफोरखौ सोखानो, सिखोन-सिखोनखौ जौगाहोनाय, थोजासे बिबांनि गोगो दैनि सुबिदा, साफाहै लाखिनो खाबु होनाय आरो नांगौबादियै थानाय जायगाफोरा मैखोमै गोनांथि। Treat wells in the affected area; cover them if possible. हेराम गोसारनाय जायगाफोराव दैखरफोरखौ गोथार खालाम; जुदि हायो बिफोरखौ खोबनानै दोन। Tuberculosis -- a disease that is both preventable and curable – affects almost nine million people annually around the world. तिवबारकुल’सिसा दुलाराय बुहुमावनो बोसोरफायाव फ्राय गु मिलियन सुबुंफोरखौ गाग्लोबो जाय मोनसे होबथाथावबो आरो सोखानो हाथावगौ बेराम। Tuberculosis: A curable disease that still kills two million people each year. टिउबारकुल’सिस: मोनसे सोखानो हाथाव बेराम जाय दासिमबो बोसोरफायान नै मिलियन सुबुंफोरखौ बुथारो। Untreated, a person with active TB will infect an average of 10 to 15 other people over the course of a 12-month period. आनजाद खालामाब्ला गोथां TB गोनां सासे सुबुङा 12 दान्निनि गेजेराव गरहै 10 निफ्राय 15 गुबुन सुबुंफोरखौ गाग्लोबगोन। Use patient records to plot outbreaks on a map of the camp. सिबिरनि सावगारियाव हरखाब नुजाखांनाय बेरामफोरखौ दिनथिनो बेरामिखोरनि खौरांलायफोरखौ बाहाय। Warning about the dangers of tobacco. थांखुनि खैफोदनि बागै हुसियार जाहोनाय। We believe it will be a place where the tremendously talented people of the Tropical Disease Foundation can advance and share their knowledge for the benefit of patients throughout the region. जों फोथायो, बेयो मोनसे जायगा जागोन जेराव त्रपिकेल डिजिज फावनडेसननि जोबोर रोंगौथि गोनां सुबुंफोरा ओनसोलाव थानाय बेरामिफोरनि मुलामफानि थाखाय गावसोरनि रोंगौथिखौ जौगानो आरो रानलायनो हागोन। WLF was established in response to the global epidemic of lung disease, which kills 10 million people each year. बुहुमनाङै संफ्ल’ बेरामनि महामारिनि फिन्नायाव WLF खौ गायसन्नाय जादोंमोन, जाय बोसोरफ्रोमबो 10 मिलियन सुबुंफोरखौ बुथारो। WLF works in five primary areas: tobacco, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, child lung health, and asthma. WLF आ मोनबा गुदि आयदा: थांखु, टिउबारकुल’सिस, HIV/AIDS, गथफोरनि संफ्ल’ सावश्रि आरो हाफानिनि सायाव खामानि मावो । WLF, which develops projects to support organizations and programs that fight lung disease and tobacco use, is an active partner with the Bloomberg Initiative and WHO in producing the report and in many other tobacco control activities. खौरां दिहुन्नाय आरो गुबुन माखासे थांखु होबथायारि हाबाफारियाव WLF आ ब्लुमबार्ग इनिसिएटिभ आरो WHO मोनसे गोख्रों लोगो, जाय फसंथान आरो संफ्ल’नि बेराम आरो थांखु जानायजों दावहा नांग्रा हाबाफारिखौ हेफाजाब होनो प्रजेकट दिहुनो। World lung Foundation applauds world health organization's global tobacco report as a landmark. बुहुम संफ्ल’ फावनदेसना बुहुम देहा फसंथाननि बुहुमनां थांखुनि फोरमायलायखौ मोनसे गोहोमगोनां हाबा बादियै गनायथिदों। World lung Foundation grant results in FIRST Center In Asia to Combat Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis. बुहुम संफ्ल’ फावनदेसननि राङारि हेफाजाबा गोबां-मुलै गोख्रों तिउबारकुलसिसखौ फोजोबस्रांनो एसियायाव गिबि फसंनथानखौ जोनोम होबाय। A relationship has been proposed between exposures to bacteria and viruses during childhood. उनदै समाव बेकतेरिया आरो भाइरासजों गाग्लोब जाग्राफोरनि गजेराव मोनसे सोमोनदोखौ रादाय लानाय जादों। A variety of tests now exist to diagnose allergic conditions; these include testing the skin for responses to known allergens or analyzing the blood for the presence and levels of allergen-specific IgE. आथिखालाव एलारजिक जाथायफोरखौ सिनायथिनो गोबां रोखोमनि आनादफोर दं; बेफोर सरजाबफादों- मोनथिखानाय एलारजेनफोरनि जाउनफोरनि थाखाय बिगुरखौ आनजाद नायनाय एबा एलारजेन-रोखा आइ.जि.इनि नुजाथिनाय आरो बिबांफोरनि थाखाय थैखौ नायसंनाय। After the chemical mediators of the acute response subside, late phase responses can often occur. एकिउत जाउननि रासाइनयारि सोमोनदो खालामगिरिफोरा (mediators) जायखारनाय उनाव, गदाय खोलोब जाउनफोरा एखनबा-एखनबा नुजायो। Airways Sneezing, coughing, bronchoconstriction, wheezing and dyspnea, sometimes outright attacks of asthma, in severe cases the airway constricts due to swelling known as angioedema. बार नालाफोरनि स्नेजिं, गुजुनाय, ब्रनक’कनस्ट्राकसन, हुइजिं आरो डाइसप्या, माब्लाबा हाफानि बेरामनि गाग्लोबनायाव, हां थांग्रा लामाखौ गोब्राबै बुखांहोनायनि जाहोनाव फिसा जायो बेखौनो एनजियडेमा मुङै मिथिनाय जायो। Allergic diseases are more common in industrialized countries than in countries that are more traditional or agricultural, and there is a higher rate of allergic disease in urban populations versus rural populations, although these differences are becoming less defined. एलारजिक बेरामफोरा दोंरोङारि एबा आबादारियारि हादरफोरनिख्रुइ खारकानायारि हादरफोराव बांसिन जायो, आरो गामियारि सुबुंफोरनि हेंथायै सोहोरारि सुबुंफोरनियाव एलारजिक बेरामनि हारा बांसिन, थेवब्लाबो बैफोर फारागथिफोरा खमै फोरमाय जासै। Allergic diseases are strongly familial: identical twins are likely to have the same allergic diseases about 70% of the time; the same allergy occurs about 40% of the time in non-identical twins. एलारजिक बेरामफोरा गोख्रोङै नखरारि; एखे महरनि जावजाफोरहा खेब 70 जौखोनदोफ्राम एखे एलारजिक बेरामफोर जानो हागौ; एखे महर नङै जावजाफोरनाव एखे एलारजिया खेब 40 जौखोनदोफ्राम जायो Allergic parents are more likely to have allergic children, and their allergies are likely to be stronger than those from non-allergic parents. एलारजिक बिमा बिफाफोरा बांसिनै एलारजिक गोनां गथ’फोर मोननो हाथाव जायो, आरो बिसोरिनि एलारजिफोरा एलारजि गोयै बिमा बिफाफोरनि गथ’फोरनिख्रुइ गोख्रोंसिन जायो। Alterations in exposure to microorganisms is the most plausible explanation, at present, for the increase in atopic allergy. आथिखालाव एटपिक एलारजि बारायनायनि थाखाय जिवसायारिफोर नुजाथिनायनि सोलायफारिया मोनसे जोबोद साबसिन बेखेवसारनाय। An allergy testing machine being operated in the diagnostic immunology lab at Lackland Air Force Base. गंसे एलारजि आनजाद मेसिनखौ लारत लेन्द एयारफर्स बेसाव दाइगनसतिक इमिउनलजि आनजादसालियाव सालायनाय जादों। Aside from these ambient allergens, allergic reactions can result from foods, insect stings, and reactions to medications like aspirin, and antibiotics such as penicillin. बेफोर गासै एलारजेनफोरनि अनगायैबो, एलारजिक फिनजाथायफोरा आदार, एमफौ जोनाय, एसपिरिन बादि मुलैफोरनि फिनजाथाय, आरो पेनिसिलिन बादि एनतिबायतिकफोरनिफ्राय जानो हागौ। Before a diagnosis of allergic disease can be confirmed, the other possible causes of the presenting symptoms should be carefully considered. एलारजिक बेरामनि दाइगनसिसखौ रोखा खालामनायनि सिगां, लोइखोनफोर दिनथिनायनि गुबुन जाथावना जाहोनफोरखौ साग्राङै गोसो होनांगौ। But, despite prodigious local and international efforts, only about seven high-burden countries will likely attain these goals. नाथाय, गोख्रों जायगायारि आरो हादोर-इसिङारियै नाजासेयावबो, जानो हागौ गोब्राब बिबान बानसनगिरि मोनस्नि हादोरफोराल’ बेफोर थांखिफोरखौ मावफुं हैगोन। Certain microbe-sensing proteins, known as Toll-like receptors, found on the surface of cells in the body are also thought to be involved in these processes. देहानि जिबख्रिफोरनि सा बाहागोयाव मोननाय खाजोना (Toll) आजावग्राफोर महरै मोनथि जानाय खायसे माइक्रब-मोनदांथिनाय प्रतिनफोरखौबो बेफोर बिखानथिफोराव लोबबा गोनां होनना सननाय जायो। Child Lung Health Project demonstrated that use of standard case management and other training and management techniques developed for tuberculosis control could also be effective with child pneumonia. साइल्द लां हेल्ट प्रजेक्तया फोरमान दिनथिदोंमोनदि मानथाय गोनां बेरामि सामलायथि आरो गुबुन सोलोंथाय आरो तिउबारकुल’सिस दबथायनो थाखाय जौगा होनाय सामलायथि आदबफोराबो गथ’ निमुनाया बेरामनि थाखाय मुलामफा गोनां जानो हागौ। Clinical trials have been initiated to test the effectiveness of certain worms in treating some allergies. खायसे एलारजिफोरखौ सिकितसा खालामनायाव खायसे फिलौफोरनि मुलामफाफोरखौ आनजाद नायनो क्लिनिकेल आनजादफोर जागायजेननाय जादों। Common symptoms of allergy Affected organ Symptom Nose swelling of the nasal mucosa (allergic rhinitis). एलारजि गोहोम खोखलै जानाय अरगेननि सरासनस्रा लोइखोनफोरा गनथंयारि मुकासानि (एलारजिक रिनितिस) गनथं बुखांनाय लोइखोन जाहोयो। Cross-linking of the IgE and Fc receptors occurs when more than one IgE-receptor complex interacts with the same allergenic molecule, and activates the sensitized cell. आइ.जि.इ आरो एफ.सि आजावग्राफोरनि सोमोनदोया नुजाथियो, जेब्ला मोनसेनि बारा आइ.जि.इ- आजावग्रा जेंनाया एखे एलारजेनिक गुनद्रासाजों मोगा मोगि जायो आरो मोनदांथि गोनां जिबख्रिखौ मावथि खालामो। Cytokines from mast cells may also play a role in the persistence of long-term effects. मास्त जिबख्रिफोरनिफ्राय सितकिन्सफोराबो गोलाव-सम जाउनफोर नुजाथिबायथानायाव बिफाव लायो। Depending of the rate of severity, it can cause cutaneous reactions, bronchoconstriction, edema, hypotension, coma and even death. बांद्रायनायनि हारनि सायाव सोनारनानै, बेयो cutaneous फिनजाथायफोर, ब्रंककन्सत्रिकसोन, एदेमा, हाइपतेनसोन, कमा आरो थैनायखौबो सोमजि होनो हागौ। Each year more than three million children die before they reach the age of five from acute respiratory infections such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, HIV-related lung disease, and asthma. बोसोरफ्रोमबो थाम मिलियननिख्रुइ बांसिन गथफोरानो 5 बोसोर बैसो जानायनि सिगांनो हांलानायनि गोबां बेरामाव गोग्लैना थैयो, जेरै- निमनिया, टाबारकुलसिस, HIV जों सोमोनदो गोनां संफ्लनि बेरामफोर आरो हाफानि। Ears feeling of fullness, possibly pain, and impaired hearing due to the lack of eustachian tube drainage. खोमा रिंहाबनाय मोन्नाय, जाथावनायै सानाय आरो इस्थासियान हाखरनि आंखालाव खोनानायनि आंखाल जानाय। Effective drugs to treat and cure the disease have been available for more than 50 years, yet every 15 seconds, someone in the world dies from TB. बेरामखौ सिकितसा खालामनो आरो फाहामनो मुलामफा गोनां मुलैफोरा 50निख्रुइबो बांसिन बोसोरनि थाखाय थोजासे दं, थेवब्लाबो मोनफ्रोमबो 15 सेकेन्दयाव बुहुमाव ति.बि बेरामनिफ्राय सासे नङा सासे थैयो। Eighty percent of the world's tuberculosis cases are concentrated in 22 "high-burden" developing countries, but no corner of the world is safe. बुहुमनि तिउबारकुल’सिस बेरामिफोरनि दाइनजि जौखोनदोया मोन 22 “हाइ-बारदेन” हादोरफोराव साग्लोबनानै दं, नाथाय बुहुमनि मोनबो खनायानो रैखाथि गोनां नङा। Endotoxin exposure reduces release of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a, IFN?, interleukin-10, and interleukin-12 from white blood cells (leukocytes) that circulate in the blood. इनडटक्सिन नुजाथिनाया बुखांनाय चाइटकिन्स ओंखारनायखौ खमायो जेरै- गुफुर थै जिबख्रिफोरनिफ्राय TNF-a, IFN?, इनटारलिवकिन-10 आरो इनटारलिवकिन-12, जाय थैयाव खारसारो। Ethnicity may play a role in some allergies, however racial factors have been difficult to separate from environmental influences and changes due to migration. माहारियारिया खायसे एलारजिफोराव बिफाव लानो हायो, नाथाय migrationनि थाखाय हारियारि जाहोनफोरखौ आबहावायारि गोहोम आरो सोलाथायनिफ्राय फाराग खालामनो गोब्राब। Even more alarming, a person is newly infected with TB every second of every day. बबेखानि जोबोर हुसियार, सानफ्रोमबो मोनफ्रोमबो सेकेन्दयाव सासे सुबुङा गोदानै ति.बिजों सनदेर जायो। Exposure to allergens, especially in early life, is an important risk factor for allergy. गुबैयै, आगु बैसोयाव एलारजेफोर नुजाथिनाया, एलारजिनि मोनसे गोनां खैफोद जाहोन। Exposure to endotoxin and other components of bacteria may reduce atopic diseases. इनटक्सिनसिम नुजाथिनाय आरो बेकटेरियानि गुबुन गुबुन बाहागोफोरा एटपिक बेरामफोरखौ खमायहोनो हागौ। Eyes redness and itching of the conjunctiva (allergic conjunctivitis). मेगन जाहाबनाय आरो कनजांतिबा माननाय (allergic conjunctivitis) Food allergies rarely cause respiratory (asthmatic) reactions, or rhinitis. आदार एलारजिफोरा खमै हांयारि फिनजाथाय एबा rhinitis खौ जाहोयो। For instance, allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, causes irritation of the nose, sneezing, and itching and redness of the eyes. बिदिनथि महरै, गोरान लोमजानाय महरैबो मोनथि जानाय एलारजिक रिनितिसया गनथं मानलुनाय, हासिउनाय, माननाय आरो मेगन गोरजा जाहोयो। Gastrointestinal tract abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, Diarrhea. गेसत्रइनतेसतिनेल त्रेकफोरा जादों- उदै सानाय, दुनाय, गोबानाय, खिसावनाय । Given that 9 of the 22 high-burden countries are in Africa, and that Africa is home to more than 60% of those living with HIV, African health ministers followed suit by declaring TB an emergency in Africa in 2005. होनाय जादोंदि मोन 22 हाइ-बारदेन गोनां हादोरफोरनि मोन 9 हादोरफोरा आफ्रिकायाव दं, आरो आफ्रिकाया जादों 60 जौखोनदोनिबो बारा HIVजों थांनानै थाग्राफोरनि जायगा, आफ्रिकान देहा मिनिसतारफोरा 2005याव आफ्रिकायाव ति.बि बेरामखौ हरखाबथि महरै फोसावनानै उन-संनाय गोख्रों हाबाफारि लादोंमोन। Gutworms and similar parasites are present in untreated drinking water in developing countries, and were present in the water of developed countries until the routine chlorination and purification of drinking water supplies. उदै-फिलौफोर आरो एखे रोखोमनि पेरासाइतफोरा जौगाफु हादोरफोरनि फोसाबजायै लोंनाय दैयाव थायो, आरो समफारि गोनां क्लरिनेसोन आरो सोदांनाय लोंनाय दै रानसारथि गोयैसिम जौगालु हादोरफोरनि दैयाव बैफोर थायोमोन। Historically, all forms of hypersensitivity were classified as allergies, and all were thought to be caused by an improper activation of the immune system. जारिमिनारियै, गासै रोखोमनि हाइपारसेनसितिबितिफोरखौ एलारजि महरै बाहागो खालामनाय जादोंमोन, आरो गासैबो होबथा बिखानथिनि मोनसे गोरोनथि मावथायजों सोमजि होजादों होनना सानानै लाजादोंमोन। Most factors include heredity, sex, race and age, with heredity being by far the most important. बांसिन जाहोनफोरनो जादों बंसयारि, आथोन, हारि आरो बैसो, बंसयारिनो जादों बांसिन गोनांथि गोनां। However some allergies are not consistent along genealogies; parents who are allergic to peanuts, may have children who are allergic to ragweed, or siblings that are allergic to different things. नाथाय खायसे एलारजिफोरा फोलेरफोरजों फैफाबाय थाया, जाय बिमा-बिफाफोरा बादाम जानायजोंनो एलारजि जायो, बिसोरहा रेगउइदजोंनो(ragweed) एलारजि जानाय गथ’फोर, एबा गुगुन गुबुन मुवाफोरजोंनो एलारजि जानाय बिदा-बिनानावफोर थानो हागौ। However, the research to support this theory is conflicting, with some studies performed in China and Ethiopia showing an increase in allergy in people infected with intestinal worms. नाथाय, बे खानथिखौ मदद खालामनो नायबिजिरनाया जेंना गोनां, साइना आरो इथियपियायाव मावफुंनाय मखासे नायबिजिरथिफोरा इतिसताइनेल फिलौफोरजों सनदेरजानाय मानसिफोरनाव एलारजि बांनायखौ दिनथिदों। If later exposure to the same allergen occurs, the allergen can bind to the IgE molecules held on the surface of the mast cells or basophils. जुदि एखे एलारजेनाव उननि नुजाथिनाया जायो, अब्ला मास्त जिबख्रिफोर एबा बासफिलफोरनि सा-बाहागोयाव हमथाजानाय आइ.जि.इ गुनद्रासाफोरजों एलारजेना थाफानो हागौ। Implementation of this Global Plan to Stop TB 2006-2015 will save 14 million lives in the next decade. 2006-2015 भुमनां ति.बि होबथा बिखानथिनि बाहायफुंनाया फौगौ जिथायाव 14 मिलियन जिवफोरखौ रैखा खालामगोन। In 1963, a new classification scheme was designed by Philip Gell and Robin Coombs that described four types of hypersensitivity reactions, known as Type I to Type IV hypersensitivity. 1963 मायथायाव मोनसे गोदान थाखो रान्नाय बिथांखिया फिलिप गेल आरो रबिन कम्बजों महर होजादोंमोन, जाय रोखोम 1 निफ्राय रोखोम 4 हाइपारसेनसितिबिति महरै मोनथि जानाय मोनब्रै रोखोमनि हाइपारसेनसितिबिति फिनजाथायफोरखौ बेखेवसारदोंमोन। In fact, the most recent data shows that globally, only 53% of new infectious cases are detected. थारै, बावैसोनि तथ्यया दिनथियोदि भुमनाङारियै, गोदानै सनदेरजानाय जाथायफोरनि 53 जौखोनदोखौल’ संदाननाय जादों। In Malawi, where the initial project took place, pneumonia deaths in children under five were reduced from 20-25% to 10.3% of all cases. मालावायाव, जेराव गिबियै हाबाफारिया जायगा लादोंमोन, बा बोसोर बैसो सिंनि गथ’फोर निमुनिया बेरामाव थैनाय गासै जाथाया 20-25जौखोनदोनिफ्राय 10.3 जौखोनदोसिम खमाय हैदोंमोन। In particular, research suggests that allergies may coincide with the delayed establishment of gut flora in infants. गुबैयै, नायबिजिरनाया फोरमायथियोदि एलारजिफोरा खुदियाफोरनाव गात फ्लरानि गायसनथिया गोबाव जानायनि थाखाय जायगा लानो हागौ। In these cases, symptoms arise in areas in contact with air, such as eyes, nose and lungs. बेफोर बेरामफोराव, लोइखोनफोरा मेगेन, गनथं आरो संफ्ल बायदि बारजों सोमोनदो गोनां जायगाफोराव नुजायो। Inhaled allergens can also lead to asthmatic symptoms, caused by narrowing of the airways (bronchoconstriction) and increased production of mucus in the lungs, shortness of breath (dyspnea), coughing and wheezing. हांयारि एलारजेनफोरा हांलामाफोरखौ (ब्रंककन्सत्रिकशोन) गुसेब जाहोनानै हाफानि लोइखोनफोरबो जाहोनो हायो आरो संफ्लयाव हागादैनि बिबांखौ बांहोयो, हांथोनो थोनो (दिस्पनिया), गुजुनाय आरो गारां थेरनाय जाहोय। Insect stings, antibiotics and certain medicines produce a systemic allergic response that is also called anaphylaxis; multiple systems can be affected including the digestive system, the respiratory system, and the circulatory system. एमफौ जोनाय, एनतिबाइयतिक आरो खायसे जरखा मुलैफोरा मोनसे खानथि गोनां एलारजिक जाउन नुजाहोयो जायखौ एनाफिलेकसिसबो बुंनाय जायो; दोगोन खानथि, हां लानाय खानथि, आरो थै-खारसारथि खानथिखौ सरजाबफानानै बां-खानथिफोरा गोहोम खोखलै जानो हागौ। Interestingly, it has been suggested that different genetic loci are responsible for asthma, specifically, in people of Caucasian, Hispanic, Asian, and African origins. गोजोनथावनायै, बेखौ फोरमायनाय जादोंदि गुबुन गुबुन फोलेरारि लचिफोरा हाफानि बेरामनि थाखाय दायनिगिरि, जुनियायै कौकाचियान, हिसपानिग, एसियान आरो आफ्रिकान सुबुंफोरनियाव । International differences have been associated with the number of individuals within a population that suffer from allergy. हादोर इसिङारि फरागथिफोरा एलारजियाव भुगिनाय सुबुं अनजिमानि सुबुंफोरनि बिबांजों सोमोनदो दं। It may be that the term 'parasite' could turn out to be inappropriate, and in fact a hitherto unsuspected symbiosis is at work.For more information on this topic, see Helminthic therapy. बेयो जानो हागौदि “पेरासाइत” सोदोबा गोरोबथावैबो जानो हागौ आरो थारैनो सनदे खालामजायै जथाय पेतेरतया खामानि गोनां, बे आयदानि सायाव गोबां मिथिनो थाखाय हेलमिनटिक थेरापिखौ नाय। It seems that the likelihood of developing allergies is inherited and due to some irregularity in the way the immune system works, but the specific allergen, which causes the development of an allergy, is not. बेखौ एरैबादि नङोदि एलारजिफोर जौगाहांनाया फोलेरारि आरो होबथा खानथिफोर खामानि मावनाया अरायथा नङैनि थाखाय जायो, नाथाय एलारजि जौगानायखौ जाहोनाय जरखा लारजेना नङा। Late phase responses seen in asthma are slightly different from those seen in other allergic responses, although they are still caused by release of mediators from eosinophils, and are still dependent on activity of TH2 cells. हाफानियाव नुजानाय गदाय जाउनफोरा गुबुन एलारजिक जाउनफोराव नुनो मोननायफोरनिख्रुइ एसे आलादा, थेवब्लाबो बिसोर एवसिन’फिल्सनिफ्राय सोमोनदो खालामग्राफोर उदां जानायजों सोमजि होजायो, आरो दासिमबो ति.एद्स2 जिबख्रिफोरनि खामानिनि सायाव सोनारो। Later, it became clear that several different disease mechanisms were implicated, with the common link to a disordered activation of the immune system. उनाव, बेयो रोखा जादोंमोनदि होबथा बिखानथिनि गोरोनथि गोनां मावथायजों सरासनस्रा सोमोनदो लाखिनानै गोबां आलाद आलाद बेराम फाहाम राहाफोरखौ बाहायफुंनाय जादोंमोन। Left untreated, a person with active TB will infect an average of 10 to 15 other people every year. सिकितसा खालामजायै ति.बि गोनां सासे मानसिया बोसोरफ्रोमबो गरै 10-15सा गुबुन मानसिफोरखौ सनदेरगोन। Many allergens are airborne particles, such as dust or pollen. बांसिन एलारजेनफोरा जादों बारजों थाफानाय गुनद्रासाफोर , जेरै- हाद्रि एबा बिबा- गुनद्रा। Many low income countries cannot afford the vaccines or the antibiotics, and efforts are further hindered by inadequate drug distribution. खम आरजिथाय गोनां गोबां हादोरफोरा भेकसिन एबा एनतिबाइयतिकफोर राहा खालामनो हाया, आरो थोजासे नङै मुलै रासारथिनि थाखाय नाजानाया बांसिन उन गोगलैसिनो। Mobile populations, the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and an alarming increase in multi-drug resistant strains of the disease prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare tuberculosis a global emergency in 1992. दोरोदनाय सुबुंफोर, इद्स.आइ.भि/एइद्स गोसारनाय, आरो बेरामनि बां- मुलै होबथा जेंनाफोरनि गिथावना बांनाया बुहुमनां देहा फसंथानखौ (WHO) 1992 माइथायाव तिउबारकुल’सिसखौ भुमनां हरखाबथि महरै फोसावनो बाध्य खालामदोंमोन। Moreover, there is generally no clear protocols for treatment of childhood pneumonia, so if sick children present in an emergency room, they may not be treated using evidence-based techniques. बेनि अनगायैबो, बेवहाय सरासनस्रायै गथ’ निमुनियानि सिकितसानि थाखाय जेबो रोखा गोरोबथाव फाहाम-राहाफोर गैया, बेखायनो जुदि इमारजेनसि खथायाव बेरामि गथ’फोर फैयो, बिसोर फोरमान गोनां आदबफोर बाहायनानै सिकितसा खालाम जायाबो जानो हागौ। Most of these children die from severe pneumonia, which is five times more common in developing countries than in developed countries, with a death rate that is 10 to 50 times higher. बैफोर गथ’फोरनि बांसिनानो गोब्राब निमुनिया बेरामजों थैयो, जायनोखि जौगालु हादोरफोरनिख्रुइ जौगाफु हादोरफोराव बा गुन बांसिन जायो, जेराव थैनाय हारा 10-50 गुन बांसिन जायो। Once a diagnosis of asthma, rhinitis, anaphylaxis, or other allergic disease has been made, there are several methods for discovering the causative agent of that allergy. हाफानि, रिनितिस, एनाफिलेक्ससिस, एबा गुबुन एलारजिक बेराम संनायखौ खेबसे खालामनायनि उनाव बेवहाय, बै एलारजिखौ जाहोनाय एजेनेन्तखौ नागिरना दिहुननायनि गोबां आदबफोर थायो। One of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals is to reduce the mortality rate of children under five by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. जथाय हादोर मिलिनियाम जौगालु थांखिफोरनि मोनसे थांखिया जादों 1990 माइथायनिफ्राय 2015 माइथायनि गेजेराव 5 बोसोर बैसो सिंनि गथ’फोरनि थैनाय हारखौ थाम बाहागोनि नै बाहागोसिम खमाय होनाय। Overall, boys have a higher risk of developing allergy than girls,although for some diseases, namely asthma in young adults, females are more likely to be affected. गुबैयै, हिनजावसाफोरनिखुरै हौवसाफोरा एलारजि जानायनि खैफोदा बांसिन, अब्लाबो खायसे बेरामफोर जेरै लाइमोनफोरनीयाव जानाय हाफानि बेरामाव आइजोफोरा बांसिन गोहोम खोखलैजाथाव। Pirquet called this phenomenon "allergy" from the Greek words allos meaning "other" and ergon meaning "work". पिरकुइत बे सोमोथाव “एलारजि” खौ ग्रिक सोदोब एलस ओंथिया जादों “other” आरो एरगन ओंथिया जादों “work” फोरनिफ्राय मुं होदोंमोन। Pneumonia occurs less and is less deadly in the developed world due in part to vaccination and the availability of cheap and effective antibiotics. जौगालु बुहुमाव भेकसिनेसोन आरो खम बेसेन आरो मुलामफा गोनां एनतिबाइयतिक थोजासे मोननो हानायनि थाखाय निमुनिया बेरामा खम आरो खम गिथावना जायो। protection against the development of allergy, which has been called – the "hygiene hypothesis". एलारजि जौगानायनि हेंथायै होबथानाय, जायखौ “हाइजिन हाइप’थेसिस” बुंनाय जायो। Rather than being discouraged, the international community has re-invigorated its work to stop TB. गोसो बायग्लि होजासेयावबो, हादोर इसिङारि माहारिया ति.बि बेरामखौ होबथानो गावनि खामानिखौ गोख्रों खालामबाय। Recent research has shown that some common parasites, such as intestinal worms (e.g. hookworms), secrete chemicals into the gut wall (and hence the bloodstream) that suppress the immune system and prevent the body from attacking the parasite. गोदान नायबिजिरनाया दिनथिदोंदि माखासे सरासनस्रा बियादफोर, जेरै- बिबुयारि फिलौफोर, बिखानि इनजुरजों रासाइनारि बोहैनाय, बैयो बेराम साग्लोब हायै खानथिखौ नारसिन्नानै दोनो आरो देहाखौ बियाद साग्लोबनायनिफ्राय उदां खालामो। Risk factors for allergy can be placed in two general categories, namely host and environmental factors. एलारजिनि खैफोद जाहोनफोरखौ मोननै बाहागोयाव रानजायो, जेरै- नखरारि आरो आबहावायारि जाहोनफोर। Several studies have shown that IgE levels are highest in childhood and fall rapidly between the ages of 10 and 30 years. गोबां नायबिजिरनाया दिनथिदोंदि आइ.जि.इ बिबांफोरा गथ’फोरनाव बांसिन जायो आरो 10 आरो 30 बोसोर बैसोनि गेजेराव गोख्रैसिनै जायो। Since children that live in large families or overcrowded households, or attend day care, have a reduced incidence of allergic disease. मानोना गिदिर नखर एबा बांद्राय-सुबुं गोनां नखरफोराव थानाय, एबा सानारि जोथोन मोननाय गथ’फोरहा एलारजिक बेरामनि जाथाया खम जायो। Skin allergies frequently cause rashes, or swelling and inflammation within the skin, in what is known as a "wheal and flare" reaction characteristic of hives and angioedema. बिगुर एलारजिफोरा गले-गले मानसु-सासु खालामो एबा बिगुराव बुखांनाय आरो आलौनाय जाहोयो, जायखौ हाइभ आरो एंगियएदेमानि फिनजाथाय आखु “हुयेल आरो फ्लेर” होनना मोनथि जायो। Substances that come into contact with the skin, such as latex are also common causes of allergic reactions, known as contact dermatitis or eczema. बिगुरजों सोमोनदोयाव फैनाय मुवाफोर, जेरै बादि लेतेक्सफोराबा एलारजिक फिनजाथायफोरनि सरासनस्रा जाहोनफोर, जायखौ कनतेक्त दारमेतितिस एबा एकजेमा महरैबो मोनथिनाय जायो। Symptoms of food allergy include abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, diarrhoea, itchy skin, and swelling of the skin during hives or angiooedema. आदारएलारजिनि लक्षनफोरा सरजाब फायो- उदै सानाय, दुनाय, गोबानाय, खिसावनाय, बिगुर मान्नाय आरो हाइभफोर एबा एंगियएदेमानि समाव बिगुर बुखांनाय। The concept "allergy" was originally introduced in 1906 by the Viennese pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet, after noting that some of his patients were hypersensitive to normally innocuous entities such as dust, pollen, or certain foods. गावनि खायसे बेरामिफोरा हाद्रि, बिबार दुनद्रा, एबा आदार बायदि सरासनस्रा खम हानि गोनां मुवाफोरावनो हाइपारसेनसितिबिति जानायखौ नोजोर होनानै एलारजिनि बुंफोरथिखौ गुदियै 1960 माइथायाव भाइनस पेडिएत्रिसियेन क्लेमेन्स भन पिरकुयेटया फोसावदोंमोन। The first is an acute response that occurs immediately after exposure to an allergen. गिबिया एकिउत जाउन जाय एलारजेनजों सोमोनदोयाव फैनाय लोगो लोगो सोमजियो। The Foundation will continue to work with its partners to meet - and to exceed - these targets. फसंथाना गावनि लोगोफोरजों बेफोर थांखिफोरखौ सुफुंनो-आरो जाफुंहोनो खामानिखौ मावलांबाय थागोन। The four main candidate environmental factors are alterations in exposure to infectious diseases during early childhood, environmental pollution, allergen levels, and dietary changes. मोनब्रै गुबै आबहावायारि जाहोनफोरा जादों आगु उनदै समनि सनदेरथि गोनां बेरामफोर नुजानायनि सोलाय-सोलफोर, आबहावायारि गुबुंले, एलारजेन बिबांफोर, आरो आदारारि सोलाथिफोर। The nature of anaphylaxis is such that the reaction can seemingly be subsiding, but may recur throughout a prolonged period of time. एलाफिलेक्ससिसनि आखुया एरैबादि दि फिनजाथायखौ बोखार जानाय बादि मोनो, नाथाय गोलाव समनि गेजेराव नुजाफिननो हागौ। The pathophysiology of allergic responses can be divided into two phases. एलारजिक जाउनफोरनि पेथ’फिजिअलजिखौ मोननै महराव बाहागो खालामनो हायो। The peak prevalence of hay fever is highest in children and young adults and the incidence of asthma is highest in children under 10. गोरान लोमजानायनि जौसिन गोसारथिया गथ’फोर आरो लाइमोनफोरनाव बांसिन जायो आरो 10 बोसोर सिंनि गथ’फोरनाव हाफानिनि जाथाया बांसिन जायो। The reaction is usually seen 2-24 hours after the original reaction. फिन-जाथायखौ सरासनस्रायै गुबै फिन-जाथायनि 2-24 घन्टानि उनाव नुयो। The risk of allergic sensitization and the development of allergies varies with age, with young children most at risk. एलारजिक मोनदांथि आरो एलारजिफोर जौगानायनि खैफोदा बैसोजों आलाद आलादा जायो, उनदै गथ’फोरा बांसिन खैफोद गोनां जायो। The severity of this type of allergic response often requires injections of epinephrine, sometimes through a device known as the Epi-Pen auto-injector. बे रोखोम एलारजिक जाउन बांनायनो एखनबा एखनबा एपाइनफ्राइनि इनजेकसोनफोर गोनां जायो, माब्लाबा माब्लाबा इपि-पेन अत-इनजेकतर होनना मोनथि जानाय आदबनि जोहै। The work of the World Lung Foundation and its partners focuses on the 22 countries where 80 percent of the world's tuberculosis cases are concentrated. वारल्द लां फाउनदिसोन आरो बेनि बाहागोगिरिफोरनि खामानिया 22 हादोरफोरनि सायाव जर होसिनो जेराव बुहुमनि तिउबारकुल’सिस जाथायफोरनि 80 जौखोनदोया सागलोबनानै दं। The World Lung Foundation contributes to international efforts to reach this goal by supporting innovative approaches to improving child lung health, such as the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease’s Child Lung Health Project. वारल्द लां फाउनदिसोना गथ’ संफ्ल देहा जौगाहोनायनि गोदान राहाफोरखौ हेफाजाब होनानै बे थांखिखौ मोनहैनो बुहुमनांयारि नाजाथिफोरखौ हेफाजाब होयो, जेरै- इनतारनेसनेल इउनियोन एगेन्स्त तिउबारकुल’सिस आरो लां दिजिस साइल्द लां हेल्त प्रजेक्त। There are recent increases in the incidence of allergic disorders, however, that cannot be explained by genetic factors alone. बेवहाय एलारजिक जेंनाफोरनि जाथायाव गोदान बांथायफोर दं, थेवब्लाबो बैखौ फोलेरारि जाहोनफोरजोंल’ बेखेव जाया। This gives rise to a new slant on the hygiene hypothesis theory — that co-evolution of man and parasites has led to an immune system that only functions correctly in the presence of the parasites. बेयो गोगो हाइपथेसिस थिउरियाव मोनसे गोदान सानदांथि जौगा होयो- मानसि आरो पेरासाइतफोरनि बै खौसेथि-फारि जौगानाया मोनसे होबथा बिखानथिखौ दैदेनबाय जाय पेरासाइतफोरनि नुजाथिनायावल’ मोजाङै खामानि मावो। This is due to the migration of other leukocytes such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages to the initial site. बेयो निउत्रफिल, लिमफसित, एवसिनफिल, माइक्रफेस बायदि गुबुन लिउक’सितफोरा गिबि जायगायाव दोरोदनायनि थाखाय जायो। This phase can either subside or progress into a "late phase reaction" which can substantially prolong the symptoms of a response, and result in tissue damage. बे महरा “गदाय महर फिनजाथाय” सिम बोखार जानो एबा जौगाहैनो हागौ जाय मोनसे जाउननि रोखा जोरथाय लोइखोनफोर जानो हागौ, आरो बिदाम गाज्रि जाहोनो हागौ। This type of reaction can be triggered suddenly or the onset can be delayed. बे रोखोमनि फिनजाथाया हरखाबै गाज्रि जानो हागौ एबा जागायजेननाया गोबाव जानो हागौ। Treatments for allergies include allergen avoidance, use of antihistamines, steroids or other oral medications, immunotherapy to desensitize the response to allergen, and targeted therapy. एलारजि बेरामनि सिकितसाफोरा सरजाब फायो- एलारजेन नेवसिनाय, एनतिहिसतामाइन, स्तेरइद एबा गुबुन अरेल मुलैफोर बाहायनाय, एलारजेन फारसे थानाय मोनदांथिखौ खमायनायनि इमुन’थेरापि खालामनाय, आरो थाखानाय थेरापि। Two billion people - one third of the world's population - are infected with the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. नै बिलियन सुबुंफोर- बुहुमनि सुबुं अनजिमानि 3 नि 1 बाहागोया बेकतेरियाजों सनदेर जादोंमोन जाय तिउबारकुल’सिस जाहोयो। Two million people die from tuberculosis each year. नै बिलियन सुबुंफोरा बोसोरफ्रोमबो टिबारकुल’सिस बेरामाव थैयो। Vasomotor rhinitis, for example, is one of many maladies that shares symptoms with allergic rhinitis, underscoring the need for professional differential diagnosis. भाचमटर रिनिटिसा गोबां मुलिफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे बिदिनथिदि जाय हांगोबोरारि रिनिटिसजों बाहागो लाग्रा लक्षन, गुबुन गुबुन रोखोमनि फालांगियारि बेराम आनजाद नायग्राफोरनि गोनांथिनि फारि बिसाननि थाखाय। We are working cooperatively with the national tuberculosis control programs in these countries to implement the Global Plan, and to support the innovative community solutions envisioned in the Global Plan. जों बेफोर हादोरफोराव भुमनाङारि बिथांखिखौ बाहायफुंनो आरो भुमनां बिथांखियाव थांखि लाजानाय गोदान माहारियारि फोसाबथिफोरखौ हेफाजाब होनो हादोरारि तिउबारकुल’सिस होबथा हाबाफारिफोरजों खौसेथियै खामानि मावगासिनो दं WHO goals for tuberculosis control were to detect 70% of new infectious TB cases and to cure 85% of them by 2005. तिउबारकुल’सिस होबथानायनि थाखाय HWO थांखिफोर जादोंमोन गोदानै सनदेरनाय ति.बि बेरामफोरनि 70 जौखोनदोखौ संदाननाय आरो 2005 माइथायसिम बेफोरनि 85 जौखोनदोखौ फाहामनाय । WHO, the STOP TB Partnership, and other national and international agencies have developed an ambitious ten-year plan that will lay the groundwork for the eventual eradication of TB. WHO, स्तप ति.बि पार्तनारसिप आरो गुबुन होदोरारि आरो बुहुमनां एजेनसिफोरा मोनसे आसा गोनां जि-बोसोरारि बिथांखि जौगाहोदों जाय ति.बि बेरामखौ खमाय होनो थाखाय गाहाय थाखोनि खामानि आजावगोन। With this new classification, the word "allergy" was restricted to only type I hypersensitivities (also called immediate hypersensitivity), which are characterized as rapidly developing reactions. बे गोदान बाहागो राननायजों, “एलारजि” सोदोबा रोखोम 1 हाइपारसेनसितिबितिफोरावल’ सिमना खालाम जादोंमोन (हरखाब हाइपारसेनसितिबितिबो बुंनाय जायोमोन), जायफोरखौ गोख्रैयै जौगाफुनाय फिनजाथायफोर महरै महर होनाय जायो। Without them, the immune system becomes unbalanced and oversensitive. बिसोरनि अनगायै, होबथा बिखानथिया दिदोमथि गैयै आरो बांद्राय मोनदांथाय जाबोयो। (Asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis together) 2.3 million (about 3.7%), prevalence has increased by 48.9% between 2001 and 2005. (एज्मा, इक्जिमा आरो एलार्जिक रिनितिस जहै) 2.3 मिलियन (फ्राय 3.7%) गोसारथिआ 2001 निफ्राय 2005 नि गेजेराव 48.9% बारायबाय। (NACO) HIV/AIDS programs in India have focused predominantly on high-risk groups such as migrant laborers, truck drives, sex workers and intravenous drug users. (एन.ए.चि.अ) एद्स.आइ.बि/एद्स हाबाफारिफोरा भारतावआव बांद्राय-खैफोद हानजाफोर जेरै बारस्लायनाय मावग्राफोर, त्राक सालायगिरि, देहा फालांगआरि आरो थैरोदायाव जौ बाहायगिरिफोरनि सायाव गुबैयै नोजोर होबाय। 5-7% of infants and 1-2% of adults. A 117.3% increase in peanut allergies was observed from 2001 to 2005, an estimated 25,700 people in England are affected. खुदियाफोरनि 5-7% आरो बैसोगोनांफोरनि  1-2%. 2001 निफ्राय 2005 बादाम मानलुनायफोराव 117.3% बांलांनायखौ नुदों, इंलेन्डआव हिसाबखालमजानाय 25700 सुबुंफोरा गाग्लोबजादोंमोन। A 2003 Royal College of Physicians report presented a case for improvement of what were felt to be inadequate allergy services in the UK. [65] In 2006, the House of Lords convened a subcommittee that reported in 2007. देहाफाहामगिरि नि रयाल कलेजनि 2003 नि मोनसे फोरमाइलाया जौगानायनि मोनसे हाबाफारि दिनथिदों जायखौ इउ.खेयाव थोजासेनंङै एलार्जिनि हेफाजावफोर सान्नानै लानाय जादोंमोन। [65] 2006 आव, हाउस अफ लर्दस्आ जाय 2007आव फोरमायनाय मोनसे दालायआफाद जुथुमदोंमोन। A low total IgE level is not adequate to rule out sensitization to commonly inhaled allergens. गासै-आइ.जि.इनि मोनसे खम बिबांङा सरासनस्रायै हांलानायाव थांफानाय एलार्जि जाहोग्रानि दुंखाथायखौ नेउसिनो थोजासे नंङा। A review by the Mayo Clinic in Rochester confirmed the safety and efficacy of allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, allergic forms of asthma, and stinging insect based on numerous well-designed scientific studies. माखासे मोजाङै महर होनाय गोनोखारि बिजिरनायफोरनि सायाव बिथा खालामनानै रखिस्तारआव माय’ देहा फाहामसालिआ मोनसे नायबिजिरनायजों एलार्जिक रिनितिस आरो कनजांतिभाइतिस, एस्थ्मा एलारजिनि महरफोर, आरो जोग्रा एमफौनि थाखाय एलार्जेन खेमथेरापिखौ रैखाथि आरो मोजां महरै फोरमान खालामबाय। A second form of immunotherapy involves the intravenous injection of monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies. इमुनखेमथेरापिनि मोनसे नैथि महराव दं मनक्ल’नेल एन्टि-आइ.जि.इ एन्टिब’दिफोरनि थैरोदायाव बिजि सुनाय। A small plastic or metal device is used to puncture or prick the skin. बिगुरखौ सुफ्लंनो एबा गावफ्रुनो मोनसे फिसा प्लास्तिक एबा धातु आदबखौ बाहायदोंमोन। A third type, Sublingual immunotherapy, is an orally-administered therapy which takes advantage of oral immune tolerance to non-pathogenic antigens such as foods and resident bacteria. मोनसे थामथि रोखोम, सालाय गाहायनि इमुनखेमथेरापिआ मोनसे खुगाजों दौनानै फाहामखान्थि जाय बेराम जाहैयै एन्टिजेनफोर जेरै आदारफोर आरो बेक्टेरिया थाग्रा फारसे खुगानि बेरामहोबथा सहायथिखौ खाबु लायो। About 220 cases of anaphylaxis and 3 deaths per year are due to latex allergy. फ्राय 220 एनाफाइलेक्सिस आरो बोसोरफ्रोमबो सा 3 थैनायफोरा लेटेक्स एलारजिनि जाहोनाव। About 400 deaths due to penicillin anaphylaxis. फ्रय 400 थैनायफोरा पेनिचिलिन एनाफाइलेक्सिसनि थाखाय। Additionally, HIV prevalence is moving from the urban centers to the rural populations: rural 58.6%, urban 41.4%, with a population split of 72.2% rural, 27.8% urban including in groups that are most affected. लोगोसेयैनो, बांद्रायै खहा खालाम जानाय हानजाफोरखौ लाफानानै 72.2% गामियारि, 27.8% नोगोरारि सुबुंसमाजनि बोखावनायजों, एद्स.आइ.बिनि नुजानाया नोगोर मिरुनिफ्राय गामियारि रायजो राजानिसिम थांगासिनो: गामियारि 58.6%, नोगोरारि 41.4%। Additionally, national and international guidelines confirm the clinical efficacy of injection immunotherapy in rhinitis and asthma, as well as the safety, provided that recommendations are followed. लोगोसेयैनो, हादोरारि आरो इसुंहादोरारि दैदेनसारिफोरा रिनिटिस आरो एज्समा, लोगोसे रैखाथिनि थाखाय इमुनखेमथेरापि बिजिलानायनि देहाफाहामसालिआरि गोहोखौ रोखा खालामो, जुदि बोसोफोरखौ फालिलांङोब्ला। After completing medical school and graduating with a medical degree, a physician will then undergo three years of training in internal medicine (to become an internist) or pediatrics (to become a pediatrician). देहाफाहाम फरायसालि फोजोबन्नाय आरो मेदिकेल बिबुंजों ग्रेजुएद जानायनि उनाव, सासे देबा फाहामगिरिआ अब्ला इसुं मुलैफोर (सासे इसुंमुलैगिरि जानो थाखाय) एबा पेदिआट्रिक्स आव (सासे पेदिआट्रिक्स जानो थाखाय) थाम बोसोरनि सोलोंथायआव थागोन। After obtaining postgraduate exams (MRCP or MRCPCH respectively) a doctor works as several years as a specialist registrar before qualifying for the General Medical Council specialist register. पस्टग्रेजुएट आनजाद (फारियै एम.आर.सि.पि एबा एम.आर.सि.पि.सि.एद्स) मोनखांनायनि उनाव सासे देहाफाहामगिरिया गाहाय मेदिकेल आफाद रोंखाराखा नाइखांबिलाइनिफ्राय उथ्रिनायनि सिगां सासे रोंखाराखा रेजिसथ्रार महरै गोबां बोसोर खामानि मावो। Allergist-immunologists who are listed as ABAI-certified have successfully passed the certifying examination of the American Board of Allergy and Immunology (ABAI), following their fellowship. जाय एलार्जिस्ट-इमुनलजिस्टफोरखौ ए.बि.ए.आइ-फोरमान होजानाय महरै मुंहोनाय जादों बिसोरो रोंबानथाजों लागासे जाफुंसारङै मानलुनाय आरो इमिउनलजिनि आमेरिखान बर्द (ए,बि.ए.आइ)नि, फोरमान होजानाय आनजादखौ उथ्रिबाय। Allergy services may also be delivered by immunologists. एलार्जि हाबाफारिफोरखौ देहा बेराम होबथा फाहामगिरिफोरजोंबो मावलांजायो। Although genetic factors fundamentally govern susceptibility to atopic disease, increases in atopy have occurred within too short a time frame to be explained by a genetic change in the population. जुदिबो फोलेरारि बिजोंफोरानो एटपिक बेरामनि गाग्लोबजाथाव आव मैखोमै बिहोमा जगायो, अब्लाबो एटपिनि बारायनाया एरैबायसा गुसुं समनि गेजेराव नुजासारो जायखौ सुबुंसमाजाव फोलेरारि सोलायनायजों फोरमायजाया। An allergist-immunologist is a physician specially trained to manage and treat asthma and the other allergic diseases. सासे एलार्जिस्ट-इमुनलजिस्टआ एस्थ्मा आरो गुबुन एलार्जि बेरामफोरखौ सामलायो आरो फाहामनो गुबैयै गुनगोनां खालामनाय सासे देहा फाहामगिरि। An estimated 150 people die annually from anaphylaxis due to food allergy. आदार मानलुनायनि जाहोनाव एनाफाइलेक्सिस निफ्राय बोसोराव हिसाबखालामजानाय 150 सुबुङा थैयो। An experimental treatment, enzyme potentiated desensitization (EPD), has been tried for decades but is not generally accepted as effective. मोनस फोरमानलाग्रा फाहामथाय, एनजाएम पतेनसिएतेत दिसेनसिथाइजेसन (इ.पि.दि)खौ जिथाइ नाजाबोनाय जादोंमोन नाथाय सरासनस्रायै बेखौ बिहोमा गोनां महरै आजावनाय जायाखै। Anaphylaxis At least 40 deaths per year due to insect venom. एमफौनि बिजनि एनाफाइलेक्सिस बेसोराव फ्राय 40 थैनाङो। Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra (especially Mumbai), Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tamil Nadu, with 45 districts have a particularly high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. अल्ध्र प्रदेस, कर्नातक, महारास्त्र (गुबैयै मुम्बाई), मनिपुर, मिजराम, नागालेन्द, आरो तामिल नादुनि 45 जिल्लाफोराव एद्स.आइ.बि/एद्सफोरनि गुबैयै गोबारै गोसारथि दं। Asthma 10 million suffers from allergic asthma (about 3% of the population). एस्थ्मानि 10 मिलियन सुबुङा एलार्जिक एस्थ्माजों गाग्लोब जानाय (गासै सुबुंनि फ्राय 3%) Asthma prevalence is 39% higher in African Americans than in whites. 5.7 million (about 9.4%). गुफुरफोरनिख्रुई, 5.7 मिलियन (फ्राय 9.4%) निख्रुई आफ्रिकान आमेरिकान फोरनिआव एस्थ्मा गोसारथिआ 39% बांद्राय। Becoming an allergist-immunologist requires completion of at least nine years of training. सासे एलार्जिस्ट-इमुनलजिस्टआ जानो थाखाय खमैब्लाबो गु बोसोरनि सोलोंथाय फोजोबनो नांगौ। Between 1960 and 1990 prevalence has increased from 3% to 10% in children. उन्दै गथफोरनियाव 1960 आरो 1990 नि गेजेराव गोसारथिआ 3% निफ्राय 10% बांलांबाय। Between 1999 and 2006, 48 deaths occurred in people ranging from five months to 85 years old. 1999 आरो 2006 नि गेजेराव, बा मांखोनिफ्राय 85 बोसोर बैसोर गेजेरनि 48 सुबुंफोरा थैदोंमोन। Changes in rates and types of infection alone however, have been unable to explain the observed increase in allergic disease, and recent evidence has focused attention on the importance of the gastrointestinal microbial environment. अदेबानि बेराम गोग्लोबनायनि गोख्रैथि आरो थाखोफारनि सोलायनायाल हारसिङै एलार्जि बेरामनि नुनो हाथाव बांलांनायखौ फोरमायनो हाबोनाय जायाखै, आरो बावैसो मोन्नाय फोरमानफोरा बिबुसिंनि फिसा बिजानुफोरनि बारहावानि गोनांथिनि सायाव नोजोर होदों। Common areas for testing include the inside forearm and the back. आनजाद खालामनायनि सरासनस्रा जायगाफोरा जादोंमोन आखान्थिनि सिंफार्से आरो बिखुंङाव। Desensitization or hyposensitization is a treatment in which the patient is gradually vaccinated with progressively larger doses of the allergen in question. दिसेन्जिटाइजेसन आरो हाइपसेन्जिटाइजेसनआ मोनसे फाहामथाय जेराव एलार्जि जाहोग्रानि नांगौथिनि सोमोन्दै बेरामिखौ इसेयै बारायलांनाय मुलैनि लासै लासै बिजि होनाय जायो। Drug allergies Anaphylactic reactions to penicillin cause 400 deaths. मुलैनि एलार्जिआ पेनिसिलिनखौ एनाफाइलेक्टिक फिनजाथाय जाहोयो जाय 400 फुथारो। Drugs help to alleviate the symptoms of allergy, and are imperative in the recovery of acute anaphylaxis, but play little role in chronic treatment of allergic disorders. मुलैफोरा एलार्जिनि लैखोनफोरखौ सोखानायाव हेफाजाब होयो, आरो बेफोरो एकुउट एनाफाइलेक्सिसनि मोनफिननायाव मावथारनो गोनां, नाथाय मानलुनाय बेरामफोरनि गोब्राब सिकितसायाव फिसा बिफाव गेलेयो। EPD has also been tried for the treatment of autoimmune diseases but again is not FDA approved or of proven effectiveness. गाव होबथा गोहो बेरामफोरखौ फाहामनो थाखाय इ.पि.दि खौबो नाजानाय जादोंमोन, नाथाय बेयो आरोबाव एफ.दि.ए गनायजानाय एबा मोजांथिखौ फोरमान होजानाय। EPD uses dilutions of allergen and an enzyme, beta-glucuronidase, to which T-regulatory lymphocytes are supposed to respond by favouring desensitization, or down-regulation, rather than sensitization. इ.पि.दिआ एलार्जि जाहोग्रानि आरो मोनसे एनजाइमनि लावलाव, बिटा-ग्लुकरुनिदेसखौ बाहायो, जायजों टि-रिगुलेतरि लिम्फचाइटसफोरा मोनदांथिनिख्रुइ मोनदांथिगैयै एबा गाहाय-दबथायग्रा जानानै फिन्नाय होनांगौ। Food allergies 2-4% of children and 1-2% of adults. गथ’फोरनि 2-4% आरो बैसोगोनांफोरनि 1-2% खौ आदारा मानलुनाय जाहयो। For assessing the presence of allergen-specific IgE antibodies, allergy skin testing is preferred over blood allergy tests because it is more sensitive and specific, simpler to use, and less expensive. एलार्जि जाहोग्रानि-सोमोन्दो आइ.जि.इ एन्टिब’डिफोरनि थानायखौ आनजाद खालामनो थाखाय थै एलार्जि आनजादनिख्रुइ बिगुरनि एलार्जि आनजादखौ गनायसिन्नाय जायो मानोना बेयो बांद्राय गोख्रों आरो गोथोंसिन, बाहायनो मोजांसिन, आरो खम बेसेननि। For instance, people with cat allergies were encouraged to avoid them. बिदिन्थि महरै, मावजिनिफ्राय एलार्जि जाग्रा सुबुंफोरखौ बेफोरखौ नेउसिनो थुलुंगा होनाय जायो। HIV has spread to each and every Indian State and territory. भारतबर्षनि मोनफ्रोमबो राज्यो आरो ओनसोलफोराव एद्स.आइ.बि आ गोसारबाय। However, of the 40 percent HIV infections among women, only 0.5% sex workers. अदेबानि, एद्स.आइ.बिजों गाग्लोब जानाय 40 जौखोन्दो हिनजावफोरनि गेजेराव 0.5% आल’ देहा फालांगिआरि। If a serious life threatening anaphylactic reaction has brought a patient in for evaluation, some allergists will prefer an initial blood test prior to performing the skin prick test. जुदि मोनसे गोब्राब जिउ समखिखांहोग्रा नाफाइलेक्टिक फिनजाथाया सासे बेरामिखौ आनजादखालामनो थाखाय लाबोयो, खायसे एलार्जि-फाहामगिरिआ मोनसे गिबि थै आनजादनि सिगां बिगुर गावफ्रु आनजादखौ मावनो सायखगोन। If the patient is allergic to the substance, then a visible inflammatory reaction will usually occur within 30 minutes. जुदि बेरामिआ बेसादफोरनि एलार्जि दं, अब्ला मोनसे नुथावथाव खामलाबनाय फिनजाथाया सरासनसरायै 30 मिनिटनि गेजेराव जाखाङो। Important elements of newer hygiene hypotheses also include exposure to endotoxins, exposure to pets and growing up on a farm. गोदान साफा हायफथेसेसफोरनि गोनां हांखोफोराबो एनदटचिनफोर, जुनारफोरनो नुजाहोनाय आरो मोनसे फामुयाव देरबोनायनि देनथिनाय सरजाबो। In a sense, the person builds up immunity to increasing amounts of the allergen in question. मोनसे मोनदांथिआव, बांलांनाय थार एलार्जि जाहोग्रानि बागै सुबुंआ बेराम होबथा गोहो बांहोगोन। In alternative medicine, a number of allergy treatments are described by its practitioners, particularly naturopathic, herbal medicine, homeopathy, traditional Chinese medicine and kinesiology. गुबुन मोनसे मुलैयाव, गोबां मानलुनाय सिकितसाफोरा बेनि बेराम नायसंग्राफोरजों बेखेवजायो, जुनियायै नेसारपेथिक, लाइफाङारि मुलै, हमिवपेथि, दोरोङारि चाइनिस मुलै आरो किनेसिवलजि। In other states such as Goa and Gujarat the epidemic is concentrated in a few districts. गुबुन राज्योफोर, जेरै- ग’वा आरो गुजुरातआव महामारिआ खायसे जिल्लाफोराव रोजोबसिन। In six and seven year olds asthma increased from 18.4% to 20.9% over five years, during the same time the rate decreased from 31% to 24.7% in 13 to 14 year olds. बा बोसोर बैसोनिख्रुइ, द’ आरो स्नि बोसोर बैसोआव एस्थ्माया 18.4% निफ्राय 20.9% बांलाङो, एखे समावनो 13 निफ्राय 14 बोसोर बैसोआव बेनि हारा 31% निफ्राय 24.7% सिम ख’माय लाङो। In the United States physicians who hold certification by the American Board of Allergy and Immunology (ABAI) have successfully completed an accredited educational program. आमेरिकायाव एलारजि आरो इमिउनलजिनि (ए.बि.ए.आ) आमेरिकान बर्दजों गनायथि बिलाइ होजानाय देहाफाहामगिरिफोरा जाफुंसारनायजों मोनसे मानहोजानाय सोलोंथायारि हाबाफारिखौ फोजोबबाय। In the United States, sublingual immunotherapy is gaining support among traditional allergists and is endorsed by doctors who treat allergy. जथाय हादरफोराव, साबलेंगुवेल इमुनथेरापिआ दोरों एलार्जि फाहामगिरिफोरनि गेजेराव हेफाजाब मोनदों आरो देहा फाहामगिरिफोरजों बिबुंथि होजानाय जाय एलार्जि फाहामो। Increasingly, allergists are measuring and recording the diameter of the wheal and flare reaction. मानलुनाय देहाफाहामगिरिफोरा हुइल आरो फ्लेयार फिनजाथायनि गुवारथिखौ गोबारै सुगासिनो आरो फोमानलाखिगासिनो। Initially the focus was on screening foreigners, especially foreign students. Gradually, the focus moved on to screening blood banks. By early 1987, efforts were made up to set up a national network of HIV screening centers in major urban areas. गिबिआव नोजोरा गुबुन हादोरारिफोरखौ आनजाद खालामनायमोन, गुबैयै गुबुन हादोरारि फरायसाफोरखौ। लासैहै, बेनि नोजोरा थै बुथुमग्राफोरखौ आनजाद खालामनायाव बारलांङो। 1987 लागै, गुबै सोहोरारि ओनसोलफोराव एद्स.आइ.बि आनजाद खालामग्रा मिरुफोरनि हादारारि नेटवार्क गायस’न्नो मोनसे थांखि लादोंमोन। Insect venom Around 15% of adults have mild, localized allergic reactions. बैसोगोनां सुबुंफोरनि फ्राय 15% एमफौएनलानि भेनामफोरहा गुरै, जायगायारि मानलुनाय फिनजाथाय जायो। Internists or pediatricians who wish to focus on the sub-specialty of allergy-immunology then complete at least an additional two years of study, called a fellowship, in an allergy-immunology training program. इन्टरनिस्ट एबा पेदिआस्ट्रिकफोर जाय एलार्जि-इमुन’ल’जिनि दालाय-जरखायाव नोजोर होनो गोसो अब्ला फेल’सिप बुंनाय मोनसे एलार्जि-इमुनलजिनि सोलोंथाय हाबाफारिनि फ्राय दाजाबथायारि नै बोसोर फोजोबो। Interpretation by well-trained allergists is often guided by relevant literature. मोजां रोंगौथिगोना एलार्जि देहाफाहामगिरिनि सावरायनाआ एखनबाला गनायथाव थुनलाइ जों दैदेन जानाय। Interpretation of the results of the skin prick test is normally done by allergists on a scale of severity, with +/- meaning borderline reactivity, and 4+ being a large reaction. गाज्रिथि ज’खानि सायाव, +/- जों जोबथिसिमा फिनजाथाय ओंथियै, आरो 4+ खौ गेदेर फिनजाथाय महरै लानालै बिगुर गावफ्रु आनजादनि फिथायफोरखौ सावरायनाया सरासनस्रायै एलार्जि फाहामगिरिजों मावजायो। It concluded likewise that allergy services were insufficient to deal with what the Lords referred to as an "allergy epidemic" and its social cost; it made several other recommendations. बेयो बेबायदियै फोजोबदोंमोन दि एलार्जि सिबिथायफोरा लर्डफोरा बुंनाय “लार्जि महामारि” आरो बेनि समाजारि बेसेनखौ सामलायनो थाखाय थोजासे नङामोन; बेयो गुबुन गोबां गनायथिफोर होदोंमोन। It is speculated that these infections exert their effect by critically altering TH1/TH2 regulation. बेखौ फोथायनाय जायोदि बेफोर गाग्लोबनायफोरा गावसोरनि बिहोमखौ मैखोमै टि.एद्स1/टि.एद्स2 मावखान्थि सोलायनायजों मावो। It is thought that reduced bacterial and viral infections early in life direct the maturing immune system away from TH1 type responses, leading to unrestrained TH2 responses that allow for an increase in allergy. बेखौ सान्नाय जायोदि जिउनि गिबि समफोराव बेक्टेरिआ आरो भाइराजफोरनि खम गाग्लोबनायफोरा देरफुनाय बेरामहोबथा बिखान्थिखौ टि.एद्स1 थाखो मोनदांथिफोरनिफ्राय गुबुनजों दैदेनो, बेबायदिनो टि.एद्स2 नि जोबनायगैयै मोनदांथिनि फास्रे लाङो जाय मानलुनायखौ बांलां होयो। It relies on the progressive skewing of IgG antibody production, to block excessive IgE production seen in atopys. एटपिफोराव नुनाय बायदि आइ.जि.इ नि बांद्रायै सोमजिनायखौ होबथानो बेयो आइ.जि.इ एन्टिबडि दिहुन्नायनि खेंख्रा जौगानायनि सायाव सोनारो। Many diseases related to inflammation such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and allergic diseases—hay fever and asthma—have increased in the Western world over the past 2-3 decades. खामलाबनायजों सेमोन्दो गोनां गोबां बेराफोर जेरै थाखो 1 डायाबेटिस, रिउमात’इड आरथ्राइटिस आरो एलारजि बायदि बेरामफोर-हे बेराम आरो एस्थ्माफोरा बारलांनाय 2-3 जिथाइ आव सोनाबारि हादोरफोराव बांलांबाय। Meta-analyses have also confirmed efficacy of the treatment in allergic rhinitis in children and in asthma. गथफोर आरो एस्थ्मायाव एसार्जिक रिनिटिसखौ फाहामनायाव मेटा एनालाइसिस फोरखौबो गोहोम गोनां महरै फोरमान जाबाय। In the United Kingdom, allergy is a subspecialty of general medicine or pediatrics. इउनायटेद किंदमाव एलार्जिआ सरासन्स्रा देहा जोथोन एबा खुदिआ जोथोन्नि मोनसे खमगोनांथि। Once physicians have finished training in one of these specialties, they must pass the exam of either the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) or the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM). बेफोर गोनांहाबाफारिफोरनि मोनसेआव जुदि खनसे देहा फाहामगिरिआ फोरोंथायखौ फोजोबो, बिसोरो आमेरिकान बर्ड अफ पेदिआट्रिक्स (ए.बि.एम) एबा डा आमेरिकान बर्ड अफ इन्टार्नेल मेदिचिन (ए.बि.आइ.एम) नि आनजादखौ उथ्रिनांगोन। One such method has a sensitivity of about 70.8% and a positive predictive value of 72.6% according to a large study. मोनसे गेदेर बिजिरथिनि बायदिब्ला बेबायदिनो मोनसे खान्थिआ फ्राय 70.8% नि गोख्रोंथि आरो मोनसे 72.6% नि दाजावथाय इयुन बुंथिनाय दं। Other newer methods use colorimetric or fluorometric technology in the place of radioactive isotopes. गुबुन गोदान मावखान्थिफोरा रेडिअएक्टिभ आइसटपफोरनि जायगायाव कलरिमेट्रिक एबा फ्लुरमेट्रिक बाहायबिगियानखौ बाहायो। Peanut and/or tree nut (e.g. walnut, almond and cashew) allergy affects about three million Americans, or 1.1% of the population. बादाम आरो/एबा गय बिफां (जेरै- वालनाट, बादाम आरो खाजु) निफ्राय जानाय एलार्जिआ फ्राय थाम मिलियन आमेरिबायारि, एबा गासै सुबुं अन्जिमानि 1.1% खौ गाग्लोबो। Radiometric assays include the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) test method, which uses IgE-binding (anti-IgE) antibodies labeled with radioactive isotopes for quantifying the levels of IgE antibody in the blood. रेडिअ’मेट्रिक आनजादाव दङ रेडिअ’एलार्ग’सर्बेन्ट आनजाद (आर.ए.एस.टि) खान्थि, जाय थैआव थानाय आइ.जि.इ एन्टिब’डिनि बिबांखौ सुनो थाखाय रेडिअ’एक्टिभ आइस’ट’प थादेरनाय आइ.जि.इ-खाग्रा (एनति-आइ.जि,इ) एन्टिब’डिफोर बाहायो। Several antagonistic drugs are used to block the action of allergic mediators, or to prevent activation of cells and degranulation processes. गोबां हेंथा होग्रा मुलैफोरखौ एलार्जि दैथिंग्रानि खामानिखौ हेंथाहोनो, एबा जिबख्रिफोरनि सांग्रांथि जाखांनाय आरो फिथरजाखाङै हाबाखौ हेंथा होनो बाहायो। Skin testing is also known as "puncture testing" and "prick testing" due to the series of tiny puncture or pricks made into the patient's skin. बेरामिनि बिगुराव माखासे फिसा गावफ्रुनाय एबा खेबफ्रुनायनि थाखाय बिगुरनि आनजादखौ “गावफ्रुनाय आनजाद” एबा “खेबफ्रुनाय आनजाद” महरैबो मिथिनाय जायो। Skin tests may not be an option if the patient has widespread skin disease or has not avoided antihistamines for several days. बिगुरनि आनजादा मोनसे सोलायथि नङाबो जानो हागौ जुदि बेरामिआ गोब्राब बिगुरनि बेराम दं एबा गोबां सान्नि थाखाय एन्टिहिस्टामाइनफोरखौ नेउसिनाय जायाखै। Small amounts of suspected allergens and/or their extracts (pollen, grass, mite proteins, peanut extract, etc.) are introduced to sites on the skin marked with pen or dye (the ink/dye should be carefully selected, lest it cause an allergic response itself). खम बिबांनि सन्देह खालामनिय एलार्जेन आरो/एबा पागसोरनि ओंखारनाय बेसादफोरखौ (दंफां लाइफांनि बेगरफोर, हाग्रा, गान्थिगोनां एनफौनि प्रटिनफोर, बादामनिफ्राय दिहुन्नाय, बायदि बायदि) खोलोम एबा गाबजों सिन होनानै बिगुरनि खाथिआव नुजाथिहोनाय जायो। Some "screening" test methods are intended to provide qualitative test results, giving a "yes" or "no" answer in patients with suspected allergic sensitization. सन्देह खालामनिय एलार्जि सांग्रांथि जाहोग्रा थानाय बेरामिनिनो “नंगौ” एबा “नङै” फिन्नाय होनानै, खायसे “सायख’आरि” आनजाद हाबाफोरा गुनगोनां आनजादनि फिथायफोर होनो गोसो जायो। Some patients may believe they have determined their own allergic sensitivity from observation, but a skin test has been shown to be much better than patient observation to detect allergy. खायसे बेरामिआ फोथायनो हागौ दि बिसोरो गावसोरनो नायबिजिरथिनिफ्राय गावसोरनि एलार्जिनि मोन्दांथिखौ दिहुनबाय, नाथाय एलार्जिखौ नागिरनो थाखाय बेरामिनि नायबिजिरथिनिख्रुइ बिगुरनि आनजादखौनो साबसिन नुनाय जादों। Sometimes, the allergens are injected "intradermally" into the patient's skin, with a needle and syringe. एखनब्ला एलार्जेनफोरखौ “बिगुरसिंमहरै” बेरामिनि बिगुराव गंसे सु आरो बिजिजों सोहरनाय जायो। Statistical methods, such as ROC curves, predictive value calculations, and likelihood ratios have been used to examine the relationship of various testing methods to each other. स्तेतिसतिकेल आदब, जेरै आर.अ.सि दबनाय, जाथावना बिबां साननाय, आरो जानो हाथाव रुजु जखाफोरखौ माखासे आदबफोरा गावजों गाव सोमोन्दो थानायखौ आनजाद नायनो बाहायनाय जादों। Strict avoidance still has a role in management though, and is often used in managing food allergies. जुदिबो एखनब्ला बेखौ आदारनि एलार्जि होबथानायाव बाहायो, अब्लाबो थारला नेवसिनाया सामलायनायाव मोनसे हाबाफारि दं। Studies have demonstrated the long-term efficacy and the preventive effect of immunotherapy in reducing the development of new allergy. गोदान एलार्जिनि जौगाखांनायखौ खमाय होनायाव एमुनथेरापिनि गोलाव-सम खामानिगोनां आरो सोखाथायारि फिथाइखौ बिजिरसंनाया दिन्थिदों। Systematic literature searches conducted by the Mayo Clinic through 2006, involving hundreds of articles studying multiple conditions, including asthma and upper respiratory tract infection showed no effectiveness of any alternative treatments, and no difference compared with placebo. 2006नि गेजेरजों माय’ क्लिनिकजों मावजानाय सिरिबांगोनां थनलाइ नागिरनाया, लोगोसेयै गोबां थासारिनि बिजिरनाय जौसेसो लिरबिदांफोर, एस्थ्मा आरो गोजौ हांलाग्रा तन्ट्र गाग्लोबनाया जायखि जाया गुबुन फाहामथायनि जेबो मोजांखौ दिन्थिबायाखौ, आरो प्लाचिबनि रुजुनायाव जेबो गोरोबै गैया। Systemic reactions occur in 3% of adults and less than 1% of children. 3% बैसोगोरा आरो 1% निख्रुइ खमसिन उन्दैफोरनिआव बेरामनि बारस्लायनाया जायो। The authors concluded that, based on rigorous clinical trials of all types of homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments, there is no convincing evidence that supports the use of alternative treatments. लिरगिरिफोरा फोजोबदोंदि, खुदिआ आरो जौमोननि बेरामफोरनि गासै हमिअपेथिनि गोब्राब देहाफाहामसालिनि आनजादफोरनि सायाव सोनारनानै, बैहाय गुबुन फाहामथायारि हाबाफोरनि जेबो फोथायजाथाव फोरमान गैया। The first agent of this class is Omalizumab. अमालिजुमाबआनो बे बायदि थाखोनि गिबि जिउसा। The first case of HIV was diagnosed in Chennai, Tamil Nadu in 1986 among sex workers. Soon after, a number of screening centers were established throughout the country. एद्स.आइ.बिनि गिबि जाथायखौ 1986 माइथायाव चेन्नाई, तामिल नादुआव देहा फालांगिफोरनि गेजेराव सिनायो, बेनि उनाव, माखासे नायबिजिर मिरुफोरखौ दुलाराय हदरावनो गायसन्नाय जादोंमोन। The hygiene hypothesis maintains that high living standards and hygienic conditions exposes children to fewer infections. साखोन सिखोननि बुंफर्लुआ बुंदोंदि जिउखुंनायनि गोजौ थाखो आरो साखोन सिखोन थासारिआ खुदियफोरनो खमसिन बेराम गाग्लोबहोयो। The incidence of atopy in developing countries has generally remained much lower. जौगाफुनाय हादोरफोराव एटपिनि जाखांथिआ सरासनस्रायै जोबोद खमहैनो थाबाय। The prevalence of asthma increased 75% from 1980-1994. 1980 निफ्रय 1994 गेजेराव अस्थ्मानि गोसारथिआ 75% बांलांदोंमोन। There have been enormous improvements in the medical treatments used to treat allergic conditions. एलार्जि थासारिखौ सोखानो बाहायनाय देहाफाहामसालिनि फाहामथायफोरा गोबाङै साबसिनबोदों These bind to free and B-cell associated IgE; signalling their destruction. बिसोरनि फोजोबस्रांनायनि इंगित होनानै बेफोरो उदां आरो बि-जिबख्रि लोगोनांनाय IgE जों अरजाबो। These include antihistamines, cortisone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, epinephrine (adrenaline), theophylline and cromolyn sodium. बेफोराव दं एन्टिपिस्टामाइन, कर्टिसन, देक्सामिथासन, हाइद्रकर्टिसन, ईपिनेफ्रिन (एद्रिनालिन), थिअफाइलिन आरो क्रमलिन सदियाम। These methods have shown that patients with a high total IgE have a high probability of allergic sensitization, but further investigation with specific allergy tests for a carefully chosen allergens is often warranted. बेफोर आदबफोरा दिन्थिदोंदि बुर्जा जथाय आइ.जि.इ गोनां बेरामिफोरा बांद्राय एलार्जिनि दुंखांथि जानोहाथावना थायो, नाथाय मोनसे सामोलहै सायखनाय एलार्जि जाहोग्रानि थि एलार्जि आनजादफोरजों आरोबाव बिजिरसंनाया एखनब्ला दाथिनानै बुंजायो। They do not bind to IgE already bound to the Fc receptor on basophils and mast cells, as this would stimulate the allergic inflammatory response. बेसफिल आरो मास्ट जिबख्रिआव थानाय एफ.सि-आजावग्रायाव सिगांनिफ्रायनो अरजावनाय आइ.जि.इ आव बिसोरो अरजाबा, मानोना बेयो एलार्जिनि थिफुखानाय मोल्दांथिखौ जाखां होयो। This article or section deals primarily with the United States and does not represent a worldwide view of the subject. बे लिरबिदां एबा आयदाया गुबैयै आमेरिका जथाय हादरजों सोमोन्दो गोनां आरो आयदानि सायाव दुलाराय बुहुमखौ फोरमाया। This can be determined through the use of radiometric and colormetric immunoassays. बेखौ रेदिअमेट्रिक आरो कलरिमेट्रिक ईमुनएसेफोर बाहायनि गेजेरजों दिहुन्नो हायो। This can either reduce the severity or eliminate hypersensitivity altogether. बेयो जहै बेरामनि गोबारथिखौ खमायहोनो हायो एबा हाइपारसेन्जिटिभिटिखौ गैया खालामो। This kind of testing measures a "total IgE level" - an estimate of IgE contained within the patient's serum. बे रोखोमनि आनजादफोरा “जथाय आइ.जि.इ बिबां”- बेरामिनि सेरामआव थानाय आइ.जि.इ नि सानखान्थिखौ सुयो। This response will range from slight reddening of the skin to a full-blown hive (called "wheal and flare") in more sensitive patients. बे मोन्दांथिआ बिगुराव इसे गोजा जानायनिफ्राय जागायनानै बांद्रायै दुंखानाय बेरामिफोरनिआव फुरायै बेरफ्रुनाय गाराय (“हुइल आरो फ्लेर” बुंनाय जायो) जायो This therapy currently accounts for 40 percent of allergy treatment in Europe. बे देहा फाहामथाया दासान्दै ईउरपनि गासै लार्जि फाहामथायनि 40 जौखोन्दोखौ लायो। Traditionally treatment and management of allergies involved simply avoiding the allergen in question or otherwise reducing exposure. दोरोङारियै एलार्जिखौ सोखानाय आरो सामलायनाया एलार्जि जाहोग्रा बेरादफोरखौ नेउसिनाय एबा गुबुनफार्से बेआव नुजानायखौ खमायनायजोंलमोन। Various blood allergy testing methods are also available for detecting allergy to specific substances. खायसे थि बेरादफोरनि एलार्जिखौ सिनायनो गुबुन गुबुन थै एलार्जि आनजादनि आदब खायदाफोरा बो दंसोगारो। While avoidance may help to reduce symptoms and avoid life-threatening anaphylaxis, it is difficult to achieve for those with pollen or similar air-borne allergies. जेराव नेउसिनाया बेरखांथिफोरखौ खमायनाय आरो जिउ-समखिखां होग्रा एनाफाइलेक्सिसखौ हेफाजाब हानोबो हागौ, बेखौ दंफां लायफांनि बेगरजों एबा एखेरोखोमनि बाराव जोनोम जानाय एलार्जि गोनांफोरनि थाखाय मोनफुंनो थाखाय गोब्राब। While this form of immunotherapy is very effective in treating several types of atopy, it should not be used in treating the majority of people with food allergies. बे रोखोमनि ईमुनथेरापिआ गोबां रोखोमनि एटपिखौ सोखानायाव मोजां, अब्लाबो फ्राय गोबां आदारनि एलार्जि गोनां सुबुंफोरखौ सोखानो बेखौ बाहाय नाङा। A network of domiciliary services system backs these institutions. नखरारि हाबाफारि बिखान्थिनि मोनसे फोनांजाब राहाया बे फसंथानफोरखौ हेफाजाब खालामो। A pandemic (or global epidemic) is a disease that affects people over an extensive geographical area. सनदेरग्राया ( बुहुमनाङै गोसारग्रा) मोनसे बेराम जाय जोबोर गुवार बुहुमथायारि ओनसोलनि सुबुंफोरखौ गोहोम खोख्लैयो। A young Bangladeshi girl infected with smallpox (1973). सासे उनदै बांलादेसि हिनजावसाया बसन्त बेरामाजों सनदेरजादोंमोन (1973)। According to the Supreme Court verdict professional donors are prohibited w.e.f. 1.1.98 because the blood collected from professional donors is hazardous and full of risks. जौसिन बिजिरसालिनि थिरांथा बादिब्ला 1.1.98 निफ्राय फालांगियारि थै दानगिरिफोरखौ हेंथा होनाय जादों मानोना फालांगियारि थै दानगिरिफोरनिफ्राय बुथुमनाय थैआ गिथाव आरो जोबोद खैफोद गोनां। Again during the Indo-Pakistani conflicts of 1965 and 1971, gifts parcels were given to both Indian and Pakistani prisoners of war. आरोबाव, 1965 आरो 1971 माइथायनि भारत-पाकिसतानि बेरेखाफोरनि समाव अनथोब थफ्लाफोरखौ दावहायाव मोननैबो भारतारि आरो पाकिसतानि जोबोथेजाग्राफोरनो होनाय जादोंमोन। All equipments used are sterile and disposable so there is no danger of contracting any disease, including AIDS. गासैबो बाहायजानाय आयजेंफोरा जिउसागैयै आरो खेबसेलबाहायजाग्रा, बेखायनो बेवहाय जेबो बेराम गोसारनायनि खैफोद थाया, एद्सखौ सरजाबफानानै। All Red Cross MCW hospitals and centres carry out family welfare planning work. गासै रेद क्रस एम.सि.दाब्लिउ देहाफाहामसालि आरो मिरुफोरा नखरारि अनसाय बिथांखि हाबाफारि दैदेनो। As part of its continuing effort to know its epidemic better, the Indian Government, in 2006, included a segment on HIV/AIDS in the National Family Health Survey-3, a random survey based on the general population. सनदेरग्रा बेरामनि सोमोन्दै साबसिनै मिथिनो नाजाबाय थानाय हिसाबै भारत सरकारा 2006 मायथायाव सरासनस्रा सुबुंनि गेजेराव मोनसे रेनदम नायबिजिरनाय लानानै हादोरनि नखरारि देहा नायबिजिरनाय-3 आव इद्स.आइ.भि/एद्स नि मोनसे बाहागो सोफायो। Because the microbes and their hosts have co-evolved, the hosts gradually become resistant to the microorganisms. जिवसाफोर आरो बिसोरनि फिसिग्राफोरा जयै फारिजौगानायनि थाखाय फिसिग्राफोरा लासैयै जिवसाफोरनि थाखाय होबथाग्रा जाबोयो। Being aware of this, the IRCS endeavours to give the best possible care to both mother and child. बेनि फारसे सांग्रां जानानै, आइ.आर.सि.एसआ बिमा आरो फिसा सानैखौबो साबसिन जाथावना जोथोन होनो नाजायो। Besides, the medical care it provides all homely comforts to the inmates under the supervision and guidance of a Superintendent and paramedical staff. मेदिकेल जोथोननि अनगायैबो, बेयो सासे नोजोरगिरि आरो देहा जोथोन लाग्रा हानजानि नोजोर आरो दैदेननायनि सिङाव नखर सोद्रोमाफोरनो गासै नखरारि गोजोननायफोरखौ जगायो। Between 1518 and 1568 disease pandemics are said to have caused the population of Mexico to fall from 20 million to 3 million. 1518 आरो 1568नि गेजेराव बेराम गोसारलानायफोरा मेकसिक’नि सुबुं अनजिमाखौ 20 मिलियननिफ्राय 3 मिलियनसिम खमायहोदों होननानै बुंनाय जादों। Between 1992 and 1998, relief goods worth more than Rs. 32,53,66,460.00 was provided to the victims of flood in many parts of India. 1992 आरो 1998नि गेजेराव, 32,53,66,460,00 रांनिख्रुइ बांसिन बेसेननि रैखाथियारि मुवा-बेसादफोरखौ भारतानि गोबां जायगायाव दै बानायाव भुगिनांनाय सुबुंफोरनो जगायनायजादोंमोन। Between 1993 and 1999, the society spent more than Rs. 13,53,00,000.00 on the relief and rehabilitation projects in the aftermath of three major earthquakes in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Utter Pradesh. 1993 आरो 1999 माइथायनि गेजेराव समाजा 13,53,00,000,00 निबो बांसिन रांखौ महाराष्ट्र, मध्यप्रदेश, आरो उत्तरप्रदेश नि मोनथाम गोब्राब बांग्रिनि उनाव रैखाथि आरो राहा होनायनि हाबाफारियाव बाहायदोंमोन। Between these periods it has rendered yeomen service to crores of disaster victims. बैफोर समनि गेजेराव बेयो खैफोदआव गोग्लैनाय कौटिसो सुबुंफोरनि रैखानि खामानियाव मावथियै बाहागो लादोंमोन। Blood Bank of IRCS started functioning in 1962 when the collection was barely 212 blood units annually whereas it peaked to over 40,000 units in 1990's. आइ.आर.सि.एस थै बाख्रिया 1962 निफ्राय खामानि मावजेनदोंमोन अब्ला बोसोरारि थै बुथुमनायनि खोन्दोया 212 बिबांनिलमोन, गुबुन फारसे 1990 माइथायाव बेनि बिबाङा 40,000 खोन्दोनिबो बांसिन जादोंमोन। Blood has always been looked upon as a substance of not only vitality but life itself. थैया जिव होग्रा बेसादल’ नङा बेखौ जिवबो सान्नाय जायो। Blood transfusion ranks as one of the foremost therapeutic advances for restoration of health. थै सोस्लायनाया देहा दाफिन्नायनि थाखाय साबसिन थेरापिउतिक जौगाआदबफोरनि मोनसे आदब महरै मानथाखो दिनथियो। Both UNAIDS and the World Health Organization support new HIV/AIDS estimates. मोननैबो आनएइद(UNAIDS) आरो मुलुग देहा आफादा (WHO) गोदान इद्स.आइ.भि/एद्स सानथायखौ मदद होयो। Considered more comprehensive, and validated by independent global organizations, India’s new epi-detection methodology shows lower numbers and many localized epidemics. गोबांयै गनायजानाय आरो उदां मुलुगआरि आफादफोरजों फोरमान खालामजानाय भारतनि गोदान बारदेरग्रा-संदान आदबा खम बिबां आरो गोबां जायगायारि बारदेरग्रा बेरामफोरखौ दिन्थियो। Data from this exercise and from surveillance centers led to the new and lower estimates. बे फराफारि आरो नायदिंनाय मिरुफोरनिफ्राय मोननाय तथ्यआ गोदान आरो खम सानथायफोरसिम दैदेनदोंमोनl During World War II some 500 trained lady welfare officers were on duty in hospitals where wounded combatants were being treated. नैथि मुलग दावहानि समाव 500 सो रोंगौथिगोनां आयजो अनसाय मावख’गिरिफोरा देहाफाहामसालिनि खामानियाव दंमोन जेराव गाराय जानाय दावहारुफोरखौ जोथोनलादोंमोन l Enabling mothers to spend more liberally on the welfare and upbringing of their children. बिमाफोरखौ गावसोरनि गथ’फोरखौ अनसायनाय आरो गोरोंखालामनायाव बांसिन उदाङै सम दैथायनो गोरों खालामनाय। Established in 1925 JRC activities are based on a three-fold programme: Promotion of Health, Service and friendship. 1925 माइथायाव गायसनजानाय जे.आर.सि हाबाफारिफोरा मोनसे थाम-खोनदो हाबाफारियाव वबिथाखालामो: देहा, आबार आरो आंगो-लोगो जौगाहोनाय। Experts have concluded that because government surveillance centers are mainly frequented by the poor and by high-risk groups it caused national estimates to be skewed upwards. रोंगौसाफोरा बेखौ बुंनानै फोजोबदोंदि मानोना सरकारि नायदिंनाय मिरुफोरा गुबैयै गोरिब आरो बां-खैफोद हानजाफोरजों दावबायजायोखायनो बेयो हादोरारि हिसाबफोरखौ बेले-बेजे जाहोयो। Floods, cyclones, droughts and epidemics are frequent while severe earthquakes and major accidents in the railways, mines and factories occur from time to time. दै बाना, बारहुंखा, रानखावनाय आरो बारदेरग्रा बेरामफोरा जाफ्लेबाय थायो जेब्ला गिदिर बांग्रि आरो रेल लामा, खनिस आरो कारखानाफोराव सम सम हरखाबझायफोरा जायो। Give economic independence and improve the status of women in the community. रांखान्थियारि उदांश्री हो आरो समाजाव हिनजावफोरनि मानथाखोखौ जौगाहो। HIV continues to emerge in new areas with selected pockets of high prevalence in the northern states. इद्स.आइ.भिआ साहा थानाय हादरसाफोरनि माखासे गोदान जायगाफ्राव गोबाङै गोसारगासिनो दङ। Improve the quality of life for the family and the communities in which people live. नखर आरो माहारिफोरनि थाखाय जिवनि गुनखौ जौगाहो जेराव सुबुंफोरा जिउखुङों। In 1992 relief worth Rs. 72,20,607,00 was provided to many countries of Africa, which were affected by drought and other calamities. 1992 माइथायाव 72,20,607,00 रांखौ आफ्रिकानि रानखावनाय आरो गुबुन मिथिंगायारि खैफोदफोरजों गोहोम खोखलैजानाय गोबां हादरफोरनो जगायनाय जादोंमोन। In addition to health education, nutrition and milk feeding programmes are conducted regularly. देहा सोलोंथाय होनायजों लोगोसे, पुस्तायु आरो गायखेर दौनाय हाबाफारिखौ जेब्लाबो मावफुंबाय थायो। In colleges JRC/YRC is termed as Youth Red Cross. फरायसालिमाफोराव जे.आर.सि/वाइ.आर.सि खौ लाइमोन रेड क्रस महरै मख’जायो। In fact Red Cross’s need is far greater than any other organization because of its voluntary and humanitarian nature of work. थारैनो रेड क्रसनि गोनांथिया गुबुन आफादफोरनिख्रुइ बेनि गोसो-गोथौ आरो सुबुंथियारि खामानि मावनायनि आखुनि थाखाय जोबोर देरसिन।। In most cases, microorganisms live in harmony with their hosts. गोबां बिथिंफोराव, जिवसाफोरा गावसोरनि फिसिग्राफोरजों मिलायनानै थायो। India is a major disaster prone country and is a victim of an average of 8 major natural calamities every year. भारतआ गंसे गाहाय खैफोद गोनां हादर आरो बोसोरफ्रोमबो गरै मोन 8 गाहाय मिथिंगायारि खैफोदफोरनि भुगिगिरि जाङो। India's National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) released new HIV/AIDS estimates for the country on July 6, 2007. 2007 माइथायानि 6 जुलाइआव भारत हादरारि एद्स होबथा आफादा (NACO ) हादरनि थाखाय गोदान HIV/AIDS नि हिसाबफोर दिहुनो। IRCS also reunites families who have been separated under similar circumstances. आइ.आर.सि.एसआबो एखे आबहावानि गेजेराव बोखावजानाय नखरफोरखौ ज’खालामफिनो। IRCS carries out its relief activities not only in India but also in other countries. आइ.आर.सि.एआ बेनि रैखाथि हाबाफारिफोरखौ भारतआवल’ नङा गुबुन हादरफोरावबो मावो। IRCS concerns itself with tracing of missing persons at the International level who have been separated from their loved ones through forced, unseen and inevitable circumstances and all other means of locating them has not yielded results. आइ.आर.सि.एआ मुलुगनाङै गोमानाय सुबुंफोरखौ नागिरो जायफोर गावसिनि अनजाग्राफ्रोरनिफ्राय ,बायदि बोलो, नुफेरै आरो नागारहायै आबहावाफोरनि थाखाय बोखावजादोंमोन। नाथाय बायदि राहाजों बिसोरखौ नागिरनो थांनाया जेबो फिथाय मोनाखै। IRCS in respect for gender equality and to augment the participation of women in economic development process started 2 vocational Training Centres, one each at Salt Lake, Calcutta (West Bengal) and at Arakkonam (Tamil Nadu) in the years 1989 and 1993. आइ.आर.सि.एआ आथोन समानथायारि आरो आयजोफोरखौ रांखानथियारि जौगाखां होनायाव बाहागो लाहोनाय हाबाया मोन 2 फालांगि फोरोंथाय मिरु फारियै 1989 आरो 1993 माइथायाव केलकाटानि सल्त लेकआव (सोनाब बंग) आरो आराकनामाव (तामिलनादु) जागायजेनदोंमोन। It also provides technical training and advice to branches and other organizations. बेयो दालाइसाफोर आरो गुबुन फसंथानफोरनो आरोंदायारि(technical) फोरोंथाय आरो बोसोनबो होयो। It has been a pioneer in welfare work in backward hilly regions of Tehri-Garhwal, Jaunsar-Bawar, Almorah, Pithoragarh, Udham Singh Nagar and Nainital districts in Uttar Pradesh. बेयो उत्तरप्रदेशनि टेह्रि-गारवाल, जोवानसार-बावार, अलमरा, पिटवरघर, उदामसिं नगर आरो नायनिटाल जिल्लाफोर बायदि माखासे गोग्लैसोनाय हाजो ओनसोलफोराव जौगाखांनायनि हाबा मावगासिनो दं। Keeping this sentiment in view it established the Maternity and Child Welfare Bureau in 1931 at the national headquarters. बे मोनदांथिखौ नोजोर लाखिनानै बेयो 1931 आव हादरारि गाहायमावखुलिफोराव बिमायारि आरो साइल्द वेलफार बिउर’ गायसनदोंमोन। Many of these centres are equipped to motivational, clinical and surgical requirements. बेफोरनि गोबां मिरुफोरा थुलुंगायारि, देहा फाहामथायारि आरो सारजिकेल(surgical) गोनांथिफोरखौ मावफुंनो राहाखालामजायो। Metro cities of Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai and Chandigarh and states such as Orissa, Punjab, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Kerala all show high prevalence among Injecting Drug Users. चेनाय, दिल्लि, मुमबाइ आरो सनदिगर बायदि गिदिर नोगोरफोराव आरो उरिसा, पानजाब, सोनाब बंग, उत्तर प्रदेश, केरेला बायदि हादरसाफोराव गोबां निसा बिजि बाहायग्राफोरखौनो नुनो मोनो। More than 3,00,000 units of blood are needed annually for the patients in Delhi and not even half of it comes from voluntary donors although donation of 300cc of blood is absolutely harmless from a medically fit person. 3,00,000 खोनदोनिख्रुइ बांसिन थैखौ बोसोरफ्रोमबो दिल्लिनि बेरामिफोरनो नांगौ जायो आरो बबेखानि बेनि खावसे बाहागोआबो गावनि गोसोमथै थै दान होग्राफोरनिफ्राय फैया, जुदिबो मेदिकेलयारियै सासे गुफुं सुबुंनिफ्राय मोननाय 300cc थै दाना गमामायैनो खहागोयै। Organized in educational institutions it tries to inculcate among the students the seven Principles of the Red Cross Movement by involving them in various humanitarian services at a relatively young age. सोलोंथायारि फसंथानफोराव फाथिनानै बेयो उन्दै बैसोनिफ्रायनो माखासे समाजारि हाबाफारियाव फरायसाफोरखौ लाफानानै बिसोरनि गेजेरराव रेदक्रस जांख्रिथायनि मोन 7 थांखिफोरखौ गले-गले फोरोंथाय होनो नाजानाय। Plague of Justinian, from 541 to 750, killed between 50 and 60 percent of Europe's population. 541 निफ्राय 750 सिम जानाय जाजटिनियारिनि प्लेग बेरामा इउरपनि सुबुं अनजिमाखौ 50 आरो 60 जौखोन्दोनि गेजेराव बुथारदोंमोन। Previously, UNAIDS arrived at the 5.7-million figure by testing pregnant women and high-risk groups such as drug users and prostitutes over four months each year, at surveillance centers all over the country. आगुयै, गासै हादरनाङै नायदिंग्रा मिरुफोराव गोरबोथानाय हिनजावफोर आरो बां-खैफोदगोनां हानजा, जेरै- निसा बाहायग्राफोर, बोसोरफ्रोमबो 4 दाननि बांसिन देहा फालांगि खालामग्राफोरखौ आनजाद नायनानै आएद्स (UNAIDS)आ 5.7 मिलियन बिसान मोनदोंमोन। Red Cross Blood Bank through its trained staff is on the job of augmenting the motivation programme in collaboration with different voluntary organisation, school and colleges etc. रेद क्रस थै बाख्रिया बेनि गोरों मावहानजानि गेजेरजों गुबुन गुबुन भलुनतारि आफाद, फरायसालि आरो फरायसालिमाफोरजों खौसेयै थुलुंगाहोनाय हाबाफारि बांहोनायनि खामानि मावगासिनो दं। Red Cross MCW units impart training to auxiliary nurse midwives, dais and housewives on home nursing. रेद क्रस एम.सि.दाब्लिउ खोन्दोफोरा बेसादारि जोथोन लाग्रा हिनजाव, फिसा जागिहोग्रा सायनासालि आरो नआव जोथोन लाग्रा आयजोफोरनो फोरोंथाय होयो। Since the inception of the Fund more than Rs. 60 lakhs have been disbursed to 28,635 ex- Servicemen till the end of 11. रांथुबिलखौ जागायजेन्नायनिफ्राय 11 जोबनायसिम 60 निबो बांसिन लाख रांखौ ख्रुइ 28,635 बारग-साख्रिआवलाफोरनो राननानै होदोंमोन। Since then this activity has grown and expanded in all directions. अब्लानिफ्रायनो बे हाबाफारिया बांबोदों आरो गासैबो दिगथिंनो गोसारलादों। Smallpox killed an estimated 60 million Europeans in the 18th century alone. 18 थि जौथायावनो बसन्थ बेरामा 60 मिलियन इउरपआरिफोरखौ बुथारदोंमोन। Spread all over the country JRC / YRC has more than a lakh members. हादरनि जेरावबो गोसारनाय जे.आर.सि/वाइ.आर.सिआ 1 लाखनिख्रुयबो बांसिन सोद्रोमाफोर दं। Such is the case for many tropical viruses and the insects, monkeys, or other animals in which they have lived and reproduced. बेबादि गोबां बिदुङारि जिउसाफोरा आरो एम्फौ-एनलाफोरा, मोख्राफोर एबा गुबुन जुनादफोरनाव थांना थायो आरो फिसा आजायफिनो। Thalassemia patients require Red Cell Concentrate every 2-4 weeks for their survival. थालासेमिया बेरामिफोरा गोजाथै जिबख्रि जमा गासै 2 निफ्राय 4 सफथासिम थांनानै थानो थाखाय नांगौ। Thanks to the development of the smallpox vaccine, the disease was officially eradicated in 1979. खुरिया बेरनाय बेरामनि बिजि दिहुन्नायनि थाखाय साबायखर थाबाय । बे बेरामखौ 1979 माइथायाव मावखुलिया फोजोबस्रांओ। The 2006 data shows an increase in HIV infection among several high risk groups such as people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men (MSM). 2006 माइथायनि फोरमाना माखासे गिख्रंथाव हानजाफोर जेरै जाय निसा बिजि थुयो आरो जाय हौवाजों हौवा देहायारि सोमोन्दो लाखियो बिसोरनि गेजेराव HIV बारदेरनाय बांनायखौ दिनथिदों। The Black Death of 1347 to 1352 killed 25 million in Europe over 5 years (estimated to be between 25 and 50% of the populations of Europe, Asia, and Africa - the world population at the time was 500 million). ब्लेक देथ बेरामा 1347 माइथायनिफ्राय 1352 माइथायसिमनि गेजेराव इउरपआव 5 बोसोरनि बारजासिमबो 25 मिलियन सुबुंफोरखौ बुथारदोंमोन( एसिया, इउरप आरो आप्रिकानि 25 आरो 50% सुबुं बिसान हिसाबै सानना लादों- बै समाव बुहुमनि सुबुं बिसाना 500 मिलियनमोन)। The Blood Bank of National Headquarters is fully equipped to separate the whole Blood into various components, which are given to the patients in and around Delhi. हादरारि गुदि मावखुलिफोरनि थै बाख्रियाव गासै थैखौ गोबां बाहागोआव आलादा खालामनो हानाय बेबस्था दं, जायखौ दिल्लि आरो बिनि सोरगिदिं थानाय बेमारिफोरनो होनाय जायो। The care of the sick and wounded men of the defense forces is one of the primary obligations of the IRCS. सान्त्री हानजानि लोमजानाय आरो गारायफोरखौ जोथोन लानायानो आइ.आर.सि.एस नि मोनसे गुदि बिबान। The construction of new villages and housing developments in rural areas brings people into contact with animals--and the microbes they harbor. गोदान गामि आरो जौगा न’ बानायनायफोरा गामि ओनसोलफोराव सुबुंखौ जुनादफोरजों आरो जाय जिवसाफोरखौ बिसोर फिसियो बिसोरजों खाथि सोमोन्दो लाबोयो। The first European influenza epidemic occurred between 1556 and 1560, with an estimated mortality rate of 20%. 1556 आरो 1560 माइथायनि गेजेराव सिगां इउरपआरि बारदेरग्रा इनफ्लुइनजा बेरामा जानायाव थैनाय हारा 20% जादों होन्नानै साननाय जादोंमोन। The good news is that in Tamil Nadu and other southern states with high HIV burden where effective interventions have been in place for several years, HIV prevalence has begun to decline or stabilize. मोजां खौराङा बेनोदि- टामिलनाडु आरो खोलायारि हादरसाफोराव गोबां बोसोरनिफ्रायनो गोख्रों बिबान लोनायनि जाहोनाव HIV नि जेंनाया गोबांमोनब्लाबो बिनि गोसारनाया खमायलांदों एबा दिदोमथि जानो हमदों। The health of any country is closely linked to the health of its children. जायखि जाया हादरनि देहाया बै हादरनि गथ’फोरनि देहाजों खाथि सोमोनदो दं। The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 (or the Spanish Flu) killed 25-50 million people (about 2% of world population of 1.7 billion). 1918 माइथायनि इनफ्लुइनजा बारदेरग्रा बेरामा (स्पेनिस प्लु) 25-50 मिलियन सुबुंफोरखौ बुथारदोंमोन ( बुहुमनि गासै 1.7 बिलियन सुबुंनि 2%)। The introduction of new crops attracts new crop pests and the microbes they carry to farming communities, exposing people to unfamiliar diseases. गोदान आबादफोरनि सिनायथिया गोदान एमफौफोरनि गोसो बोयो आरो जायफोर जिवसाफोरखौ बिसोरो आबादारिफोरनि गेजेराव लाबोफायो बिसोरनि जाहोनाव सुबुंफोरा सिनाय मोनै बेरामफोराव गोग्लैयो। The introduction of smallpox, measles and typhus to the areas of Central and South America by European explorers during the 15th and 16th centuries caused pandemics among the native inhabitants. 15 आरो 16 थि जौथायनि समाव इउरपआरि दावबायारिफोराबुंफोरा बसन्थ बेराम, खुरिया बेराम आरो सिथर बेरनाय लोमजानायखौ, मिरु आरो खोला आमेरिकानि माखासे ओन्सोलफोराव सिनायथि होदोंमोन जाउनाव बारदेरग्रा बेरामा बेनि थागिबिफोरनि गेजेरावनो गोसारदोंमोन। The IRCS has vided and varied experience in disaster relief work beginning with the 1934 Bihar earthquake to Gujarat earthquake in 2001. 1934 माइथायाव बिहारनि बांग्रि मावनायनिफ्राय जागायजेन्नानै 2001 माइथायनि गुजरादनि बांग्रि मावनायसिम आइ.आर.सि.इसआ नायबिजिरनाय आरो गोबां खैफोदनिफ्राय रैखा होनाय हाबाफारि मावबोदों। The IRCS provides opportunities to increase vocational skills and the earning opportunities of low-income groups and to raise the status of women socially and economically by making them available opportunities for learning and leadership. आइ.आर.सि.इसआ फालांगियारि आदोब आरो आरजिनायनि खाबुफोरखौ एसेल' बिबांनि खामायग्रा हानजानि थाखाय जगार खालामना होयो आरो रोंगथि आरो दैदेनगिरिनि खाबु होनानै हिनजावफोरखौ समाजारि आरो रांखान्थियारि बिथिं फारसे जौगाखां होयो। The latest methodology involved both (from approximately 400 centers) and a population-based survey, which tested blood samples and covered about 200,000 people (ages 15-54), including face-to-face interviews, across the country between December 2005 and August 2006. आथिखालनि खानथिया संदान्नाय फोरमान आरो सुबुं सानखो नायगिदिंनाय मोन्नैखौ लानानै जादों, जाय 2005 माइथायनि डिसिम्बर आरो 2006 माइथायनि आगष्ट दाननि गेजेराव 200,000 (15-54 बैसोनि) सासो सुबुंनि थैनि नमुनानि आनजाद लानायजों लोगोसे मोगा-मोगि सोंथि लादोंमोन। The new estimate for India puts it below South Africa and Nigeria. गोदान हिसाब बादियै भारतखौ खोला आफ्रिका आरो नाइजेरिनि गाहायाव दोनजायो। The new survey methodology is key to understanding the lower numbers. गोदान नायगिदिंनाय खानथिया फिसा अनजिमाफोरखौ बुजिनायनि मोनसे साबि। The Red Cross Blood Bank issues blood free of cost to the thalassemic patients. रेडक्रस थै बाख्रिया थालासेमियारि बेरामिफोरनो थैखौ बेसेन लायाजासे रान्ना होयो। The Red Cross Home for Disabled Servicemen in Bangalore was set up in 1946 for permanently disabled or incapacitated soldiers who fought during World War II. नैथि मुलुग दावहायाव बेंगुरा जानाय सानथ्रिफोरनो अराय समनि थाखाय बेंगालराव 1946 माइथायाव रेडक्रसनि बेंगुरा साख्रि मावग्राफोरनि नखौ गायसनदोंमोन। The society has started V.T.C. in different pockets of the country, which are dominated by backward classes or tribal population. आदिबासि एबा गोग्लैसोनानै थानाय सुबुंफोरजों साग्लोबजानाय हादरनि गुबुन गुबन खनाफोराव समाजा भ.ति.सिखौ जागायजेनो। There are 29 districts with high prevalence, particularly in the states of West Bengal, Orissa, Rajasthan and Bihar. मोन 29 जिलाफोरा साबसिनै उथ्रिदों, गिबि हिसाबै सोनाब बंग, उरिसा, राजस्थान आरो बिहार हादरसाफोराव। There are about 1200 patients of Thalassemia registered with Red Cross Blood Bank. थालेसेमियानि 1200 सासो बेमारि सुबुंफ्रा रेडक्रस थै बाख्रियाव मुं थिसनदों। There are more than 30 MCW Polyclinics and 375 MCW Centres run by Red Cross branches in different parts of the country. 30 एम.सि.दाब्लिउ पलिक्लिनिक्स आरो 375 एम.सि.दाब्लिउ निबो बांसिन फसंथानफोरा हादरनि गुबुन गुबुन जायगाफोराव रेडक्रसनि दालायसाफोरजों सालायजागासिनो दं। There is also the Medical After-Care Fund created in 1941 to financially help needy ex-servicemen who participated in World War I and II, Kashmir, NEFA and Ladakh operations and Indo-Pakistani conflicts. 1941 माइथायाव सोरजिजानाय उननायथा देहायारि नोजोरथाय होग्रा बाख्रिबो दं जायफोर सेथि आरो नैथि मुलुग दावहा, कास्मिर, नेफा आरो लादाक गाग्लोबनाय आरो इन्ड-पाकिस्थाननि जेंनाफोराव बाहागो लानाय गोनांथि गोनां बारग हाबा मावग्राफोरनि थाखाय रांखानथियारी हेफाजाब होयो। These centres also serve as garment production centres for use by the society in its relief operations. बेफोर फसंथानफोरा रैखाथिनि हाबाफारियाव समाजआ बाहायनो गोनां जानाय जि-जोम दिहुनग्रा मिरु बादियैबो हाबा मावो। These centres besides providing training to the needy women also have developed as nucleus points for promoting Women/ child development activities. बे फसंथानफोरा गोनांथि जानाय आयजोफोरनो फोरोंथाय होनायजों लोगोसे आयजो/गथफोर जौगाखांनाय हाबाफारिनि थुलुंग्रा होग्रा फिसा बिन्दो हिसाबैबो दावगाबोदों। These field schemes include four main maternity hospitals, 20 sub-centres and 12 balvikas kendras. बेफोर गोसारनाय हाबाफारियाव गंब्रै गुदि बिमायारि देहा फाहामसालि , गं 20 दालायसा मिरु आरो गं 12 गथ'सा जौगानाय मिरुफोरखौ सोफानाय जादों। These numbers are significantly lower than previous estimates of the epidemic's prevalence and are more accurate because they are based on an expanded surveillance and improved methodology. बेफोर अनजिमाफोरा बारदेरग्रा बेरामनि सिगांनि हिसाबनिख्रुइबो मखजाथाव खमायदों आरो थारैनो नंगुबै मानोना गुवारै नायदिंनाय आरो जौगानाय आदबाव सोनारनानै बेफोरखौ मोन्नाय जादों। They motivate eligible couples to adopt small family norms and provide them contraceptives and other family planning devices. बिसोर रोंगथि गोनां बिसि-फिसायफोरखौ उन्दै जखानि नखर दानो थुलुंगा होयो आरो बिसोरनो गोरबो थाहोयै मुलि आरो गुबुन नखर जोजना जगार खोलामना होयो। They provide antenatal, post-natal family welfare services, immunise children and carry out regular health check-ups, attend confinement cases and run nurseries. बिसोर जोनोमनि सिगां ,जोनोमनि उननि नखर गाहामथि हाबाफारि, गथफोरनो बेराम होबथाग्रा मुलि होनाय, जेब्लायबो देहा नायबिजिरनाय, गथ' जागिनाय समाव हाजिर थानाय आरो गथ' दोनग्रा न'फोर सालायनायाव मदत खालामो। To counter this, massive motivation campaigns through personal approach, correspondence, group approach were started. बेयाव बादायलायनो, गेदेर थुलुंगानाय जुथुमफोरनि गेजेरजों गावारि फोरमायथिनाय , खौरां हरलायनाय, हानजायै सावरायनाय बायदिफोरा जागायदोंमोन। To encourage higher studies and specialization in nursing subjects, scholarships are awarded to nursing students. देहा जोथोन लाग्रा आयदायाव गोजौ सोलोंथाय आरो जुनियाथि रोंगथाय लानो थुलुंगा होनो थाखाय देहा जोथोन लाग्रा फरायसाफोरनो सिकलारसिब होनाय जादों। To ensure continuity and success every organisation worth its name needs the support of the young. सोलिबाय थानाय आरो जाफुंसारनायखौ थि लाखिनो गासैबो फसंथानफोरा लाइमोनफोरनि मदद नांगौ। Today Influenza kills about 250,000 to 500,000 worldwide each year. दिनै इनफ्लुइनजा बेरामा बुहुमनाङैनो बोसोरफ्रोमबो 250,000 निफ्राय 500,000 सा अनजिमानि सुबुंफोरखौ बुथारो। Traditional beliefs, myths and taboos were obstacles in the collection of blood. आबै-आबौफोरनि फोथायनाय, सल बाथा आरो दोरोङारिफोरा थै बुथुमनायखौ बेरेखा सानो। Up to 30% percent of those infected, including 80% of the children under 5 years of age, died from the disease, and one third of the survivors went blind. गासै 30% हारनि जायनाव बेराम बारदेरजादों बेनि गेजेराव 5 बोसोर बैसोनि खमनि 80 % हारनि गथफोरा बेरामजों थैदोंमोन आरो थाम बाहागोनि से बाहागो थांना थाग्राफोरा खाना जादोंमोन। Welfare services are run in military hospitals for sick and wounded soldiers by IRCS Lady Welfare Officers who are specially trained for this work. आइ.आर.सि.इसजों जुनिया रोंगथि मोन्नाय आयजो जौगाथाय दैदेनगिरिफोरा सान्त्रीफोरनि देहा फाहामसालिफोराव लोमजानाय आरो गाराय जानाय सान्त्रीफोरनि थाखाय जौगाथाय हाबाफारि सालायो। When a microbe jumps from a long-time animal host to a human being, it may cease to be a harmless parasite and become pathogenic. जेब्ला मासे जिउसाया गोबाव सम जुनारनाव थानायनि उनाव मानसिनाव बारदेरो अब्ला बेयो मालायनि सायाव सोनारग्रा खहागैयै जिउसा जायालासे बेराम सोमजिहोग्रा जायो। While data does suggest declining HIV prevalence levels among sex workers in the southern states, overall prevalence levels among this group continues to spiral upwards. फोरमान बिलायाव HIV नि गोसारनायखौ खोलाहानि हादरसाफोराव आथोन खामानि मावग्राफोरनि गेजेराव खमायनाय नुदोंब्लाबो गोसारनायनि गासैबो थाखोखौ नायोब्ला बे हानजानि गेजेराव गोसारनाया गोजौआव गिदिंफिन्दों। While overall, the HIV epidemic shows a stable trend in the recent years, there is variation between states and population groups. HIV बारदेरग्रा बेरामखौ थांनाय बोसोरफ्राव दिदोम बोहैथि दाहाराव नुनो मोनदोंब्लाबो हादरसा आरो सुबुं हानजानि गेजेराव फारागथि दं। With most new infectious diseases, some human action is involved, changing the environment so that an existing microbe can take up residence in a new niche. बांसिन गोदान बारस्लायग्रा बेरामफोराजों लोगोसे माखासे सुबुंनि हाबाफोरा आबहावा सोलायनायनि थाखाय मासे थाखानाय जिवसाया गोदानै थाग्राखुलि बानायो। With the rise in population the demand for medical personnel is indeed increasing, especially for nursing care in homes to ease the strain in hospitals. सुबुं अनजिमा बांबोनायजों लोगोसे गावारि देहा फाहामथायनि थार गोनांथिया बांबोदों जुनियायै नफोराव देहा जोथोन लानाया देहा फाहामसालियाव लानायनिख्रुय सुबिदासिन। Woollen and knitted garments were sent to Indian prisoners of war in Europe at the rate of 20,000 parcels a week during the peak period. इउरपनि दावहायाव जोबथेसालियाव जोबथेजानाय भारतआरिफोरनो ऊलनि जि आरो सुथेनाय जि-जोमफोरखौ सबतासेयाव 20,000 थफ्ला गोनांथार समाव हरोमोन। 40% Bone marrow and systemic disease control, specific treatment of CNS, if involved. 40% बेगें सिंनि मगजु/हान्थु आरो थि रोखोमनि बेराम होबथानाय,सि एन एस थायोब्ला जर’खा फाहामथाय। 85% in children and 50% in adults Bone marrow and systemic disease control, prevention of spreading, e.g. to CNS Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Most often affects adults over the age of 55. 85%गथ’सानि आरो बैसो गोरानि 50% बेगें सिंनि मगजु आरो थि रोखोमनि बेराम होबथानाय,बेराम गोसारनायखौ होबथानाय,बिदिन्थि महरै सि एन एसनि क्रनिक लाइमप’चिटिक थैनि केन्सारा बांसिनै 85 बोसोरनि बैसोनि सुबुंखौ हमो। A combination of chemotherapeutic drugs is used to keep the remaining leukemia cells from developing resistance. मोनसे रोखोमनि सोखाग्रा मुलिनि ज’थाया आद्रा थानाय थैनि केन्सार बिदामखौ गोख्रों जानायनिफ्राय होबथायो। A laboratory test known as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is advisable for ALL patients, since it may help to identify specific genetic abnormalities. गासै बेरामिफोरनिरनि थाखाय पलिमिरास चेइन रियेक्सन मुंनि मोनसे आनजादा बोसोन होजाथाव,मानोना बे थि रोखोमनि जिनारि सरासनस्रानङैफोरखौ सिनायथिनायाव मदद खालामो। A very small number of children also develop this disease. एसे बिबांनि गथ’फोरनावबो बे बेरामा जानो हागौ। Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna) also stated that bodily secretion is contaminated by foul foreign earthly bodies before being infected, but he did not view them as primary causes of disease. आबु आनि इबन सिनायाबो(आभिचेनना) फोरमायदों दि- देहानिफ्राय ओंखारनाय एबा सिगारनाय मुवाफोरा गाज्रिनायनि सिगां बुहुमनि गाज्रि मुवाफोरजों गलाय-मोनदेर दानाय सनगेरग्रा बेराम जाहोनो हागौ,नाथाय बियो गुबै जाहोन महरै लायाखैमोन। Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna) discovered the contagious nature of infectious diseases in the early 11th century. आबु आनि इबन सिनाया(आभिचेनना) 11थि जौथायनि गिबि बाहागोवाव बारदेरग्रा बा सनदेरग्रा बेरामफोरनि आखुखौ दिहुनदोंमोन। Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna)introduced quarantine as a means of limiting the spread of contagious and infectious diseases in The Canon of Medicine, circa 1020. आबु आनि इबन सिनाया(आभिचेनना) सनदेरग्रा आरो बारस्लायग्रा बेरामफोरखौ बाङाय खालामनो थाखाय 1020 चिरकायाव मुलिनि खान्थि महरै बेरामगोनां जायगानिफ्राय फैनाय हाहाजफोरखौ हाबनो होवाखैमोन एबा कुवारेनटाइन राहा लादोंमोन। Acute forms of leukemia can occur in children and young adults. गोख्रों महरनि थैनि केन्सारा गथ’सा एबा लाइमोनफोरनावबो जानो हागौ। Acute leukemia is characterized by the rapid increase of immature blood cells. गोख्रों थैनि केन्साराव जोबोर गोख्रै रायैथैनि बिदामा बारायो। Acute myelogenous leukemia Occurs more commonly in adults than in children, and more commonly in men than women. गोख्रों थै गुफुरनि केन्सारा सरासनस्रायै गथ’साफोरनिख्रुय लाइमोनफोरनाव आरो हिनजावफोरनिख्रुय हौवाफोरनाव बांसिन जायो। Advancements in microscopy were essential to the early study of infectious diseases. सनदेरग्रा एबा बारस्लायग्रा बेरामफोरनि गिबि सरसा खालामनायाव माइक्रसकपिनि जौगानाया गोनांथार। Aleukemia can occur in any of the four major types of leukemia, and is particularly common in hairy cell leukemia. मोनसे थैनि केन्सार बेरामा मोनब्रै गाहाय बाहागोनि थैनि केन्सारनि गेजेराव जानो हागौ,जर’खायै खानायनि जिबख्रियाव बांजिनै मोनो। Alexander Fleming discovered the world's first antibiotic Penicillin. आलेकजेन्दार फ्लेमिङा बुहुमनि गिबि जिउसा होबथा पेनिसिलिन दिहुनदोंमोन। All symptoms can be attributed to other diseases; for diagnosis, blood tests and a bone marrow examination are required. गुबुन बेरामफोरनि थाखाय गासै लैखोनफोरखौ मख’नो हायो, बेराम सिनायनो थाखाय थैनि आरो बेगें सिंनि मगजु आनजादनि गोनांथि जायो। Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) advanced the science of microscopy by being the first to observe microorganisms, allowing for easy visualization of bacteria. फिसा-फिसा जिउ-जिबिखौ नोजोर होनो थाखाय आनटन भान लीवेनहकआ(1632-1723)माइक्रसकपि गोनोखोखौ जौगाहोदोंमोन,जायजों बेक्टेरियाफोरखौ गोरलैयै नायनो हानाय जादोंमोन। As countries make use of their rain forests, by building roads through forests and clearing areas for settlement or commercial ventures, people encounter insects and other animals harboring previously unknown microorganisms. सुबुंफोरा हाग्रा –बंग्रा सिफायनानै लामा-सामा,न’-बां आरो फालांगि मिरु खालामनो लानायाव एमफौ-एनला आरो गुबुन जिब-जुनारफोरनि थाग्रा खुलियाव थानाय गिबियाव मिथिमोनै फिसा-फिसा जिउसाफोरजों मोगा-मोगि जादों। B-cell ALL usually is not cured by standard ALL therapy. B गासै (बि) जिबख्रिखौ सरासनस्रायै गासै हामगुजु गोनां फाहामथायजों सोखानो हाया। Because these patients have a worse prognosis than other individuals with ALL, many oncologists recommend allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT), since remission may be brief following conventional ALL chemotherapy. मानोना गुबुन सुबुंफोरनि रुजुनायाव बे बेरामनि सुबुंफोरा गाज्रिसिन इयुन लैखोन दं, गोबां केन्सार फाहामगिरि रोंगसाफोरनि बादिब्ला देन्था बिदामजों बेगें सिंनि मगजु सोलायनायखौ बोसोन होयो।मानोना दोरोङारि फाहामथाय केम’टेरापिजों बेरामनिफ्राय एसे रैखा मोनो होनना फोथायो। Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is uncommon, although the disease can occasionally cause cranial nerve palsies. बे बेरामा खर’बिखंनि बिसोमाव फारसे देहा थैनाय बेराम सोमजिहोनो हागौब्लाबो मिरु बिसोम खान्थिनि सोमोन्दो थानाया आलादा। Chronic leukemia is distinguished by the excessive build up of relatively mature, but still abnormal, blood cells. थै जिबख्रिनि बांद्राय राफोद थैनि दाथाय नाथाय अब्लाबो सरासनस्रैनङैजों गोख्रों थैनि केन्सारखौ फाराग खालामनो हायो। Chronic leukemia mostly occurs in older people, but can theoretically occur in any age group. थैनि केन्सारा बांसिननै बोराय-बुरि बैसोनि सुबुंफोरनाव जायोब्लाबो,थिराथांथाय बादियै गासै बैसोनि सुबुंफोरनाव जानो हागौ। Chronic myelogenous leukemia Occurs mainly in adults. गोख्रों थै गुफुरनि केन्सारा गुबैयै बैसोगोरा सुबुंफोरनाव जायो। Chronic therapy runs more slowly through your body. गोख्रों फाहामथाय राहाया नोंनि देहायाव जोबोर लासैयै हाबा मावो। CNS prophylaxis (preventive therapy) to stop the cancer from spreading to the brain and nervous system. सिएन एस बेराम होबथा फाहामथाया केन्सारखौ मेलेम आरो बिसोम खान्थियाव गोसोरनायनिफ्राय होबथायो। Cohort and case-control studies have linked exposure to petrochemicals, such as benzene, and hair dyes to the development of some forms of leukemia. नोजोर आरो गोथौ बिजिरसंनाय सरसा खालामनायनि गेजेरजों थेनि केन्सारनि गुबुन गुबुन महरनि पेट्ररासायन फोनांजाब जेरै-बेनजेन एबा गुफुर लाव-लाव पेट्रमुवा आरो गानाय गाबहोनाय बायदि जाहोन थादेरनाय मोनदों। Consolidation therapy (1-3 months in adults; 4-8 months in children) to eliminate any leukemia cells that are still "hiding" within the body. सावस्रि सिङाव थाखुमानाय केन्सार जिबख्रिखौ होखारनो थाखाय बाहायथ’नाय फाहामथाया बैसो गोरानि थाखाय 1-3 दान आरो गथ’साफोरनि थाखाय 4-8 दान। Cranial (head) irradiation plus spinal tap or intrathecal (IT) delivery (into the space around the spinal cord and brain) of the drug methotrexate. खर’वाव सोरां होनाय आरो सिनस्रि टेप खालामनाय एबा मेट’डसटरेट मुलु खान्थि बाहायनानै साइड एपेकखौ दमायनाय। Damage to the bone marrow, by way of displacing the normal bone marrow cells with higher numbers of immature white blood cells, results in a lack of blood platelets, which are important in the blood clotting process. गोबां बिबांनि रोफोदनङै गुफुर थै जिबख्रिजों सरासनस्रा बेंगें सिंनि मुगजु सोलायनायजों बेगें सिंनि मगजु खहा जानाया थैनि गोनांथार बिदामखौ बाङाय खालामो जाय थैनि देहा जोथोन बिखान्थिनि गोनांथार बाहागो। Edward Jenner, Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin developed effective vaccines for smallpox and polio, which would later result in the eradication and near-eradication of these diseases, respectively. पलिअ’आरो आइ एबा सिथर बेरनाय बेरामनि थाखाय एडवारड जेनार,ज’नास सलक आरो एलबार्ड सबिना गोहोम गोनां भेक्सिन एबा बिजि दिहुनदोंमोन जाय उनाव बे फोजोबस्रांनो एबा फोजोबस्रांफ्रामनो हादोंमोन। Even when the causes become known, they may not be readily controllable, such as naturally occurring background radiation, and therefore not especially helpful for prevention purposes. माब्लाबा जाहोनखौ मिथिब्लाबो बेफोरखौ होबथानाया गोरलै नङा,बे बादिनो सोरां होनाया केन्सार बेमारखौ होबथानायाव आबुङै थांखिखौ सुफुंनो हायाखै। Fanconi anemia is also a risk factor for developing acute myelogenous leukemia. गुफुर थै सेरेफनि गोख्रों थै केन्सार जानायनि थाखाय पानक’नि एमेनिया एबा बेगें सिंनि मगजु फेलें जानायाबो गिनो गोनां जाहोन। Finally, the red blood cell deficiency leads to anemia, which may cause dyspnea. जोबनायाव गोजा थै जिबख्रिनि आंखाला एमेनिया एबा थै गैयि जाहोयो,जाय हां थोनो-थोनो मोनहोयो। For adult ALL, standard induction plans include prednisone, vincristine, and an anthracycline drug; other drug plans may include L-asparaginase or cyclophosphamide. गासै बैसोगोरा बेरामिनि थाखाय जौगा मान थाखोनि बाहायनो गोनां मुलिफोरनि गोजोराव दं प्रेडनिसन,भिनक्राइसटिन आरो एन्ट्रासाइक्लिन,गुबुन मुलिफोरनि गेजेराव बाहायनो हायो एसप्रारेजिनस एबा साइवल’पसमाइड। For an aleukemic patient, the white blood cell counts in the bloodstream can be normal or low. सासे थैनि केन्सार बेरामिनि थाखाय थैनि थाथायाव गुफुर थैनि बिबाङा सरासनस्रा एबा बाङाइ जानो हागौ। For children with low-risk ALL, standard therapy usually consists of three drugs (prednisone, L-asparaginase, and vincristine) for the first month of treatment. गासै बारा गिनो गोनां गैयि गथ’सा बेरामिफोरनि थाखाय जौगा माननि फाहामथायाव दं गिबि दाननि थाखाय मोनथाम मुलि बेफोर जादों-प्रेडनिसन,एल एसप्रारेजिनस आरो भिनक्राइसटिन। For example, an "uncomplicated" pneumonia will generally be treated by the internist or the pulmonologist (lung physician). बिखा-समफ्लनि रोंग’सा एबा हां लानायनि फाहामगिरिफोरा बिदिन्थि महरै हां लानायाव जेंना सोमजिनाय एबा निउम’नियाखौ जेथो गैयै महरै लायो। Frequently, these extra white blood cells are immature or dysfunctional. बांसिन समावनो बांद्राय गुफुर थै जिबख्रिफोरा राफोद नङै एबा खामानियाव गैयै। Furthermore, the diseases are classified into lymphoblastic or lymphocytic leukemias, which indicate that the cancerous change took place in a type of marrow cell that normally goes on to form lymphocytes. आरोबाव गुफुर थैनि केन्सार बेरामखौ गुफुर थैनि बांद्राय बारायनाय आरो लासै बारायनाय बे मोननै बाहागोवाव राननो हायो।जाय बेगें सिंनि मगजु जिबख्रियाव थाना केन्सार जाहोयो। Generally, infections are initially diagnosed by primary care physicians or internal medicine specialists. सरासनस्रायै,सनदेरनायखौ गिबि सोमजि बाहागोवाव सावस्रि एबा मुलि रोंग’सानि गेजेरजों आनजाद लानाय जायो। Gerhard Domagk develops Sulphonamides, the first broad spectrum synthetic antibacterial drugs. गिबि बेक्टेरिया होबथा ज’थाय मुलि सालप’नेमाइडसखौ गेर्हाड ड’मागकआ दिहुनदोंमोन। German postage stamps depicting four antique microscopes. जार्मान पस्टेस स्टामा मोनब्रै गोजाम फिसा दाजेमारि मुवा एबा एन्टिक माइक्रसकप दिन्थियो। Hairy cell leukemia About 80% of affected people are adult men. 80 जौखोन्दो खानाइयारि जिबख्रि थैनि केन्सार जाजानाय सुबुंफोरा बैसो गोरा हौवाफोर। High-risk children may receive these drugs plus an anthracycline such as daunorubicin. जोबोर खैफोद गोनां गथ’सा बेरामिफोरा बेफोर मुलि आरो डाउरुन’बिसिन बादि मोनसे एनट्रासाइक्लिन मोननो हायो। High-risk patients receive higher drug doses plus treatment with extra chemotherapeutic agents. जोबोर खैफोद गोनां बेरामिफोरा बांसिन मुलि आरो आलादा केम’टेरापि फाहामथाय लानांगौ। However, the leukemic cells are staying in the marrow instead of entering the bloodstream, where they would be visible in a blood test. अदेबानि थैनि केन्सार जिबख्रिया थैनि गुबै बिथायाव हाबनायनि सोलाय बेगें सिंनि मगजुवाव थायो,जेराव बेफोरखौ थै आनजादाव नुनो मोनो। Immediate treatment is required in acute leukemias due to the rapid progression and accumulation of the malignant cells, which then spill over into the bloodstream and spread to other organs of the body. गिलु-बालु जिबख्रिफोरनि जमा जानायनि आरो गोख्रै बारायनायनि थाखाय गोख्रों थैनि केन्सार बेरामनि थाब फाहामथाय लानाया गोनां,बे बादि खालामाब्ला बे थैनि बिथायाव लोमसावो आरो देहानि गुबुन गुबुन बाहागोवाव गोसारो। In children, an intensive 6-month treatment program is needed after induction, followed by 2 years of maintenance chemotherapy. गथ’सा समाव जाजेननायाव 6 दाननि मोजां फाहामथाय लानांगौ,बेनि उनाव 2 बोसोरनि केम’टेरापि खालामनांगौ। In fact, leukemia is a more common cause of death for children in the US than any other type of malignant disease. थारैनो इउ.एसनि गिलु-बालु बेरामफोरनि गेजेराव थैनि केन्सारा बांसिन गथ’सा फोथैनायनि जाहोन। Induction chemotherapy to bring about remission - that is, leukemic cells are no longer found in bone marrow samples. केम’टेरापि बाहायनायनि उनाव थैनि केन्सारा खमायदों-मानोना बेगें सिंनि मगजु सेम्पलाव थैनि केन्सारखौ मोनबाङाखै। Instead, higher response rates are achieved with the aggressive, cyclophosphamide-based regimens that are used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. बेनि सोलाय बांसिन बिबांनि एदावग्रा बेरामखौ मोननो केन्सार बेरेखा साइक्ल’पसपामाइडनि राहाखौ बाहायो। Leukemia is a broad term covering a spectrum of diseases. लिउकेमिनियाआ बेरामफोरनि गुवार ओंथियाव बाहायनाय मोनसे सोदोब। Leukemia is clinically and pathologically split into its acute and chronic forms. लिउकेमिया एबा थैनि केन्सारा फाहामनाय आरो बेराम सिनायनायनिफ्राय गोख्रों आरो जाफ्लाग्रा महर दं। Leukemia is part of the broad group of diseases called hematological neoplasms. हेमाट’लजिकेल निउप्लाज’म मुंनि मोनसे जिउसा बेरेखा बेरामनि मोनसे बाहागोवानो जादों-लिउकेमिया एबा थैनि केन्सार। Leukemia or leukaemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes). लिउकेमियाआ जादों-थैनि केन्सार एबा बेगें सिंनि मगजु आरो बे बांद्राय थै गुफुर सेरेफ ओंखारद्रायनाय। Leukemia, like other cancers, results from somatic mutations in the DNA which activate oncogenes or deactivate tumor suppressor genes, and disrupt the regulation of cell death, differentiation or division. गुबुन केन्सार बेरामफोर बादि लिउकेमिया डि एन.ए सोरजि सोलायनाय जाय जिन जिबख्रि रोदाखौ सांग्रां खालामो एबा बेरेखा टिउमार होबथा जिबख्रिखौ लोरबां खालामो एबा गोथै जिबख्रिफोरखौ सामलायनायाव,फाराग खालामनायाव आरो बाहागो खालामनायाव जेंना खालामो। Leukemias disease also affects adults, especially those age 65 and older. लिउकेमिया बेरामा बैसोगोराफोरखौबो जाहोयो,जर’खायै 65बोसोर एबा बेनि बारा बैसोनि सुबुंफोरखौ। Leukemias sometimes occur in younger adults, but it almost never affects children. लिउकेमिया माब्लाबा लाइमोन बैसोनि सुबुंनावबो जानो हागौ नाथाय माब्लाबाबो गथ’साफोरनाव गोहोम खोख्लैया। Louis Pasteur proved beyond doubt that certain diseases are caused by infectious agents, and developed a vaccine for rabies. लुइस पस्टारा गोनो गोथो गैयाजासे पोरमान खालामदों दि माखासे बेरामफोरा सनदेरग्रा थान्दैफोरनि थाखाय जायो आरो रेबिस जिउसा फोथैग्रा मुलि दिहुनदोंमोन। Myeloid or myelogenous leukemias, which indicate that the cancerous change took place in a type of marrow cell that normally goes on to form red cells, some types of white cells, and platelets. थै गुफुरनि केन्सारा जाय बेगें सिंनि मगजुवाव केन्सार महरै थानायखौ दिन्थियो,बे सरासनसनस्रायै गोजा थै जिबख्रि,माखासे रोखोमनि गुफुर थै जिबख्रि आरो प्लेटलेटस सोमजिहोयो। No reported cases in young children, 96% to 100% at ten years Incurable, but easily treatable. उन्दै गथ’साफोरनि बेलायाव जेबो खौरां मननाय जायाखै।जि बोसोरनि गथ’सानि बेलायाव 96%निफ्राय 100%सिम सोखानो हाया,नाथाय गोरलै जोथोन लानो हायो। Only children with T-cell leukemia, a high white blood cell count, or leukemia cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) need to receive cranial irradiation as well as IT therapy. टि-जिबख्रि गोनां थैनि केन्सार गोनां गथ’सायाल’ एबा गोबां गोबां गुफुर थै सेरेफ गोनां सेरेब्र’स्पिनेल बिदै गोनां थैनि केन्सारा खर’नि सोरां होनाय आरो आइ.टि टेरापि लानांगौ। or example, certain cases of ALL are associated with viral infections by either the human immunodeficiency virus or human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1 and -2, causing adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma). एबा बिदिन्थि महरै सावस्रिनि गोनां आदार जिउनि आंखाल भाइरास आरो सुबुंनि टि लाइमप्र’’ट्र’पिक भाइरास गोनां माखासे जाहोनावल’ ‘ टि जिबख्रि तैनि केन्सारा जानो हागौ। Patients with low- to average-risk ALL receive therapy with antimetabolite drugs such as methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). एसेल आरो गेजेर जखानि गिनो गोनां बेरामिफोरा केम’टेरापि बादि मुलि जेरै-मेट’ट्रेसाइट रो 6 मेरकेपट’पिउरिन बाहायनो हायो। PCR testing is especially important for patients whose disease is B-cell in type. जाय बेरामिफोरनि जिबख्रिया बि –महरनि बिसोरनि थाखाय पि सि आर आनजादा गोनां। People who receive bone marrow transplantation will require protective isolation in the hospital, including filtered air, sterile food, and sterilization of the microorganisms in the gut, until their total white blood cell (WBC) count is above 500. जाय सुबुंफोरा बेगें सिंनि मगजु सोलायनाय फाहामथाय लायो,बिसोरनि थाखाय एखुथायै सावस्रि मिरु,सोदांनाय बार,आदार,फिसा-फिसौ जोथोन गुफुर थै जिबख्रिनि बिबाङा 500 जायागौमानि रैखाथि राहा लानांगौ जायो। Proper management of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) focuses on control of bone marrow and systemic (whole-body) disease as well as prevention of cancer at other sites, particularly the central nervous system (CNS). गासै गोख्रों गुफुर थैनि केन्सारखौ मोजाङै सामलायनाया सोनारो बेगें सिंनि मगजु आरो गासै देहाखौ थि दबथायनाय आरो केन्सारनि गुबुन बिथिंखौ जर’खायै मिरु बिसोम बिखान्थिखौ होबथानायाव। Researchers have strong suspicions about four possible causes: natural or artificial ionizing radiation, certain kinds of chemicals, some viruses genetic predispositions बिजिरसंगिरिफोरा मोनब्रै जाथावना जाहोननि सायाव गोख्रों सन्देह खालामदों-बेफोर जादों-मिथिंगारि एबा सरासनस्रा,खालामनाय आइन सोरां होनाय ,थि रोखोमनि रासायन मुवा, माखासे भाइरासनि आगुराहा थानाय। Robert Koch, provided the study of infectious diseases with a scientific basis known as Koch's postulates. रबार्ट कच’आ सनदेरग्रा बेरामनि सरसा खालामनायाव मोनसे गोनोखोवारि बिथा होदों,जायखौ कच’ बुंफोरथि बुंनाय जायो। Ships and other cargo carriers often harbor unintended "passengers” that can spread diseases to faraway destinations. जाहाज गाथोनाव माब्लाबा जाहाज आरो मुवा रोगाग्रा जाहाजफोरा फैहोनाङै दावबायारिफोरखौ लानाफैयो,जाय बेरामखौ गोजान गोजान थावनिसिम गोसार होयो। Some leukemia patients do not have high white blood cell counts visible during a regular blood count. खायसे थैनि केन्सार बेरामिनाव अराय सम थैनि बिबां साननायाव गुफुर थैनि जिबख्रिखौ नुनो मोना। Such abnormalities have a large impact upon prognosis and, consequently, treatment plans. बे बादि सरासनस्रा नङै जाथाया लैखोन नायनाय आरो फाहामथायाव गोबां गोहोम खोख्लैयै। Such ideas became more popular in Europe during the renaissance, particularly through the writing of the Italian monk Girolamo Fracastoro. बे बादि सानस्रिया इउरपाव गोदान जांख्रिथायनि समाव जरखायै इटालियान मंक गिर’लाम’ प्रांकास्ट’र’ नि लिरथायनि गोजोरजों गोबां मुदांखा जादोंमोन। The bone marrow still contains cancerous white blood cells which disrupt the normal production of blood cells. दाबो बेगें सिंनि मगजुवाव केन्सार गोनां गुफुर थैनि जिबख्रि थानो हागौ,जायसरा सनस्रायै तै जिबख्रि दिहुनथायखौ जेंना खालामो। The different leukemias likely have different causes, and very little is certain about what causes them. गुबुन गुबुन लिउकेमिया एबा थैनि केन्सारनि गुबुन गुबुन जाहोन थानो हागौ,जाय बेफोर जाहाननि बिथिंनिफ्राय एफा-एनै सोलाय सोल’ जानो हागौ। The disease has not been definitively diagnosed after an initial workup. गिबि बाहागोवाव बेरामखौ मोजाङै सिनायनो हाया जानो हागौ। The disease has not responded to first line antibiotics. गिबि सारिनि एन्टिबायटिकजों बेरामा खेर- खेराया। The disease might be dangerous to other patients, and the patient might have to be isolated. बेरामा गुबुन बेरामिफोरनि थाखाय गिथावना जानो हागौ आरो बेरामिखौ आलादायै लाखिनांगोन। The excessive number of cells can also interfere with the level of other cells, causing a harmful imbalance in the blood count. बांद्राय बिबांनि जिबख्रिफोराबो गुबुन जिबख्रिफोरनि थाखोवाव मोगा-मोगि जाना थैनि बिबाङाव सामानथाय गैयि खहा खालामो। The high number of white blood cells are apparent when a blood sample is viewed under a microscope. थैनि नमुनाखौ माइक्रसकबजों नायब्ला गोबां बिबांनि गुफुर थैनि जिबख्रिखौ नुनो मोनो। The infectious agent is of an uncommon nature (e.g. tropical diseases). सनदेरग्रा थान्दैफोरा जर’खा एबा असादारन महरनि(बिदिन्थि ओनसोलनि बेराम) The medical treatment of infectious diseases falls into the medical field of Infectiology and in some cases the study of propagation pertains to the field of Epidemiology. मेडिकेलनि फोथाराव सनदरग्रा बेरामनि फाहामथाया इनपेक्टलजि आरो माखासे बिथिंनि फोसावथायाव गिलु-बालु बेराम एबा एपिडेमिनलजिनि फोथाराव गोग्लैयो। The patient is immunocompromised (for example, in AIDS or after chemotherapy). बेरामिया लोरबां एबा जिउसाजों जुजिनो हायै जायो।(बिदिन्थि महरै एइडस बेरामाव एबा केम’टेरापि लाखांनायनि उनाव) The rapid growth of cities in many developing countries tends to concentrate large numbers of people into crowded areas with poor sanitation. गोबां जौगाफु हादराव गोख्रै नोगोरमा बांबोनायनि जाहोनाव सुबुंफोरा बांद्राय सुबुं अनजिमाजों आरजाथावै थाग्रा खुलियाव थानो गोनां जादों। The word leukemia, which means 'white blood', is derived from the disease's namesake high white blood cell counts that most leukemia patients have before treatment. लिउकेमिया सोदोबा बेरामनि मुङाव गोबां गुफुर थै जिबख्रि बिबांनिफ्राय फैदों जायखौ बांसिन लिउकेमिया बेरामिनाव फाहामथायनि सिगां मोनो आरो जायनि ओंथिया गुफुर थै। The work of the infectiologist therefore entails working with both patients and general practitioners, as well as laboratory scientists, immunologists, bacteriologists and other specialists. बेनिखायनो इनपेक्ट’लजिटनि खामानिया बेरामि आरो सरासनस्रा जोथोन लानायजों लोगोसेनो लेबरेटरि गोनोखोगिरि,एमिउन’लिजिट,बेक्टेरिया रोंग’सा आरो गुबुन रोंग’सा महरैबो हाबा मावनाय। There is no single known cause for all of the different types of leukemia. गासै गुबुन गुबुन लिउकेलियानि थाखाय मोनसेल’मिथिजानाय जाहोन गैया। These conditions foster transmission of contagious diseases. बेफोर थासारिया बारदेरग्रा बेरामखौ गोसारहोनायाव मदद खालामो। These mutations may occur spontaneously or as a of exposure to radiation or carcinogenic substances and are likely to be influenced by genetic factors. बेफोर सोलायनाया गावनो –गाव जानो हागौ एबा मोनसे सोरां होनायनि थाखाय कारचिन’जेनिक एबा केन्सार जाहोग्रा मुवा एबा जिननारि जाहोन जानो हागौ आरो बेफोर जिननारि जाहोनाव गोहोम खोख्लैनो हागौ। This could cause the patient's immune system to be unable to fight off a simple infection or to start attacking other body cells. बे बेरामिनि एमिउन’ बिखान्थिखौ जिउसाजों सनदेरनाय बेरामखौ होबथानो हायै खालामो आरो सावस्रिनि गुबुन बाहागोवाव गाग्लोबनो जागायो। This crowding makes the bone marrow unable to produce healthy blood cells. बे ज’जानाया बेगें सिंनि मगजुखौ गोगो थै जिबख्रि सोरजिनो हायै खालामो। This less-common condition is called aleukemia. बेनि एसे बाहाय सरासनस्रा थासारिया जादों-एलिउकेमिया। This means people with leukemia may become bruised, bleed excessively, or develop pinprick bleeds (petechiae). बेनि ओंथिया जादों लिउकेमिया जाजानाय सुबुंफोरा दोलाबजानाय,बांद्राय थै ग’जानाय एबा फिनजों सुजाना गुदुं जानायजों थै ग’जानाय जानो हागौ। Typically taking months to years to progress, the cells are produced at a much higher rate than normal cells, resulting in many abnormal white blood cells in the blood. सरासनस्रा जिबख्रिनि रुजुनायाव बे जिबख्रिफोरा बांसिन थै दिहुननो आरो थैनि जिबखिरियाव सरासनस्रानङै गुफुर थै सोमजिहोयो,बे हाबाफारिया दानसेनिफ्राय से बोसोर लायो। Until the cause or causes of leukemia are found, there is no way to prevent the disease. लिउकेमियानि जाहोन एबा जाहोनफोरखौ मोनागौमानि बे बेरामखौ होबथानायनि लामा गैया। Viruses have also been linked to some forms of leukemia. भाइरासफोराबो माखासे महरनि लिउकेमियाजों सोमोन्दो दं। When the Black Death bubonic plague reached al-Andalus in the 14th century, Ibn Khatima and Ibn al-Khatib hypothesized that infectious diseases are caused by "contagious entities" which enter the human body. जेब्ला 14थि जौथायाव गोसोम गिलु-बालु गान्थि जरायाव जाग्रा प्लेक बेरामा अल-आनदालसाव सहैदोंमोन अब्ला इबन खातिमाआरो इबन आल कातिबा सानदोंमोनदि बारदेरग्रा बेरामफोरि जाहोना सनदेरग्रा मुवा जाय सुबुंनि सावस्रियाव हाबो। Whereas acute leukemia must be treated immediately, chronic forms are sometimes monitored for some time before treatment to ensure maximum effectiveness of therapy. जेराव गोखों लिउकेमिया एबा थैनि केन्सारनि गोख्रै हाफाहामथाय होनांगौ,गबुन फारसे जाफ्लेग्रा महरनि थैनि केन्सारखौ साननैसोनि थाखाय दबथायना दोनना साबसिन फाहामथायनि राहा लानो हायो। While with international jet-airplane travel, people infected with a disease can carry it to distant lands, or home to their families, before their first symptoms appear. ओरैहाय जेट हादरगेजेरारि बिरखंजों दावबायनाय बे बेराम जाजानाय सुबुङा गावनि गिबि लैखोना नुजानायनि सिगांनो बेखौ गोजान हादराव,नखरनि सुबुंनि गेजेराव लाना थांनो हागौ। About 20% to 30% of patients taking interferon show elimination of the abnormal chromosome and improved survival. इन्टारफेरन लानाय फ्राय 20% निफ्राय 30% बेरामिफोरा गाज्रि क्रमजम जोबलांनाय आरो जौगालु जिउखांथि दिन्थियो। Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) is most common for adults; more men than women are affected. गोब्राब माइल’जेनास लिउकेमिआया (ए.एम.एल) सरासनस्रा बयनिख्रुइबो बैसोगोनांफोरनिआव नुजायो; आयजोनिख्रुई हौवाफोरा बांसिन गाग्लोब जायो। Allogeneic bone marrow transplant (alloBMT) is reserved primarily for patients under 55 years of age who have a compatible family donor. गुबैयै 55 बोसोर बैसोनि सिङाव थानाय बेरामिफोरनि थाखाय एल’जेनिईक बन मेर’ त्रेन्सप्लेन्टखौ (एल्ल’.बि.एम.टि) सोलाययनाय जायो जायहा गोरोबनाय सोमोन्दोगोनां होगिरि दं। Allogeneic bone marrow transplant is available for about 15% of all patients with AML. ए.एम.एल गोनां गासै बेरामिफोरनि फ्राय 15% नि थाखाय एल’जेनिईक बन मेर’ त्रेन्सप्लेन्टआ मोननोहाथाव। Alternatively, patients with recurrent ALL may benefit from participation in new clinical trials of alloBMT, immune system agents, and chemotherapeutic agents, or low-dose radiotherapy, if the cancer recurs throughout the body or CNS. गुबुन फार्से, ए.एल.एल जाफ्लेबायथाजानाय बेरामिफोरा एल्ल’बि.एम.टि, बेरामहोबथा बिखान्थि थानदैफोर, आरो केमथेरापिउतिक थानदैफोर, एबा खम-बिबांनि रेदिवथेरापिनि गोदान क्लिनिकेल आनजादाफाराव बाहागोलानानै मुलामफा मोननो हायो, जुदि केनसारा गासै देहा एबा सि.एन.एसआव जाफ्लेबाय थायो। Approximately half of newly diagnosed AML patients are in this age group, with 75% achieving a complete remission (CR) after induction and consolidation therapy. दुंखांहोनाय आरो गोख्रोंथि लाबोनाय फाहामथायनि उनाव 75% फुरायै मोजांदेहा मोनफिन्नायजों, फ्राय गोदानै बेरामसंजानाय ए.एम.एल बेरामिफोरनि खावसेआनो बे बैसोनि दोलोआव दं। As of 1998, it is estimated that each year, approximately 30,800 individuals will be diagnosed with leukemia in the United States and 21,700 individuals will die of the disease. 1998 मायथाया लागै, बेखौ सान्नाय जादोंदि बोसोरफ्रामबो लिउकेमियागोनां फ्राय 30,800 आमोरिका जथाय हादोरनि सुबुंफोरखौ नायबिजिरनाय जागोन आरो बेरामनिफ्राय 21,700 सुबुंफोरा थैगोन। At the present time, clinical trials are being conducted using immunologic compounds (e.g., interferons, monoclonal antibodies) as well as new chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., bryostatin, dolastatin 10, and PSC 83 - a cyclosporine drug given with chemotherapy to overcome drug resistance). दासान्दै, क्लिनिकेल नायबिजिरनायफोरखौ इमिउन’ल’जिक रासायनफोर (जेरै, ईन्टारफेरन, मनक्लनेल एनथिबदिफोर) लोगोसे गोदान केमतेरापिउतिक रासायनफोरखौ (जेरै ब्रायस्टेटिन, दलास्तेटिन 10, आरो पि.एस.चि 83- मुलै होबथागोहोखौ फेजेन्नो खेमथेरापिजों होफानाय मोनसे साइक्ल’स्प’रिन मुलै) बाहायनानै मावनाय जायो। Blast cell numbers will be reduced temporarily, but they will increase again within 3 to 6 weeks. Individuals showing lymphoid transformation have a slightly better outlook. बेरफ्रु-जिबख्रिनि अनजिमाफोरा दानदिसेनि थाखाय खमायगोन, नाथाय 3 निफ्राय 6 हबथानि गेजेरावनो बिसोर बारायफिनगोन। लिमफ’इद महरसोलायनाय दिनथिनाय सुबुंफोरा एसेयैब्लाबो साबसिन नुमोन्थाय दं। But, fortunately, a large group of CLL patients do not require therapy. नाथाय, खाफालगोनाङै, चि.एल.एल बेरामिफोरनि गोबां हानजाया देहाफाहामथाय नांगौ जाया। By contrast, maintenance treatment involves drug doses that are lower than those administered during the induction phase. फारागथि बायदियै, मोजांलाखिनाय फाहामथायाव मुलैफोर होनाय जायो जायफोरनि बिबांआ बेरामगाग्लोबनाय समाव होनायनिख्रुई खमसिन जायो। By contrast, older individuals with CLL-related complications or more advanced disease (Rai Stage III or IV) may benefit from chemotherapy and treatment with a corticosteroid (e.g., prednisone, prednisolone). गुबुन फार्सेथिं, चि.एल.एलजों सोमोनदो गोनां हेंथाहेंसिफोर एबा बांद्राय गोब्राबसिन बेराम (राइ थाखो III एबा IV) गोनां बोराय सुबुंफोरा मोनसे करटिकसतेरइदनि (जेरै, प्रेदनिसन, फ्रेदनिसलन) केमथेरापि आरो सिखितसानिफ्राय मुलामफा मोननो हायो। Chemotherapeutic drugs such as hydroxyurea (Hydrea) and busulfan (Myleran) can normalize the blood count for a period of time, but they do not increase survival. केमथेरापिउतिक मुलैफोर जेरैहाय हाइद्रक्सिईउरिया (हाइद्रिया) आरो बुसालफान (मिलेरान)  दसे समनि थाखाय थैनि जखाखौ मोजाङै लाखिनो हायो, नाथाय बिसोर जिउखौ बारायनो हाया। Children who have hyperleukocytosis (too many white blood cells), especially monocytic M5 leukemia, have a poor prognosis. जाय गथ’फोरहा हाइपारलिउख’साइतसिस (जोबोर गोबां गुफुर थै सेरेबफोर), गबैयै मनसाईतिक एम5 लिउकेमियाहा दङ बिसोरनि बेरामनिफ्राय साबखांथिया लोरबां। Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is probably incurable by present treatments. जानो हागौ दानि सिखितसाफोरजों गोब्राब लिमफसाइतिक लिउकेमियाखौ (सि.एल.एल) सोखानो हाया। Consolidation or "maintenance" treatments may be given to prevent disease recurrence once remission has been achieved. गुफुं देहा मोनफिनोब्ला गोख्रोंथि लाबोनाय एबा “मोजां लाखिनाय” सिखितसाफोरखौ बेरामनि नुजाखांफिन्नायखौ होबथानो होनाय जायो। Consolidation therapy is complex, but it should include at least two courses of high-dose ara-C (HDAC). गोख्रों खालामग्रा फाहामथाया जेथोगोनां, नाथाय खमैब्लाबो बेयो गोबां-बिबांनि एरा-सि (एद्ल.दि.ए.सि)नि खन्नै बाहायथि थानांगौ। Consolidation treatment often entails a repetition of induction chemotherapy or the intensification chemotherapy with added drugs. गोख्रोंथि लाबोनाय सिखितसायाव माब्लाबा गले गले दुंखांहोग्रा खेमथेरापि एबा मुलै होफादेरनालै गोबारै फाहामथायनि गोनांथि जायो। Corticosteroids are first-line agents for people in whom the immune systems has been altered by CLL. CLL may cause autoimmune syndromes in which the patient's immune system attacks and destroys his or her own blood cells. चि.एल.एलजों बेराम होबथा बिखान्थि सोलायजानाय सुबुंफोरनि थाखाय करटिकसतेर’अडफोरा गिबिसारिनि बेसादफोर। चि.एल.एलआ अ’ट’एमिउन बेरखांथिफोर जाहोनो हायो जेराव बेरामिनि बेराम होबथा बिखान्थिआ गावनिनो थै सेरेबफोरखौ गाग्लोबो आरो फोजोबस्राङो। Elderly AML patients have special treatment concerns. बैसोगोरा ए.एम.एल बेरामिफोरहा जुनिया सिकितसानि सुबिदा दं। For example, in older patients (60+ years) who have low-risk early stage disease (Rai Stage 0) a conservative "watch and wait" approach may be taken. बिदिनथि महरै, बैसोगोरा बेरामिफोर (60+ बोसोर) जायहा खम-गिनोगोनां आगु बेरामनि सिनायथि (राइ थाखो 0) दं, मोनसे संरैखायारि "नाय आरो ने" मावफारिखौ लानो हायो। For example, individuals showing myeloid transformation may be given drugs that are used to induce remission in AML - that is, daunorubicin and cytarabine, with or without 6-thioguanine or etoposide. बिदिनथि महरै, माइल’इड सोलाइनाय दिनथिफुंनाय सुबुंफोरनो मुलैफोर होनो हायो जायफोरखौ ए.एम.एलनिफ्राय साबखां होनायाव बाहायनाय जायो जेरै, 6-थायगुवानाइन एबा इतपसाइदजों एबा गैयै दाउनुरुबिसिन आरो साइथेराबाइन। For patients who do not respond to interferon, autologous or allogeneic stem, cell transplantation is the only alternative. इनतारफेरन अ’ट’लगास एबा एल’जेनिक स्टेमजों सेङै बेरामिफोरनि थाखाय जिबख्रि सोस्लाइनो मोनसेल’ राहा। For younger patients who are experiencing symptoms, the physician may consider early chemotherapy, plus allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT; autoBMT). जायफोर उन्दै बैसोनि बेरामिफोरा बेरामनि लैखोनफोराव भुगिगासिनो, देहाफाहामगिरिया आगु केमथेरापिजों लोगोसे एल’जेनिक एबा अ’ट’लगास बन मेर’ सोस्लाइनाय (एल’बि.एम.टि ; अ’ट’बि.एम.टि) खौ होनो सानजायो। Gleevec, is one of a new class of cancer drugs that disables an abnormal enzyme in the cancerous cell, kills it, but leaves healthy cells virtually untouched. ग्लिभेकआ केनसारनि गोदान मुलैफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे जाय केनसारगोना जिबख्रिनि गाज्रि एनजाइमखौ गोहोमगैयै खालामो, बिखौ फुथारो, नाथाय गुफुं जिबख्रिफोरखौ थारै जेबो खानामा। Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is an incurable, indolent blood disorder in which mutated, partly matured B cells accumulate in the bone marrow. खोमोनारि जिबख्रि लिउकेमियाया (एद्स.सि.एल) मोनसे फाहामनोहायै, गोख्रै हामरोङै थैनि जेंना जेराव सोलायजानाय, ईसे राग’नाय B-जिबख्रिफोरा बन मेर’आव ज’जायो। Hairy cell leukemia’s name is derived from the shape of the cells, which look like they are covered with short, fine, hair-shaped projections. खोमोनारि जिबख्रि लिउकेमियानि मुङा जिबख्रिफोरनि महरनिफ्राय लाबोजानाय, जायखौ नुनायाव बिसोरो गुसुं, मोजां, खोमोन-महरबायदि दाथायफोरजों खोबजानाय बायदि। High-dose post-induction chemotherapy is unlikely to be tolerated by elderly patients. बां-जखानि उन-दुंखांहोग्रा खेमथेरापिआ बैसोगोरा बेरामिफोरजों सहायजानाया नंखायखा। HLA (human leukocyte antigen) typing of all patients under age 60, as well as typing of siblings, parents, and children, if available. 60 बोसोर सिंनि गासै एद्स.एल.ए (सुबुं लिउकसाइत एन्टिजेन) रोखोमनि बेरामिफोर लोगोसे बाहागि-खुरमा, बिमा-बिफा, आरो गथ’गथाय रोखोमनि, जुदि दङब्ला। However, one in ten latent infections will progress to TB disease, which, if left untreated, kills more than half of its victims. अदेबानि, थाखोमानाय मोनजि बेरामनि मोनसेआ टि.बि बेरामसिम आवगाय लांगोन, जायखौ फाहामालाबानो दोनलांब्ला, बेनि भुगिगिरिफोरखौ खावसेनिफ्राय बांसिनखौ फुथारगोन। Hundreds of clinical trials are being planned or conducted at any given time. जायखिजाया मोनसे थिखानाय समाव जौसेनिफ्रुईबो गोबां क्लिनिकेल आनजादफोरा नाजाव जाबाय एबा मावजाबाय। If leukemia has invaded the lymph nodes at many different sites, total body irradiation (TBI) may be needed. गासै देहानि इरेदिएसन (टि.बि.आइ) नांगौ जानो हागौ जुदि लिउकेमिआया लिम्फ गान्थिफोरखौ गुबुन गुबुन जायगाफोराव गोग्लोब्बो। If possible, they should receive re-induction chemotherapy, followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplant (alloBMT). जुदि हायोब्ला, बिसोरो दुंखांहोफिन्नाय केमथेरापिनि उनाव एलजेनिक बन मेर’ सोस्लायनाय (एलल’बि.एम.टि) आजावनो नांगौ। If the patient experiences blood flow problems caused by high numbers of leukemia cells in the circulation, the physician may recommend leukapheresis, also known as apheresis, to separate out white blood cells, prior to chemotherapy. खारसारथिं बिखान्थिनि बुरजा बिबांनि लिउकेमिया जिबख्रिफोरनि जाहोनाव सासे बेरामिआ थै बोहैनायनि जेंनायाव गोग्लैदोंब्ला, देहाफाहामगिरिया केमथेरापिनि सिगां गुफुर थै सेरेबफोरखौ आलादा खालामनो, एफेरेसिस बायदियैबो मिथिजानाय, लिउकाफेरेसिसखौ बोसोन होनो हागौ। In 2004, mortality and morbidity statistics included 14.6 million chronic active TB cases, 8.9 million new cases, and 1.6 million deaths, mostly in developing countries. 2004 नि थैनाय हार आरो बेरामि आब्सथानि सानखांथायाव, गुबैयै जौगालु हादोरफोराव, 14.6 मिलियन गोब्राब जाफ्लेग्रा टि.बि बेरामफोर, 8.9 मिलियन गोदान बेरामफोर, आरो 1.6 मिलियन थैनायफोरखौ लादोंमोन। In addition, a rising number of people in the developed world are contracting tuberculosis because their immune systems are compromised by immunosuppressive drugs, substance abuse, or HIV/AIDS. लोगोसेआवनो, जौगाखां भुहुमनि बांबोनाय अनजिमानि सुबुंफोरा तिउबारकुलसिसजों गाग्लोब जादों मानोना बिसोरनि बेरामहोबथा बिखान्थिआ इमिउन’साप्रिसिब मुलैफोर, बांद्राय मुलैफोर लानाय, एबा एद्स.आइ.भि/एद्सफोरजों मिमांसायाव फैबाय। In addition, clinical trials are evaluating the potential benefits of substances such as vaccines, monoclonal antibodies (immunologic substances that can direct the patient's immune system to kill cancer cells), and hormones (e.g., growth factors, interleukins). लोगोसेआवनो, क्लिनिकेल आनजादफोरा मुवाफोर जेरैहाय तिकाफोर, म’न’क्लनेल एनटिबदिफोर(इमिउनलजिक मुवाफोर जाय केनसार जिबख्रिफोरखौ फुथारनो बेरामिनि इमिउन आदबखौ दैदेननो हायो), आरो हरमनफोर (बिदिनथि महरै, देरनाय गमस्ता, इनतारलिउखिन) नि गोहो मुलामफाफोरखौ सुगासिनो। In addition, specific treatment plans may be used, depending on the type of leukemia that has been diagnosed. लोगोआव, थि सिखितसा आसनिफोरा बाहायजानो हायो, जाय बेरामसंखाजानाय लिउकेमियानि रोखोमाव सोनारनानै। In children under 3 years of age, the anthracycline used for induction should be chosen with care, since doxorubicin produces more toxicity and related deaths than daunorubicin. 3 बोसोर बैसोनि सिङाव गथ’नाव, दाजाबफानायनि थाखाय बाहायजानाय एनथ्रासिक्लिना जोथोनजों सायखजानांगोन, मानोना दकसुरुबिसिना दाउनुरुबिसिननिफ्राय गोबां तकसिसिटि आरो गोरोथाव थैनायफोर सोमजिहोयो। In general, CML treatment options are divided into two groups: those that do not increase survival and those that do. सरासनस्रायै, सि.एम.एल सिखितसा सायख’नायफोरा मोननै हानजाफोराव रानजानाय: बैफोरो जाय थांनायखौ बांहोया आरो जायफोरो बांहोयो। In general, most oncologists rely on combinations of drugs for the initial, induction phase of chemotherapy. सरासनस्रायै, केमथेरापिनि गुदि लाफानाय खोलोबनि थाखाय मुलैफोरनि दाजाबनायफोर सायाव बांसिन अनक’ल’जिस्तफोरा सोनारो। In June of 2006, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib (Sprycel(tm)) to treat CML that does not respond to other therapy. 2006नि जुनाव, आदार आरो मुलै खुंनाय (एफ.दि.ए)आ जाय गुबुन थेरापिजों हामै  सि.एम.एलखौ फाहामनो अरेल ताइरसाइन किनेस गलहिबितर दासाटिनिबखौ (स्प्रिसेल(टि.एम)) गनायबाय। In limited cases, the patient may benefit from splenectomy (removal of the spleen). जुनिया जाथायफोराव, बेरामिया स्पेनेकतमिनिफ्राय(बिख्लोनि बोखारनाय) मुलामफा मोननो हागौ। In most cases, one round of treatment will produce a prolonged remission. बांसिन जाथायफोराव, सिखितसानि खनसे गिदिंनाया मोनसे गोबाव सोलिलांनाय हामनाय सोमजिहोयो। In the short term, especially when neutrophil counts are low, many patients also take antibiotics until their white blood cell counts have recovered to normal levels. गुसुं थिसमाव, जुनियायै जेब्ला निउत्रफिल हिसाबफोरा खम, बिसोरनि गुफुर थै सेरेब हिसाबफोरा समान थाखोसिम जाहैफिनजासिम गोबां बेरामिफोराबो एन्टिबाय’टिकफोर लायो। Individuals who are over age 75 or who have significant medical conditions can be treated effectively with low-dose ara-C. मानसिफोर, जायफोरा 75 बोसोरनि देरसिन एबा जायहा गोनां मेदिकेल थासारिफोर थानाया खम-पालि एरा-सिजों जाउनगोनाङै सिखितसा खालामजागोन। Initial treatment of AML usually begins with induction chemotherapy using a combination of drugs such as daunorubicin (DNR), cytarabine (ara-C), idarubicin, thioguanine, etoposide, or mitoxantrone, anabolic steroids. ए.एम.एलनि गुदि सिखितसाया सरासनस्रायै, लाफानाय केमथेरापिजों मुलैफोरनि एसे दाजाबनाय जेरैहाय दाउनरुबिसिन (दि.एन.आर), साइतेराबाइन (एरा-सि), इदारुबिसिन, थिवगुवानाइन, इतपसाइद, एबा मितकसेनत्रन, एनाबलिक स्तेरइडफोर बाहायनानै जागायजेनो। Leukapheresis usually takes 3 or 4 hours to complete. लिउकाफेरेसिसा सरासनस्रायै फुराजानो 3निफ्राय 4 घनटासो लायो। Leukapheresis, also known as a peripheral blood stem cell transplant, with stem cell cryopreservation (frozen storage) prior to any other treatment. लिउकाफेरेसिसा, गुबुन जायखि सिखितसानि सिगां दालाय जिबख्रि क्राइवप्रिजारबेसनजों (सुग्लिनाय दोनथुमग्रा), मोनसे पेरिफेरेल थै दालाय जिबख्रि सोस्लायनाय बायदियैबो मिथिजानाय। Many different chemotherapeutic plans are available for the treatment of AML. गाबां गुबुन केमथेरापिउतिक आसनिफोरा ए.एम.एलनि सिखितसानि थाखाय थोजासे। Many induction trials have produced good results using combinations of cytarabine (ara-C) plus an anthracycline (e.g., daunorubicin, doxorubicin). गोबां लाफानाय आनजादफोरा साइतेराबाइन (एरा-सि) लोगोयाव मोनसे एनथ्रासाइक्लिन (बिदिनथि महरै, दाउनरुबिसिन, दकसरुबिसिन)नि दाजाबनायफोर बाहायनानै मोजां फिनजाथायफोर दिहुनबाय Most oncologists base CLL treatment upon both the stage and symptoms of the patient. बांसिन अनक’ल’जिस्तफोरा बेरामिनि मोननैबो थाखो आरो लैखोनफोरनि सायाव सिएलएल सिकितसाखौ बिथा खालामो। New drugs that are being studied in clinical trials of CML include homoherringtonine with interferon-alpha (INF-a), paclitaxel (Taxol), QS21 (a plant extract that heightens immune responses), and amifostin (a chemical that lessens some side effects of chemotherapy). गोदान मुलैफोर जायफोरा सि.एम.एलनि क्लिनिकेल आनजादराफोराव बिजिरजानाया इनतारफेरनजों ह’म’हेरिंतनाइन (आइ.एन.एप- ए), पेकलितेकसेल (तेकसल), किउ.एस21 (फांसे बिबाङानि बिदै जाय इमिउन फिनजाथायफोरखौ बाराखालामो), आरो एमिउसतिन (मोनसे रासायनिक जाय केमथेरापिनि माखासे गाज्रि फिनजाथायफोरखौ खमायो। Not everyone infected develops the full-blown disease; asymptomatic, latent TB infection is most common. साफ्रामबो सनदेरजानाया फुरा-जाखांनाय बेरामखौ जौगाखांहोया; नुजायै टि.बि सनदेरनाया बांसिन सरासनस्रा। Once the patient is in remission, he or she will receive consolidation or maintenance therapy, for example, consolidation therapy with high-dose ara-C (HDAC) with/without anthracycline drugs). खेबसे बेरामिया हामबोयो, बियो गोख्रोंखालामनाय आरो मोजांलाखिनाय थेरापि आजावगोन, बिदिनथि महरै, एनथ्रासाइक्लिनजों/गैयाबालानो गोबां-पालि एरा-C (एद्स.दि.ए.सि)जों गोख्रोंखालामनाय थेरापि। One treatment that does impact on CML survival is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, the use of high dose chemotherapy and radiation followed by infusion of a donor bone marrow. मोनसे सिखितसा, सासे होग्रा बन मेर’नि गलायनायजों मानिनानै जाय सि.एम.एल थांनाय सायाव गोहोमखोखलैनाया जादों एललजेनियाक बन मेर’ सोस्लायनाय, गोबां पालिनि केमथेरापि आरो बिदुं हगारनाय बाहायनाय। Other cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy, attack healthy cells as well as cancer cells, leaving patients with unpleasant and often severe side effects. गुबुन केनसार थेरापिफोरा, जेरैहाय केमथेरापिआ, देहागोनां जिबख्रि लोगोसे केनसार जिबख्रिखौ गाग्लोबो, गोजोनगैयै आरो फ्राय गोब्राब गाज्रि-जाउनफोरजों बेरामिखौ गालांनानै। Other mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium canetti, and Mycobacterium microti can also cause tuberculosis, but these species do not usually infect healthy adults. गुबुन माइकबेकतेरियाम जेरैहाय माइकबेकतेरियाम बभिस, माइकबेकतेरियाम एफ्रिकेनाम, माइकबेकतेरियाम केनेतति, आरो माइकबेकतेरियाम माइक्रतियाबो थिउबारकुलसिस जाहोनो हागौ, नाथाय बे रोखोमफोरा सरासनस्रायै देहागोनां बैसोगोराफोरखौ गाग्लोबा। Other treatments include rituximab infusion or self-injection with Interferon-alpha. गुबुन सिखितसाफोरा बायदिप्रटिन-आलफाजों रिटुकसिमेब गलायनाय एबा गाव-बेजि हानाय सरजाबफायो। Over one-third of the world's population has been exposed to the TB bacterium, and new infections occur at a rate of one per second. थाम बाहागोनि से बांसिन भुहुमनि सुबुं अनजिमाया टि.बि बेकतेरियामजों पोसावजाबाय, आरो गोदान सनदेरनायफोरा मोनफ्रोमबो से secondनि मोनसे हाराव नुजायो। Overall, the strategy is to control bone marrow and systemic (whole-body) disease while offering specific treatment for the central nervous system (CNS), if involved. गासै, सरजाबफायोब्ला, आदबखायदाया बन मेर’ आरो central nervous system(सि.एन.एस)नि थि सिखितसा जासिनायाव सरासनस्रा (फुरा-देहा) बेराम होबथानो। Patients of Hairy cell leukemia engage in "watchful waiting" with routine bloodwork and exams every three to six months to monitor disease progression and identify any new symptoms. Patients who need treatment, which includes most newly diagnosed HCL cases, usually receive either cladribine or pentostatin, which are both in a class of chemotherapeutic drugs known as purine analogs or nucleosides. बेरामिफोर जाय सिखितसानि गोनां, जाय बयनिख्रुइबो गोदानै बेरामसंजानाय एद्स.सि.एल जाथायफोर सरजाबफायो, सरासनस्रायै क्लेद्रिबाइन नङाब्ला पेनतसतेतिन मोननो, जायफोरा मोननैबो केमथेरापिउतिक मुलैफोरनि मोनसे थाखोयाव दं पिउरिन एनालग एबा निउक्लिवसाइडफोर बायदियै मिथिजानाय। Patients with advanced-phase disease may be treated with cytotoxic drugs. जौगाखांनाय-थाखो बेराम थानाय बेरामिफोरखौ साइतुतकसिक मुलैफोरजों फाहामनो हायो। Patients with hairy cell leukemia who are symptom-free typically do not receive immediate treatment. खोमोनगोनां जिबख्रि लिउकेमिया थानाय बेरामिफोरा, बांसिनानो जायफोरा लोइखोन-गैयै हरखाब सिखितसा मोना। Patients with newly diagnosed disease also may be considered for stem cell transplantation (SCT), either from the bone marrow or other sources. गोदानै बेरामसंजानाय बेराम थानाय बेरामिफोरखौबो दालाय जिबख्रि सोस्लायनायनि (एस.सि.टि) थाखाय गोथौवै सानजायो, बन मेर’ नङाब्ला गुबुन ओंखारनाय जायगानिफ्राय। People who receive stem cell transplantation (SCT, alloBMT) require protective isolation in the hospital, including filtered air, sterile food, and sterilization of the microorganisms in the gut, until their total white blood cell (WBC) count is above 500. जाय सुबुंफोरा दालाय जिबख्रि सोस्लायनाय आजावो (एस.सि.टि, एलल’बि.एम.टि), जेब्लासिम बिसोरनि गासै गुफुर थै सेरेब(दाब्लिउ.बि.सि) हिसाबा 500नि बांसिन देहाफाहामसालियाव रैखाथिगोनां आइसलेसन नांगौ, लोगोसे साब-सिखोन बार, sterile आदार, आरो gut याव माइक्रअरगेनिजोमफोरखौ बिजानुगैयै खालामनाय। People with intermediate or advanced disease may be helped by participation in a clinical trial. गेजेरनि एबा जौगाखांनाय बेराम थानाय सुबुंफोरा मोनसे क्लिनिकेल आनजादाव बाहागोलानायजों हेफाजाब होजानो हागौ। Pre-treatment fertility measures (e.g., cryopreservation of semen prior to treatment; completion of a pregnancy prior to treatment) in young patients who have not completed their families. उनदैबैसोनि बेरामिफोरनाव आगु-सिखितसा fertility राहाफोर (जेरै, सिखितसानि सिगां semenनि क्राइवप्रिजारबेसन; सिखितसानि सिगां गोरबोयाव थानायनि आबुं जानाय) जायहा बिसोरनि नखरफोरखौ फुरा खालामाखै। Recent findings also suggest that low-dose cytarabine (ara-C), in combination with interferon, may be more beneficial than interferon alone. बावैसो नागिरना मोननायफोराबो बोसोहोदों दि बायदिप्रटिन जों लोगोयाव, खम-पालि साइताराबाइना (आरा-C) बायदिप्रटिनल’निफ्राय बांसिन मुलामफागोनां जानो हागौ। Recurrent Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) patients usually do not benefit from additional chemotherapy alone. जालुबायथानाय एकिउट लिमफसाइतिक लिउकेमिया(ए.एल.एल) बेरामिफोरा सरासनस्रायै होफादेरनाय केमथेरापिल’निफ्राय मुलामफा मोना। Significant research into the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of leukemia is being done. जोहोनफोर, बेरामसंनाय, सिखितसा, आरो लिउकेमियानि लोइखोन सायाव गोनां नायबिजिरनाया खालामजाबाय। Studies may focus on effective means of treatment, better ways of treating the disease, improving the quality of life for patients, or appropriate care in remission or after cures. बिजिरनायफोरा सिखितसानि जाउनगोनां राहा, बेरामखौ फाहामनायनि हामसिन राहा, बेरामिफोरनि जिउनि गुनखौ जौगाहोनाय, एबा हामनाय एबा फाहामनायनि उनफोराव अरजाथाव जोथोन सायाव नोजोर होनोहागौ। Studies suggest that people with Stage A CLL (that is, individuals who have fewer than three areas of enlarged lymphoid tissue) do not benefit from early treatment. बिजिरनायफोरा बोसोनहोदों दि थाखो ए सि.एल.एल (जेरै, सुबुंफोर जायहा बुखांनाय लिमफयद बिदामनि मोनथाम जायगाफोरनिफ्राय एसेल’ दं)नि सुबुंफोरा आगु सिखितसानिफ्राय मुलामफा मोना। Such combination chemotherapy usually offers the benefits of early remission (lessening of the disease) and a lower risk of disease resistance. बेबायदि दाजाबफानाय केमथेरापिआ सरासनस्रयै सिगां हामनायनि मुलामफा (बेरामनि खमायनाय) आरो बेरामनि गोहो एसे खमायनाय बिबान जासियो। Symptoms that are related to enlargement of the lymph nodes in one area or an overgrown spleen may be treated by localized, low-dose radiotherapy or surgical management by splenectomy (removal of the spleen). जायफोरा मोनसे जायगा एबा मोनसे बाराजाबोनाय बिख्लोयाव लिम्फ गानथिफोरनि बुखांनायजों सोमोनदो गोनां लोइखोनफोरा ओनसोलारि खालामनायजों, स्फ्लेनेकतमिजों(बिख्लोनि बोखारनाय) खम-फालि रेदिवथेरापि एबा सारजिखोल सामलायनाय। TB incidence varies widely, even in neighboring countries, apparently because of differences in health care systems. टि.बि जाथाया गुवारै रोखोम रोखोम जायो, नसुंसेर हादोरफोरावबो, राखायै देहा जोथोन खानथियाव फारागथिफोरनि थाखाय। The challenge of treating newly diagnosed Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is to determine the best overall strategy to control the disease. गोदानै बेरामसंजानाय गोब्राब मायइल’गेनास लिउकेमिया(सि.एम.एल) सिकितसा खालमनायनि जुजिनाया बेरामखौ होबथानो गासै हामसिन आदब-खायदाखौ थि खालामनो। The emergence of drug-resistant strains has also contributed to this new epidemic with, from 2000 to 2004, 20% of TB cases being resistant to standard treatments and 2% resistant to second-line drugs. 2000 निफ्राय 2004 सिम, मुलै-होबथाग्रा फोलेरफोरनि नुजानायाबो बे गोदान माहामारि फारसे, 20% टि.बि जाथायफोरनि The patient's blood is passed through a machine that removes the stem cells and then returns the blood to the patient. बेरामिनि थैआ मोनसे आयजेंनि गेजेरजों गलाङो जाय दालाय जिबख्रिफोरखौ बोखारो आरो उनाव बेरामिनि थैयाव हाबफिननो। The rise in HIV infections and the neglect of TB control programs have enabled a resurgence of tuberculosis. एद्स.आइ.भि सनदेरनायफोर आरो टि.बि होबथा हाबाफारिफोरखौ नेवसिनायाव बांलांनाया थिउबारखुलसिसनि खामानिमावग्राखौ सोमजिहोबाय। The stem cells may or may not be treated with drugs to kill any cancer cells. दालाय जिबख्रिफोरा जेखि केनसार जिबख्रिफोरखौ मुलैफोरजों फोथैनो सिखितसा खलामजायो एबा जायाबो जानोहागौ। The stem cells then are stored until they are transplanted back into the patient. दालाय जिबख्रिफोरा उनाव दोनथुमजायो जेब्लासिम बिसोरो बेरामिनाव सोस्लायफिनजाया। These treatments are not typically given as the first treatment for a new patient because their success rates are lower than cladribine or pentostatin. बेफोर सिकितसाफोरा सासे गोदान बेरामिनि थाखाय गिबि सिखितसा बायदियै नेरसोनथि होजाया मानोना बिसोरनि जाफुंनाय हारफोरा क्लेद्रिबाइन एबा पेनतस्तेथिननिफ्राय खमसिन। They are treated with drugs used in the management of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) - that is, prednisone, vincristine, and daunorubicin, with or without L-asparaginase. एकिउट लिमफसाइथिक लिउकेमियानि (ए.एल.एल) सामलायनायाव बाहायजानाय मुलैफोरजों बिसोरो सिखितसा खालामजायो – जेरै, प्रेदनिसन, भिनक्रिसताइन, आरो दाउनरुबिचिन, एल-एसपारागिनेसजों एबा गैयाबालानो। They may be less able to tolerate the septicemia (blood poisoning) associated with granulocytopenia, and they often have higher rates of myelodysplastic ('preleukemia') syndrome (MDS). बिसोरो जानो हागौ ग्रानुलसाइतपेनियाजों गोरोबफानाय सेपताइसमिया(थै poisoning), आरो बिसोरहा फ्राय मायइलदिसप्लासथिक (‘प्रिलिउकेमिया’) लोइखोननि (एम.दि.एस) गोबां हारफोरा दं। They often are used to control blood counts in patients who cannot undergo SCT or who do not respond to interferon therapy because of age or medical considerations. गले गले बिसोर बेरामिफोरनाव थै हिसाबफोरखौ सामलायनो बाहायजायो जाय एस.सि.टि लोनो हाया एबा जाय interferon थेरापिजों गोरोबनो हाया बैसो एबा मेदिखेल हिसाबै नायनायफोरनि जाहोनाव। This procedure removes the chromosomal abnormality in a large percentage of patients and for them is curative. बे मावखानथिया बेरामिफोरनि गोबां जौखोनदोयाव क्रम’जमारि थिखनङैखौ बोखारो आरो बिसोरनि थाखाय सोखानोहाथाव। This procedure will determine whether a compatible donor is available for stem cell transplantation. मोदोम जिबख्रि सोस्लायनायनि थाखाय सासे मिलगोनां थैहोग्राया दं ना गैया बे मावखानथिया थि खालामगोन। Treatment is generally considered necessary when the patient shows signs and symptoms such as low blood cell counts, frequent infections, unexplained bruises, anemia, or fatigue that is significant enough to disrupt the patient's everyday life. सिखितसाया सरासनस्रायै गोनां सानजायो जेब्ला बेरामिया गाहाय थै जिबख्रि हिसाबफोर, सनदेरनाय जालुबायथानाय, बुंसहायै दोलाबनाय, एनेमिया, एबा मेंग्लिनाय बायदियै नेरसोनफोर आरो लोइखोनफोर दिनथियो जाया बेरामिफोरनि सानफ्रामबो जिउखौ हेंथाहोनो थोजासे सानजाथाव Treatment of central nervous system leukemia, if present, may involve injection of chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., cytarabine or ara-C, methotrexate) into the areas around the brain and spinal cord. central nervous system leukemia नि सिखितसाया, जुदि दङब्ला, मेलेम आरो spinal cord सोरगिदिं area फोर सिङाव केमथेरापिउतिक मुलैफोरनि(जेरै चाइथाराबाइन एबा आरा-C, मेथ’थ्रेजेत) बेजि होफादेरनो हायो। Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis) is a common and deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. टिउबारखुलसिसया(टिउबारर्कल् बसिलास एबा टिउबारखुलसिसनि थाखाय टि.बि बायदि सुंद’ खालामजानाय) माइखबेकथेरिया, जिनियायै माइखबेकथेरियाम टिउबारखुलसिसजों सोमजिहोजानाय मोनसे सरासनस्रा आरो गिख्रांथाव बारदेरग्रा बेराम। Tuberculosis most commonly attacks the lungs (as pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the circulatory system, the genitourinary system, bones, joints and even the skin. टिउबारखुलसिसया सरासनस्रायै बांसिन संफ्ल’फोरखौ(पालमनारि टि.बि बायदि) नारख्रेबो नाथाय मिरु बिसोम बिखानथि, लिमफेतिक बिखानथि, खारसारनाय बिखानथि, जेनितरइनारि बिखानथि, बेगें, गानथिफोर आरो बिगुरखौबो गोहोम खोख्लैयो। Unfortunately, it is estimated that only 7% of all AML patients will be cured using this procedure. दुखुनांथावै, बियो हमनालाजादोंमोन दि गासै ए.एम.एल बेरामिफोरनि 7% आल’ बे मावखानथिखौ बाहायनानै फाहामजागोन। Unlike any other leukemia, HCL is characterized by low white blood cell counts. जिखुनुजा गुबुन लिउकेमिया बाइदि नङा, ओइससिएलआ खम गुफुर थै जिबख्रि बिबांफोरजों महर होजायो। Until recently, the treatment plans and responses of children with AML did not differ much from those of adults. बावैसोहालागै, ए.एम.एलजों सिखितसा बिथांखिफोर आरो गथ’नि फिननायफोरा माखासे बासोगोराफोरनिफ्राय गोबां फाराग थायाखै। Whatever the plan, it is important for the patient to understand the treatment that is being given and the decision-making process behind the choice. बिथांखिया जेखियानोजाया, बेरामिफोरनि थाखाय जाया सिखितसाखौ होजाखांखाबाय आरो सायखनायनि उनाव मिमांसा-लानाय फारिखानथिखौ बुजिनो बेयो गोनां। When the blood platelets are affected, it is called immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, in which a decreased numbers of platelets may lead to bleeding. जेब्ला थै प्लेतेलेटफोरा गोहोम खोखलैजायो, बेयो इमिउन-मेदिएथेथ थ्रमबसाइटपेनिया बुंजायो, जेराव प्लेतेलेटफोरनि खमायनाय अनजिमाफोरा थै गलांनाय सोमजिहोनो हागौ। When the red blood cells are affected, the condition is known as immunohemolytic anemia, characterized by decreased numbers of red blood cells, which may cause fatigue, dizziness, and shortness of breath. जेब्ला गोजा थै जिबख्रिफोरा गोहोम खोखलैजायो, थासारिया इमिउनहेम’लाइथिक एनेमिया बायदियै मिथिजायो, गोजा थै जिबख्रिफोरनि खमायनाय अनजिमाफोरजों फोरमायजानाय, जाय मेंग्लिनाय, ख’र’गिदिंनाय, आरो हां सरथेनाय जाहोनो हागौ। Yet new, more intensive induction and consolidation treatments have resulted in higher remission rates and prolonged survivals. दासिमबो गोदान, गोबां गुवार दाजाबफानाय आरो गोख्रों खालामनाय सिखितसाफोरा बांसिन खमायनाय हारफोर आरो गोलाव साम थांनायाव नुजाथिबाय। A survey of 6,000 primary care physicians in seven countries revealed disparities in several areas that affect quality of care. मोनस्नि हादोरफोराव 6,000 गुदि जोथोन फिजिसियानफोरनि मोनसे नायदिंनाया गोबां जायगाफोराव फारागथिफोरखौ फोरमायथिदोंमोन जाय जोथोननि गुनखौ गोहोम खोखलैदोंमोन। Agencies have the flexibility to define this protocol within their continuity of operations plan guidelines. एजेनसिफोरहा गावसोरनि सोलिबायथानाय अपारेसोन बिथांखि बिथोनफोरनि सिङाव थानानै बे protocolखौ बुंफुरथिनो राहा दं। Agencies may require certification of fitness to work from a health care provider. एजेनसिफोरनो खामानि मावनो सासे देहा जोथोन होगिरिनिफ्राय fitness नि गनायथिबिलाइ नांगौ जानो हागौ। Agency heads are authorized to establish immediate telework arrangements, bypassing the normal requirements, as outlined in the agency internal teleworking policy and procedures, during the declared emergency. All countries suffer from maldistribution characterized by urban concentration and rural deficits. गासै हादोरफोरानो सोहोरारि गोसोहोनाय आरो गामियारि आंखालफोरजों महर होजानाय मेलदिसत्रिबिउसनाव भुगियो। Alternative workers may include current employees who are not designated as mandatory but who possess the skills to fill in for mandatory employees, retirees, contract workers or other temporary employees. सोलायसल मावथिफोरा सरजाबफानो हागौ बोहैथि मावथिफोर जायफोरखौ mandatory महरै बिमुं होनाय जाया नाथाय जायफोराह mandatory मावथिफोरनि जायगाखौ आबुं खालामनो हानाय रोंगुन थागोन, आजिरामोनगिरिफोर, कनत्रेक मावथिफोर एबा गुबुन समब्रा समब्रि मावथिफोर। Although all efforts should be made to allow non-mandatory employees to work from an alternative location, it may not always be possible. जुदिबो non-mandatory मावथिफोरखौ मोनसे सोलाय-सोल जायगानिफ्राय खामानि मावहोनो नाजानाय जायो, बेयो गासैबो समाव जाथावना जायाबो जानो हागौ। Among the most important is the need to extend quality health care to all sectors of the population. जोबोर गोनांथिया जादों सुबुं अनजिमानि गासै खोलोबफोराव गुन गोनां देहा जोथोनखौ फुवारनायनि गोनांथि। An agency may choose to practice social distancing by use of alternate worksites or teleworking. मोनसे एजेनसिया सोलाय-सोल मावथिलिफोर एबा तेलिवारकिं बाहायनायजों समाजारि फारागथि खालामनाय सरसाखालामनो सायखनो हागौ। An emergency lay-off may be declared if the agency remains totally closed or partially closed for an indefinite period of time due to the public health emergency. एजेनसिया आबुङै एबा रायजो-राजाफोरनि देहा हरखाबथियाव मोनसे थि समनि थाखाय बनध जायोब्ला मोनसे हरखाबथिया फोसावजानो हागौ। An emergency layoff is a temporary separation from payroll because funds are not available, work is not available or because of another emergency situation requiring employees to remain away from the worksite. मोनसे हरखाब बनधया बेथनखाथानिफ्राय खायसे समनि थाखाय जानगारना थानायलसो मानोना रांथुबिला थोजासे नंलिया, खामानिया थोजासे गैलिया एबा गुबुन मोनसे हरखाब थासारियाव मावथिफोर नांगौ जानायाव मावथिलिनिफ्राय जानगाराव थानांनायनि थाखाय। An employee shall not be paid for leave at the time of the emergency lay-off; however, vacation and sick leave will continue to accrue during the lay-off to be credited to the employee’s account upon return from the lay-off. Another tip is to crush tulsi paan and add a few drops of honey to this paste. गुबुन मोनसे बिथोना जादों तुलसि पान देग्लिनाय आरो बे पेस्तयाव थरथिंनैसो बेरेमोदै दाजाबदेरनाय। Arrangements for after-hours care were almost twice as common in the Netherlands, Germany and New Zealand as in Canada and the United States, where patients must rely on emergency facilities. Deer mice have a white underbelly and their droppings are brown, rough and look like whole peppercorns. Deer एनजरफोरहा गुफुर उदै दं आरो बिसोरनि खिफोरा brown, गोरा आरो जालुक बेगर बादि नुयो। Deer mice have been trapped in homes and outbuildings within the Capital Health Region, but they are more common in rural areas. केपितेल हेल्थ रिजोननि सिङाव deer एनजरफोरखौ न आरो न बायजोफोराव हमनाय जादों, नाथाय बिसोर गामि ओनसोलफोराव बांसिन सरासनस्रा। Developing countries face an even more critical disparity in primary care practitioners. जौगाफु हादोरफोरा गुदि जोथोन मावथिफोरनि बिथिङाव बांसिन गोब्राब जेंना मोगा मोगि जानाङो। Differences did not follow trends of the cost of care; primary care physicians in the United States lagged behind their counterparts in other countries, despite the fact that the US spends two to three times as much per capita. फारागथिफोरा जोथोननि मुलामफानि बोहैथि दाहारखौ उनहोसोयाखैमोन; जथाय हादोरयाव गुदि जोथोन गेहागिरिफोरा गावसोरनि counterpartफोरखौ गुबुन हादोरफोराव उन खोखलैदोंमोन, सैथो खोथादि आमेरिकाया मोनफ्रोम केपितायाव नै-थाम गुन खरसा खालामो। During an emergency layoff, employees who are laid off are entitled to participate in the State Health Plan. State agencies shall pay the employer contribution. हरखाब बनध समाव, बनधयाव थानाय मावथिफोरखौ हादोरसा देहा बिथांखियाव मुं थिसननाय जायो। हादारसा एजेनसिफोरा मावथिनि हेफाजाबखौ सुख’गोन। Each agency head shall predetermine and designate mandatory operations and designate the employees to staff these operations. साफ्रोमबो एजेनसि गाहाया मेनदेतरि अपारेसोनफोरखौ आगुथिरांथा आरो थिखालामगोन आरो बेफोर अपारेसोनफोरखौ दैदेननो मावथिफोरखौ बिबान होगोन। Each situation will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis to determine appropriate action. गोरोबथाव खामानिखौ थिरांथा खालामनो मोनफ्रोमबो थासारिखौ जाथाय लायै जाथाय नायसंफिननाय जागोन। Each state agency will likewise adhere to any communicable disease orders of the State or local public health agencies to prevent transmission of a communicable disease. बेबादिनो मोनफ्रोमबो हादोरसा एजेनसिया बारदेरनाय बेरामनि बारस्लायथिखौ होबथानो हादोरसानि जायखि जाया बारदेरनाय बेराम बिथोनफोर एबा जायगायारि समाजारि देहा एजेनसिफोरजों नांथाबबाय थागोन। Employees designated as mandatory personnel shall be notified of such designation and the requirement to report for, or remain at, work in emergency situations. मेनदेतरि सुबुं महरै बिमुं होजानाय मावथिफोरखौ बेफोरबादि बिमुंजों सिनायथि होनाय जागोन आरो हरखाब थासारिफोराव खामानियाव थाथनायनि फोरमायथिनि गोनांथि। Employees required to work shall receive regular pay. खामानि मावनो नांगौ जानाय मावथिफोरा रिगुलार बेथन आजावगोन। Employees who are on prearranged vacation leave or sick leave shall charge leave to the appropriate account until the end of the scheduled days off. लाहार फाहार खलामखानाय बनध सुथि एबा बेराम सुथियाव थानाय मावथिफोरा थिखानाय बनध सानफोरा जोबैसिम थि हिसाब बादियै सुथि दाबिनो हागोन। Employees who have symptoms of a communicable disease and are required to stay home or who are ill with the communicable disease should be cautioned not to return to work until they are sure that they are fully recovered. बारस्लायनाय बेरामनि लोइखोन गोनां आरो नयाव थानो नांनाय एबा बारस्लायनाय बेरामाव भुगिनांनाय मावथिफोरा बिसोर आबुङै हामथारनायखौ रोखायै मोनथियैसिम खामानियाव थांनाङैयाव हुसियार जानांगौ। Experience over the last 27 years shows that health system that adhere to the principles of primary health care produce greater efficiency and better health outcomes in terms of both individual and public health. थांनाय 27 बोसोरनि रोंमोनदांथिया दिनथियोदि गुदि देहा जोथोननि बोसोनखानथिफोराव नांथाबना थानाय देहा खानथिया गावयारि आरो समाज देहानि बिथिङाव बांसिन हागुन आरो साबसिन देहा जाउनफोर सोमजिहोयो। Growing gaps will exert even greater pressure on the outflow of health workers from poorer regions. समफारागथिफोर बांनाया निखावरिसिन ओनसोलफोरनिफ्राय देहा मावथिफोर खमायलांनायाव बांसिनसो नारसिनथाय सोमजिहोगोन। Hantavirus is breathed in when small particles that contain the virus become airborne. जेब्ला जिउसा गोनां फिसा मुवाफोरा बारजों गोरोबो हानताभाइरासा हांजों हाबलाङो। Hantavirus is spread to people from deer mice who are infected with the virus or from their droppings, urine or saliva. हानताभाइरासा deer एनजरफोरनिफ्राय एबा बिसोरनि खिफोर, हासुदै एबा खुगाबिजलानिफ्राय जिउसाजों सनदेरजानाय मानसिफोरनाव गोसारो। Heat some coconut oil with powdered camphor and allow it to cool down to a lukewarm state. गुनदै केमफरजों एसे नारेंखल थाव फुदुं आरो बेखौ दुंबुर थासारिसिम सुग्लायनो हो। Heat the ball of cloth with an iron or 'tawa' and place it gently on your child's chest. मोनसे लहा एबा ‘ताव’जों हिनि बल फुदुं आरो बेखौ आरामै नोंनि गथ’नि बिखायाव दोन। Humidifiers help too, but if you don't have one, place a wide pot filled with water in your child's bedroom. हिउमिदिफायारफोराबो हेफाजाब होगोन, नाथाय जुदि नोंहा मोनसेबो गैयाब्ला, नोंनि गथ’नि उनदुनाय खथायाव दैजों आबुं मोनसे गुवार दो लाखि। I have tried this on my ten-month-old son, and it really works. आं बेखौ आंनि जि दान-बैसोनि फिसालानाव नाजाखांबाय, आरो थारैनो बेयो खामानि होयो। I have used this effective remedy for my 14 month old when he had a cold. आं बे जाउनगोनां सिकितसाखौ आंनि 14 दान बैसो गथ’नाव बाहायखांबाय जेब्ला बियो गगा मोनदोंमोन। If a non-mandatory employee elects to work when the agency is closed, the employee shall not receive additional pay. एजेनसिया बनध जानाय समाव, जुदि सासे mandatory नङै मावथिया खामानि मावनो सायखयो, मावथिया उफेरा बेथन मोननाय नङा। If a reduction-in force should occur before the employee returns, the vacation leave accumulated while on lay-off shall be paid along with other unused vacation/bonus leave that was on hand at the time of the layoff. If adjustments need to be made, they shall be made in the next paycheck after returning to work, depending on payroll deadlines for that pay period. गोरोबहोनायफोरखौ खालामनांगौब्ला, खामानियाव गिदिंबोफिननायनि उनाव बेफोरखौ नैथि पेसेकाव खालामनाय जागोन, बै बेथेन समनि पेरल थिखानायसमफोरनि सायाव सोनारनानै। If agency management believes that an employee has symptoms associated with a communicable disease, management may require the employee not to report to work and to use any available compensatory leave, sick leave, vacation leave or bonus leave. सासे मावथिहा बारस्लायनाय बेरामजों सोमोनदो गोनां लोइखोनफोर दं होनना एजेनसि सामलायथिया फोथायोब्ला, सामलायथिनो मावथिया खामानि मावनायनि फोरमान होनांगौनि आरो उफेरा सुथि, बेराम सुथि, बनध सुथि एबा बनास सुथि बाहायनांगौनि गोनांथि जाया। If funds are not available, the employee shall be granted the additional half-time pay at a later date or one-half compensatory time. रांथुबिलाफोरा थोजासे गैयाब्ला, मावथिनो उन समाव उफेरा खावसे-सम बेथन एबा से-खावसे उफेरा सम अनसुंथायनाय जागोन। If leave is not available, leave shall be advanced and paid back within 24 months. सुथिया थोजासे गैयाब्ला, सुथिखौ होग्रोखानाय जागोन आरो 24 दाननि गेजेराव सुखफिननाय जागोन। If mandatory personnel are required to remain at the worksite for an extended period of time, the agency or university will provide adequate housing and food. Mandatory सुबुङा मावथिलियाव मोनसे बारायनाय समनि थाखाय थानो गोनां जायोब्ला, एजेनसि एबा भुमफरायसालियास थोजासे न आरो आदार जगायगोन। If quarantined, it is the employees’ responsibility to provide the agency with a written verification from a Public Health official. जुदि कुवारेनताइन खालामजायो, एजेनसिनो पाब्लिक हेल्त मावख’निफ्राय गांसे लिरनाय फोरमानथि होनाया मावथिफोरनि बिबान। If the employee becomes ill and it is determined to be work related in accordance with the Workers’ Compensation Act, the Workers’ Compensation Policy applies. जुदि मावथिया लोमजायो आरो बेखौ वारकार्स कमपेनसेसोन एक्त लेखायै खामानिजों लोबबागोनां थिरांथा खालामनाय जायो, वारकार्स कमपेनसेसोन पलिसिया बाहाय जायो। If the employee is isolated or becomes ill as result of off-the-job exposure, the Sick Leave Policy applies. जुदि मावथिया नेवसिजायो एबा खामानियाव ओंखारबाय थानांनायनि जाउन महरै लोमजायो, सिक लिभ पलिसिया बाहाय जायो। If you have cough/congestion, add a tablespoon of honey and the juice of half a lemon to a glass of warm water. जुदि नोंहा गुजुनाय/गनथं होथेनाय जायो गिलाससे दुंबुर दैयाव सामुससे बेरेमोदै आरो खावसे खारजिनि रोसि दाजाबदेर। In 1998, half of internal medicine residents chose primary care, but by 2006, over 80% became specialists or hospitalists. 1998 याव मुलैजों सोमोनदो गोनां खावसे नखरफोरा गुदि जोथोनखौ सायखदोंमोन, नाथाय 2006 याव 80 जौखोनदोनिबो बारासिना स्पेसिएलिस्त एबा हसपितालिस्तफोर जाहैदोंमोन। In 2004, the median income of specialists in the US was twice that of PCPs, and the gap is widening. 2004 याव आमरिकायाव स्पेसिएलिस्तफोरनि गर मुलामफाया पि.सि.पिफोरनि नैगुन जादोंमोन, आरो फारागथिया गुवार जादों। In case of a public health emergency, the Governor has broad powers to issue an emergency order to protect the public health. सुबुं समजा देहा हरखाबथिनि बुब्लियाव, होदोरबेंगिरिहा सुबुं समाज देहाखौ रैखाथि होनो थाखाय मोनसे हरखाबथि हुकुम होनो गुवार गोहोफोर थायो। In health systems, (primary care) workers function as gatekeepers and navigators for the effective, or wasteful, application of all other resources such as drugs, vaccines and supplies. देहा बिखानथिफोराव, (गुदि जोथोन) मावथिफोरा जाउनगोनां, एबा उदायै, गुबुन गोबां फुंखाफोर जेरै मुलै, भेकसिनफोर आरो जगानफोरनिथाखाय गेतनेगिरि आरो नेभिगेतरफोर महरै खामानि मावो। In many countries, the skills of limited yet expensive professionals are not well matched to the local profile of health needs. गोबां हादोरफोराव, खम रोंगुनगोनां नाथाय बेसेनगोसा professionalफोरा देहा गोनांथिफोरनि जायगायारि फारिलाइयाव मोजाङै गोरोबा। In order to minimize transmission from person to person, each agency should have in place a Social Distancing Policy to implement immediately upon orders from the Governor and/or Public Health officials. मानसिनिफ्राय मानसिनिसिम बारस्लायथिखौ खमायनो थाखाय मोनफ्रोमबो एजेनसिहा रायजोबेंगिरि आरो/एबा रायजोयारि देहा मावख’फोरनिफ्राय होनाय बिथोनफोरखौ हरखाबै बाहायनो ससिएल दिसतेनसिं पलिसि थानांगोन। In the absence of such an order, the agency head shall consult with local/State Public Health officials to determine the severity of the individual situation and to determine what actions shall be taken. बेफोरबादि बिथोनफोर गोयैयाव, एजेनसि गाहाया गावयारि थासारि गाज्रिसिन जानायखौ थिरांखालामनो आरो मा राहा लानाय जागोन थिरांखालामनो जायगायारि/हादोरसा रायजोयारि देहा मावख’यारिफोरजों राज्लायगोन। In the United States, the number of medical students entering family practice training dropped by 50% between 1997 and 2005. आमेरिकायाव, 1997 आरो 2005 निगेजेराव नखरारि सरसा फोरोंथायाव हाबनाय मेदिकेल फरायसाफोरनि अनजिमाया 50% खमायदोंमोन। Individuals designated as mandatory employees may be subject to disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment, for willful failure to report for or remain at work. Make sure the cloth isn't so hot, that it would burn your baby's skin. हिया बांद्राय गुदुं जानाङा रोखा जाखा, मानोना बेयो नोंनि खुदियानि बिगुरखौ खामनो हागौ। Management shall immediately notify the local health department. सामलायथिया थाबैनो जायगायारि देहा भिफाननो मिथिहोगोन। Management shall inform employees and employees shall inform management of any evidence of a communicable disease that could seriously endanger the health of others in the workplace. बारदेरथाव बेरामनि जायखि जाया फोरमानखौ सामलायथिया मावथिफोरनो आरो मावथिफोरा सामलायथिनो खौरां होगोन जाय मावथिलिनि गुबुनफोरनि देहाखौ गाज्रियै खैफोद खालामनो हागौ। Management should stress to employees that they will not be penalized for using their leave, thereby encouraging those with symptoms associated with a communicable disease to stay home so that they do not infect other employees. सामलायथिया मावथिफोरखौ मोनथि होनांगौदि बिसोर बिसोरनि सुथिखौ बाहायनायनि थाखाय साजा होजानाय नङा, बेबादियै बारदेरथाव बेरामनि लोइखोन गोनां मानसिफोरखौ नयाव थानो थुलुंगा होयो जाहाथे बिसोर गुबुन मावथिफोरखौ सनदेरा। Mandatory employees may be excused from work if they are quarantined or ill, if they are required to care for a member of the immediate family who is quarantined or ill. Mandatory मावथिफोरा खामानिनिफ्राय रेहाय होजानो हागौ जुदि बिसोरहा गोसारथाव बेराम जायो एबा लोमजायो, जुदि बिसोर साखाथि नखरनि गोसारथाव बेराम जानाय एबा लोमजानाय सासे सोद्रोमाखौ जोथोन लानो गोनां जायो। Once there, apply the oil to the chest, back, nose, throat and forehead. खेबसे बिखा, बिखुं, गनथं, गोदना आरो खाफालाव थाव बाहाय। Other major disparities include automated systems to remind patients about follow-up care, give patients test results or warn of harmful drug interactions. गुबुन गाहाय गोब्राबथिफोरा फल-आप जोथोन सोमोनदै बेरामिफोरखौ गोसोयावलाखिहोनाय, बेरामिफोरनो आनजाद फिथाइफोर होनाय एबा खहागोना मुलै इसिङारि फिनजाथायफोरनि सोमोनदै हुसियार खालामनायनि अतमेतेद बिखानथिफोरखौ सरजाबफायो। Pending a decision on renewing these provisions, the employee may be allowed to take leave (compensatory, sick, vacation, bonus), if available, until a decision is made. बेफोर राहाफोरखौ सोदांफिननायाव नांथाना थानाय थिरांथाया, मावथिनो मोनसे थिरांथा खालामैसिम सुथि लाहोनो हागौ (अनसुंथाय, बेराम, बनध, बनास), जुदि थोजासे। Primary care practices in the United States increasingly depend on foreign medical graduates to fill depleted ranks. गोगलैसोनाय मानथाखोफोरखौ सुफुंनो आमेरिकायाव गुदि जोथोन सरसाफोरा गुबुनहादोरारि मेदिकेल ग्रेजुएतफोरनाव गोबाङै सोनारो। Richer countries face a future of low fertility and large populations of elderly people, which will cause a shift towards chronic and degenerative diseases with high care demands. धोनि हादोरफोरा खम इउनजोलै आरो बैसोगोरा सुबुंनि सुबुंअनजिमा बांनायाव मोगा मोगि जायो जाय बांसिन जोथोन गोनांथिफोरजों क्रनिक आरो जोनोमहोनोहायै बेरामफोरनि फारसे बारस्लाय होगोन। Shortages of primary care physicians are an increasing problem in many developed countries. गुदि जोथोन देहागिरिफोरनि आंखालफोरा गोबां जौगालु हादोरफोरनि मोनसे बांबोनाय जेंना। Social distancing is designed to limit the spread of a disease by reducing the opportunities for close contact between people. समाजारि जानथायनायखौ बेरामनि गोसारथिखौ खमायनो दानाय जादों जाय मानसिफोरनि गेजेराव खाथि सोमोनदोनि खाबुफोरखौ खमायो। The agency head shall determine the appropriate course of action in consultation with the Governor’s Office and the State Budget Director. एजेनसि गाहाया होदोरबेंगेरि मावख’ आरो होदोरसा रांहिसाब बिथोनगिरजों सावरायलायना खामानिनि आरजाथाव आयदाखौ थिखालामगोन। The agency head shall develop an alternative plan for personnel in case the designated personnel are unable to work. एजेनसि गाहाया बिमुंहोजानाय मावथिफोरा खामानि मावनो हायै बेलायाव मावथिनि थाखाय मोनसे नैथिराहा बिथांखि जौगाहोगोन। The agency head shall make this decision after consultation with the Governor’s Office and the State Budget Director. एजेनसि गाहाया होदोरबेंगेरि मावख’ आरो होदोरसा रांहिसाब बिथोनगिरजों सावरायलायनाय उनाव बे थिरांथाखौ खालामगोन। The agency may also pay the employee contribution for the month following the layoff, with the provision that the employees shall repay the State for any contribution made on their behalf. The agency may extend the make-up time to 24 months if necessary. गोनांथिजायोब्ला एजेनसिया make-up समखौ 24 दानफोरसिम बारायनो हागौ। The agency shall maintain a list of mandatory employees by position, including current employee name and contact information. एजेनसिया मासि(position) बादियै mandatory मावथिफोरनि मोनसे फारिलाइ सामलायगोन, बोहैथि मावथि मुं आरो सोमोनदो खौरांफोरखौ सरजाबफानानै। The authority for public health isolation, quarantine, and other communicable disease control measures resides with the State Health Director and/or the Local Health Director (GS 130A-145) in the county of residence or their designees. The cold usually subsides after continuous application twice a day for about 2 days. गुसुया सरासनस्रायै सान 2 फ्राम सानसेयाव खननैयै बाहायलांबायथानायनि उनाव जायखारो। The employee’s pay shall continue at the same rate the employee would have received had the employee been working (including any shift premium pay normally received). The employer believes that the condition will change and intends to recall the employees as soon as feasible. मावथिथिसनग्राया फोथायोदि थासारिया सोलायगोन आरो मावनोहाथाव जानाय लोगो लोगो मावथिफोरखौ लिंहरफिननो लुबैयो। The Governor may also close all non-mandatory State services and order mandatory services to remain operational. रायजोबेंगिरिया गासै non-mandatory हादोरसा आबारफोरखौ बनद’ खालामनोबो हागौ आरो फिथाइगोनां खामानि मावलांबायथानो mandatory आबारफोरखौ हुकुमहोनो हागौ। The list is constantly updated as new diseases emerge. गोदान बेरामफोर नुजानायजों लोगोसे फारिलाइखौ थाद’नायगैयालाबानो फोसाबनाय जायो। The mandatory employees shall be granted time and one-half pay for all hours worked or all hours that the employee is required to remain on-site, subject to the availability of funds. The most recent list of reportable diseases as compiled by the State Health Commission is found in the Administrative Code 10A NCAC41A.0101. हादोरसा देहा कमिसनजों जथायजानाय फोरमानजाथाव बेरामफोरनि जोबोर गोदान फारिलाइखौ एदमिनिसत्रेतिभ कद 10ए एनसिएसि 41ए.0101याव मोनदों। The Pan American Health Organization reported in 2005 that "...the Americas region has made important progress in health, but significant challenges and disparities remain. The provisions of the Family and Medical Leave Policy and the Family Illness Leave Policy shall also apply. नख’फोरनि provisionफोर आरो मेदिकेल लिभ पलिसि आरो फेमिलि इलनेस लिभ पलिसियाबो बाहायजागोन। The public health authority rests with the State Health Director and each Local Health Director. रायजो-राजा देहा अथरेतिया हादोरसा देहा बिथोनगिरि आरो मोनफ्रोम जायगायारि देहा बिथोनगिरिजों जिरायफागोन। The quality of doctors and the density of their distribution have been shown to correlate with positive outcomes in cardiovascular diseases. The State Health Director or the Governor has authority to declare a public health emergency. हादोरसा देहा बिथोनगिरि एबा रायजोबेंगिरिहा रायजो-राजा देहा हरखाबथिखौ फोसावनो मोनथाय थायो। There are currently 57 countries with critical shortages equivalent to a global deficit of 2.4 million doctors, nurses and midwives. There were differences as well among primary care doctors, regarding financial incentives to improve the quality of care. जोथोननि गुनखौ साबद्रायहोनो रांखानथियारि incentiveफोराव गुदि जोथोन देहाफाहामगिरिफोरनि गेजेराव फारागथिबो दंमोन। This also applies for eldercare. Review of Policy Provisions If an agency is closed for more than 30 days, the leave and compensation provisions of this policy shall be reviewed and either terminated, revised or renewed. This provision applies to ALL employees who are exempt and no-exempt under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). This provision does not include temporary employees under any circumstances. बे provisionआ जेबो circumstances सिङावनो temporary मावथिफोरखौ सरजाबफाया। This will be especially important in a pandemic that may last for several weeks or months. गुबुयैयै बेयो मोनसे मारखियाव गोनां जागोन जाय गोबां सफथा एबा दानफोर जोरनो हागौ। To get rid of your child's cough, wrap some Aniseed (ajwain) in a piece of cloth and make it into a ball. नोंनि खुदियानि गुजुनायखौ बोखारनो थुख्रासे सियाव खायसे एनिसिद (आजउइन) फानफब आरो बेखौ बल बनाय। Under G.S. 166A-6, the Governor may close all schools, community colleges, universities, childcare and adult day care facilities and order that no public events shall be heldwhere large numbers of people are gathered in one physical location. When an agency is closed or when management determines that only mandatory employees are required to report to work. When an employee is quarantined, the employee shall be granted paid leave until the specified period of time ends or the employee becomes ill with the communicable disease, whichever comes first. When anagency is closed or when agency management determines that only mandatory employees are required to report to work, the non-mandatory employees who are not required to work shall be granted paid leave for up to 30 calendar days. Whenever my 4 year old has a cough, I give her ginger juice and honey and then some warm milk. Worker numbers and quality are positively associated with immunization coverage, outreach of primary care, and infant, child and maternal survival. You can also give your child some hot milk mixed with a pinch of turmeric to drink. A 2005 study showed that a DNA TB vaccine given with conventional chemotherapy can accelerate the disappearance of bacteria as well as protect against re-infection in mice. मोनसे 2005 बिजिरनाया दिनथिदोंमोनदि मोनसे दोरोङारि केमथेरापिजों होजानाय दि.एन.ए टि.बि तिकाया बेकथेरियानि गोमालांनायखौ बांहोनो हायो लोगोसे एनजरफोरनाव सनदेरफिननाय बेरेखायै होबथायो। A very promising TB vaccine, MVA85A, is currently in phase II trials in South Africa by a group led by Oxford University,and is based on a genetically modified vaccinia virus. मोनसे जोबोर फोथायथाव टि.बि तिका, एम.भि.ए85एआ, अक्सफर्द भुमफरायसालिजों दैदेनजानाय मोनसे हानजाजों खोला आफ्रिखायाव दासानदि थाखो II आनजादफोराव दं, आरो मोनसे बंसआरियै गोदान खालामजाफिननाय भेकसिनिया भाइरास सायाव सोनारनाय। According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 2 billion people—one–third of the world's population—have been exposed to the tuberculosis pathogen. भुहुम देहा आफाद(दाब्लिउ.एद्स.अ)नि हिसाबै, फ्राय 2 बिलियन सुबुंफोरा-बुहुमनि सुबुंअनजिमानि थाम बाहागोनि से- थिउबारकुलसिस पेथजेनाव दिनथिजाबाय। After the establishment in the 1880s that the disease was contagious, TB was made a notifiable disease in Britain. बेरामा सनदेरग्रा होनना 1880sआव फोसावजानायनि उनाव, टि.बिआ ब्रितेएनाव मोनसे सिनायजाथाव बेराम खालामजादों। Although it was established that the pulmonary form was associated with 'tubercles' by Dr Richard Morton in 1689, due to the variety of TB’s symptoms. नाथाय बेयो 1689आव ड. रिसार्द मरतनजों गायसनजादोंमोनदि टि.बिनि रोखोम रोखोम लोइखोनफोरनि थाखाय संफ्ल’आरि दाथाया थिउबारकोलफोरजों सोमोनदो गोनांमोन। Although tuberculosis disease remained a significant threat to public health. अब्लाबो थिउबारकुलसिस बेरामा सुबुं देहानि थाखाय मोनसे रोखा खैफोद जानानै दंमोन। Annually, 8 million people become ill with tuberculosis, and 2 million people die from the disease worldwide. बोसोरै, 8 बिलियन सुबुंफोरा थिउबारकुलसिस बेरामजों लोमजायो आरो 2 मिलियन सुबुंफोरा बुहुमनाङै बेरामनिफ्राय थैयो। Another folk belief attributed it to being forced, nightly, to attend fairy revels, so that the victim wasted away owing to lack of rest; this belief was most common when a strong connection was seen between the fairies and the dead. रायजोनि गुबुनमोनसे फोथायनाया, हरफ्रामबो मायागोनां रंजानायव बाहागो लानो नारसिनजानाय होनना जाहोन होनो, जाहाथे भुगिगिरिया जिरायनायनि आंखालनि थाखाय लोरबां जालाङो; बे फोथायनाया बांसिन सरासनस्रामोन जेब्ला मायाफोर आरो थैनायनि गेजेराव गोथौ सोमोनदो नुनो मोनदोंमोन। BCG vaccine was the first vaccine for TB and developed at the Pasteur Institute in France between 1905 and 1921. बि.सि.जि तिकाया टि.बिनि थाखाय गिबि तिकामोन आरो 1905 आरो 1921 नि गेजेराव फ्रान्सनि पासथिउर फसंथानाव जौगाहोजादोंमोन। BCG wasn't until after World War II that BCG received widespread acceptance in the USA, Great Britain, and Germany. बि.सि.जिआ Because of the limitations of current vaccines, researchers and policymakers are promoting new economic models of vaccine development including prizes, tax incentives and advance market commitments. आथिखाल तिकाफोरनि आंखालनि थाखाय, नायबिजिरग्रा आरो मावथांखिदागिरिफोरा बेसेन, खाजना मुलामफाफोर( incentives) आरो जौगालु बाजार सतबांसाफोरखौ सरजाबफानानै तिका जौगानायनि गोदान रांखानथि नमुना(models)फोर जौगाहोगासिनो। Before the Industrial Revolution, tuberculosis may sometimes have been regarded as vampirism. दारिमिनारि समावसारनायनि सिगां, थिउबारकुलसिसा एखनब्ला थैसोबग्रा महरै सानजानो हागौ। Co-infection with HIV is a particular problem in Sub-Saharan Africa, due to the high incidence of HIV in these countries. दालाय-साहारान आफ्रिकायाव, बेफोर हादोरफोराव एद्स.आइ.भिनि गोबां जाथायफोरनि थाखाय, एद्स.आइ.भिजों सनदेरजाफानाय बेरामा मोनसे जुनिया जेंना। DNA TB vaccine may take four to five years to be available in humans. दि.एन.ए टि.बि तिकाखौ सुबुंफोरनाव थोजासे मोननो ब्रै निफ्राय बा बोसोर लानोहागौ। Due to the elimination of public health facilities in New York and the emergence of HIV, there was resurgence in the late 1980s. निउ यर्कयाव सुबुं देहा खाबुफोर गोमानाय आरो एद्स.आइ.भि नुजाथिनायनि थाखाय, 1980 माइथायनि उनाव गोख्रोंजाफिनदोंमोन। During the years 1838–1845, Dr. John Croghan, the owner of Mammoth Cave, brought a number of tuberculosis sufferers into the cave in the hope of curing the disease with the constant temperature and purity of the cave air: they died within a year. 1838-1845 बोसोरनि समाव, मामथ केभनि बिगोमा ड. जन क्रगहेना दिदोम दुंथाय आरो गोथार गुफा बारजों बेरामखौ फाहामनायनि हासथायथियाव गोबां थिउबारकुलसिस भुगिगिरिफोरखौ केभाव लाबोदोंमोन­: बिसोर बोसोरसेनि गेजेराव थैदोंमोन। For example, tuberculosis cases in Britain, numbering around 117,000 in 1913, had fallen to around 5,000 in 1987, but cases rose again, and reaching 6,300 in 2000 and 7,600 cases in 2005. बिदिनथि महरै, 1913आव ब्रितेएनाव 117,000 फ्राम बिबांनि थिउबारकुलसिस जाथायफोरा 1987याव फ्राय 5,000सिम खमायहैदोंमोन, नाथाय जाथायफोरा बांफिनदोंमोन, आरो 2000याव 6,300 आरो 2005याव 7,600 जाथायफोर जाहैयो। Furthermore, people who had TB exhibited symptoms similar to what people considered to be vampire traits. आरोबाव, टि.बि गोनां सुबुंफोरा थैसोबग्रा लोइखोनफोर गोनां होनना गनायजानाय सुबुंफोरनि बायदि एखे लोइकोनफोरखौ दिनथिदोंमोन। Genetic studies suggest that TB was present in South America for about 2,000 years. बंसआरि बिजिरनायफोरा बिथोन होयोदि टि.बिआ खोला आमेरिकायाव फ्राय 2,000 बोसोर दंमोन। Healthcare workers considered on an individual basis in settings in which a high percentage of MDR-TB patients has been found, transmission of MDR-TB is likely, and TB control precautions have been implemented and were not successful. मिमांसा खालामनायव देहाजोथोन मावगिरिफोरा मोनसे सुबुं हिसाबाव सानजादोंमोन जेराव एम.दि.आर-टि.बि बेरामिफोरनि गोजौ जौखोनदो मोननाय जादों, एम.दि.आर-टि.बिनि दैथाय हरनाया जाथावना, आरो टि.बि होबथा सामोल लानायफोरा खामानियाव बाहायजाबाय आरो देरहासार जायाखै। Here, surgical removal of chest cavities will reduce the number of bacteria in the lungs, as well as increasing the exposure of the remaining bacteria to drugs in the bloodstream, and is therefore thought to increase the effectiveness of the chemotherapy. बेवहाय, संफ्ल’ गुदुंनि सारजिकोल बोखारनाया संफ्लफोराव बिजानुनि अनजिमाखौ खमायगोन, लोगोसे थाबावनाय बिजानुखौ मुलाफोरनो थै खारसारग्रायाव बेखेवनाय बारायनाय, आरो बेनिखायनो केमथेरापिनि जाउनगोनांखौ बांहोनो सानदों। Hopes that the disease could be completely eliminated have been dashed since the rise of drug-resistant strains in the 1980s. बेरामा फुरायै सोखाजाथावमोन होननानै मिजिंथिनाया 1980s आव मुलै-होबथाग्रा नाजानायफोरनि बांलांनायनिफ्राय बायफ्लेलांजोब्बाय। However, in countries where TB has gone from high to low incidence, such as the United States, TB is mainly a disease of older people. अब्लाबो, हादोरफोराव जेराव टि.बिआ गोबांनिफ्राय खम जाथायसिम थांबाय, जेरैबायदि जथाय हादोरफोरा(Us), टि.बिया गुबैयै बैयोगोरा सुबुंफोरनि मोनसे बेराम। However, mass vaccination with BCG did not start until after World War II. अब्लाबो, बि.सि.जिजों सुबुंगौमा तिका होनाया नैथि भुहुम दावहा उनसिम जागायाखैमोन। However, the effectiveness of BCG is lower in areas where mycobacteria are less prevalent, therefore BCG is not given to the entire population in these countries. नाथाय, खम सरासनस्रा माइक्रबेकथेरिया गोनां ओनसोलफोराव बि.सि.जिनि जाउना खम, बेनिखायनो बि.सि.जिखौ बेफोर हादोरफोरनि गासैबो सुबुंफोरनो होनाय जाया। However, whether tuberculosis originated in cattle and then transferred to humans, or diverged from a common ancestor, is currently unclear. नाथाय, थिउबारकुलसिसा मोसौ-मोसानाव सोमजिदोंमोन आरो उनाव मानसिफोरनाव बारस्लायदोंमोनना, सरासनस्रा आजौ-आजानिफ्राय बारस्लायदोंमोन, बेयो दासानदि रोखा नङा। Ibn Sina developed the method of quarantine in order to limit the spread of tuberculosis. आइ.बि.एन सिनाया थिउबारकुलसिसनि गोसारनायखौ खमायनो थाखाय कुआरेनताइननि आदब दादोंमोन। Ibn Sina was the first physician to identify pulmonary tuberculosis as a contagious disease. आइ.बि.एन सिनाया संफ्लआरि थिउबारकुलसिसआ मोनसे सनदेरग्रा बेराम महरै सिनायथिनाय गिबि देहाफाहमगिरिमोन। Identification of infections often involves testing high-risk groups for TB. सनदेरनायफोरनि सिनायथिनाया गोबां-समाव टि.बिनि थाखाय बां-खैफोद गोनां हानजाफोर आनजादनायनायखौ सरजाबफायो। Immunizing against tuberculosis was called 'BCG' (Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin). तिउबारकुलसिसनि बेरेखायै इमिउन खालायनायखौ ‘बि.सि.जि’ (केलमेत आरो गुएरिननि बेसिलास) बुंनायजायोमोन। Improvements in public health were reducing tuberculosis even before the arrival of antibiotics. एनतिबाइवतिकफोर सफैनायनि सिगाङावबो सुबुं देहानि जौगानायफोरा थिउबारकुलसिसखौ खमायगासिनोमोन। In 1815, one in four deaths in England was of consumption; by 1918 one in six deaths in France were still caused by TB. 1815आव, इंलेन्दाव साब्रै सासेआ जक्ष्या बेरामाव थैदोंमोन;1918 आव फ्रान्साव सा द’नि सासेआ टि.बिजों थैयोमोन। In 2004, around 14.6 million people had active TB disease with 9 million new cases. 2004 आव, 9 मिलियन गोदान जाथायफोरजों फ्राय 14.6 मिलियन सुबुंफोरहा सांग्रां टि.बि.बेराम दं। In 2005, the country with the highest estimated incidence of TB was Swaziland, with 1262 cases per 100,000 people. 2005 आव, मोनफ्रोम 100,000 मानसिफोरनि गेजेराव 1262 जाथायफोरजों टि.बिनि बयनिख्रुइ बांसिन हमनालाजानाय जाथायफोर गोनां हादोरा स्वाजिलेन्दमोन। In Africa, TB primarily affects adolescents and young adults. आफ्रिकायाव, टि.बिया गाहायै लाइमोनफोर आरो उनदै गथ’फोरखौ गोहोमखोखलैयो। In developed countries, tuberculosis is less common and is mainly an urban disease. जौगालु हादोरफोराव, थिउबारकुलसिसा खम सरासनस्रा आरो गाहायै सोहोरारि बेरामसो। In Europe, deaths from TB fell from 500 out of 100,000 in 1850 to 50 out of 100,000 by 1950. इउरपाव, टि.बिनिफ्राय थैनाया 1850नि 100,000नि मादाव 500 निफ्राय 1950 आव 100,000नि मादाव 50 सिम खमिहैदोंमोन। In South Africa, the country with the highest prevalence of TB, BCG is given to all children under the age of three. टि.बिनि बांसिन गोसारथिगोनां हादोर खोला आफ्रिकायाव, बि.सि.जिखौ बोसोर थामनि सिं साफ्रोमबो गथ’फोरनो होनाय जायो। In South America, the earliest evidence of tuberculosis is associated with the Paracas-Caverna culture (circa 750 BC to circa 100 AD). खोला आफ्रिकायाव, तिउबारकुलसिसनि गिबिसिन फोरमाना पाराकास-काभेरना हारिमुजों सोमोनदो गोनां (सिरका 750 BC- सिरका 100AD सिम)। In the 20th century, tuberculosis killed an estimated 100 million people. 20थि जौथायव, तिउबारकुलसिसा हमनालाजानाय 100 मिलियन मानसिफोरखौ फोथैदोंमोन। In the first, people with TB and their contacts are identified and then treated. गिबियाव, टि.बि गोनां मानसिफोर आरो बिसोरनि सोमोनदोफोरखौ(contacts) सिनायथिनाय जायो आरो उनाव सिकितसा खालामनाय जायो। In the second approach, children are vaccinated to protect them from TB. नैथि नुजाथिनायाव, गथ’फोरखौ टि.बिनिफ्राय बिसोरखौ होबथानो तिकाहोनाय जायो। In the United Kingdom, TB incidences range from 40 per 100,000 in London to less than 5 per 100,000 in the rural South West of England; the national average is 13 per 100,000. जथाय राइजोआव, टि.बि जाथायफोरा लनदनाव 40 मोनफ्रोमबो 10,000निफ्राय इंलेन्डनि गामियारि खोला सोनाबाव 5 मोनफ्रोमबो 100,000 खमसिनाव सोलायो; हारियारि गड हिसाबा 13 मोनफ्रोमबो 100,000। In the United States, concern about the spread of tuberculosis played a role in the movement to prohibit public spitting except into spittoons. जथाय होदोराव, तिउबारकुलसिसनि गोसारथिनि सांग्रांथिया रायजो-राजाफोरनि खुदैगारलाबायनायखौ हेंथाहोनो सोमावसारनायाव मोनसे बिफाव गेलेदमोन, स्पायतुनफोराव खुदैगारनायनि सोलायै। In the United States, the overall tuberculosis case rate was 4.9 per 100,000 persons in 2004. जथाय हादोराव, गासै तिउबारकुलसिस जाथाय हारा 2004आव मोनफ्रोम 100,000 सुबुंफोरनि मादाव 4.9मोन। In the USA, for example, BCG vaccine is not recommended except for people who meet specific criteria. बिदिनथि महरै, आमेरिकायाव, बि.सि.जि तिकाखौ थि नेमफोरखौ मोनै मानसिफोरनि अनगा गनायथिनाय जाया। In tropical areas where the incidence of atypical mycobacteria is high, exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria gives some protection against TB. त्रपिकोल जायगाफोराव, जेराव एताइपिकोल मायखबेकतेरियानि जाथाया गोबां, तिउबारखुलसिसनङै मायखबेकतेरियानि मोननाया टि.बिनि बेरेखायै माखासे रैखाथि होयो। India has the largest number of infections, with over 1.8 million cases. 1.8नि बांसिन जाथायफोरजों, भारतहा गोबांसिन अनजिमानि सनदेरथिफोर दं। Infants or children with negative skin-test results who are continually exposed to untreated or ineffectively treated patients or will be continually exposed to multidrug-resistant TB. गैयै बिगुर-आनजाद फिथायफोर मोननाय खुदियाफोर एबा गथ’, जायफोरा थादवाबोलानो फाहामनायगैयै एबा गोहोमखोखलैजायै फाहामजानाय बेरामिफोरनाव दिनथिजानाय एबा थादनायगैयै गोबांमुलै-होबथाग्रा टि.बियाव दिनथिजागोन। It was also believed that TB sufferers acquired a final burst of energy just before they died which made women more beautiful and men more creative. बेखौबो फोथायनाय जायोमोनदि टि.बि भुगिगिरिफोरा बिसोर थैनायनि इसे सिगाङाव गोहोनि मोनसे जोबथा बेरखांथि आरजियो जाय आइजोफोरखौ बांसिन समायना आरो हौवाफोरखौ बांसिन सोरजिलु खालामोमोन। It was believed that TB sufferers who were artists had bursts of creativity as the disease progressed. बेखौ फोथायनाय जायोमोनदि टि.बि भुगिगिरिफोरहा, जायफोरा महरगिरिमोन, बेराम बारायलांनायजों सोरजिलुगुना बेरखांसिनोमोन। It was not until 1946 with the development of the antibiotic streptomycin that effective treatment and cure became possible. एनतिबाइवतिक स्रेपतुमायसिननि जौगानायजों जाउनगोनां सिखितसा आरो फाहामनाया हाथाव जाबाय बेयो 1946सिम जायाखैमोन। Koch announced a glycerin extract of the tubercle bacilli as a "remedy" for tuberculosis in 1890, calling it 'tuberculin'. 1890आव कसआ तिउबारकल बासिलिनि मोनसे ग्लिसिरिन बिदै दिहुननायखौ तिउबारकुलिन मुं होनानै तिउबारकुलसिसनि थाखाय मोनसे ‘फाहाम-राहा’ महरै फोसावदोंमोन। Koch did not believe that bovine (cattle) and human tuberculosis were similar, which delayed the recognition of infected milk as a source of infection. कचआ फोथायाखैमोनदि मोसौ-मोसा आरो सुबुं थिउबारकुलसिसआ एखे, जाय सनदेरजानाय गाइखेरखौ समदेरनायनि मोनसे फुंखा महरै सिनायथिनो गोबाव खालामदोंमोन। Many countries use BCG vaccine as part of their TB control programs, especially for infants. गोबां हादोरफोरा बि.सि.जितिकाखौ बिसोरनि टि.बि होबथा हाबाफारिफोरनि बाहागो महरै बाहायो, गुबैयै खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय। Many people believed TB produced feelings of euphoria referred to as "Spes phthisica" or "hope of the consumptive". गोबां मानसिफोरा फोथायोमोन टि.बिआव फोसावजानाय इउफरियानि मोनदांथिफोरा “स्पेस पिथिसिका” एबा “जक्ष्यानि मिजिं” महरै मुंखजादोंमोन। People believed that tuberculosis was caused by the original victim draining the life from the other family members. मानसिफोरा फोथायोमोन दि थिउबारकुलसिसआ नंगुबै भुगिगिरिजों सोमजिहोजायो जाय गुबुन नखर सोद्रोमाफोरनि जिउखौ लोरबां खालामो। People with TB often have symptoms such as red, swollen eyes (which also creates a sensitivity to bright light), pale skin and coughing blood, suggesting the idea that the only way for the afflicted to replenish this loss of blood was by sucking blood. फ्राय टि.बि गोनां मानसिहा गोजा, मेगन बुनायफोर (जाय गोजों सोरांङाव मोनसे मोनदांथि सोरजियो), फुरगेव बिगुर आरो गुजुनाय थै लोइखोनफोर दं, Phthisis is a Greek term for tuberculosis; around 460 BC, Hippocrates identified phthisis as the most widespread disease of the times involving coughing up blood and fever, which was almost always fatal. पिथिसिसा तिउबारकुलसिसनि मोनसे ग्रिक सोदोब; फ्राय 460 BCआव देहाफामगिरिफोरा पिथिसिसखौ थै गुजुनाय आरो लोमजानायखौ सरजाबफानानै बै समनि मोनसे गुवार-गोसारथि बेराम महरै सिनायथिदोंमोन, जाय अरायबो गिलिबालुमोन। Prior to the introduction of antibiotic, the only treatment besides sanatoria was surgical interventions. एनतिबायतिक सिनायथिनायनि सिगां, सेनेतिरयानि अनगा मोनसेल’ सिकितसाया सारजिकेल मावआगानफोरमोन। Public health campaigns tried to halt the spread of TB. रायजो-राजा देहा फोसावदिंनायफोरा टि.बिनि गोसोरथिखौ दबथायनो नाजादोंमोन। Robert Koch received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1905 for this discovery. रबार्त कसा बे दिहुनथायनि(discovery) थाखाय 1905आव फिजिअलजि एबा मुलैयाव नबेल बानथा नाजावदोंमोन। Several new vaccines to prevent TB infection are being developed. टि.बि सनदेरनायखौ होबथानो गोबां गोदान तिकाफोरा जौगाहोजागासिनो दं। Similarly, but less commonly, it was attributed to the victims being "hagridden"—being transformed into horses by witches (hags) to travel to their nightly meetings, again resulting in a lack of rest. Skeletal remains show prehistoric humans (4000 BC) had TB, and tubercular decay has been found in the spines of mummies from 3000-2400 BC. खंखाला थाबायथाना दिनथिबाय आगुजारिमिनारि (4000बि.सि) बेरामिफोरहा टि.बि दंमोन, आरो तिउबारकुलार सेवनायखौ 3000-2400 बि.सिनिफ्राय मामिफोरनि सिनस्रिफोराव मोनदोंमोन। Smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day also increases the risk of TB by two- to four-times. सानसेयाव 20निख्रुइ बारा सिगारेतफोर सोबनायाबो टि.बिनि खैफोदखौ नैनिफ्राय ब्रै गुनसिम बांहोयो। TB has again introduced surgery as part of the treatment for these infections. टि.बिआ फिन बेफोर सनदेरथिफोरनि सिकितानि बाहागो महरै सारजारि थिसनबाय। TB prevention and control takes two parallel approaches. टि.बि होबथा आरो दबथायनाया मोननै समान राहाफोर लायो। TB was not identified as a single disease until the 1820s and was not named 'tuberculosis' until 1839 by J. L. Schönlein. टि.बिआ 1820 सिम मोनसे बेराम महरै सिनायजायाखैमोन आरो 1839सिम जे.एल.स्कनलैनजों ‘थिउबारकुलसिस’ मुं होजायाखैमोन। TB was romanticized in the nineteenth century. जिगुथि जौथायाव टि.बिआ गोमोथाव खालामजोदोंमोन। The annual incidence rate varies from 356 per 100,000 in Africa to 41 per 100,000 in the Americas. बोसोरारि जाथाय हारा आफ्रिकानि मोनफ्रोम 100,000आव 356 निफ्राय आमेरिकाफोरनि मोनफ्रोम 100,000आव 41सिम सोलायहैयो। The bacillus causing tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was identified and described on March 24, 1882 by Robert Koch. तिउबारकुलसिस, माइकबेकतेरियाम तिउबारकुलसिस जाहोनाय बेसिलासा मार्स 24, 1882आव रबार्त कचजों सिनायजादोंमोन आरो फोरमायजादोंमोन। The BCG vaccine was first used on humans in 1921 in France. 1921आव बि.सि.जि तिकाया फ्रान्साव सुबुंफोरनाव गिबि बाहायजादोंमोन। The earliest unambiguous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is in the remains of bison dated 18,000 years before the present. मायखबेकतेरियाम तिउबारकुलसिसनि   सिगांसिन ओंथिगैयै नायसंनाया आथिखालनि सिगां The first genuine success in immunizing against tuberculosis was developed from attenuated bovine-strain tuberculosis by Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin in 1906. तिउबारकुलसिसनि बेरेखायै इमिउन होनायनि गिबि नंगुबै देरहासारनाया 1906आव एलबार्त कालमेत आरो केमाइल गुएरिनजों लोरबां मोसौमोसा-फोलेर तिउबारकुलसिसनिफ्राय जौगाहोजादोंमोन। The first recombinant tuberculosis vaccine entered clinical trials in the United States in 2004, sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). गिबि जिबख्रि तुबारकुलसिस तिकाया 2004आव जथाय हादोराव क्लिनिकेल आनजादफोर सोदोंमोन, जाय नेसनेल इन्सतितिउत अफ एलारजि एन्द इनफेकसियास दिजिसजों (एन.आइ.ए.आइ.दि)जों हेफाजाब होजादोंमोन। The first TB sanatorium opened in 1859 in Görbersdorf, Germany (today Sokolowsko, Poland) by Hermann Brehmer. गिबि टि.बि सेनेतरियामा हारमान ब्रेमारजों 1859आव गरबार्सदर्फ, जारमानियाव बेखेवजादोंमोन। The first to recognize the association with diabetes, and the first to suggest that tuberculosis could spread through contact with soil and water. तिउबारकुलसिसा बाला आको दैजों सोमोनदोनि गेजेरजों गोसारनो हायो होनना The highest rates in Western Europe are in Portugal (42 per 100,000) and Spain (20 per 100,000). सोनाब इउरपाव बांसिन हारफोरा दं परतुगाल (मोनफ्रोम 100,000आव 42) आरो स्पैनाव (मोनफ्रोम100,000आव 20)। The incidence of tuberculosis varies with age. तिउबारककुलसिसनि जाथाया बैसोजों आलादा-आलादा जायो। The number of those failing to complete their course of drugs is high. गावसोरनि मुलैफोर बाहायनायनि समफारिलाइखौ फोजोबनो फेलेंजानायफोरनि बिबाङा गोबां। The promotion of Christmas Seals began in Denmark during 1904 as a way to raise money for tuberculosis programs. ख्रिस्तमास सिल्सनि फोसावदिंनाया तिउबारकुलसिस हाबाफारिफोरनि थाखाय रां बुथुमनायनि मोनसे राहा महरै 1904 आव देनमार्कआव जागायजेनदोंमोन। The promotion of Christmas Seals expanded to the United States and Canada in 1907–08 to help the National Tuberculosis Association (later called the American Lung Association). होदोरारि तिउबारकुलसिस एससिएसनखौ हेफाबहोनो 1907-08आव ख्रिस्तमास सिल्सनि फोसावदिंनाया जथाय हादोर आरो कानादासिम गोसारहैदोंमोन (उनाव आमेरिकान लां एससिएसन बुंनायजादोंमोन)। The protective efficacy of BCG for preventing serious forms of TB (e.g. meningitis) in children is greater than 80%; its protective efficacy for preventing pulmonary TB in adolescents and adults is variable, ranging from 0 to 80%. गथ’नाव टि.बिनि (बिदिनथि महरै. मेनिंगितिस) गोब्राब दाथाय होबथानायनि थाखाय बि.सि.जिनि रैखाथि गोहोया 80%निफ्राय बांसिन; जौमोन बैसो आरो बैसोगोराफोरनाव पालमनारि टि.बि होबथानायनि थाखाय बेनि रैखाथि गोहोया सोलायस्लु, 0 निफ्राय 80%सिम सोलायनानै। The resurgence of tuberculosis resulted in the declaration of a global health emergency by the World Health Organization in 1993. तिउबारकुलसिसनि नुजाफिननाया 1993आव बुहुम देहा फसंथानजों भुमनां देहा हरखाबथि फोसावनायाव जादोंमोन। The sanatoria for the middle and upper classes offered excellent care and constant medical attention. गेजेर आरो गोजौ थाखोफोरनि थाखाय सेनेतरिआया साबना-हामना जोथोन आरो दिदोम मेदिकेल नोजोर बावदोंमोन। The study of tuberculosis dates back to The Canon of Medicine written by Ibn Sina (Avicenna) in the 1020s. तिउबारकुलसिसनि नायबिजरनाया 1020आव आइबिन सिनाजों (एभिसेना) लिरजानाय दा केनन अफ मेदिसिनखौ थांखि हरो। There are a number of known factors that make people more susceptible to TB infection. बेवहाय गोबां मोनथिजानाय जाहोनफोर दं जाय मानसिफोरखौ टि.बि सनदेरनायाव बांसिन गाग्लोबजाथाव खालामो। There were campaigns to stop spitting in public places, and the infected poor were "encouraged" to enter sanatoria that resembled prisons, in Britain. रायजो-राजाफोरनि जायगाफोराव मुजुदै गारलाबायनायखौ बनधखालामनो बैयाव फोसावनायदिंनायफोर दंमोन, आरो सनदेरजानाय निखावरिफोरखौ सेनेतरियाव हाबनो थुलुंगादोंमोन जाय ब्रितेनाव जोबथेसालिफोरखौ जाथायोमोन। These rates compare with 113 per 100,000 in China and 64 per 100,000 in Brazil. बेफोर हारफोरा साइनायाव मोनफ्रोम 1000,000आव 113 आरो ब्राजिलाव मोनफ्रोम 100,000 आव 64 जों रुजुयो। Tubercular decay has been found in the spines of Egyptian mummies. तिउबारकुलार सेवलांनायखौ इजिपतियान बिमाफोरनि सिनस्रिफोराव मोननाय जादों। Tuberculin was not effective, but was later adapted as a test for pre-symptomatic tuberculosis. तिउबारकुलिना जाउनगोनां नङामोन, नाथाय उनाव आगु-लोइखोनगोनां तिउबारकुलसिसनि थाखाय मोनसे आनजाद महरै आजावनाय जादोंमोन। Tuberculosis has been present in humans since antiquity. तिउबारकुलसिसा मानसिफोरनाव गोदोगोदायनिफ्रायनो दंखायो। Tuberculosis is the world's greatest infectious killer of women of reproductive age and the leading cause of death among people with HIV/AIDS. जोनोम होनोहानाय बैसोनि आयजोनि तिउबारकुलसिसा बुहुमनि गोब्राबसिन सनदेरग्रा फुथारग्रा आरो एद्स.आइ.भि/एद्सजों सुबुंनि गेजेराव थैनायनि जाहोन सोमजिहोनानै। Tuberculosis, or 'consumption' as it was commonly known, caused the most widespread public concern in the 19th and early 20th centuries as an endemic disease of the urban poor. तिउबारकुलसिस एबा सरासनस्रायै मोनथिजानाय ‘जक्ष्या’ बेरामा 19थि आरो 20थि जौथायफोराव सोहोरारि निखावरिफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे फोजोबसांग्रा बेराम महरै गुवार-गोसारफबनाय सुबुं दुखु सोमजिहोदोंमोन। Unfortunately, no vaccine is available that provides reliable protection for adults. दुखुनांथावनायै, जेबो तिका गैलिया जायबैसोगोराफोरनि थाखाय फोथायथाव रैखाथि जगायो। Whatever the purported benefits of the fresh air and labor in the sanatoria, even under the best conditions, 50% of those who entered were dead within five years (1916). गोथार बार आरो सेनेतरिया(sanatoria)नि मावथिफोरनि बिखनाय मुलामफाया जिआनो जाया मानो, साबसिन थासारिफोरनि सिङावबो, हाबग्राफोरनि 50%आनो बा बोसोरनि गेजेराव थैदोंमोन(1916)। When one member of a family died from tuberculosis, the other members that were infected would lose their health slowly. जेब्ला मोनसे नखरनि सासे सोद्रोमाया तिउबारकुलसिसाव थैयोमोन, सनदेरजानाय गुबुन सोद्रोमाफोरा बिसोरनि देहाखौ लासैयै खोमायोमोन। When the Medical Research Council was formed in Britain in 1913 its initial focus was tuberculosis research. जेब्ला 1913आव ब्रितेनाव मेदिकेल रिसार्स काउनसिलखौ दानायजादोंमोन बेनि गिबि नोजोरा तिउबारकुलसिस नायबिजिरनायमोन। A 9-year scientific study by an Independent Study Group of the likely efficacy of badger culling reported on 18 June 2007 that it was unlikely to be effective and could actually increase the spread of TB. मोनसे उदां नायबिजिर हानजा बेदजार कालिंनि लाइकलि एफिकेसिआ बोसोर 9 नायबिजिरनानै 18 जुन 2007 आव फोरमायथियोदि बेयो खामानियाव नांनाय नङा आरो गुबैयै जक्ष्मानि गोसारनायखौ बांहोगोनसो। A number of misconceptions have arisen surrounding HIV/AIDS. गोबां गोरोनथिसानदांथिफोरा एइसआइभि/एड्स सोरगिदिं सोमजिबाय। A small minority of scientists and activists question the connection between HIV and AIDS, the existence of HIV itself, or the validity of current testing and treatment methods. इसे बिबांनि गोनोखोगिरिफोर आरो मावथिफारियाफोरा एइसआइभि आरो एड्स गेजेरनि सोमोनदो, एइसआइभिनि गावनिनो थाथाय एबा आथिखाल आनजादनायनायनि जोरथाय(validity) आरो सिकितसा आदबफोरखौ सोंथियो। Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS or Aids) is a collection of symptoms and infections resulting from the specific damage to the immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans, and similar viruses in other species (SIV, FIV, etc.). एकुयेर्द इमिउन देफिसेनसि सिनड्रम एबा एकुयेर्द इमिउनदेफिसेनसि सिनड्रम (AIDS एबा Aids) आ मानसिनि हिउमेन इमिउन देफिसेनसि भाइरास (HIV) आरो गुबुन जिबिफोरनि एखे भाइरासफोरजों (SIV, FIV बायदि बायदि) सोमजिहोजानाय थि होबथा बिखानथि गाज्रिजानायनिफ्राय जानाय लैखोन एबा सनदेरथिफोरनि मोनसे बुथुमथि। Additionally, people with AIDS often have systemic symptoms of infection like fevers, sweats (particularly at night), swollen glands, chills, weakness, and weight loss. उफ्रायै, एद्स गोनां मानसिफोरहा समसम सनदेरथिनि बिखानथिगोनां लैखोनफोर थायो जेरै लोमजानाय, गोलोमनाय (जुनियायै हराव), बिथोबफोर बुखांनाय, गोजांस्रोनाय, लोरबांथि आरो लिरथाय खमिनाय। After the diagnosis of AIDS is made, the current average survival time with antiretroviral therapy (as of 2005) is estimated to be more than 5 years. एद्सनि बेरामसंनायखौ खालामनाय उनाव, एनतिरेत्रभाइरेल थेरापिजों बोहैथि गर थांनाथानाय समखौ (2005 नि बादियै) 5 बोसोरनिख्रुइ बारा हमनालानाय जादों। AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is a metabolic encephalopathy induced by HIV infection and fueled by immune activation of HIV infected brain macrophages and microglia which secrete neurotoxins of both host and viral origin. एड्स बोरनाय गलाइथि (ADC) आ एइसआइभि सनदेरनायजों थुलुंगानाय मेटाबलिक इनसेफालफेटि आरो एइच आइ भि सनदेरनाय मेलेमनि मेक्रफेजेज आरो माइक्रग्लियाजों खारहोजानाय जाय हानजा 8आरो जिउसायारि गुदि मोननैनिबो स्रोद निउरटक्सिन। AIDS is the most severe acceleration of infection with HIV. एद्सआ एइसआइभिजों सनदेरनायनि जोबोद गोब्राब बांथाय। AIDS patients often develop opportunistic infections that present with non-specific symptoms, especially low-grade fevers and weight loss. एद्स बेरामिफोरा समसम खाबुलाग्रा सनदेरथिफोर जौगाहोयो जाय रोखा-नङि लैखोनफोरजों थायो, जर’खायै खम-थाखोनि लोमजानायफोर आरो लिरथाय खमिनाय। Although treatments for AIDS and HIV exist to decelerate the virus's progression, there is currently no known cure. जुदिबो भाइरासनि बांनायखौ खमायनो एद्स आरो एइसआइभि नि थाखाय सिकितसाफोर दं, दासानदि जेबो मिथिजानाय फाहामथाय गैया। An effort to eradicate bovine tuberculosis from the cattle and deer herds of New Zealand is underway. निउ जिलेण्डनि मोसौ-मैसो आरो मै फालोफोरनिफ्राय बभाइन जक्षाखौ बोखारनायनि मोनसे नाजानाया सोलिगासिनो दं। An example of this is people with the homozygous CCR5-?32 variation are resistant to infection with certain strains of HIV. बेनि मोनसे बिदिन्थिया हमजिजाज सिसिआर5-?32 रोखोमा एइसआइभिनि खायसे जोलैफोरजों सनदेरनायनि होबथाग्रा। Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries. एनतिरेत्रभाइरेल सिकितसाया एड्सआइभि सनदेरनायनि थैनाय आरो लोमजाज्रिदनाय मोननैखौबो खमायो, नाथाय एनतिरेत्र’भाइरेल मुलिहोनायनि समफारि राहाया गासैबो हादराफोराव थोजासे नङा। As a result, governments have come under pressure from some quarters, primarily dairy farmers, to mount an active campaign of eradication of badgers in certain areas with the purpose of reducing the incidence of bovine TB. फिथाइ महरै बभाइन तिबिनि जाथायखौ खमायनायनि थांखिजों खायसे जायगाफोराव बेदजारफोरखौ(badgers) फोजोबस्रांनायनि मोनसे गोख्रों फोसावदिंनायखौ बांहोनो सोरखारफोरा खायसे खोन्दोफोर, गाहायै गाइखेर आबादारिफोरनिफ्राय नारसिनजानायाव फैनांबाय। As a result, the issue of badger culling remains hugely controversial in the United Kingdom. फिथाइ महरै, बेदजार फबनायनि आयदाया इउनायटेद किंडमाव गोबाङै बिदान्थेयारि जाना दं। Because Tuberculosis is transmissible to immunocompetent people via the respiratory route, is easily treatable once identified, may occur in early-stage HIV disease, and is preventable with drug therapy. मानोना जक्षा होबथागोहोगोनां सुबुंफोरनाव हांलाग्रा लामानि जोहै बारस्लायथाव, खनसे सिनायथिब्ला गोरलैयै फाहामथाव, एइसआइभिनि आगु थाखोआव जानो हागौ, आरो मुलि फाहामथाइजों होबथाजायो। Before the advent of effective diagnosis, treatment and routine prophylaxis in Western countries, Pneumocystis jirovecii was a common immediate cause of death. सोनाब हादरफोराव जाउनगोनां बेरामसंनाय, सिकितसा आरो सममथै बेरामहोबथाराहा ओंखारनाय सिगां, निउमसेस्टिस जिर’भेसिआ थैनायनि मोनसे सरासनस्रा हरखाबै जाहोनमोन। Caused by a gammaherpes virus called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV), it often appears as purplish nodules on the skin, but can affect other organs, especially the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. काप’सनि सार्कमा-एससियेटेट हार्पस भाइरास बुंजानाय मोनसे गामाहार्पस भाइरासजों सोमजिहोजानाय बेयो समसम बिगुराव फानथावगाब सिथरफोर बादि नुजायो, नाथाय गुबुन अंग’फोरखौ गोहोमखोखलैनो हायो, जर’खायै खुगा, उदैबिबुवारि लामा आरो संफ्ल’फोर। Cervical cancer in HIV-infected women is considered AIDS-defining. एइसआइभि-सनदेरजानाय आयजोफोरनि फिसाख’मोखां केनसारखौ एड्स-बेखेवथि गनायनाय जायो। Cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). फिसाख’मोखां केनसारा हिउमेन पेपिलमाभाइरासजों (एइसपिभि) जायो। CMV can cause colitis, as described above, and CMV retinitis can cause blindness. गोजौआव फोरमायनायबादिनो सिएमभिआ कलिटिस जाहोनो हायो, आरो सिएमभि रेटिनिटिसआ खाना जाहोनो हायो। Controlling the vectors through possum eradication and monitoring the level of disease in livestock herds through regular surveillance are seen as a "two-pronged" approach to ridding New Zealand of the disease Cryptococcal meningitis can cause fevers, headache, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. क्रिप्तककेल मेनिंजाइटिसआ लोमजानाय,खर सानाय, मेंनाय, गोबाल मोननाय, गोबानाय जाहोयो। Cryptococcal meningitis is an infection of the meninx (the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord) by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. क्रिप्तककेल मेनिंजाइटिसआ बादामालि आरो क्रिप्टककास निअफरमेल्सजों जाग्रा मेनिंक्सनि सनदेरनाय (मेलेम आरो स्पाइनेल कर्डनि सोरगिदिं थानाय मेम्ब्रेन्स) Donnelly and Cox produced a sophisticated stochastic model of the badger population which was used to make detailed quantitative predictions about the effects of various policies. बेदजार सुबुं अनजिमानि गोजौ गोजौ थाखोनि स्टकाष्टिक मदेलखौ दनेल्लि आरो कक्सआ दिहुनदोंमोन जायखौ गुबुन गुबन बिथांखिफोरनि जाथायनि आबुं अनजिमाखौ बुंग्रोनो बाहायनाय जादोंमोन। Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or KSHV cause many of these lymphomas. एप्सटेइन-बार भाइरास (इबिभि) एबा के एस एइच भि आ लिमफमासनि बांसिनखौनो जाहोयो। Esophagitis is an inflammation of the lining of the lower end of the esophagus (gullet or swallowing tube leading to the stomach). एसफेगिटिसा मोनसे बुखांनाय जाय सिंथारनि रोजा जालामा आदार नलिनि जोबथा गाहायथाराव दं (गोदोना नलि एबा मनलांग्रा नलि जाय भान्दारसिम दैदेनलाङो) । High-grade B cell lymphomas such as Burkitt's lymphoma, Burkitt's-like lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and primary central nervous system lymphoma present more often in HIV-infected patients. गोजौ थाखो बि(B) जिबख्रि लिमफमाफोर जेरै बुरकिटनि लिमफमा, बुरकिट बादि लिमफमाया गेदेर बि जिबख्रिसिम गोसारहैयो (DLBCL) आरो गुदि मिरु नारभास सिस्टेम लिमफमाया बांसिन एइसआइभि बेराम बारदेरजानाय बेरामिनियाव नुजाथियो । HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects vital organs of the human immune system such as CD4+ T cells (a subset of T cells), macrophages and dendritic cells. एइसआइभिआ मोनसे गोजाम भाइरास जाय गाहायै मानसिनि गाहाय देहानि अंगनि रैखाथि गोनां मावखान्थि जेरै सिदि4+ ति जिबख्रि (जाथोसे T जिबख्रिफोरनि जथाइखोन्दोसा), देहानि गाज्रि मुवाफोरखौ होखारग्रा (macrophages) आरो देनद्रिटिक (dendritic) जिबख्रिफोराव बारदेरो । HIV is genetically variable and exists as different strains, which cause different rates of clinical disease progression. एइसआइभिआ फोलेरारि सोलायस्लु बेराम आरो बेयो गुबुन गुबुन फोलेराव थायो जाय गुबुन गुबुन बेराम फाहामथाय दावगानाय हारनि जाहोन । HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid, and breast milk. एइसआइभि बेरामा थोंजोङै बिज्लायारि गोबा जालामा एबा देहायारि लाव लाव मुवा एइसआइभि गोनां थै जिरिनाय जेरै थै, लादि, जो आथोनारि लाव लाव मुवा, प्रेजेमिनेल (preseminal) नि लाव लाव मुवा आरो आबुनि गाइखेरजों गोसारो । However, clinical staging of patients was not an intended use for these systems as they are neither sensitive, nor specific. थामहिनबा बेरामिखौ फाहामनायनि थाखोआ बेफोर खान्थिखौ बाहायनायनि थांखि नङामोन जेराव बिसोर मोदांथि गोनां एबा रोखा नङामोन । However, multidrug resistance is a potentially serious problem. सरासनस्रा बांमुलि होबथाग्राया मोनसे गिलु बालु जेंना गोनां जानो हागौ। However, the incidence of many common tumors, such as breast cancer or colon cancer, does not increase in HIV-infected patients. सरासनस्रा मानसिफोरनाव जाग्रा गोबां देरखांबोग्रा बेदर जेरैहाय आबुनि केन्सार एबा कलन केन्सार बायदिफोरा एइसआइभि बेराम गोग्लैनाय बेरामिनियाव बाङा । However, the rate of clinical disease progression varies widely between individuals, from two weeks up to 20 years. थामहिनबा मानसि लाना मानसि फाहामथायारि बेराम दावगानाय हारा नै हफ्तानिफ्राय नैजि बोसोरसिम गोबाङै गुबुन गुबुन जायो । In 2007, an estimated 33.2 million people lived with the disease worldwide, and it claimed the lives of an estimated 2.1 million people, including 330,000 children. 2007 मायथाइआव दुलाराइ बुहुमनाङै 33.2 अजुत सुबुङा बे बेरामजों थांनानै दंमोन आरो बेयो 330,000 गथसाफोरखौ लाफानानै 2.1 अजुत सुबुंनि जिउखौ फोजोबस्रांदोंमोन In addition to the AIDS-defining tumors listed above, HIV-infected patients are at increased risk of certain other tumors, such as Hodgkin's disease and anal and rectal carcinomas. गोजाव मखजानाय एइडस सनदेरजानाय टिउमारजों लोगोसे एइच आइ भि सनदेरजानाय बेरामिफोराबो माखासेया टिउमारफोर, जेरै हडसकिननि बेराम, खिलामा आरो देहा इसिंआव जागोननि गिनांगौ थायो In advanced HIV infection, TB often presents atypically with extrapulmonary (systemic) disease a common feature. जौगा एइच आइ भि सनदेरनायाव टि बि बेरामा गुबन बेरामफोरजों लोगोसे हां लानायाव बायजो जानाया सरासनस्रा जाहोन। In areas where HAART is extensively used to treat AIDS, the incidence of many AIDS-related malignancies has decreased. जायफोर जायगायाव एइडस फाहामनो HAART खौ आबुङै बाहायनाय जायो बैफोर जायगायाव एइडसजों सोमोन्दो गोनां मेलिगनेन्सआ खमायदों। In developing countries, it is still one of the first indications of AIDS in untested individuals, although it does not generally occur unless the CD4 count is less than 200 per µL जौगालु हादरफोराव आनजाद नायजायै सुबुंफोरनि बेलायाव बेखौ दासिमबो एइडसनि गिबि सिनायथि होनना साननाय जायो, सिदि4 काउन्टा मोनफ्रोम µL आव 200 नि खम जायोब्ला बेखौ सरासनस्रायै नुनो मोना। In early-stage HIV infection (CD4 count >300 cells per µL), TB typically presents as a pulmonary disease. एइच आइ भि सनदेरनायनि गिबि थाखोआव (CD4 count >300 cells per µL) टि बि बेरामा हां दाजेमनि गुबुन बेराम महरै नुजाथियो। In HIV infected individuals, this is normally due to fungal (candidiasis) or viral (herpes simplex-1 or cytomegalovirus) infections. एइच आइ भि सनदेरजानाय सुबुंनि बेलायाव बेयो सरासनस्रायै मैखुन आरो जिउसायारि सनदेरनायानि थाखाय जायो। In other jurisdictions, such as in Canada, AIDS is only diagnosed when a person infected with HIV is diagnosed with one or more of several AIDS-related opportunistic infections or cancers. गुबुन जायगायाव जेरै कानाडायाव एइडस बेरामखौ अब्लालसो सिनायथिनाय जायो जेब्ला एइच आइ भि सनदेरजानाय सासे सुबुङा एइडजों सोमोन्दो गोनां मोनसे एबा बेनि बांसिन सनदेरथाइ एबा केन्सार जाजायो। In some cases these lymphomas are AIDS-defining. खायसे बेलायाव बे लिम्फमासफोरानो एइडस जाहोग्रा। In some cases, diarrhea may be a side effect of several drugs used to treat HIV, or it may simply accompany HIV infection, particularly during primary HIV infection. खायसे बेलायाव एइच आइ भि फाहामथायनि थाखाय बाहायजानाय गुबुन गुबुन मुलिनि बिजाथाइ (साइड इफेक्ट) महरै डाइरिया जानो हागौ नङाब्ला एइच आइ भि सनदेरनायजों लोगोसे जानो हागौ जरखायै एइच सनदेरनायनि गिबि थाखोआव। In some countries, such as the United States, this leads to a diagnosis of AIDS. माखासे हादरफोर जेरै आमेरिका जथाइ हादराव बेयो एइडसखौ सिनायथिनायनि लामा दिन्थियो। In some places, regulations aiming to prevent the spread of TB restrict the ownership of novelty pets; for example, the U.S. state of California forbids the ownership of pet gerbils. माखासे जायगायाव दि बि नि गोसारनायखौ होबथानो जिब जुनार फिसिग्राफोरनाव हेंथा जाबसिनदों, बिदिन्थिबादियै आमेरिका जथाय हादरनि केलिफर्निया खुंथाया फिसिग्रा जिबनि बिगोमानि मोनथाइखौ बोखांदों। In the absence of antiretroviral therapy, the median time of progression from HIV infection to AIDS is nine to ten years, and the median survival time after developing AIDS is only 9.2 months. जिउसाहोबथा फाहामथाय राहा गैयाब्ला एइश आइ भि सनदेरनायनिफ्राय एइडससिम जौगानो गुनिफ्राय जि बोसोर सम नांगौ, आरो एइडस जाखांनायनि उनाव थांना थानायनि समा 9.2 दानल। In the later stages of HIV infection, diarrhea is thought to be a reflection of changes in the way the intestinal tract absorbs nutrients, and may be an important component of HIV-related wasting. एइच आइ भि सनदेरनायनि उननि थाखोआव, दायरिया जायोब्ला बेखौ आदार  आजावग्रा बिबुआव सोलायनाय बेरखाङो होनना साननाय जायो आरो बेनो एइच आइ भि सनदेरनायनि गोनां असिलाबो जानो हागौ। In the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, badgers have been identified as one vector species for the transmission of bovine tuberculosis. आयारलेणड जथाइ हादर आरो इउनाइटेड किंडमाव एनजरखौ मोसौ जक्षा गोसारनायनि गाहाइ फोलेर होनना सिनायथिनाय जादों। It has been found that herd infection is more likely in areas where infected vector species such as Australian brush-tailed possums come into contact with domestic livestock at farm/bush borders. जायफोर ओन्सोलाव जेरै एष्ट्रेलियानि ब्रास लानजाइ गोनां पजुमफोरा नखराव फिनाय जिबफोरजों गोरोबलायोब्ला सनदेरनायनि बांसिन मिजिं दं होनना सिनायथिनाय जादों। It may also be a side effect of antibiotics used to treat bacterial causes of diarrhea (common for Clostridium difficile). बेयो डायेरिया फाहामथायाव बाहायनाय बिखान्थिनिबो बिजाथाय 55 उफेरा जाउन जानो हागौ। Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumor in HIV-infected patients. कापसिनि सारकमा (KS) आ एइच आइ भि सनदेरजानाय बेरामिनाव सरासनस्रायै जाग्रा टिउमार। King's committee produced a report on 30th July, only one month after the publication of Bourne's 9-year study, whose conclusions flatly contradicted those of the Bourne report and recommended badger culling. बर्निनि गु दानारि नायबिजिरसंथायखौ फोसावनायनि से दान उनाव किंगस कमिटिआ गांसे फोरमायथि फोसावो, जाय बर्निनि फोरमायथिजों सौग्रावलायदों आरो बेदजार कालिंखौ गनायथि होदों। Malignant cancers overall have become the most common cause of death of HIV-infected patients. मेलिगनेन्ट केनसारानो एइच आइ भि सनदेरजानाय बेरामिया थैनायनि सरासनस्रा जाहोन। Most of these conditions are infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites that are normally controlled by the elements of the immune system that HIV damages. गोजौनि जाहोनफोरनि बांसिनानो बेक्टेरिया, भाइरास, मैखुन आरो पेरासाइटस बेफोरखौ सरासनस्रायै फाहामथाय बिखान्थिजों दबथायनाय जायो जायखौ एइच आइ भि आ खहा खालामो। Most patients die from opportunistic infections or malignancies associated with the progressive failure of the immune system. बांसिन बिबांनि बेरामिफोरा थैनायनि गुबै जाहोना जादों खाबु लानानै सनदेरनाय आरो देहानि रैखाथि गोहोवा खमायलांनाय Most researchers believe that HIV originated in sub-Saharan Africa during the twentieth century. बांसिन नायबिजिरसंगिरिफोराफोथायोदि एइच आइ भि आ नैजि जौथायावनो आफ्रिकानि खोला साहारायव जागायजेनदोंमोन Mycobacterium bovis causes Tuberculosis in cattle. फिजाग्रा जुनारनि (मोसौ मैसो बोरमा) जक्षा नि जाहोना जादों माइक्रबेक्टेरियाम बभिस New treatments continue to be developed and because HIV continues to evolve resistance to treatments, estimates of survival time are likely to continue to change. गोदान फाहामथाइ बिखान्थिया जौगागासिनो दं आरो बेनिखायनो एइच आइ भि आ फाहामथायनि गेजेरजों रैखाथिनि गोहोखौ दाना लायो, बेखायनो थांना थानायनि थि समा सोलायस्लु Older people have weaker immune systems, and therefore have a greater risk of rapid disease progression than younger people. बैसो जानाय सुबुंफोरहा रैखाथि राहाया लोरबां बेनिखायनो देरफुनाय सुबुंनिख्रुय बैसो जानाय सुबुंनाव बेराम गोसारनाया गोख्रैसिनै जायो। Opportunistic infections are common in people with AIDS. एइडस गोनां सुबुंनि बेलायाव खाबववारि सनदेरनाया सरासनस्रा Other misconceptions are that any act of anal intercourse between gay men can lead to AIDS infection, and that open discussion of homosexuality and HIV in schools will lead to increased rates of homosexuality and AIDS. गुबुन गोरोन्थि सान्नायफोरा जादों गे सुबुङा खिलामाजों आथोन गोरोबनाया एइडस सनदेरहोयो, आरो एखे आथोनजों गोरोबनाय आरो एइच आइ भि नि सोमोन्दै उदाङै सावरायनाया बे एइडस बेरामिनि बिबांखौ बांहोगोन Over three-fourths of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, retarding economic growth and destroying human capital. बे थैनायनि ब्रै बाहागोनि थाम बाहागोवा आफ्रिकानि खोला साहारायाव जादोंमोन आरो बेनो रांखान्थियारि जौगानायाव हेंथा होदोंमोन आरो सुबुं दोहोनखौ सिलिंखार खालामदोंमोन। Patients may also develop seizures and confusion; left untreated, it can be lethal. बेरामिनि सोलेराव बेरामनि हरखाब गाग्लोबनाया गिनाय आरो गोनो गोथो सोमजिहोनो हागौ, फाहामथाय लायाब्ला गिख्रंथाव जानो हागौ। Patients with HIV infection have substantially increased incidence of several malignant cancers. एइच आइ भि साग्लोबजानाय बेरामिनि बेलायाव मेलिगनेन्ट केन्सारा बांसिनै बारायलांनाय जाथायखौबो नुनो मोनो। Penicilliosis due to Penicillium marneffei is now the third most common opportunistic infection (after extrapulmonary tuberculosis and cryptococcosis) in HIV-positive individuals within the endemic area of Southeast Asia. पेनिसिलियाम मार्नेफेइ पेनिसिलिअसिसजों जायो, बेयो आथिखालाव( खोला सानजा एसियाआव एइसआइभि गोनां सुबुंनाव थामथि ससरासनस्रायै सनदेरग्रा पेनिसिलिअसिस। People with AIDS also have an increased risk of developing various cancers such as Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer and cancers of the immune system known as lymphomas. एइडस गोनां सुबुङाबो बायदि रोखोमनि केन्सारफोर जेरै कापइनि सारकमा, बेराम होबथा खान्थियाव जाग्रा केन्सार आरो सारभिकेल केन्सार जायखौ लिमफमास होनना मिथियो बेफोर जौगानायनि गिनांगौआ बाङो । PML is caused by a virus called JC virus which occurs in 70% of the population in latent form, causing disease only when the immune system has been severely weakened, as is the case for AIDS patients. PML आ JC भाइरासजों जायो जाय स्निजि जौखोन्दो सुबुंनाव लोमजानाय महराव नुजाथियो, एइड बेरामिनि बेलायाव जेब्ला बेराम होबथा खान्थिया मैखोमै लोरबां जायो अब्ला लोमजाहोयो । Pneumocystis pneumonia (originally known as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and still abbreviated as PCP, which now stands for Pneumocystis pneumonia) is relatively rare in healthy, immunocompetent people, but common among HIV-infected individuals. निउमसिस्तिस निउमनिया (गुबैयै निउमसिस्तिस केरिनि निउमनिया होनना मिथियो, आरो दासिमबो पि. सि. पि. होनना सुंथाबै लिरनाय जायो, जाय दायो निउमसिस्तिस निउमनियानि थाखाय बाहाय जायो) आ गुफुं, थि बेराम होबथा दाथाय गोनां सुबुं, नाथाय सरासनस्रा एइसआइभि सन्देरजानाय सुबुंफोरनाव फारियै एसे बिबांनिल थायो । Poor access to health care and the existence of coexisting infections such as tuberculosis also may predispose people to faster disease progression. देहा फामथाय मोनै आरो टि. बि. सन्देरनाय गोनांजों लोगोसे थाफानायनि थाखाय बेराम जौगानाया सन्देरजानाय सुबुंनाव गोख्रैसिन जायो । Prevalence is 10–20% in Western countries but only 1–2% of HIV infections in India. सोनाबारि हादरफोराव 10–20% नाथाय भारताव एइसआइभि सन्देरनाया 1–2% ल । Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease, in which the gradual destruction of the myelin sheath covering the axons of nerve cells impairs the transmission of nerve impulses. जौगालु बांनांजाबारि लिउकनसेफेल’पेथि (PML) आ मोनसे माइलिन फोजोबस्रांग्रा बेराम, जेराव माइलिन चीतखौ फारियै फोजोबस्रांना रोदानि जिउसाफोरनि एकसनसखौ बेंखनना रोदानि मावखांनायखौ गाज्रि जाहोयो । Since June 5, 1981, many definitions have been developed for epidemiological surveillance such as the Bangui definition and the 1994 expanded World Health Organization AIDS case definition. जुन 5, 1981निफ्राय मारखिबेरामबिगियान नायगिदिंनायनि थाखाय गोबां बुंफुरलुफोर जौगाहोबाय जेरै बांगुइ बुंफुरलु आरो 1994 आव फेहेरजानाय मुलुग सावस्रि फसंथान एइडस केस बुंफुरलु । Specific neurological impairments are manifested by cognitive, behavioral, and motor abnormalities that occur after years of HIV infection and is associated with low CD4+ T cell levels and high plasma viral loads. थि रोदायारि गाज्रि जानाया मोन्दां गोहो, आखुथायारि, आरो मठर एबनर्मेल जाय एइडस आइ भि सन्देरनायनि बोसोरसे उनाव जायो आरो बाङाइ सिदि4+ ति जिउसा थाखोफोर आरो प्लाजमा जिउसायारि बिबांजों लोगो लादेरो । Symptoms are usually constitutional and are not localized to one particular site, often affecting bone marrow, bone, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, liver, regional lymph nodes, and the central nervous system. बबेबा मोनसे थि जायगायाव थानायनि सोलाय बांसिन समाव लैखोनफोरा सरासनस्रा बिबाङै बन मेर (हारानि मोदोम) हारा, हासुग्रा नाला, आदार नाला, समफ्ल, मिरु स्नायुतन्त्रफोराव गोसारनानै थायो। The appearance of KS tumor in young homosexual men in 1981 was one of the first signals of the AIDS epidemic. 1981 मायथाइआव सेंग्रा रोखोमसे आथोनारि मानसिनि देहायाव नुजाथिनाय के एस एइडस साग्लोबनायनि गिबि इसारा। The effectiveness of culling on the incidence of TB in cattle is a contentious issue, with proponents and opponents citing their own studies to support their position. जिब जुनारनि देहायाव यक्ष्मा सिनायथिनाय हाबाया बिदान्थेनि जाहोन, बेनि मददगिरि आरो बेरेखाफोरा गावसोरनि थाथायनि थाखाय गावबागावनि गियानखौ दैखाङो। The Independent Study Group was chaired by Sir John Bourne and included two statisticians, Professor Cristl Donnelly and Sir David Cox, the most distinguished statistician in the United Kingdom. उदां नायबिजिर हानजानि मासिगिरि जादोंमोन सार जनआ आरो इउनाइटेड किंडमनि सानै मुंदांखा गलेगलेथा रोंगौसा प्रफेसार कृस्टि डनेल्ली आरो सार डेभिड कक्सखौ लाफादोंमोन। The infected person's genetic inheritance plays an important role and some people are resistant to certain strains of HIV. सनदेरजानाय सुबुंनि फोलेरारि थाबोनाय आखुवा गोनां बिफाव लायो, आरो माखासे मानसिफोरहा माखासे थि एइच आइ भि सनदेरनायखौ होबथानो हानायनि गोहो थायो। The King committee did not include any statisticians and did not make use of the Donnelly and Cox statistical model. किं आफादा रावबो गलेगलेथा रोंगौसाखौ लाफादेराखै आरो डनेल्ली आरो कक्सनि गलेगलेथा बिखान्थिखौबो बाहायाखै। The late stage of the condition leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumors. थासारिनि गदाय थाखोआ सुबुंनि सहायनाय गुनखौ खाबु फलान सन्देरग्राफोर आरो टिउमारफोरनो हगारो । The rate of clinical disease progression varies widely between individuals and has been shown to be affected by many factors such as host susceptibility and immune function health care and co-infections, as well as factors relating to the viral strain. क्लिनिकेल बेराम बांनायनि हारा मानसिफोरनि गेजेराव गोबां रोखोमै जायो आरो गोबां जाहोनजों गोहोम गोग्लैनाय दिन्थिजायो जेरै गावनि सहायनाय गुन आरो बेराम होबथायारि हाबा सावस्रि जोथोन आरो लोगोसे सन्देरफानाय, गासैबो जिउसा बांनाय जाहोनफोरजों सोमोन्दो गोनां । The recommendations of the Bourne report came as a surprise to Ministers. बउरने नि फोरमायबिदां गनायथिया मन्थ्रिनाव गोमोथावै सफैयो । The specific opportunistic infections that AIDS patients develop depend in part on the prevalence of these infections in the geographic area in which the patient lives. थि खाबुआरि सन्देरग्राफोरजों बै एइडस बेरामि जौगानाया सोनारो बेफोर सन्देरनायनि नुजाथिनाया बेरामिया जाय भुमखौराङारि ओन्सोलाव थायो । The symptoms of AIDS are primarily the result of conditions that do not normally develop in individuals with healthy immune systems. एइडसनि लैखोनफोरा गाहायै थासारिजों जायो जाय गुफुं बेराम होबथा बिखान्थि गोनां सुबुंनाव सरासनस्रायै जाया । The UK government has not committed itself on the issue, not least because it fears public opinion: badgers are a protected species. इउ के सरकारा इसुआव गावसोरनो गोसो गुदुं नङा, बबेखानि एसेबो नङा मानोना बिसोरो रायजोनि बिबुंथिखौ गियो, बेदजारफोरा जाथोसे संरैखा खालामजानाय जिबि । The UK Government's Chief Scientific Adviser, Sir David King convened a committee to re-examine the Bourne report. इउ के सरकारनि गाहाय गोनोखोआरि बोसोनगिरि सार डेभिद किंआ बर्न फोरमायबिदांखौ नायबिजिरफिननो मोनसे आफाद लेंदोंमोन । The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy prolongs both the median time of progression to AIDS and the median survival time. गोबां बिबांनि गोख्रों एनतिरित्रभाइरेल फाहामथाय बाहायनाया एइडससिम जौगानायनि गेजेर सम आरो थांना थानायनि गेजेर सम मोननैखौबो लावहोयो । These include infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and cytomegalovirus (CMV). बेफोरो माइक्रबेकतेरियाम एभियाम-इनत्रासेलुलार आरो साइतमेगालभिरास(CMV) जों सन्देरनायखौ लाफायो । These particular cancers often foreshadow a poor prognosis. गोबां समाव बेफोर जुनिया केन्सारफोरा लोरबां आगु बेराम सिनायथिनायखौ दिन्थियो । This is primarily due to co-infection with an oncogenic DNA virus, especially Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV), and human papilloma virus (HPV). बेयो गुबैयै अनकजेनिक दिएनए(DNA) भाइरासजों सनदेरफानायनि थाखाय जायो, जर’खायै एपस्तेइन बार भाइरास(EBV), केप’सिस सारक’मा-एस’सियेत हारपस भाइरास(KSHV), आरो हिउमेन पेपिल’मा भाइरास(HPV)। This transmission can come in the form of anal, vaginal or oral sex, blood transfusion, contaminated hypodermic needles, exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, or other exposure to one of the above bodily fluids. बेयो खिथौ, सिफा एबा खुगायारि(oral) आथोनगोरोबनाय, थै सोस्लायनाय, जिउसागोनां हाइपारदेमिक बिजि, गोरबोथानाय, गथ’उजिनाय, एबा आबुदौनाय समाव, बिमा आरो खुदियानि गेजेराव सोलायसोल’जानाय, एबा गोजौनि देहायारि दैलावमुवाफोरनि जायखिजाया मोनसेयाव मोगामोगिजानायनि महराव बे बारस्लायनाया फैनो हागौ। Three of the most common are that AIDS can spread through casual contact, that sexual intercourse with a virgin will cure AIDS, and that HIV can infect only homosexual men and drug users. मोनथाम जोबोद जाफ्लेबायथाग्राया जादोंदि एड्सआ सरासनस्रा सोमोनदोनि गेजेरजों गोसारनो हायो, सासे गोथारआयजोजों आथोनारि गोरोबलायनाया एड्सखौ होखारगोन, आरो एइसआइभिया(HIV) एखेआथोनारिगोरोबनाय हौवाफोर आरो द्राग बाहायग्राफोरखौल’ सनदेरनो हायो। Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii; it usually infects the brain causing toxoplasma encephalitis but it can infect and cause disease in the eyes and lungs. तकस’प्लाजम’सिसआ तकस’प्लाजमा गनदि बुंनाय मोनसेल’-जिबख्रिगोनां बियादजों जाहोजानाय मोनसे बेराम; बेयो सरासनस्रायै टक्सप्लाजमा इनसेफेलेतिसखौ गाज्रिखालामनानै मेलेमखौ सनदेरो नाथाय बेयो मेगन आरो संफ्ल’फोराव सनदेरनो आरो बेराम जाहोनो हायो। Tuberculosis (TB) is unique among infections associated with HIV. एइसआइभि जों सोमोन्दो गोनां सनदेरग्राफोरनि गेजेराव जक्ष्मा (TB) आ जर’खाथार। Tuberculosis can be carried by mammals; domesticated species, such as cats and dogs, are generally free of tuberculosis, but wild animals may be carriers. तिउबारकुल’सिसआ आहारजाग्रा-जिबफोरजों लाबोजायो; फिसिजानाय जिबफोर जेरैबादि मावजिफोर, सैमाफोरा सरासनस्रायै तिउबारकुल’सिसनिफ्राय उदां, नाथाय हाग्रा-जुनारफोरआ लाबोग्राफोर जानो हागौ। Unexplained chronic diarrhea in HIV infection is due to many possible causes, including common bacterial (Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria, Campylobacter, or Escherichia coli). एइसआइभि सनदेरनायाव फोरमायजायि गोबावसम खिसावनाया सरासनस्रा बेकतेरियायारिखौ(सेलमनेला, सिगेला, लिसतेरिया,केमपिलाबेकतेर, एबा एसेलेखिया कलि) लाफानानै माखासे जाथावना जाहोनफोरनि थाखाय जायो। When HIV kills CD4+ T cells so that there are fewer than 200 CD4+ T cells per microliter (µL) of blood, cellular immunity is lost. जेब्ला एइसआइभिआ सिदि4+ ति जिबख्रिफोरखौ बुथारो जाहाथे थैनि मोनफ्रोम माइक्र’लिताराव(µL) 200 निख्रुइ खमसिन सिदि4+ ति जिबख्रिफोर थायो, जिबख्रियारि होबथागोहोआ गोमायो। Without antiretroviral therapy, death normally occurs within a year. एनतिरित्र’भाइरेल थेरापि गैयालासेनो, थैनाया सरासनस्रायै से बोसोर गेजेराव जायो। A number of factors influence the risk of infection, particularly the viral load of the mother at birth (the higher the viral load, the higher the risk). गोबां अनजिमानि जाहोनफोरा सनदेरनायनि खैफोदखौ (Risk) गोहोम खोखलैयो, गुबैयै जोनोमाव बिमानि भाइरेल (Viral) बिबाङा। ( भाइरेल बिबाङा बांद्राय जायोब्ला खैफोद-आबो बांद्राय जायो) Additionally, many nations have decriminalized needle possession and made it possible to buy injection equipment from pharmacists without a prescription. उफेरायै, गोबां हादोरफोरा बिजिनि अधिकार(Possession)खौ गाज्रियै बाहायबाय आरो गनायथि (prescription) नङाबालानो मुलैगला-फोरनिफ्राय इनजेकसन बायनो हाथाव खालामबाय। All AIDS-prevention organizations advise drug-users not to share needles and other material required to prepare and take drugs (including syringes, cotton balls, the spoons, water for diluting the drug, straws, crack pipes, etc). गासै AIDS- होबथा गौथुमफोरा द्राग बाहायग्राफोरखौ बिजिफोर आरो मुलै बानायनो आरो लानो नांगौजानाय गुबुन आयजेंफोरखौ बाहायलायनाङैखौ बिथोन होयो ( सिरेन्ज, खुन बल, सामुस, मुलै गलायनाय दै, स्त्र, क्रेक पाइप बायदिफोरखौ सरजाबफानानै) An undetectable plasma viral load does not necessarily indicate a low viral load in the seminal liquid or genital secretions. मोनसे संदानजायै प्लासमा भाइरेल बिबाङा गोनांथिबादियै सेमिनेल दैलाव एबा आथोनारि लादैफोरनि खम भाइरेल बिबांखौ दिनथिया। Approximately 30% of women in ten countries representing "diverse cultural, geographical and urban/rural settings" report that their first sexual experience was forced or coerced, making sexual violence a key driver of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. बां-हारिमुयारि, भुमखौराङारि आरो सोहोरारि/गामियारि थासारि(settings)फोरखौ दिनथिनानै मोनजि हादोरफोरनि 30 जौखोनदोफ्राम आयजोफोरा फोरमायथियोदि बिसोरनि गिबि आथोनारि रोंमोनदांथिया (experience) जर-जलुमयैसो खालाजादोंमोन, आथोनारि खैसारि खालामनाया HIV/AIDS सनदेरनायनि मोनसे गाहाय दैदेनगिरि। Breastfeeding increases the risk of transmission by 4.04%. आहार जाहोनाया बारस्लायनायनि खैफोदखौ (Risk) 4.04 जौखोनदो बांहोयो। Countries such as Uganda are attempting to curb the MTCT epidemic by offering VCT (voluntary counseling and testing), PMTCT (prevention of mother-to-child transmission) and ANC (ante-natal care) services, which include the distribution of antiretroviral therapy. हादोरफोर, जेरैबादि आगानदाया भि. सि.ति (voluntary counselling and testing) पि.एम.ति.सि.ति (prevention of mother-to-child transmission) ए.एन.सि (ante-natal care) सारभिसफोर होनानै एम.ति.सि.ति महामारि(epidemic)खौ होबथानो नाजागासिनो दं। Current optimal HAART options consist of combinations (or "cocktails") consisting of at least three drugs belonging to at least two types, or "classes," of antiretroviral agents. बोहैथि मोजां(optimal) HAART राहाफोरा एनतिरेत्रभाइरेल थानदैफोरनि(agent) मोननै रोखोम, एबा थाखोफोराव थानाय फ्राय मोनथाम मुलैफोरखौ लाफानानै जथायै दाजायो। Current recommendations state that when replacement feeding is acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe, HIV-infected mothers should avoid breast-feeding their infant. बोहैथि गनायथिफोरा (current recommendations) फोरमायोदि जेब्ला replacement आदार जाहोनाया आजावथाव, मावथाव, खरसाखालामथाव, सहायथाव आरो रैखाथि गोनां जायो, HIV सनदेरजानाय बिमाफोरा बिसोरनि खुदियाफोरखौ आहार जाहोनायखौ नेवसिनांगौ। Current treatment for HIV infection consists of highly active antiretroviral therapy, or HAART. HIV सनदेरनायनि बोहैथि सिकितसाया (treatment) जोबोर मावथि एनतिरेत्रभायरेल थेरापि एबा HAART खौ सरजाबो। Defenders of the Catholic Church's role in AIDS and general STD prevention state that, while they may be against the use of contraception, they are strong advocates of abstinence outside marriage. Catholic Church’s role in AIDS नि होबथागिरिफोर आरो सरासनस्रा STD होबथा-या बुंथियोदि, बिसोर जोनोम होबथा लुलै (contraception) बाहायनाय हेंथा जानो हागौ, गुबुन फारसे बिसोर हाबानि बायजोयाव फेग्रा मुवा बाहायैनि गोख्रों बाथ्रा दानथेगिरिबो। Detection of the virus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) during the window period is possible, and evidence suggests that an infection may often be detected earlier than when using a fourth generation EIA screening test. उइनद समाव (during window period) पलिमेरेस सैइन रिएकसन(PCR) बाहायनानै भाइरास संदाननाया मावथाव, आरो फोरमाना बिथोन होयोदि fourth generation EIA स्क्रिनिं आनजाद बाहायनानै सनदेरनायखौ थाबै संदाननो हायो Donor blood and blood products used in medicine and medical research are screened for HIV. मुलै आरो मेदिकेल आनजादाव बाहायजानाय थै दान आरो थै मुवाफोरखौ HIV-निथाखाय स्क्रिनिं (screening) खालामनाय जायो। Drug abuse has an additional effect of an increased tendency to engage in unprotected sexual intercourse. द्राग गाज्रि-बाहायथिहा होबथाजायै आथोनारि सोमोनदो-आव नांथाबनो मोनसे बांनाय लुबैथिनि उफेरा जाउन दं। During a sexual act, only male or female condoms can reduce the chances of infection with HIV and other STDs and the chances of becoming pregnant. आथोनारि खामानि समाव, हौवा एबा आयजो कनदमफोराल’ HIV आरो गुबुन STD फोर सनदेरनायनि खाबुफोरखौ आरो मोदोमगोरलै (pregnant) जानायनि खाबुफोरखौ खमायो। Each 10-fold increment of blood plasma HIV RNA is associated with an 81% increased rate of HIV transmission. थै रोसि (plasma) HIV RNAनि मोनफ्रोम 10 फल्द बांथाया HIV बारस्लायनायनि 81 जौखोनदो बांनाय हारजों सोमोनदो दं। Epidemiological studies from sub-Saharan Africa, Europe and North America have suggested that there is approximately a four times greater risk of becoming infected with HIV in the presence of a genital ulcer. दालाय साहारान आफ्रिका, इउरप आरो सा-आमेरिकानिफ्राय एपिदेमिअलजिकेल बिजिरसंफोरा बिथोन होयोदि मोनसे आथोनारि गारायनि नुजाथिनायाव HIVजों सनदेरजानायनि खैफोदा ब्रैगुनफ्राम बारासिन दं। Evaluations of several abstinence-only programs in the US showed a negative impact on the willingness of youths to use contraceptives, due to the emphasis on contraceptives' failure rates. आमेरिकानि मोनसेल हाबाफारि –गोबां फेग्रा मुवा बाहायैनि आनजाद नायनाया जोनोमहोबथा मुलै फेलें जानाय हारफोरनि सायाव गोहोम गोगलैनायनि थाखाय लाइमोनफोरनि जोनोमहोबथा मुलै (contraceptive)फोर बाहायनायनि लुबैथियाव मोनसे हेंथा गोहोम दिनथिदोंमोन। Furthermore, only 0.5% of pregnant women attending urban health facilities are counseled, tested or receive their test results. आरोबाव, सोहोरारि देहा खाबुफोर मोनग्रा 0.5 जौखोनदो मोदोमगोरलै (pregnant)आयजोफोरा मोगामोगि लाजायो (counselled) आरो आनजाद नायजायो एबा बिसोर आनजादनि फिथायखौ आजावो। Furthermore, South African medical experts are concerned that the repeated use of unsterilized blades in the ritual circumcision of adolescent boys may be spreading HIV. आरोबाव, खोला आफ्रिकान मेदिकेल गोरोंगोराफोरा दुखुखालामोदि (concerned) देरफुनाय हौवासाफोरनि आसारारि (ritual) आथोनबिजौ हासनायनि(circumcision) फोसाबजायै सुरिफोरनि (blades) गले-गले बाहायनाया जानोहागौ HIV खौ गोसारहोदों। Health care workers (nurses, laboratory workers, doctors etc) are also concerned, although more rarely. जोबोर एसे ब्लाबो देहा जोथोन मावथिफोराबो ( नार्सफोर, लेबरेतरि मावथिफोर,दकतरफोर) दुखु जायो। HIV infection can only be diagnosed by PCR, testing for HIV pro-viral DNA in the children's lymphocytes. HIV सनदेरनायखौ गथफोरनि थैरोसिनि HIV प्र-भाइरेल DNA निथाखाय आनजाद नायनाय PCR जोंल’ संनो हायो। HIV tests are usually performed on venous blood. HIV आनजादफोरखौ सरासनस्रायै भेनास थैयावसो मावफुंजायो। However, according to the WHO, the overwhelming majority of the world's population does not have access to safe blood and "between 5% and 10% of HIV infections worldwide are transmitted through the transfusion of infected blood and blood products". नाथाय, WHOनि बादिब्ला बुहुमनि सुबुंफोरनि जोबोद बांसिन अनजिमाहानो रैखाथि थैनि राहा गैया आरो बुहुमनाङै HIV सनदेरनायफोरनि 5जौखोनदो आरो 10जौखोनदो-आ सनदेरजानाय थै आरो थै मुवाफोरनि सोलायसल गेजेरजों बारस्लायो। However, at present availability of female condoms is very low and the price remains prohibitive for many women. नाथाय, आथिखालाव आयजो कनदमफोरनि बिबाङा जोबोर खमसै आरो बेसेना गोबां आयजोफोरखौ गोजानाव लाखिबाय। However, if this is not the case, exclusive breast-feeding is recommended during the first months of life and discontinued as soon as possible. नाथाय, जाहोना बेयो नङाब्ला,जोनोमनि गिबि दानफोरनि समाव जरखा आहार जाहोनाया गनायथि जायो आरो थाबैनो दोनथनांगौ। However, no evidence has been produced that promotion of condom use increases sexual promiscuity, and abstinence-only programs have been unsuccessful in the United States both in changing sexual behavior and in reducing HIV transmission. नाथाय कनदम बाहायनायनि फोसावदिंनायादि आथोनारि आवसारिखौ( promiscuity) बांहोदों बेनि जेबो फोरमान दिहुनजायाखै आरो जानगाराव थानाय हाबाफारिफोराल आमेरिकायाव मोननैबो आथोनारि आखल सोलाय होनायाव आरो HIV बारस्लानायखौ खमायनायाव जाफुंसारदों। If necessary, manufacturers recommend using water-based lubricants. गोनां जायोब्ला, मुवा कारखाना दै सोनारजानाय फिस्ला मुवाफोर बाहायनो बिथोन होयो। In 2005, around 700,000 children under 15 contracted HIV, mainly through MTCT, with 630,000 of these infections occurring in Africa. गुबैयै MTCTनि गेजेरजों 2005 याव 15 बैसो सिंनि 70,000 फ्रा गथफोरा HIV याव भुगिदोंमोन, बेफोर सनदेरनायफोरनि 630000-आ आफ्रिकायाव जादों। In Africa, the number of MTCT and the prevalence of AIDS is beginning to reverse decades of steady progress in child survival. आफ्रिकायाव MTCTनि बिबां आरो AIDSनि गोसारथिया गथ’ थांना थानायनि लासै दावगासारनाया उलथा जि बोसोर फारसे जागायगासिनो दं। In December 2006, the last of three large, randomized trials confirmed that male circumcision lowers the risk of HIV infection among heterosexual African men by around 50%. 2006, दिसेमबराव खनले खनलेयै खेबथाम गुवार नाजानायफोरनि जोबथा नाजानाया रोखा खालामदोंमोनदि हौवा मानसिनि आथोन बिजौ हासनाया उलथा आथोनारि(Heterosexual) आफ्रिकान हौवासाफोरनि गेरेराव HIVनि खैफोदखौ 50 जौखोनदोफ्राम खमादों। In Europe and the United States, condoms have to conform to European (EC 600) or American (D3492) standards to be considered protective against HIV transmission. इउरप आरो आमेरिकायाव,कनदमफोरखौ इउरपियान(EC-600) एबा आमेरिकान(D3492) मानथाखोजों रोखोमसे खालामनाया HIV बारस्लायनाय हेंथायै होबथानाय गोनां होनना गनाय जायो। In some developed countries, clean needles are available free in some cities, at needle exchanges or safe injection sites. खायसे जौगासार हादोरफोराव, खायसे नोगोरफोरनि बिजि सोलायसल एबा रैखाथि गोनां इनजेकसन थिलिफोराव गोथार बिजिफोरखौ उदङै(free) मोननोहायो In the absence of treatment, the transmission rate between the mother to the child during pregnancy, labor and delivery is 25%. सिकितसानि आंखालाव, मोदोमगोरलै, लेबर(labor) जोनोमनि समाव बिमा फिसा-निगेजेराव बारस्लायनाय हारा 25 जौखोनदो जायो। Individuals whose first specimen indicates evidence of HIV infection will have a repeat test on a second blood sample to confirm the results. जाय व्यक्तिफोरनि(Individual) गिबि लोइखोन(specimen) HIV सनदेरनायनि फोरमानखौ दिनथियो, बिसोर फिथायफोरखौ(results) रोखा खालामनो नैथि थै नमुनायाव repeat आनजाद मोनगोन। Infectivity seems to vary during the course of illness and is not constant between individuals. लोमजानायनि समाव सनदेरथिखौ रोखोम-रोखोम बादिनङो आरो बेयो व्यक्तिफोर-निगेजेराव जाफ्लेबाय थाया। Information on cleaning needles using bleach is available from health care and addiction professionals and from needle exchanges. ब्लिस(bleach) बाहायनानै बिजिफोर गोथार खालामनायनि खौरांखौ निसायारि गोरोंगोराफोर(addiction professionals) आरो बिजि exchange फोरनिफ्राय थोजासे मोननो हायो। It is expected that this intervention will be actively promoted in many of the countries worst affected by HIV, although doing so will involve confronting a number of practical, cultural and attitudinal issues. बेखौ आसाखालामनाय जायोदि बे आखायहोजेननायखौ(intervention) HIVजों गाज्रियै गोहोमखोखलैजानाय गोबां हादोरफोराव मावथियै फोस्रावनाय जागोन, जुदिबो बेबादि मावनाया गोबां अनजिमानि practical, हारिमुयारि,आरो मावगोसोयारि(attitudinal) जेंनाफोरखौ सरजाबफायो। It is important that people use new or properly sterilized needles for each injection. बेयो गोनांथिदि मानसिफोरा मोनफ्रोमबो इनजेकसननि थाखाय गोदान एबा मोजाङै गोथार खालामजानाय बिजिफोरखौ बाहायो। It is possible to find HIV in the saliva, tears, and urine of infected individuals, but there are no recorded cases of infection by these secretions, and the risk of infection is negligible. सनदेरजानाय मानसिफोरनि खुदै, मोदै, हासुदैयाव HIV मोननो हाथाव, नाथाय बेफोर गथायजों(secretion) सनदेरनायनि फोरमानजानाय जाथायफोर गैया, आरो सनदेरनायनि खैफोदा नेवसिजाथाव। Latex condoms degrade over time, making them porous, which is why condoms have expiration dates. लेतेक्स कनदमफोरा सम बाराजानायजों, बेफोर गब्लं जानानै गाज्रि जायो जायनि थाखाय कनदमफोरहा जोरथायारि खालारफोर थायो। Less than 1% of the sexually active urban population in Africa has been tested, and this proportion is even lower in rural populations. आफ्रिकायाव आथानारि मावथि सोहोरारि सुबुंफोरनि 1 जौखोनदो –निख्रुइ खमसिनासो आनजाद खालामजाबाय, आरो बे रुजुथाया बबेखानि गामियारि सुबुंफोरनियाव खमसिन। Manufacturers recommend that oil-based lubricants such as petroleum jelly, butter, and lard not be used with latex condoms, because they dissolve the latex, making the condoms porous. मेनुफेकसारफोरा(manufacturers) गनायथियोदि थाव-गोनां फिस्लामुवफोर(lubricant) जेरैबादि पेत्रलियाम जेलि, माखन आरो मेजेमा(lard) लेतेक्स कनदमफोरजों बाहायजाया, मानोना बेफोर लेतेक्सखौ(latex) आवलिहोयो, कनदमफोरखौ गब्लं खालामनानै। Many laboratories use fourth generation screening tests which detect anti-HIV antibody (IgG and IgM) and the HIV p24 antigen. गोबां आनजादसालिफोरा(laboratories) फर्थ जेनेरेसन स्क्रिनिं(fourth generation screening) आनजादफोर बाहायो जाय एनति-HIV एनतिबदि(lgG and lgM) आरो HIV p24 एनतिजेनखौ संदानो। Many people are unaware that they are infected with HIV. गोबां मानसिफोरा असांग्रांदि बिसोर HIV जों सनदेरजादों। Many religious groups, most noticeably the Roman Catholic Church, have opposed the use of condoms on religious grounds, and have sometimes seen condom promotion as an affront to the promotion of marriage, monogamy and sexual morality. गोबां धोरोमारि हानजाफोर, जोबोर होथावनायै केथलिक गिरजाया धोरोमारि फोथाराव कनदम बाहायनायखौ हेंथा होदों,आरो खायसे समाव जुलि, मनगामि(monogamy) आरो आथोनारि बोसोनथिनि फोस्रावथियाव(promotion) कनदम फोस्रावथिखौ अफमान गोनां महरै नायदों। Medical workers who follow universal precautions or body-substance isolation, such as wearing latex gloves when giving injections and washing the hands frequently, can help prevent infection by HIV. मेदिकेल मावथिफोर, जायफोर सरासनस्रा सांग्रांथि एबा बदि-साब्सतेन्स आइसलेसन (body substance isolation) बाहायो, जेरैबादि- इनजेकसन होनाय समाव लेतेक्स मुजा गाननाय आरो आखायफोरखौ गले गले सुनाया HIV सनदेरनायखौ होबथानो हेफाजाब होयो। Needle sharing is the cause of one third of all new HIV-infections and 50% of hepatitis C infections in North America, China, and Eastern Europe. बिजि बाहायलायनाया गासै गोदान HIV- सनदेरनायफोरनि थामनि से बाहागोनि आरो सा-आमेरिका, सायना, आरो सानजा इउरपनि हेपाताइतिस C सनदेरनायफोरनि 50जौखोनदोनि जाहोन। Of the children currently living with HIV, almost 90% live in sub-Saharan Africa. दासानदि HIVजों थांनाथानाय गथफोरनि 90 जौखोनदोफ्रामया दालाय-साहारान आफ्रिकायाव थायो। Oil-based lubricants can however be used with polyurethane condoms. अब्लाबो, थावगोनां लुब्रिकेन्तफोरखौ(lubricants) पलिउरिथेन कनदमफोरजों बाहायनो हायो। Oral sex is not without its risks as HIV is transmissible through both insertive and receptive oral sex. अरेल-सेक्सया खैफोदफोर गोयै नङा मानोना HIVया मोननैबो सोनाय आरो आजावनाय अरेल सेक्सनि गेजेरजों बारस्लायथाव। People who are infected with HIV can still be infected by other, more virulent strains. HIV जों सनदेरजानाय मानसिफोरा गुबुन गोबां बिखोगोनां गारायफोरजोंबो सनदेरजानो हागौ। PEP also has very unpleasant side effects including diarrhea, malaise, nausea and fatigue. PEPहा खिसावनाय, मालाइसे, नाउसि आरो मेंग्रुनाय बेरामफोरखौ सरजाबफाना जोबोर सुखुयै उफेरा सनदेरथिफोरबो(side effects) दं। PEP has a very demanding four week schedule of dosage. PEPहा मुलै जानायनि जोबोर मुलामफा गोनां ब्रै-सफथा समफारि दं। Positive results obtained by PCR are confirmed by antibody tests. PCRजों दिहुनजानाय पजितिभ(positive) फिथायफोरखौ एनतिबदि आनजादफोरजों रोखा खालामनाय जायो। Post-exposure prophylaxis with anti-HIV drugs can further reduce that small risk. बेरेखा-HIV मुलैफोरजों पस्त एक्सपजार प्रफिलेकजिसया बै खम खैफोदखौ खमायसिननो हायो। Preliminary studies suggest that, where female condoms are available, overall protected sexual acts increase relative to unprotected sexual acts, making them an important HIV prevention strategy. आगु(preliminary) नायबिजिरनायफोर बिथोन होयोदि, जेराव आयजो कनदमफोरा थोजासे, रैखाथि गोयै आथोनारि मावथायफोरनि रुजुनायाव रैखाथि गोनां आथोनारि मावथायफोरा बाङो, बेफोरखौ गोनांथि HIV होबथानाय आदब खालामनानै। Promoting condom use, however, has often proved controversial and difficult. नाथाय कनदम बाहायनायखौ फोसावदिंनाया गोबां समाव बाथ्रादानथेलायनाय आरो गोब्राबथिखौ फोरमान खालामबाय। Routinely used HIV tests for infection in neonates, born to HIV-positive mothers, have no value because of the presence of maternal antibody to HIV in the child's blood. HIV पजितिभ बिमाफोरनियाव उजिनाय खुदियाफोरनिय़ाव सनदेरनायखौ समफारियै बाहायनाय HIVआनजादफोरहा HIV गथनि थैयाव बिमायारि एनतिबदि नुजाथिनायनि थाखाय जेबे मुलामफा/गुन थाया । Sexual assault greatly increases the risk of HIV transmission as protection is rarely employed and physical trauma to the vaginal cavity frequently occurs which facilitates the transmission of HIV. आथोनारि खैसारिया(assault) HIV बारस्लायनायनि खैफोदखौ जोबोरै बांहोयो मानोना रैखाथिखौ खमै बाहायनाय जायो आरो जोआथोन(vaginal) गुदुङाव देहायारि जखमा थाबथाबै नुजायो/जायो जाय HIVनि बारस्लायथिखौ गोरलै खालामो। Sexual transmission occurs with the contact between sexual secretions of one partner with the rectal, genital or oral mucous membranes of another. आथोनारि बारस्लायथिया सासे लोगोनि आथोनारि रोसिफोरजों(secretions) गुबुन सासेनि रेकतेल,आथोनारि एबा गुंखे मेमब्रेनफोरनि गेजेराव जानाय सोमोनदोजों जायो। Sexually transmitted infections (STI) increase the risk of HIV transmission and infection. आथोनारियै बारस्लायनाय सनदेरथिफोरा(sexually transmitted infections-STI) HIV बारस्लायथि आरो सनदेरथिनि खैफोदखौ बांहोयो। Sharing and reusing syringes contaminated with HIV-infected blood represents a major risk for infection with not only HIV, but also hepatitis B and hepatitis C. HIV-सनदेरजानाय थैजों बिजानुखालामजानाय सिरिन्जफोरखौ बाहायलायनाय आरो बाहायफिननाया HIV जोंल सनदेरजानायनि गाहाय खैफोदखौल दिनथिया, नाथाय हेपाताइतिस B आरो Cखौबो दिनथियो। Some experts fear that a lower perception of vulnerability among circumcised men may result in more sexual risk-taking behavior, thus negating its preventive effects. खायसे गोरों गोराफोरा गिदोंदि आथोन बिजौ हासजाग्रा मानसिफोरनि गेजेराव गागलोबजाथावनि सायाव थानाय खम गियाना गोबां आथोनारि खैफोद लानाय आखल सोमजिहोनो हागौ,बेबादिनो बेनि जाउनफोरखौ गाज्रि खालामो। Studies have shown that antiretroviral drugs, caesarean delivery and formula feeding reduce the chance of transmission of HIV from mother to child. नायबिजिरनायफोरा दिनथियोदि एनतिरेत्र भाइरेल, उदै हाना गथ जोनोम होनाय आरो नेमखानथियै आदार जाहोनाया बिमानिफ्राय गथनिसिम HIV बारस्लायनायनि खाबुखौ खमायो। Studies on couples where one partner is infected show that with consistent condom use, HIV infection rates for the uninfected partner are below 1% per year. बिसि-फिसायफोरनि सायाव नायबिजिरनायफोरा, जेराव सासे जिउ लोगोरिया सनदेरजानाय, दिनथियोदि अरायबो कनदम बाहायनायजों बोसोरफ्रोमबो सनदेरजायै जिउलोगोरिनियाव सनदेरनाय हारा 1 जौखोनदो गाहाय जादों। The best evidence to date indicates that typical condom use reduces the risk of heterosexual HIV transmission by approximately 80% over the long-term, though the benefit is likely to be higher if condoms are used correctly on every occasion. दासिम साबसिन फोरमाना दिनथियोदि गुबै(typical) कनदम बाहायनाया गोलाव समनि सायाव हेतेरसेक्सजुएल HIV बारस्लायनायनि खैफोदखौ 80 जौखोनदोफ्राम खमायो, नाथाय मोनफ्रोबो बुब्लियाव कनदमफोरखौ मोजाङै बाहायोब्ला मुलामफाया बांसिन जाबावो। The detection of HIV antibody or antigen in a patient previously known to be negative is evidence of HIV infection. आगोलै नेगेतिभ होनना मोनथि जानाय सासे बेरामिनि HIV एनतिबदि एबा एनतिजेन संनायानो HIV सनदेरनानि फोरमान। The effective use of condoms and screening of blood transfusion in North America, Western and Central Europe is credited with contributing to the low rates of AIDS in these regions. सा-आमेरिका, सोनाब आरो गेजेर इउरपाव थै सोलाय-सलनि स्किनिं खालामनाय आरो जाउन गोनां कनदम बाहायनाया बेफोर ओनसोलफोराव AIDSनि हारफोरखौ खमायनो भानदारि होनायनि थाखाय बाखनाय जायो। The female condom contains an inner ring, which keeps the condom in place inside the vagina – inserting the female condom requires squeezing this ring. आयजो कनदमा इसिङारि रिं थायो, जाय कनदमखौ हिनजाव आथोन सिङाव हमथाना लाखियो- आयजो कनदमखौ सोनो बे रिंखौ खेबथानो गोनां जायो। The female condom is an alternative to the male condom and is made from polyurethane, which allows it to be used in the presence of oil-based lubricants. आयजो कनदमा हौवा कनदमनि मोनसे सोलायराहा आरो बेखौ पलिउरेथेन निफ्राय बानाय जायो, जाय बेखौ थाव-गोनां फिसला मुवाफोरनि नुजाथिनायावसो बाहायनो होनाय जायो । The female condoms are larger than male condoms and have a stiffened ring-shaped opening, and are designed to be inserted into the vagina. आयजो कनदमफोरा हौवा कनदमफोरिनख्रुइ देरसिन आरो गोरा रिं दाथायगोनां मोखां थायो, आरो बेफोरखौ आयजो आथोन सिङाव सोनो हानाय महर होनाय जायो। The majority of HIV infections are acquired through unprotected sexual relations between partners, one of whom has HIV. बांसिन HIV सनदेरनायफोरा जिवलोगोरिफोरनि गेजेराव होबथाजायै आथोनारि सोमोनदोफोर-निगेजेरजों सोमजियो, जाफोरनि सासेहा HIV दं। The male latex condom, if used correctly without oil-based lubricants, is the single most effective available technology to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. थाव-गोयै लुब्रिकेन्तफोरगोयैव, मोजाङै बाहायोब्ला, हौवा लेतेक्स कनदमा आथोनारि HIV बारस्लायनाय आरो आथोनारियै बारस्लायनाय गुबुन सनदेनायफोरखौ खमायनो हारसिङैनो जोबोर थोजासे जाउन गोनां। The only known methods of prevention are based on avoiding exposure to the virus or, failing that, an antiretroviral treatment directly after a highly significant exposure, called post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). होबथानायनि मोनथाजानाय राहाफोराल भाइरास नुजाथिनायखौ नेवसिनाय एबा ,बैखौ फेलें जायोब्ला पस्त एक्सपजार प्रफिलेकजिस(PEP) होननाय जोबोर रोखा नुजाथिनायनि उनाव थोंजोङै एनतिरेत्रभाइरेल सिकितसा लानायाव सोनारो। The primary mode of HIV infection worldwide is through sexual contact between members of the opposite sex. बुहुमनाङै HIV सनदेरनायनि गुदि राहाया(mode) उलथा आथोननि सोद्रोमाफोरनि गेजेराव आथोनारि सोमोनदोनि जोहै जायो। The risk of being infected with HIV from a single prick with a needle that has been used on an HIV-infected person is thought to be about 1 in 150 (see table above). सासे HIV सनदेरजानाय मानसिनाव बाहाजाखानाय जिजिजों खेबसेल सुनायनिफ्राय (prick) HIVजों सनदेरजाजानायनि खैफोदा 150 याव 1फ्राम जायो होनना साननाय जायो(गोजौनि तेबोलखौ नाय)। The risk of HIV transmission from exposure to saliva is considerably smaller than the risk from exposure to semen; contrary to popular belief, one would have to swallow liters of saliva from a carrier to run a significant risk of becoming infected. खुदै गनायनिफ्राय HIV बारस्लायनायनि खैफोदा लादै गनायनिफ्राय जानाय खैफोदनिख्रुइ खमसिन जायो, मुंदांखा फोथोयथि बादिब्ला, सनदेरजाग्रा जानायनि significant खैफोद मोननो सासे मानसिया सनदेरजाग्रा(carrier) फ्राय गोबां लितार खुदैफोर लोंनागोन। The risk of transmitting HIV to blood transfusion recipients is extremely low in developed countries where improved donor selection and HIV screening is performed. थै सोलायसल(blood transfusion) आजावग्राफोरनिसिम HIV बारस्लायनायनि खैफोदा जोबोरैनो खम, जेराव जौगासार(improved) दानगिरि सायखथि आरो HIV स्क्रिनिंखौ मावफुंनाय जायो। The three main transmission routes of HIV are sexual contact, exposure to infected body fluids or tissues and from mother to fetus or child during prenatal period. HIVनि मोनथाम गाहाय बारस्लानाय लामाफोरा जादों- आथोनारि सोमोनदो, सनदेरजानाय सोलेर दैलावफोर एबा तिसुफोराव गोगलैनाय(exposure) आरो गोरबो थानाय समाव बिमानिफ्राय फिसाख एबा गथनिसिम। The transmission of the virus from the mother to the child can occur in utero during the last weeks of pregnancy and at childbirth. गोरबो थानायनि जोबथा सफथाफोर आरो गथ जोनोम समाव इउतेरयाव(utero) बिमानिफ्राय गथनिसिम भायरास बारस्लायनाया सोमजिनो हायो। The United Nations General Assembly, supported by universal medical opinion on the matter, has urged the nations of the world to implement universal precautions to prevent HIV transmission in health care settings. जाथायनि सायाव इउनिभारसेल(universal) देहाफाहामसालि बिबुंथिजों हेफाजाब होजानाय जथाय हादोर सरासनस्रा बिधानसभाया(United Nations General Assembly) हादोरफोरखौ देहा जोथोन फसंथानफोराव HIV बारस्लायनायखौ होबथानो इउनिभारसेल आगु सांग्रांथिखौ बाहायनो नारसिनदों। The WHO estimates that approximately 2.5% of all HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa are transmitted through unsafe healthcare injections. WHO (बुहुमनां देहा फसंथान) हमनालादोंदि दालाय-साहारान आफ्रिकानि गासै एच.आय.वि. सनदेरनायफोरनि 2.5 जौखोन्दोफ्रामा रैखाथि गोयै देहाजोथोन इनजेकसनफोरनि जोहै बारस्लायो | The window period (the time between initial infection and the development of detectable antibodies against the infection) can vary since it can take 3–6 months to seroconvert and to test positive. उइनद पिरियदया (गिबि सनदेरनाय आरो सनदेरनाय हेंथायै संनोहानाय एनतिबदफोर जौगानाय सम) रोखोम रोखोम जानो हायो मानोना बेयो सेरकनभार्त आरो पजितिब आन्जाद खालामनो 3-6 दान लानो हायो। | There is also a significant though lesser increased risk in the presence of STIs such as gonorrhea, Chlamydial infection and trichomoniasis which cause local accumulations of lymphocytes and macrophages. खमैब्लाबो, बेवहाय गनरिया, ख्लेमिदाइल सनदेरनाय आरो त्रिखमनिएसिस बायदि STIनि नुजाथिनायाव मोनसे रोखा बांनाय खैफोदबो दं जाय लिमफसाइतफोर आरो सेक्रफेजफोरनि जायगायारि बिबांफोरखौ(accumulations) सोमजिहोयो। There is currently no vaccine or cure for HIV or AIDS. दासान्दि एच.आय.वि एबा ऐद्सनि थाखाय जेबो भेकसिन एबा रैखाथि गैया | They also believe that the distribution and promotion of condoms is tantamount to promoting sex amongst the youth and sending the wrong message to uninfected individuals. बिसोर फोथायबावो दि कनदम रान्नाय आरो फोसावदिंनाया लायमोनफोरनि गेजेराव आथोनारि गोरोबलायनायखौ समानैनो जौगा होदों आरो सनदेर जायै सुबुंफोरनो नंखाय खौरां दैथायदों | This attitude is also found among some health care providers and policy makers in sub-Saharan African nations, where HIV and AIDS prevalence is extremely high. बे गोसोजानायखौ दालाय साहारान आफ्रिकान हादोरफोरनि खायसे देहा जोथोन राहागिरि आरो आयेन बानायगिरिफोरनि गेजेरावबो मोननाय जादों, जेराव एच.आय.वि आरो ऐद्स गोसारथिया जोबोर बांसिन | This has been highly beneficial to many HIV-infected individuals since its introduction in 1996 when the protease inhibitor-based HAART initially became available. बेयो 1996याव जेब्ला प्रतिस जिउखुंगिरि- सोनारजानाय हार्ताया गिबियै थोजासे जादोंमोन बै दिहुनजेन्नाय समनिफ्रायनो गोबां एच.आय.वि सनदेरजानाय सुबुंफोरनि थाखाय मुलाम्फा जानानै दङो | This risk depends on clinical factors and may vary according to the pattern and duration of breast-feeding. बे खैफोदा क्लिनिकेल बिथिंफोराव सोनारो आरो बेयो आहार दौनायनि दाथाय आरो सम बादियै रोखोम-रोखोम जानो हागौ | This route can affect people who give and receive tattoos and piercings. बे लामाया मानसिफोरखौ गोहोम खोखलैनो हायो जायफोरा तेतुफोर आरो सुफ्लंनायफोरखौ होयो आरो नाजावो | Transmission of HIV between intravenous drug users has clearly decreased, and HIV transmission by blood transfusion has become quite rare in developed countries. इनत्रावेनवस द्राग बाहायग्राफोरनि गेजेराव एच.आय.वि नि बारस्सायनाया रोखायै खमायबाय, आरो थै सोलायसोलजों एच.आय.वि बारस्लायनाया जौगासार हादोरफोराव जोबोर खम जाबोबाय। | Transmission of HIV depends on the infectiousness of the index case and the susceptibility of the uninfected partner. एच.आय.वि बारस्लायनाया इनदेक्स केसनि सनदेरथि आरो सनदेरजायै लोगोरिनि गोहोम खोखलैजाथावनि सायाव सोनारो | Transmission route is particularly relevant to intravenous drug users, hemophiliacs and recipients of blood transfusions and blood products. बारस्लायनायनि लामाया गाहायै  इनत्रावेनवस द्राग बाहायग्राफोर, हेमफिलिएकफोर आरो थै सोलायसल आरो थै मुवाफोरखौ आजावगिरिफोरजों सोमोन्दो गोनां | Typical regimens consist of two nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NARTIs or NRTIs) plus either a protease inhibitor or a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). नंगुबै देहा जौगा होनाय राहाफोरा मोननै निउक्लेअसाइद एनालगिउरिभार्स त्रेन्सक्रिपतेस इनहेबितर्स (NARTIs or NRTIS) लोगोसे जिउखुंगिरि एबा नान-निउक्लिअसाइद रिभार्स त्रेन्सक्रिपतेस इनहेबितर्स(NNRTI)जों दाजानाय। Universal precautions are frequently not followed in both sub-Saharan Africa and much of Asia because of both a shortage of supplies and inadequate training. मुवा जागान आरो थोजासे नङै सोलोंथायनि आंखालनि थाखाय मोननैबो दालाय साहारान आफ्रिका आरो एसियानि गोबां जायगाफोराव इउनिभारसेल आगु सांग्रांथिखौ गले गलेयै फालिनाय जाया | Unprotected receptive sexual acts are riskier than unprotected insertive sexual acts, with the risk for transmitting HIV from an infected partner to an uninfected partner through unprotected anal intercourse greater than the risk for transmission through vaginal intercourse or oral sex. होबथाजायै आजावनाय आथोनारि खामानिफोरा होबथाजायै सोनाय आथोनारि खामानिफोरनिख्रुइ खैफोदसिन, होबथाजायै खिथौयारि आथोनारि सोमोनदोनि गेजेरजों सासे सनदेरजानाय एलोगोनिफ्राय सासे सनदेरजायै लोगोनिसिम HIV बारस्लायनाय खैफोदा आइजो आथोनारि सोमोनदो एबा अरेल आथोनारि सोमोनदोनि गेजेरजों जानाय बारस्लायनायनि खैफोदनिख्रुइ बांसिन। When the mother has access to antiretroviral therapy and gives birth by caesarean section, the rate of transmission is just 1%. जेब्ला बिमाया एनतिलेत्रभायरेल थेरापि मोन्नो हायो आरो उदै हाखावनाय आयदाजों जोनोम होयो बारस्लायनायनि हारा 1 जौखोन्दोल जायो | With consistent and correct use of condoms, there is a very low risk of HIV infection. कनदमफोरनि गले गले आरो मोजाङै बाहानायजों, बेवहाय जोबोर खम एस.आइ. भि सनदेरनायनि खैफोद थायो। Women are more susceptible to HIV-1 infection due to hormonal changes, vaginal microbial ecology and physiology, and a higher prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases. आयजोफोरा हरमन सोलायनाय, आयजो आथोनारि माइक्रबाएल इकलजि आरो फिजिअलजि आरो आथोनारियै बारस्लायनाय बेरामफोरनि गोबां गोसारथिनि थाखाय एच.आय.वि – 1 सनदेरनायजों गोहोम खोक्लै जाथाव | A number of studies have shown that measures to prevent opportunistic infections can be beneficial when treating patients with HIV infection or AIDS. गोबां नायबिजिरनायफोरा दिनथिदोंदि जेब्ला HIV सनदेरनाय एबा AIDS गोनां बेरामिफोरखौ सिखितसा खालामो, खाबुगोनां सनदेरनायफोरखौ होबथानाय राहाफोरा मुलामफा गोनां जानोहागौ। A plasma sample taken in 1959 from an adult male living in Kinshasa, today part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. दिनैनि कंगनि देमक्रितिक रिपाब्लिकनि बाहागो किन्सहासायाव जिव खुंनाय सासे बैसो गोरा हौवा मानसिनिफ्राय 1959याव लाजिनाय मोनसे थैबिदाम नुमुना। A recent study states that HIV probably moved from Africa to Haiti and then entered the United States around 1969. बावैसोखालामनाय नायबिजिरनाया फोरमायोदि HIVया थारैनो आफ्रिकानिफ्राय हायतिसिम दोरोदोंमोन आरो बेनि उनाव 1969याव आमेरिकायाव हाबफैदोंमोन। A study in Côte d'Ivoire showed that households with an HIV/AIDS patient spent twice as much on medical expenses as other households. कट दि आइभोरनि मोनसे नाबिजिरनाया दिनथिदांमोनदि सासे HIV/AIDS बेरामगोनां नखरफोरा गुबुन नखरफोरबादि देहाफाहामसालि खरसायाव नै गुनफ्राम खरसा खालामोमोन। According to scientific consensus, this scenario is not supported by the available evidence. गोनोखोयारि गनायबिबुंथि बादिब्ला, बे थासारिया थोजासे फोरमानजों हेफाजाब होजायाखैमोन। Adult prevalence in 2007 was an estimated 5.0%, and AIDS continued to be the single largest cause of mortality in Sub-Saharan region. 2007 याव बैसोगोरा गोसारथिया हमनालाजानाय 5.0 जौखोनदोमोन, आरो दालाय-साहारान ओनसोलाव AIDS आ हारसिङैनो फोथैनायनि देरसिन जाहोन जागासिनो दंमोन। After over 20 years of research, HIV-1 remains a difficult target for a vaccine. 20 बोसोरनिबारा आनजादनि उनावबो, HIV-1या भेकसिननि थाखाय मोनसे गोब्राब थांखि जानानै दं। AIDS stigma exists around the world in a variety of ways, including ostracism, rejection, discrimination and avoidance of HIV infected people. AIDS नमुनाया सनदेरजानाय मानसिफोरखौ लोगोलाफायै, मुगैनाय, खैसारि आरो नेवसिनायफोरखौ सरजाबफानानै गोबां बिथिंफोराव बुहुमनाङै नुजायो। An estimated 2.5 million (range 1.8–4.1 million) people were newly infected in 2007, including 420,000 children. 2007याव 420,000 गथफोरखौ सरजाबफानानै, हमनानै लानाय 2.5 मिलियन (1.8-4.1मिलियन) सुबुंफोरा गोदानै सनदेरजादोंमोन। An increase in workers’ time off to look after sick family members or for sick leave will also lower productivity. बेरामि नखर सोद्रोमाफोरखौ जोथोन लानायाव खामानि मावग्राफोरनि समथांगारनाय बांनाय एबा बेरामनि थाखाय सुथि लानायाबो दिहुनथायखौ खमागोन। Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 are of primate origin. मोननैबो HIV-1 आरो HIV-2आ आहारजाग्रा जिबिनि सोमजिथाय। By killing off mainly young adults, AIDS seriously weakens the taxable population. गुबैयै लाइमोन सेंग्राफोरखौ बुथारनायजों, AIDSआ गाज्रियै खाजोना लाथाव सुबुंफोरखौ लोरबां खालामदों। Compulsory HIV testing without prior consent or protection of confidentiality; violence against HIV infected individuals or people who are perceived to be infected with HIV. गिबि गनायथि एबा सिंनि बाथ्रा रैखाथि गैयाजासे गोनां HIV आनजाद खालामनाय; HIV सनदेरजानाय बेकथिनि बेरेखा हिंसाजानाय एबा जाय सुबुंया HIVजों सनदेरजानाय होन्ना फोसावजानाय। Conclusions reached from models of the growth trajectories of 30 sub-Saharan economies over the period 1990–2025 were that the economic growth rates of these countries would be between 0.56 and 1.47% lower. 1990-2025 समनि सायाव 30 दालाय-साहारान रांखान्थिफोरनि बांनाय त्रेजेकतरिफोरनि बिदिन्थफोरनिफ्राय सहैनाय गरनथफोरा जादोंमोन, बेफोर हादोरफोरनि रांखानथि बांनाय हारफोरा 0.56 आरो1.47% सिंनि गेजेराव जागोन। Courtesy AIDS stigma is stigmatization of people connected to the issue of HIV/AIDS or HIV- positive people. लाहि एइद्स नुमुनाया HIV/AIDS एबा HIV पजितिभ मानसिफोरनि जेंना जों सोमोनदो गोनों मानसिफोरनि स्तिगमाताइजेसन। Daily multivitamin and mineral supplements have been found to reduce HIV disease progression among men and women. सानफ्रोमबो बाहायनाय बांभितामिन आरो मिनारेल साप्लिमेन्तफोरखौ हौवाफोर आरो आयजोफोरनि गेजेराव HIV बेराम जौगानायखौ खमायग्रा महरै मोननाय जादों। Despite recent, improved access to antiretroviral treatment and care in many regions of the world, the AIDS pandemic claimed an estimated 2.1 million (range 1.9–2.4 million) lives in 2007 of which an estimated 330,000 were children under 15 years. बुहुमनि गोबां ओनसोलफोराव एनतिरेत्रभायरेल सिखितसा आरो जोथोननि गोदान जौगासार राहा थासेयावबो, AIDS गोसारथिया 2007याव 2.1 मिलियनफ्राम जाहोदोंमोन, जायनि 330,000फ्रामा 15 बोसोरसिंनि गथफोरमोन। Despite the widespread use of complementary and alternative medicine by people living with HIV/AIDS, the effectiveness of these therapies has not been established. HIV/AIDS जों थांनानै थानाय मानसिफोरजों जाफुंसार आरो सोलाय-सल गुवार मुलै बाहाय सेयावबो, बेफोर थेरापिफोरनि जाउनफोरा उदाय जायाखै/गायसनजायाखै। Examples of alternative medicine that people hoped would improve their symptoms or their quality of life include massage, stress management, herbal and flower remedies such as boxwood, and acupuncture. मानसिफोरा बिसोरनि बेराम नेरसोनफोरखौ एबा बिसोरनि जिवनि गुनखौ जौगाहोगोन होनना मिजिंखालामनाय सोलाय-सल मुलैनि बिदिनथिफोरा मालिस, स्त्रेसमेनेजमेन्त, हारबेल आरो बिबार रिमेदिफोर जेरैबादि बक्सउद आरो एकुपांसार फोरखौ सरजाबफायो। Globally, an estimated 33.2 million people lived with HIV in 2007, including 2.5 million children. बुहुमनाङै, 2007याव 2.5 मिलियन गथफोरखौ सरजाबफानानै हमनालानाय 33.2 मिलियन मानसिफोरा HIV जों थांनानै दंमोन। HAART allows the stabilization of the patient’s symptoms and viremia, but it neither cures the patient of HIV, nor alleviates the symptoms, and high levels of HIV-1, often HAART resistant, return once treatment is stopped. HAARTया बेरामिनि लोइखोन आरो भिरेमियानि दिदोमथिखौ हगारो(allows), नाथाय बेयो HIV बेरामिखौबो फाहामा एबा बेराम लोइफोनफोरखौबो खमाया, आरो HAART हेंथा थासेयावबो, गोजौ बिबांनि HIV-1या सिखितसाखौ खेबसे दोनथब्लानो नुजाफिनो। HAART is thought to increase survival time by between 4 and 12 years. HAARTया थांना थानायनि समखौ 4 आरो 12 बोसोरफोरनि गेजेराव बांहोयो होनना सानजायो। HIV and AIDS retard economic growth by destroying human capital. HIV आरो AIDS या मानसि धोनखौ फोजोबस्रांनानै रांखानथि जौगानायखौ दबथायो। HIV disease progression in children is more rapid than in adults. गथफोरनाव HIV बेराम जौगानाया बैसोगोरफोरनिख्रुइ बांसिन गोख्रै। HIV found in tissue samples from "Robert R.", a 15 year old African-American teenager who died in St. Louis in 1969. आफ्रिकान-आमेरिकान, सासे 15 बोसोर बैसो लायमोन “रबार्त आर” निफ्राय तिसु नमुनाफोराव HIV मोननाय, जाय 1969 याव सेन्त लुइसयाव थैदोंमोन। HIV found in tissue samples from ArvidNoe, a Norwegian sailor who died around 1976. सासे नरवेगियान नाविक आरभिदनए-निफ्राय तिसु नमुनाफोराव HIV मोननाय, जाय 1976याव थैदोंमोन। In 2000, the rate of growth of Africa's per capita GDP was in fact reduced by 0.7% per year from 1990–1997 with a further 0.3% per year lower in countries also affected by malaria. 2000 याव, मेलेरिया जोंबो गोहोमखोखलै जानाय हादोरफोराव बोसोरफ्रोमबो 0.3% खमजाबावनायजों 1990 निफ्राय 1997 सिम बोसोरफ्रोमबो आफ्रिकानि पार केपिता GDPनि बांनायनि हारा थारैनो 0.75% खमजादोंमोन। In areas where it is widely available, the development of HAART as effective therapy for HIV infection and AIDS reduced the death rate from this disease by 80%. जाय ओनसोलफोराव बेयो गुवारै थोजासे, HIV सादेरनाय आरो AIDS निथाखाय जाउनगोनां थेरापि महरै HAARTनि जौगानाया बे बेरामनिफ्राय थैनाय हारखौ 80 जौखोनदो खामायदोंमोन। In developed countries where HAART is available, doctors assess the viral load, rapidity in CD4 decline, and patient readiness while deciding when to recommend initiating treatment. जौगालु हादोरफोराव, जेराव HAART या थोजासे, जागायजेननाय सिकितसाखौ माब्ला गनायथिनो थिरांथा खालामनाय समाव, दाकतारफोरा भाइरेल बिबां, CD4 खामायनायनि गोख्रैथि आरो बेरामि जागायजेननायखौ नायबिजिरो। In many developed countries, there is an association between AIDS and homosexuality or bisexuality, and this association is correlated with higher levels of sexual prejudice such as anti-homosexual attitudes. गोबां जौगासार हादोरफोराव, AIDS आरो हमसेकसुएलिति एबा बाइसेकसुएलितिनि गेजेराव मोनसे सोमोनदो दं, आरो बे सोमोनदोआ आथोनारि हानिनि बांसिन बिबांफोर जेरैबादि हमसेकसुएल गोसोफोरजों(attitude) खाथि सोमोनदो दं। In some heavily infected areas, the epidemic has left behind many orphans cared for by elderly grandparents. माखासे बांद्राय सनदेरजानाय ओनसोलफोराव बारदेरनाया बैसोदेरसिन बिबौ-बिबैफोरजों जोथोनलाजानाय गोबां मवरियाफोर गारलांदों। In the absence of HAART, progression from HIV infection to AIDS occurs at a median of between nine to ten years and the median survival time after developing AIDS is only 9.2 months. HAART गोयैयाव, HIV सनदेरनायनिफ्राय AIDS सिम जौगाहैनाया गु-जि बोसोरफोरनि गेजेरनि मेदियानाव(median) जायो आरो AIDS जौगानायनि उनाव मेदियान थांनाथानाय समा 9.2 दानल जायो। In the first decade of the epidemic when no useful conventional treatment was available, a large number of people with AIDS experimented with alternative therapies. महामारिनि गिबि जिथायाव जेब्ला जेबि बाहायफुं गनायथाव(conventional) सिकितसा गैयामोन, AIDS गोनां गोबां बिबांनि मानसिफोरखौ सोलाय-सल थेरापिफोरजों आनजादनायदोंमोन। Increased mortality will also weaken the mechanisms that generate human capital and investment in people, through loss of income and the death of parents. बांनाय थैथायाबो आरजिनायनि लकसान आरो बिमा बिफा थैनायनि गेजेरजों मानसि धोन आरो मानसिफोरनि रां जमायनायनि राहाफोरखौ लोरबां खालामगोन। Indeed, since 1992 predictions that AIDS would slow economic growth in these countries have been published. थारैनो, 1992निफ्राय आनदाज खालामनाय जादोंदि AIDSया बेफोर हादोरफोराव रांखाथि जौगानायखौ लासैखालामगोनखौ फोसावखानाय जादोंमोन। India has an estimated 2.5 million infections and an estimated adult prevalence of 0.36%. भारतहा हमनालाजानाय 2.5 मिलियन सनदेरनायफोर आरो हमनालानाय 0.36 जौखोनदो बैसोगोरानि गोसारथि दं। Indirectly there are also important implications on the supply chain. खेंसालियायै बेवहाय जगायनाय सैइननि सायाव गोनां बाहायथिफोरबो दं। Instrumental AIDS stigma is a reflection of the fear and apprehension that are likely to be associated with any deadly and transmissible illness. दाजेमारि AIDS नमुनाया गिनाय आरो सोमखिनायनि मोनसे मोदानथि जायखौ जायखि जाया गिथावना आरो बारस्लायथाव नोरजियाजों सोमोनदो थानायबादि नङो । It has been postulated that only a vaccine can halt the pandemic because a vaccine would possibly cost less, thus being affordable for developing countries, and would not require daily treatments. बेखौ गनायथिनाय जादोंदि भेकसिनाल महमारिखौ होबथानो हायो मानोना भेकसिना थारै खम खरसागोनां, बिदिनो जौगालु हादोरफोरनि थाखाय राहा खालामथाव, आरो सानफ्रोमबो सिकितसाफोरनि गोनां जाया। Laboratory parameters are less predictive of risk for disease progression, particularly for young infants, treatment recommendations are more aggressive for children than for adults. आनजादसालि पेरामिटारफोरा बेराम जौगानाय खैफोदौ खम आनदाजखालामनो हायो, गुबैयै उनदै गथफोरनिथाखाय, सिकितसा गनायथिफोरा बैसोगोराफोरनिख्रुइ गथफोरनिथाखाय बांसिन जरगोनां। Life expectancy has fallen dramatically in the worst-affected countries; for example, in 2006 it was estimated that it had dropped from 65 to 35 years in Botswana. गाज्रियै गोहोमगोगलैनाय हादोरफोराव जिव हासथायथिया जोबोरै गोगलैसोबाय, बिदिनथिबादियै 2006याव बेखौ हमना लानाय जादोंमोनदि बेयो बत्सवानायाव 65 निफ्राय 35 बोसोरफोरसिम खमायदोंमोन। Major psychosocial issues, such as poor access to medical care, inadequate social supports, psychiatric disease and drug abuse contribute to non-adherence. देहाफाहामसालि जोथानाव गाज्रि राहा, थोजासेनङै समाजारि हेफाजाबफोर, मेलेमनि बेराम आरो द्राग बाहायनाय बायदि गाहाय साइकससियेल जेंनाफोरा गनायैखौ(non-adherence) हेफाजाब होयो। Many governments in sub-Saharan Africa denied that there was a problem for years, and are only now starting to work towards solutions. दालाय-साहारान आफ्रिकानि गोबां सोरखारफोरा गनायाखैमोनदि बेवहाय गोबां बोसोरनि थाखाय मोनसे जेंना दंमोन, आरो दासो जेंना सुस्रांनायफोरनि फारसे खामानि मावनो जागायदों। Many HIV-infected individuals have experienced remarkable improvements in their general health and quality of life, which has led to the plummeting of HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. गोबां HIV सनदेरजानाय मानसिफोरा गावसोरनि जिवनि सरासनस्रा देहा आरो गुनाव नोजोरहोथाव जौगासारनायफोरखौ रोमोनदांबाय, जाय HIV सोमोनदो गोनां जिंगा आरो थैनायनि हरखाब खमायलांनायखौ दैदेनदों। Many multi-national corporations (MNCs) have therefore gotten involved in HIV/AIDS initiatives of three main types: a community-based partnerships, supply chain support, and sector-based initiatives. बेनिखायनो गोबां बां-हादोरारि कर्परेसनफोरा मोनथाम गाहाय रोखोमनि HIV/AIDS मावगानफोर: समाजारि लोबबा गोनां बाहागोगिरिफोर, चाप्लाइ सैइन चापर्ट, आरो सेकटर लोबबा गोनां मावगानफोराव सरजाब जाफाबाय। Many patients may benefit from prophylactic therapy for toxoplasmosis and Cryptococcus meningitis as well. गोबां बेरामिफोरा तकसअप्लासमसिस आरो लोगोसे क्रिपतकअककास मेनिंगितिसनि थाखाय प्रफिलेकतिक थारापिनिफ्राय मुलामफाजानो हागौ। Moreover, it would take more than the lifetime of an individual to be cleared of HIV infection using HAART. बेनिअनगोयैबो, HAART बाहायनानै HIV सनदेरनायखौ फोजोबस्रांनो, बेयो सासे मानसिनि जिव-समनिख्रुइ बारासिन लागोन। Most experts believe that HIV probably transferred to humans as a result of direct contact with primates, for instance during hunting or butchery. गोबां गोरों गोराफोरा फोथायोदि HIVआ थारैनो जुनारफोरजों थोंजों सोमोनदोनि फिथाय महरै मानसिफोरनियाव बारस्लायदोंमोन, बिदिनथि बायदियै मैहुर एबा गोदानाय समाव। Non-adherence and non-persistence with antiretroviral therapy is the major reason most individuals fail to get any benefit from and develop resistance to HAART. एनतिरेत्रभाइरेल थेरापिखौ गनायै आरो बाहायफ्लेबायथायैयानो गोबां सानसिफोरा HAARTनिफ्राय जेबो मुलामफा आरो जौगा होबथाथि मोननो फेलेंजानायनि गाहाय जाहोन। ODI is estimated that a company can generate an average return of US$3 for every US$1 invested in employee health due to a reduced absenteeism, better productivity and reduction in employee turnover. ODI खौ हमनालादोंदि मोनसे कमपेनिया फेग्राबाहायग्रानि खमायनाय, साबसिन दिहुनथाय खामानि आरो साख्रिआवला बिबांनि खमायथिनि थाखाय साख्रिआवला देहायाव मोनफ्रोम 1 आमेरिका दलार रां जमायनायनि थाखाय 3 आमेरिका दलारनि मोनसे गर गिदिंफिननायखौ सामलायनो हायो। Often, AIDS stigma is expressed in conjunction with one or more other stigmas, particularly those associated with homosexuality, bisexuality, promiscuity, and intravenous drug use. गोबांसमाव, AIDS नुमुनाखौ मोनसे एबा गुबुन गोबां नुमुनाफोरनि जथायथियाव फोरमायनाय जायो, गुबैयै जायफोर होमोसेक्ससुएलिति, बाइसेक्ससुएलिति, प्रमिसकुइति आरो इनत्राभेनास द्राग बाहायनायजों सोमोनदो दं। On the level of the household, AIDS results in both the loss of income and increased spending on healthcare by the household. नखरनि थोरफोयाव, AIDS-या नखरजों देहा जोथोनाव खामायनायनि लकसान आरो बांनाय खरसा मोननैखौबो सोमजिहोयो। Other regions, most people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa in 2007 (61%) were women. गुबुन ओनसलफोर, 2007याव दालाय-साहारान आफ्रिकायाव HIV जों थांनाथानाय बांसिन मानसिफोरानो आयजोफोरमोन (61 जौखोनदो)। Patients with substantial immune suppression are also advised to receive prophylactic therapy for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP). बांद्राय इममिउन नारसिनथाय गोनां बेरामिफोराबो Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) निथाखाय प्रफिलेकटिक थेरापिखौ आजावनो बिथोन होजायो। Recent research by the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) has suggested that the private sector has begun to recognize the impact of HIV/AIDS on the bottom line, both directly and indirectly. अभारसिस देबेलपमेन्त इसतितिउत (ODI)नि बावैसोनि नायबिजिरनाया बिथोन होदोंदि गावआरि खोनदोया(private sector) मोननैबो थोंजोङै आरो खेंसालियायै सिं सिरियाव HIV/AIDS नि जाउनखौ सिनायनो जागायजेनबाय। Reducing the resources available for public expenditures such as education and health services not related to AIDS resulting in increasing pressure for the state's finances and slower growth of the economy. समाजारि खरसानि थाखाय थानाय थोजासे फुंखाफोरखौ खमायनानै, जेरैबाइदि सोलोंथाय आरो AIDS जों सोमोनदो गोयै देहा सारभिसफोरा हादोरनि रांखानथिनि थाखाय बांनाय नारसिनथाय आरो लासै रांखानथि जौगानायखौ सोमजिहोदों। Research to improve current treatments includes decreasing side effects of current drugs, further simplifying drug regimens to improve adherence, and determining the best sequence of regimens to manage drug resistance. बोहैथि सिकितसाफोरखौ साबद्राय खालामनो लानाय नायबिजिरनायसंनाय बोहैथि मुलैफोरनि उफ्रा जाउनफोरखौ खमायनाय, फालिनायखौ साबद्रायखालामनो मुलै नेमखानथिफोरखौ गोरलैसिन खालामबावनाय, आरो मुलै हेंथाखौ सामलायनो नेमखानथिफोरनि साबसिन जाउनफोरखौ थिरांथा खालामनाय बायदिफोरखौ सरजाबफायो। Some individual nutrients have also been tried. Anti-retroviral drugs are expensive, and the majority of the world's infected individuals do not have access to medications and treatments for HIV and AIDS. खायसे सुबुंङारि निउत्रिएन्तफोरखौबो नाजानाय जादों। एनतिरेत्रभाइरेल मुलैफोरा बेसेन गोसा, आरो बुहुमनि सनदेरजानाय मानसिफोरनि बांसिनहानो HIV आरो AIDS नि थाखाय मुलैफोर आरो सिकितसाफोरनि राहा थाया। South Africa has the largest population of HIV patients in the world, followed by Nigeria and India. नायजेरिया आरो भारतजों उनहोसो जानाय, खोला आफ्रिकाहा बुहुमावनो बांसिन HIV बेरामिफोरनि सुबुंअनजिमा दं। South and South East Asia are second worst affected; in 2007 this region contained an estimated 18% of all people living with AIDS, and an estimated 300,000 deaths from AIDS. खोला आरो खोला सानजा एसियाया नैथि गाज्रियै गोहोम खोखलैजादों, 2007याव बे ओनसोला AIDS जों थांनाथानाय गासै आरो AIDS निफ्राय हमनालानाय 30,0000 थैनायमोनदोंमोन। Sub-Saharan Africa remains by far the worst affected region. दालाय साहारान आफ्रिकाया गाज्रियै गोहोमखोखलै जानाय ओनसोलनि गोजानाव दं। Symbolic AIDS stigma is the use of HIV/AIDS to express attitudes toward the social groups or lifestyles perceived to be associated with the disease. नेरसोनगोनां AIDS नमुनाया जादों बेरामजों सोमोन्दो गोनां होन्ना सान्ना लाजानाय समाज हानजाफोर एबा जिवराहाफोरनि फारसे थानाय गोसोनि सान्नायखौ फोरमायनो HIV/AIDS नि बाहायथि। The AIDS pandemic can also be seen as several epidemics of separate subtypes. AIDS गोसारथिखौ आलादा दालाय रोखोमफोरनि गोबां महामारि महरैबो नुनो मोनो। The complexity of these HAART regimens, whether due to pill number, dosing frequency, meal restrictions or other issues, along with side effects that create intentional non-adherence, also has a weighty impact. उफेरा जाउनफोरजों लोगोसे मुलैनि बिबां, खनले खनले पालि बाहायनाय, आदार नेमफोर एबा गुबुन जेंनाफोरा जायनि थाखायनो जायामानो, गोसोबादियै नेमफालियैखौ सोमजिहोयो, बेफोर HAART नेमखानथिफोरनि जेंनाहाबो गिलिर गोहोम दं। The Copenhagen Consensus is a project that seeks to establish priorities for advancing global welfare using methodologies based on the theory of welfare economics. कपेनहेगेन कनसेनसासया मोनसे बिथांखि जाय रांखानथि अनसायनायनि थिवरिनि(theory) सायाव सोनारजानाय आदबफोरखौ बाहायनानै दावगालु बुहुमनां अनसायथिनि थाखाय गोनांथिफोरखौ(priorities) गायसननो लुबैदों। The definition of "alternative therapies" in AIDS has changed since that time. AIDS नि “ सोलायसोल थेरापिफोर” नि बुंफुरथिया बै समनिफ्राय सोलायबाय। The degree of impact depended on assumptions about the extent to which illness would be funded by savings and who would be infected. फिथायनि अनजिमा गनायनाया बांनायनि सोमोन्दोनि सोयाव सोनारो जाय लोगै सनदेरफाजानाया जाय आरो बेमारिया रां अनसुंथायजों सहाय होजागोन। The economists estimated that an investment of $27 billion could avert nearly 30 million new infections by 2010. रांखानथिगिरिफोरा हमनालादोंमोनदि 27 दलार बिलियननि रां बाहायनाया 2010याव 30 मिलियनफ्राम गोदान सनदेरथिफोरखौ होबथानो हादोंमोन। The forecast is that AIDS will likely cause a collapse of economies and societies in the region. अनुमाना बेयोदि, जानोहागौ AIDS या ओनसोलनि रांखानथि आरो समाजफोरनि गोगलैसोनायखौ सोमजिहोनो हागौ। The forecast now is that the growth of GDP for these countries will undergo a further reduction of between 0.5 and 2.6% per annum. दानि आनदाजा (FORECAST) बेनोदि बेफोर हादरफोरनि थाखाय GDPनि बांनाया आरोबाव बोसोरफ्रामबो 0.5 आरो 2.6% गेजेराव खामायबावनाय। The highest priority was assigned to implementing new measures to prevent the spread of HIV and AIDS. HIV आरो AIDS नि गोसोरनायखौ होबथानो गोदान राहाफोर बाहायनो गोजौसिन गोनांथिखौ मावहोनाय जादोंमोन। The impact on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was less conclusive. ग्रस दमेसतिक प्रदाक्त (GDP)पार केपिटानि सायाव गोगलैनाय गोहोमा खम फोरमानगोनांमोन। The income effects of this lead to spending reduction as well as a substitution effect away from education and towards healthcare and funeral spending. बेनि मुलामफा फिथाया बाहायनाय खमायो लोगोसे मोनसे सोलायनाय फिथाय सोलोंथाय निफ्राय जानगार आरो देहास्रिजोथोन फारसे आरो funeral बाहायनाय दैदेनो। The increased mortality in this region will result in a smaller skilled population and labor force. बे ओनसोलनि बांनाय थैथाया रोंगुन सुबुं आरो खामानि मावग्रा गोहोखौ खम जाहोगोन। The major factors in AIDS’s spread are sexual transmission and vertical transmission from mother to child at birth and through breast milk. AIDS नि गोसारथिनि गाहाय जाहोनफोरा जादों आथोनारि बारस्लायनाय आरो जोनोमाव आरो आहारनि गेजेरजों बिमानिफ्राय गथनिसिम भारतिकोल बारस्लायनाय। The median survival rate after diagnosis of AIDS in resource-limited settings where treatment is not available ranges between 6 and 19 months, depending on the study. नायबिजिरनायनि सायाव सोनारनानै, खम फुंखाफोर गोनां जायगाफोराव(settings), जेराव सिकितसाया थोजासे नङा, AIDS दायगनसिसनि उनाव गर थांना थानाय हारा 6 आरो 19 दानफोरनि गेजेराव जायो। The origin of HIV-1 is the Central Common Chimpanzee (Pan troglodyte’s troglodytes) found in southern Cameroon. HIV-1नि गुदिया जादों खोला केमेरुनाव मोननाय सेन्ट्रेल कमन सिपानजि (Pan troglodyte’s troglodytes) । The package disposes, among other things, categorized guidelines on clinical management, education and counselling of AIDS victims at community level. समाजारि थाखोयाव थफ्लाया, गुबुन मुवाफोरनि गेजेराव, AIDS भुगिग्राफोरनो क्लिनिकेल सामलायथिनि सायाव बाहागो रानजानाय बोसोनफारिफोर, सोलोंथाय आरो बोसोन (counselling) रानो। The package, which is in form of eight modules focusing on basic facts about HIV and AIDS, was pre-tested in Zimbabwe in March 2006 to determine its adaptability. HIV आरो AIDS नि गुदि जाहोनफोरनि सायाव नोजोरहोनाय मोनदाइन मदिउलफोरनि महराव थानाय बे पेकेजखौ बेनि जाफुंसारनायखौ थिखालामनो 2006 मार्चयाव जिमबाबवेयाव आगु आनजाद खालामनाय जादोंमोन। The participants are all economists, with the focus of the project being a rational prioritization based on economic analysis. रांखानथि नायबिजिरनाय सायाव रुजुथायारि गोनांथिगोनां बिथांखिनि नोजोरजों, बाहागोलागिरिफोरा गासैबो  रांखानथिगिरिफोर जागोन। The project is based on the contention that, in spite of the billions of dollars spent on global challenges by the United Nations, the governments of wealthy nations, foundations, charities, and non-governmental organizations. इउनाइतेत नेसोन, धोनि हादोरफोरनि सोरखाफोर,आफादफोर, दानगिरिफोर आरो बे-सोरखारि गौथुमफोरजों बुहुमनां जुजिनायाव गोबां बिलियन दलार खरसा खालामसेयावबो बिथांखिया बाथ्रा दानथेनि सायाव सोनारदों। The reasons for non-adherence and non-persistence with HAART are varied and overlapping. HAART जों नांजाबनाय आरो नाजानाय गैयै फोरनि जाहोना रोखोम रोखोम आरो बारायलांनाय। The side effects include lipodystrophy, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, an increase in cardiovascular risks and birth defects. उफेरा जाउनफोरा लिपअदाइसत्रफि, दाइस्लिदाइएमिया, इनसुलिन होबथानाय, कारदिअभासकुलार खैफोदफोर आरो जोनोम जेंनाफोरखौ सरजाबो। There is also a perceived association between AIDS and all male-male sexual behavior, including sex between uninfected men. बेवहाय, सनदेरजायै मानसिफोरनि गेजेरनि आथोन सोमोनदोखौ सरजाबफानानै AIDS आरो हौवा-हौवा आथोनारि आखुनि गेजेराव हमदांहानाय खौसेथिबो दं। These estimates may be an underestimate, as they do not look at the effects on output per capita. बेफोर हमनालानायफोरा underestimate बोजानोहागौ, मानोना बिसोर नुजानाय पार केपितानि जाउनफोराव नोजोर होया। They will not only be unable to work, but will also require significant medical care. बिसोर मावनो हायैल जानाय नङा , नाथाय साबसिन देहाफामसालि जोथोनबो नांगोन। This average reflects the fact that for some patients – and in many clinical cohorts this may be more than fifty percent of patients – HAART achieves far less than optimal results. बे गरआ थारखौ दिनथियोदि खायसे बेरामिफोरनिथाखाय आरो गोबां क्लिनिकल हेफाजाबथिलिफोराव बेयो बेरामिफोरनि बाजि जौखोनदोनिख्रुइबो बारा जानो हागौ-HAART आ गोगगो फिथायफोरनिख्रुइ गोबां खम जाफुंसारो। This could become an important low-cost intervention provided during early HIV disease to prolong the time before antiretroviral therapy is required. एनतिरेत्रभाइरेल थेरापि नांगौजानाय सिगां, समखौ गोलावसिनखालामनो बेयो आगु HIV बेराम समाव होजानाय गोनां खम बेसेन मावआगान जानो हादोंमोन। This is due to a variety of reasons such as medication intolerance/side effects, prior ineffective antiretroviral therapy and infection with a drug-resistant strain of HIV. बेयो गोबां जाहोन फोरनि थाखाय जायो जेरैबाइदि मुलैलानायाव धर्जगोयै/उफेरा जाउनफोर, जाउनगोयै एनतिरेत्रभाइरेल थेरापि आरो HIVनि मुलि होबथा जेंनाजों सनदेरनाय। This is especially true if the sharp increase in adult mortality shifts the responsibility and blame from the family to the government in caring for these orphans. बैसोगोरा थैनायनि रोखा बांनाया बेफोर मावरियाफोरखौ जोथोन लानायाव बिबान आरो दाया नखरनिफ्राय सोरखारसिम थाङोब्ला बेयो गमामायैनो सैथो। This results in a slower growth of the tax base, an effect that will be reinforced if there are growing expenditures on treating the sick, training (to replace sick workers), sick pay and caring for AIDS orphans. बेयो खाजोना सोनारथिनि जौगानायखौ लासैसिन खालामो, मोनसेजाउन जायखौ, बेरामि सिकितसा, सोलोंथाय, बेरामि रां सुखनाय आरो AIDS मावरियाफोरनि थाखाय जोथोनलानायाव खरसाया बांब्ला गोरासिन खालामनाय जागोन। This smaller labor force will be predominantly young people, with reduced knowledge and work experience leading to reduced productivity. बे दुसिन मावथि गोहोआ गाहायै खमगियान आरो मावरोंथाय गोनां लायमोन मानसिफोर जागोन जाय खम दिहुनथाय दैदेनगोन। Two species of HIV infect humans: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is more virulent and more easily transmitted. HIV-1 is the source of the majority of HIV infections throughout the world. HIV नि मोननै जोलैया मानसिफोरखौ सनदेरो: HIV 1 आरो HIV 2. HIV1आ बांसिन हानि गोनां आरो जोबोर गोरलैयै बारस्लायो। HIV-1आनो बुहुमनाङै बांसिन HIV सनदेरनायफोरनि फुंखा। UNAIDS, WHO and the United Nations Development Programme have documented a correlation between the decreasing life expectancies and the lowering of gross national product in many African countries with prevalence rates of 10% or more. UNAIDS, WHO आरो इउनायतेत नेसोना देबलवमेन्त प्रग्रामा 10 जौखोनदो एबा बारा गोसारनाय हारफोरजों गोबां आफ्रिकान हादोरफोराव जिव हासथायथिफोरखौ खमायनाय आरो ग्रस हादोरारि दिहुनथायनि खामायनायनि गेजेराव मोनसे सोमोनदो फोरमान (documented) खालामबाय। Underfunding is a problem in all areas of HIV prevention when compared to even conservative estimates of the problems. जेब्ला जेंनाफोरनि खम बिबांनि हमना लानाय जेंनाफोरखौ रुजुनाय जायो, रां खम बाहायनाया HIV होबथानायनि गासै जायगानि मोनसे जेंना। Vaccination against hepatitis A and B is advised for patients who are not infected with these viruses and are at risk of becoming infected. हेपाथायथिस A आरो B नि हेंथायै भेकसिन होनाया बेरामिफोरनि थाखाय बोसोन होजायो, जायफोरा बेफोर भाइरासफोरजों सनदेरजाया आरो सनदेरजाग्रा जानायनि खैफाद थायो। Various forms of alternative medicine have been used to treat symptoms or alter the course of the disease. लोइखोनफोरखौ सिकितसा खालामनो एबा बेरामनि समफारिखौ(course) सोलायनो गोबां महोरफोरनि सोलाय-सल मुलैखौ बाहायनाय जायो। While HIV-2 is not as easily transmitted and is largely confined to West Africa. गबुनफारसे HIV-2 या गोरलैयै बारस्लाइया आरो बेयो सोनाब आफ्रिकायाव गुवारै सागलोबनानै दं। Without proper nutrition, health care and medicine that is available in developed countries, large numbers of people in these countries is falling victim to AIDS. मोजां निउत्रिसोन, देहा जोथोन आरो मुलै बाहायैया, जाय जौगालु हादोरफोराव थोजासे दं, बेफोर हादोरफोरनि गोबां मानसिफोरा AIDS भुगिनायाव गोगलैगासिनो दं। Without treatment, the net median survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. सिकितसा गोयैयाव HIVजों सरदेरनाय उनाव थि गर थांनाथानाय समखौ 9-11 बोसोरफोरसिम हमनालानाय जायो, HIV दालाय रोखोमनि सायाव सोनारनानै। A plan for a “minimum package” for nutritional health was introduced to the workshop by Dr. Chavez of the National Institute for Nutrition in Mexico city. निउत्रिसनेल देहानिथाखाय “minimum package” नि मोनसे बिथांखिखौ मेकसिक नोगोरनि नेसनेल इन्सतितिउत फर निउत्रिसननि डा. साभेजजों उर्कसबाव थिसनजादोंमोन। A review of the literature revels that most studies of adult education and child nutrition have focused on parents only. थुनलायनि मोनसे नायबिजिरफिननायया(review) फोरमोयोदि बैसोगोरा सोलोंथाय आरो गथ’निउत्रिसननि बांसिन आनजादफोरानो बिमा-फाफोरनि सायावल गोसो होदों। A test for trend was undertaken by applying the likelihood ratio test between a model in which the categorical variable is specified as continuous and a model excluding this variable altogether. मोनसे बिदिनथिनि गेजेराव जाथावना रुजुथाय आनजाद बाहायनानै बाहायनानै बोहैथि दाहारनि थाखाय मोनसे आनजादखौ बानसननाय जादोंमोन जेराव बे सोलाय सलखौ जयै नागारनानै बाहागोयारि सोलाय सलया सोलिबाय थानाय आरो बिदिनथि महरै दिनथि जादों। A three-level model is used to account for the hierarchical structure of the data, 32 33 in which level 1 refers to measurements of the individual child and the child’s household, level 2 the community and level 3 the site. देथा 32 33 नि बंसआरि दाथायनि हिसाबनि थाखाय मोनसे थाम-थोरफो मदेलखौ बाहायनाय जायो, जेराव थोरफो 1 या गथ आरो गथनि नखर, थोरफो 2 या हारि आरो थोरफो 3 या ओनसोलनि सुथायफोरखौ फोरमायो। Although the data are not nationally representative, we will here after refer to the data being from “India” and “Vietnam” जुदिबो देताया हादोरारियै थानदैनङा, जों बे समनिफ्राय देताखौ भारत आरो भिएनाम निफ्राय जानाय होनना फोरमायगोन। Anthropometric indices were used as indicators of child nutrition, following procedures recommended by the World Health Organization. बुहुमनां देहा फसंथानजों गनायथिजानाय आदबफोरखौ फालिनानै एनथ्रपममेत्रिक दिनथिथिफोरखौ गथ निउत्रिसोननि फोरमायथिग्रा महरै बाहायजायो। Before interview, informed consent was obtained from participants. मोगा मोगि लानाय सिगां, फोरमायजाखानाय गनायथिखौ बाहागोलागिरिफोरनिफ्राय लानाय जायोमोन। Between four to six months children will begin to need some supplementary feeding, depending on the mother’s milk output and the individual physiological needs of the particular child. बिमानि गइखेर बिबां आरो जरखा गथनि जुनिया फिजिउलजिकेल गोनांथिफोरनि सायाव सोनारनानै ब्रै-द दानफोरनि गथफोरा खायसे सप्लिमेनतारि आदार आंखालजानो जागायो। Between-country differences may also be the result of methodological factors, such as the size and structure of the two datasets. गेजेराव, हादोर फारागथिफोराबो मेथदलजिकेल जाहोफोरनि फिथाय जानोहागौ, जेरैबादि मोननै देतासेतफोरनि महर आरो दाथाय। Both methodological and cultural factors thus lie behind the between-country differences observed. बेबादिनो मोननैबो गोनोखोयारि खानथि आरो हारिमुयारि जाहोनफोरा नायसंजानाय हादोर फारागथिफोरनि गेजेराव थायो । Breast-milk is likely to be far better, nutritionally, than any other food the child will receive, particularly in the developing world. गथआ आजावनाय गुबुन जायखि-जाया आदार-निख्रइ जानोहागौ बिमा-आहारा जोबोर साबसिन, गुबैयै जौगाफु बुहुमाव। Child nutrition is positively and independently associated with mothers’, fathers’ and grand mothers’ education. गथ नउत्रिसोना रोखायै आरो उदाङै बिमाफोर, बिफाफोर आरो बिबैफोरनि सोलोंथायजों सोमोनदो थायो। Children were classified as “stunted”(an indicator of chronic malnutrition) if they have height-for-age z scores below-2SDand “underweight” (indicator of both chronic and acute malnutrition) if they have weight-for-age z scores below-2SD. गथफोरखौ, जुदि बिसोरहा 2SD सिं जौथायनि-थाखाय-बैसो जेत- बिबांफोर थायो “जौरोङै” (क्रोनिक मेलनिउत्रिसोन फोरमायग्रा) आरो जुदि बिसोरहा 2SD सिं लितथायनि-थाखाय-बैसो जेत-बिबांफोर थायो “खमलिथथाय” (मोननैबो क्रोनिक आरो एकिउट मेलनिउत्रिसोननि फोरमायग्रा) बादियै बाहागो राननाय जादोंमोन। Community-level maternal literacy was measured as the proportion of mothers, who were illiterate in the community, as estimated from the sample (data on paternal literacy was not available). समाज-थाखो बिमायारि लेखारोंनायखौ बिमाफोरनि रुजुथाय महरै सुनायजायोमोन, जायफोरा नुमुनानिफ्राय हमनालाजानाय बादियै हारिनि लेखा गोरोंमोन (बिफायारि लेखागोरोंनि देताया थोजासे नंयामोन)। Confounders were selected on the basis of UNICEF’s model for the determinants of mal nutrition, which incorporates biological and socio economic causes at both micro and macro levels. मेलनिउत्रिसननि थिरांथागिरिफोरनि थाखाय कनफाउनदारफोरखौ UNICEF नि बिदिनथिबादियै सायखनाय जायोमोन, जाय जिबियारि बिगियान आरो समाज रांखानथिखौ मोननैबो माइक्र आरो मेक्र थोरफोफोराव खौसे खालामो। Cross-sectional data were analysed for 5692 children from Andhra Pradesh State in India and Vietnam sampled within “sites” (20 from each country) and then within “communities”(31 from Vietnam and 102 from India). क्रस- सेकसनेल तथ्यया “ओनसोलारि” नि गेजेराव (गंफ्रोमबो हादोरनिफ्राय 20 यै) आरो बेनि उनाव “हारिफोर” नि गेजेराव(भिएतनामनिफ्राय 31 आरो भारतनिफ्राय 102) नमुना नायजानाय भारतनि अनध्रप्रदेस हादोरसा आरो भिएतनामनिफ्राय 5692 गथफोरनि थाखाय आनजाद नायजादोंमोन Despite recent improvements, approximately half of preschool children remain underweight in Asia, which is the highest level in the world. बावैसोनि जौगासारफोर जासेयावबो, आगुफरायसालि गथफोरनि खावसेफ्रामानो एसियाव खमगिलिर जानानै थायो, जायनोखि बुहुमनि बांसिन थोरफो। Despite the economic transition of the past 20 years, Vietnam’s social structure is still largely influenced by the socialist planned economy. थांनाय 20 बोसोरफोरनि रांखांथि transition जासेयावबो, दासिमबो भिएतनामनि समाजारि दाथाया समाजवादि बिथांखि लाजानाय रांखानथिजों गुवारै गोहोमखोखलै जादों। Despite these weaknesses these small study has succeeded in linking a number of key issues of interest among educationalists, economists, nutritionists and highlighting synergies. बेफोर लोरबांथिफोर थासेयावबो, बेफोर फिसा बिजिरथिया सोलोंथायगिरि, रांखानथिगिरि आरो निउत्रिसनगिरिफोरनि गेजेराव interest नि गोबां गाहाय जेंनाफोरखौ सोमोनदो खामालनायाव आरो सिनेरजिफोरखौ highlight खालामनायाव जाफुंसारदों। Detailed information on the study design and sampling methods has been published elsewhere. बिजिरनाय दिजाइन आरो नुमुना दिहुननाय आदबफोरनि रोखा खौरांआ जेरावबो फोसावजाबाय। The dietary supplementation of the mother does not boost volumes above this level, although there is strong circumstantial evidence that, as during pregnancy. बिमानि dietary supplementation आ बे थोरफोनि गोजौयाव बिबांफोरखौ बांहोया, जुदिबो गोरबोथानाय समबादि बेवहाय गुवारै(circumstantial) फोरमान दं। Educated people often create demand for services and infrastructure and tend to have more political clout than less educated populations. माखासे समाव लेखागोरों मानसिफोरा साख्रिफोर आरो इसिंलुथायनि थाखाय दाबि सोमजिहोयो, आरो खम लेखागोरों मानसिफोरनिख्रुइ बांसिन राजखानथियारि गोहोखौ मोननो लुबैयो। Education is viewed as a key element in the overall strategy for reducing malnutrition in the developing world. सोलोंथाया जौगाफु बुहुमाव आदार आंखालखौ(malnutrition) खमायनायनि जथाय(overall) आदबनि मोनसे गाहाय गुदिमुवा (element) महरै बिबुंथि होजायो। Education was measured by asking the respondent what level of formal schooling each household member had completed. सोलोंथायखौ फिनग्राफोरनाव साफ्रोमबो नखर सोद्रोमाया नेमगोनां फरायसालि सोलोंथायनि मा थाखोखौ फोजोबबाय सोंनानै सुनाय जायोमोन। Education-effects were similar for both height and weight-for-age z-scores, suggesting they operate over the medium to longer term. सोलोंथाय-जाउनफोरा गोजौ आरो weight-for-age z-scores मोननैबोनि थाखाय एखे, गेजेर निफ्राय गोलाव समसिम सालायनो बिसोरखौ बिथोन होयो। Ethical clearance was obtained from participating research institutions in the United Kingdom and each Young Lives study country. नंगुबै(ethical) रोखाखौ इउनायतेत किदंम आरो मोनफ्रोमबो लाइमोन जिउ बिजिर हादोरनि बाहागोलानाय नायबिजिरसं फसंथानफोरनिफ्राय मोनदोंमोन। Exact p values are presented in the text and statistical significance was assumed at the 5% level, except for statistical interactions, which used the 10% level. थि पि गुनफोरखौ फाराफारियाव दिनथिनाय जादों आरो स्तेतिसतिकेल ओंथिखौ, स्तेतिसतिकेल फिनजाथायफोरखौ गारना 5 जौखोनदो थोरफोयाव हमनालानाय जादोंमोन, जाय 10 जौखोनदो थोरफोखौ बाहायदोंमोन। Few have examined the effect of education among other household of community members, although recent research suggest that these “others” may play an important role in determining child nutrition. जुदिबो बावैसोनि नायबिजिरसंनाया बेफोर ‘‘गुबुनफोरा’’ गथ निउत्रिसन थिरांखालामनायाव मोनसे गोनां बिफाव लानोहागौ बिथोन होयो, रावबो समाजारि सोद्रोमाफोरनि गुबुन नखरयारिनि गेजेराव सोलोंथायनि जाउनखौ आनजादनायाखै। First it supports existing efforts to universalise basic education and adult literacy programmes, as education is positively associated with child nutrition. गिबियै बेयो गुदि सोलोंथाय आरो बैसोगोरा लेखारोंनाय हाबाफारिफोरखौ सरासनस्रा खालामनो(universalise) सोलिबायथानाय नाजानायफोरखौ हेफाजाब होयो, मानोना सोलोंथाया मोजाङैनो गथ निउत्रिसनजों सोमोनदोगोनां। For descriptive analysis we used chi-squared tests, Student’s t-test and F-tests to assess the statistical significance of differences between proportions, two means or more than two means, respectively. फोरमायलु नायबिजिरनायनि थाखाय रुजुथायफोरनि गेजेराव थानाय फारागफोरनि स्तेतिसटिकेल ओंथिखौ नायबिजिरनो जों chi-squared आनजादफोर, फरायसानि जानजादफोर आरो F–आनजादफोर बाहायदोंमोन, फारियै, मोननै राहाफोर एबा मोननैनिख्रुइ बार राहाफोर। For grandmothers, all educational categories were combined because only a small number of grandmothers had secondary or higher education. बिबैफोरनि थाखाय, गासै सोलोंथायारि बाहागोफोरखौ ज खालामनायजादोंमोन मानोना एसेल अनजिमा बिबैफोरहा गेजेर (secondary) एबा गोजौ सोलोंथाय दंमोन। Furthermore, one should bear in mind, when interpreting the results, that the data were cross-sectional, meaning that causality cannot be proved and that further longitudinal research would be necessary to corroborate the findings. आरोबाव, जेब्ला फिथायफोरखौ बेखेवो, सासे मानसिया गोसोयाव लाखिनांगौदि, देताफोरा क्रस-सेकसनेल, ओंथिया जादों खहाजानायखौ(casualty) फोरमान खालाम जाया आरो जाउनफोरखौ (findings) फोरमान खालामनो आरोबाव गोलावसिन आनजादा गोनां जागोन। Grandmothers in India and communes in Vietnam are known to exert strong influences on childcare, so it is not unexpected that this study finds an effect of their education. भारतनि बिबैफोर आरो भिएतनामनि सुबुंहानजाफोरा गथजोथोनाव गोख्रों गोहोमफोरखौ बोलोहोग्रा(exert) महरै मिनथिजायो। Households were selected using a method equivalent to random sampling. जानला-मानलायै(random) नुमुना नायनायजों समानफ्राम आदब बाहायनानै नखरसोद्रमाफोरा सायख जायोमोन। If, however, employment draws mothers away from childcare at home, the presence of other household members who are better educated than the mother may offer the potential for an improvement in the overall quality of childcare. नाथाय, साख्रिया बिमाफोरखौ गथ जोथोननिफ्राय गोजानाव लाखियोब्ला, बिमानिख्रुइ साबसिन लेखागोरों गुबान नखर सोद्रमाफोरनि नुजाथिनाया गथ जोथोननि गासै गुननि जौगासारनि थाखाय potential होनो हायो। In addition, programmatic research is needed to explore practical ways in which to involve influential household and community members including mother-in-laws, teachers and local leaders, in nutritional interventions to increase programme effectiveness. बेनिअनगा, मावथांखिगोनां नायबिजिरसंनायखौ मोखथाङारि(practical) राहाफोरखौ संदाननो नांगौ जायो जेराव हाबाफारि जाउनफोरखौ बांहोनो निउत्रिसनेल खामानिफोराव (interventions) बिखुमजोफोर, फोरोंगिरिफोर आरो जायगायारि दैदेनगिरिफोरखौ सरजाबफानानै गोहोमगोनां नखर आरो समाज सोद्रमाफोरखौ सोफायो। In both countries there has been concern that economic advances have not been reflected in improvements in child nutrition. मोननैबो हादोरफोराव दुखु दंदि रांखानथि जौगानायफोरा गथ निउत्रिसन जौगानायफोराव मोदान होजायाखै। In India 62 million children are underweight and in Vietnam there are 5 million. भारताव 62 मिलियन गथफोरा खम-लितथाय गोनां आरो भिएतनामाव 5 मिलियन दं। In India, education has been shown to explain the spatial clustering of malnutrition and death, and even low levels of education have been shown to increase child survival prospects and health-related behaviours. भारताव, सोलोंथाया मेलनिउत्रिसन आरो थैनायनि अख्रांमायारि थुबुर खालामनायखौ फोरमायग्रा होनना फोरमायजादों आरो बबेखानि सोलोंथायनि गाहाय थोरफोफोराबो गथ थांना थानाय आसाफोर आरो देहा सोमोनदो गोनां आखुफोर बांहोनाय होनना मोनथिजादों। In school, girls can acquire skills that are later used to access modern health services and comprehend health messages. फरायसालियाव, हिनजावसाफोरा रोंगुनफोर आरजिनो हायो जायखौ उनाव गोदान देहा सारभिसफोर आरो आबुं देहायारि खौरांफोरखौ मोननो बाहायजायो। In the developing countries there can be no doubt that both mothers and their young children constitute the group most clinically vulnerable to malnutrition. जौगाफु हादोरफोराव बिमाफोर आरो बिसोरनि गथफोरादि जोबोर क्लिनिकेलयारियै गागलोबजाथाव, बेवहाय देबो गोनोगोथो थानो हाया In the other sample (Vietnam), child nutrition is positively associated with community-level maternal literacy. गुबुन नुमुनायाव (भिएतनाम) गथ निउत्रिसना हारियारि थाखो बिमायारि लेखागोरोंजों मोजाङै सोमोनदो दं। In the Vietnam sample, child nutrition was associated with the proportion of literate mothers in the community, adjusting for parental education and other confounders (height 0.81, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.31, p = 0.002). बिमा-फायारि सोलोंथाय आरो गुबुन confounderफोरनि थाखाय गोरोबहोनानै, भिएतनाम नुमुनायाव गथ निउत्रिसना हारिनि लेखागोरों बिमाफोरनि रुजुथायजों सोमोनदो दं (जौथाय 0.81, 95% CI 0.29 निफ्राय 1.31,पि =0.002) । In Vietnam, a recent study using two nationally representative surveys found no significant effect of maternal education on child nutrition. भिएतनामाव, मोननै हादोरारियै थानदैयारि सारभे बाहायनानै खालामनाय बावैसोनि मोनसे नायबिजिरनाया गथनिउत्रेसनाव बिमाययारि सोलोंथायनि जेबो ओंथिगोनां जाउन मोनाखैमोन। It has been argued that children’s greater "exposure time" to mothers explains why the effect of education is greater for mothers than fathers, as fathers tend to work outside the home. बेखौ जुकतिहोनाय जादोंदि गथफोरनि बांसिन “उदां समा”(exposure time)या बिमाफोरजोंसो थायो होननाय बाथ्राया फोरमायो, मानो सोलोंथायनि जाउना बिफाफोरनिख्रुइ बिमाफोरनिथाखाय बांसिन, मानोना बिफाफोरा ननि बायजोयाव खामानि मावनो मोजांमोनो। It is apparent that adults have a higher level of schooling in Vietnam than in Andhra Pradesh (p less than 0.001), which also corresponds to previous literature. बेयो रोखादि अनद्रप्रदेसनिख्रइ भिएतनामाव बैसोगोराफोरहा फरायनायनि जौसिन थोरफो दं (पि 0.001 निफ्राय खमसिन) , जाय आगु थुनलायखौबो सोमोनदो गायसनो। It is clear that the dietary intake of many pregnant and lactating mothers in the Third World is well below current recommendations both for energy and many nutrients. बेयो रोखादि थामथि बुहुमनि गोबां गोरबो थानाय आरो आहार जाहोग्रा बिमाफोरनि दाइतेरि(dietary) लानाया मोननैबो गोहो आरो गोबां निउत्रिसनफोरनि बोहैथि गनायथिफोरनि जोबोर गाहायाव दं। It is frequently claimed that we know enough to bring about a significant improvement in nutritional health. बेखो गलेगले दाबिनायजादोंदि निउत्रिसनेल देहायाव ओंथिगोनां (significant) जौगासारनाय लाबोनो जों मोजाङैनो मोनथियो। It is plausible that fathers, often heading the households, make decisions and behave in ways that directly or indirectly affect childcare. बेयो नुनायाव फोथायथावदि, माखासे समाव नखरफोरखौ दैदेनग्रा बिफाफोरा ओरैबादि बिथिंफोराव थिरांथा लायो आरो आखु दिनथियो जाय थोंजाङै एबा खेंसालियायै गथजोथोनखौ गोहोम खोखलैयो। It is plausible that the common approach of targeting women of reproductive age for health or nutrition interventions may overlook "influential others" in childcare and therefore miss useful avenues of influence. बेखौ नुनायाव फोथायथावदि देहा एबा निउत्रिसोन मावआगानफोर(interventions) निथाखाय जोनोमहोफिनहानाय बैसोनि आयजोफोरनि सरासनस्रा साफिनाया गथ जोथोनाव “गुबुनखौ गोहोमखोखलैनाय” खौ सासाज्राङै नायनो हागौ आरो बेनि थाखायनो गोहोमनि बाहायफुं समायना लामाफोरखौ खोमायो। It is well established that mothers’ education has a positive effect on child nutrition in developing countries. बेयो मोजाङै गायसनजायोदि बिमाफोरनि सोलोंथायहा जौगालु हादोरफोराव गथ निउत्रिसन सायाव मोजां जाउन दं। It is well established that mothers’ education has a positive effect on child nutrition in developing countries. बेयो मोजाङै गायसनजायोदि बिमाफोरनि सोलोंथायहा जौगालु हादोरफोराव गथ निउत्रिसन सायाव मोजां जाउन दं। It supports previous studies that have highlighted the role of grandmothers in determining health and fertility behaviour, whether "positively" or "negatively", and which call for a greater participation of grandmothers in behavioural-change interventions. बेयो आगु नायबिजिरनायफोरखौ हेफाजाबहोयो जाय देहा आरो फारतिलिति आखु थि खालामनायाव बिबैफोरनि बिफावखौ दिनथिदों, मोजाङै एबा गाज्रियैनो जा, आरो जाय आखुयारि सोलायनाय मावनोलानाय खामानिफोराव बिबैफोरनि गुवार बाहागोलानायखौ हांख्रायो। Less explored is the effect exerted by the education of other individuals—mothers’ friends, neighbors and family. खम संदानजानाया गुबुन सुबुंफोर-बिमाफोरनि लोगोफोर, नसुंसेरारिफोर आरो नखरनि सोलोंथायजों नाजाजानाय जाउन। Less explored, however, is the effect exerted by the education of other individuals—mothers’ friends, neighbors and family—who may influence child nutrition directly (though childcare) or indirectly (though modification of the effect of maternal education). अब्लाबाबो, खम संदानजानाया गुबुन सुबुंफोर – बिमाफोरनि लोगोफोर, नसुंसेरारिफोर आरो नखरनि सोलोंथायजों नाजाजानाय जाउन- जाय थोंजोंङै (गथजोथोन ब्लाबो) एबा खेंसालियै (बिमायारि सोलोंथायनि जाउननि modificationव्बलाबो) गथ निउत्रिसनखौ गोहोम खोखलैनो हागौ। Literacy was assessed by asking "Can you read and understand a letter or newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all, in any language?” जायखि जाया राव-आव, गोरलैयै, गोब्राबबै, एबा एसेबो रोंथारै-जों, गांसे लायजाम एबा खौरां बिलाय फरायनो हायोना हाया सोंनानै लेखारोंनायखौ बिजिरनाय जायोमोन। Multilevel regression analysis was undertaken to account for confounders and geographical clustering of observations. बांथोरफो गिदिंफिनाय () नायसंनायखौ नायबिजिरथिफोरनि confounderफोर आरो भुमखौराङारि थुबुरखौ(clustering) हिसाबखालामनो बानसननाय जादोंमोन। Multivariable regression analysis was used to adjust simultaneously for multiple confounders. बां सोलाय-सल गिदिंफिननाय नायसंनायखौ एखेयैनो गोबां confounderफोरनि थाखाय गोरोबहोनो बाहायनाय जादोंमोन। Now that a growing number of women in India and Vietnam are taking up employment outside the household, the role of other carers such as grandmothers and siblings is likely to become increasingly important in determining child nutrition. आथिखालाव भारत आरो भिएतनामनि गोबां अनजिमा आयजोफोरा ननि बायहेरायाव साख्रि लागासिनो दं, गुबुन जोथोनगिरि जेरैबायदि बिबैफोर आरो आंगो बिव-बिनानावफोरनि बिफावा गथ निउत्रिसन थिरांथाखालामनायाव जोबोरैनो गोनों जाबोहांदों। Particularly interesting, given the lack of previous evidence, is the finding that child nutrition in one sample (India) is positively associated with grandmothers’ education. जरखायै गोसोबोथाव, आगु फोरमान होनाय आंखालानो जाउनदि मोनसे नुमुनायाव (भारत) गथ निउत्रिसना मोजाङैनो बिबैफोरनि सोलोंथायजों सोमोनदो दं। Particularly interesting, given the lack of previous evidence, is the positive association shown between child nutrition and grandmothers’ education in India and community-level maternal literacy in Vietnam. जरखायै गोसोबोथाव, आगु फोरमान होनाय आंखाला, भारतनि गथ निउत्रिसन आरो बिबैफोरनि सोलोंथाय आरो भिएतनामनि समाजारि थोरफो बिमायारि लेखागोरोंनि गेजेराव दिनथिजानाय आसाखालामथाव(positive) गोरोबथि। Sentinel sites, and the communities within the sites, were selected semi purposively. फहेरादार(sentinel) जायगाफोर, आरो जायगाफोरनि गेजेराव थानाय हारिफोरा खावसे(semi) थांखियै खायख जादोंमोन। Similarly, the lack of an effect of grandmothers’ education in Vietnam (in contrast with India) may be explained, partly at least, by the small number of grandmothers included in the sample. एखेयैनो, भिएतनामनि बिबैफोरनि सोलोंथायनि मोनसे जाउननि आंखाला खमैब्लाबो बाहागोयै, (partly)नुमुनायाव सरजाबजानाय खमबिबांनि बिबैफोरजों फोरमायजानोहागौ । Some children are able to grow and function for longer than six months on breast-milk alone, but equally, other children may need supplementation before four months. खायसे गथफोरा आहार गायखेरलनि सायाव द दानफोरनिख्रइ गोबावसिन निथाखाय देरनो आरो खामानि मावनो हायो, नाथाय समानैनो, गुबुन गथफोरनो ब्रै दानफोरनि सिगांनो साप्लिमेन्त गोनां जानोहागौ। Statistical interactions were assessed by entering a dummy interaction term into the model. स्तेसतिकेल इजियारि फिनजाथायफोरखौ मदेलयाव मोनसे बबायारि इसियारि फिनजाथाय बाथ्राखौ सोनानै नायबिजिरखाय जायो। Study uses cross-sectional data from the first round of the Young Lives study (in 2002) in Vietnam and Andhra Pradesh State in south India. नायबिजिरथिया भिएतनाम आरो खोला भारतनि अनद्र प्रदेस हादोरसायाव (2002 याव) उनदै जिउफोर(Young Lives) नायबिजिरनायनि गिबि फारिनिफ्राय क्रस-सेकसनेल तथ्यखौ(data) बाहायदों। The adjusted mean difference in height-for-age z-scores between boys living with an educated grandmother and those not was 0.64 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.99, p less than 0.001). लेखागोरों बिबैजों थाग्रा हौवासाफोर आरो जायफोरा थाया, बिसोरनि गेजेराव जौथायनि-थाखाय-बैसो जेत बिबांफोरनि गोरोब होजानाय गर फारागा 0.64मोन (95% CI 0.29 to 0.99,P less than 0.001)। The association with grandmothers’ education was statistically significant in the India sample only and was stronger for boys. बिबैफोरनि सोलोंथायजों थानाय सोमोनदोआ भारत नुमुनायावल स्तेसतिकेलियै ओंथिगोनांमोन आरो हौवासाफोर –निथाखाय गोख्रोंसिनमोन। The between-country differences correspond to what has been shown elsewhere, with Vietnamese children being better nourished on average than Indian children. गेजेर- हादोर फारागथिफोरा गुबुन दाबसेयाव दिनथिजानायजों सोमोनदो गायसनो,गराव भिएनामिस गथफोरा भारतनि गथफोरनिख्रुइ साबसिन जोथोन लाजायो। The choice of a community-level literacy variable, rather than an education variable, is based on the hypothesis that literacy is the key outcome of education and that the "externality" of education is spread mainly through literacy mechanisms. सोलोंथाय सोलाय-सल आनगा समाजारि थाखो लेखा रोंनायनि सायखथिया हमना लानायनि सायावसो सोनारोदि लेखा रोंनाया सोलोंथायनि गाहाय फिथाय आरो सोलोंथायनि “बायजोयारि’’-या(externality) गुबुयै लेखारोंनाय बेबसथा गेजेरजोंसो गोसारो। The common approach of targeting women of reproductive age for health and nutrition interventions may overlook "influential others" in the family or community. देहा आरो निउत्रिसन मावआगानफोरनि थाखाय जोनोमहोफिन हानाय बैसोनि आयजोफोरखौ नोजोर लानाय सरासनस्रा साफिनाया नखर एबा समाजाव “गुबुनखौ गोहोमखोखलानाय”(influential other)खौ सा-साज्रां नायनो हागौ। The concept of "mass education" was first introduced by Caldwel in 1980 and developed by Cleland and Jejeebhoy,who used survey data from south Asia to demonstrate that in communities. “मास सोलोंथाय”-नि(mass education) सानखांथिया गिबियै 1980 काल्दवेल आरो जेजिभइजों थिसन जादोंमोन, जायफोरा बेखौ हारिफोराव फोरमान दिनथिनो खोला आफ्रिकानिफ्राय सारभे तथ्य बाहायदोंमोन। The data from the first round of the Young Lives study are available from the UK Public Archive, study no. SN5307. उनदै जिउफोर(Young Lives) नायबिजिरनायनि गिबि फारिनिफ्राय लानाय तथ्यखौ UK रायजोयारि आरसिभ, बिजिरथि नं-SN5007, निफ्राय थोजासे खालामनाय जादों। The data were recoded into the four main categories: "none", "primary" (corresponding to ages 6–11 years), "secondary" (11–14/15 years) or "higher" (15 years or above). तथ्यखौ मोनब्रै गाहाय थाखोफोराव थिसनफिननाय जादोंमोन: “नान”, “गुदि”ए (6-11 बोसोर बैसोखौ सोमोनदो लाखिना), “गेजेर”(11-14/15 बोसोर) एबा “जौसिन”(15 बोसोर एबा बारा) The difference in findings between India and Vietnam may be explained by differences in the cultural significance placed on the extended family or commune/community. भारत आरो भिएतनामनि गेजेराव मोननाय जाउनफोरनि फारागथिखौ फुवारजानाय सुबुं हानजा एबा हारियाव दोनजानाय हारिमुयारि ओंथिनि फारागथिफोरजों फोरमाय जानो हागौ। The effect is particularly strong for female education. गुबैयै, जाउना आयजो सोलोंथायनि थाखाय गोख्रों। The impediment is our political unwillingness to implement the necessary economic reforms. जौगानाय लासै जानाया जादों गोनांथि रांखानथि फोसाबथिफोरखौ बाहायफुंनो जोंनि राजखानथियारि गोसोगोयै। The literacy of other members of a "commune" can therefore realistically affect childcare through the sharing of knowledge and imitation of behaviour. बेखायनो मोनसे हारिनि गुबुन सोद्रोमाफोरनि लेखारोंनाया थारैनो गियान रानलायनाय आरो आखल सोलोंफानायनि गेजेरजों गथजोथोनखौ गोहोम खोखलैनो हायो। The mother's own health and physiological function can be substantially improved, leading to a greater capacity for work and feeling of general well-being. बिमानि गावनि देहा आरो देहायारि खामानिखौ थारैनो जौगाहोनो हायो, खामानि मावनो थाखाय बांसिन हाथिगुन आरो सरसनस्रा मोजांनि मोनदांथिखौ दैदेनो। The nutritional importance of breast-feeding needs to be stressed in all public health programmes, but so does the rational introduction of other forms of feeding. आहार जाहोनायनि निउत्रेसनेल गोनांथिखौ गासै राजोआरि देहा हाबाफारिफोराव नारसिननांगौ, नाथाय जाहोनायनि गुबुन दाथायफोरनि रुजुथायारि सिनायथिखौबो मावफानांगौ। The positive association between child nutrition and community-level maternal literacy in Vietnam, over and above parental education and other individual-level confounders and risk factors, suggests that children may benefit from living in literate communities. बिमा-फायारि सोलोंथाय आरो गुबुन ब्यकति-थाखो कनफाउनदारफोर आरो खैफोद जाहोनफोरनि अनगायैबो, भिएतनामनि गथ निउत्रिसन आरो समाजारि- थाखो बिमायारि सोलोंथायनि गेजेराव थानाय मोजां सोमोनदोया बिथोन होयोदि गथफोरा लेखागोरों हारिफोराव थानायनिफ्राय मुलामफा मोननो हागौ । The positive association with grandmothers’ education in India is plausible given the overwhelming evidence of health benefits of female education, and given what we know about grandmothers’ responsibilities in childcare. The positive effect of maternal education is, nevertheless, not universal. अब्लाबो, बिमायारि सोलोंथायनि मोजां (positive) जाउना सरासनस्रा नङा। The prevalence of stunting and underweight was 19% and 24% in Vietnam and 28% and 43% in India. देरनोरोंङै आरो खम लितथायनि गोसारथिया भिएतनामाव 19% आरो 24% आरो भारताव 28% आरो 43% मोन। The second implication is more novel: policies currently aimed at improving child nutrition may benefit from recognising and including key actors other than the mother. नैथि बाहायफुंनाया जोबोर गोदान(novel): दासानदि गथ निउत्रेसन जौगानायाव थांखि लाजानाय मावथांखिफोरा(policies) बिमानि अनगायै गाहाय मावगिरिफोरखौ सिनायथिनाय आरो सरजाबनायनिफ्राय मुलामफा जानो हागौ। The second implication is more novel: policies currently aimed at improving child nutrition may benefit from recognising key actors other than the mother. नैथि बाहायफुंनाया जोबोर गोदान: दासानदि गथ निउत्रिसन जौगाहोनायाव थांखि लाजानाय मावथांखिफोरा बिमानि अनगायै गाहाय मावगिरिफोरखौ सिनायथिनायनिफ्राय मुलामफा जानो हागौ। The study also shows—in contrast to some other studies in the past—that fathers’ education is associated with child nutrition, and that this association was as strong as mothers’ education. गोदोनि खायसे गुबुन नायबिजिरनायफोरनि रुजुनायाव – नायबिजिरनाया दिनथबावोदि- बिफाफोरनि सोलोंथाया गथ निउत्रिसनजों सोमोनदो दं, आरो बे सोमोनदोआ बिमाफोरनि सोलोंथाय बादिनो समान गोख्रोंमोन। The study has demonstrated a positive association between child nutrition—both stunting and underweight—and the education of adults living within the child’s household and community. नायबिजिरनाया गथ निउत्रिसननि गेजेराव मोनसे मोजां सोमोनदोखौ देमन्सत्रेत (demonstrate) खालामबाय- मोननैबो जौरोङै आरो खम लितथाय- आरो गथनि नखर आरो हारिनि गेजेराव थानाय बैसोगोराफोरनि सोलोंथाय। There are two implications for nutrition policy emerging from this research. बे नायबिजिरनायनिफ्राय नुजाथिनाय निउत्रिसन मावथांखिनि थाखाय बेवहाय मोननै बाहायथिफोर दं। There are two major policy implications from this research. बेवहाय बे नायबिजिरनायनिफ्राय मोननै गाहाय मावथांखि बायहायथिफोर दं। Therefore the findings support a call to widen the focus of nutrition policy and programmes from the mother–child pair towards the broader context of their family and community. बेखायनो, निउत्रिसन मावथांखि आरो गावसोरनि नखर आरो हारिनि गुवारसिन बिथिं () फारसे बिमा-गथ जरानिफ्राय हाबाफारिफोरनि नोजोरखौ फुवारनो जाउनफोरा खावलायथिखौ हेफाजाब होयो। This is perhaps because increased pressure on women to work outside the home has had negative consequences for childcare and breastfeeding practices, which may have outweighed any potential benefit of education. बेयो जानो हागौ, मानोना ननि बायजोयाव मोवनाय आयजोफोरनि बांनाय नारसिनथायहा गथजोथोन आरो आहार जाहोनायनि थाखाय गाज्रि जाउनफोर दं, जाय सोलोंथायनि गुन गोनां मुलाम्फा खमोयनो हागौ । This research adds to the overwhelming evidence for a positive effect of adult education on child nutrition. बे नायबिजिरसंनाय गथ निउत्रिसनाव बैसोगोरा सोलोंथायनि मोजां जाउननि थाखाय आबुं फोरमानखौ दाजाबदेरो । This study shows that children’s nutrition is associated with the education of many adult household and community members. बे नायबिजिरनाया दिन्थियोदि बिमाफोरा गथ निउत्रिसनखौ थिरांथा खालामनायाव मोन बिफाव फालियो, लोगोसे गुवारै बिफाफोर, बिबैफोर आरो समाजाबो बिफाव लायो । This study shows that mothers play a role in determining child nutrition, as well as fathers, grandmothers and the community at large. बे नायबिजिरनाया दिन्थियोदि गथफोरनि निउत्रिसना गोबां बैसोगोरा नखर आरो समाज सोदोमोफोरनि सोलोंथायजों सोमोनदो दं । This view is based on evidence spanning four decades for a positive effect of adult education on child health and nutrition in both developed and developing countries. बे बिबुंथिया मोननैबो जौगासार आरो जौगाफु हादोरफोराव गथदेहा आरो निउत्रिसनाव बैसोगोरा सोलोंथायनि मोजां जाउननि थाखाय बै जिथाय गुवार फोरमाननि सायाव सोनारो । To examine independent effects of mothers’, fathers’ and grandmothers’ education on child height-for-age and weight-for-age z-score, and the role of community-level maternal literacy over and above parental education and other individual-level factors. बिमा-बिफायारि सोलोंथाय आरो गुबुन ब्यक्ति-थाखो जाहोनफोरनि अनगायैबो जौथायनि-थाखाय-बैसो आरो लितथायनि-थाखाय-बैसो जेत-बिबां गोनां गथनि सायाव अनसाय बिमाफोरनि, बिफाफोरनि आरो बिबैफोरनि सोलोंथायनि उदां जाउनफोर आरो समाजारि-थाखो बिमायारि सोलोंथायखौ आन्जाद नायनो । Unless the food intake of lactating mothers is exceptionally low, milk output seems to peak at about 750 ml/d. आहार जाहोनाय बिमाफोरनि आदार जानाया जुदि जोबोरै खमाय लाङाब्ला, गायखेर बिबाङा 750 मि.लि/सामफ्रोमबो फ्राम बांहैनाय बादि नङो । A nutrition intervention programme should be evaluated in terms of improvement in nutritional status, but unfortunately success is difficult to identify using such criteria. निउत्रिसनेल मानथाखोनि जौगाथायनि बेलायाव मोनसे निउत्रिसन मावआगान हाबाफारिखौ बेसेन सुनांगौ, नाथाय दुखुनांथावनायै बेफोरबायदि नेमखौ बाहायनाया जाफुंसारनायखौ सिनायथिनो गोब्राब। Acute malnutrition is still high by international standards. गोख्रों निउत्रिसन आंखाला दासिमबो बुहुमनां मानथाखो महरै गोबां जानानै दं। Additional dietary education will be provided, paying special attention to regionally available food. ओनसोलारि थोजासे आदारनि सायाव जरखा गोसोहोनानै, उफ्रा आदारनि सोलोंथायखौ होनाय जागोन। Again, depending on the region, vitamin status will be safeguarded by administering to the baby A, C or D, as appropriate. आरोबाव, ओनसोलनि सायाव सोनारनानै, मोजाङै A, C एबा Dखौ गथनो होनानै भितामिन मानथाखोखौ रैखाथि होनाय जागोन। Among children in developing countries, malnutrition is an important factor contributing to illness and death. जौगाफु हादोरफोरनि गथफोरनि गेजेराव निउत्रिसन आंखाला बेराम आरो थैनायखौ सोमजिहोनाय गोनां जाहोन। Among the other predictor variables included in the analysis, child’s age, child’s birth order, and household economic status all have independent effects on nutritional status. नायसंनायाव सरजाब जानाय गुबुन आनदाज खालामग्रा रोखोमफोरनि गेजेराव, गथनिबैसो, गथनि जोनोम रोखोम, आरो नखरारि रांखानथि मानथाखो , गासैहाबो निउत्रिसेनल मानथाखोयाव उदां जाउन फोर दं। Around six months, therapeutic iron will also be provided as needed. द दानफ्राम थेरापिउतिक आइरनखौबो गोनांथि बायदियै होननाय जायो। Based on standards developed by WHO, 52 percent of children under age four are stunted, 17 percent are wasted, and 54 percent are underweight. WHO जों जौगा होजानाय मानथाखोफोराव सोनारनानै, ब्रै बोसोर बैसो सिं गथफोरनि 52 जौखोनदोआ जौनोरोङै, 17 जौखोनदोआ उदायै आरो 54 जौखोनदोआ खमलिरथाय गोनां। Between April 1992 and September 1993, the FHS collected information on all children under age four from a nationally representative sample of 88,562 households in 25 states (including Delhi, which became a state after the survey). एप्रिल 1992 आरो सेप्तेमबर 1993नि गेजेराव, FHSया 25 हादोरसाफोरनि 88,562 नखरफोरनि मोनसे हादोरनाङयारियै थानदै नमुनानिफ्राय गासै ब्रै बोसोर सिं गथफोरनि सायाव खौरां बुथुमदोंमोन। (दिल्लीखौ लाफादेरनानै, जाय सारभेनि उनाव हादोर जादोंमोन) Between four and six months the provision of supplementary foods will be recommended, particularly to those who are low in weight. ब्रै आरो द दाननि गेजेराव, साप्लिमेनतारि आदारफोरनि राहाखौ बोसोन होनाय जागोन, गुबैयै जायफोरा लिरथायाव खम। Child malnutrition has long been recognized as a serious problem in India, but national-level data on levels and causes of malnutrition have been scarce. गथ आदार आंखला गोबाव समनिफ्राय भारतनि मोनसे गोमजोर जेंना होननानै मिनथिजादों, नाथाय आदार आंखालनि थाखोफोर आरो जाहोनफोरनि हादोरारि थाखो तथ्यया आंखाल जानानै दं। Child malnutrition is considerably higher in rural areas than in urban areas. गथ आदार आंखाला गनायथावनायै सोहोर ओनसोलफोरनिख्रुइ गामि ओनसोलाव बांसिन। Child malnutrition is generally caused by a combination of inadequate or inappropriate food intake, gastrointestinal parasites and other childhood diseases, and improper care during illness. गथ आदार आंखाला सरासनस्रायै थोजासे नङै एबा थि नङै आदार जानाय, गेसत्रइनतेसताइनेल मालाय सोनार जिबिफोर आरो गुबुन गथयारि बेरामफोर आरो लोमजानाय समाव थिकनङै जोथोनफोरनि मोनसे जथायथिजों सोमजि होजायो। Children who fall more than three standard deviations below the reference median on any of these indices are defined as severely stunted, wasted, or underweight. जाय गथफोरा थाम मानथाखो जखानिख्रुइ बारासिन आरो जिखुनुजा बेफोर दिनथिनाय थिरांथा गेजेरनि गाहायाव गोग्लैनायखौ जौनोरोङै, उदायै आरो खम लिरथाय फोरमायदों। Children whose height-for-age falls more than two standard deviations below the reference median are defined as stunted. जाय गथफोरनि जौथायनि थाखाय बैसोया गरनि नै मानथाखो जखानिख्रुइ बारासिन आरो थिरांथा गेजेरनि गाहायाव गोग्लैनायखौ जौनोरोङै फोरमायदों। Children whose mothers have completed middle school or higher education are even less likely to suffer malnutrition. जाय गथफोरनि बिमाफोरा गेजेरफरायसालि फोजोबदों एबा गोजौ सोलोंथाय दं बिसोर बबेखानि जानोहागौ खमसिन आदार आंखालाव भुगियो। Children whose mothers have little or no education tend to have a lower nutritional status than do children of more-educated mothers. जाय गथफोरनि बिमाफोराहा खम एबा जेबोसोलोंथाय गैया बिसोर बांसिन सोलोंथाय गोनां बिमाफोरनि गथफोरनिख्रुइ खमसिन निउत्रिसेनल मानथाखोखौ मोनो। Children whose mothers have some education but have not completed middle school are much less likely to be stunted, wasted, or underweight than are children whose mothers are illiterate. जाय गथफोरनि बिमाफोराहा एसे सोलोंथाय दं नाथाय गेजेर फरायसालिखौ फोजोबाखै, बिसार जानोहागौ जाय गथफोरनि बिमाफोरा लेखारोंङा बिसोरनिख्रुइ जोबोर खमसिन जौनोरोङै, खामानियाव उदायै एबा खम गिलिर जायो। Children with three or more older siblings are more likely to suffer chronic malnutrition than are children from smaller families, probably because competition for food increases with family size. साथाम एबा बांसिन देरसिन बिदा बिनानाव गोनां गथफोरा जानोहागौ उन्दैसिन नखरफोरनि गथफोरनिख्रुइ बारासिन क्रनिक निउत्रिसन आंखांलाव भुगियो, थारैनो मानोना नखरारि महरजों आदारनि थाखाय बादिनांनाया बाङो। Children’s nutritional status varies widely by state. गथफोरनि निउत्रिसनेल मानथाखोआ हादोरसाजों गुवारै रोखोम रोखोम जायो। Clear research evidence must come from many countries before supplementary feeding is condemned outright as being totally ineffective and hence of low priority. साफ्लिमेनथारि आदार जाहोनायनि सिगां गोबां हादोरफोरनिफ्राय फैथारनांगौ रोखा नायबिजिरनाय फोरमाना थोंजोङै आबुङै जाउन गैयै महरै आरो खम गुननि थाखाय दसिजादों। Controlling for mother’s education and the other demographic and socioeconomic variables has virtually no effect on gender differences in any of the three indices of child malnutrition. बिमानि सोलोंथाय आरो गुबुन देमग्राफिक आरो समाज रांखान्थि सोलायसोलखौ थामायनायहा प्राय गथ आदार आंखालनि मोनथाम दिन्थिनायफोरनि मोनसेयावबो आथोन फारागथिफोराव जेबो जाउन गैया। Decisions should, however, not be made merely on the number of beneficiaries; coverage cannot be the sole estimate of a programme's effectiveness, even if it does look good in the statistics book. नाथाय, थिरांथाखौ मुलामफा मोनगिरिफोरनि अनजिमा सायावल खालामनो नाङा; लाफानाय जायगाखौ मोनसे हाबाफारिनि जाउननिल हमना लानाय जानोहाया, बेयो स्टेटिचतिकच बिजाबाव नुनो मोजांब्लाबो। Depending on precise area needs, this dietary education will be supported by therapeutic iron and vitamin supplements. थि ओनसोल गोनांथिफोरनि सायाव सोनारनानै, बे आदारारि सोलोंथाया थेरापिउतिक आइरन आरो भितामिन साप्लिमेन्तफोरजों हेफाजाब होजागोन। Depending on the area and socio-economic level, complete weaning occurs between six and fourteen months of age. ओनसोल आरो समाज रांखानथि थाखोयाव सोनारनानै, गासै आहार जाहोनायखौ फोजोबनाया द आरो जिब्रैदान बैसोनि गेजेराव जायो। Each index provides somewhat different information about a child’s nutritional status. मोनफ्रोमबो इनदेक्सया गथनि निउत्रिसनेल मानथाखोनि सोमोनदै एसे गुबुन खौरां जगायो। Efforts to improve child nutrition might usefully concentrate on states such as Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh where the problem is particularly severe. गथ निउत्रिसनखौ जौगा होनो थाखाय नाजानायफोर बाहायफुंनाया बिहार, मध्यप्रदेस, आरो उत्तरप्रदेस बायदि हादोरसाफोराव गोसो होनांगौ, गुबैयै जेराव जेंनाफोरा बांद्राय। Even in Kerala, which has the lowest infant and child mortality rates in India, more than one-fourth of young children are stunted, and similar proportions are underweight. केरेलायावबो, जायहा भारतावनो खमसिन खुदिया आरो गथ थैथाय हार दं, उन्दै गथफोरनि ब्रैबाहागोनि सेनिख्रुइबो बारासिनानो जौनोरोङै आरो एखे रुजुथायानो खमगिलिर गोनां। Family size does not have a significant effect on acute malnutrition, however, as indicated by wasting. थेवबाबो उदायै जों दिनथिजानाय बायदियै नखरारि महरा बांद्राय आदार आंखालाव जाउन गैया। For pregnancy, a main consideration is dietary education regarding different mixtures of regional foods advisable for the pregnant mother. मोदोम गोरलैनि थाखाय, मोनसे गाहाय गनायथिया जादों मोदोम गोरलै बिमानि थाखाय बिथान होथाव ओनसोलारिनि गुबुन गुबुन गलाय मोनदेर आदारफोरनि सोमोनदै सोलोंथाय होनाय। For the 20 states where both height and weight were measured, the NFHS provides three indices of children’s nutritional status: height-for-age, weight-for-height, and weight-for-age. गोजौ आरो गिलिर मोननैखौबो सुग्रा 20 हादोरफोरनि थाखाय NFHSया गथफोरनि निउत्रिसनेल मानथाखोनि मोनथाम दिन्थिग्राफोरखौ जगायो: जौथायनि थाखाय बैसो, लिरथायनि थाखाय जौथाय, आरो लिरथायनि थाखाय बैसो। For this reason, the independent effect of mother’s education is estimated here using logistic regression and multiple classification analysis to control for the effects of 12 other—potentially confounding—variables. बे जाहोननि थाखाय, बिमानि सोलोंथायनि उदांस्रि जाउना बेवहाय गुबुन मोनजिनै गोहोगोनां confounding रोखोमफोरखौ दबथायनो logistic regression आरो बां थाखो राननाय नायबिजिरनायखौ बाहायनानै हमना लानाय जायो। General education has also been shown to be an important factor. सरासनस्रा सोलोंथायाबो मोनसे गोनां जाहोन होनना दिनथि जादों। Height-for-age measures linear growth retardation, primarily reflecting chronic (long-term) malnutrition. गुदियै क्रनिक मेलनिउत्रिसनखौ नुजाहोनानै जौथायनि-थाखाय-बैसोया लिनियार देरनाय लासै जानायखौ सुयो। In 1992– 93, the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) collected anthropometric data on the height and weight of children below four years of age from a nationally representative sample. 1992– 93याव हादोरारि नखरारि देहा सारभेया (NFHS) हादोरनांयारियै थान्दैन मुनानिफ्राय ब्रै बोसोर बैसोनि सिं गथफोरनि जौथाय आरो लिरथायनि सायाव एनथ्रपमेत्रिक तथ्य बुथुमदोंमोन। In 20 of these states, the survey collected information on children’s weight and height. बेफोर 20 हादोरसाफोराव, सारभेया गथफोरनि लिरथाय आरो जौथायनि सायाव खौरां बुथुमदोंमोन। In Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal, only children’s weight was obtained because height-measuring boards were not available. अनध्रप्रदेस, हिमासल प्रदेस, मध्य प्रदेस,तामिलनादु आरो सोनाब बेंगलाव गथफोरनि लिरथायखौल सुनाय जादोंमोन, मानोना जौथाय सुनाय बिफानफोरा थोजासे नङामोन। In Sri Lanka, after a decade of maternal supplementation, estimates of the incidence of low birth-weight remain unchanged. स्रिलंकायाव, बिमायारि साप्लिमेन्तेसनखौ होनायनि से जिथाय उनावबो, खमगिलिर जोनोम जानाय जाथायनि हमनालानायफोरा सोलाया बालानो दं। In the analysis, these variables are held constant by setting them at their mean values. नायबिजिरनायाव, बेफोर सोलायसोल फोरा,बेफोरनि गर बिबांफोराव बेफोरखौ साजायनानै खालामजाबाय थायो। In Sri Lanka Country-Wide Programme, for example, 75 per cent of mothers at risk were reached, but the success rate with children with second- and third-degree protein-energy malnutrition was only 50 per cent. बिदिन्थिमहरै, स्रिलंका हादोरनां हाबाफारियाव (Sri Lanka Country-Wide Programme) खैफोदाव गोगलैनाय 75 जौखोनदो बिमाफोरखौ लोगो हमनाय जादोंमोन, नाथाय नैथि-आरो-थामथि दिग्रि प्रतिन-गोहो निउत्रिसन आंखाल गोनां गथफोरजों जाफुंसारनाय हारा 50 जौखोनदोल मोन। Infant and child mortality rates in these states are also higher than the national average. बेफोर हादोरसाफोराव खुदिया आरो गथ थैथाय हारफोराबो हादोरारि गर निख्रुइ बांसिन। Infants less than six months old are less likely to be malnourished than are older children, probably because they tend to be breastfed. द दानफोर-निख्रुइ खम बैसोनि खुदियाफोरा देरसिन गथफोर निख्रुइ खमसिन आदार आंखालाव गोगलैयो, थारैनो मानोना बिसोर आहार जाहोजायो। It could be concluded, therefore, that mothers were a better proposition. बेखायनो, बेखौ फोजोबनाय जादोंमोनदि बिमाफोरा साबसिन बिथांखिमोन। It is considered in Sri Lanka, for example, that community involvement is crucial to the success of a government-sponsored programme. बिदिन्थि महरै, स्रिलंकायाव बेखौ गनायथिनाय जादोंदि, समाजारि बाहागो लाफानाया सोरखारि हेफाजाब होजानाय हाबाफारिनि जाफुंसारनायाव जेंना गोनां। Labour and delivery, to help you take care of your baby and get back in shape again. नोंनि खुदियाखौ जोथोन लानो आरो दाथायखौ फिन मोनफिन होनो लेबार आरो देलिभाराया नोंखौ हेफाजाब होगोन। Like family size, household economic status has a strong effect on chronic child malnutrition, shown by data on stunting and underweight, but no significant effect on acute malnutrition, indicated by wasting. नखर महर बायदि, नखरारि रांखानथि मानथाखोहा क्रोनिक गथ आदार आंखालनि सायाव मोनसे गोख्रों जाउन दं, जोरोंङै आरो खम लिरथायनि तथ्यजों दिनथिजानाय, नाथाय एकिउत आदार आंखालाव जेबो रोखा जाउन गैया, उदायैजों दिनथिजानाय। Likewise, current surveys of pre-school-child malnutrition do not show a change from a survey carried out in 1975/76. बेबायदियैनो, आगु-फरायसालि-गथ मेलनिउत्रिसननि बोहैथि सारभेफोरा 1975/79 याव मावफुंजानाय मोनसे सारभेनिफ्राय सोलायनाय दिनथिया। Malnutrition during childhood can also affect growth potential and the risk of morbidity and mortality in later years of life. गथसमाव निउत्रिसन आंखाला देरनाय गोहो आरो जिउनि उनबोसोरफोराव नोरजिया आरो थैथायनि खैफोदखौ गोहोमखोख्लैयो। Many suffer severe malnutrition, as defined by WHO standards. WHO मानथाखोफोरजों बेखेवजानाय बायदिब्ला गोबाङानो आदार आंखालाव भुगियो। Many young children in India are malnourished. भारतनि गोबां उनदै गथफोरा आदार आंखालाव भुगिजानाय। Mother’s education has a strong independent effect on a child’s nutritional status even after controlling for the potentially confounding effects of the 12 other demographic and socioeconomic variables. बबेखानि 12 गुबुन देमग्राफिकआरो समाज राजखान्थिखौ सोलाय सलनि गोहो गोनांसोलो मोनै खालामनाय जाउनफोरखौ होबथानाय उनावबो बिमानि सोलोंथायहा मोनसे गथनि निउत्रिसनेल मानथाखोयाव मोनसे गोख्रों उदांस्रि जाउन दं। None of the other variables analyzed has a strong, consistent, independent effect on the three measures of child malnutrition. नायबिजिरजानाय गुबुन सोलाय सलफोरनि रावहाबो गथ आदार आंखालनि मोनथाम सुथायफोराव, गोख्रों अरायथा, उदांस्रि जाउन गैया। One common "leakage" of food aid identified in Sri Lanka was intra-familial, and perhaps the only practical approach is towards whole family units. स्रिलंकायाव सिनायजानाय अदार हेफाजाबनि मोनसे सरासनस्रा “नुजाथिनाया” इसिं-नखरारिमोन (intra-familial), आरो जानोहागौ मोकथांआरि लोगोहमनायाल गासै नखर इउनितफोरनि फारसे। Other states with relatively high levels of child malnutrition are Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. रुजुथाव महरै गथ मेलनिउत्रिसननि गोजौ थाखोफोर गोनां गुबुन हादोरसाफोरा जादों मध्य प्रदेस आरो उत्तर प्रदेस। Other states with relatively low levels of malnutrition are Goa, Delhi, Manipur, Mizoram, and Nagaland. रुजुथाव महरै मेलनिउत्रिसननि गाहाय थाखोफोर गोनां गुबुन हादोरसाफोरा जादों, गवा, मनिपुर, मिजराम, आरो नागालेन्द। Results indicate that more than half of all children under age four are malnourished. जाउनफोरा दिनथियोदि, ब्रै बैसोर बैसो सिंनि गासै गथफोरनि खावसेनिख्रुइ बांसिनानो आदार आंखाल जानाय। Separate analyses of state-level data indicate that even in Bihar, where the status of women is arguably the lowest in India, malnutrition levels are similar for boys and girls. हादोरसा थाखो तथ्यनि आलदा आलदा नायसंनायफोरा दिनथियोदि बिहारावबो, जेराव हिनजावफोरनि मानथाखोया भारतावनो जुकतिमहरै खमसिन,आदार आंखाल थाखोफोरा हौवासाफोर आरो हिनजावसाफोरनि थाखाय समान। Several different characteristics may influence a child’s nutritional status, confounding the effect of any single variable such as mother’s education. गोबां रोखम रोखम आखलफोरा जायखि जाया मोनसे रोखम जेरै बिमानि सोलोंथायनि जाउनखौ (confounding) confound खालामनानै सासे गथनि निउत्रिसनेल मानथाखोखौ गोहोमखोखलैनो हागौ। Several other studies in India and in other developing countries with widespread sex discrimination have also failed to detect a gender differential in child malnutrition. गुवार गोसारथि आथोनारि खैसारिजों भारतनि आरो गुबुन जौगाफु हादोरफोरनि गोबां गुबुन गुबुन नायबिजिरनायफोराबो गथ आदार आंखालाव आथोनारि फारागथिखौ संदाननो फेलेंजादों। Some countries have assessed the viability of programmes by examining the effectiveness with which they have reached target groups. खायसे हादोरफोरा जाउनखौ आनजाद नायनानै हाबाफारिफोरनि मावफुंहानायखौ नायबिजिरखांबाय जायनि जोहै बिसोर नोजोर लानाय हानजाफोरसिम सहैदों। Soysa has claimed that literacy is one of the main factors responsible for the reduction in birth-rates in Sri Lanka. सयासाया दाबिदोंदि सोलोंथाया स्रिलंकानि जोनोम हारफोरखौ खामायनायनि गाहाय दायगिरि जाहोनफोरनि मोनसे। Soysa has postulated that one of the reasons why nutrition messages are not getting through to the rural areas is because of inadequate attempts to improve conventional methods of education. सयसाया गनायथिदोंदि निउत्रिसनखौरांफोरा मानो गामियारि ओनसोलफोरनि गेजेरजों सहोयैनि जाहोनफोरनि मोनसेया जादों सोलोंथायनि सोलिबायथानाय(conventional) आदबफोरखौ जौगाहोनो थोजासे नङै नायजानायनि थाखाय। Soysa has related the level of education of Sri Lankan women to their utilization of health services and has found a positive correlation. सयासाया स्रिलंकान आइजोफोरनि सोलोंथायनि थाखोखौ बिसोरनि देहायारि आबारफोरनि(services) बाहायथिजों सोमोनदो खालामबाय आरो मोनसे मोजां सोमोनदो मोनदों। Special attention will also be given to teaching hygiene to prepare the woman for her eventual motherhood. आयजोखौ गावनि बिमा जाहैगोननि थाखाय साखोनसिखोनै साखाफारा जानो फोरोंनो जरखा गोसोखौबो होनाय जागोन। Supportive education will also be carried out in schools and other governmental organizations. हेफाजाबगोनां सोलोंथायखौबो फरायसालिफोर आरो गुबुन सोरखारि आफादफोराव सालायनाय जागोन। Surprisingly, given widespread evidence of discrimination against girls in India, the proportions stunted and underweight are identical for boys and for girls. सोमोनांथावनायै भारतनि हिनजावसाफोरनि हेंथायै खैसारिनि होजानाय गुवार फोरमान, जौनोरोङै आरो खमगिलिर रुजुथायफोरा हौवासाफोर आरो हिनजावसाफोरनि थाखाय सिनायथाव। Teaching sessions will be supported by posters and pamphlets. फोरोंनाय समफोरा फसथारफोर(POSTER) आरो फोसावबिलायफोरजों हेफाजाब होजागोन। Teaching will also be provided on how to integrate the child into the family diet. सोलोंथायखौ नखर आदाराव गथखौ माबोरै सरजाबफानांगौनि सायावबो होनाय जागोन। The birth of your baby is one of the most exciting events in your life, a moment that you will cherish and remember always. नोंनि गथनि जोनोमा नोंनि जिवनि जोबोर गोसोदुंखां होनाय आयदाफोरनि मोनसे, मोनसे बुब्लि जायखौ रंजाखांगोन आरो जेब्लाबो गोसोखांबाय थागोन। The comparatively low proportions of children wasted indicate that acute mal-nutrition is less common in India than chronic malnutrition. रुजुथाव महरै उदायै गथफोरनि खम बाहागोफोरा दिनथियोदि भारताव जोबोर आदार आंखाला क्रनिक आदारआंखालनिख्रुइ खम सरासनस्रा। The fourth session is done after delivery, which deals with postnatal exercises and getting back in shape. ब्रैथि फालिथायखौ गथ जोनोम होनायनि उनावसो मावनाय जायो, जाय जोनोम उन बियामफोर आरो दाथायाव फैफिननायखौ सामलायो। The introduction of a specific nutritional programme directed at the mother and her child succeeds in focusing the attention of governments on a specific health issue in a way that more indirect ways, such as wage increases, never can. बिमा आरो बिनि गथनि सायाव दिनथिजानाय थि निउत्रिसनेल हाबाफारिनि थिसननाया गोबां खेंसालिया राहाफोराव थि देहा जेंनानि सायाव सोरखारफोरनि नोजोरखौ दिनथिनायाव जाफुंसारदों, जेरै बायदि, बेथन बारायनाया, माब्लाबाबो जाया। The lower levels of wasting, compared with stunting and underweight, indicate that chronic (long-term) malnutrition is more common than acute (severe but short-term) malnutrition. जौरोङै आरो खमलिरथाय जों रुजुनायाव, उदायैनि खम थोरफोफोरा दिनथियोदि क्रनिक आदार आंखाला (गोबाव सम) एकिउत आदार आंखाल निख्रुइ (गोबां नाथाय खम सम) बांसिन सरासनस्रा। The prevalence of wasting among young children in India is about 8 times the level in the international reference population, and the prevalence of severe wasting is about 25 times the international level. भारताव उनदै गथफोरनि गेजेराव उदायैनि गोसोरथिया इसिंहादोरारि फोरमायजानाय सुबुंअनजिमानि 8 गुनफ्राम बारा, आरो बांद्राय उदायैनि गोसारथिया इसिंहादोरारि थोरफोयाव नैजि-बा गुनफ्राम बारा। The proportion wasted is somewhat higher for boys. उदायै रुजुथाया हौवासाफोरनि थाखाय एसे बारासिन। The purpose of these Antenatal Care Sessions is to smoothen the process of labour and delivery, to provide answers to your questions about pregnancy, to ease the discomforts during pregnancy. बेफोर Antenatal Care Session फोरनि थांखिया गोरबो थानाय आरो जोनोम होनायनि फारिखानथिखौ माहि खालामनाय, गोरबो थानाय सोमोनदै नोंनि सोंलुफोरखौ फिनाय होनाय, गोरबो थानाय समाव सुखुयैखौ खमायनाय। The states with the highest and lowest levels of malnutrition are Bihar and Kerala. बांसिन आरो खमसिन आदार आंखाल थोरफोफोर गोनां हादोरसाफोरा बिहार आरो केरेला। The survey provides a unique opportunity to study the levels and determinants of child malnutrition in India. सारभेया भारतनि गथ आदार आंखालनि थोरफोफोर आरो थिरांथाफोरखौ नायबिजिरनो मोनसे जरखा खाबु जगायो। The third session is usually where I show a VCD of a labour and delivery and walk the patient through the entire process with husbands in attendance for this session. थामथि फालिथाया सरासनस्रायै, जेराव आं गोरबो थानाय आरो जोनोम होनायनि मोनसे भि.सि.दि. दिनथियो आरो बे फालिथायनि थाखाय फिसायफोरनि नुजाथिनायाव बेरामिखौ गासै फारिखानथिनि गेजेरजों थाबायहोयो। There can, however, be positive achievements that are rarely taken into account. अब्लाबो, बेवहाय आसागोनां मावफुंथायफोर थानो हागौ जायखौ खमै हिसाबलानाय जायो। These three indices are expressed in terms of standard deviations from the median for an international reference population specified by the World Health Organization (WHO). बुहुम देहा फसंथान(WHO) जों थियै मखजानाय बुहुमनां फोरमायजानाय सुबुंफोरनि गेजेरनिफ्राय मानथाखो एरायनायनि सोमोनदोयाव बेफोर मोनथाम दिनथिनायफोरा फोरमायजायो। This highlights the need for collaborative research of an applied nature between different developing countries. बेयो आलादा आलादा जौगाफु हादोरफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे बाहायजानाय मिथिंगानि खौसेथि नायबिजिरनायनि गोनांथिखौ जरहोयो। This is a series of 4 sessions, which are individualized and start at 20 weeks with pelvic floor strengthening and aerobic exercises along with a nutrition and breast check. बे ब्रै फालिथायफोरनि मोनसे फारि जायखौ ब्यक्तिगत खालामनाय जायो आरां निउत्रिसन आरो आबुं आनजाद नायनायजों लोगोसे पेलबिक फ्लोर बोलोफोरानाय आरो एरबिक बियामफोरजों नैजि सफथाफोराव जागायो। This is an all-important factor politically and socially in shaping national policy. बेयो हादोरारि मावसोलो महर होनायाव राजखानथियारियै आरो समाजारियै मोनसे गोनां जाहोन। This is followed by the next session at 26-28 weeks with stretching exercises and aerobic activities with a nutrition check. बेयो निउत्रिसन आनजादजों सानेरनाय बियामफोर आरो एरबिक खामानिफोरजों 26-28 सफथायाव नैथि फालिथायजों उनहोसोजायो। This issue of the NFHS Bulletin estimates levels of child malnutrition and examines the effects of mother’s education and other demographic and socioeconomic factors on the nutritional status of children. NFHS बुलेतिननि जेंनाया गथ निउत्रिसननि थाखोफोरखौ हमनालायो आरो गथफोरनि निउत्रिसनेल मानथाखोनि सायाव बिमानि सोलोंथायनि जाउनफोरखौ आरो गुबुन देमग्राफिक आरो समाजरांखानथि जाहोनफोरखौ आनजाद नायो This lack of success is a common finding; Beaton and Ghassemi have recently reviewed a number of international programmes, and it was impossible to demonstrate a significant improvement in any of them. जाफुंसारनायनि आंखाला मोनसे सरासनस्रा जाउन ; बावैसो बितन आरो घासेमिया गोबां हादोरइसिङारि हाबाफारिफोरखौ नायबिजिरफिनबाय, आरो बेफोरनि जायखिजाया मोनसेयाव मोनसे रोखा जौगानायखौ दिनथिनाया जाथावैमोन। This nutritional package for the mother and child will be backed by national educational measures via radio and television, and by a system for the distribution and sale of low-cost foods. बिमा आरो गथनि थाखाय बे निउत्रिसनेल थफलाया(package) रेदिअ आरो तेलिभिजोन जोहै हादोरारि सोलोंथायारि राहाफोर, आरो खम-बेसेन खाजाफोर राननाय आरो फाननायनि मोनसे खानथिजों हेफाजाब होजागोन। This would increase the cost of a food-aid programme, but no woman in any culture will restrict food to her own use; she will always share it with her family. बेयो आदार-हेफाजाब हाबाफारिनि खरसाखौ बांहोगोन, नाथाय मोनसेबो हारिमुनि रावबो आइजोया गावनि थाखायल बाहायनो आदारखौ होबथानो मोननाय नङा; बियो जेब्लाबो बेखौ गावनि नखरजों रानलायनांगोन। Thus, it might produce a better success rate if the whole family were aided, not just those clinically at risk. बेबादिनो, क्लिनिकेलियै खैफोदाव गोगलैनाय फोरखौल होयालाबानो, गासै नखरखौनो हेफाजाब होनायमोनब्ला, बेयो साबसिन जाफुंसारनाय हारखौ सोमजिहोगौमोन। Towards the end of pregnancy the importance of immediately breast-feeding the newborn will be stressed, plus the introduction of more adequate hygienic measures surrounding child-birth. गोरबो थानायनि जोबनाय फारसे उजिगोदाननो थाबैनो आहार-जाहोनायनि गोनांथिखौ, लोगोसे गथ-जोनोमनि सोरगिदिं गोबां थोजासे गोगो राहाफोरनि सिनायथिखौ नारसिननाय जागोन। Twenty-nine percent are severely stunted, 3 percent are severely wasted, and 22 percent are severely underweight. नैजि-गु जौखोनदोया जोबोरै जौरोङै, 3 जौखोनदोया जोबोरै उदायै, आरो 22 जौखोनदोया जोबोरै खम लितथाय गोनां। Weight-for-age reflects both chronic and acute malnutrition. लितथायनि-थाखाय-बैसोया मोननैबो क्रनिक आरो एकिउत मेलनिउत्रिसनखौ मोदान होयो। Weight-for-height measures bodymass in relation to height, primarily reflectingacute (short-term) malnutrition. लितथायनि-थाखाय-जौथाया जौथायजों सोमोनदो लाखिनानै देहा बिबांखौ सुयो, गाहायै एकिउत(खमम-सम) मेलनिउत्रिसनखौ मोदानहोनानै। When developing countries have limited resources and there are competing demands for them, it is inevitable that there will be pressures to set priorities, with demonstrable success scoring highly. जेब्ला जौगाफु हादोरफोरहा खम फुंखाफोर थायो आरो बेफोरनि थखाय बेवहाय बादायज्लायनाय गोनांथिफोर थायो, बेयो सैथदि बेवहाय गोनांथिफोरखौ गायसननो नारसिनथाय थागोन, गोबाङै बिबांगोनां फोरमानहोथाव जाफुंसारनायजों। When the baby is two months old the mother will be taught to prepare supplementary foods. जेब्ला खुदियाया नै दान बैसोनि जाहैयो बिमानो साप्लिमेनतारि आदारफोर थियारि खामालनो फोरोंनाय जागोन। When the child reaches one year of age, he will be tested and treated for parasite infestation. जेब्ला गथया से बोसोर बैसो सहैयो, बिखौ मालाय सोनार जिब(parasite) सागलोबनायनि थाखाय आनजाद आरो सिकितसा खालामनाय जागोन। Why this is so is not easy to determine, but at least some of the blame must rest on logistic failures. बेयो मानो बेबादि जायो थिरांथा खालानाया गोरलै नङा, नाथाय खमैब्लाबो खायसे दाया जाहोन गोनां फेलेंफोराव थाथारगोन। With all the complex social, economic, and political factors working against health improvements, it is not surprising that there is such a high apparent failure rate. गासै जेंना गोनां, समाज, रांखानथि आरो देहा जौगासारनायफोरनि सायाव खामानि मावनाय राजखानथियारि जाहोनफोरजों, बेयो सोमोथावना नङादि बेवहाय बेबादि मोनसे जोबोर रोखा गोनां फेलें जानाय हार दं। Women’s education and literacy programmes could play an important role in improving children’s nutritional status. आइजोफोरनि सोलोंथाय आरो लेखारोंनाय हाबाफारिफोरा गथफोरनि निउत्रिसनेल मानथाखो जौगाहोनायाव मोनसे गोनां बिफाव लानो हायोमोन। A baby does not need the nutrients in solid foods before age 4 to 6 months. 4-6 दान बैसोनि सिगां सासे खुदियानो गथा आदारफोरनि निउत्रिनफोर गोनांथि जाया। A baby exposed early to a flavour that appears in it's mother's milk will probably continue to enjoy that flavour when it appears in food. गावनि बिमानि गाइखेराव नुजानाय थावनायखौ आगुयै मोननाय सासे खुदियाया गमामायैनो बै थावनायखौ मोजां मोनबाय थागोन, जेब्ला बेयो आदाराव नुजायो। A baby usually doubles its birth weight within the first 4 months and triples birth weight by the first birthday (cf. height and weight development). सासे खुदियाया सरासनस्रायै गिबि 4 दाननि गेजेराव गावनि जोनोम लिरथायखौ नै गुन बांहैयो आरो गिबि जोनोम सानाव जोनोम लिरथाया थामगुन जाहैयो(cf- जौथाय आरो लिरथाय जौगासारनाय)। Also, practice some comforting techniques, such as rocking your baby or talking or singing softly to her. आरोबाव, खायसे गोजोनग्लाय होनाय आदबफोरखौबो सरसा खालाम, जेरैबादि नोंनि खुदियाखौ दिनदांनानै लोर-सोर खालामनाय एबा बिजों गुरैयै रालायनाय एबा रोजाबनाय। Although breast milk and formula contain very small amounts of vitamin C, it is enough to meet a baby's needs. आबु आहार आरो फरमुला आदारा जोबोर खम बिबां भितामिन C थायोब्लाबो, बेयो गथनि गोनांथिफोरखौ सुफुंनो थोजासे। Although breastfeeding is best for most babies, this may not be possible for all families. बांसिन खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय आबु जाहोनाया साबसिनब्लाबो, बेयो गासैबो नखरफोरनि थाखाय हाथावना जायाबो जानो हागौ। Although friends and relatives will share their experiences, the decision of how and when to feed your baby will depend on your baby's and your own needs. लोगोफोर आरो बाहागिफोरा गावसोरनि रोंमोनदाथिफोरखौ होलायगोनब्लाबो, नोंनि खुदियाखौ माबोरै आरो माब्ला जाहोनो बेनि थिरांथाया नोंनि खुदियानि आरो नोंनि गावनि गोनांथिफोरावसो सोनारगोन। Although malnutrition is highest among children of illiterate women, more than 40% of children whose mothers have completed middle school or higher education also suffer from chronic malnutrition. मेलनिउत्रिसना लेखारोङै आइजोफोरनि गथफोरनि गेजेराव बांसिनब्लाबो, 40 जौखोनदोनि बारासिन गथफोराबो क्रनिक मेलनिउत्रिसनाव भुगियो,जायफोरनि बिमाफोरा गेजेर फरायसालि एबा गोजौसिन सोलोंथाय फोजोबबाय। Although most babies get fussy or appear colicky at times, it may be worth seeing if some type of food is causing it. गोबां समाव बांसिन खुदायाफोरानो सुखुयै एबा उदै सानायाव भुगियोब्लाबो, जुदि खायसे रोखोमनि आदारा बेखौ सोमजि होदोंब्ला बेयो फाहामथाव जानो हागौ। Among all the demographic and socioeconomic variables analyzed here, mother’s education has the strongest independent influence on child malnutrition. बेवहाय आनजाद खालामजानाय गासै देमग्राफिक(सुबुं अनजिमा साननाय) आरो समाज रांखानथि सोलाय-सलफोरनि गेजेराव, बिमानि सोलोंथायहा गथ मेलनिउत्रिसनाव गोख्रोंसिन उदांस्रि गोहोम दं। An 8- to 9-month baby will have one or two teeth and can probably handle lumpy foods. सासे 8-9 दान खुदियाया थायसे एबा थायनै हाथाय थागोन आरो जानोहागौ लद्रा(lumpy) खाजाफोरखौ आजावनो हागोन। An emphasis on the states with the highest levels of child malnutrition should not preclude steps to improve child nutrition in other states गथ मेलनिउत्रिसननि बांसिन बिबांफोर गोनां हादोरसाफोराव थानाय मोनसे गोहोमा गुबुन हादोरसाफोरनि गथ निउत्रिसन जौगाहोनाय आगानफोरखौ हेंथा होनाङा। Around age 4 to 6 months, babies gain control of the head and can sit upright more easily. 4-6 दान बैसोफ्राम खुदियाफोरा खरखौ थिर लाखिनो हानाय जायो आरो जोबोर गोरलैयै थोंगोरै जनो हानाय जायो। As they grow, they will become more regular and will be able to go longer between feedings. जेब्ला बिसोर देरबोयो, बिसोर बांसिन सरासनस्रा जाहैगोन आरो आदार जानायफोरनि गेजेराव गोबावसिन थानो हाग्रा जाहैगोन। At 12 months the baby's stomach will be able to hold about 1 cup (225 grams/8 ounces). 12 दानाव खुदियानि उदैया 1 कापफ्राम आजावनो हानाय जाहैगोन (255 ग्राम/8 ounces)। At heavier weights, fluid needs are smaller. A 5½ kg/12 pound baby, for example, needs about 4 cups (1litre/1 quart) of fluid a day. बांसिन लिरथायफोराव, दैलाव आदार गोनांथिफोरा खमसिन जायो। बिदिनथि महरै सासे 5½ केजि/12 पाउन्द खुदियानो सानसेयाव 4 कापफ्राम दैलाव आदार गोनां जायो। Babies get hungry at irregular times during the first few weeks. गिबि सफथाफोर समाव खुदियाफोरा जायखिजाया(irregular) समावनो उखैनो हागौ। Babies grow well in a variety of situations. रोखोम रोखोम थासारिफोराव खुदियाफोरा मोजाङै देरो। Babies have a strong sense of taste and do not need the flavour enhancers favourer by adults खुदियाफोरहा थावनायनि गोख्रों मोनदां गोहो दं आरो बैसोगोराफोरजों मोजां मोनजानाय थावनाय बारायहोग्राफोरखौ गोनां जायो। Babies need about 1/3 cup of fluid per pound of body weight up to 8 kilograms/18 pounds. खुदियाफोरनो 8 किलग्राम/18 पाउन्द देहा लिरथायसिम मोनफ्रोम पाउन्दाव 1/3 कापफ्राम दैलाव खाजाफोरनि गोनांथि जायो। Baby's main food will continue to be breast milk or formula. खुदियानि गुबै खाजाया आबु गाइखेर एबा फरमुला आदारयानो सोलिबाय थागोन। Be careful not to give so much water that the baby fails to get enough milk. जोबोर बांद्राय दै होयैयाव सांग्रां जा, मानोना गथया थोजासे गायखेर मोननो फेलें जायो। Because babies can eat very little at one time, they eat every two or three hours. मानोना खुदियाफोरा मोनसे समाव जोबोर खम जानो हायो, बिसोर मोनफ्रोमबो नै एबा थाम घनतायाव जायो। Both of these developmental milestones show that a baby is ready to eat from a spoon. बेफोर मोननैबो जौगानाय सिमाफोरा दिनथियोदि सासे खुदियाया सामुसनिफ्राय जानो थियारि जायो। Breast milk and commercial formulas contain adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals for normal infants. आबु गाइखेर आरो फालांगियारि फरमुला आदारफोरहा मोजां खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय थोजासे बिबांनि भितामिन आरो खनिमुवाफोर थायो। By the second or third day, your baby needs calories, water, and nutrients. नैथि एबा थामथि सानाव, नोंनि खुदियानो केलरिफोर, दै, आरो निउत्रिनफोरनि गोनां जायो। By this time the baby will have doubled its birth weight and will be becoming hungrier. बे समजों खुदिया बेनि जोनोम लिरथायखौ नै गुन मोनहैगोन आरो उखैसिनग्रा जाहैगोन। Colic is a condition that affects some newborn infants. उदै सानाया मोनसे थासारि जाय खायसे उजिगोदान खुदियाफोरखौ गोहोम खोखलैयो। Colic is a disorder where the infant displays intense crying and irritability for which there is no obvious cause. उदै सानाया मोनसे जेंना जेराव खुदुयाया जोबोरै गाबनाय आरो खें-खें दिनथियो, जायनि थाखाय बेवहाय जेबो रोखा जाहोन थाया। Colic may be a result of something baby has eaten or something mother has eaten that appears in her milk. उदै सानाया, खुदियाया माबाफोर जाफ्लांदों एबा बिमाया माबाफोर जाफ्लांदों जाय बिनि गाइखेराव नुजायो, बेनि मोनसे फिथाइ जानो हागौ। Drinking plenty of water will help provide the needed liquid. गोबां दै लोंनाया नांगौ जानाय दैलावखौ जगायनो हेफाजाब होगोन। Each family must choose what best nutrition is for their babies. नखरफ्रोमबो बिसोरनि खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय मा निउत्रिसना साबसिन बेखौ सायखथारनांगौ Early experiences with food may have an impact on later eating habits. आदारजों आगु रोंमोनदांथिफोरहा उननि जानाय हुदाफोराव मोनसे गोहोम थानो हागौ। Even in Kerala, the state with the lowest levels of child malnutrition in the country, more than one-fourth of all children under age four suffer from chronic malnutrition. बबेखानि, हादोरावनो खमसिन मेलनिउत्रिसन बिबां गोनां हादोरसा केरेलायाव ब्रै बोसोर सिं गासै गथफोरनि से-ब्रैनिख्रुइ बांसिनानो क्रनिक मेलनिउत्रिसनाव भुगियो। Even small babies can sense when a parent is tense rather than relaxed. उनदै खुदियाफोराबो मोनदांनो हायो जेब्ला बिमा-बिफाया गोजोननिख्रुइ खस्त जासिनो। Feeding-on-demand has become more popular although some parents still prefer to set up regular schedules that are convenient for them and their babies. नांगौ बादियै आदार जाहोनाया जोबोर मुंदांखा जाबोबाय, जुदिबो खायसे बिमा-बिफाफोरा दासिमबो सरासनस्रा समफारिलायफोर दानानै लानो सायखयो जायफोरा बिसोर आरो बिसोरनि खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय खाबु गोनां। Fluoride is known to be important for development of healthy teeth, but little research has been done to show how important fluoride is in the first six months of life. फ्लराइदया देहागोनां (healthy) हाथायनि जौगानायनि थाखाय गोनांथि होनना मोनथिजायो, नाथाय जिवनि गिबि द दानफोराव फ्लराइदा बेसेबां गोनांथि बेखौ दिनथिनो आनजाद खालाम जायाखै। For example, there is little iron in breast milk, but it is present in a very usable form. बिदिनथि महरै, आबु गाइखेराव आइरन थाया, नाथाय बेयो जोबोर बाहायथाव दाथायाव नुजायो। For several decades parents were told to introduce solid foods early. गोबां जिथायफोरनि थाखाय बिमा-बिफाफोरा थाबै गथा आदारफोर थिसननो बुंबोजाबोदोंमोन। For this amazing growth, the infant requires an adequate intake of calories and essential nutrients. बे सोमोथाव देरनायनि थाखाय, खुदायाया थोजासे केलरिफोर आरो गोनां निउत्रिनफोर लानांगौ गोनां जायो। Formula-fed babies will get adequate fluoride from the water (if it's fluoride-treated) that is mixed with the formula. फरमुला- आदार जाहोजाग्रा खुदियाफोरा दैनिफ्राय थोजासे फ्लराइद मोनगोन (बेयो फ्लराइद-सिकितसा खालामजानायब्ला) जाय फरमुलाजों गलाय जायो। Full-term babies are usually born with enough reserves of nutrients, especially water, to last the first few days. आबुं समनि खुदियाफोरा सरासनस्रायै, गिबि खायसे सानफोरनि थाखाय थावरिनो निउत्रिनफोरनि थोजासे दोनथुमथिफोरजों (reserves) जोनोम मोनो, गुबुयै दै। Generally the vitamins and minerals in breast milk are in forms that are especially well absorbed and used by an infant. सरासनस्रायै आबु गाइखेरनि भितामिनफोर आरो खनियारि मुवाफोरा दाथायफोराव थायो जायफोरा गुबैयै सासे खुदियाजों मोजाङै सोबजायो आरो बाहायजायो। Give the baby a few days to get used to it before adding another. गुबुन मोनसे होदेरबावनायनि सिगां खुदियानो खायसे सानफोरनि थाखाय बेखौ बाहायनो हो। Giving the baby extra vitamins and minerals is probably unnecessary under normal conditions and can be dangerous if excessive amounts are given. मोजां थासारिनि सिङाव खुदायानो उफेरा भितामिनफोर आरो खनियारि मुवाफोर होनाया थारैनो गोनांथि गोयै आरो बांद्राय बिबां होयोब्ला खैफोद गोनां जानो हागौ। Go easy. Start with easy-to-mash foods such as cooked potato or carrot, banana, or canned fruits. गोरलैयै सोलि। गुरैनिफ्राय गथा(mash) खाजाफोरजों जागायजेन, जेरैबादि संनाय आलु एबा गाजर, थालिर, एबा थेमायाव दोननाय फिथाइफोर। Good nutrition alone will not guarantee normal development, but a loving environment is incomplete without proper feeding. मोजां निउत्रिसना हारसिङै normal जौगानायखौ दाथिनो(guarantee) हाया, नाथाय मोजां आदार जाहोयालाबानो मोनसे अननाय गोनां थासारिया आद्रा जायो। Hold your baby to let him know that this new experience is all right. बे गोदान रोंमोनदांथिया गासैबो मोजां होनना बिखौ मोनथि होनो नोंनि खुदियाखौ बाम। However, parents should be careful not to impose their taste preferences on the baby. नाथाय, बिमा बिफाफोरा गथनाव गावसोरनि थावनाय सायखथिफोरखौ होनाङैयाव सांग्रां जानांगौ। If any nutrient is going to be in short supply, it is iron. जायखिजाया निउत्रिनया खमै जागायजादोंब्ला, बे जादों आइरन। If families with uneducated mothers or low socioeconomic status are more likely to misreport the ages of young children than are other families. सोलोंथाय गोयै बिमाफोर एबा गाहाय समाज-रांखानथि मानथाखो गोनां नखरफोरा गुबुन नखरफोरनिख्रुइ जानोहागौ उनदै गथफोरनि बैसोफोरखौ बांसिन गोरोनथि फोरमायथि होयो। If you have not begun to do so, begin now to offer the baby foods prepared for the family. बे बायदि मावनो नों जागायथयाखैब्ला, दा नखरनि थाखाय थियारि खालामनाय खाजाफोरखौ खुदियानो होनो जागायजेनदो। If your baby cries soon after eating and you can discover no reason, try feeding a little water in a clean bottle (but make sure you boil then cool the water first). जानायनि उनाव हरखाबनो नोंनि खुदियाया गाबोब्ला आरो नों जेबो जाहोन दिहुननो हायाखै, गंसे गोथार बथलाव एसे दै दौनो नाजा (नाथाय गोसोयाव लाखि नों फुदुंग्रोदों बेनि उनाव गिबियै दैखौ गुसु खालामदों) । If your baby starts to show some signs of chewing, you may want to give her some mashed vegetables or thick cereal to work on to improve chewing skills. नोंनि खुदियाया सावसुबनायनि खायसे इसाराफोर दिनथिनो जागायजेनबायब्ला, नों बिनो सावसुबनाय रोंगुनखौ जौगाहोनो खामानि मावहोनो खायसे गथा मैगंफोर एबा रोज्जा सिरेल आदार होनो गोसो खालामनो हायो। In addition, a full-term baby from a well-nourished mother is born with iron stores large enough to last nearly six months. बेनि अनगायैबो, सासे मोजाङै जोथोन लाजानाय बिमानिफ्राय आबुं-सम खुदियाया द दानफ्राम थावरिनो थोजासे आइरन बिबांजों जोनोम मोनो। In areas where the water is not fluoride-treated, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a fluoride supplement of 0.25 mg per day for both breastfed and bottle-fed babies. जायफोर ओनसोलफोराव दैया फ्लराइद-आबार लाजानाय नङा, आमेरिकान एकादेमि अफ पेदिएत्रिक्सया (American Academy of Pediatrics) मोननैबो आबु जाहोजानाय आरो बथल-आहार जाहोजानाय खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय सानफ्रोमबो 0.25 मिलिग्राम फ्लराइद साप्लिमेन्तखौ गनायथिदों। In some cases babies were started on cereals as early as three weeks after birth. खायसे जाथायफोराव खुदियाफोरा जोनोमनि उनाव थाम सफथा जानाय लोगो-लोगो सिरेल आदारफोर होनायाव जागाय जायोमोन। Introduce only one new food at a time for your delicate baby. नोंनि अनजाथाव खुदियानि थाखाय मोनसे समाव मोनसेल गोदान खाजा जाहो। Iron-fortified cereals are especially good sources of iron. आइरन-रैखाथिगोनां सिरेल आदारफोरा जरखायै आइरननि मोजां फुंखाफोर। It is easy for parents to urge babies to eat more than they really want; most babies do not know how to resist. बिमा-बिफाफोरनि थाखाय खुदायफोरखौ बिसोर थारैनो लुबैनायनिख्रुइ बांसिन जाहोनो गोसो जाहोनाया गोरलै; माखासे खुदियाफोरा माबोरै दबथायनांगौ मोनथिया। It is most important for parents to make decisions that conditions are right for the family. थिरांथा खालामनाया बिमा-बिफाफोरनि थाखाय जोबोर गोनांथिदि थासारिफोरा नखरनि थाखाय मोजां जायो। Just like older children and adults, babies need water as well as milk. गिदिर गथफोर आरो बैसोगोराफोरनि बादि, खुदियाफोरनो गाइखेरनि बादियै दैबो गोनां जायो। Learning to accept a variety of favours and textures is important. Many babies go through stages of inconsolable crying after feeding. गोबां खुदियाफोरा जाहोखांनायनि उनाव बुरखायजायै गाबनाय आखुफोर दिनथियो। Many babies may want additional water, especially in hot weather. गोबां खुदियाफोरा उफेरा दै लुबैनो हागौ, गुबुयै गुदुं बोथोराव। Many paediatricians recognise this problem and recommend iron supplements. गोबां पिदिएत्रिसियानफोरा बे जेंनाखौ सिनायथिदों आरो आइरन साप्लिमेन्तफोरखौ गनायथिदों। Most of fluid should come from breast milk or formula. बांसिन लाव-लाव मुवाया आबु गाइखेर एबा फरमुलानिफ्राय फैनांगौ। Mothers’ exposure to electronic mass media has no statistically significant effect on levels of child malnutrition. इलेकत्रनिक मास मेदाया फारसे बिमानि लोबबाया गथ मेलनिउत्रिसननि बिबांफोराव अनजिमा लेथाय महरै (statistically) जेबो रोखा जाउन गैया। New mothers who want to return to work have often been able to combine breastfeeding with formula-feeding, especially after the first few weeks, when the milk supply has been well established. खामानियाव थांफिननो लुबैनाय गोदान बिमाफोरा माखासे समाव फरमुला-जाहोनायजों आबु जाहोनायखौ दाजाबदेरनो हायो, गुबैयै खायसे गिबि सफथाफोरनि उनाव, जेब्ला गाइखेर जगायनाया मोजाङै गाइसन जायो। One study suggests that breastfed infants are more likely to try new flavours later in life. मोनसे नायबिजिरनाया बिथोन होदोंदि आबु जाहोजानाय खुदियाफोरा इउन जिवयाव बांसिनै गोदान थावनायखौ नाजानो हागौ। Over 40 different nutrients are needed by your baby for healthy growth and development. गुफुं देरनाय आरो जौगानायनि थाखाय नोंनि खुदियानो 40नि बारा आलादा-आलादा निउत्रिनफोर गोनांथि जागोन। Research shows that flavours from the food mother have eaten appear in her milk. नायबिजिरसंनाया दिनथियोदि बिमाया जानाय आदारनिफ्राय थावनायफोरा बिनि गाइखेराव नुजायो। Rice is less likely to cause allergic reactions than other grains. ओंखामा गुबुन खाजाफोरनिख्रुइ जानोहागौ एलारजिक फिनजाथायफोरखौ खमसिन सोमजिहोयो। Solid food gives your baby a good source of iron, as well as a good distribution of calories between carbohydrates, protein, and fat. गथा आदारा नोंनि खुदियानो आइरननि मोजां फुंखा होयो, लोगोसे कारबहाइद्रेत, पप्रतिन,आरो मेजेमनि गेजेराव मोजां रानलायथि होयो। Some children below age four were reported as older than they really were. ब्रै बैसो सिं खायसे गथफोरा बिसोरनि नंगुबै बैसोनिख्रुइ देरसिन महरै फोरमायथि जादोंमोन। Some paediatricians and nutritionists believe that early introduction of solid foods teaches a baby to overeat. खायसे पिदिएत्रिसियान आरो निउत्रिसनिस्तफोरा फोथायोदि आगु गथा आदार सिनायथि होनाया सासे खुदियाखौ बांद्राय जानो फोरोङो। Some paediatricians recommend iron-fortified infant rice cereal mixed with breast milk or formula as a first solid food. खायसे पिदिएत्रिसियानफोरा गिबि गथा आदार महरै आबु गाइखेर एबा फरमुलाजों गलायदेरनाय आइरन -रैखाथिगोनां खुदिया ओंखाम सिरेलखौ गनायथियो। Supplementation should begin two weeks after birth. साप्लिमेन्तखौ जोनोमनि नै सफथानि उनाव जागायनांगौ। The analysis shows that young children in small families are less likely to suffer chronic malnutrition than are children with three or more older siblings. नायबिजिरनाया दिनथियोदि उनदै नखरफोरनि उनदै गथफोरा साथाम एबा बांसिन गिदिर फंबाय-बिनानाव गोनां गथफोरनिख्रुइ जानो हागौ खमै मेलनिउत्रिसनाव भुगियो। The baby should be nestled close, touched, rocked, and talked to during feeding times. आदार जाहोनाय समफोराव खुदियाखौ खाथियाव बजबनागौ, बिलिरनांगौ, होरलांनांगौ आरो रायज्लायनांगौ। The current recommendation is to wait until the baby is 4 to 6 months old. बोहैथि गनायथिया जादों खुदियाया 4-6 दान बैसो जायैसिम नेथनांनाय। The first year of life is a time of more rapid growth and development than any other time of life. जिवनि गिबि बोसोरा जिवनि गुबुन जायखिजाया समनिख्रुइ बांसिन गोख्रै देरनाय आरो जौगानायनि मोनसे सम। The nursing mother usually needs extra 500 kilocalories per day, along with 20 more grams of protein and 400 more milligrams of calcium. जोथोन लानाय बिमानो सरासनस्रायै 20 ग्राम प्रतिन आरो 400 बारा मिलिग्राम केलसियामजों लोगोसे सानफ्रोमबो उफेरा 500 किलकेलरिफोर गोनां जायो। The results of this analysis add emphasis to the many other arguments in favor of strengthening women’s education and literacy programmes in India. भारताव बे नायसंनायनि फिथाइफोरा आइजोफोरनि सोलोंथाय आरो लेखारोंनाय हाबाफारिफोर गोख्रों खालामनायनि बेलायाव गुबुन गोबां जुकतिफोराव गोहोम दाजाबदेरो। The stomach of a newborn infant has a capacity of less than ¼ cup. गोदानै जोनोम मोननाय सासे खुदियानि उदैहा ¼ कापनिख्रुइ खमसिन जायगा थायो। These daily fluids are necessary for the formation of urine to help remove wastes from the body. बेफोर सानफ्रोमयारि लाव-लाव मुवाफोरा खुदियानिफ्राय गाज्रि मुवाफोरखौ दिहुनगारनो हेफाजाब होनो हासुदै सोमजिहोनायनि थाखाय गोनां। These findings should be interpreted with a degree of caution because there is evidence for some age misreporting in the survey. बेफोर जाउनफोरखौ सांग्रांथिनि मोनसे दिग्रिजों बेखेवसारनांगौ मानोना सारभेयाव खायसे बैसो गोरोनथि फोरमायथिनायनि फोरमान दं। This can be supplied by adding a glass of milk, a slightly larger serving of meat, and an egg or a slice of bread. बेखौ गिलाससे गाइखेर, एसे बिबांनि बेदर जाहोनाय, आरो दैसे दावदै एबा सिथासे रुथि दाजाबदेरनानै जगाय जायो। This finding provides a strong justification for family planning programs to limit family size. बे जाउना सिमना गोनां नखर दाथायनो नखर बिथांखि हाबाफारिफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे गोख्रों बिजिरथि जगायो। This is useful in sucking but prevents a baby from moving solid foods from the front of the mouth backward for swallowing. बेयो सोबनायाव बाहायफुंथाव नाथाय सासे खुदियाखौ गथा आदारफोरखौ मननो खुगानि सिगांनिफ्राय उनफारसे दोरोद होनायनिफ्राय होबथायो। This means that estimates of stunting and underweight, which are based on height-for-age and weight-for-age, may exaggerate the extent of malnutrition. बेयो ओंथि फोरमायोदि जौरोङै आरो खमलिरथायनि हमनालानायफोरा, जायफोरा जौथायनि-थाखाय-बैसो आरो लिरथायनि-थाखाय-बैसो नि सायाव सोनारो, मेलनिउत्रिसननि फुवारथिखौ बांद्राय बुंनो हागौ। This suggests that efforts to improve women’s education need to be combined with more specific programmes to improve child-feeding practices. बेयो बिथोन होयोदि गथ-आदार जाहोनाय सरसाफोरखौ जौगाहोनो आइजोफोरनि सोलोंथायखौ जौगाहोनो नाजाथिफोरखौ बांसिन रोखा हाबाफारिफोरजों सरजाबफानया गोनांथि। This suggests that radio and television programming in India needs to include more—or more effective—messages on children’s nutritional requirements. बेयो बिथोन होयोदि भारतनि रेदिअ आरो तेलिभिसन हाबाफारिया गथफोरनि निउत्रिसनेल गोनांथिफोराव बांसिन-एबा बांसनि जाउन गोनां खौरांफोर सरजाबफानाया गोनां। Until the age of three months, babies have a natural reflex to push outward with the tongue. दानथाम बैसो जायैसिम खुदियाफोरहा सालायखौ बायजो फारसे दिहुन हरनायनि मोनसे मिथिंगायारि हुदा थायो। Vegetables and fruits follow cereals at around 7 months. 7 दान फ्रामाव मैगं-थाइगं आरो फिथाइफोरा सिरेल आदारफोरखौ उन होसोयो। Whichever feeding method is chosen, the baby needs to be fed in an atmosphere of love. जाय जाहोनायनि आदबखौनो सायखवामानो, खुदियाखौ अनानायनि मोनसे आबहावायाव जाहोनांगौ। Without this tender physical contact, babies often fail to grow and develop. बे गोरलै देहायारि सोमोनदो गोयैयाव, खुदियाफोरा माखासे समाव देरनो आरो जौगानो फेलें जायो। Your baby may need reassuring when you first introduce solid foods. जेब्ला नों गथा आदारफोरखौ गिबियै सिनायथिगोन, नोंनि खुदियाखौ बुरखायफिननो गोनां जानो हागौ। Your baby needs the same nutrients you do: protein, carbohydrate, fat, water, vitamins, and minerals. नोंनि खुदियानो नोंनो नांनाय एखे निउत्रिनफोरखौ नांगौ जायो: प्रतिन, कारबहाइद्रेद, मेजेम, दै, भितामिन आरो खनियारि मुवाफोर। Your baby's nutritional needs will be safely and adequately supplied whether you choose to breast-feed or use commercial infant formula. नों आबु-जाहोनायखौ एबा फालांगियारि खुदिया फरमुलाखौ बाहायनो सायखथोंमानो, नोंनि खुदियानि निउत्रिसनेल गोनांथिफोरखौ रैखाथियै आरो थोजासेयै जगाय जागोन। A baby who continues to drink large amounts of milk may not be eating enough solid foods to meet his or her increasing nutritional needs. सासे खुदियाया निउथ्रिसनेल नांनाय बांनायखौ मोन्नो जाय अरायबो गोबां बिबांनि गाइखेर लोङो थोजासे ग’था आदार जायाबो जोनो हागौ। A total weight gain of about 25 to 30 pounds is usually recommended, with the actual pattern of gain considered more important than the number of pounds. फ्राय 25 निफ्राय 30 पावन्दसिमनि गासै अजन बांनाया सारासनस्रायै बोसोन होजानाय, पाउन्दनि अनजिमानिफ्राय बांनायनि थार बिदिन्थजों बांसिन गोनां मानिजानाय। A woman who breast-feeds expends 600 to 800 more calories than one who doesn't. सासे आयजोया जाय आहार दौवो, जाय सासे दौवैनिख्रुइ 600निफ्राय 800सिम गोबां खेलरिफोर बाङो। According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, pregnant women should increase their usual servings of a variety of foods. अबथेथ्रिसियान आरो गायनेकलजिस्थनि बादिब्ला गोरबोआव थानाय आयजोफोरा गावसोरनि सारासनस्रा आदार रोखोम रोखोमनि आदारनि जानाय बिबांखौ बांहोनांगौ। Adolescents and black women, who often have smaller babies, are now strongly advised to gain a greater amount. सेंग्रा बैसो आरो गोसोम आयजोफोरा, जायहा बांसिनानो फिसासिन खुदियाफोर दं, दानिया गोख्रोङैनो गोबांसिन बिबां बारायनो बोसोन होजोदों। Although egg yolks can be added to the diet around 10 months, egg whites or whole eggs should not be given to your baby until the end of the first year. 10 दान खाथिसिम दावदै गोमोआ आजाजों होफादेरनो हागोनब्लाबो, दावदै गुफुर एबा गासै दावदैफोरखौनो गिबि बोसोरनि जोबजासिम नोंनि खुदियानो जोहोनो नाङा। Although meat is a good source of protein, most babies get plenty of protein from milk. बेदरा प्रथिननि हामसिन गुदिब्लाबो, बांसिन खुदियानो गाइखेरनिफ्राय गोबां प्रथिन मोनो। Although the extra nutrients are required, an increase of only 300 calories per day is recommended. बांद्राय नीउथ्रिइन्थफोरा नांनायब्लाबो, सानसेयाव 300 केलरिसल’नि एसेल बारायनाया बोसोन होजानाय। Approximately 6 to 8 pounds of the total weight is the baby, and the remaining weight consists of an increased fluid volume, larger breasts and uterus, amniotic fluid, and placenta. फ्राय 6निफ्राय 8 पाउनदसिम गासै लिरथायानो खुदियाया, आरो खावसे थानाय अजना बांनाय लाव लाव बिबां, गिदिर बिखा आरो फिसाख’, एमनियथिक लाव लाव, आरो प्लेचेनताजों दाजानाय। Around 10 to 12 months, eggs can be added to the diet. 10निफ्राय 12 दान खाथिसिम, दावदैफोरखौ खाजाजों होफादेरनो हागोन। As a baby learns to drink more milk from the cup, bottles or breast feedings can be discontinued gradually. जेरै सासे खुदियाया कापनिफ्राय गोबां गाइखेर लोंनो सोलोङो, बथल आरो आहार जाहोनायफोरखौ लासैनो बन्द’ खालामलांनो हागोन। At this stage, a finger food is anything soft that holds together long enough for baby to get it from plate to mouth. बे बायदि बैसोयाव, मोनसे आसि आदारा खुदियानि थाखाय बेखौ थोरसिनिफ्राय खुगासिम मोन्नो हानाय जायखिव जाया गुरै बेसाद जाय जयै हमथुमनो थोजासे गोलाव। Babies accept room temperature and cold food, so warming is not really necessary. खुदियाया खथानि थेमफारेसार आरो गुसु आदार जानो हायो, बिनिखायनो फुदुंनाया थारैनो गोनांथि गैया। Babies and parents who are satisfied with breast milk or commercial formula may continue to use either one until 12 months. खुदिया आरो बिमा-बिफाफोर, जाय आहार गाइखेर एबा फालांगियारि खान्थिजों गोजोनो, 12 दान सिम जायखि जाया मोनसेखौ बाहाय लांबाय थानो हागोन। Babies are generally weaned by the end of the first year. खुदियाफोरा सारासनस्रायै गिबि बोसोरनि जोबनायाव आहार जानायखौ गारहोजायो। Based on a 1990 study, IOM now recommends a weight gain of 25 to 35 pounds during a normal pregnancy to decrease this risk. 1990 नायबिजिरनाय सायाव सोनारनानै, आथिखालाव IOMआ सारासनस्रा गोरबोयाव थानाय समाव बे बिबानखौ खमायनो 25 निफ्राय 35 पाउण्डसिमनि एसे अजन बारायनायाव बोसोनफोर होयो। Beets and spinach have high concentrations of naturally-occurring nitrates that can reduce the ability of the baby's haemoglobin to transport oxygen. बिटस आरो स्पिनेसहा सारासनस्रायै मोन्नाय नाइथ्रेतफोरनि गोबां बिबां दं जाय खुदियानि हेमग्लबिनखौ अकसिजेन होनो हानाय गोहोखौ खमायो। Beets and spinach should be used in moderation or not at all until the baby reaches his first birthday. बिटस आरो स्पिनेसखौ खमैनो गाहामै बाहायनांगौ एबा बाहायथारनाङा जेब्लासिम खुदियाया गावनि गिबि जोनोमसानसिम सौहैया। Besides, babies need calories for growth and development. लोगोसे, खुदियाया देरनो आरो जौगानो थाखाय केलरिस नांगौ। Breast-feeding helps to deplete the fat deposited during pregnancy. आहार-जाहोनाया गोरबोयाव थानाय समाव जमा जानाय मेजेमखौ खमायनो हेफाजाब होयो। By 10 months your baby is probably eating and enjoying a variety of cereals, vegetables, and fruits. 10 दानपोरसिम नोंनि खुदियाया जाहैगोन जानांगौ आरो रोखोम रोखोम सेरियेलफोर, मैगं थायगंफोर, आरो फिथाइफोर। By the age of 1 year a baby should be eating a variety of foods and drinking only about 2 cups of milk a day. से बोसोरसिम सासे खुदियाया रोखोम रोखोमनि आदार जाहैगोन आरो सानसेयाव फ्राय 2 कापल’ लोंगोन। Care must be taken when using a microwave oven to heat baby food. खुदियानि आदार फुदुंनो जेब्ला मोनसे माइक्रऐभ अवेन बाहायनायाव जोथोन लाथारनांगोन। Changes in nutritional needs in pregnancy appear to be related to the body's adaptation to pregnancy because the changes occur too early to be responding solely to fetal needs. गोरबोयाव थानायाव नीउथ्रिसनेल गोनांथियाव सोलाय सोल’ जानाया गोरबोयाव थानायनि देहाफोरनि गोरोबनायजों सोमोन्दो गोनां नुजादों मानोना सोलाय सोल’ जानाया फिसाख’ नांनायफोरनो हारसिङै होजोबनो जोबोद सिगां नुजादों। Cheese and yoghurt in small amounts may be added to the diet now. आथिखालाव, चिस आरो इयगहार्था, एसेल बिबांफेराव आदारजों होफादेरजानो हासिगोन। Child Health Insurance Program provides free health insurance to children. गथ’ देहास्रि इनसुरेन्स हाबाफारिया गथनो बेसेन गैयै देहास्रि इनसुरेन्स जगायो। Child Nutrition Programs provide access to nutrition information and free and low-cost food. खुदिया नीथ्रिसन आफादफेरा नीउथ्रिसन फोरमायथि आरो बेसेन गैयै आरो गाहाय-बेसेन आदारनि राहा जगायो। Child welfare agency for each state can help with pregnancy, parenting, and foster care. मोनफ्रामबो हादरनि थाखाय खुदिया गाहामथि गमसताया गोरबोयाव थानाय, बिमायारि, आरो जोथोन लानायजोङाव सहायो। Chronic production of ketones can result in a mentally retarded child. खिथनफेरनि क्रनिख दिहुनथायारिया सासे गोसोयारि रिथारदेथ गथयाव जाहैनो हायो। Cold fruit mixtures (pureed canned or soft fruit) are very refreshing to baby's gums during teething. गुसु फिथाइ गलायनाय(गोथार खालामजानाय थेमा आरो गुरै फिथाइ) फोरा गथफोरनि गिबि हाथाय ओंखारनाय समाव हाथाय मोदोमनि थाखाय जोबोद गोजोनथाव। Cow's milk should not be used for babies until after 12 months. 12 दानफोरनि उनाव खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय मोसौनि गाइखेरखौ बाहाय नाङा। Department of Education can provide you with information about school nutrition and pregnancy programs. सोलोंथायनि बिफाना फरायसालि नीथ्रिसन आरो गोरबोयाव थानाय हाबाफारिफोरनि सोमोन्दै फोरमायथिनायजों नोंनो जगायनो हायो। Department of Health can provide nutrition information and help as well as help with pregnancy and post-pregnancy concerns. देहास्रिनि बिफाना नीउथ्रिसन फोरमायथिनो आरो हेफाजाब जगायनो हायो लोगोसे गोरबोयाव थानाय आरो गोरबोयाव थानायनि सिगांनि सांग्रांथिफोरजों हेफाजाब होयो। Diabetic women should be closely monitored to make sure their blood sugar values are at or near normal. दाइबेथिक आयजोया बिसोरनि ब्लाद सुगार बिबांफोरा सेराव एबा गेजेर खाथियाव दं रोखा खालामनो खाथियै आनजाद नायजानांगोन। During pregnancy, fat deposits may increase by more than a third the total amount a woman had before she became pregnant. गोरबोयाव थानाय समाव, सासे आयजोया गोरबोयाव थानायनि सिगां जेसेबां दंमोन, मेजेम जमा जानाया गासै बिबांनि थामथिनिफ्राय बांसिन बारायनो हायो। Even baking may not destroy the spores that occur in honey. एमनखि सावफ्रामनायाबो बेरेमोदैयाव गाजा आंखारनायखौ फोजोबस्रांनो हाया। Every U.S. state has government programs that can provide you with information about, and access to, free or low-cost medical care and food. मोनफ्रोमबो इउ.एस. हादोरहा सोरखारि हाबाफारि दं जाय बेसेनगैयै एबा गाहाय-खरस मेदिखेल जोथोन आरो आदारनि सायाव फोरमायथिनायजों आरो बेयाव हाबहैनो नोंनो जगायो। Food Stamp Program helps persons with low-incomes to obtain food. आदार आखुथाय हाबाफारिया सुबुंफोर खम-आरजिग्रानो आदार बुथुमनायाव हेफाजाब होयो। Further, sodium deprivation may be harmful to the fetus. बेनि आनगाय, फिसाख’नो सडियाम होयैया खहा गोनां जानो हागौ। Government Benefit Programs website can help you find government programs for which you and your child qualify. सरखारि मुलामफा हाबाफारिफोरनि अऐबसाय्थआ सोरखारि हाबाफारिफोरखौ नागिरनो नोंखौ हेफाजाब होनो हायो जायनि थाखाय नों आरो नोंनि गथ’या देरहायो। Honey is not recommended for infants under the age of 12 months because it may carry botulism spores. बेरेमोदैया 12 दाननि बैसो सिंनि खुदियाफोरनो होजाथाव नङा मानोना बेयाव बथुलिजोम गाजा थानो हागौ। However, the IOM panel found insufficient evidence to recommend that all women take supplements containing folate, which can be found in liver, kidneys, leafy green vegetables, and dried beans and peas. जायखिजाया, IOM आफादा बोसोन होनो थोजासे नङै फोरमान मोनबायदि गासै आयजोया पलेट थाफादेरनाय लायो, जाया बिखा, गिला, बिलाइ गोथां मैगं थाइगं, गरसि आरो मटर गोरानफोराव मोन्नो हायो। However, there is not universal agreement on the necessity of folate supplements for all pregnant women. जायखिजाया, गासै गोरबोयाव थानाय आयजो फोरनो पलेट थाफादेरनायनि गोनांथिनि थाखाय बैयाव दुलाराय रादाय गैया। If a woman's calorie intake is restricted in pregnancy, she may not get enough protein, vitamins and minerals to adequately nourish her unborn child. सासे आयजोनि केलरि बांनाया गोरबोयाव थानाय समाव सिमागोनांब्ला, बियो गावनि जोनोम जायै खुदियानो थोजासेयै जाहोनो प्रतिन, भिथामिन आरो मिनेरेलफोर थोजासे मोनाबो जानोहागौ। If they take the place of nutritious foods and beverages, they can be harmful. बिसोर नीउथ्रिसियास आदार आरो लोंग्रा मुवानि जायगा लायोब्ला, बिसोर खहा गोनां जानो हागौ। If you do warm in a microwave oven, use extreme caution, and stir the food well before feeding baby to ensure the food is at an even temperature. माइक्रअएब अबेनयाव नों दुंबुर खालामोब्लाबो, जोबोद सांग्रांथि बाहाय, आरो खुदियाखौ जाहोनायनि सिगां आदारा समान तेमपारेसाराव दं रोखा खालामनो आदारखौ मोजाङै सोमाव। In certain studies, the vitamin folic acid has been shown to be important in preventing neural tube defects , such as spina bifida. नंगुबै बिजिरनायाव, भितामिन फलिक एचिदआ नीउरेल नोलि हेंथा गोनांफोर होबथानायाव गोनां होन्ना दिन्थिजाबाय, जेरैहाय स्पिना बिफिदा। Iron is needed in larger doses, especially in the later stages of pregnancy, and cannot be met by diet alone, according to the National Research Council. जुनियायै गोरबोयाव थानायनि उन थाखोफोराव, हादोरारि नायबिजिरनाय आफादनि बादिब्ला आइरना गोबां मुलै बिबाङावनो नांगौ, आरो खाजाजों हारसिङै मोन्नो हाया। Low-calorie intake can result in a breakdown of stored fat in the mother, leading to the production of substances called ketones in her blood and urine. बिमानियाव मेजेम थानाया खम-केलरि जानायाव रानलांनाय सोमजिनो हागौ, किटन होन्नाय मुवाफोर बिनि थै आरो हासुदैयाव दैदेन्नानै सोमजिहोयो। Medicaid in each state can help you with answers about free services offered to you and your child. मोनफ्रामबो हादोराव मेदिकेएदा नोंनो आरो नोंनि बेसेन गैयै हेफाजाबनि सायाव फिन्नायजों नोंखौ हेफाजाब होनो हायो। Microwaves can heat a food unevenly, forming hot-spots. माइक्रअएबफोरा आदारखौ समाननङैयै फुदुंनो हायो, गुदुं जायगाफोर महर होनानै। More iron is needed not only because of fetal demands, but also because the mother's blood volume may be increased as much as 30 percent. फिसाख’ बिखनायनि थाखायल’ गोबां आइरनखौ नाङा, नाथाय बिमानि थै बिबां आबो 30 जौखोन्दो बायदियैनो बारायदों जानो हागौ। Most health and child care professionals recommend against using a microwave oven to warm baby food. बांसिन देहास्रि आरो खुदिया जोथोनगिरि आखा फाखाया खुदियानि आदारखौ फुदुंनो माइक्रअएब अबेन बाहायनायाव हेंथायै बोसोन होदों। Most physicians agree that RDAs, except those for iron, can be obtained through a proper diet. बांसिन बेराम फाहामगिरिया मानियोदि RDAsया, जाय आइरनखौ गारनानै, मोनसे थि खाजानि गेजेरजों मोन्नो हायो। Most women lose this extra weight in the birth process or within several weeks thereafter. जोनाम हानाय फारिखान्थियाव एबा गोबां गेजेर हबथानि उननिफ्राय बांसिन आयजोया Not all honey contains botulism spores, but because babies do not need honey, there is no reason to take the risk. गासैबो बेरेमोदैयाव बथुलिजोम गाजा थानो हाया, नाथाय मानोना खुदियाफोरनो बेरेमोदै नाङा, बेयाव बिबान लानायनि जाहोन गैया। NutraSweet(TM) is considered safe in moderate amounts for children and adults, but safety for babies is not yet fully established. नीउथ्रा गोदै(TM)या गथ’ आरो बैसोगोराफोरनो गेजेर बिबाङाव खैफोद गैयै मानि जायो, नाथाय खुदियाफोरनो दाबोनो फुरायै खैफोद गैयै मानिजायाखै। Obstetricians will continue to make the decision to recommend supplements based on individual requirements and will not recommend multivitamin supplements without a specific medical reason. Obstetriciansआ सुबुंनि गोनांथि थिनानै होफादेरनाय बोसोनखौ अरायबो थिरांथा लालांबाय थागोन आरो मोनसे थि मेदिखेल जाहोन गैयाब्ला मालथि भितामिन होदेरनायाव बोसोन होनाय नङा। Often, nutritional supplements are provided for pregnant women, but according to a June 1990 report released by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) studies found these supplements to be of little or no value. सम सम, नीउथ्रिसनेल होफादेरनायफोरा गोरबोयाव थानाय आयजोनि थाखाय जगायनाय, नाथाय मेदिसिननि आफाद(IOM) बिजिरनायजों जुन 1990 बिजिरथि मिथिहोनाय बादिब्ला मोनबायदि बे होफादेरनायफोरा एसेनिल’ एबा गोनां नङा। Once your baby begins to be able to take hold of things, you may offer finger foods that will help develop co-ordination. खेबसे नोंनि खुदियाया मुवाफोर हमना लानो हानाय जाजेनबानो, नों आसिजों आदार जाहोनो हागोन जाया गोरोबनाय जौगानो हेफाजाब होगोन। One spoonful of the food may be cold, yet the next spoonful could burn the baby's mouth. गंसे सामुससे आदारा गुसु जानोबो हागौ, उननि सामुससेया थेवबो खुदियानि खुगाखौ खामहोनो हागौ। Other No-No foods for babies include desserts, carbonated beverages, caffeine-containing beverages, and candy. खुदियाफोरा नाङा-नाङा बुंनाय गुबुन आदारफोरा देजार्थफोर, कारबनेतेथ लोंग्रा मुवाफोर, केफेएन गोनां लोंग्रा मुवाफोर, आरो खेनदि। Powered soft drink mixes sweetened with sugar or NutraSweet(TM) are not good for babies. चिनि एबा नीउथ्रा गोदै(TM)जों गोदै खालामजानाय गोहो गोनां सफ्थ द्रिन्ख गलायमोनदेरफोरा खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय मोजां नङा। Pregnancy doubles a woman's need for folate (folic acid or folacin). गोरबोयाव थानाया सासे आयजोनि फलेत(फलिक एचिद एबा फलेसिन) नांनायखौ फान्नै बारायो। Pregnant women require different amounts of iron, folic acid, sodium, and sugar intake. गोरबोयाव थानाय आयजोया गुबुन गुबुन बिबांनि आइरन, फलिक एचिद, सदियाम, आरो गोदै जानो गोनां। Raw Eggs and Raw Milk are not appropriate for babies. दावदै गोथां आरो गाइखेर गोथांफोरा खुदियाफोरखौ आरजाथाव नङा। Raw Eggs and Raw Milk may be sources of infections that can be dangerous to infants. दावदै गोथां आरो गाइखेर गोथाङा सनदेरनायनि गुदि जाथावना जाय खुदियाफोरनो खैफोद गोनां जानो हागौ। Rusks make a good finger food when baby starts teething. जेब्ला खुदियाना हाथाय ओंखारनो हमजेनो, रोस्का मोनसे गाहाम आसि आदार जायो। Studies have since shown that underweight women, or those who gain fewer than 20 pounds during pregnancy, are at an increased risk of delivering low-birth-weight babies. बेसमनिफ्राइनो बिजिरनाया दिन्थिबायदि अजन खम आयजो, एबा जायफोरा गोरबोयाव थानाय समाव 20 पाउन्दनिख्रुइ एसे बारायो, गाहाय-जोनाम-अजन खुदिया जानोम जानायनि गोबां बिबानफोराव दं। Such changes are partly due to the nourishment demands of the fetus and partly to other physiological variations that affect absorption and metabolism of nutrients. बेफोर सोलाय सोल’फोरा फिसाख’नि नंजोबै नरिसमेन्थ बिखनायफोरनि थाखाय आरो नंजोबै गुबुन फिजियलजिखोल हेर फेर जानायनि जाय नीथ्रिएन्थनि सोबखांना लानाय आरो मेताबलिजोमखौ सोलाय होयो। Such changes include a reduction of electrolytes, proteins, glucose, vitamin B-12, folate, vitamin B-6, and a rise in lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol in blood. बेबायदि सोलायनाया इलेकथ्रलाइथ, प्रथिन, ग्लुखस, भितामिन B-12, फलेत, भितामिन B-6, आरो लिपिद बारायनाय, थ्रिग्लिसेराइद, आरो थैयाव कलेसथेरल खमायनाय दाजाबदेरो। Sugar is also an occasional concern in pregnancy. गोरबोयाव थानायाव चिनियाबो सम सम मोनसे सान्नायनि बाथ्रा। The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an organization of doctors who specialize in baby and child care. पेदिएथ्रिक(AAP)नि आमेरिखान आरिमुया मोनसे देहाफाहामगिरिनि आफाद जाय खुदिया आरो गथ’ जोथोनाव आखा फाखा। The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends 3 to 4 pounds in the first three months and 3 to 4 pounds per month during the rest of the pregnancy. Obstetriciansनि आमेरिखान फरायसालिमा आरो गायनेखलजिस्थया 3निफ्राय 4 पाउन्दसिम गिबि थाम दानाव बोसोन होदों आरो 3निफ्राय 4 पाउन्दसिम दानमोनफ्रामबो गोरबोयाव थानाय उननि समाव। The consequences of maternal malnourishment may include health problems for the mother and an infant of low birth weight who may have nutritional and other deficiencies. बिमाआरि मेल नरिसमेन्थनि फिथाइया, जायहा नीउथ्रिसनेल आरो गुबुन आंखालथिफोर थाथाव, बिमानि थाखाय देहास्रि जिंगा आरो गाहाय जोनोम अजननि खुदिया होफादेरनो हागौ। The digestive system of children and adults can destroy these harmful spores but a baby cannot. गथ’नि आरो बैसोगोरानि हजम खालामग्रा आदबा बे खहा खालामग्रा गाजाखौ फोजोबस्रांनो हायो नाथाय सासे खुदियाया हाया। The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences specifies certain increases in the Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for pregnant and lactating women. गोनोखोनि हादोरारि आरिमुनि आदार आरो नीउथ्रिसनेल आपादा रिखमेनदेद देएलि दायथेरि एलऐनसेस(RDAs) गोरबोयाव थानाय आरो आहार हानाय आयजोफोरनो नंगुबै बारायनाय सिनायथि होदों। The most important contribution meat can make to a baby's diet is iron. बेदरा, बांसिन गोनां बिहोमा सासे खुदियानि आदाराव होनो हानायानो आइरन। The National Academy of Sciences recommends that pregnant women eat an average of 150 calories more per day in the first trimester and 350 calories more per day in the two subsequent trimesters than they did before becoming pregnant. गोनोखोनि हादोरारि आरिमुया बोसोन होयो दि गोरबोयाव थानाय आयजोया गिबि थाम दानाव सानसेयाव 150 केलरिनि बांसिन आरो गोरबोयाव थानायनि सिगां बिसोर जेसेबां जायोमोन, थाम दाननि मोन्नै उनाव सानसेयाव 350 केलरि बांसिन जायो। The need for folic acid is essential to the formation of red blood cells. फलिक एचिदफोरनि गोनांथिआ गोजा थै चेलनि दानाय फोरसे गोनांथार। The production of ketones is a sign of starvation of a starvation-like state. किथनफोरनि फिथाइया रसानांनायनि रसानांनाय बायदि थासारिनि लैखोन। The recommended increase in weight gain does not give a green light for mothers-to-be to overeat. अजन बारायनायाव बोसोन होनाय बांनाया बिमाफोरखौ बारा जानायनि थाखाय green light होयाखै। The sodium intake usually recommended in pregnancy is 2,000 to 8,000 milligrams a day, compared to the normally recommended 1,100 to 3,300 milligrams per day. गोरबोयाव थानाय समाव सानफायाव 1100 निफ्राय 3300 मिलिग्रामसिम सडियाम लानायखौ नेमबादियै गनायथिनायनि रुजुनायाव सानफायाव 2000निफ्राय 8000 मिलिग्रामसिमखौ सारासनस्रायै गनायनाय जायो। The spores may remain active in the stomach and produce their deadly toxin. गाजाया उदैयाव नांथाबना थानो हागौ आरो बिसोरनि गिलु बालु बिस सोमजि होनो हागौ। The use of breast milk or commercial formula until 12 months is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. पेदिएथ्रिकनि आमेरिखान आरिमुजों, आबु गाइखेर एबा फालांगियारि खान्थिनि गोनांआ 12 दानसिम बोसोन होजानाय। The woman who nurses her baby also has increased needs for specific nutrients. आयजोहाबो, जाय गावनि खुदियाखौ आबाद खालामो, थि नीउथ्रिएन्थनि थाखाय नांनायफोरा बांलांबाय। There are numerous changes in nutritional needs for a pregnant woman. सासे गोरबोयाव थानाय आयजोनि थाखाय बैहाय नीउथ्रिसननि गोनांथिनि गोबां सोलाय सोल’ जायो। There is considerable medical opinion that pregnancy is a "salt-wasting" condition, that is, one in which the body can use more salt than usual. बेवहाय देहाफाहामसालिनि गनायजाथाव बिबुंथि दंदि गोरबोयाव थानाया मोनसे "salt-wasting" थासारि, जेराव मोनसे देहाया सरासनस्रानिख्रुय गोबां संख्रि बाहायनो हायो। These changes help insure normal development of the baby and fill the subsequent demands of lactation, or nursing (breastfeeding). बेफोर सोलायनायफोरा खुदियानि सरासनस्रा देरनायखौ रैखा होनो हेफाजाब होयो आरो उननि गाइखेर दौनाय एबा जोथोननि (आहार दौनाय) गोनांथिखौ आबुं खालामो। Thirty years ago, the National Research Council's Food and Nutrition Board advised women to gain 20 to 25 pounds during pregnancy. थामजि बोसोरनि सिगां, हादोरारि नायबिजिर आफादनि आदार आरो नीउथ्रसन आफादआ आयजोफोरखौ गोरबोयाव थानाय समाव 20 निफ्राय 25 पाउन्दसिम बांहोनो बोसोन होदों। This is because egg whites often cause allergic reactions if introduced too early. मानोना दावदैनि गुफुरफोरा जेब्ला जोबोद सिगांनिफ्रायनो जाहोयोबो बियो इखनब्ला मानलुनाय फिनजाथाय जाहोयो। This mineral is essential to the formation of healthy red blood cells, and it is difficult for a woman to consume enough of it from foods to maintain an adequate supply for herself and her fetus. बे खनियारि-बेसादा गुफुं गोजा थैसेरेब दानायाव गोनांथार, आरो सासे हिनजावनि थाखाय बेखौ आदारनिफ्राय थोजासे जानानै गाव आरो गावनि फिसाखनो थोजासे जगायनो गोब्राब जायो। Until the age of six months, babies need either breast milk or commercial formula as their main source of nutrients even though babies will begin to eat other foods. ड’ दाननि बैसो जायागौमानि गावसोरनि आदारनि गुबै फुंखा बायदियै खुदियाफोरनो आहार गाइखेर एबा फालांगियारि खानथि नांगौ जुदिबो खुदियाफोरा गुबुन आदारफोरखौ जानो जागायो। Virtually all women excrete more glucose (a form of sugar) in their urine when they are pregnant. फ्रायै साफ्रामबो हिनजावानो गावसोरनि हासुदैजों गोबां ग्लुखस गहोयो जेब्ला बिसोर गोरबोयाव थायो। We know that the health of your child is of the utmost importance to you and so we have provided the following information and links to help insure that your child gets the best possible medical care. जों मिथिगौदि नोंनि खुदियानि देहाया नोंनि थाखाय बांसिन गोनांथिसिन आरो बिनिखायनो जों गाहायनि खौरां आरो सुंजाबथायफोरखौ नोंनि खुदियाया जाबसिन जाथावगौ देहाफाहामसालि जोथोन मोननायनि रैखायाव हेफाजाब होनो जगायदों। Weight gain during pregnancy should be gradual. गोरबोआव थानाय समाव अजन बारायनाया लासै लासै जानांगौ। Weight gain should be at its lowest during the first trimester, and should steadily increase, with the mother-to-be gaining the most weight in her third trimester, when the fetus and placenta are growing the most. गिबि थामदानाव अजन बांनाया बिनि खमसिन जानांगौ आरो लासै लासै बारायलांनांगौ, जेब्ला फिसाख’ आरो प्लेचेनताफोरा गोबारै जौगायो। While research continues, the IOM recommends supplements only for pregnant women who are smokers, drug users, alcohol drinkers, or strict vegetarians. जेब्ला नायबिजिरनाया सोलिबाय थालाङो, IOMआ गोरबोयाव थानाय हिनजावफोरनो होफादेरनायफोरखौ बिथोन होयो जायफोरा थांखु सोबग्रा, निचा लाग्राफोर, जौ लोंग्राफोर, एबा गरा ना-बेदर जायै मानसिपोर। WIC provides free food, nutrition counseling, and referrals at no charge. WICआ बेसेन गैयै आदार, नीउथ्रिसननि बोसोन, आरो बोसोन होनायफोराव बेसेन गैयै जगायो। Without enough iron, the fetus will draw its supply from the mother, often leaving her anemic and exhausted. थोजासे आइरन गैयाब्ला, फिसाखया बिनि जगायथिखौ बिमानिफ्राय लायो, एखनब्ला बिखौ एनेमिक आरो लोरबाङाव खोखलैनानै। A point, however, which has not been sufficiently emphasized is that for a given deficit the risk is much greater for younger children. अब्लाबो, थोजासे गाहाम खोख्लैजायै मोनसे बाथ्राया जादों दि मोनसे होखाजानाय आंखालनि थाखाय खैफोदा उन्दै गथफोरनि थाखाय जोबोर बारासिन। About 60 per cent of births in the developing world are attended by skilled health personnel. जौगालु बुहुमाव जोनोमनि फ्राय 60 जौखोनदोया आखाफाखा देहा बिबानगिरिफोरजों नायजादोंमोन। About 69 percent of children with suspected pneumonia are taken to a health facility and 13 percent are treated with antibiotics. सनदेखालामजानाय निमिउनिया बेरामगोनां गथ’फोरनि फ्राय 69 जौखोनदोया देहा फाहामसालियाव लांजायो आरो 13 जौखोनदोया एनतिबाइयतिकजों फाहामजायो। About 75 per cent of under five deaths in India are infant deaths and about half of U5 children die within four weeks of their birth. भारताव बाबोसोर बैसो सिङाव थैथायफोरनि फ्राय 75 जौखोनदोयानो खुदिया थैथायफोर आरो इउ5 गथ’फोरनि फ्राय खावसेया बिसोरनि जोनोमनि ब्रै दाननि गेजेरावनो थैयो। About one-third of underweight children under age five in the world live in India. बुहुमनि बा बोसोर बैसो सिङाव खम लिरथायगोनां गथ’फोरनि फ्राय थामनि सेबाहागोयानो भारताव दं। Although India has made progress in the reduction of child mortality, the average annual rate of reduction in U5 mortality between 1990 and 2006 has been 2.6 per cent. जुदिबो भारता गथ’ थैथायनि खमिनायाव आगानसुरनो हाबाय, 1990 आरो 2006नि गेजेराव इउ5 थैथायाव खमिनायनि बोसोरारि हारा 2.6 जौखोनदो जादों। An estimated 21 thousand children are infected each year through mother to child transmission. बोसोरफ्रोमबो हमनालाजानाय 21 रोजा गथ’फोरा बिमानिफ्राय गथ’निसिम बारस्लायनायनि गेजेरजों सनदेरजायो। An estimated 70 thousand children below age 15 are infected with HIV. 15 बैसो सिङाव हमानालाजानाय 70 रोजा गथ’फोरा एद्स.आइ.भि जों सनदेरजायो। Approximately 61 percent of men and women used condoms during high risk sexual activity. फ्राय 61 जौखोनदो हौवा आरो हिनजावफोरा बांसिन खैफोदगोनां आथोनारि खामानि समाव कनदम बाहायदोंमोन। Around 2 million children under five die from the disease every year – around one in every five children globally. बोसोरफ्रोमबो बाबोसोर सिङाव फ्राय 2 मिलियन गथ’फोरा बे बेरामनिफ्राय थैयो-भुमनाङै मोनफ्रोम साबायाव फ्राय सासे। Around 51 million children born in 2006 have not been registered, of which about 9 million are in India. 2006याव जोनोमजानाय फ्राय 51 मिलियन गथ’फोरानो रेजिसतारखालामजायाखै, जायनि फ्राय 9 मिलियना भारताव दं। Average annual rate of decline since 1990 has been 0.9 per cent – accelerated progress is needed to meet the MDG target. 1990निफ्राय खमिनायनि बोसोरारि गर हरा 0.9 जौखोनदो जानानै दं- एम.दि.जि थांखिखौ सुफुंनो गोख्रैथिगोनां नाजाथिनाया गोनांथि। Between 1990 and 2004, South Asia and India more than doubled their coverage in improved sanitation. 1990 आरो 2004नि गेजेराव, खोला एसिया आरे भारता जौगालुगोनां सेनितेसोनाव बिसोरनि खोबथायखौ नैगुनखालामदोंमोन। But with only 225 cases of polio reported in 2003, India is well on its way to interrupting transmission and eradicating the disease. नाथाय पलिअनि 225 जाथायफोराल’ 2003याव फोरमानथिजादोंमोन, भारता बारस्लायनायखौ होबथानो आरो बेरामखौ बोखारनो गावनि लामायाव मोजां। Children in India continue to lose their life to vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles, which remains the biggest killer. भेकसिननि थाखाय भारताव गथ’फोरा गावसोरनि जिवखौ खोमानांगासिनो- होबथाथाव बेरामफोर जेरैबादि लोनथि-बेरनाय, जाय गिदिरसिन बुथारग्रा जानानै दं। Considering that 6-10 is the primary school age in India, 84 per cent of children are attending school. भारताव 6-10 आ गुदि फरायसालि बैसो गनायथिनानै, 84 जौखोनदो गथ’फोरा फरायसालियाव थांगासिनो। Despite health improvements over the last thirty years, lives continue to be lost to early childhood diseases, inadequate newborn care and childbirth-related causes. थांनाय थामजि बोसोरफोराव देहा जौगासेयावबो, आगु गथ’ बेरामफोर, थोजासेनङै उजिगोदान जोथोन आरो गथ’जोनोम सोमोनदोगोनां जाहोनफोरनि थाखाय जिवफोरा गोमाजानांगौगासिनो दं। Each year, around 4 million children die within the first 28 days of life – the newborn (neo-natal) period. बोसोरमोनफ्रोमबो, फ्राय 4 मिलियन गथ’फोरा जिउनि गिबि 28 सानफोरनि गेजेराव थैयो- उजिगोदान सम(निउ-नेतेल)। Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life has the potential to avert 13 per cent of all under-five deaths in developing countries. जिउनि गिबि द दानफोरनि थाखाय आबुजाहोनायाल’ जौगालु हादोरफोराव बा बैसोसिङाव गासै थैनायफोरनि 13 जौखोनदोखौ होबथानो हानाय गोहो दं। Existing studies show that over 40 per cent of women sex workers enter into prostitution before the age of 18 years. सोलिबायथानाय नायबिजिरथिफोरा दिनथियो दि 40 जौखोनदोनिख्रुइ बांसिन आयजो आथोन मावथिफोरा 18 बोसोर बैसो सिगां देहाफालांगियाव हाबो। Globally 158 million children age 5-14 are engaged in labour. भुमनाङै 158 मिलियन 5-14 बैसो गथ’फोरा मुजदुरियाव मुखुबजायो। Globally diarrhoea is the second largest killer and accounts for approximately 2 million deaths among children under five. भुमनाङै खिसावनाया नैथि देरसिन बुथारग्रा आरो बा बोसोर सिं गथ’फोरनि गेजेराव फ्राय 2 मिलियन थैथायफोर हिसाबखालामो। Globally the gender parity index of 1.0 for primary school attendance ratio is likely to be achieved. बुहुमनांयै गुदि फरायसालि नुजाथिनायनि थाखाय 1.0नि आथोन रोखोमसे दिनथिनाय रुजुथाय मावफुंनो हाथाव। Globally the number of children out of school has declined significantly – from 115 million in 2002 to 93 million in 2005-06. भुमनाङै फरायसालिनि बायजोयाव थानाय गथ’फोरनि अनजिमाया ओंथिगोनाङै खमिबाय-2002याव 115 मिलियननिफ्राय 2005-2006याव 93 मिलियनसिम। Globally the world is on track to meet the MDG on safe drinking water. भुमनाङै रैखाथि लोंनाय दैयाव एम.दि.जिखौ सुफुंनो बुहुमा लामायाव दं। Globally, 33.2 million people (2.4 million children) are living with HIV. भुमनाङै, 32.2 मिलियन सुबुंफोरा (2.4 मिलियन गथ’फोर) एद्स.आइ.भिजों थांनानैथागासिनो दं। Hemorrhage accounts for about 38 per cent of total maternal deaths in India. हेम’रेजा भारताव गासै बिमायारि थैनायफोरनि फ्राय 38 जौखोनदोखौ हिसाबखालामो। However parity in secondary education is still a challenge - for 100 boys in secondary school, there are only 80 girls in school. अब्लाबो गोजौसिन सोलोंथायाव रोखोमसेआ गोजौसिन फरायसालिआव 100 हौवासाफोरनि थाखाय दासिमबो जुजिनांनाय, फरायसालिआव 80 ल हिंजावसाफोर दं। However, the proportion of children who receive vaccination against measles has dropped considerably, from 72% in 1995 to a low of 50% in 1999. It now stands at 61%. नाथाय लोनथि-बेरनाय हेंथायै भेकसिन आजावनाय गथ’फोरनि बिबाङा गनायथावनायै खमिबाय, 1995नि 72%निफ्राय 1999याव 50%खमसिम। दा बेयो 62%याव दं। If India is to reach the MDG Goal of 38 by 2015, the average annual rate of reduction in the next nine years has to be about 7.6 per cent. भारता 38 नि एम.दि.जि थांखिखौ 2015याव सहैनांगौब्ला, फैगौ गु बोसोराव खमायनायनि गर बोसोरारि हारा फ्राय 7.6 जौखोनदो जाहैनांगोन। In 2004, 2.4 billion persons globally did not use sanitation facilities. 2004 याव, भुमनाङै 2.4 बिलियन सुबुंफोरा खिखरसालि खाबुफोर बाहायाखैमोन। In 2005-06 in India, 39 percent of children suffering from diarrhoea received ORT (Oral Rehydration Therapy). भारताव 2005-06 याव, खिसावनायाव भुगिनाय 39 जौखोनदो गथ’फोरा अ.आर.टि (अरेल रिहाइद्रेसन थेरापि) आजावदोंमोन। In 2006, for the first time, the number of children in the world dying before their fifth birthday fell below 10 million, to 9.7 million. 2006याव गिबि खेबनि थाखाय बुहुमाव बिसोरनि बाथि जोनोमसाननि सिगां थैनाय गथ’फोरनि अनजिमाया 10 मिलियनिफ्राय 9.7 मिलियनसिम खम जाहैदोंमोन। In addition, only 15 per cent of mothers receive complete antenatal care and only 58 per cent receive iron or folate tablets or syrup. लोगोसे, बिमाफोरनि 15 जौखोनदोआल’ आबुं जोनोमयारि जोथोन आजावो आरो 58 जौखोनदोआल’ आइरन एबा फलेत तेबलेतफोर एबा सिराप आजावो। In India 23 per cent of children are initiated with breastfeeding within one hour of birth. गथ’फोरनि 23 जौखोनदोया जोनोमनि से घनतानि गेजेराव आबुजाहोनायजों जागायजायो। In India 46 per cent of children are exclusively breastfed vs. 38 per cent in the developing world and 45 per cent in South Asia. भरताव जौगालु बुहुमनि 38 जौखोनदो आरो खोला एसियानि 45 जौखोनदोनि रुजुनायाव गथ’फोरनि 46 जौखोनदोया जरखायै आबुजाहोजायो। In India in 2005-06 an estimated 22 million women aged 20-24 years reported they were married before the age of 18. भारताव 2005-06याव 20-24 बोसोर बैसोनि हमनालाजानाय 22 मिलियन आयजोफोरा फोरमानथिदोंमोन बिसोर 18 बैसोनि सिगां हाबाजादोंमोन। In India the underweight prevalence rate is 43 per cent. भारताव खमलिरथाय गोसारथि हारा 43 जौखोनदो। In India, 23.8 percent women and 32.6 percent men displayed comprehensive knowledge about HIV / AIDS. भारताव, 23.8 जौखोनदो आयजो आरो 32.6 जैखोनदो बौवाफोरा एद्स.आइ.भि/ए.आइ.दि.एस सोमोनदै गुवार गियान दिनथिदोंमोन। In India, children’s vulnerabilities and exposure to violations of their protection rights remain spread and multiple in nature. भारताव, गथ’फोरनि गागलोबजाथावथि आरो बिसोरनि रैखाथि मोनथायफोरनि सिफायथिफोर नुजाथिनाया गोसारनानै आरो आखुयाव गोबां जानानै दं। In India, the percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel stood at 47 per cent. भारताव रोंगुनगोनां देहा मावथिजों नायजानाय जोनोमफोरनि जौखोनदोया 47 जौखोनदोयाव दंमोन। In India, there is an improvement in measles immunization coverage - however it is still below 60 per cent. भारताव लोनथि-बेरनाय इमिउनाइजेसन सागलोबथियाव मोनसे जैगासारथि दं- नाथाय बेयो दासिम 60 जौखोनदो सिङाव दं। In India, this number is estimated to be about one million, which means a quarter of all neo-natal deaths in the world occur in India. भारताव, बे अनजिमाखौ फ्राय से मिलियन हमनालाजायो, जाय भारताव बुहुमाव सोमजिनाय गासै निउ-नातोल थैथायफोरनि ब्रैनि सेबाहागोखौ फोरमायो। In states like Bihar, Mizoram, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, 60 per cent or more girls dropped out before completing their five years primary education. बिहार, मिजराम, राजसथान रो उत्तर प्रदेस बायदि हादोरसाफोराव 60 जौखोनदो एबा बांसिन हिनजावसाफोरा बिसोरनि बा बोसोर गुदि सोलोंथाय जोबनायनि सिगांनो फरायसिलि नागारो। India accounts for 18 percent of the world’s burden which is approximately 29 million. भारतहा बुहुमनि मावबिबाननि 18 जौखोनदो दं जाय फ्राय 29 मिलियन। India has the largest number of pneumonia deaths. भारतहा निमिउनिया थैथायफोरनि देरसिन अनजिमा दं। India has the largest pool of never immunized children in the world – 9.4 million. Of the 26 million children not immunized with DPT 3 globally, 11.5 million live in India. भारतहा माब्लाबाबो इमिउनाइज होजायै गथ’फोरनि देरसिन बिबां दं- 9.4 मिलियन। भुमनाङै दि.पि.तिजों इमिउनाइज होजायै 26 मिलियन गथ’फोरनि 11.5 मिलियना भारताव थायो। India is on track to achieve parity in primary education - for 100 boys in primary school, there are 96 girls in school. भारता गुदि सोलोंथायाव रोखोमसेखौ मावफुंहानायनि लामायाव दं - गुदि फरायसालि 100 हौवासाफोरनि थाखाय, फरायसालिआव 96 हिनजावसाफोर दं। India therefore contributes to about 21 per cent of the global burden of child deaths. भारता बेनिखायनो गथ’ थैथायफोरनि भुमनां मावबिबाननि फ्राय 21 जौखोनदो अबदानहोयो। India too is on track with 84.5 percent rural and 95 percent urban populations having sustainable access to safe drinking water. भारताबो रैखाथि गोनां लोंनाय दैयाव मोजां खाबु गोनां 84.5 जौखोनदो गामाआरि आरो 95 जौखोनदो सोहोरारि सुबुं-अनजिमाफोरजों लामायाव दं। India’s ratio in 2005 is estimated to be 450 (adjusted UN estimate) and is classified in ‘High’ category. 2005याव भारतनि रुजुथाया 450 जाहैगोनखौ हमनालानाय जादों (गोरोबहोजानाय इउ.एन हमनालानाय) आरो ‘गोजौ’ थाखोयाव बाहागोखालामनाय जादों। Infant mortality in India is as high as 63 deaths per 1,000 live births. भारताव खुदिया थैथाया मोनफ्रोम 1000 जिउ जोनोमफोराव 63 थैथायफोर जानायसेबां जायो। Malnutrition is the underlying cause in up to 50 per cent under-five deaths. मेलनिउत्रिसना बाबैसो सिङाव 50 जौखोनदोसिम थैहोनायनि गोनां जाहोन। Measles is one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable child mortality. लोथिबोरनाया भेकसिन होबथाथाव गथ’ थैथायनि मोनसे गाहाय जाहोन। More than two million children die every year from preventable infections. बोसोरफ्रोमबो नै मिलियन गथ’फोरनिख्रुइ बांसिना होबथाथाव सनदेरथिफोरनिफ्राय थैयो। Moreover, for children who have been trafficked and rescued, opportunities for rehabilitation remain scarce and reintegration process arduous. बेनि अनगायैबो, त्रेफिकखालामजानाय आरो रैखाथिखालामजानाय गथ’फोरनि थाखाय राहाहोफिननायनि खाबुफोरा आंखाल जानानै दं आरो खौसेथिखालामनाय बिखानथिया गोब्राब जानानै दं। Most infant deaths occur in the first month of life; up to 47 per cent in the first week itself. गोबां खुदिया थैनायफोरा जिउनि गिबि दानाव जायो ; 47 जौखोनदोसिम गिबि सफथायावनो जायो। One of the cost effective and feasible interventions to improve the situation includes initiating breastfeeding within one hour of birth. थासारिखौ जौगाहोनो मोनसे जोबोर जाउनगोनां आरो माथाव मावआगाना जोनोमनि से घनतानि गेजेराव आबुजाहोनायखौ जागायजेननायखौ सरजाबो। Out of the 500,000 maternal deaths in the developing world, approximately 23 per cent are in India. जौगालु बुहुमाव 500,000 बिमायारि थैनायफोरनि मादाव फ्राय 23 जौखोनदोआ भारताव दं। Pneumonia kills more children than any other illness – more than AIDS, malaria and measles combined. निउमनिआया गुबुन जायखिजाया लोमजानायनिख्रुइ गोबांसिन गथ’फोर बुथारो- जयै एद्स, मेलेरिया आरो आयफोरनिख्रुइ बांसिन। Prevent newborn deaths through home-based medical visits. नखरारि-सोमोनदोगोनां मेदिकेल दावबायथिफोरनि गेजेरजों उजिगोदान थैनायफोरखौ होबथा। Progress has been incremental from 42 per cent (1998/99). जौगानाया 42 जौखोनदोनिफ्राय बारायलांगासिनो (1998/99)। Proper infant feeding practices are key to child survival. थि खुदिया आदारजाहोनाय हुदाफोरा गथ’ थांनाथानायनि राहालामा। Safe and clean drinking water is essential for child survival. रैखाथिगोनां आरो गोथार लोंनाय दैया गथ’ थांनाथानायनि थाखाय गोनांथि। Skilled attendance at delivery is critical to reducing maternal deaths. जोनोमहोनायाव आखाफाखा नायसंनाया बिमायारि थैनायफोरखौ खमायनायाव गोनां। South Asia contributed to 3.1 million of under five deaths and India, 2.1 million. खोला एसियाया बा बोसोर सिङाव थैनायफोरनि 3.1 मिलियनखौ जाहोदोंमोन आरो भारताव, 2.1 मिलियन। Strengthen existing health systems by increasing the number of health workers. देहा मावथिफोरनि अनजिमाखौ बांहोनानै थाखानाय देहा बिखानथिफोरखौ गोख्रोंखालाम। Tetanus in newborns remains a problem in at least five states: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, West Bengal, and Assam. उजिगोदानफोरनि टिटानासा खमसेखम मोनबा होदोरसाफोराव जेंना जानानै दं: उत्तर प्रदेस, माध्य’ प्रदेस, राजसथान, सोनाब बेंगल, आरो आसाम। The global Maternal Mortality Ratio (2005) is estimated at 400 per 100,000 live births. भुहुमनां बिमायारि थैथाय रुजुथायखौ (2005) मोनफ्रोम 100,000 जिउ जोनोमाव 400 हमनालानाय जादों। The lack of available services, as well as the gaps persisting in law enforcement and in rehabilitation schemes also constitute a major cause of concern. थोजासे आबारोरनि फोरनफोरनि आंखाल लोगोसे आइन गोहो आरो राहाहोफिननाय आसनिफोराव जाफ्लेबायथानाय फारगथिफोराबो साननायनि मोनसे गाहाय जाहोनखौ दायो। The manifestations of these violations are various, ranging from child labour, child trafficking, to commercial sexual exploitation and many other forms of violence and abuse. बेफोर हिंसाफोरनि नेरसोनफोरा गोबां, गथ’ मुजुरि, गथ’ त्रेफिकिंनिफ्राय लानानै फालांगियारि आथोनारि गाज्रिखालामनाय आरो गुबुन गोबां हिंसा आरो सोंखारिनायनि दाथायफोरसिम। The nature and scope of trafficking range from industrial and domestic labour, to forced early marriages and commercial sexual exploitation. त्रेफेकखालामनायनि आखु आरो खाबुया दारिमिनारि आरो नखरारि मुजुरिनिफ्राय लानानै जरजुलुम आगु जुलिफोर आरो फालांगियारि आथोनारि गाज्रिखालामनायसिम गुबुन गुबुन जायो। The NFHS 3 data (2005-06) reveals that 45 percent of households in the country use improved sanitation facilities. एन.एफ.एद्स.एस 3 तथ्यआ फोरमायोदि हादोराव नख’फोरनि 45 जौखोनदोया जौगानाय खिखरखालि खाबुफोर बाहायो। The number of people living with HIV /AIDS in India is estimated to be 2-3.1 million. भारताव एद्स.आइ.भि/ एइद्सजों थांनाथानाय मानसिफोरनि अनजिमाखौ 2-3.1 मिलियन हमनालानाय जादों। The number of polio cases in India declined from 1,934 in 1998 to 268 in 2001. भारताव पलिअ जाथायफोरनि अनजिमाया 1998नि 1,934निफ्राय 2001याव 268 सिम खमिदोंमोन The percentage of children age 6-9 months in the developing world who are given complementary food is 56 per cent - the corresponding figure for India is 57 per cent. जौगालु बुहुमाव उफेरा आदार होजानाय 6-9 दान बैसो गथ’फोरनि जौखोनदोया 56 जौखोनदो- भारतनि थाखाय आरजाथाव दाथाया 57 जौखोनदो। The prevalence of wasting in India is about 20 per cent, requiring urgent response. भारताव गाज्रि जानायनि गोसारथिया फ्राय 20 जौखोनदो, थाब फिनजाथाय गोनांथि। The reasons for this high mortality are that few women have access to skilled birth attendants and fewer still to quality emergency obstetric care. बे बांसिन थैथायफोरनि जाहोनफोरा जादोंदि एसेल’ आयजोफोरहा आखाफाखा जोनोम नायसंगिरिफोरनि आरो खमसिना दाबो गुनगोनां हरखाब अब्सतेत्रिक जोथोननि राहा दं। The states with the highest number of children underweight are Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bihar, followed by Gujarat, Orissa, Chattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Meghalaya. खम लिरथाय गथ’फोरनि बांसिन अनजिमा गोनां हादोरसाफोरा मध्य’ प्रदेस, जारखान्द आरो बिहार, बेनि उनाव दं गुजुरात, अरिससा, सोतिसगोर, उत्तर प्रदेस आरो मेघालया। The under five mortality rate (U5MR) for India in 2006 has been estimated as 76. 2006 आव भारतनि थाखाय बा बैसो सिङाव थैथाय हारखौ 76 बायदियै हमनालानाय जादों। The WFFC target for reducing 50 per cent mortality has been achieved. 50 जौखोनदो थैथायखौ खमायनो थाखाय दाब्लिउ.एफ.एफ.चि थांखिया मावफुंजाबाय। There are 24 developing countries with wasting rates of 10 per cent or more. बैयाव 10 जौखोनदो एबा बांसिन गाज्रिजानाय हारफोर गोनां 24 जौगालु हादोरफोर दं। There has been remarkable progress in measles immunization worldwide particularly in developing countries. बुहुमनाङै लोनथिबेरनाय होबथामुलिहोनायाव बाखनायजाथाव जौगागासिनो दं, जुनियायै जौगाफुनाय हादोरफोराव। There was a setback in 2002 as 1,600 cases were confirmed at the end of the year. 2002 याव मोनसे दुखुनांथाव जाथाय जादोंमोन मानोना 1,600 जाथायफोरखौ बोसोरनि जोबनायाव रोखाखालामनाय जादोंमोन। Timely and appropriate complementary feeding could avert a further six per cent of under-five deaths. सममथे आरो थिक उफेरा आदार जाहोनाया बा-बैसो सिङाव थैनायफोरनि द’जौखोनदोबाव होबथायो। Trafficking of children also continues to be a serious problem in India. गथ’फोर त्रेफिकिं खालामनायाबो भारताव मोनसे गोब्राब जेंना जागासिनो। U5 mortality is usually the result of acute significant food shortage and / or disease. इउ5 थैथाया सरासनस्रायै जोबोर बांसिन आदार आंखाल आरो / एबा बेराम जानायनि फिथाइ। While a number of middle-income countries have made progress in reducing maternal mortality deaths, less progress has been achieved in Sub-Saharan Africa. जेब्ला गेजेर-रांआरजिग्रा गोबां हादोरफोरा बिमायारि थैथाय थैनायफोरखौ खमायनायाव जाफुंसारहोनो हाबाय, दालाय-साहारान आफ्रिकायाव खम जाफुंसारनाया मावफुंजाबाय। While systematic data and information on child protection issues are still not always available, evidence suggests that children in need of special protection belong to communities suffering disadvantage and social exclusion such as scheduled casts and tribes, and the poor. जेराव गथ’ होबथा आयदाफोराव थानाय खानथियारि तथ्य’ आरो खौरांफोरा दाबो जेब्लायबो थोजासे नङा, फोरमाना बिथोनहोयो दि जरखा रैखाथि नांगौ जानाय गथ’फोरा जेंना आरो समाज While the Infant Mortality Rate showed a rapid decline during the 1980s, the decrease has slowed during the past decade. जेब्ला 1980 समाव खुदिया थैथाय हारा गोख्रै खमिनायखौ दिनथिदोंमोन, खमिनाया थांनाय जिथाय समाव लासैजाबाय। With an estimated 12.6 million children engaged in hazardous occupations (2001 Census), for instance, India has the largest number of child labourers under the age of 14 in the world. खैफोदगोनां खामानिफोराव मुखुबजानाय हमनालाजानाय 12.6 मिलियन गथ’फोरजों (2001 सबुंसानखो), बिदिनथि बादियै, भारताहा बुहुमाव 14 बैसोनि सिङाव गथ’ मुजदुरिमावग्राफोरनि देरसिन अनजिमा दं। Worldwide 37 per cent of under-five deaths are attributed to neo-natal causes. बुहुमनाङै बा बैसो सिङाव थैनायफोरनि 37 जौखोनदोया निइउ-नेतेल जाहोनफोराव दायहोजायो। Worldwide more than 60 million women aged 20-24 were married before the age of 18. बुहुमनाङै 20-24 बैसोजानाय 60 मिलियननिख्रुइ बांसिन आइजोफोरा 18 बैसो सिगां हाबाजादोंमोन। Worldwide, the lack of sanitation, poor hygiene and unsafe drinking water contribute to more than 1.5 million child deaths each year from diarrhoeal diseases. बुहुमनाङै, खिखरसालिनि आंखाल, गाज्रि गोगो आरो रैखाथिगोयै लोंनाय दैया बोसोरफ्रोमबो खिसावनाय बेरामफोराव 1.5 मिलियननिख्रुइ बांसिन गथ’ थैथायफोराव अबदानहोयो। Yet in 2004, an estimated 700 million people in India were not using improved sanitation facilities. अब्लाबो 2004याव भारताव हमनालाजानाय 700 मिलियन सुबुंफोरा जैगालु खिखरसालि खाबुफोर बाहायखैमोन। A mother’s death is a tragedy unlike others, because of the deeply held feeling that no one should die in the course of the normal process of reproduction and because of the devasta-ting effects on her family. बिमानि थैनाया गुबुनफोरनिख्रुइ दुखुनांथावसिन, बेजों सोमोनदो गोनां गोथौव साननायनि थाखाय दि जोनोम होनायनि सरसनस्रा फारिखानथियाव रावबो थैनो नाङा आरो मानोना बिनि नखराव जोबस्रांहोनाय जाउननि थाखाय। An increasing number of countries have succeeded in improving the health and well-being of mothers, babies and children in recent years, with noticeable results. गोबां बिबांनि हादोरफोरा बावैसो बोसोराव, देहा आरो बिमाफोरनि मोजाङै थानाय, गोरलैफोर आरो गथफोरनाव नोजोराव गोग्लैथाव महरै देरहादों। As 28% of child deaths still occur in South-East Asia, two of the six WHO regions - Africa and South-East Asia - account for more than 70% of all child deaths. मानोना 28%नि गथ थैनाया दाबोनो खोला-सोनाब एसियाआवनो जायो, हु गोनां द जायगानि गेजेराव नै – आफ्रिका आरो खोला-सोनाब एसियाआ- 70%नि बांसिननि गासै गथ थैनायखौ जाहोन दिनथियो। As a result, all industrialized countries and their colonies, as well as Thailand and many Latin American countries, had instituted at least an embryonic form of maternal and infant health services by the onset of the 20th century. जाहोन महरै गोसै दारिमिनारि हादोरफोर, लोगोसे थायलेन्द आरो गोबां लेतिन आमेरिकान हादोरफोरा खमैब्लाबो बिमायारिनि एमब्रायनिक महर आरो गोरलै देहा खामानिखौ नैजिथि जौथायनि जागायजेननायाव गायसनदों। As more and more thousands of men were slaughtered every day, the belligerent nations, on whatever side, began to see that new human lives, which could grow up to replace brutally extinguished adult lives, were extremely valuable national assets. जेरै रोजा रोजा मानसिफोरा सानफ्रोमबो सिथारजागासिनो दङ, जिखुनुनि थिंजायनि दावहा नांनो लुबैग्रा हादोरा नुजेनबायदि गोदान मानसिनि जिउ जाय गाज्रियै गोमालांनाय बैसोगोरा जिउखौ जायगा सोलायनो देरदों जानोहागौ बेयो जोबोद बेसेनगोनां हादोरारि धोन। Backed by large numbers of official reports, maternal and child health became a priority for ministries of health. गोबां बिबांफोरनि सोरकारनि फोरमानजों मदद होजानानै, बिमायारि आरो गथ’ देहाया देहानि मिनिसत्रिफोराव गोनांसिन जाबाय। Because of this, society values the health of its mothers and children for its own sake and not merely as a contribution to the wealth of the nation. बिनि थाखायनो समासा गावसोरनि बिमाफोर आरो गथ’फोरनि देहाखौ हादोरारिनि धोनव बुथुमनायनि थाखायल’ नङा नाथाय गावसोरनि मोजांनि थाखायनि मुल्य गोनां खालामो। Being healthy means much more than merely surviving. देहा गोनां जानायनि ओंथिआ थांनानै थानायल’ख्रुइ गोबांसिन। Between 1970 and 1990, the under-five mortality rate dropped by 20% every decade; between 1990 and 2000 it dropped by only 12%. 1970 आरो 1990नि गेजेराव बा बोसोर सिंनि थैनायनि बिबाङा जिबोसोरफ्रोमबो 20% हायदों;1990 आरो 2000नि गेजेराव 12%ल’ हायदों। By the 1950s, national health plans and policy documents from development agencies invariably stressed that mothers and children were vulnerable groups and therefore priority “targets” for public health action. 1950सिमाव, हादोरारि देहाया जौगाथाय थानदैफोरनिफ्राय बिथांखि आरो राजखानथिआरि मावसोलो बानायो, जाय सोलायालाबा नारसिनो दि बिमाफोर आरो गथ’फोरा गाग्लोबजाथाव हानजाफोर आरो बिनि थाखायनो गोनांथिया समाजारि देहा खामानिखौ थांखि खालामो। Caring for the health of mothers and children soon gained a legitimacy of its own, beyond military and economic calculations. सानथ्रि आरो रांखानथिनि अनजिमा साननायनि बायजोआव, बिमाफोर आरो गथफोरनि देहानि जोथोन लानाया गोख्रैयैनो गावनो हारसिंयैनो आइनजों गोरोबजाथाव आरजिदोंमोन। Child deaths are increasingly concentrated in the African Region (43% of the global total in 2003, up from 30% in 1990). गथ थैनाया आफ्रिकानि ओनसोलाव गोबाङै थासिनदों (1990नि 30%निफ्राय जौनानै 2003याव बुहुमनाङै 43%)। First, children are the future of society, and their mothers are guardians of that future. गिबियाव, गथफोरा समाजनि इयुन आरो बिसोरनि बिमाफोरा बे इयुननि रैखागिरि। For centuries, care for childbirth and young children was regarded as a domestic affair, the realm of mothers and midwives. गोबां जौथायथि बोसोरसिम, गथजोनोमनि आरो उनदै गथफोरनि जोथोना न’नि खामानि होनना नोजोर होजायोमोन, बिमाफोर आरो गथ जोनोमाव हेफाजाब होग्राफोरनि खामानि। For governments that take their function of reducing inequality and redistributing wealth seriously, improving the living conditions and providing access to health care for mothers and children are good starting points. सोरखारफोर जाय गावसोरनि समान नङैनि आरो धोनखौ गोमजोरै रानफिननायनि हाबाखौ लायो, थांना थानायनि थासारिफोरखौ मोजांसिन खालामनाय आरो बिमाफोर आरो गथफोरनि देहा जोथोननि थाखाय मोनथाय होनाया मोजां जागायजेननायनि बिबां। Global events precipitated public interest in the roles and responsibilities of governments, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 by the newly formed United Nations. बुहुमनां हाबाफोरा सोरखारनि बाहागो आरो बिबानखौनि थिंजाय समाजारि गोसोजानायखौ गोख्रैसिन खालामदों, आरो गोदान खुंजानाय इउनायतेत नेसनजों 1948 इउनिभारसेल दिक्लेरेसन अफ हिउमेन रायतसजों। Globally, we are making progress towards the MDGs in maternal and child health. बुहुमनाङै जों एम.दि.जिनि बिमायारि आरो गथ देहा थिंजाय दावगा गासिनो दङ। Governments saw a possible solution in the pioneering French experiments of the 1890s. सोरखारा जानोहाथाव बेखेवथिखौ 1890नि दिहुनजेनग्रा फ्रेन्च आनजाद नायनायाव नुदों। Healthy mothers and children were seen by governments at that time to be a resource for economic and political ambitions. बै समाव देहा गोनां बिमाफोर आरो गथफोरखौ सोरखारफोरा रांखानथि आरो राजखानथि हासथायनायनि बेसाद महरै नायदोंमोन। However, the countries with the highest burden of mortality and ill-health to start with made little progress during the 1990s. जिरैखिजाया, जागायनो थाखआय हादोरफोर जायहा थैथायनि गोबांसिन बिबान दङ’ आरो गाज्रि देहा बिसोरो 1990आव एसे दावगायनाय दिनथिदों। If further progress is to be made in reducing child mortality, increased efforts are needed to bring about a substantial reduction in deaths among newborns. जुदि गथ’ थैनायखौ फाहायनाव आरोबाव जौगाथाय लाबोनांगौब्ला, जोनोम जागोदानफोरनि गेजेराव थैनायखौ थार हायनायखौ लाबोनो थाखाय गोबांसिन नाजानाया नांगोन। Improving health is a condition for poverty alleviation and for development. मोजांसिन जानाया गरिब जानायनिफ्राय जौनाय आरो जौगानायनि मोनसे थासारि । Improving their health is at the core of the world’s push to reduce poverty and inequality. बिसोरनि देहाखौ सावसिन खालामनाया बुहुनि नारसिनायनि थाराव गरिबजानाय आरो समान नङैखौ फाहायनायनि थाखाय। In 1938 the Mothers’ Charter was proclaimed by 60 local associations in the United Kingdom. 1938आव मदर्स चारतारा इउनायनेत किंदमनि 60 ओनसोलारि आफादजों फोसावजादोंमोन। In all cultures, families and communities acknowledge the need to care for mothers and children and try to do so to the best of their ability. गासैबो हारिमुफोर, नखरफोर आरो सुबुं समाजफोरा बिमाफोर आरो गथ’फोरनि जोथोनखौ सिमान लायो आरो गावसोरनि हानायमानिसिम साबसिन खालामनो नाजायो। In contrast, progress continued or accelerated in the WHO Region of the Americas, and the South-East Asia and European Regions. फाराकथिखौ दिनथिनो, जौगाथाया जाबाय थायो एबा आमेरिका, खोला-सोनाब एसिया आरो इउर’पनि ओनसोरफोरा हुनि ओनसोलखौ थाबसिन खालामो। In practice, child health programmes were usually the central - often the only - programmatic content of early attempts to implement primary health care. बाहायनायाव गथ’ देहानि हाबाफारिफोरा सरासनस्रायै मिरुथि- बांसिनै मोनसेल’- सिगांनि गिबि देहा जोथोनखौ बाहायनायनि नाजानायफोरनि हाबाफारियारि फारिलाइ। In some, the situation has actually worsened in recent years. माखासेयाव, दासानदिनि बोसोरफोराव थासारिया गाज्रिसिन जाबाय। In the 20th century, the health of mothers and children was transformed from a purely domestic concern into a public health priority with corresponding responsibilities for the state. 20थि जौथायथिआव, बिमाफोर आरो गथ’फोरनि देहाया गोग्गोयै नखरारि जिंगासिनिफ्राय समाजारि देहा गोनांथिजों हादोरनि थाखाय रोखोमसे बिबानफोरजों सोलायजादोंमोन। In the opening years of the 21st century, the Millennium Development Goals place it at the core of the struggle against poverty and inequality, as a matter of human rights. 21थि जौथायथिनि बेखेजेननाय बोसोरफोराव, मिलेनिआम देबेलबमेनतेल गलफोरा बिखौ जिंगासिनायनि गेजेराव, गरिबजानाय आरो समान नङैखौ, सुबुंनि न्यायफोरनि बेरेखायाव दोननानै होयो। In this more politicized view, women’s relative lack of decision-making power and their unequal access to employment, finances, education, basic health care and other resources are considered to be the root causes of their ill-health. बि बांसिन राजखानथियारि नोजोरजों, हिनजावफोरनि थिरांथा खालामनायनि गोहोनि खमायनाय आरो बिसोरनि समान नङै साख्रि, रांफोर, फरायनाय, थार देहा जोथोन आरो गुबुन बेसादफोराव ओंखारनायखौ बिसोरनि गाज्रि देहानि गुबै जाहोन होनना बुंदों। In too many countries the health of mothers and children is not making the progress it should. गोबांथार हादोरफोराव बिमा आरो गथ’फोरनि देहाया जानांगौ बायदि जौगाथाया जायाखै। It is no accident that the formulation of the MDG targets and indicators reveals the special priority given to the health and well-being of women, mothers and children. बियो जेबो हरखाब जानाय जाथाय नङा जाय एमदिजिनि दानाया थांखि लायो आरो दिनथिग्राफोरा हिजावफोर, बिमाफोर आरो गथफोरनि देहा आरो मोजां थानायनि जरखा गोनांथिखौ दिनथियो। It may seem like a cold-blooded thing to say, but someone ought to point out that the World War was a back-handed break for children. बियो बुंनायाव अननाय गोयै बैयदि खोनायो,नाथाय सोरबाया दिनथिथारनांगोन दि वरल्द वारा गथफोरनि थाखाय आखाय सिफायजानायमोन। Looking at it another way, more than 50% of all child deaths are concentrated in just six countries: China, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria and Pakistan. गुबुन फारसेथिं नायनायाव, 50%निख्रुइ बांसिन गथफोरनि थैनाया द’ हादोरावनो थायो- चायना, देमत्रेतिक रिपाब्लिक अफ कंग’, इथिअपिया, इनदिया, नायजेरिया आरो पाकिसतान। Many of Europe’s politicians shared a perception that the ill-health of the nation’s children threatened their cultural and military aspirations. गोबां राजखानथिगिरिफोरा एखे जाथायखौ रानना लादों दि हादोरनि गथफोरनि गाज्रि देहाया बिसरनि हारिमुआरि आरो सानत्रि आसाफोरखौ सिगियो। Maternal and child health programmes became a public health paradigm alongside that of the battle against infectious diseases. बिमायारि आरो गथनि देहा हाबाफारिफोरा सनदेरग्रा बेरामफोरनि बेरेखायै दावहानांनायनि जिंजिं समाजारि देहा नेरसोन जाबाय। Millions of women and their families live in a social environment that works against seeking and enjoying good health. मिलियनफोर हिनजावफोर आरो बिसोरनि नखरफोरा समाजारि थासारियाव थायो जाय मोननाय आरो मोजां देहाखौ रंजानायनि बेरेखायै मावो। Most of the millions of untimely deaths that occur are avoidable, as is much of the suffering that comes with ill-health. गोबांथार मिलियनफोरनि सम नङैआव थैनायफोर जाय जायो बेफोर होबथानो हायै,जेरै हांसिन सहायनांनाया गाज्रि देहानि थाखाय जायो। Most pregnant women hope to give birth safely to a baby that is alive and well and to see it grow up in good health. बांसिन गोरबो गोनां आयजोफोरा गथखौ खैफोदगौयै जोनोम होनो, जाय गोथां रो मोजां आरो बिखौ मोजां देहायाव देरनायनि आसा खालामो। Mother and child health is clearly on the international agenda even in the absence of universal access to reproductive health services as a specific Millennium Development Goal. बिमा आरो गथनि देहाया रोखायै बुहुमनां थांखि, बुहुमनां फिन जोनोम होनो हानाय देहा मावनायफोर जेरै थि मिलेनियाम जौगाथाय थांखिनि मोननायनि लामा गोयैआवबो। Mothers are much more than caregivers and homemakers, undervalued as these roles often are. बिमाफोरा जोथोनहोगिफोर, न’बानायगिरिफोरनिख्रुइ गोबां बांसिन, बिसोरनि बाहागोआ बांसिन समाव बेसेन गैजैयै। Mothers influence early behaviour and establish lifestyle patterns that not only determine their children’s future development and capacity for health, but shape societies. बिमाया गुबै आखलाव गोहोम खोख्लैयो आरो जिउराहानि महरखौ फसङो जाया बिसोरनि गथनि उननि जौनायखौ थि खालामो आरो देहानि लानोहानायल’ नङा नाथाय समाजफोरखौबो महर होयो। Nevertheless, children across southern and central Asia continue to suffer very high levels of malnutrition. बिनि अनगायैबो, गासै खोलायारि आरो सेनत्राल एसियानि गथफोरा गोबां बिबांनि मेलनिउत्रिसननिफ्राय भपगिनाङो। Nevertheless, the mortality rates of children under five years of age provide a good indicator of the progress made - or the tragic lack of it. बिनि अनगायैबो, बा बोसोर सिंनि गथफोरनि थैनायनि बिबाङा जौगाथाय मोननाय एबा बिनि गोब्राब कमायनायखौ दिनथिनायनि मोजां राहा। One of the core functions assigned to the World Health Organization (WHO) in its Constitution of 1948 was “to promote maternal and child health and welfare”. वरल्द हेल्थ अरगानायजेसनो गावनि 1948नि संबिजिरनायाव होजानाय मोनसे गुबै हाबाफारियानो जाहैबाय “ बिमायारि आरो गथ देहा आरो मोजां थानायखौ फोजौनाय”। Overall, children today are better nourished: between 1990 and 2000 the global prevalence of stunting and underweight declined by 20% and 18%, respectively. फुरायै दानि गथफोरा साबसिन खांजानाय: 1990 आरो 2000नि गेजेरनि हायथा जानाया आरो अजन खम जानायानि बुहुमनां गोसारनाया 20% आरो 18% फारियै खमायदों। Poor nutrition in girls, early onset of sexual activity and adolescent pregnancy all have consequences for well-being during and after pregnancy for both mothers and children. हिनजावसाफोरनि गाज्रि निउत्रिसन, थाब आथोनारि खामानि आरो सिख्लासायाव गोरबो थानाय, गासैहाबो सानैबो मिनाफोर आरो गथफोरनि गोरबो थानाय आरो उननि मोजांथानाया जाउन दङ। Poverty, cultural traditions and legal barriers restrict their access to financial resources, making it even more difficult to seek health care for themselves or for their children. गरिबजानाय, हारिमुआरि गोदोनि सोलिबोनाय नेम खानथि आरो आयन गोनां होबथानायफोरा बिसोरनि राङारि राहाफोरखौ हमथायो, बिखौ गावनि थाखआय आरो गावसोरनि गथनि थाखाय देहा जोथोन मोननायाव आरोबाव गोब्राबसिन खालामो। Progress has therefore been patchy and unless it is accelerated significantly, there is little hope of reducing maternal mortality by three quarters and child mortality by two thirds by the target date of 2015 - the targets set by the Millennium Declaration. जौगाथाया बिनिखायनो इसे जानानै दङ आरो जेब्लासिम बिखौ ओंथिगोनाङै बारायजाया, बिहा बिमायारि थैनायखौ ब्रै बाहागोनि थाम आरो गथ थैनायखौ थाम बाहागोफोरनि नैखौ लाजानाय थांखि खालार 2015सिमाव फाहायनायाव इसे आसा दङ- थांखिफोर जायफोरो मिलेनियाम दिक्लेरेसनजों दोनजादोंमोन। Second, few consequences of the inequities in society are as damaging as those that affect the health and survival of women and children. नैथि, समाजनि न्याय गोयैफोरनि माखासे जाहोनफोरा बिबायदिनो खैफोदगोनां जाय हिनजाव आरो गथनि थांनाय आरो देहायाव गोहोम खोख्लैयो । Set out eight specific Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), each with its numerical targets and indicators for monitoring progress. दाइन जरखा मिलेनिआम जौगाथाय थांखिफोरखौ (एमदिजिएस) हमना ला, बिनि मोनफ्रोमबो बिबाङारि थांखिफोरजों आरो जौथायखौ नायनो थाखाय दिनथिग्राफोर। Success is overshadowed, however, by the persistence of an unacceptably high mortality and the increasing inequity in maternal and child health and access to health care worldwide. देरहानाया अब्लाबो नाजावजायै गोजौ थैथायनि समानथि आरो बिमायारि आरो गथ देहानि बांनाय न्याय गोयै आरो बुहुमनाङै देहा जोथोन मोननायाव गाग्लोबजायो। Sustainable improvement of health depends on successful poverty alleviation and reduction of inequalities. देहायाव सहायनो हाथाव जौगाथाया देरहायारि गरिबनि जौनाय आरो समान नङैफोरखौ खमायनायाव सोनारो। The 1987 Call to Action for Safe Motherhood explicitly framed it as “deeply rooted in the adverse social, cultural and economic environments of society, and especially the environment that societies create for women”. बिमासमा मावनायनि लिंहरनाया, 1987आव बिखौ रोखायै महर होदों दि, बियो गाज्रि समाज, हारिमुआरि आरो समाजनि रांखानथिआरि थासारिफोरजों गोथौवै सोमोनदो खाजायो, आरो जरखायै थासारिफोर जाय हिनजावफोरनि थाखाय समाजफोर दायो। The African Region started out at the highest levels, saw the smallest reductions (around 5% by decade between 1980 and 2000) and the most marked slowing down. आफ्रिकानि ओनसोल गोजौसिन थाखोजों जागायजेनदों, फिसासिन खमायनाय नुदों (1980 आरो 2000नि जिसाथिनि गेजेराव 5%सिम ) आरो बांसिन लासै जानायखौ दिनथिजादों। The conference produced a 20-year plan of action that focused on universal access to reproductive health services (of which maternal and child health care became a subset), which was grounded in individual choices and rights. जथुममाया 20 बोसोरनि मावथायनि बिथांखि दिहुनदों जाय बुहुमनां मोननो हानाय फिन जोनोम होनोहानाय देहा मावनायफोर (जेराव बिमायारि आरो गथनि देहा जोथोना गुबैसिन जादों) जाय गावारि बासिनायफोर आरो न्यायफोराव मिरुथाय खालामदोंमोन। The creation of public health programmes to improve the health of women and children has its origins in Europe at the end of the nineteenth century. बिमा आरो गथनि देहाखौ साबसिन खालामनायनि समाजारि देहा हाबाफारिफोरनि बानायजेननाया जिगु जौथायथिनि जोबनायाव इउरपाव जाजेनदोंमोन। The destructive influence of HIV/AIDS - but also the failure to translate life-saving knowledge into effective action and to invest adequately in public health and a safe environment. एचआयभि आरो ऐय्दसनि गाज्रि गोहोम खोख्लैग्राया- नाथाय जिउ बासायग्रा गियानखौ गोहोम गोनां मावनायाव आरो समाजारि देहायाव थोजासे खथायनायाव आरो मोनसे खैफोद गोयै थासारियाव सोनानै होनो हायैनि जेननाय। The early implementation of primary health care often had a narrow focus, but among its merits was the fact that it laid the groundwork for linking health to development and to a wider civil society debate on inequalities. गिबि देहा जोथोननि सिगांनि मावफुंनाया गोबां समाव फिसा थांखिनिल’मोन, नाथाय गावनि मोजांनि गेजेराव बिनि नोंगौथिआ जादों दि बियो देहानि जौगाथायखौ आरो बिखौ गुवार समाजारि समान नङैनि सायाव राव दानथेलायनायनि सोमोनदोनि गुबै खामानिखौ मावदों। The fortunes of the world’s children have also been mixed in terms of their nutritional status. निउत्रिसनेल थाखोआव बुहुमनि गथफोरनि खाफाला गालाय गुजाय जाबाय। The global averages also hide important regional differences. बुहुमनां गरफोराबो गोनां ओनसोलारि गुबुन गुबुनथिखौ दोवखुमायो। The health agenda emphasis on health reflects a global consensus that ill-health is an important dimension of poverty in its own right. Ill-health contributes to poverty. देहायारि बिथांखिया देहाया बुहुमनां सरासनस्रा फोथायथि दि गाज्रि देहाया गावनिवो गाव न्यायाव मोनसे गोनां थासारिखौ रिफि होयोआव नारसिनो। गाज्रि देहाया गरिबजानायाव हेफाजाब होयो। The health agenda is explicit in three of the eight goals, eight of the 18 targets, and 18 of the 48 indicators. देहायारि थांखिया दाइननि गेजेराव मोनथामाव, जिदायननि थांखिफोरनि गेजेराव दायन आरो ब्रैजिदायन दिनथिग्राफोरनि गेजेराव जिदायन रोखा नुनो मोनो । The health of mothers and children satisfies the classical criteria for setting public health priorities. बिमाफोर आरो गथफोरनि देहाया समाजारि देहानि गुबैथिनि गोदोनि थांखिखौ गोजोन होयो। The increasing involvement of a variety of authorities - medical and lay, charitable and governmental - resonated with the rising expectations and political activism of civil society. गुबुन गुबुन मोनथायफोरजों बांनाय हाबफानाया- मेदिकेल आरो समाज, दानहोग्रा आरो सोरकारिआ- जौनाय आसाफोर आरो राजखानथिनि समाजाव खामानियाव रिंसार जाहोदों। The International Labour Organization proposed legal standards for the protection of maternity at work in 1919. इनतारनेसनेल लेबर अरगानायजेसनना,1919नि खामानिय़ाव गोरबो थानायनि रैखाथिनि थाखाय आयन गोनां मानथाखोफोरजों थांखि होदोंमोन। The New York Times published articles on maternal mortality in the early 1930. निउ यर्क तायम्सआ सिगां 1930आव बिमायारि थैनायनि सायाव रादाय बिलाय फोसावदोंमोन। The notion of mothers and children as vulnerable groups was also central to the primary health care movement launched at Alma-Ata (now Almaty, Kazakhstan) in 1978. बिमाफोर आरो गथफोरा गाग्लोबजाथाव हानजाफोरा आलमा - आताआव (दा आलमाति, काजाखस्थान) दिहुजेनजानाय गिबि देहायारि जांख्रिखांआबो मिरुमोन। The plight of mothers and children soon came to be seen as much more than a problem of biological vulnerability. बिमाफोर आरो गथफोरनि गाज्रि थासारिया थाबैनो जिबिआरि गाग्लोबजानायनि जेंनानिख्रुइ बांसिननि महरजों नायजादों। The programmes also increasingly found support in the emerging social reform and charitable movements of the time. हाबाफारिफोराबो बै समनि ओंखारजेननाय समाजारि सोलायगिरि आरो दान होग्रा जांख्रिखांनायफोरनिफ्राय बांबायथानाय हेफाजाब मोनदों। The rate was “only” 4.3 times higher in 1980 and 5.4 times higher in 1990. बिबांआ 1980आव 4.3गुन “ ल’ ” जौसिनमोन आरो 1990आव 5.4गुन जौसिन। The reasons for this are complex and vary from one country to another. बिनि जाहोनफोरा गोरा आरो बिसोरो हादोरनिफ्राय हादोर गुबुन गुबुन जायो। The result is that the differences between regions are growing. जाउना जादोंदि ओनसोलफोरनि गेजेरनि गुबुनथिआ बांगासिनो दङ। The shift to a concern for the rights of women and children was accelerated by the International Conference on Population and Development, held in Cairo, Egypt, in 1994. हिनजावफोर आरो गथफोरनि न्याय थिंजाय जिंगासि सोलायनाया कायर’, इजिप्ताव 1994आव जानाय सुबुं अनजिमा आरो जौगाथायनि बुहुमनां जथुममानि थाखाय जादों। The slowing down of progress started in the 1980s in the WHO African and Western Pacific Regions, and during the 1990s in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. हु आफ्रिका आरो सोनाबारि पेसिफिक ओनसोलफोरनि जौगानायनि लासै जानाया 1980आव जागायजेनदों, आरो सानजायारि मेदितारेनियान ओनसोलाव 1990आव। The ugliest way - and, I suspect, the truer - is to say flatly that it was the military usefulness of human life that brought the change. गाज्रिसिन राहा, आरो आं सानो नोंथारगौआ-थारै बुंनायनि दि बियो सानत्रिनि गोनांथि जाय सुबुंनि जिउआव सोलायनाय जाबोदोंमोन। The under-five mortality rate is now seven times higher in the African Region than in the European Region. बा बोसोर सिंनि थैनायनि बिबाङा इउरफियान ओनसोलनिख्रुइ आफ्रिकानि ओनसोलाव दा स्नि गुन जौबाय। The unfairness of this situation has made it obvious that the health of mothers and children is an issue of rights, entitlements and day-to-day struggle to secure these entitlements. बि थासारिनि थिकनङैआ बिखौ थारै जाहोबायदि बिमाफोर आरो गथफोरनि देहाया न्यायफोरनि मोनसे जेंना आरो बिफोरखौ मोननांगौखौ मोननायनि सानफ्रोमबोनि जुजिनाय। Their chances of doing so are better in 2005 than ever before - not least because they are becoming aware of their rights. बिसोरनि बिबायदि खालामनायनि सुजुगफोरा 2005आव सिगांनिख्रुइ साबसिन, बिदिनि थाखआय नङा दि बिसोरो गावसोरनि न्यायफोरनि बारै सांग्रां जादों। These programmes offered a scientific and convincing way to produce healthy children who would become productive workers and robust soldiers. बि हाबाफारिफोरा देहागोनां गथफोर मोननाय जाय उनाव दिहुननो हाग्रा मावगिरिफोर आरो गोख्रों दावहारु जानायनि बिगियानि आरो खालामनो हाथाव राहाफोरखौ जासिदों। These programmes really started to gain ground after the Second World War. बेफोर हाबाफारिफोरा नोंथारगौवै नैथि वरल्द वारनि उनाव गोनांथि आरजिनाय जागायदों। They include the familiar, persistent enemies of health - poverty, inequality, war and civil unrest. बिसोरो सरासनस्रा नारसिनग्रा देहानि सत्रुखौ लाफायो- गरिबजानाय, समान नङै, दावहा आरो समाजारि जांख्रिखां। They may be reluctant to use health services where they feel threatened and humiliated by the staff, or pressured to accept treatments that conflict with their own values and customs. बिसोरो देहानि सहायफोरखौ लानो गोसो गोनां जानो हागौ जेराव बिसोरो मावगिरिफोरजों नारसिनजानाय आरो जालिफोनांजानाय बायदि मोनो, एबा फाहामथायखौ नाजावनो नारसिनाय जायफोरा बिसोरनि गावसोरनि नियम आरो फोथायनायखौ बेरेखा खालामो। They may have no say in decisions on whether to use contraception or where to give birth. बिसोरहा गथ थायैनि राहा लानाय एबा गथखौ बहा जोनोम होनांगौनि थिरांथा लानायाव बुंनो जेबो गैया जानो हागौ। They transmit the cultural history of families and communities along with social norms and traditions. बिसोरो गावसोरनि नखरफोरनि हारिमुआरि जारिमिन आरो समाजफोरजों लोगोसे समाजारि नियमफोर आरो गोदोनिफ्रायनो सोलिबोनाय नेम खानथिफोरखौ दैथाय हरो। This change in perspective is important, because it alters the rationale for investing in the health of mothers and children. बिथांखियाव बिथांखियाव सोलायनाया गोनां, मानोना बियो बिमाफोर आरो गथफोरनि खथायनायनि मोनसे थार जाहोनखौ सोलायो। This feeling was particularly strong in France and Britain, which had experienced difficulties in recruiting soldiers fit enough for war. बि आनदासा जरखायै फ्रान्स आरो ब्रितैनाव गोख्रोंमोन जाय दावहानि थाखाय मोजां दावहारुफोरखौ बुथुमानायाव गोब्राबथिफोरनि रोंमोनदांथिखौ मोनदोंमोन। This first major attempt at massive scaling up of health care coverage in rural areas boosted maternal and child health programmes by its focus on initiatives to increase immunization coverage. गामि ओनसोलनि देहा जोथोन लाफानायाव गिदिर सुनायाव गिबि गुबै नाजानाया गावनि होबथा मुलि होनायनि लाफादेरजोबननायखौ बांहोनायनि थागिदा लानायनि मिरुथिजों बिमायारि आरो गथनि देहा हाबाफारिफोरखौ बोलो होदों। This knowledge makes investment more successful and withholding care even less acceptable. बि गियाना खथायनाया बांसिन जाफिंसारदों आरो जोथोनखौ हमथादों जाया आरो बांसिन नाजावजायै। This leaves many mothers and children, particularly the poorest among them, excluded from access to the affordable, effective and responsive care to which they are entitled. बियो गोबां बिमाफोर आरो गथफोर, जरखायै बिसोरनि गेजेराव गरिबसिनखौ, मोननो हाथाव ओंखारनायनिफ्राय नागारो, जाय गोहोमगोनां आरो फिनमोनजाथाव जोथोनखौ बिसोरो मोननांगौ। This shift in emphasis has far-reaching consequences for the way the world responds to the very uneven progress in different countries. बुहुमा गुबुन गुबुन हादोरफोराव जौगानायनि गोबां समान नङैखौ माबोरै फिननाय होयोनि थाखाय बि नारसिनायनि बारस्लायनाया गोजान सहैनाय जाहोनफोर दङ। Throughout sub-Saharan Africa the numbers of children who are stunted and underweight increased in this period. साब साहारा आफ्रिकानि फुरायै, गथफोरनि बिबांफोर जाय हायथा आरो अजनखमा बि समाव बांदोंमो। Today, more is known than ever before about what determines the health of women and children and about which interventions bring about improvements most cost- effectively. माया बिमानि आरो गथ’नि देहखौ थिखालामो आरो म’बेआ गेजेरनि जानानै साबसिनाय जाय बेसेन फिथाइखौ लाबोयोआ बांसिनै सिगांनिख्रुइ दिनै मिथिजाबाय। Towards the turn of the millennium, however, the overall downward trend was showing signs of slowing. रोजासे बोसोर जानायनि थिंजाय,गासै गाहाय जालांनाय लुंहेया खमायलांनायनि मनेरसोनखौ दिनथिदों। Under-five mortality rates fell worldwide throughout the latter part of the 20th century. बा बोसोर सिंनि थांथि बिबाङा बुहुमनाङै नैजि जौथायथिनि गासै उननि खोनदो गोग्लैबाय। With today’s knowledge and technology, the vast majority of the problems that threaten the world’s mothers and children can be prevented or treated. आथिखालनि गोदान गियान आरो आरोंदायारि गोनोखोजों गुवार गुबै जेंनाफोर जाय बुहुमनि बिमा आरो गथखौ सिगियो बियो होबथाजायो आरो फाहाम जायो। Women often have limited exposure to the education, information and new ideas that could spare them from repeated childbearing and save their lives during childbirth. आयजोफोरा सरासनस्रायै सोलोंथाय, खौरां, गोदान सानस्रियाव सिमागोनां राहा दं जाय बिसोरखौ गले गले गोरबो थानाय आरो गथ जोनोम समनि थैनायनिफ्राय रैखा खालामगौमान। Workers’ movements, women’s groups, charities and professional organizations took up the cause of the health of women and children in many different ways. मावग्राफोरनि सोमावसारनायफोर, आयजोफोरनि हानजा, दानहोनायफोर आरो फालांगियारि आफादफोरा आयजोफोरनि आरो गथफोरनि देहानि जाहोनखौ गोबां गुबुन गुबुन लामाफोरजों दैखांजादों। “Special care and assistance” added an international and moral dimension to the issue of the health of mothers and children, representing a huge step forward from the political and economic concerns of 50 years earlier. ‘गुबै जोथोन आरो हेफाजाबा’ बिमाफोर आरो गथफोरनि देहानि सोमोनदो गोनां जेंनायाव बुहुमनां आरो नैतिकनि(moral) उफ्रा लामा होदों, बाजि बोसोर सिगांनि राजखानथि आरो रांखानथिनि जिंगासियाव गोबां आवगायनायखौ फोरमायदों। 529 000 die each year (including 68 000 as a result of an unsafe abortion), leaving behind children who are more likely to die because they are motherless. 529000या बोसोरफ्रोमबो थैयो (68000 लाफादेरनानै जाय खैफोद गोनां गथ गारनायनि जाउन), बैसोर गथफोरखौ नागारनानै जैय बांसिनै थैनो हागौ मानोना बिसोरो बिमागैजाया। 98% of newborn deaths occur in developing countries. 98% जोनोम जागोदाम गथफोरनि थैनाया जौगाफु हादोराव जायो। A few countries such as Bolivia and Egypt have managed this in more recent years. माखासे हादोरफोर जेरै बलिविया आरो इजिप्ता बेफोरखौ बांसिन बावैसो बोसोरफोराव सामलायनो हाबाय। A total of 93 countries, including most of those in the high income bracket, are “on track” to reduce their 1990 under-five mortality rates by two thirds by 2015 or sooner. 93 हादोरफोरनि गासै जाय लाफादेरनानै बांसिनै गोबां खामायनाय ब्रेकेतनि बिसोरो लामायाव दङ, गावसोरनि 1990 बा बोसोर सिंनि थैनाय बिबांखौ 2015 एबा गोख्रैसिनै खावथामनि खावनै खमायनो थाखाय। Although trend data are not available, neonatal and maternal mortality is highest in the countries with reversal and stagnation in under-five mortality. त्रेन्द दाताया मोनथाव नङाब्लाबो, नियनाताल आरो बिमायारि थैनाया बै हादोरफोराव बांसिन जेराव बा बोसोरनि सिंनि थैनायाव गिदिंफिननाय आरो दिदोमथि दङ। As a parent, I understand the overwhelming pressures to feed children sugary snacks and fast-food meals. सासे बिमा जानानै, आं गावनि गथखौ सिनिगोनां खाजा आरो फास्त फुद आदारफोर जाहोनायनि फुराया फेजेनग्रा नारसिननायखौ बुजियो । As most progress is being made in countries that already have relatively low levels of maternal and child deaths, while the worst-off stagnate, the gaps between countries are inevitably widening. जेरै बांसिन दावगानाया बे हादोरफोराव जादों जायफोरा सिगांनिफ्रायनो जोबोर गाहाय बिबांनि बिमायारि आरो गथ थैनाय दङ, जेब्ला गाज्रिसिना दिदोम, हादोरफोरनि गेजेराव गुदुङा एंगारनो हाथावै अरलांगासिनो दङ। As the situation improves at a slower pace than expected - and hoped for - the gains in avoided deaths are partially offset by the demographic momentum. जेरै थासारिनि मोजांसिन जानाया साननायनि आरो आसानि लासैसिनै जागासिनो – होबथानो हाथाव थैनायफोरनि आरजिफोरा बाहागोसे Be patient, take your cues from your baby, and in no time at all, your baby will be sleeping. गोसो हमथा, नोंनि गथनिफ्राय इंगितखौ ला, आरो समय लायालासैनो नोंनि गथआ उनदुलांगोन। because where a mother gets no or inadequate care during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, this is usually also the case for her newborn baby. मानोना जेराव बिमाया गोरबो थानाय सम, गथ जोनोम आरो पस्त पारताम समाव खम एबा जेबो जोथोन मोनाखौ, बियो सरासनस्रायै बिनि जोनोमजागोदान गथनिबो जाथाय। Both live births and deaths of newborns go underreported. गोथां जोनोम आरो थैनायफोरा मोननैबो गाज्रियै मिथिहोजायो। Both mothers and newborns have a better chance of survival if they have skilled help at birth. बिमाफोर आरो जोनोमजागोदान गथफोर सानैहाबो गोथां थानायनि राहाया जोनोम समाव गोरोंनिफ्राय हेफाजाव मोनब्ला बांसिन जायो। Cause of death is routinely reported for only 100 countries of the world, covering one third of the world’s population. थैनायनि जाहोना मोजाङै बुहुमनाङै 100 हादोरनि थाखायल’नो खौरां होजायो, बुहुमनाङ सुबुं अनजिमानि मोनथामनि खावसे सानानै। Children are also more likely to eat a lot of fruits, juices, fruit bars, etc. गथफोरा फिथायफोर, बिदैफोर, फिथाय बारफोर बायदि बायदिफोरखौ जानो हासिननो हागौ। Children's foods are often concentrated (water is extracted from baby-food for example) thus concentrating chemical residue. गथफोरनि आदारा बांसिन जमा थानाय (बिदिनथि महरै, गोरसैनि आदारनिफ्राय दैखौ दिहुनो), बि रोखोमै रसायनिक गोदि जमा थालाङो Countries that show reversal or stagnation are overwhelmingly in the African Region. हादोरफोर जाय गिदिंफिननो एबा दिदोम बिसोरो फुरायै आफ्रिका ओनसोलावनो। Data on stillbirths are even more scarce than those on newborn deaths. स्तिल जोनोमनि दाताया जोनोम जागोदान थैनायनिख्रुइबो खमसिन। Disease and disability among women of reproductive age in developing countries - more than any other single health problem.. जिखुनु मोनसे हुबुन देहानि जेंनानिख्रुइ जौगाफु हादोरनि जोनोम होनो हाग्रा बैसोनि हिनजावफोरनि गेजेराव बेरामफोर आरो हायैजानायफोरा बांसिन। During the 1960s and 1970s, some countries did reduce their maternal mortality by half over a period of 10 years or less. 1960 आरो 1970फोराव मोखासे हादोरफोरा 10 बोसोर एबा खमसिन समाव गावसोरनि बिमायारि थैनायखौ खावसेसिम खमायदों। During the 1990s there were more such countries than during the two previous decades combined. सिगांनि मोननै जि बोसोर दाजाबनायनि बांसिन 1990फोराव बिबायदि गोबांसिन हादोरफोर दङमोन। Each year, about four million newborns die before they are four weeks old. बोसोरफ्रोमबो, ब्रै मिलियनसिम जोनोमजागोदानोफोरा ब्रै सफथा जानायनि सिगांनो थैग्रोयो। Effectively, this leaves no record of the fate of 36 million - about 1 out of 4 - of the women who give birth every year. गोहोमगोनाङै, बियो बै 36 मिलियननि भाग्यनि जेबो रादाब दोना – साब्रैनि गेजेराव सासेसिम हिनजावफोर जाय बोसोरफ्रोमबो जोनोम होयो। Eventually these steps will take over for nursing or bottle-feeding, and then they too will fade away, and your baby will be sleeping longer. जोबथियाव बेफोर आगानफोरा आहार दौनाय आरो बतल फिदिंजों लाजागोन आरो बेफोरबो गोमालांगोन आरो नोंनि गथआ गोबावसिन उनदुगोन। Fast food restaurants will often use an hydrogenated oil for deep-frying. फास्त फुद रेसतुरेन्तफोरा बांसिन समाव एवख्रेमनायनि थाखाय हायद्रजेनेरेतेद थाव बाहायगोन। Fetal deaths are even more likely to go unreported, particularly early fetal deaths. फितेल थैनायफोरा रादाब दोनै जानायनि बांसिन खाबु थायो, जुनियायै सिगां फितेल थैनायफोर। Finally, there are 14 “reversal” countries, where under-five mortality rates went down to an average of 111 in 1990 but have increased since. जोबथायाव 14 गिदिंफिनग्रा हादोरफोर दङ, जेराव 1990नि बा बोसोर सिंनि थैनाय बिबाङा गड़ 111 गाहाय जाबाय नाथाय बिनि उनाव समनिफ्राय बांफिनदों। First, because healthier mothers have healthier babies. सेथियाव मानोना देहागोनां बिमाफोरहा देहागोनां गथफोर जायो। For 62 developing countries, including most of those with very high levels of mortality, the only existing estimates are based on statistical modelling. 62 जौगाफु हादोरफोरनि थाखाय, बैफोरखौ लाफादेरनानै जायहा गोजौ थाखोनि थैनाय बिबां दङ, माखासे दङ हिसाबा अनजिमायारि मदेलिंआवल’सै। For every newborn baby who dies, at least another 20 suffer birth injury, infection, complications of preterm birth and other neonatal conditions. साफ्रोमबो जोनोमजागोदान गथफोर जाय थैयो, इसेब्लाबो 20या जोनोम समनि दुखु, बारदेरनाय बेराम, समनि सिगां जोनोमनि जेंनाफोर आरो गुबुन निअनेतेल थासाफोरखौ भुगिनाङो। Gradual improvements in data availability, however, mean that a growing database now exists of maternal mortality by country. दाता मोनथावथिनि फारि साबसिन जालांनाया जिखिजादोआ बिखौ ओंथि होयो दि हादोरफोरहा बिमायारि थैनायनि देरनाय दाताबेसा दा दङसै। He’s done things this way since the day he was born, and he’d be perfectly happy to keep things as they are. बियो खामानिफोरखौ गावनि जोनोम मोननाय साननिफ्रायनो बिबायदि खालामबोगासिनो दङ, आरो बियो जेरै दङ बिदिनो खामानिफोरखौ दोनायाव जोबोर रंजानाय मोनगोन। If further progress is to be made in reducing child mortality, increased efforts are needed to bring about a substantial reduction in deaths among newborns. गथ थैनायखौ खमायनो आरोबाव दावगानाय नांबावगौब्ला, जोनोम जागोदानफोरनि गेजेराव थार खमायनायखौ लाबोनोब्ला गोबां नाजानायफोरा गोनां जागोन। In the late 1970s, less than one developing country in three was able to provide data - and these were usually only partial hospital statistics. 1970नि उननि बाहागोआव मोनथामनिख्रुइबो खमसिन हादोरफोरा दाता होनो हादोंमोन आरो बेफोर सरासनस्रायै बाहागोसे फाहामसालि अमजिमानिल’मोन। Information on maternal mortality remains a serious problem. बिमायारि थैनायनि खौराङा दाबोनो गोब्राब जेंना जानानै दङ। It has not been possible, though, to assess changes over time with any confidence. सम जानायसिमाव सोलायनोयफोरखौ फोथायथि गोनांजों नायबिजिरना नायनाया जानोहाथाव जाथ’आखैब्लाबो। It is even difficult to obtain reliable survey data that are nationally representative. बियो सोनारजाथाव नायबिजिरनाय दाता जाय हारियारियै दिनथिजानायखौ मोननो थाखाय गोब्राब। Keep in mind that your baby’s seeming inability to fall asleep on his own is not his fault. सानना दोन दि नोंनि गथनि गारसिङै उनदुनो हायैआ बिनि दाय नङा। Less than 1% of deaths occur in high-income countries. 1%निख्रुइबो खमसिन थैनाया गोजौ आरजिनाय हादोफोराव जायो। Manufacturers often use a variety of ‘sugars’, thus reducing the individual ingrediant weights. दागिरिफोरा बांसिन रोखोम रोखोम सिनि बाहायो, बेबादियै हारसिंनि इनग्रिदिएन्त अजनफोरखौ खमायो। Many farm chemicals are tested and approved for 150 pound males, not children. गोबां फामु रासायनफोरा आनजाद नायजाबाय आरो 150 पाउन्दनि हौवाफोरनो गनाय जाबाय, गथफोर नङा। Maternal mortality is highest by far in sub-Saharan Africa, where the lifetime risk of maternal death is 1 in 16, compared with 1 in 2800 in rich countries. बिमायारि थैनाया साब-साहारानि आफ्रिकायाव जोबोरै गोजौसिन, जेराव जिउगोथां समनि बिमायारि थैनायनि खैफोदा 16आव 1, गोनां हादोरनिजों रुजुनानै नायोब्ला 2800आव 1। More problematic are the 29 countries where mortality rates are “stagnating”. गोनांसिन जेंनागोनांफोरा 29 हादोरफोर जायनि बिमायारि थैनायनि बिबांफोरा “दिदोमै” दङ’। More rigorous estimates became available for 1995 and for 2000. गोबांसिन गोरा साननाया 1995 आरो 2000नि थाखाय मोनथाव जाबाय। Most of the live birth increase will be in sub-Saharan Africa and in parts of Asia - Pakistan and northern India. बांसिन गोथां जोनोमनि बांनायै साब-साहारानि आफ्रिका आरो एसिया-पाकिस्ताननि बाहागोफोराव जोगोन। Neonatal mortality is now 6.5 times lower in the high-income countries than in other countries. निअनेतेल थैनाया गुबुन हादोरफोरनिनिख्रुइ गोजौ आरजिग्रा हादोरफोरा दा 6.5 बार खमसिन। Nevertheless, there is a sense of progress, backed by the tracking of indicators that point to significant increases in the uptake of care during pregnancy and childbirth in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa during the 1990s. अब्लाबो, दावगानायनि मोनसे मोनदांथि दङ’, 1990समाव साब-साहारानि आफ्रिकाखौ नागारनानै गासैबो ओनसोलाव, नायगिरनाय दिनथिग्राफोरनि हेफाजाबजों जाय गोरबो थानाय आरो गथ जोनोमनि जोथोन लानायनि ओंथिगोनां बांनायखौ दिनथियो। Newborn deaths now contribute to about 40% of all deaths in children under five years of age globally, and more than half of infant mortality. जोनोमजागोदान थैनाया दा बुहुमनाङै बा बोसोर सिंनि गासै गथ थैनायनि 40%आव हेफाजाबहोफाया, आरो खावसेनिख्रुइ बांसिन गोरलै थैनाय। Over 300 million women in the developing world currently suffer from short-term or long-term illness brought about by pregnancy and childbirth. जौगाफु हादोरनि 300 मिलियननि बांसिन हिनजावफोरा आथिखालाव गोरबो थानाय आरो गथजोनोम होनायजों सोमानदो गोनां गुसुं सम एबा गोलाव समनि लोमजानायाव गोग्लैयो। over a million children who survive birth asphyxia each year develop problems such as cerebral palsy, learning difficulties and other disabilities. से मिलियननि बांसिन गथफोर जाय बोसोरफ्रोमबो जोनोमनि एसफिरिक्सखौ बारग’यो सेलेब्रेल पाल्सि, रोंनायाव गोब्राब जोनायफोर एबा गुबुन खहानि जेंनाफोरखौ जौगा होयो। Pregnancy and childbirth and their consequences are still the leading causes of death. गथ थानाय आरो गथ जोनोम होनाय आरो बिसोरनि जाउनफोरा दासिमबो थैनायनि गुबै जाउन। Progress has slowed down and is increasingly uneven, with a widening gap between rich and poor countries as well as, often, between the poor and the rich within countries. गोनां आरो गरिब हादोरफोरनि गेजेराव आरो बांसिनै हादोर सिंनि गोनां आरो गोयै मानसिफोरनि गेजेराव अरलांनाय गब्लङजों दावगानाया खमायबाय आरो गोबांयै समान नङै जाबाय। Rates of newborn deaths are highest in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. जोनोमजागोदाननि थैनायफोरा बिबाङा साब-साहारानि आफ्रिका आरो एसियायाव जौसिन। Recent success stories in maternal health are less often heard than those for child health. गथनि देहानिख्रुइ बिमायारि देहानि आथिखालनि जाफुंसारनायनि सल’फोरा बांसिनै खोनानो मोना। Refined grains (white bread, pasta, rice etc.) and sugar contain little to no nutrition. सोदांजानाय गमफोर (गुफुर रुथि, पास्ता, मायरं बायदि बायदि) आरो सिनिफोरा खम एबा जेबो निउत्रसन गैया। Since 1990, a joint working group of WHO, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) has been regularly assessing and synthesizing the available information. 1990निफ्रायनो, हुनि (दाब्लेउ.एच.अ)ज’ मावनाय हानजा, इउनायताद नेसन्स चिल्दरेन्स फान्द(इउ.एन.आय.सि.इ.एफ) आरो इउनायताद नेसन्स पपुलेसन फान्दा (इउ.एन.एफ.पि.ए) मोनथाव खौरांफोरजों सरासनस्रायै बिजिरना नायदों आरो ज’खालामदों। Since professional care is known to be crucial in averting maternal deaths as well as in improving maternal health, maternal mortality ratios are likely to be declining everywhere except for those countries which started the 1990s at high levels. मानोना गोरोंनि जोथोना बिमायारि थैनायखौ होबथानाव गोनां आरो बिमायारि देहाखौ फोसाबनायावबो, बिमायारि थैनाय रुजुथायफोरा बै हादोरफोर जाय 1990सिमाव गोजौ थाखोजों जागायजेनदों, बिसोरखौ नागारनानै जेरावबो हायलांनो हासिगौ। So no global downturn in maternal mortality ratios can yet be asserted. अब्ला बिमायारि थैनायनि रुजुथायफोराव जेबो बुहुमनां गाहाय गिदिंखौ दाबिथनो हाया। Sugar seriously depletes white blood cell capabilities for up to five hours after ingestion, thus limiting your child's body's ability to fight off viruses or bacteria it comes into contact with. सिनिआ गोमजोरै जानायनि उनाव बा घनटासिम गुफुर थैनि जिबख्रिफोरनि मावनो हानायखौ खालि खालामनो हायो, बिनिखायनो जेब्ला नांनायाव फैयै अब्ला भायरास आरो बेक्टेरियाफोरजों नोंनि गथनि मोदोमनि जुजिनोहानायनि गोहोखौ सिमना खालामो। Sugar stimulates LPL (lipoprotein lipase) which encourages the body to store food as fat. सिनिया एल.पि.एलखौ (लिप’प्रतिन लिपेस) थुलुंगाहोयो जाय मोदोमखौ, आदारफोरखौ मेजेम महरै जमा खालामानायाव थुलुंगा होयो। TFAs are linked to cancer and heart disease in children and are known to suppress the immune system. ति.एफ.एफोरा गथफोरनाव केनसार आरो समफ्ल बेरामजों रुजुजादों आरो खैफोदगोयै देहाखौ नारसिननायनि थाखाय मिथिजायो। TFAs interfere with enzyme functioning, liver detoxification, and essential fatty acid metabolization. ति.एफ.एफोरा एनजाय्म हाबाफारिफोर, बिखा दितक्सिफिकेसन आरो गोनांथार फेटि एसिद मेताबलाजेसनजों हेंथा-हेंसि होयो। The above figures do not include the 3.3 million stillbirths per year. गोजौनि बिबाङा बोसोरफ्रोमबो 3.3 मिलियन स्तिल जोनोमफोखौ लाफादेरा। The countries that rely on these modelled estimates represent 27% of the world’s births. हादोरफोर जाय बेफोरबायदि मदेलखालामजानाय सानना लानायफोराव सोनारो बिसोरो बुहुमनाङैनि 27%नि जोनोमखौ फोरमान होयो। The first global estimates of neonatal mortality, dating from 1983. निअनेतेल थैनायनि सिगांसिन बुहुमनां सानना लानाया,1983निफ्राय । The gap between rich and poor countries is widening. गोनां आरो गोयै हादोरफोरनि गेजेरनि गब्लङा अरगासिनो दङ’। The health and survival of newborn children is closely linked to that of their mothers. जोनोमजागोदान गथफोरनि देहा आरो थांनाया बिसोरनि बिमाफोरजों खाथियै रुजुजादों। The lifetime risk for a woman to lose a newborn baby is now 1 in 5 in Africa, compared with 1 in 125 in more developed countries. आफ्रिकायाव हिनजावनि जिउगोथां समनि जोनोम जागोदान गथखौ खोमानायनि खैफोदा दा 5याव 1, बांसिन जौगाखांनाय हादोरफोरजों रुजुनानै नायोब्ला जायना 125याव 1। The new estimates show that the burden of newborn mortality is considerably higher than many people realize. गोदान साननायफोरा दिनथियो दि गोरलै थैनायनि बिबाना गोबां सुबुंफोर मिथिनायनिख्रुइ गोबाङै गोबांसिन। The number of deaths among children under five years of age is going down and the mortality rates are dropping, but not fast enough to reach one third of their 1990 level by 2015, unless they significantly accelerate progress during the coming 10 years. बा बोसोर सिंनि गथफोरनि गेजेराव थैनायनि बिबाङा हायलांदों आरो थैनाय बिबाङा हायदों, नाथाय बिसोरनि 2015सिमाव 1990नि थाखोनि मोनथामनि मोनसेखौ सहानायनि थोजासे गोख्रै नङा, बिसोरो फैगौ 10 बोसोरोव दावगानायखौ ओंथिगोनाङै गोख्रैसिन खालामाब्ला। The numbers of untimely deaths of mothers and children could well be on the increase, because while rates are dropping, the numbers of mothers, births and children continue to grow. बिमाफोर आरो गथ’फोर समजायैयाव थैनायनि बिबाङा बांनादों जानोहागौ, मानोना जेब्ला बिबांफोरा हायदों अब्ला बिमाफोर, जोनोमफोर आरो गथफोरनि बांनाया जाबाय थायो। The on-track countries are those that already had the lowest rates in 1990 (taken together they had a rate of 59 in 1990). लामायाव दङ हादोरफोरा बैफोर जायहा 1990सिमाव गाहायसिन बिबां दंखासैमोन( गासै लानानै बिसोरहा 1990यान 59 बिबांल’ दङ’मोन) । The proportion of births assisted by a skilled attendant rose by 24% during the 1990s, caesarean sections tripled and antenatal care use rose by 21%. 1990सिमाव गोरों मानसिनि हेफाजाबजों जोनोमफोरनि रुजुथाया 24%सिम जौदों, सिजारियान सेकसनफोरा थामगुन जादों आरो एन्तिनेतेल जोथोननि बाहायनाया 21%सिम जौदों। The situation has now improved but births and deaths in developing countries are often only registered for small portions of the population except in some Asian and Latin American countries. थासारिया दा साबसिन जाबाय नाथाय जौगाफु हादोरफोरनि जोनोफोर आरो थैनायफोरा बांसिन समाव इसे बाहागोफोरनि थाखायल’ रेजिसतार खालामजायो, माखासे एसिया आरो लेतिन-आमेरिकान हादोरफोरखौ नागारनानै। The slowing down of improvement of global indicators that so worries policy-makers hides a patchwork of countries that are on track, show slow progress, are stagnating or are going into reverse. लासै जाबोनाय बुहुमनां दिनथिग्राफोरनि दावगानाया फ’लिसि बानाग्राफोरनो जिंगासि होयो जाय हादोरफोर जाय लामायाव दङ’फोरनि थालिखामानिफोरखौ दोनख्मायो, लासै जावगानाय दिनथियो दिदोम जागासिनो एबा गिदिंफिननो नायगिरदों। The uncertainty associated with maternal mortality estimates makes it difficult to say whether that mortality has gone up or down. बिमायारि थैनायनि साननायजों थारनङै थाफादेरनाया बे खोथाखौ बुंनायाव गोब्राब खालामो दि थैनाया जौदों एबा हायदों। Their families are usually unprepared for such tragedies and are profoundly affected. बिसोरनि नखरफोरा बिबायदि दुखुनांथाव जाथायनि थाखाय सरासनस्रायै थियारियै थाया आरो बिसोरो गोथौयै गोहोम खोक्लै जायो। Then your concerns will turn to the next phase in this magnificent, challenging, and ultimately rewarding experience we call parenthood. बिनि उनाव नोंनि जिंगासिफोरा बि समायना, गोब्राब, आरो जोबथा बानथा होनाय रोंगौथि जायखौ बिमा बिफा बुङोनि गुबुन मोनसे थाखो थिंजाय गिदिंगोन । There have been few signs of global improvement in this situation. बेयावहाय बे थासारियाव बुहुमनां साबसिन जानाया इसे नेरसोनफोर दङ। These are areas where the protection of adolescents and young women against early or unwanted pregnancy is most inadequate, mortality from unsafe abortion most pronounced, giving birth most hazardous and childhood most difficult to survive. बेफोरो ओनसोलफोर जेराव देरफुनायफोर आरो उनदै हिनजावफोरनि थाबैनो आरो नाङै गोरबो थानायनि बेरेखायै रैखाथिहोनाया जोबोर थोजायैसिन, खैफोदगोनां गोरबोगारनायनि थाखाय थैनाया जोबोर बुंजानाय, जोनोम होनाया जोबोरै खैफोदगोनां आरो उनदै बैसोआ थांनानै थानो जोबोरै गोब्राबसिन। These are based on national demographic surveys as well as on statistical models. बेफोरो हारियारि सुबुं अनजिमा साननाय आरो अनजिमा बिगियान मदेलनि सायाव बानायजानाय। These are even more hazardous to interpret than those from surveys or partial death registration. बेफोरनि ओंथि बेखेवनाया बै नायबिजिरनायफोर आरो थैनायनि बाहागोसे रेजिसत्रेसननिख्रुइबो आरोबाव बांसिन खैफोदगोनांसिन। These are the countries that had the highest levels (207 on average) in 1990. बेफोर हादोरफोरानो जायहा 1990याव जौसिन थाखो दङमोन (गड़ाव 207)। These countries started from a somewhat higher level than those that are on track: an average under-five mortality rate of 92 per 1000. लामायाव दङ हादोरोफोरनिख्रुइ बेफोर हादोरफोरा इसे जौसिन थाखोनिफ्राय जागायजेनदोंमोन: गड़ बा बोसोर सिंनि थैनाय बिबाङा 1000आव 92। These deaths are most numerous in Africa and Asia. बेफोर थैनायफोरा आफ्रिका आरो एसियायाव बयनिख्रुइबो गोबांसिन। This grouping of countries,1 categorized according to progress in under-five mortality during the 1990s, roughly corresponds to what happened in terms of neonatal. बे हादोरफोरनि हानजा बानायनाया, 1थियाव 1990फोराव बा बोसोर सिंनि थैनायाव बांनायाव थाखो रानजादोंमोन, जाय निअनाताल सोमोनदै मा जादोंजों राफलि जगा-जग लायो। This is not surprising, as only 14% of births in the world are registered. बियो सोमोनांथाव नङा दि बुहुमनाङै 14%ल’ जोनोमा फोरमान होजानाय। This is partly because it takes longer to show results, partly because changes in maternal mortality are much more difficult to measure with the sources of information available at present. बेयो इसे बाहागोयै मानोना बियो जाउनफोर दिनथिनायाव गोबावसिन लायो, इसे बाहागोयै मानोना बिमायारि थैनायनि सोलायनायखौ साननाया दिनैनि इसेल’ फुंखानि खौरांजों गोब्राबसिन। Today, predictably, most maternal deaths occur in the poorest countries. दिनै, बुंजाथाव महरै बांसिन बिमायारि थैनायफोरा गरिबसिन हादोरावनो जायो। Trans-fatty acids (TFAs) are found in hydrogenated oils and fried foods i.e. breads, crackers, cookies, pastries, cereal, infant cereals and formula, potato chips, pudding, frozen foods, fast foods, etc. त्रान्स फेति एसिदा हायद्रजेनेरेतेद थावफोर आरो एवख्रेमनाय खाजाफोर, जेरै, रुति, क्रेकारफोर,कुकिफोर, पेसत्रिफोर, सिरियेलफोर, गोरलैनि सिरियेलफोर आरो फरमुला, आलु चिपफोर, पुदिं, सुहावनाय खाजा, फास्त खाजा, बायदि बायदि फोराव मोनो। Two thirds of newborn deaths occur in the WHO Regions of Africa (28%) and South-East Asia (36%). खावथामनि खावनैबाहागोनि जोनोमजागोदान थैनाया हु ओनसोलनि आफ्रिका(28%) आरो खोला-सानजो एसियायाव(36%) जायो। Well-meaning friends and family sometimes have difficulty understanding your motives when you try to limit the non-nutritious or harmful foods your kids eat. मोजां लुबैग्रा लोगोफोर आरो नखर हा माब्लाबाफोर नोंनि थांखिखौ बुजिनायाव गोब्राब मोननो हागौ जेब्ला नों नोंनि गथखौ मोजां नङै आरो गाज्रि खाजा जानायनिफ्राय होबथायो। What you'll want to do is take an objective look at your final steps in putting your baby to sleep and make some changes if necessary. नों मा खालामनो लुबैगोना थांखि लानो नोंनि जोबथा थांखिनि थाखाय नोंनि गथखौ फुथुनायनि आरो गोनां जायोब्ला माखासे सोलायनोयनि थाखाय। Where the number of births will continue to grow well into the 2020s, even if fertility continues to drop. बेराव जोनोमनि बिबाङा 2020सिमाव बांलांबायथागोन, फारतिलितिया खमायब्लाबो। Where the number of deaths continues to grow, because modest reductions of mortality rates are too small to keep up with the increasing numbers of births. बेराव थैनांयनि बिबाङा बांनायनिफ्राय बांदों, मानोना थैनाय बिबांनि इसे खमायनाया बांनाय बिबांनि जोनोमजों थाफादेरनो जोबोर खम। While the burden of neonatal deaths and stillbirths is very substantial, it is in many ways only part of the problem, as the same conditions that contribute to it also cause severe and often lifelong disability. जेब्ला निअनाताल थैनायफोर आरो स्तिल जोनोमफोरनि बिबाना दाबो बिराद थार, बियो गोबां रोखोमै जेंनानि बाहागोल’, जेरै एखे थासारिफोर जाय गोब्राबथार आरो बांसिन समाव जिउगोलाव मावनो हायै जाहोनाव बिहोमा होयो। While they may feel you are depriving your children, rest assured you have science supporting you. जेब्ला बिसोर साननो हागो दि नों गावनि गथफोरनो खहा होदों, अब्ला नों थारै जिराय दि नोंहा नोंखौ हेफाजाव होग्रा बिगियान दङ। Why is it still necessary for this report to emphasize the importance of focusing on the health of mothers and children, after decades of priority status. जिबोसोर बोसोरफोरनि गोनांथार अबसथानि उनाव बे रादाबनि नारसिनाय दि बिमाफोर आरो गथफोरनि देहायाव नोजोर होनाया दाबोनो मानो गोनां। Worldwide, the number of live births will peak at 137 million per year towards 2015. बुहुमनाङै, गोथां जोनोमनि बिबाङा 2015 थिंजाय बोसोरफ्रोमबो 137 मिलियन जागोन। You may want to use massaging, cuddling, or sleepy-time music to help get your baby to fall asleep. मोदोम नानाय, गोबाख्रबनाय, एबा नोंनि गथखौ उनदुलांनायाव हेफाजाब होनो उनदुनो ओंखारनाय समाव मेथायखौ नों बाहायनो लुबैनो हागौ। Your goals of helping him feel loved and secure while discovering ways to fall asleep without you — without your succumbing to the temptation of letting him cry it out — are admirable. बिखौ अनजानाय आरो खैफोद गैयै मोननायाव हेफाजाब होनाय नोंनि थांखिफोर जेब्ला नों गैयालासै उनदुनायनि लामाफोर नायगिरनाया – नों बिखौ लुबैनायनि खर’गंग्लायनानै गाबहोयैआ- गोसैबो बाखनायजाथाव। A good quality multi-vitamin/mineral supplement will fill in any gaps and help prevent some of the exhaustion many new moms experience. मोनसे मोजां गुननि मालति भितामिन साप्लिमेन्ता खहा जानायफोरखौ थोहोगोन आरो गोबां गोदानै बिमा जानायफोरनि माखासे मेंग्लिनायखौ होबथागोन। AA and DHA are found in great concentrations in the human brain and nervous system. ए.ए आरो दि.एच.ए फोरखौ गोबां बिबाङाव सुबुंनि मेलेम आरो बिसोम बिखानथिआव मोनदों। After a few nights of sitting at the table by themselves until they finished their peas, they learned to eat them without protest. तेबोलाव गाव हारसिङै जिरायनायनि माखासे हरनि उनाव जेब्लासिम बिसोरो मटरखौ फोजोबा, बिसोरो हेंथा गैया लाफानो जानो सोलोङो। All are soothing and healing and calendula has the added benefit of being anti-fungal. गासैबो गोजोन होयो आरो फाहाम होयो आरो केलेनदुलाहा एन्ति फांगाल जानायनि उफ्रा मुलाम्फा दं। All good foods can be treats, but we often think of only junk as such - so use the word judiciously. गासै मोजां जाग्रा मुवाफोरा जाहोजायो नाथाय जों बांसिन समाव बेसेन गोयै मुवाखौलनो सानो, बेनि खायनो सोदोबखौ सानै हयै बाहाय। Although many parents have found ways to temporarily suppress symptoms, many have now become determined to resolve their child’s skin condition altogether. गोबां बिमा-बिफाफोरा बेरामनि सिनखौ दानदिसेनि थाखाय नारसिनायनि राहाखौ मोनदोंब्लाबो, गोबाङानो दानिया गासै गथनि बिगुर बेरामनि थासारिखौ फाहामनो थि खालामबाय। Although this is not actually the case, what we do know is that when water intake is low, a mother's body may not function optimally. बेयो थारैनो जाथाय नङाब्लाबो, जों मा मिथिदों दि जेब्ला दै लोंनाया खमायो, सासे बिमानि मोदोमा मोजाङै हाबा मावा जानो हागौ। As a breastfeeding mother you should feel encouraged that you are doing what is best for your child. सासे आहार दौग्रा बिमा जानानै नों थुलुंगा मोननांगौ दि नों मा खालामदोङा नोंनि गथनि थाखाय साबसिन। Be sure that food is readily available to you in the weeks postpartum, as you will likely discover that you are ravenous. थार खालामदि जाग्रा मुवाफोरखौ नों पस्तपारतामनि सपथायाव थाबैनो मोनो, मानोना नों नुनो मोननो हागौदि नों जासुलि। Be sure that your diet contains optimal amounts of whole grains, and fresh, colourful fruits and vegetables. थार खालामदि नोंनि आहारा मोजां बिबांनि गासै बेगरफोर, आरो गोथां, रं गोनां फिथायफोर आरो मैगंफोर लाफायो। Breakfast is the most important meal of the day for many, if not all, children. गोबांफोरनि थाखाय फुंनि आदारा साननि बयनिख्रुयबो गोनांसिन आहार, बयबो नङाब्लाबो, गथफोरनि थाखाय। Breakfast should contain some protein for lasting energy, helping to offset the midmorning meltdown. जोरनाय गोहोनि थाखाय फुंनि ओंखामाव माखासे प्रतिन थाफानांगौ, सानजौफु समनि मेंनायनि खहा सुफुंनायाव हेफाजाब होनो थाखाय। Breastmilk is a good source of EFAs, and can be especially rich if you are sure to include EFA foods in your diet. बिमानि गायखेरा इ.एफ.एफोरनि मोजां फुंखा, आरो नोंनि आदाराव थारै इ.एफ.ए आदार जाफायोब्ला थारै गोनां जानो हागौ । But even smokers should pursue breastfeeding, as their baby’s lungs actually stand a better chance at being healthy than if they were to be fed formula. थांखु सोबग्राफोराबो आहार दौनायखौ नाजानांगौ, मानोना बिसोरनि गथफोरनि समफ्लफोरा थारैनो देहा गोनांसिन जानायनि साबसिन खाबु थायो, बिसोरखौ बुंफुरलु दौनायमोनब्ला। But some nutrients, such as B6, manganese, iodine, and selenium will continue to accumulate. नाथाय माखासे निउत्रिएन्तफोर जेरै बि सिक्स, मेंगानिस, आयदिन आरो सेलेनिआमा बुथुमनायखौ सोलिलांगोन। Caffeine and alcohol, both very common in the Western diet, are taken in by the infant through milk. केफैन आरो जौ, मोननैयाबो सोनाबारिफोरनि जरखा आदार, गोरलै नो गाखेरजों दौफायो। Chamomile, Plantain, and Calendula are herbs frequently used for skin conditions. चाम-मायल, प्लैतैन आरो केलेनदुलाया बिगुर थासारियाव गले गले बाहायजाग्रा मुलि बिफां। Children can be picky and inconsistent, so make sure that what they do eat is really good for them. गथफोरा बासिग्रा आरो गोरोबलायै जानो हागौ, बेनि खायनो थार खालाम दि बिसोर जे जायो बेयो बिसोरनि थाखाय नंथारगौयैनो मोजां। Children never fit into one mold, and another person’s rules usually need to be modified to fit your family. गथफोरा माबाब्लाबो मोनसे मल्दाव थोआ आरो सरासनस्रायै गुबुन सासे मानसिनि खुंथायफोरा नोंनि नखराव थोनो थाखाय सोलायसल खालामनाङो। Conditions such as eczema, diaper rash, and even the more benign cradle cap are on the rise. एकजेमा, दायपरनि फास्राय खामनाय आरो बेनि बांसिन अननाय गोनां नावद्राफोरनि थासारिया बांदों। Constant scratching will inevitably cause further irritation, and potentially a secondary problem such as a bacterial or fungal infection. खुरबायथानाया बांसिन नागारनो हायै माननायनि जाउन होयो, आरो जानोहाथावै नैथि जेंना, जेरै बेकतेरिया एबा फांगाय गोनां सनदेरग्रा बेराम। During the postpartum period, a diet low in protein may lead to an increase in recovery time. पस्त पारताम समाव, आदाराव खम प्रतिन थानाया हामनाय समखौ बांहोनायाव लामा दिनथिनो हागौ। During the prenatal and neonatal stages, the one substance that plays an important role in growth, neurologic development and function, and learning and behaviour is fat. जोनोमनि सिगां आरो आथिखालनि थाखोफोराव, मोनसे गुबै बाथ्रा जाय देरनाय, निउरलजिक बारायनाय आरो हाबा, आरो सोलोंनाय आरो आखलाव गोनां बाहागो लायो बेयो मेजेम। Eliminating a skin condition takes a great deal more effort than suppressing the symptoms, but the reward is once again seeing that perfect skin on your child. बिगुरनि मोनसे थासारिखौ बोखारनाया, नेरसोनफोर नारसिननायनिख्रुइ गोबांसिन नाजानाय नाङो, नाथाय बानथाया खनसेबाव गावनि गथनाव बि मोजां बिगुरखौ नुनो मोनफिननाय। Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs), (found in nuts, seeds, fish, and greens) are an important part of your diet during both pregnancy and lactation. गोनां फेति एसिदफोरा (इ.एफ.एफोर),(बादाम, बेगरफोर, ना आरो मैगंफोराव मोननाय),गोरबो थानाय आरो आहार दौनाय मोननैबो समनि नोंनि आदारनि गोनांथार खोनदो । Even if your diet is rich in EFAs, the inclusion of TFAs will prohibit their metabolization and neither you nor the baby will receive all possible benefits. नोंनि आहारा इ.एफ.एफोरजों गोनांब्लाबो, ति.एफ.एफोरखौ लाफादेरनाया जिब रासायनारि जाथायखौ हेंथा होयो आरो नोंबो आरो नोंनि गथआबो गोसै मोननांगौ मुलामफाखौ मोननाय नङा। Even with the additional intake of food, you will likely see a reduction in your weight without giving it much thought. उफ्रा आदार जायाब्लाबो, बेखौ बारा सानालाफानो नों गावनि अजनखौ खमायनाय नुनो हागौ। Everything your child eats should be nutritious and really good for his health. नोंनि गथ जानाय गासै आदारफोरा, निउत्रिसन गोनां आरो थारैनो बेनि देहानिथाखाय मोजां जाथारनांगौ। Find these calories in nutrient-dense foods, not high sugar ones. बे केलरिफोरखौ निउत्रिएन्त गोनां आदाराव नायगिर, गोबां सिनि गोनाङाव नङा। For obvious reasons smoking is best avoided, regardless of whether or not you are nursing. नुसारनाय जाहोननि थाखाय थांखु सोबनायखौ होबथानांगौ, सायखआलासै नों आहार दौवो एबा दौवा। If you begin a power struggle over meals, you risk it becoming long-term. नों आदारफोरजों गोहो जुजिनाय जागायजेनदोंब्ला, नों बेखौ गोबाव सम खालामनायनि खैफोद लायो। If your child is suffering from itching or pain, it is best to first try offering immediate relief. नोंनि गथआ माननाय एबा सानायाव दुखु सहायनांदोंब्ला, बेयो जोबोर साबसिन दि नों सेथियाव बेनो गोख्रै गोजोनायखौ होनो नाजा। If your diet is high in Trans-Fatty Acids (TFAs), these too will be passed on to the infant. नोंनि आदारा त्रान्स फेति एसिदफोरजों गोबांब्ला (ति.एफ.एफोर), बेफोरबो गोरलैनाव बारलांफाजोबगोन। In addition to regular dietary sources, EFAs can be taken in supplement form. जाबायथाखाग्रा आदारारि फुंखाफोरनि उफ्रायाव इ.एफ.एफोरखौ साप्लिमेन्त महरै जाजायो। In addition to TFAs, there are other substances in your diet that are passed on to your child. ति.एफ.एफोरनि उफ्रायाव, नोंनि आदारनि गुबुन बाहागोफोराबो गथनाव बारलांफायो। Include at least 4 protein dense servings of food daily (i.e. tofu, nuts, beans, egg, fish, etc.). खमैब्लाबो सामफ्रोमबो मोनब्रै गोबां प्रतिन गोनां आदारखौ जा (जेरै तफु, बादामफोर, सबायबिमाफोर, दावदै, ना, बायदि बायदि)। It is often the parent/caregiver who is deriving pleasure from seeing children gleefully down a non-nutritious treat. बेयो बांसिनैनो बिमा-बिफा / जोथोन-लागिरिसो जाय गथफोरखौ रंजानायजों निउत्रिसन गोयै जाग्राखौ जायै नुब्ला रंजानाय मोनो। It is usually a caregiver that delights in serving a “dessert’ or “treat” more than the two-year-old who probably wouldn’t care otherwise if they’ve never had triple chocolate cake with whipped cream. बेयो सरासनस्रायै जोथोन लागिरिसो जाय गोदै एबा जाग्रा होनानै रंजानाय मोनसिनो, सासे नै बोसोर बैसोनि गथनिख्रुइ जाय जानोहाथावै गोसोहोनाय नङा, बियो माब्लाबाबो त्रिपल चकलेत केकजों विप्त क्रिम मोनजाखैब्ला। It was once thought that the more water you ingested, the more milk you would produce. बेयो सानसे समाव सानजादोंमोन दि बांसिन दै इनजेस्त खालामब्ला नों बांसिन गायखेर सोमजि होनो हागोन । It will more likely foster a respect for healthy eating rather than an unhealthy association with mealtime. जानाय समजों मोजां नङै आदार लाफादेरनायनिख्रुइ बेयो बांसिन मोजां जानायाव थुलुंगा होनो हागौ। Just introduce foods gently time and time again until they try it. आदारफोरखौ जेब्लासिम बिसोर साखिनाया अब्लासिम समय नायनानै दिनथिबाय था। Knowledgeable doctors have begun to counsel patients to continue nursing through a course of pharmaceuticals because they know that the alternatives are worse than the baby receiving a dose of the drug themselves. गियानि दकटरफोरा बेरामिफोरखौ आहार दौनायखौ फारमाकिउतिकेलफोरनि बोहैथि लामाजों सोलिहोबायथानो बोसोन होनाय जागायजेनबाय मानोना बिसोर मिथिगौ दि गुबुन मोनसेया, गोरलैआ मुलिनि फालिखौनो मोनजानायनिख्रुइबो गाज्रिसिन। Learn to follow your child’s rules from time to time... they may surprise you. गावनि गथनि आएनफोरखौ समय नायनानै मानिनो सोलों...बिसोरो नोंखौ गोमो होनो होगौ। Let children learn how to listen to their bodies - many adults have forgotten. गथफोरखौ गावसोरनि देहाफोरखौ खोनासंनो सोलोंनो हो – बांसिन बैसो जानायफोरा बावगारबाय। Let your child have a “creative” meal made up of healthy foods they like, while the rest of the family has their casserole, curry, or stir fry. नोंनि गथनो बिसोर मोजां मोनग्रा मोजां आदारफोरजों बानायजाना, नायनो मोजां आदार जानो हो, जेब्ला नखरनि गुबुन मानसिफोरहा गावसोरनि केसरल, ओंख्रि एबा ना एवनाय दं। Make desserts healthy (not just fun) so that things like fruit, nuts, and yogurt become part of the meal, not the reward for finishing it. गोदै जाग्राखौ मोजां बानाय (रंजानायल नङा), फिथाइ, बादामफोर, आरो गायखेर दाखाफोरा आदारनि बाहागो जानायबायदि, बेखौ फोजोबनायनि बानथाल नङा। Many adult eating disorders began in childhood, and many sufferers can remember these episodes at the dinner table as a child. बांसिन बैसो गोराफोरनि गालाय गुजाय आदार जानाया उनदै बैसोआव जाजेनो, आरो गोबां सहायनांग्राफोरा बेफोर जाथायफारिफोरखौ जाग्रा तेबोलाव उनदै महरै गोसोखाङो। Many mothers worry about the research that has shown breastmilk to be a high source of environmental contaminants (PCBs, DDT, mercury, etc.), and some have doubted the safety of their milk. गोबां बिमाफोरा बे नायबिजिरनायनि दिनथिनायाव जिंगासियो दि बिमानि आहारा थासारि गाज्रि खालामग्राफोरनि गोबां फुंखा आरो माखासेफोरा गायखेरनि रैखाथिगोनां जानायखौ फोथायनो गोब्राब मोनो। Many of us can remember moms putting food on our plates and expecting us to eat it - or not. जोंनि बिमाफोरा जोंनि फ्लेताव आदार होनानै जोंखौ जानो एबा जायैनि आसा खालामनायखौ जोंनि गेजेराव गोबाङा गोसोआव दङ । Many products are suitable for nursing moms and have been used therapeutically when milk supply is deemed low, engorgement is common, or the infant is susceptible to numerous infections. गोबां दिहुनजानाय मुवाफोरा आहार दौग्रा बिमाफोरनि थाखाय मोजां आरो जेब्ला गायखेर गनाया खमायो अब्ला थेरापेउतिकेलि बाहायनाय जादों, उदै देरनाया सरासनस्रा, एबा गोरलैआ गोबां बारदेरग्रा बेरामाव गोरलैयैनो गोग्लैयो। Many signs of the stereotypic “terrible-two” year-old is often hunger. एखेरोखोमनि गोब्राब नै बोसोर बैसोनि गोबां नेरसोनफोरा सरासनस्रायै उखैनाय। Many studies, and many caregivers, will attest to the fact that a good breakfast helps children function better mentally. गोबां नायबिजिरनाय आरो जोथोन लागिरिफोरा बे थार बाथ्राखौ साखि होगोन दि फुंनि जानाया गथफोरखौ मेलेमनि हाबा मावनायाव साबसिन हेफाजाब होयो। Many vitamins will pass through to your milk from your bloodstream and are therefore under your influence. गोबां भितामिनफोरा नोंनि ब्लादस्त्रिमनिफ्राय गायखेरजों बारलाङो आरो बेनिखायनो नोंनि गोहोमनि सिङाव थायो। Missing breakfast can set the tone for their entire day and create a downward spiral of too tired to eat vs. too hungry to nap... and so on. फुंनि जानायखौ मोनजायै जानाया गासै दिननि थाखाय तन थि खालामनो हायो आरो जोबोद जानो बानाय जों जोबोद उखैनायनि थाखाय उनदुनो बानायनि दावनवार्द स्पायरेल सोरजि होयो। Most minerals will not. In some cases the breast has a ‘saturation-point’ by which you can be assured that nutrient levels will not surpass those needed by your child. बांसिन मिनारेलफोरा जानाय नङा. माखासे जाथायाव आबुहा बुंफावनायनि खोनदो दङ, जायजों नों थारै बुंनो हागोन दि निउत्रिएन्त खोनदोफोरा नोंनि गथनि मोननांगौनिख्रुइ साबसिन जानाय नङा। Never insist that they try something they don’t want to, and certainly never insist that they finish their plate. बिसोरखौ माब्लाबाबो दानारसिन दि बिसोरो माबा मोनसेयाव नाजाथों जायखौ बिसोरो मोजां मोना, जरखायै गावसोरनि प्लेतनि आदार फोजोबनायखौ। Nevertheless, we do know that lactating requires extra protein in the mother’s diet. अब्लाबो जों मिथिखायो दि आहार दौग्रा बिमाफोरनो आदाराव उफ्रा प्रतिन नांगौ। Obviously the best place to get your nutrients is from the food you eat. नोंथारगौवै नोंनि निउत्रिएन्तफोरखौ मोननायनि साबसिन जायगाया, नों जानाय आदारनिफ्रायनो। Our children know best more often than we give them credit for. जों बिसोरनि मुंदांखा खालामनायनिख्रुइ जोंनि गथफोरा बांसिन सरासनस्रायै साबसिन मिथिगौ। Prevention is the key because a miserable child often won’t eat, and you won’t obtain your objective of feeding them well. होबथानाया उनसोलोंनायनि फिननाय, मानोना सासे दुखुनांथाव गथआ सरासनस्रायै जानाय नङा आरो नों बिखौ मोजाङै जाहोनायनि गावनि थांखिखौ मोननाय नङा। Producing enough milk to feed a rapidly growing child can take a lot of energy - about 500 calories each day. सासे गोख्रैयै देरफुनाय गथनो दौनो थोजासे गायखेर दिहुननाया गोबां गोहो लानो हागौ – बाजौ केलरि सामफ्रोमबो फ्राम। Rapid weight loss (more than 2-4 pounds per month after the first four weeks) may signal that you are not eating enough calories to both keep yourself healthy and produce milk for your baby. गोख्रै अजन खमायनाया (सिगांनि ब्रै सपथानि उनिफ्राय दानमोनफ्रोमबो नै –ब्रै पाउन्दनि बांसिन) इंगित होनो हागौ दि नोङो मोननैबो, गावखौ देहागोनां दोननो आरो गावनि गोरलैनो थोजासे गायखेर दौवनो थोजासे केलरि जायाखै। Respecting that your child’s tastebuds and moods are as different from yours as is your spouse’s, or your neighbour’s means learning to break the rules of the “family meal” from time to time. नोंनि गथनि जानो लुबैनाय आरो गोसोफोरा नोंनि आरो नोंनि बिसायनि, एबा नोंनि नसुंसेयारिजों गोरोबलायैनि ओंथिया नखर आदारनि नियमखौ समय नायनानै सोलायनो सोलोंनाय। Scientists have discovered a source of liquid gold, for decades they have tried to dismantle, analyze, and recreate this amazing substance - to no avail. बिगियानगिरिफोरा मोनसे बोहैग्रा सनानि फुंखाखौ नागिरना दिहुनदोंमोन, जि बोसोर बोसोरनिफ्राय खोनदो खोनदो खालामनो नाजादोंमोन, बिजिरदोंमोन, आरो बे सोमोनांथाव मुवाखौ सोमजिहोफिननो नाजादोंमोन – नाथाय जेबो सुबिदा मोनाकसै। Shortly after giving birth, chemical messages are sent throughout a woman’s body, instructing it to produce breastmilk. जोनोम होनायनि दसे उनावनो, हिनजावनि गासै देहायाव रासायनिक खौरां हरो जाय बेखौ गायखेर दिहुननो फोरोङो। Small amounts in your diet, timed around nursing sessions (if predictable) are usually not a problem. नोंनि आदाराव फिसा बिबांफोर, आदार दौनाय समयफोरनि (बुखाजाथावब्ला) सोरगिदिङा जेबो जेंना नङा। So long as it is healthy, and doesn’t happen every night of the week, letting a child choose their own meals usually won’t create the problems our parents thought it would. जोंनि बिमा बिफाफोरा जेरै सानगौमोन, जेब्लासिम बेयो मोजां, आरो सपथानि सानफ्रोमबो हराव जाया, गथखौ गावनि आदार बासिहोनाया सरासनस्रायै जेबो जेंना सोमजि होआ। Some mothers will experience an intense thirst as their baby latches on. माखासे बिमाफोरा जोबोर गांनाय मोनगोन जेरै बिसोरनि गथआ बिसोरजों बाखथाबो। Some studies had determined that the protein content of breastmilk could be enhanced with an increase in dietary protein, while other more complete studies make no such correlation. माखासे नायबिजिरनायफोरा थिरां खालामदोंमोन दि बिमानि गायखेराव मोननाय प्रतिना आदाराव गोबां प्रतिन जाब्ला बारायनो हायो, आरो गुबुन माखासे सावसिन आबुं नायबिजिरनाया बेबायदि जेबो सोमोनदो दिनथिया। Some tummies are really good at letting their owners know when to eat, and how much to eat. माखासे उदैफोरा गावनि बिगोमाफोरखौ माब्ला जानो आरो बिसिबां जानोखौ जोबोर मोजाङै मिथि होयो। Taking good care of yourself and eating a healthy diet will help you meet the demands of your nursing relationship. गावनि जोबोर मोजां जोथोन लानाय आरो मोजां आदार जानाया नोंनि आहार दौनाय सोमोनदोनि मोनथायखौ लाखिगोन। TFAs, which are found in hydrogenated oils and processed foods, have been linked to cardiovascular risk, neurological underdevelopment, and other life-long risks in children. ति.एफ.एफोर जायखौ हाद्रजेनेरेतेद थावफोर आरो फारिखानथियै दिहुनजानाय आदारफोरा कारदियवासकुलार खैफोदजों सोमोनदो दिनथिजादों, निउरलजिकेल बांनोरोङै, आरो गथफोरनाव गुबुन जिउ-गोलाव जेंना। That way if they end up having two bites of potato for dinner, you can be confident that they at least had a great dinner, snack, etc. बेबायदियै बिसोरो जोबनायाव हरनि आदारनि थाखाय अरगानै आलु जायोब्ला, नों साहस मोननो हागोन दि खमैब्लाबो बिसोरो जोबोर मोजां हरनि आदार आरो स्नेक, बायदि बायदि मोनजाबाय। The composition of fat found in your milk is highly variable and very much under the influence of your diet. नोंनि गायखेराव मोननाय मेजेमनि बिबाङा गोख्रोङै सोलायनो हागौ आरो गोख्रोङै नोंनि आदाराव गोहोम दङ। The extra fluid you are creating must be supported with additional fluids in your diet. नों दिहुननाय उफ्रा बिदैआ नोंनि आदाराव उफ्रा बिदै थानायाव सोनारना दं जानो हागौ। The growing reality for many parents, however, is learning to help their children cope with irritating and sometimes disfiguring skin disorders. गोबां बिमा-बिफाफोरनि जौनाय सैथोथिया, जायखि जाया, गथफोरखौ मानलुनाय आरो नायनो गाज्रि जानाय बिगुरनि बेरामजों मोगा-मोगि जाहोनायाव हेफाजाब होनो सोलोंबाय। The influx of fortified foods on the market, however, will likely decrease the need for any additional supplementation if they are included in your diet regularly. हाथायाव रैखाथि खालामजानाय आदारफोर स-स फैनाया, जायखि जाया राहायै, नोंनि आदाराव सानफ्रोमबो लाफादेरोब्ला जायखि-जाया उफ्रा साप्लिमेन्तेसननि गोनांथिया खमायगोन। The mechanisms involved in its production are mind-boggling, as are the various benefits it provides to the infant. बेखौ दिहुननायाव सरजाबफानाय मावराहाफोरा गोसोखौ गोनोगोथो खालामो आरो गोरलैनो होनाय गोबां मुलामफायाबो। The only known source of this magical fluid is a mother’s breast, and it’s not giving up its secrets easily. बे जादुगोनां बिदैनि फुंखाया बिमानि आबुल, आरो बियो गावनि गुमुरफोरखौ गोरलैयै नागारा। The parent EFAs (linoleic acid and linolenic acid) are converted into arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). पेरेन्त इ.एफ.एफोरा (लिनलैक एसिद आरो लिनलेनिक एसिद) आराखायदनिक एसिद (ए.ए), ऐकसापेनतानयक एसिद (इ.पि.ए) आरो दकसाहेकसानयक एसिदआव सोलाय जादों। The point is to get them to eat healthfully, not develop an association between food and control. बेनि जाहोना बिसोरखौ मोजां जाहोनायसो, आदार आरो होबथानायनि गेजेराव सोमोनदो खालामलायनाय नङा। The protein found in your breastmilk is easily and quickly digested. बिमानि आहाराव मोननाय प्रतिना गोरलैयै आरो गोख्रैयै हजम जायो। The protein has the perfect amino acid profile for growth, one which is unique to human milk. प्रतिनहा देरनायनि थाखाय साबसिन एमिन एसिदनि महर दं जाया मानसिनि गायखेराव सरासनस्रा। There is not much room in that little tummy, think carefully before filling it with junk. बे फिसा उदैआव बारा जायगा गैया बेनिखायनो बेखौ जांकजों बुंहोनायनि सिगां मोजाङै सान। There were few struggles back then because children quickly learned that if they didn’t eat what was served to them, they would go hungry. सिगाङाव इसे जुजिनांनाय जादों मानोना गथफोरा गोख्रैयै रोंथारदों दि बिसोरो जेखौ होनाय जादों बेखौ जायाब्ला, बिसोरो उखैनांगोन। Therefore drinking approximately 8-10 glasses, but no more, of water each day is very important. बेनिखायनो सानफ्रोमबो दायन – जि गिलाससिम दै लोंनाय,नाथाय बेनि बांसिन नङैआ जोबोर गोनां। They are thought to be part of the reason why the human brain has developed advanced cognitive abilities beyond that of most other mammals. बेफोरो बे जाहोननि बाहागो होनना सानजादोंमोन दि मानो मानसिनि मेलेमा गुबुन मेमालफोरनिख्रुइ जौगासार सानगोहो रोंथायफोरखौ साबसिनै मोनदों । Thiamin, B12, folic acid, and Vitamin D are crucial to infant development and have been observed to be dangerously low in some women. थिआमिन, बि12, फलिक एसिद आरो भितामिन दिफोरा गोरलै देरनायनि थाखाय गोब्राब आरो नायना मोनदों दि माखासे आयजोफोरनाव गिख्रंथाव महरै खम। Thiamin, B12, folic acid, and Vitamin D may be important supplements to consider if you are at all concerned that your diet does not include enough. थिआमिन, बि12, फलिक एसिद आरो भितामिन दिफोरा सानना नायजाथाव गोनां साप्लिमेन्तफोर जानो हागौ, नों इसेबो जिंगासियोब्ला दि नोंनि आदारा थोजासे लाफादेराखै। This is one reason why developing healthy eating habits early is so important. बेयो मोनसे जाहोन दि मानो मोजां जानायनि हुदाखौ थाब लानाया जोबोर गोनां। Through diet we can increase its potential and help ensure that it is of the highest possible quality. आदारजों जों बेनि गोहोखौ बांहोनो हायो आरो थार खालामनायाव हेफाजाब होनो हायो दि बेयो साबसिन जानोहाथाव गुननि। Unfortunately the baby’s immature liver will have difficulty processing these chemicals, even if no outward signs of ingestion are visible (irritability, sleeplessness, etc.). खाफालगैयालासैनो सासे गथनि देरथयै बिखाया बेफोर रासायनखौ फारिखानथि खालामनि गोब्राब जागोन, सायाव जेबो इनजेसननि नेरसोनफोर नुनो मोनाब्लाबो (बोराबबायथानाय, उनदुनो ओंखारै, बायदि बायदि)। Vegan mothers should definitely watch their intake of vitamins B12 and D as these are typically found in animal foods. वेगान बिमाफोरा गावसोरनि भितामिन बि12 आरो दिनि जानायखौ नायथारनांगौ मानोना बेफोर नेरसोनथि गोनाङै जुनारनि आदारफोराव मोनो। Water is a sharp realization to a new mother that all of the liquid coming out of her infant (which can sometimes seem copious!) had to enter via her breast milk. सासे बिमा जागोदाननि थाखाय दैआ मोनसे जोबोर गोनां बुजिमोननाय दि गासिबो दै जाय बिनि गथनिफ्राय गदों बेफोर गासैबो बिनि गायखेरजोंनो हाबजोबनांदों। We may never know how to replicate breastmilk, and we are only just beginning to understand its value. जों माब्लाबाबो बिमानि आहारखौ सोलायनो रोङा जानो हागौ, आरो जों दासो बेनि गोनांथिखौ बुजि मोननो जागाय जेनदों। What is important to recognize is that what is found (or not found) in the alternatives to breastmilk is far more dangerous than these chemicals. माखौ सिनायनाया गोनांआ दि बिमानि आहारनि अनगायै गुबुन मोनसे जायखौ मोनदों (एबा मोनाखै) बेयो रासायननिख्रुइबो गाज्रिसिन। When a parent visualizes their unborn child, they usually picture soft, perfect skin - smooth and unblemished. जेब्ला सासे बिमा - बिफाया गावनि जोनोम जाथयै गथखौ सानो, सरासनस्रायै बियो गुरै, साबसिन, स्लिम आरो दाग गोयै बिगुरखौ सानो। While most studies lean toward school age children, this fact should be applied to babies and toddlers as well. जेराव गोबां नायबिजिरनाया स्कुलाव थांग्रा गथफोरनि बैसोफोरनि थिंजाय सोनारो, बे सैथोखौ गोरलैफोर आरो रायलायनो रोंस्लिंनायफोरनावबो खाथायनांगौ। Within hours of a meal, the type of fat you consumed will become the predominant fat in your milk. आदार जानायनि माखासे घनटा उनावनो, नों जानाय मेजेमा नोंनि गायखेराव गोहोमगोनां मेजेम जागोन। Your child can derive smiles and joy from many other places - it doesn’t have to be junk food. नोंनि गथआ गोबां गुबुन जायगाफोरनिफ्राय रंजानाय आरो मिनिनाय मोननो हायो – बेयो जांक आदारलनो जालाय नाङा। A combination of the above herbs has proven an effective substitute for children. गोजौनि दाजाबजानाय मुलै बिफांफोरा ग’थफोरनि थाखाय गोहोमगोनां सोलायथाव फोरमान जायो। A proper diagnosis will give you more confidence in the remedies you choose. थि बेराम सिनायनायया (डायेग्नचिच) नोंनि फाहामनाय बासिनाययाव नोंनो बांसिन फोथायनाय होगोन। A vaporizer used in the room where your child sleeps, or some time spent in a steamy bathroom before bed can help too. खथायाव बाहायजानाय खफ’खालामग्रा जेराव नोंनि ग’थ उन्दुयो, एबा खफ’जों बुंफबनाय दुगैग्रायाव उन्दुनायनि सिगां दसे सम खाथायोब्लाबो हेफाजाब होगोन। Adjust the upper portion of the bed so that it slopes down toward their feet by placing something under the mattress or the legs of the bed. बैसांनि खर’साखौ गोरोबहो,गादी (तसब) सिंयाव एबा बैसांनि आथिंयाव माबामुवा दोननानै,जाहाते बियो बिसिनि आथिं थिंजै गाहायथिं खंस्लाय जालांयो। All will moisturize the skin from the inside out and aid the body in eliminating toxins and waste material. गासैबो बिगुरखौ सिं-सा निफ्राय सिदोब खालामगोन आरो बिसफोर आरो गाज्रि मुवाफोरखौ होखारनाययाव देहाखौ हेफाजाब होगोन। Alternately you could use a heat pack filled with flax seeds, buckwheat, or rice. बिनि फालायाव नों फ्लेक्स बेगरफोर, बाकहुइट, एबा माइजों सोजानाय गुदुं पेख बाहायनो हागोन। An elimination diet is usually necessary to detect which foods, if any, are causing problems for your child. एंगारनाय आहारा सरासनस्रायै गोनां, बबेबा आदारफोरखौ हमनो थाखाय, जुदि ओबेबाया नोंनि ग’थनि थाखाय जेंना जाहोयो। Avoiding potentially allergenic soaps, shampoos, perfumes, and laundry detergents is especially important. गोहो गोनां मानग्रा साबुन, सेमपु, पारफिउम आरो सिसुग्रा कारखानानि डिटार्जनखौ नागारनाया जुनियायै गोनां। Bach Flower Remedies will address the emotional component of a child’s skin condition. बेच्च बिबार फाहामनाया गथनि बिगुर थासारिनि आबेगयारि थाफानायखौ सिनायथिगोन। Be wary of practitioners who put nursing moms or small children on very restrictive elimination diets. जाय आहार जाहोग्रा बिमा एबा ग’थफोरखौ जोबोद आहार एंगारनायनि हेंथा होयो बेफोर फोलांगियारि निफ्राय सांग्रां जाना था। Because the body is so busy trying to ward off the ‘invader’, it is incapable of appropriately dealing with a bacterial overgrowth that may occur in the warm moist environment of the middle ear. मानोना नाख्रेबग्राखौ फुहरनो नाजानायनि थाखाय मोदोमा जोबोद मुखुब, बियो बिजानु देरद्रायनायजों थि लेनदेन खालामनो हायाखसै जाय खोमा गेजेरनि दुंब्रुत गिसि थासारियाव जानो हागौ। Both bottle-fed and breast-fed babies can absorb evening primrose or borage oil directly though their skin. मोननैबो बथलजों दौजानाय आरो बिमानि आहार दौजानाय खुदियाफोरा मोनाबिलि प्रिमरज एबा बरेज थावखौ गावसिनि बिगुरजों गोथोंयै सोबखांनो गायो। Both will help the skin heal itself and stimulate the body’s healing capabilities. मोननैआबो बिगुरखौ गावबागाव फाहामहोनो हेफाजाब होगोन आरो देहानि फाहामहोनाय गोहोफोरखौ सांग्रा खालामो। Breastfed babies obtain their EFAs through breastmilk, so nursing mothers would do best taking additional supplements such as evening primrose, borage, or flax seed oil. बिमानि आहार दौजानाय खुदियाफोरा इ एफ एसखौ बिमानि गायखेर निफ्राय मोनो, बिनिखायनो, आहार जाहोग्रा बिमाफोरा मोनाबिलि प्रिमरज, बरेज, एबा फ्लेक्स बेगरनि थाव बायदि उफ्रा मुवा लायोब्ला साबसिन जागोन। Breastfeeding mothers should consider altering their own diets as well. आहार दौग्रा बिमाफोराबो बिसोरनि गावबागावनि आदारखौबो गनायनानै सोलाय-सोल खालामनांगौ। But a subsequent side effect can be the proliferation of yeast (Candida) in the body. नाथाय उनाव जागोननि गाज्रि फिन जाथायया देहायाव गोबां फेनफोना (खेनदिदा) जानो हागौ। Children may have difficulty sleeping when their skin is itchy and sore, but sleep is vital in helping the body heal itself. ग’थफोरा उन्दुनायाव गोब्राब जानो हागौ जेब्ला बिसोरनि बिगुरा मानो आरो सायो, नाथाय उन्दुनायया गोनांथार देहाखौ गावबागाव फाहामनो थाखाय हेफाजाब होयो। Choose clothing for your child that is ‘breathable’ and non-irritating. नोंनि गथनि थाखाय जे सिया हांलानोहाखाव आरो मानस्लु-सास्लु नङैखौ बासि। Colourful fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and vegetable proteins will provide the nutrients needed for cell growth and immune functioning. गाबगोनां फिथाइफोर आरो मैगंफोर, गासैबो बेगरफोर आरो मैगं फ्रटिनफोरा, जिबदेहानि जिबख्रि देरनाय आरो रैखाथि खामानिनि थाखाय आदार जागायो। Dairy seems to be the most common culprit and therefore is often the first to be tested. गाइखेरनि कारबार खालामग्रा जायगायानो बांसिन जाथाव दायगिरि नुजायो आरो बेनिथाखाय सिगांआवनो आनजाद नायजायो। Dairy, wheat, corn, egg, soy, citrus fruits, and chocolate are the most common triggers. गाइखेरनि मुवा, गम, जुंखाम, दावदै, सय, गोखै फिथाइ, आरो सकक्लेट फोरानो बांसिन जाथाव जाहोग्रा। Dip a soft cloth in very warm water or tea and wring it out. गुरै सिखौ जोबोद दै गुदुंआव एबा सायाव सोम आरो बेखौ सेबनानै दिहिन। Discontinue if massage causes your child too much discomfort. दोनथ जुदि नानायया नोंनि गथखौ बाराद्राय गोजोनायगैयै खालामोब्ला। Don’t be surprised to see other changes in your child once the offending food or foods have been eliminated. नोंनि ग’थनि आलदा सोलायनायखौ नुनानै गोमोथाव दाजा जेब्ला आदारखौ रागाजोंङो एबा आदारफोरा एंगारजाखांबाय। Ear infections are one of the most common reasons antibiotics are prescribed to children. खोमा बेराम बारस्लायनायफोरा मोनसे बांसिन जाथाव जाहोनफोर जायनिथाखाय जिवसा बुथारग्राफोरा गथफोरनो बिथोनहोजाबाय। Easily converted into simple sugars, refined grain products such as white rice, bread, and pasta may contribute to an overgrowth of yeast. गोरलैयैनो, सहज सिनिफोर, सोदांनाय बेगरनि मुवाफोराव सोलायजानाय जेरै माइरं गुफुर, फावरुथि, आरो पासटाया फेनफेना देरद्रायनाययाव दाजाबदेरफायोगोन। Environmental sensitivities and allergies are harder to avoid, but important to identify. थासारि सोमोनदयै मोनदांथि गोनां आरो मानस्लुनायफोरा एंगारनो गोब्राब, नाथाय सिनायथिनो गोनां। Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs) are critical to the health of our skin. इछेनचियेल फेटि एसिदसफोरा (गोनांथार मेजेमगनां एसिद) (इ एफ एस) जोंनि बिगुरनि देहानिथाखाय दायहमथाव। Evening Primrose Oil and Borage Oil are both useful for reducing inflammation and relieving discomfort. मोनैबो मोनाबिलि प्रिमरज थाव आरो बरएज थावफोरा खामनायखौ खमायनो आरो उसुखुथुखौ सुग्लायहोनाययाव गोनां। Food allergies will need to be identified and avoided until the body is reasonably strong enough to resist an inappropriate immune response. जब्लासिम देहाया जुक्तिगोनां गोरा जाया, खापजायै निराफोद फिननायखौ होबथानोहाजासिम मानग्रा आदारफोरा सिनायजानांगोन आरो नागारजानांगोना गोनां। Food sensitivities and allergies are common amongst sufferers of skin disorders. आदार सांग्रांफारा आरो हांगोबोरफोरा बिगुर बेरामफोरनि गेजेराव जाथाव भुगिग्रा। Foods rich in zinc include soy beans, wheat germ, and pumpkin seeds. जाय आदारफोरा जिंखयाव गोनां, सयाबिन(सबायबिमा), गम जोरम, आरो जोगोनाथ बेगरफोरा थाफायो। For many young children, ear infections become recurrent and difficult to avoid. गोबां उन्दै ग’थफोरनो, खोमानि बेराम बारदेरनायया जाफ्लेबाय थायो आरो एंगारनो गोब्राब जाबाय। Garlic is effective in combating infections including those that are fungal. Include plenty in your child’s diet. सामब्रामगुफुर बारदेरग्रा बेरामफोरजों लोगोसे मैखुन बारग्राफोरजोंबो जुजिनाययाव जाउनगोनां। नोंनि ग’थनि आदाराव गोबां सोदेरपा। Hats, in particular, can aggravate scalp conditions if they restrict air-flow for too long or trap moisture. बिसेसयै, थफिफोरा खर’मोदोमनि थासारिखौ गाज्रिसिन खालामनोहागौ जुदि बिसोरो बार-बारनायखौ गोबाव हेंथा होयो एबा सिदोबनायखौ फानना लायो। Herbal nervines such as catnip, passionflower, skullcap, chamomile, and valerian will better help your child relax and lessen the pain and itching. बोलो होग्रा मुलै बिफांफोर जेरै केटनिप, पेस्सन बिबार, स्खालखेप, खेममाइल, आरो भेलिरियाना नोंनि गथखौ आराम आरो सानाय आरो माननायखौ खमायनो साबसिन हेपाजाब होयो। Hummous, garlic bread, sauces and dips are great vehicles for fresh garlic. हिउमास, सामब्रामगुफुरनि फावरुति, स’चआरो सोमजाग्राफोरा, थाजिम सामब्राम गुफुरनिथाखाय गेदेर साननाय-हनायखौ फोरमायनायनि बिजों। If the lymph nodes (glands) are swollen, lightly massage them using the same essential oil blend to help them drain and to relieve discomfort. जुदि लिमफ नडफोरा (देहानि गानथिफोर) बुयो, बिसोरखौ लासोइयैनोएखे गोनां थावजोंना जाय गलायमेनदेरै बिसोरखौ बोहैलांनायाव हेफाजाब होयो आरो उसुखुथुखौ सुग्लायहोयो। If the pain is caused by congestion, particularly that associated with a cold, keep the mucous thinned by having your child drink very warm herbal teas such as lemon balm, catnip, spearmint, ginger, and/or licorice root. जुदि सानायया जमा जानायनिथाखाय जायोब्ला, थियैनो गगाजों सोमोनदोयैब्ला, गुंग्रायखौ इसेलयैनो दोननोथाखाय, नोंनि गथखौ जोबोद दुंब्रुत मुलै बिफांनि साहा लोंहो जेरै नारें बाल्म, खेटनिप, पुदिना लाइफां, हाइजें, आरो/एबा लातुमनि बिफांनि रोदा। If your child complains of ear pain, hearing loss, is unable to lie flat, wakes frequently at night, is extremely fussy, has a fever, or has fluid draining from his/her ear, you should see a physician. जुदि नोंनि ग’थआ खोमा सानाय, खोनायैनि अजद होयोब्ला दाबले उन्दुनो हाया, मोनायाव खनले खनले सिखारो, जोबोद खेंखायो, लमजानाय दङब्ला, एबा बेनि खोमानिफ्राय लाथा गयोब्ला, नोंयो दाखटारखौ नायनांगोन। If your child has ever been treated with antibiotics, you will likely witness a greater susceptibility to fungal infections until the probiotics are re-established in the gut. नोंनि गथआ माब्लाबाफोर एनतिबायतिकफोरजों फाहामजाबायब्ला, फांगाया बांसिन गोरलैयै सननायखौ नों साखि होनांनो हागौ जेब्लासिम प्रबायतिकफोरा नारियाव आरोबाव गोदानै गासनजाफिना। In infants and young children the eustachian tube is shorter and lays in a more horizontal position (over time it will develop a more downward angle). गोरलैफोर आरो उनदै गथफोरनाव एउस्ताचियान नोलिआ गुसुंसिन आरो बांसिनै हरायजनतेल जागायाव थायो। It can become extremely difficult to feed a child a restricted diet if they are already a picky eater. बियो जोबोद गोब्राब जानो हागौ, गथखौ सिमा गोनां आदार जाहोनो थाखाय जुदि बिसोरो आगेनिफ्रायनो खायसित जाग्रा। It is best to work with a practitioner who can help you identify problematic foods while still ensuring that a healthy diet is maintained. बिदि फोलांगियारिजों मावनो साबसिन जाय नोंखौ जेंनागोनां आदारफोरखौ सिनायथिनायाव हेफाजाब होयो अब्लाबो बे समावनो थार खालामो दे देहागोनां आदारखौ लाखिनांगौ। It is known that many cases would have otherwise resolved themselves without treatment, and many practitioners recognize that repeat prescriptions are more common once antibiotics have been administered. बियो मिनथिजाबायदि गोबां अबस्थाया नङाब्ला गाववानिगाव नायजायाबोला जेंना बोस्रांजागौमोन, आरो गोबां फोलांगियारिफोरा बांसिन जाथाव जेब्ला जिवसा बुथारग्राफोरा होजायो। Keep your child’s environment reasonably free of environmental allergens by cleaning often, using hypoallergenic materials in the bedroom, and installing an air filter. नोंनि गथनि थासारिखौ थासारिनि मानहोग्रानिफ्राय बानगोनांयैनो उदां दोन, खनले खनले मानजिनानै, हाइपएलारजिनिख मुवाफोरखौ उन्दुग्रा खथायाव बाहायनानै, आरो फसरग्रा गायसननानै। Keep your child’s skin exposed to fresh air and moderate amounts of sunshine whenever possible. नोंनि गथनि बिगुरखौ थाजिम बाराव आरो नेमनि बिबांफोरनि साननि बिदुंयाव जेब्लानाखि हायो दिनथिना दोन। Life changes such as starting daycare or school, moving to a new house, or the arrival of a new sibling often correspond with flare-ups. जिवा सोलाइयो जेरै सानाव-ग’थ-नायग्रा एबा फराइसालियाव हाबजेननाय, न’गोदानाव थांजेननाय, एबा बिनानाव-फंबाइ गोदाननि फैनायया गले गले हरखाब खाब्रां जानायजों गोरोबो। Many children will get pain relief from a warm compress placed over the affected ear. खोमा सानाय सायाव, दुंब्रुत नारसेबना दोनोब्ला गोबां ग’थफोरा सानायनिफ्राय सुग्लायनाय मोनो। Many parents are directed to apply strong anti-fungal creams to their child’s skin. गोबां बिमा-बिफाफोरा गथनि बिगुराव गोख्रों मैखुम-बारनोरोंयै मलम फुननो थिनजायो। Massage from along the back of the ear down toward the jaw line in repeated strokes. खोमा खितुनिफ्राय खखाप गाहायसिम खनले खनले बिलिरनानै ना। Massaging around the ear can help the fluid drain into the Eustachian tube and provide some pain relief. खोमानि सोरगिदिं नानाया दैबायदिखौ इउसथेसिआन हासुंयाव बोहैलांनो हेफाजाब होयो आरो सानायखौ इसे सुग्लायहोनो जागायो। Mothers should also consider breastfeeding for as long as possible - especially if their child is susceptible to skin problems. बिमाफोराबो आहार दोउनायखौ इसिनो गोबाव जानोहाथावसिम सानना नायनांगोन-जुनियायै जुदि बिसिनि गथआ इसेयावनो बिगुराव जेंना नांङो। Occasionally a child may be sensitive to more than one thing in their diet and detective work becomes more crucial. माब्लाबा गथआ गावसिनि आदाराव मोनसे निफ्राय बांसिन थदगोनां जानो हागौ आरो गुमुर संग्रा खामानिया बांसिन गोनां जायो। Occasionally the problem can be simpler resolved with the addition of something that may have been otherwise lacking. माब्लाबा जेंनाया गोरलैयैनो बोस्रां जायो माखौबा दाजाबदेरनानै, जाय नङाब्ला आंखाल जानानै दंमोन। Older children can get their EFAs from foods such as fish, nuts, seeds, flax seed oil, and leafy greens. देरसिन ग’थफोरा गावसिनि इएफएसखौ आदारफोर निफ्राय मोनो जेरै ना, बादामफोर, बेगरफोर, फ्लेक्स बेगरनि थाव, आरो गोथां बिलायफोर। Once a food has been completely eliminated, observe any changes in your child’s skin. जेब्ला आदारा गासैबो एंगारजाबाय, नोंनि ग’थनि बिगुराव जिखिजाया सोलायनायखौ नोजोर हो। Other concerns such as mold and dust are harder to avoid. गुबुन सिनथाफोरा जेरै मैखुन आरो हाद्रिफोरा एंगारनो गोब्राबसिन। Other remedies may be useful, depending on the needs of the child. गुबुन फाहामनायफोरा खामानियाव गोनां जानो हागौ, ग’थनि नांगौनि सायाव। Others may provide more immediate relief, but it will be short-lived unless the ‘big picture’ is addressed. गुबुनफोरा बांसिमथाब सुग्लायहोनो जगायना होनोहागौ, नाथाय बियो दसेनिथाखायल जागोन ‘गिदिर सावगारिया’ मिनथिजायाब्ला। Parents will often use over-the-counter pharmaceuticals such as Benedryl for relief and to induce sleep. बिमा-बिफाफोरा, मुलै बानायना खनले खनले ........बहायगोन जेरै सुग्लायनाय निथाखाय बेनाद्रिल, आरो उन्दु होनो थाखाय। Probiotics, commonly referred to as acidophilus, will help support the child’s immune system and is effective in combating a fungal (yeast) infection. प्र’बाय’टिख्स ,जेब्लाबो एचिड’पिलास होनो मिनथिजानायया ग’थनि निराफोद देहाखौ सुंथानाययाव हेफाजाब होगोन आरो मैखुन (फेनफेना ओंखारनाय) बारस्लायनायनि जुजिनायाव जाउनगोनां। Prop your child’s head up at a 30 degree angle while lying down. नोंनि ग’थनि खरखौ गोजौयै 30 जखा ख’ना सुंथा जेब्ला गेलेमयो। Refined Foods and Sugar are nutritionally unnecessary and detrimental to your child. फसरजानाय आदारफोर आरो सिनिया साइसथगोनां गोनां नङा आरो नोंनि गथनि थाखाय हानिगोनां। Rescue Remedy Cream can bring quick relief to raw and irritated skin. बासायग्रा फाहामग्रा मलमा, गाराय आरो बिगुरनि मानस्लु सास्लुखौथाबनो सुग्लाय होनो हागौ। Seasonal allergies (hay fever) and sensitivities to household allergens such as dust, mold, pet dander, etc. may do two things first, reduce your child’s immune capabilities and second, illicit an allergic response that results in the swelling and blocking of the Eustachian tubes. बोथोरनि मानहोग्रा (हे लोमजानाय) आरो नखरनि मानहोग्राफोर मोंदांथिगोनां जेरै हाद्रि, मैखुन, नोंनि जुनारखौ थाबायग्लांहोनाय, बायदि बायदिफोरा मोननै हाबा मावनो हागौ, सेथि, नोंनि ग’थनि निराफोद मावफुंनो हानाय गोहोखौ खमाययो आरो नैथि, आइननि बेरेखा माननायनि फिननाय जाय बुनायनि जाउन आरो इउसथेसिआन हासुंफोरखौ बाथेयो। Secondhand smoke has been proven by research to increase a child’s risk of ear infections. नाइबिजिरनायजों फोरमान जाबायदि,बाहायखोनदा उखुनदैया गथनि खोमानि बेराम गोसारनायनि बिबानखौ बाराययो। Sensitivities to pollen, mold, pet dander, dust, and food proteins may trigger reoccurring ear infections. बिबारनि हायना नांनाय, मैखुन, ननि जुनारखौ थाबायग्लांनाय, हाद्रि आरो प्र’टिन गोनां आदारफोराव मोनदांथि गोनांब्ला, खोमा बेराम गोसारनायखौ जाफिननायनि जाहोनजानो हागौ। Should this tube become blocked, infection can readily develop in the middle ear and the subsequent fluids are trapped. बे हासुंआ बाथे जानांगौ नामा, बेरामबारसलायग्राया खोमा गेजेराव थाबैनो देरो आरो उननि दैबायदिया थाबथाजाबाय। Some solutions, such as becoming more aware of food allergens, take time and persistence. माखासे solutions, जेरै मानहोग्रा आदारनिफ्राय बांसिन सांग्रा जानायया, समाय लायो आरो सोलिबायथायो। Some such as second-hand-smoke, animal dander, and household cleaners are easy to eliminate and control for most households. माखासे जेरै बाहायखोनदा उखुनदै, जुनार थाबायग्लांनाय आरो नखर साफा खालामग्राफोरा एंगारनो गोरलै आरो बांसिन नखर निथाखाय दबथायनाय। Soups, teas, and water will keep your child hydrated. बिदैफोर, साहाफोर, आरो दैया नोंनि गथनि देहाखौ दै गोनां खालामना दोनगोन। Stress and anxiety are common triggers, and until addressed will continue to aggravate the skin. साप आरो उसुखुथुफोरा जाथाव जाहोग्रा, आरो सिनायथि मोनागौमानि बिगुरखौ बांसिन गाज्रि खलामबाय थागोन। Symptoms such as respiratory problems and digestive upsets may also disappear. बेरामनि लोक्षोन जेरै हांलानायनि जेंना आरो हजम खालामग्रानि उसुखुथुआबो गोमोरनो हागौ। The ear is divided into three parts The outer ear is the area most visible. खोमाया मोनथाम बाहागोआव रानजायो, बांसिन नुजाग्रा हालामाया खोमा साया। The effectiveness of antibiotics in the treatment of ear infections is still being debated in the literature. खोमा बेराम बारसलायनि सिकितसायाव, जिवसा बुथारग्रानि जाउना दाबोनो थुनलाइयाव बाथ्रा दानथेलायनाय जायो। The essential oils lavender, roman chamomile and/or tea tree can be added to the water or dropped onto the heat pack. गोनां थाव लेभेनदार, रमान केममाइल आरो/एबा साहा बिफांआ दैयाव लागाय जायो एबा गुदुं पेकयाव थरथिंहो। The eustachian tube is found in the middle ear of a baby. इउसथेसियान हासुंखौ खुदियानि खोमा गेजेराव मोनो। The immune system’s response to foreign invaders usually results in inflammatory congestion which can block the Eustachian tubes. निराफोद देहानि मिनथियै नारख्रेबग्रानि फिननायनि जाउना सरासनस्रायै बुख्रांनानै जमा जानाय अबस्था, जाय इउसथेसियानहासुंखौ बाथेनो हागौ। The inner ear is rich with nerve endings that receive the sound. खोमा सिंया रोदा जोबनायजों गोनां जाय सोदोबखौ नाजावयो। The remedy Walnut helps a child cope with change, and Holly can address jealousy. फाहामग्रा आखरटआ ग’थखौ सोलायनायजों बादायलायनाययाव हेफाजाब होयो, आरो बिबार लाइफांया हिंसाखौ सिनायथि होयो। The sound travels through the ear canal, past the ear drum, down to the middle ear. सोदोबा, खोमानि लामा गेजेरजों, खोमानि पर्दा सिगां, खोमा गेजेरनि गाहायसिम हानथियो। These all tend to maintain their heat longer and are less messy than a wet cloth. बिसोर गासैबो गावसिनि दुंनायखौ गोबावसिन जोथोन लाखियो आरो गिसि सि निफ्राय लेथ्राया खमसिन। These foods also offer negligible amounts of nutrients and therefore do not support the body’s healing processes. बेफोर आदारफ्राबो गासै इसेल’थार निउत्रिएन्तस बिबां होयो आरो बिनि थाखाय देहानि फाहामनाय फारिखानथिफोरखौ सुंथाया। This can be done with or without oil but if massage oil is used you might consider adding essential oils. बियो थावजों एबा थाव गैयाब्ला खालामजागोन नाथाय जुदि नाजाग्रा थावआ बाहायजाबाय, नों गोनां थावफोरखौ लागायदेरनो सानना-नायनाय जानो हागौ। This encourages drainage and discourages the feeling of pressure often felt when lying flat. बियो बोहैलांनायखौ थुलुंगा होयो आरो गले गले मोनदांनाय जेब्ला लेमो, बे नारसिनजानाय मोनदांनायखौ थुलुंगागैयै खालामो। This is where the bones that transmit the sound to the inner ear are found. बेनो जेराव बेगेंफोरखौ मोनो जाय सोदोबखौ खोमासिंसिम दैथाय हरो। This makes it more difficult for excess fluid to drain properly. बियो दैबायदि बांद्रायनायखौ मोजांयै बहैलांनो थाखाय बांद्राय गोब्राब खालामो। This passage way connects to the nose and the throat, and allows drainage of any fluid collected in the middle ear. बे बारलांनाय लामाया गनथं आरो गारमाखौ नांजाबहोयो आरो खोमा गेजेराव जिखुनुजा दैबादि जमा जानानै थानायखौ बोहैलां होयो। Topical applications are also ideal for infants who would otherwise have difficulty taking these supplements internally. जायगानि आरजफोराबो साबसिन गथफोरनि थाखाय जाय नङाब्ला बेफोर उफ्रा मुवाखौ सिंसिं लानो गोब्राबथि जागौमोन। Tubes can become blocked by congestion caused by a cold or other upper respiratory infection, or by a reaction to a food or environmental allergen. हासुंफोरा जमा जानाय अबस्था निथाखाय बाथेनो हागौ जाय गगा एबा दुसरा गोजौ हांलानायनि बेराम बास्लायनाय, एबा आदारनि फिनजाथाय एबा थासारिनि मानहोग्रानि थाखाय जायो। Vitamin A and beta carotene can be found in egg yolks, sweet potatoes, cantaloupe, and apricots. भिटामिन ए आरो नैथि केर’टिना दावदै कुहुम, थागुना, आलु, जाथोसे तरमुज, आरो एप्रिकटाव मोनो हागौ। Vitamin C should be taken in conjunction with bioflavonoids for optimal utilization. भिटामिन सिया बाय’फ्लेभनइदजों लोगोसे नुथाय गोहो सोमोनदै खामानियाव बाहायनो थाखाय लानांगोन। Vitamin C, taken regularly, will promote healing and support the immune system. भिटामिन सिखौ सामफ्रामबो लायोब्ला फाहामलायखौ जौगा हौगोन आरो निराफोद देहाखौ सुंथागोन। When it is cool enough to touch, place it over the child’s ear. जेब्ला बियो दांनो हाथाव सुयो, बेखौ ग’थनि खोमा सायाव हो। When working with children and their parents, I often hesitate to ask them to start eliminating many things from their diet and environment. जेब्ला गथफोरजों आरो बिसिनो बिमा-बिफाजों मावो, आं गले गले गोनो गोथो जायो बिसोरखौ थिननो जे गोबां मुवाफोरखौ एंगार जेननो बिसोरनि आदार आरो थासारिनिफ्राय। Yeast infections may make a child more susceptible to ear infections as they can leave their body’s immune system weakened and vulnerable. फेनफेना बेराम बारस्लायनायफोरा, गथखौ खोमा बेराम बारस्लायनायफोरा इसेयावनो बांसिन नांनाय खालामनो हागौ मानोना बिसोरो बिसिनि देहानि निराफोद देहाखौ लोरबां आरो जखम खालामना गालांनो हागौ। You might consider adding lavender essential oil to the vaporizer, or eucalyptus oil if your child is over the age of two. नों सानना नायनो हागौ, खफ खालामग्रायाव गोनां थाव लेभेमडार एबा इउखेलिपटाच थाव लागानो, जुदि नोंनि ग’थआ नै बैसोनि बारा। Your little one is miserable and you are fraught with the knowledge that it is yet again another ear infection. नोंनि उन्दैसाया असुखि आरो नों रोंगौथिजों बुंफबनाय दि बियो आरबाव गुबुन खोमा बेराम बारस्लायनाय। Zinc, Vitamin A, and Beta Carotene will all help protect against infection and aid in healing. जिंख, भिटामिन ए, नैथि केरटिना गासैबो रैखा खालामनो हेफाजाब होगोन बेराम बारस्लायनायनि जुननै आरो फाहामनायाव हेफाजाब होगोन। A lack of probiotics sets the stage for fungal growth that has been linked to triggering ear infections. प्रबायअतिक्सनि आंखाला मैखुन रजनायनि थाखाय थाखो दायो जाय खोमा सनदेरथिफोर जानायजों जगाजग दं। Add 3 drops of lavender, 3 drops of roman chamomile, and 3 drops of tea tree essential oils to 30 ml of grapeseed oil. 30 मिलि आंगुर बेगर थावआव, थरथिं-थाम लेभेनदार, थरथिं-थाम रमान केमअमाइल, आरो थरथिं-थाम थि त्रि गोनां थाव दाजाब। Add 3-4 drops of GSE (found in health food stores) to 30 ml of vegetable glycerin. 30 मिलि मैगं ग्लिसालइनाव थरथिं-थाम-थरथिं-ब्रै जिएसइ (देहा आदार दुखानाव मोनो) दाजाब। Additional substances support the growth of intestinal flora which enhances the immune system. उफ्रा मुवाफोरा बिबु मैगं-थाइगंनि देरनायाव सुंथायो जाय खैफोद गैयै खानथिखौ बांहोयो। Although prevention is the best medicine for ear infections, there are many natural solutions to the pain and discomfort your child experiences. होबथानाया खोमा सनदेरथिफोरनि थाखाय साबसिन मुलिब्लाबो, बेवहाय नोंनि खुदियाआ रोंमोनदांनाय सानाय आरो खस्टनि थाखाय गोबां मिथंगायारि फोसाब राहाफोर दङ। As you listen attentively to her noises, and watch her, you will learn the difference between sleeping snorts and “I'm waking up and I need you now” noises. जेब्ला नों बिनि दावराव दावसिखौ गोसोहोथाबनानै खोनासङो आरो बिखौ नायो, नों उनदुनाय हंख्रदनाय आरो “आं सिखारनोसै आरो दा आंनो नोंखौ नांगौ” दावराव दावसिफोरनि गेजेरनि फारागखौ सोलोंगोन। Babies moan, grunt, snuffle, whimper, and even cry in their sleep. खुदियाफोराखंखाययो, गनथंजों सबद’ खालामो, हां-बोलाय हंगारलाय खालामो, खेंखायनाय, आरो बिसोरनि उनदुनायाव गाबोबो। Be sure that the child's diet is free of refined and/or concentrated sugars (table sugar, corn syrup, honey) and low in naturally occurring sugars, such as those found in fruit juices. थि जा दि गथ’नि आदारा सरजानाय आरो / एबा सिनिफोर, (टेबोल सिन, जुंखाम रोसि बेरेमोदै) निफ्राय उदां आरो मिथिंगायारियै सोमजिनाय सिनियाव खम, जेरै फिथाइनि रोसिफोर निफ्राय मोननाय। Be sure to brush their teeth afterward as this acidic vitamin can erode tooth enamel. थि जा उनाव बिसोरनि हाथायखौ मानजिनो मानोना बे एसिदिक भिटामिना हाथाय इनामेलखौ जामहोनो हागौ। Breastfed babies can taste garlic in Mom's breastmilk after she eats some of this potent anti-microbial herb. बिमाया बे गोख्रों एनति-मायक्र’बिएल मुलैबिफांनि माखासेखौ जानायनि उनाव आबुदौजानाय खुदियाफोरा बिमानि आबु गाइखेराव सामब्रामगुफुर मोनजायो। Breastfeeding also supplies the child with important immune enhancing substances, further reduces the risk of developing allergies by protecting the intestines ("leaky" intestines allow more foreign material in to the blood stream) and contributes to appropriate physical development of the Eustachian tubes. आबुदौनायाबो गथ’खौ गोनां बारायग्रा मुवाफोर जगायो, आरोबाव बिबुफोरखौ रैखा खालामनानै माननायफोर जौगानायनि खैफोदखौ खमायो (“गसरनाय” बिबुफोरा बांसिन गुबुनारि मुवाफोर थै निजोरआव”) आरो इउसतेसिआन नोलिफोरनि थिक देहायारि देरनायाव हेफाजाब होयो । Breastfeeding has been clinically proven to reduce the risk of ear infections. आहारदौनाया खोमा बेराम सनदेरनायफोरनि खैफोदखौ खमायो होनना क्लिनिखेलिफोरमानहोजाबाय। Breastmilk is also a convenient carrier for many of the following suggested remedies. आबुगाइखेराबो गाहायनि गोबां बिथोन होजानाय फाहामराहाफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे आरजाथाव दैदेनग्रा। By the time I looked up, he was 12 months old, firmly and totally entrenched in a breastfeeding-to-sleep association. जेब्लासिमाव आं नायसंदोंमोन, बियो 12 दान बैसोमोन, firmly आरो फुरायै होबथा entrenched आबुदौनायनिफ्राय उनदुनाय आफादाव Chewable and liquid vitamin C supplements are available for children. सावग्लिजाथाव आरो लावलाव भिटामिन सि उफ्रा-मुवाफोरा गथ’फोरनि थाखाय मोननोहाथाव। Children who are prone to chronic ear infections have benefited from continual use of Echinacea throughout the cold and flu season with a one week break out of every four. गथ’फोर जाय क्रनिख खोमा बेराम-सनदेरनायफोराव गोरलैयै जानोहायोआ गुसु आरो ग’गा बोथार जोबजासे एकिनेसिआ गले-गले बाहायबायथानाय निफ्राय मुलामफामोनबाय मोनफ्रोम ब्रै सबथायाव सबथा खनसे गोसारो। Cover and let sit for 10 minutes. Infants take 1 tsp tea 3-4 times a day. खोब आरो 10 मिनिट फज’थ। खुदियाफोरा सानसेआव 3-4बार 1 सामुस साहा लोङो। Cover with just enough olive oil and heat gently for 20-30 minutes. थिक जलफाइ थावजों खोब आरो लासै-लासै 20-30 मिनिट फुदुं। Cut a thick slab of a yellow onion and warm it using a warm oven, microwave, or boiling water. गोमो सामब्रामखौ रोजा दाबलो थुख्रासे हा आरो बेखौ दुंब्रुत अभेन, मायख्रअएभ, एबा गोदोउनाय दै बाहायना फुदुं। Don't be surprised if your child has "garlic breath" shortly after a treatment, as garlic travels quickly to the lungs. दागोमोजुदि नोंनि गथ’हा थाबैनो सिकितसानि उनाव, “सामब्रामगुफुर हां-हगारनाय” दं, मानोना साब्रामगुफुरफोरा थाबैनो संफ्लफोराव हानथियो। Ear infections are notorious for repeating themselves. खोमा बेराम-सनदेरनायफोरा गावबागावफोरखौ जाफिनहोबायथानायनि थाखाय गाज्रि-मुंदांखा। Echinacea stimulates the white blood cells that are necessary for eliminating pathogens. एकिनेसिआया गुबुर थै जिबख्रिफोरखौ सांग्रां खालामयो जाय बोराम जिबसाफोरखौ एंगारनोआव गोनां। Especially useful if the ear drum has ruptured and internal drops are not appropriate. जुनियायै गोनां जुदि खोमा फरदाया गबलंबाय आरो इसिङारि थरथिंफोरा(DROP) आरजाथाव नङा। Every baby is different, but about ten to sixty seconds between removals usually works. साफ्रोमबो खुदियाफोरा जुदा, नाथाय जि निफ्राय दजि सेकेन्दफोरनि गेजेराव होखारनायफोराव सरासनस्रायै खामानिहोयो। Fermented foods such as kefir and yogurt are good sources, as is a probiotic supplement (commonly referred to as acidophilus). फेसेवनाय आदारफोर जेरै केफिर आरो गायखेर सानाफोरा मोजां फुंखाफोर जेरै प्रबाय’टिक उफ्रा-मुवा (सरासनस्रायै एसिद’फिलास होना बुंजायो) । For a child under 8 months, breastmilk should still be the primary source of calories. दाइन दान सिंनि गथ’नो, आबु गाइखेरा केलरि फोरनि गुदि फुंखा जाबायथानांगौ। For children that are old enough to chew, zinc lozenges are very convenient. गथ’फोरनो जाय सावग्लिनो हानाय देरबाय, दस्टा धातु,लजेनफोरा जोबोद आरजाथाव। For smaller children, and older ones who might refuse to eat it, infused garlic oil can be rubbed onto the soles of the feet. उनदैसिन गथ’फोरनो, आरो गिदिरफोर जाय बेखौ जानो नागेरानि थाखाय,सोजानाय सामब्रामगुफुर थावा आथिंनि आफादावदैआव बिलिरजागोन। For some unknown and many known reasons, some children have less intestinal flora than is necessary to properly digest food and protect the body from the growth of pathogens. माखासे मिथिजायै आरो गोबां मिथिजानाय जाहोनफोरनि थाखाय, माखासे गथ’फोरहा आदारखौ थियै हजम खालामनो गोनां आरो बेराम जिबसाफोरनि देरनाय निफ्राय देहाखौ रैखा खालामो निख्रुइ खमसिन फ्ल’रा दं। From the very moment he was born, he slept beside me, nursing to sleep for every nap and every bedtime. बियो उजिनाय समनिफ्रायनो, बियो आंनि खाथिआव उनदुदोंमोन, मोनफ्रोमबो उनदुब्रबनाय आरो मोनफ्रोमबो उनदुनायसमाव जोथोन लानाय। Garlic is surprisingly well tolerated by little taste buds - if they are introduced to it early in life. सामब्रामगुफुरा फिसा साखिग्रा बादफोरजों गोमोथावयै मोजांयै सहायजायो- बेफोरखौ बेनो जिउनि आगुसमाव सिनायथि होयोब्ला। However, in our world, few parents have the luxury of putting everything else on hold until their baby gets older. अब्लाबो, जोंनि बुहुमाव, खायसे बिमा-बिफाफोरहा बिसोरनि खुदियाया देरैसिम गासैखौबो दोनथ’नायनि धोन दं। I am a follower of the “never let your babies cry” rule, and I took it very seriously. आं “नोंनि खुदियाखौ माब्लाबाबो दागाबहो” नेमखौ फालियो, आरो आं बेखौ जोबोद साननायगोनांयै लाबाय। I certainly disagree, and so would my baby! It is probably the most positive, natural, pleasant sleep association a baby can have. आं थियै मानिया, आरो बेखायनो आंनि खुदियायाबो! बेयो जानो हागौ सासे खुदिया मोननो हाथाव जोबोर मोजां, मिथिंगायारि, गोजोन उनदुनाय जथाय। I have heard a number of sleep experts refer to this as a “negative sleep association.” आं खोनाबाय गोबां उनदुनायनि गोरोंफोरा बेखौ “गाज्रि उनदुनाय आफाद” होना बुङो। I suspect that this because of the sleep-association affect that I explained earlier. आं सनदेह खालामदों दि बेयो उनदुनाय-लोगो गोहोमनि थाखाय, जायखौ आं गिबियाव बुजायदोंमोन। If a baby is sucking strongly or swallowing regularly when feeding, wait a few minutes until he slows his pace. जुदि खुदियाया जेब्ला दौनायाव सरासनस्रायै गोरायै सोबो एबा मन’यो,बियो बिनि गोख्रैथिखौ लासै खालामैसिम दसे सम ने। If baby struggles against this and fusses or roots for you or his bottle or pacifier, go ahead and replace the nipple, but repeat the removal process as often as necessary until he falls asleep. जुदि खुदियाया बेनि हेंथायै जुजियो आरो नों एबा गावनि बथल एबा गोजोनहोग्रानि थाखाय अख्राखालामो एबा जुजियो, आवगायलां आरो निपोलखौ सोलाय, नाथाय बियो उनदुलाङैसिम गोनांथि बादियै बोखारनाय आदबखौ मावफिन। If you had nothing whatsoever to do besides take care of your baby, this would be a very pleasant way to pass your days and nights until he naturally outgrew the need. जुदि नोंहा नोंनि खुदियानि जोथोनलानाय अनगायै जेबो खालामनो गैया, बेयो नोंनि सान आरो हरफोरखौ बारगहोनो जोबोर गोजोन राहा जागोन, बियो मिथिंगायारियै गोनांथिखौ बांहोयैसिम। If your baby doesn't nap well, don't trouble yourself with trying to use the removal technique during the day for naps. जुदि नोंनि खुदियाया मोजांयै उनदुवा, उनदुनायनि थाखाय सानाव बोखारनाय आदबखौ बाहायनो नाजानायजों गावखौनोगाव खसथ’दाहो। If your baby is waking up every hour or two to breastfeed, bottle-feed, or locate his pacifier, you may be wondering just what it is that causes him to wake up so often. जुदि नोंनि खुदियाया मोनफ्रोम से एबा नै घनटायाव आबुजानो, बथल-गाइखेर जानो, एबा बिनि गोजोनहोग्रा नागिरनो सिरिमोनगासिनो, नोङो सोमोनांनो हागौ बेयो मा जाय बेखौ गले गले सिरिमोनहोयो। If your child is dealing with a severe yeast infection as determined by a qualified health practitioner, it is important to work closely with your caregiver in making the necessary dietary changes. सासे गोरों देहा नायसंगिरिजों थिरां खालामनाय बादियै जुदि नोंनि खुदियाया गोब्राब इएस्त(yeast) सनदेरनायजों भुगिगासिनो, गोनां आदार सोलायनायफोरखौ खालामनायाव नोंनि जोहोगिरिजों खाथियै मावनो बेयो गोनां। In other words, be prepared to disrupt your own nights for a while to make some important, worthwhile long-term changes. गुबुन बाथ्रायाव, खायसे गोनांथि, गुनगोनां गोलाव लम सोलायनायफोरखौ खालायनो दसे समनि थाखाय नोंनि गावनि हरफोरखौ हेंथा होनो थियारि जा। instead of leaving him there and going back to bed, or letting him fall asleep at the breast, let him suck for a few minutes until his sucking slows and he is relaxed and sleepy. बिखौ बैयाव गालांनाय आरो फालेंआव थांफिनाय, एबा आबुआव बिखौ उनदु होनायनि सोलायै, बिखौ इसे समनि थाखाय बिनि सोबनाया खमायैसिम आरो बियो गोजोनै आरो उनदुनो ओंखारैसिम सोबनो हो। It is best to continue nursing until your child weans themselves, which could be 2 years or more. नोंनि खुदियाया गावनो गाव आहार गारैसिम आहार दौलांबाय थानाया साबसिन, जाय नै बोसोर एबा बांसिन जानो हागौ। It is very difficult for the body to replace the missing flora without close attention paid to dietary sources. आदार फुंखाफोराव होजानाय खाथि नोजोरहोयालाबानो गोमानाय फ्लराखौ बोसलायनो बेयो देहानि थाखाय जोबोर गोब्राब। It may take two to five (or even more) attempts, but eventually your baby will fall asleep without the pacifier or nipple in her mouth. बेयो नै निफ्राय बा (एबा गोबांसिन) नाजाथिनायफोर लानो हागौ, नाथाय जोबनायाव नोंनि खुदियाया गोजोनहोग्रा एबा आबु-बिनथुगैयाब्ला उनदुलांगोन। It's all a matter of your perception and your personal needs. बेयो गासैबो मुवाया नोंनि साननाय आरो नोंनि गावआरि नांगौफोर। Last night he was nursing and I pulled him off and put my finger under his chin. थांनाय मोनायाव बियो आहार जादोंमोन आरो आं बिखौ बख’बाय आरो आंनि आसिखौ बिनि खखाब सिंआव दोनबाय। Make a blend of the following: lemon balm, catnip, ginger, licorice, spearmint, and chamomile and pour 4 cups of boiling water over 3 tsp of the blend. गाहायाव होनायनि गलायमिनदेर बानाय: नारें बाम, केतनिप, हायजें, लिक’राइस, स्पेरमिन्त, आरो खेममाइल आरो 3 सामुसनि गलायमिनदेर सायाव 4 कापफोरनि दै गुदुं लु। Many infections are precipitated by a viral infection attacking the respiratory system; this approach will cover all bases. भायरोल सनदेरनायजों समफ्ल फारिखानथि गाग्लोबजानाया गोबां सनदेरनायफोरखौजाहोयो; बे राहाया गासैबो बिथाफोरखौ लाफाजोबगोन। Mix well and massage a few drops at a time around the outside of the ear. मोजांयै गलाय आरो मोनसे समावनो खोमानि भायरायाव सोरगिदिं इसे थरथिंसेफोर ना। Most, if not all, children would benefit from daily supplementation if they are prone to infections. बांसिनानो, जुदि गासिबो नङाबा, गथ’फोरा सामफ्रामबो उफ्रा मुवा निफ्राय मुलामफा जागौमोन जुदि बिसोरो सनदेरनायाव गाग्लोबजाथाव। My baby, Coleton, spent much time in his early months in my arms, his little head bobbing to the tune of my computer keyboard. आंनि खुदिया कलेत’ना बिनि गिबि दानाव, आंनि आखानथिआव बांसिन समाय खाथायोमोन, आंनि कमपिउतार किब’र्डनि देंखोआव बिनि फिसा खर’खौ सोमावनानै। Natural remedies can be very effective at curbing an ear infection, but a strong healthy immune system is even better. मिथिंगायारि फाहामनायफोरा खोमा बेराम सनदेरनाय खमायनायाव जोबोद जाउनगोनां जानो हागौ, नाथाय मोनसे गोख्रों देहा-गोनां होबथा बिखानथिआ साबसिनबाव। Often the way your baby falls asleep will affect the rest of his awakenings for the night. गोबां समाव नोंनि खुदियाया उनदुलांनाय आदाबा हरनि थाखाय बिनि आद्रा सिरिमोननायखौ गोहोम खोखलैगोन। Often, especially at first, your baby then will startle and root for the nipple. गोबाव समाव, जुनियायै गिबिआव, नोंनि खुदियाया बेनि उनाव सिरिमोनखांगोन आरो आबु-बिनथुनि थाखाय जुजिगोन। Older children approximately 1/2 cup 3-4 times a day but tea should be warm but not hot. गिदिरसिन गथ’फोरा सानसेआव 3-4 बार 1/2 कापफ्राम नाथाय साहाया दुंब्रुत जानांगोन नाथाय गुदुं नङा। Once you get your baby sleeping better at night, you can then work on the naptime sleep. नों नोंनि खुदियाखौ खेबसे मोनायाव साबसिन उनदुनाय होयोब्ला, होमबा नों दसे-उनदुनाय समाव मावनो हागोन। Otherwise a dose at the first sign of symptoms, and every 3-4 hours thereafter may prevent the problem from progressing. नङाब्ला लैखोनफोरनि गुदि सिनआव मोनसे फालि, आरो उनाव मोनफ्रोमबो 3-4 घन्टाया जेंनाखौ बांनायनिफ्राय होबथानो हागौ। Patience and diligence are key, but breaking the cycle is possible. सहायनाय आरो मावथि आखुफोरा साबि, नाथाय साइखेलखौ सिफायनाया जानोहाथाव। Place the buds of the unopened flowers into just enough olive oil to cover. थि थोजासे जलफाइ थावआव खोबनो गेउलांयै बिबारफोरनि थफिनायखौ दोन। Places 2-3 cloves of chopped garlic into a double boiler or small sauce pan. हाफ्लेजानाय सामब्राम-गुफुरनि सैनै-सैथामखौ फाननै गोदौहोग्रा एबा फिसा सारायाव दोनो। Raw garlic is better than most supplements and creative ways exist for getting children to eat it. गोथां सामब्राम-गुफुरा बांसिन उफ्रा मुवाफोरनि ख्रुइ साबसिन आरो बेखौ जानोमोननाय गथ’फोरनि थाखाय सोरजिलु राहाफोर नुजायो। Recipes such as garlic bread, hummus, and guacamole are popular. आदारफोर जेरै सामब्राम-गुफुरनि फावरुति, हाममास, आरो गुवाकेम’लफोरा मुंदांखा। Reduce the dosage until stools normalize and watch for signs of dehydration should it last for more than one day. फालिखौ खिफोर थिक जायागौमानि खमाय आरो दिहाइद्रेसननि सिनफोरनि थाखाय नायगेरनाया सानसेनिख्रुइ बारा जोरनांगोन। Remember that good naps mean better nighttime sleep — and better nighttime sleep means better naps. गोसोआवला दि मोजांसिन उनदुनाय मानि साबसिन मोनासमनि उनदुनाय- आरो साबसिन मोनासमनि उनदुनाय मानि मोजांसिन उनदुनाय। Research has shown that maternal supplementation during pregnancy and breastfeeding lowers the risk of childhood allergies by increasing protective factors in the breastmilk. नायबिजिरनाया दिनथिबाय दि मोदोम गरलै समाव बिमायारि उफ्रा मुवा आरो आबुदौनाया आबुगाइखेरआव बारायनाय रैखा-होग्रा जाहोनजों गथ’सम मानलुनायफोरनि खैफोद-गैयैखौ खमायो। Seal the jar tightly and place in sunny window for at least 2 weeks. दैहुखौ थेयै मारि आरो खमबाबो 2 सबथानि थाखाय सानदुंनांनाय खिरखिआव दोन। Some are easier to chew than others, and some varieties contain Echinacea or other immune boosting remedies. माखासेआ गुबुननि ख्रुइ सावग्लिनो गोरलैसिन, आरो माखासे रोखोमफोरा इसिनेसिआ एबा गुबुन खैफोद गैयै गोहो बारायनाय फाहामग्राफोर दं। Some babies can continue this pattern and still sleep through the night. माखासे खुदियाफोरा बे नेरसोनजों सोलिनो हायो आरो थेवबो ओखा थमब्लेद उनदुयो। Sometimes a child barely seems to recover from one before another one occurs. माब्लाबा गथ’आ मोनसे निफ्राय खन’मोथै हामनाय नुनायनि सिगां गुबुन मोनसेआ जायो। Sugar is known to lower the body's resistance to infection, and furthermore it feeds the yeast that may be triggering the infections in the first place. सिनिआ देहानि होबथानाय गोहोखौ सननायनिफ्राय खमाययो होनना मिथिजायो, आरो बेनि अनगायैबोबे फेंफोनाखौ जाहोयो जाय गिबि जायगायाव सननायफोरखौ जाहोनो हागौ। The difference with your baby, who requires nighttime care every hour or two, is that he is involving you in all his brief awakening periods. नोंनि खुदियाजों जुदाथिआ जादों दि, जाय मोनफ्रोमबो से एबा नै घन्टा मोनासम जोथोन नांगौ, बियो नोंखौ गावनि गासैबो गुसुं सिरिमोननाय समफोराव बाहागो-लाहोगासिनो। The most important time to use Pantley's gentle removal plan is the first falling asleep of the night. पेनटलेनि गुरै बोखारनाय बिथांखिखौ बाहायनो बांसिन गोनां समा हरनि गिबि उनदुलांनाय। The next step to helping your baby sleep longer is to determine the difference between sleeping noises and awake noises. नोंनि गथ’खौ गोबावसिन फुथुनो हेफाजाबहोनाय उननि थाखोआ उनदुनाय दावराव-दावसि आरो सिरिमोननाय दावराव-दावसिनि गेजेरनि फारागखौ नायबिजिरनाय। The nursing mother can take an adult dose and pass on the benefits via her breastmilk. आहार दौनाय बिमाया गिदिरफोरनि फालिजानो हागोन आरो मुनाफाफोरखौ गावनि आबु गाइखेरनि गेजेरजों बारहोहरनोहागोन। The problem with this association is not the association itself, but our busy lives. बे आफादनि जेंनाया गावनोगाव आफादा नङा, नाथाय जोंनि मुखुब जिउ। The reality is that brief nighttime awakenings are a normal part of human sleep, regardless of age. मोकथांथिआ बे दि गुसुं मोनासम सिरिमोननायफोरा सुबुं उनदुनायनि सरासनस्रा बाहागो, बैसोनि गोसोहोआलासै। Then break the seal with your finger and gently remove the pacifier or nipple. होमबा नोंनि आसिजों मुख्राखौ बोखा आरो गोजोनहोग्रा एबा बथलनि-खुगाखौ लासैयै बोखा। Therefore the best ways to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection is to stimulate the child's own immune defenses and utilize nature बेनिखायनो सनदेरहोग्रा बेकतेरियाखौ होखारनो साबसिन लामाया गथ’नि गावनि खैफोदगैयै होबथानायफोर मावहो आरो मिथिंगाखौ मुलामफायाव बाहाय। To take the steps to change your baby's sleep association, you must complicate night waking for a while, but in the long run you can wean your baby from using his pacifier, bottle, or your breast as his only nighttime association. नोंनि गथ’नि उनदुनाय लोगोखौ सोलायनो आगानफोर लानो, दसेनि थाखाय नों हरनि सिरिमोननायखौ बेलेबेजे खालामथारनांगोन, नाथाय गोलाव समाव नों नोंनि खुदियाखौ बिनि गोजोनहोग्रा, बथल एबा नोंनि आबुखौ बाहायनायनिफ्राय जायखारहोनो हायो, बिनि मोनसेल हरसम लोगो महरै। Try to very gently hold his mouth closed with your finger under his chin, or apply pressure to his chin, just under his lip, at the same time rocking or swaying with him. जोबोद गुरैयै बिनि खुगाखौ नोंनि आसिजों बिनि खखाफ सिङाव बनद खालामनानै हमनो नाजा, एबा बिनि खखाफाव बोलोहो, थिक बिनि गुसथि सिंआव, एखे समावनो बिजों सोमाव एबा नार। Usually, after the initial burst of activity, your baby will slow to a more relaxed, “fluttery” pace; this is a good time to begin your removal attempts. सरासनस्रायै, गुदि खामानि बेरफुनायनि उनाव, नोंनि खुदियाया बांसिन गोजोननाय, “बाब्राबनाय” गोख्रैथिखौ लासैखालायगोन; बेयो नोंनि बोखारनाय नाजानायफोरखौ जागायनो मोनसे मोजां सम। Very often we have a routine we have followed with our babies since birth. The final step before sleep is always nursing or having a bottle. जोबोद गले गले जोनोमनिफ्राय जोंनि खुदियाफोरजों फालिबोखानाय जोंहा मोनसे समफारिलाइ दं। उनदुनायनि सिगां जोबथि आगाना जेब्लायबो आदारदौनाय एबा बथलजों दौनाय। Vitamin C not only increases the immune response, but is also anti-inflammatory. भिटामिन सिआ खैफोद गैयै फिनजाथायखौल’ बाराया, नाथाय एनति- इनफ्लेमेतरिबो। What I didn't understand, though, is that babies make sounds in their sleep. आं माखौ बुजियाखैया, जुदिअबोआ दि, खुदायाफोरा गावसिनि उनदुनायाव सबद’फोर खालामो। When it has cooled, remove it and reheat it for another application. जेब्ला बेयो सुयो, बेखौ बोखार आरो गुबुन बाहायथिनि थाखाय बेखौ फुदुंफिन। When it is cool enough to handle, wrap it in cheesecloth and hold it on the affected ear. जेब्ला बेयो नांगौबादि हमनो गुसु जायो, बेखौ खुनहियाव फान आरो बेखौ गोहोमखोखलैजानाय खोमायाव हमना ला। When she has done this a number of times over a period of days, you will notice the removals are much easier, and her awakenings are less frequent. बियो बेखौ गोबां सान गोबां खेब खालायखाबाय जेला, नों नुगोन बोखारथिफोरा जोबोर गोरलै, आरो बिनि सिरिमोनखांबायथानायफोरा खम गलेगले When your baby wakes, go ahead and pop his pacifier or his bottle in his mouth, or nurse him. जेब्ला नोंनि खुदियाया सिखारो, थां आरो बिनि गोजोनहोग्रा खौ बिनि खुगायाव सोना हो एबा बिनो आहारदौ। Whether the mother used them during pregnancy, or they are used at any point in a child's life, antibiotics create an imbalance between the protective flora we need a lot of and the negative flora we do not. बिमाया बोफोरखौ मोदोम-गोरलैआव बाहायदोंब्ला, एबा बेफोर गथ’नि जिखुनुजा जिउनि समाव बाहायजादोंमोन, एनतिबाय’टिकफोरा रैखाथिफ्ल’रा जोंनो गोबां नांगौ आरो गाज्रि फ्ल’रा जोंनो नाङानि गेजेराव अस्थिर सोमजिहोयो। Whole grains; vegetable proteins such as beans, peas, and nuts; colourful fruits and vegetables; and adequate water/fluids should make up the bulk of your child's diet. गासै बेगरफोर, मैगं प्र’टिनफोर जेरै बिनस, मटरफोर, आरो बादामफोर; रंगोनां फिथाइफोरआरो मैगंफोर; थोजासे दै/लाव-लाव फोरा नोंनि गथ’नि आदारनि बिबांखौ सुफुं। With this in mind, I will give you a number of ideas so that you can gradually, and lovingly, help your baby learn to fall asleep without this very powerful sleep aid. बेखौ गोसोआव लानानै, आं नोंनो गोबां सानस्रि होगोन, जाहाथे नों लासैयै आरो अननानै नोंनि खुदियाखौ उनदुनो सोलोंनायाव हेफाजाबहोनो हागोन बे जोबोद गोख्रों उनदुनाय राह गैयालाबा। You child may also experience loose stools while taking therapeutic dosages of vitamin C. नोंनि गथ’आबो लाव-लाव खिनियखौ रोंमोनदांथि हागौ जेब्ला भिटामिन सिनि थेरापिउथिक फालिफोर जायो। You may not even see this as a problem, in which case it is not. नों बेखौ जेंना बायदि नुनाय नङा, जायनि बेलायाव बेयो नङा। Your baby makes a “sleep association,” wherein he associates certain things with falling asleep and believes he needs these things to fall asleep. नोंनि खुदियाया उनदुनाय आफाद बानायो, जेराब बियो उदुलांनाय जों माखासे मुवाफोर जथायो आरो बियो उनदुलांनो बेफोर मुवाफोरखौ नांगौ फोथायो। Your baby, like my Coleton, has learned to associate sucking (having your nipple or his bottle or pacifier in his mouth) with sleeping. नोंनि खुदिया, आंनि कलेत’न बायदि उनदुनायजों सोबनो (नोंनि आबु-बिनथु एबा बिनि बथल एबा बिनि खुगायाव फेसिफाइआर लानानै) लोगोजानो सोलोंबाय। Zinc supplements also boost the immune response to infection. दस्टा धातु उफ्रा मुवाफोराबो सनदेरनायनो खैफोद-गैयै फिनजाथायखौ गोहो बारायहोयो। A group of parents and their babies and young children gathered in a church basement in a low income neighbourhood to meet with two teachers who taught them rhymes and songs to use with their children, and also told them stories for their own delight. हानजासे बिमा-बिफाफोर आरो बिसोरनि खुदियाफोर आरो उन्दै गथफोरा इसेल आय थानाय न’उसुंसेयारिगिर्जानि गुदियाव ज जादों, सानै फोरोंगिरिफोरजों लोगो हमनो थाखाय जाय बिसोरखौ सनद आरो मेथाय फोरोंदोंमोन, गावसिनि गथफोरजों बाहायनो थाखाय आरो बिसोरनि सलफोरबो खिनथादोंमोन गाबसिनि गावानि गाव गोजोननाय निथाखाय। A variety of resources are available for purchase, including rhyme books and CDs in English and French, storybooks, training manuals, and videos. बाइदि रोखोमनि बेसादफोरा बायनाय निथाखाय मोनथाव, लोगोसे सनद बिजाबफोर, आरो इंराजिनि सिदिफोर आरो फ्रेन्सनि सल बिजाबफोर, फोरोंनायनि नेमखानथि थानाय बिजाब आरो भिदिअफोर। Activity focuses on interactive rhymes, stories, and songs, all presented orally and through the air. खामानिया जाथाय खालामलायनाय सनद सल आरो मेथायफोर, गासैबो खुगानि बाथ्राजों बार गेजेरजों दिनथिनाययाव गोसो होयो। Apprenticeship Training is hands-on training with an experienced, accredited P-CMGP teacher. सोलोंजेनगिरि फोरोंनायया, गोहो मोननाय पिसिएमजिपि फोरोंगिरि मिनथिखानायजोंनि फोरोंनायनि आखाययाव। As a result such children do not perform well in elementary schools and many drop out of school and some end up in the streets. बेफोर जाउननि थाखाय, बेफोर गथफोरा गुदि फरायसालियाव मोजां मावफुंआ, आरो गोबांआनो फरायसालिनिफ्राय ओंखारलांयो आरो माखासेआ लामाफ्राव थालाबायो। As a result, the P-CMGP has spread across Canada and beyond, and many different kinds of organisations and agencies now offer the program to the families they serve. बेफोर जाउननि थाखाय, पिसिएमजिपिया केनादाजों आरो बेखौ बारनानै गोसारबाय, आरो गोबां गुबुन रोखोमनि गौथुमफोर आरो थानदैफोरा गावसोर खामानि मावना होग्रा नखरफोरनो दा हाबाफारि होयो। As the children grew, the need for a program for two-to-four-year-olds became clear, and a second level of the P-CMGP, in which parents learned stories to tell to their children, was developed and added to the program. जेब्ला गथफोरा देररो, नै निफ्राय ब्रै बैसोफोरनि थाखाय हाबाफारिनि गोनांआ रोखा राखा जायो, आरो पिसिएमजिपिनि नैथि थाखो, जेराव बिमा-बिफाफोरा सलफोर सोलोंयो गावसिनि गथफोरनो खिनथानोया जौगाबाय आरो हाबाफारियाव दाजाबदेरजाबाय। Celia agreed, and together, Katherine and Celia sought funding to bring the program to families in the general community. सिलिआया राजि जाबाय, आरो जवै केटरिन आरोसिलिआया सरासनस्रा सुबुं समाजनि नखरफ्राव हाबाफारि लाबोनो थाखाय जमायनाय रां नागिरदोंमोन। Celia Lottridge and Katherine Grier, both storytellers and educators, taught in the program with Joan. सानैबो सिलिआ लटरिज्ज आरो केटरिन ग्रियारआ सल बाथा बुंग्रा आरो फोरोंग्रा, जवानजों हाबाफारियाव फोरोंदोंमोन। Children simply stay at home till they are of school age, as no child will be admitted to school under the age of seven. गथफोरा फरायसालियाव थांजासे बैसोसिम गरलैयैनो नआव थायो, मानोना स्नि बैसोनि सिंनि गथखौ फरायसालियाव हाबनो होनाय नङा। Community-based programs give parents the opportunity to build on their strengths and learn new skills. सुबुं समाज सोमोनदयै हाबाफोरा बिमा बिफाफोरनो खाबु होयो गावसिनि सक्टिखौ लुना लानो आरो गोदान खालामनो हानायखौ सोलोंनो। Drop out was one of the problems observed during the first survey of 1994. 1994नि सेथि नायनायनि समाव बाहागो लानासनिफ्राय जोजानाययानो जेंनाफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे जेंना नुजादोंमोन। Each program has at least two teachers who share all teaching duties and take time together after each session to discuss their observations of the interactions within the group. मोनफ्रोमबो हाबाफोहा खमावबाबो सानै फोरोंगिरि दं जाय गासिबो फोरोंनायनि हाबाखौ रानलाययो आरो मोनफ्रोमबो मल निफ्राय जबै सम लानानै गावसिनि जुथुम सिंनि फोरमायलायनायनि नायथाबबायखौ सावराययो। For over 20 years, the Parent-Child Mother Goose Program has been helping parents and caregivers nurture their relationships with babies and young children. 20 (नैजि) बोसोरनि बारा, पेरेन्त-साइलड-मादार-गुस हाबाफोरा बिमा-बिफा आरो जोथोन होग्राफोरखौ हेफाजाब होगासिनो दं गावसिनि खुदिया आरो उन्दै गथफोरजोंनि सोमोनजोखौ जोथोननै फेदेरनो थाखाय। For the new academic year, which started in Sept 1999, 75 children were enrolled. गोदान फरायसालि बोसोरनि थाखाय, जाय सेपटे(मबर) 1999 याव जाजेनदों, 75 गथफोरा मुंथिसन जादों। Groups are small enough to ensure that the needs of individuals as well as of the group as a whole can be met. हानजाफोराथोजासे फिसा,सुबुंफोरजों लोगोसेहानजानि नांगौफोरखौ जयै सुफुंनोहानायनि थाखाय। In 1984, Barry Dickson, a social worker and storyteller who worked with a large caseload of families who had barriers to bonding, and Joan Bodger, a therapist and storyteller, planned a pilot project that would serve families identified as “at risk” by the Toronto Children’s Aid Society, a child protection agency. 1984 याव, बेरि दिकसन, समाज सिबियारि आरो सल बाथा बुंग्रा जाय गोबां caseloadनि नखरजों मावदोंमोन जायहा नांथाबनाय थानाययाव हेंथा दंमोन आरो जवान बडजोर, बेरामनि बिगियान आरो सल बाथा बुंग्राया, आनजदारि बिथांखि खालामदोंमोन जाय नखरफोरा तरनत गथफोरनि एइद ससाइथि, गथनि रैखाथि थानदैजों बिबानयाव दं होना सिनायथिजायैखौ मावना होगोन। In 1986, the Parent-Child Mother Goose Program (P-CMGP) offered one group for parents and infants in the Lakeshore area of Etobicoke, Ontario. 1986 याव, पेरेन्त साइलड मादार गुस प्रग्रेमा (पिसिएमजिपि) अनटेरिअयाव थानाय इथ’बिककनि बिलो सेर ओनसोलाव , बिमा-बिफाफोर आरो खुदियाफोरनि मोनसे दोलो जासिदोंमोन। In order for adults to relax and participate fully in the group, an assistant may be available to supervise walking children in the Infant program, and for childcare in a playroom during storytelling in the Two-to-Four Program. गिदिरफोरा रेहायनोआरो दोलोआव जोबजोसे बाहागो लानो थाखाय, थाबायनाय गथ’फोरखौ गथ’हाबाफारियाव नायगिदिंनो सासे हेफाजाबगिरिखौ मोननो हागौ, आरो नै निफ्राय ब्रै हाबाफारियाव स’ल खिनथानाय समावबो गेलेग्रा खथायाव गथ’ जोथोनखालामग्रा नांगौ। In Sept. 1999, a follow-up survey was conducted in the same neighborhood where LMCC has been operating since 1994. 1999नि चेपट.आव खाबु नागिरनायया एखे खाथिखालायाव थानाय जायगायाव दैदेनदोंमोन जेराव एलएमसिसिया 1994 निफ्राय फालांगि खालामगासिनो दंमोन। In September 1999 the intake was limited to 75 children. 1999नि चेपटेमबरआव सोनालानाय गोहोआ 75 गथ’फोरसिमसिमा होदों। In the mid-nineties, Celia developed P-CMGP teacher training workshops to train individuals and organisations in the philosophy and methods of the program. गुजि बोसोर गेजेराव, सिलियाया पि-सिएमजिपि फोरोंगिरि फोरोंनायनि कारखानाखौ फेदेरदोंमोन, साफ्रोमबो मानसिफोर आरो गौथुमफोरखौ, सानथौ बिगियानयाव आरो हाबाफारिनि नेमफोरखौ फोरोंनोथाखाय। In the selected community priority was given to children who waste their precious time on the street instead of attending pre-schools or kindergartens. सायख’जानाय सुबुंफोलेराव, सेथि अबस्थाया जाय गथ’फोरा गावसिनि बेसेन गोनां समखौ गिबि फरायसालि एबा गेलेनाय सोलोंथाय फरायसालियाव थांआब्लानो लामायाव थालाबायनायफोरनो होजादों। It has a national structure, with regional offices and local programs, and is governed by a Board of Directors from across Canada. बेहा हारिनां दाथायजों लोगोसे हादाबारि मावख’ आरो जायगानि हाबाफारिफोर दं, आरो केनाडानि बै फारसेथिंनि आफाद सालायगिरिजों बेंजायो। It is also pleasing to note that all children were vaccinated against polio by a visiting medical team from the Ministry of Health. बेबो गोजोनथाव नोजोर होनो थाखाय दि गासाबो गथ’फोरा देहानि मनथ्रि आफाद निफ्राय बेरायफैनाय दाक्टारि हानजाजों पलिअनि बेरेखायै टिका होजाबाय। It was observed that this community is situated in a very disadvantaged area, which is also highly polluted and many children are seen on the streets playing in very unhygienic conditions. बे नोजोरहोजाबाय दि बे सुबुं फोलेरा, जोबोद खाबुगैयै जायगायाव दं जायबो गोबांयैनो गुबुंले खालामजायो आरो गोबां गथ’फोरा देहा गोनां नङै थासारियाव गेलेनाय नुजायो। It was obvious from the survey that the drop out rate has substantially been reduced. बे नोजोरहोनाय निफ्राय नुसारनाय दि फरायनाय एंगारनायनि हारा गोबांयैनो खमायबाय। Level Two workshops deepen teachers' understanding and abilities. थाखो नै कारखानाफोरा फोरोंगिरि फोरनि बुजिनाय आरो गोहोफोरखौ गोथौसिन खालामो। Local Programs provide direct service for families in communities, encourage participants to grow in leadership skills, network with other community organisations, create opportunities for local rhyme and storytelling groups, fundraise locally. जायगानि हाबाफारिफोरा सुबुं फोलेरनि न’खरफोरनि गोथोंयै हेफाजाब होयो, बाहागो लाग्राफोरखौ दैदेनगिरिनि गुनयाव फेदेरनो थुलुंगा होयो, गुबुन सुबुं फोलेर गौथुमफोरजों सोमोनदो थालाय होयो, जायगानि सन’द आरो स’ल खिनथानाय हानजाफोरनो सुबिदा सोमजियो, जायगायावनो जमायनाय रां दिखोयो। Lucy Mother and Child Care (LMCC) is an indigenous organization founded in September 1993. लुसि मादार आरो साइलड खेरआ (एलएमसिसि) मोनसे हादोरारि गौथुम 1993नि चेपटेमबरयाव गायसनजानाय। MD is responsible for: training, the network of programs, resource development, including the website and professional support for our workshop facilitators and members, setting and maintaining standards, advocacy, national fundraising and research. एमदिया, फोरोंनायनि, हाबाफारिनि सोमोनदो थालायनाय राहा फेदेरनाय, लोगोसे वेबसाइट आरो जोंनि कारखाना गोरलै खालामग्राफोरा आरो सोद्रोमाफोर निथाखाय आखाफाखा सुंथा होनो, मानथाखो थिक खालामनो आरो लाखिनो, हेफाजाब नो, हारिनां रां जमायनाय जौगाहोनो आरो नायबिजिरनाय निथाखाय, फिन होनो गोनां जायो। Now the children could stay the whole day having enough time for playing and learning. दा गथ’फोरा सानसे थानो हायो, थोजासे गेलेनो आरो सोलोंनो थाखाय सम दं। On Joan’s experience in the New York City Head Start Program and her deep conviction of the value of using rhymes and stories orally with children and adults. One 7 year old female child was found to have seizure disorder and was referred to the Ethio-Swedish Hospital for further evaluation and management. सासे 7 बैसोनि हिनजाउसा गथ’आ चिजिउर बेराम होमनो मोनदों आरो बांसिन अनजिमा थिखालामनो आरो सामलायनो थाखाय एथि’ सुयदिस हसफिथालयाव थोनहर जादों। Our programs are delivered through local community centres and agencies, and can offer a safe entry point for parents living in situations of risk. जोंनि हाबाफारिफोरा जायगानि सुबुंफोलेर मिरु आरो थानदैफोरनि गेजेरजों बिलाइ जोयो, आरो बिमा-बिफा खैफोदनि थासारियाव थानायफोरनो खैफोद गैयै थि हाफहोग्रा होनो हायो। Our programs have been particularly effective for parents living in situations of risk. जोंनि हाबाफारिफोरा बिमा-बिफा खैफोदनि थासारियाव थानाय फोरनो जुनियायै जाउन गोनां जादोंमोन। Our workshops and programs have assisted many organisations in fulfilling their mandate for serving families with young children. जोंनि दाखुंसालिफोरा आरो हाबाफारिफोरा गोबां गौथुमफोरखौ हेफाजाब होबाय बिसोरनि बिथोनखौ जाफुंहोनो न’खरफोरनो मावना होनो उन्दै गथ’फोरजों। Our workshops have been purchased by agencies and organisations across Canada and internationally. जोंनि दाखुंसालिफोरा थानदैफोरजों आरो केनाडानि बै फारसेथिं आरो बुहुमनाङै गौथुमफोरजों बायजाबाय। Out of the 122 children examined, 29% (36) were found to be healthy with no clinically identified problems. 122 नायजानाय गथ’फोरनि गेजेराव, 29% (36) फोरा देहा गोनां मोनदों ख्लिनिखेलि सिनायजानाय जेंना गैयाबोला। P-CMG Programs are run by accredited teachers, report regularly to the office and pay an annual fee. पि-सिएमजि हाबाफोरा गोहोमोनाय फोरोंगिरिफोरजों सालायजायो, मावख’आव सामफ्रामबो थि नुजाफैयो आरो बोसोरारि रां होयो। Parents gain skills and confidence which can enable them to create positive family patterns during their children's crucial early years, and give their children healthy early experiences with language and communication. बिमा बिफाफोरा रोंनायनि आरो साहस मोनो जाय बिसोरखौ मिजिंगोनां महर सोरजिनो गोहो होयो, बिसोरनि गथ’फोरनि गिबि गोब्राब बोसोरफोराव, आरो बिसोरनि गथ’फोरनि गिबि देहा गोनां रोंगौथिखौ राव आरो खौरां फोसावलायनो होयो। Practicum Experience is experience teaching the P-CMGP. प्रेखथिखाम रोंगौथिआ पिसिएमजिपिखौ फोरोंनायनि रोंगौथि। Printed versions of the rhymes and songs are supplied at the end of a series of meetings when the participants have had time to internalise some of the material and use it in their everyday lives. सन’द आरो मेथायफोरनि साफायजानाय लिरस्लायनायया मेलनि फारि जोबनाययाव राना होजायो जेब्ला बाहागो लाग्राफोरा माखासे मुवाखौ बुजिनो सम दंमोन आरो बेफोरखौ बिसोरनि सामफ्रामबो जिउआव बाहायनो हागोन। Program teachers are trained in the principles, materials and methods needed to run the Program effectively. हाबाफारि फोरोंगिरिफोरा, बोसोन खानथिफोर, मुवाफोर आरो नेमफोरखौ जाउनयै सालायनो नांगौमोननि थाखाय फोरोंजाखानाय। Programs are based on the training and resources of the Parent-Child Mother Goose Program. हाबाफारिफोरा फोरोंनायनि आरो पेरेन्त साइलड मादार गुस प्रग्रामनि फुंखाफोरनि सायाव सोनाररो। Programs are enjoyable for both teacher and participant, and offer transferable skills for staff to apply to other areas of community service. हाबाफारिफोरा सानैबो फोरोंगिरि आरो बाहागो लाग्रानो रंजाथाव आरो खामानि मावफाग्रानो सोलायलायनो हाथाव रोंनायखौ जासियो सुबुं फोलेर खामानिनि गुबुन ओनयोलाव खावलायो। Regional offices are currently in place in Toronto and British Columbia, and are coordinated by experienced P-CMGP teachers and workshop facilitators who provide local information and support. हादाबारि मावख’फोरा आथिकालाव टरनट आरो ब्रिथिस कलमबियायाव पसं जादों, आरो रोंगौथिनाय पि-सिएमजिपि फोरोंगिरिफोर आरो कारखाना गोरलै खालामग्राफोरजों गोरोबहोजायो जाय जायगानि खौरां आरो हेफाजाब होयो। Rhymes and Songs and Storytelling in the Parent-Child Mother Goose Program provide opportunities to receive in-depth training in the materials and methods of the Program and to meet and share with other P-CMGP teachers. पेरेन्ट साइलड मादार गुस प्रग्रामाव सनद आरो मेथायफोर आरो सल खिनथानायया सुजुग होयो, मुवाफोरनिफ्राय गोथौ सोलोंथि आरो हाबाफारिनि नेमफोर आरो गुबुन पि-सिएमजिपि फोरोंगिरिफोरजों लोगोहमनो आरो रानलायनो मोनो। Stories which the parents can learn and tell to their children may also be included. सल’फोर जायखौ बिमा बिफाफोरा सोलोंनो हायो आरो गावसिनि गथ’फोरनो खिनथानो हायोआबो सोदेरजानो हागौ। Storytelling is an integral part of the Program with the stories being chosen and told for the enjoyment of the adults. सल’खिनथानाया हाबाफारिनि मोनसे गोनां बाहागो जायजों सल’फोरा सायख’जानाय आरो गिदिरफोरनि रंजानायनिथाखाय बुंजानाय। Teacher training combines workshop training with apprenticeship training or practicum experience. फोरोंगिरि फोरोंथायया दाखुंसालि फोरोंथायखौ सोलोंजेनगिरि फोरोंथाय एबा प्रेकटिखाम रोंगौथिजों ज’खालामो। Teacher Training Workshops are taught by accredited facilitators who teach participants the principles and methods of the Parent-Child Mother Goose Program. फोरोंगिरि फोरोंथाय दाखुंसालि गोहो मोननाय गोरलै खालामग्राफोरजों फोरोंजायो जाय बाहागो लाग्राफोरखौ पेरेन्ट साइलड मादार गुस प्रग्रामनि बोसोनखानथि आरो नेमफोरखौ फोरोंङो। That first program was followed by others in different neighbourhoods, and before long, parents with an aptitude for the program were being trained as program teachers through apprenticeship training. बे सेथि हाबाफारिया गुबुन गुबुन न’उसुंसेयारिजों सोलोंजादोंमोन आरो गोदो गोदाय, हाबाफारिनिथाखाय गोसोथानाय बिमा-बिफाफोरा सोलोंजेनगिरि फोरोंथायनि गेजेरजों हाबाफारि फोरोंगिरिफोर बायदि फोरोंजादोंमोन। The annual general health checkup was conducted in March 1999 for the pre-school children with the help of three volunteer physicians from the TikurAnbessa Hospital namely: DrsKaleabTesfaye, HabtamuFekadu and TsinuelGirma. बोसोरे सरासनस्रा देहा नायजानायया 1999नि मार्च्चआव गिबि फरायसालि गथ’फोरनि थाखाय दैदेनदोंमोन, साथाम भलअटियारि देहा फाहामगिरिफोरनि हेफाजाबजों थिखुर एनबेसा हसपिटल निफ्राय जेरै दा. थेसफाये, हाबथामु फेखादु आरो टचिनुएल गिरमा। The atmosphere is accepting and supportive, with the intention of building the confidence of all participants, and creating a feeling of community and mutual support within the group. गासैबो बाहागो लाग्राफोरनि फोथायथि फेदेरनायनि थांखि आरो हानजानि गेजेराव सुबुं फोलेरनि मोनदांनाय आरो गावजों गाव हेफाजाब होनायखौ सोरजिनायजों बारमण्ला आजाबदों आरो थुलुंगा होयो। The children participate as is appropriate to their stage of development and inclination. गथ’फोरा गावसिनि आरजाथाव थाखोआव थाखोआव फेदेरनाय आरो लुबैनायाव बाहागो लायो। The commonest health problem identified was intestinal parasitism, which accounts for 36%, followed by skin infections, 15%, eye infections, 11% ear infections, upper respiratory tract infections, dental cavities and xerophthalmia account for the remaining 12% of the total. मिनथिजासिनाय देहा जेंना सिनायजानायया बिबु पेरेचाइटिस्म, जाय 36% बेखेवना होयो, उनसायाव बिगुर बेराम बारस्लायनायफोरा, 15% मेगन बेराम बारस्लायनायफोरा, 11% खोमाबेरामबारस्लायनायफोरा, गोजौ हां लामाबेराम बारस्लायनायफोरा, हाथाय एमफौ जानाय आरो जेरफथालमियाया जोयैनो थालांनाय 12%खौ बेखेवना होयो। The concept of pre-schools or kindergarten is not popular in particular in poor communities in Ethiopia, be it in urban or rural areas. गिबि-फरायसालि एबा गेलेनाय सोलोंथाय फरायसालिनि सानखांथिया जुनियायै इथपियानि गैजायै सुबुं फोलेराव नोगोरा नो जा एबा गामि ओनसलावबो मिनथिजाया। The first LMCC pre-school was established in September 1994, with an intake of 25 children, this number rose in subsequent years to 150, which was above the physical capacity of the center. सेथि एलएमसिसि गिबि फरायसालिया चेपटेमबरनि 1994याव 25 गथफोर आजाबनायजों गायसन जादोंमोन, बे बिबांआ उननि बोसोरफ्राव 150सिम जौखोदों जाय मिरुनि जायगा लानो हानाय गोहोनिफ्राय बांद्रायदों। The first project area selected by LMCC is a community living in the industrial zone of Addis Ababa, behind the Addis lyre Factory. एलएमसिसि जों सायख’जानाय सेथि आसनि ओनसोला मोनसे सुबुं फोलेर जाय एददिस बिना कारखानानि खिथुआव एदिदिस आबाबानि दारिमिनारि मण्डलाव थायो। The founders of the program, Celia Lottridge and Katherine Grier, were inspired by a pilot project created by Barry Dickson and Joan Bodger. हाबाफारिनि गायसनगिरिफोर, सिलिआ लटरिज्ज आरो केटरिन ग्रियारआ, बेरि दिकसन आरो जवान बडजोरजों सोरजिजानाय आनजादआरिजों थुलुंगा होजादोंमोन। The idea was to begin at the beginning with the relationship between parent and baby or young child, and to use the pleasure and power of rhymes, songs and stories taught and experienced orally in a group setting to nurture the parent-child relationship and to foster family wellness. सानस्रिया गिबियावनो जागायजानांगौमोन, बिमा-बिफा आरो गोरलै गथ’ एबा उन्दैगथ’फोरनि गेजेरनि समोनदोजों आरो गोजोननाय बाहायनो आरो सनद’फोर, मेथायफोर आरो सल’फोरनि गोहोखौ फोरोंनो आरो हानजा साजायनाययाव बाथ्रायै रोंमोनदांनायया बिमा-बिफा-गथ’ समोनदखौ जोथोननै फेदेरनो आरो न’खरनि मोजांनि थाखाय थुलुंगा होनो। The information you provide may be used to deliver services, and to keep you informed and up to date on the activities of PCMG, including programs, services, special events, funding needs, opportunities to volunteer or to make a donation, and related information. नों होनाय खौराङा खामानि बिलायनायाव बाहायजानो, आरो नोंखौ पि.सि.एम.जिनि खामानिफोराव फोरमाय होबाय थानो आरो आथिखालसिम खौरां होबाय थानो हागौमोन लोगोसे हाबाफारिफोर, खामानिफोर, जरखा जाथायफोर, सहाय नांनायफोर, भलुनतियार खालामनायनि सुबिदा एबा दान होनाय आरो बेजों सोमोनदो गोनां खौरां जगायो। The main aim of LMCC is to provide pro-school education for children from low income families. एलएमसिसिनि गिबि थांखिया गाहाय आय न’खरफोरनिफ्राय फैनाय गथ’फोरनो गिबि-फरायसालि सोलोंथाय होनो। The Mother Goose Enrichment Program was based on Barry’s experiments using rhymes and stories with the children in his care. मादार गुस एनरिचमेन्ट प्रग्रामा बेरिनि गावनि जोथोन लानाय गथ’फोरजोंनाव सनद’फोरआरो सल’फोर बाहायनानै आनजाद नायनायनि सायाव। The P-CMGP is a group program in which parents/caregivers take part together with their infants or young children. पि-सिएमजिपिआ मोनसे हानजासे हाबाफारि जेराव बिमा-बिफाफोरा/जोथोन-होग्राफोरा गावसिनि खुदिया एबा उन्दै गथ’फोरजों ज’बाहागो लाफायो। The pace is slow and relaxed with plenty of time for repetition of material and casual discussion of issues and questions that arise. गोबां मुवानिआरो सावरायनो गोनांनिमाबलाबा सावरायनाय आरो बेसोंलुफोरसोंनायनि गले गलेनिथाखाय गोबांसम जों बे समा(आगाना) लासै आरो आराम। The Parent Child Mother Goose Program respects your privacy. पेरेन्ट साइलड मादार गुस प्रग्रामा नोंनि निजोमथिखौ मान होयो। The Parent-Child Mother Goose Program has grown and become a multifaceted organisation. पेरेन्ट साइलड मादार गुस प्रग्रामा देरबाय आरो गोबां-मोखां गौथुम जाबाय। The Parent-Child Mother Goose Program is a group experience for parents and their babies and young children which focuses on the pleasure and power of using rhymes, songs, and stories together. पेरेन्ट साइलड मादार गुस प्रग्रामाया बिमा बिफा आरो बिसोरनि खुदियाफोर आरो उनदै गथ’फोरनि थाखाय मोनसे खौसेथि रोंमोनदांथि जाय जयै सनद’, मेथाय आरो सल’फोर बाहायनायनि गोजोन आरो गोहोनि सायाव गोसो होयो। The Parent-Child Mother Goose Program started in 1986 in Toronto, Ontario. पेरेन्ट साइलड मादार गुस प्रग्रामाया तरनत’, अनतेरिअयाव 1986याव जागायदोंमोन। The Parent-Child Mother Goose Program Teacher Training Workshop covers the materials, methods and underlying ideas of the program. पेरेन्ट साइलड मादार गुस प्रग्रामाया फोरोंगिरि फोरोंथाय दाफुंसालि या हाबाफारिनि मेतेरिएल, मेथद आरो गोनांथि होजानाय सानस्रिफोरखौ सरजाबो। The prescribed medicines were purchased partly by parents and partly by LMCC. गनायथि होजानाय मुलैफोरा खावसे बिमा बिफाजों आरो खावसे एल.एम.सि.सिजो बायजायोमोन। The Program can be run in a variety of settings and can be offered either to a particular client group or to the public at large. हाबाफारिखौ गोबां रोखोमनि दाथायफोराव सालाय जायो आरो मोनसे जुनिया ग्राहक (client) हानजानो एबा गुवारै रायजो-राजाफोरनोबो होजायो। The Program is aimed at families in need of support for any of a variety of reasons. बायदि रोखोम जाहोनफोरनि जायखि-जाया मोनसेनि थाखाय हेफाजाबनि गोनांथियाव हाबाफारिफोरखौ नखरफोराव थांखि लानाय जायो। The result of the survey showed that most of the children who benefited from the LMCC Pre-school are now enrolled in primary schools. सारभेनि फिथाया दिनथिदोंमोनदि एल.एम.सि.सि आगु-फरायसालिनिफ्राय मुलामफा जानाय बांसिन गथ’फोरानो आथिखालाव गुदि फरायसालिफोराव मुं थिसन जायो। The Teacher Training Workshops have led to hundreds of Parent-Child Mother Goose Programs® being offered in communities across Canada. फोरोंगिरि फोरोंथाय दाफुंसालिफोरा कानादानाङैनो हारिफोरनो बावसोमनाय गोबां पेरेन्त-साइल्द मादार गुस प्रग्रामफोरखौ दैदेनदों। The three teachers all recruited from the community have now more time to give due attention to the children. हारिनिफ्राय थिसनजानाय गासै साथाम फोरोंगिरिफोरहा आथिखालाव गथ’फोरखौ मोजाङै नोजोर होनो गोबां सम थायो। These children come from the surveyed neighborhood. बेफोर गथ’फोरा सारभे खालामजानाय नसुंसेरनिफ्राय फैयो। They found that the shared words, actions, images and feelings of rhymes and stories enhanced the relationship between parents and their children and gave them long-lasting resources. बिसोर मोनदोंमोनदि बाहागो लायनाय बाथ्राफोर, खामानिफोर, सनद’ आरो सल’फोरनि सानदांथि आरो मोनदांथिफोरा बिमा-बिफा आरो बिसोरनि गथ’फोरनि गेजेराव सोमोनदोखौ बांहोदोंमोन आरो बिसोरनो जोरथाय गोनां फुंखाफोर होदोंमोन। They help to build and strengthen communities, and provide a safe entry point into services. बिसोर हारिफोरखौ दानो आरो गोख्रों खालामो हेफाजाब होयो, आरो खामानिफोराव (services) हाबनो रैखाथि गोनां हाबनाय लामा जगायो। This network of Programs is growing and is strengthened by sharing experiences through newsletters, the Internet and conferences. हाबाफारिफोरनि बे नेतवार्कया जौगागासिनो दं आरो खौरां-लाइजामफोर, इनतारनेत आरो मेलफोरनि गेजेरजों रोंमोनदांथिफोरखौ बाहागो लालायनायजों गोख्रों खालाम जादों। This shift towards families with differing degrees and kinds of needs proved beneficial, as parents became resources and models for one another. गोनांथिफोरनि गुबुन गुबुन बिबां आरो रोखोमफोरजों नखरफोरनि फारसे जानाय बे दोरोदथाया मुलामफा गोनां फोरमान खालामदोंमोन, मानोना बिमा बिफाफोरा सासेया गुबुन सासेनि थाखाय फुंखा आरो बिदिनथिफोर जादोंमोन। Those establishing a Program use the trademarked name and enter into an annual Agreement with the Parent-Child Mother Goose Program. हाबाफारि गायसनगिरिफोरा त्रेदमार्क मुं बाहायो आरो पेरेन्त- साइल्द मादार गुस प्रग्रामजों मोनसे बोसोरारि सुकतियाव (agreement) हाबो। We do not rent, sell or trade any personal any personal information including mailing lists. लैइलिं फारिलाइफोरखौ सरजाबफानानै, जों जेबो गावयारि खौरांफोरखौ भारा होया, फाना एबा फालांगि खालामा। We offer ongoing support to Programs through e-mail and telephone consultation, our website, program visits and conferences. जों हाबाफारिफोरनो इ-मैइल आरो तेलिफन कनसालतेसोन, जोंनि वेबसाइत, हाबाफारि दावबायहैनाय आरो मेलफोरनि गेजेरजों बोहैथि हेफाजाब होयो। We protect the personal information we collect and adhere to all legislative requirements with respect to protecting your privacy. जों बुथुमनाय गावयारि खौरांखौ रैखा खालामो आरो नोंनि गावयारिखौ रैखा खालामनो गासै नेमखानथि गोनांथिफोरखौ राहा खालामगोन। When the pilot project was over, Katherine Grier approached Celia Lottridge and said that the program needed to be continued. जेब्ला आनजाद नायनाया जोबदोंमोन, काथेरिन ग्रियेरया सेलिया लत्रिज्दखौ लोगो हमहैदोंमोन आरो खावलायदोंमोनदि हाबाफारिखौ सोलिहोबाय थानाय गोनांथि। While outreach remained concentrated on families most in need, the program was open to all. जेब्ला जोबोर आंखालाव थानाय नखरफोराव उदायै सुबुंफोरा साग्लोबनानै दंमोन, हाबाफारिखौ गासैनि थाखायबो बेखेवनाय जादोंमोन। A 2003 study on trafficking in the region by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) estimated that 1,000 Mozambican woman and children were being trafficked to South Africa every year, mainly for sexual exploitation. ओनसोलाव त्रेफिक खालामनायनि सायाव 2003 नि नायबिजिरनायया, इनतारनेसनाल अरगेनायजेसन पर मायग्रेसनजों (आय अ एम) आनदास खालामदोंदि गाहाययै आथोन सोमोनदै बाहायनो थाखाय 1000 मजामबिखान हिनजाव आरो गथफोरा बोसोरफ्रोमबो साउत आफ्रिखायाव त्रेफिक खालाम जागासिनो दंङमोन। A collaboration among individuals and institutions established in 2005. गावारिफोर आरो आफादफोरनि मोनसे खोउसेथि गेजेराव 2005आव गायसन जादों। A SC statement called for the passage of the proposed legislation, more cooperation between countries in Southern Africa, increased awareness on the dangers of trafficking and to ensure that survivors had access to proper care. मोनसे एस सि बेखेवनायया, खोलाफारसे आफ्रिखानि हादोरफोरनि गेजेरराव बांसिन हेफाजाब होनायनि त्रेफिक खालामनायनि गिनांगौनि बारै सांग्रांथि बांनायनि, आरो थांनानै थानायफोरा मोजाम जोथोन मोननायनि थिखालामनायनि बुंथिनाय आएन दानायनि फराबिलाय निथाखाय लेंहरदों। A UN report also says the countries were not making adequate progress in providing health care. मोनसे इउएन फोरमायथिआबो बुंयो, बादोरफोरा देहा जोथोन होनाययाव नांगौमानि जौगानाय खालामाखै। According to Chris McIvor, country director for SC-UK in Mozambique, the increased number of cases reported points to a deeper and more pervasive problem throughout Southern Africa. क्रिष मखलभर मजामबिकिउआबो एससि –इउखेनि हादोर बिथोनगिरिनि बायदिब्ला, गोबां जाथायफोर बांनायया बिबांफोरखौ गोथौ आरो गोबां गोसारनो हानाय जेंनाखौ खोलाफारसे आफ्रिखानि गासैयावबो। According to McIvor the economic and social factors that create the vulnerability continues to worsen in many countries in the region. मेखआयभरनि बायदिब्ला, रांखानथि आरो समाजआरि जाहोन जाय गाग्लोबनोहाथाव सोरजियो, ओनसोलनि गोबां हादोरफोरखौ गाज्रिसिन खालामलांबाय थायो। All in all the team was highly appreciative of what LMCC has done for the welfare of the children of the community and that it should intensify efforts also in the future. गासैयै गासै, हानजाया जोबोद बाखनायथाव, जेएलएमसिसिया हारिमानि गथफोरनि गाहामथिनि थाखाय खालामना होनायखौ आरो बेखौ उनावबो गोख्रौंयै नाजा होनांगोन। All this is closely related to diet, the most serious aspect being the speeding up of growth, as a result of hormonal stimulation. बेफोर गासिबो आदारजों खाथियै सोमोनदोगोनां, बांसिन गोनांथि नुथायया, गोख्रै देरनाय, हरमननाल जाखांहोनायनि जाउननि थाखाय। Although the practice is believed to be growing, accurate statistics on the magnitude of the problem remain elusiver. जदिअबा सरआ देरगासिनो दं होनना फोथायजायो माननि थि सेथिसथिक्सनि जेंनाया दिहुननो गोब्राब जाना थाबाय। An authorized accountant audited LMCC account of the years 1996-99. सासे मोनथायगहोजानाय रां सानगिरिया 1996-1999 बोसोरनि एलएमसिसि एकाउन्टखौ सानदोंमोन। As a result such children do not perform well in elementary schools and many drop out of school and some end up in the streets. बे जाउननि थाखाय बेफोर गथफोरा गुदि फरायसालिफोराव मोजांयै मावफुंनो आरो गोबांआनो फरायसालि एंगारो आरो माखासेफोरा लामाफोरावनो थालांयो। As a start, collecting, exchanging and analysing information on organized criminal networks is a fruitful approach to addressing trafficking in persons, especially with information on routes used by traffickers. बे जुरिजेननायनि थाखाय, जमायनाय, सोलायनाय आरो दाजानाय दायगिरि नेटवारकफोराव खौरां नायसन्नाय खालामनायया फिथायगोनां त्रेफिक खालामनाय अनजिमानो होयो होयो, गुबैयै जायहा त्रेफिकखारफोरनि लामा बाहायग्रानि खौरां दं। As soon as weaning is over, the main emphasis should be on fruit and vegetables, with the addition of cereals and natural seeds. आहार जाहोनायया जोबनाय लगे लगे, गुबै गोहोमा फिथाय आरो मैगंफोर, सिरिलस आरो मिथिंगायारि बेगरफोरजों दाजाबदेरनाय जानांगोन। As traffickers become more adept at concealing their activities, "we must all be worried that what we have seen in recent months is only the tip of the iceberg". As you can see, animal foods are unnecessary; to raise a child you need two arms and two breasts. जेरै नों नुयो, जुनार आदारफोरा गोनां नङा, गथखौ फेदेरनो थाखाय नोंनो मोननै आखाय आरो मोननै आबु नांगौ। At AVI we have always sought to combat false information. एभिआययाव, जों जेब्लाबो नंखाय खौरांखौ हेंथा होनो नाजाबाय। At that time women started working in factories, which had an unnatural effect on childcare. बै समाव हिनजावफोरा दारिमिन फोराव मावबायमोन, जायनि थाखाय गथ जोथोननाव मिथिंगायारि नङै जाउन जादों। Besides, it is the underlying cause of a fifth of maternal deaths at childbirth. बेनि अनगायै, बेनो गथ’ जोनोमआव बिमायानि थैनायनि बाथि गुबै जाहोन। Characteristics of mammals include their love for their young, which is determined by brain development, and suckling of them. आहार जाग्रा जुनारफोरनि आखुफोरा जादों बिसोरनि उन्दैफोरखौ अननाय होनाय, जाय मेलेम जौगानायजों, आरो बिसोरनि सोबलायनायजों थिरां खालामजायो। Child will be admitted to school under the age of seven. सनि बैसोनि सिंनि गथ’फोरखौ फरायसालियाव हाबहोजागोन। Children eat the wrong food, overhigh in calories, and fall ill more and more often. गथ’फोरा जानांयै आदारखौ जायो, केल’रिस नांनायनि बारा, आरो बारानिफ्रा बारा खनले खनले लोमजाबाय थायो। Consequently, no suspected trafficker has ever been tried for the crime, even though the practice is illegal under international law. बेनिखायनो, सनदे खालामजानाय रावबो त्रेफिकखालामग्राखौ माब्लाबाबो दायनि थाखाय दायबिजिरनाय जायाखै, जुदिबो बे खामानिया बुहुमनां आइननि सिङाव इनाय खामानि। Cow's milk combined with meat, fish and cheese and other many things. मोसौनि गाइखेरा, बेदर, ना आरो गाइखेर मिखि आरो गुबुन गोबां मुवाजों लागाय जादों। Cow's milk contains 4 times as much protein; rabbit's milk, 10 times as much. मोसौनि गाइखेरा 4 गुन बारा प्रटिन थायो; सेसानि गाइखेरा, 10 गुन बार थायो। Cow's milk was chosen because it was so easily available worldwide. मोसौनि गाइखेरा सायख’जादोंमोन मानोना बेयो बुहुमनाङै जोबोद गोरलैयै मोननो हाथावमोन। Currently, even where trafficking is criminalised, cases are not investigated or investigations do not result in convictions. आथिकालाव, त्रेफिक खालामनाययाबो जेराव दानिगिरि खालामजादों, जाथायया नायबिजिरजायाखै एबा नायबिजिरनायया दायनिगिरि खालामनाययाव जाउन होआ। Drop out was one of the problems observed during the first survey of 1994. सम 1994नि गिबि फरायनाययाव, फरायसालि एंगारनाया मोनसे जेंना बायदि नोजोर होजादों। Exploitation and abuse of human trafficking victims, mainly taken from Mozambique to South Africa, has seen a surge in media headlines but experts warn this is just "the tip of the iceberg." गुबैयै मजामबिकनिफ्राय खोला आफ्रिकासिम लांजानाय मानसि त्रेफिक खालामनाय भुगिगिरिफोरखौ गाज्रि खालामनाय आरो गाज्रि बाहायनायखौ बिजों गाहाय खौरां महरै बांबोनायखौ नुनाय जादों, नाथाय गोरों गोरोफोरा हुसियार खालामो बेयो "गिदिर जेंना जानायनि फिसा सिन"। Feeding with milk from another species, treated to make it closer to that of the correct species, leads to dangerous counter indications. गुबुन रोखोमफोर निफ्राय गाइखेर दौजानायया, बै नोंगौ रोखोमफोरनि खाथिसिम बानायनो बाहायनायया, गिथाव काउन्टर सिनआव दिनथियो। For the new academic year, which started in Sept 1999, 75 children were enrolled. गोदान भुमफरायसालि बोसोरनि थाखाय जाय सेप्ट 1999 मायथायाव जागायजेनजादोंमोन, 75 गथ’फोरा मुं थिसन जादोंमोन। Higher levels of unemployment, young people looking for better lives, demands in some countries for illegal, cheap labour create the conditions that are ripe for trafficking. साख्रि मोनैनि गोजौसिन थाखो, सेंग्रा-सिख्ला साबसिन थानो राहा नागिरनाय, आइन नङैनि माखासे हादोरफोराव दाबिनाय, दामगोयै मावनाया थासारि सोमजिहोयो जाय त्रेफिक खालामनायनि थाखाय मोजां। However, the report indicates that up to 3.2 million babies die each year in the first 12 weeks after birth. जेखिजाया, फोरमान बिलाया दिनथियो दि बोसोरफ्रोमबो जोनोमनि उनाव गुदि 12 सपथायाव 3.2 मिलियनसिम खुदियाफोर थैयो। Human milk contains 1.2% protein, minus 0.3% non-proteic nitrogen, which leaves 0.9%. मानसिनि गायखेरा 1.2% प्रटिन दङ’, 0.3% प्रटिन गैयै नात्रजेन दानख’ जानाय 0.9 थालाङो। Human milk is high in glucose, which feeds the brain, but low in mineral salts. मानसिनि गायखेरा ग्लुखसाव गोबां, जाय मेलेमखौ जाहोयो, नाथाय मिनारेल संख्रियाव खम। Human trafficking is a problem in the whole Southern Africa region though South Africa is the regional magnet for most countries. मानसिनि त्रेफिकि खालामनाया खोलायारि आफ्रिकानि गासिबो ओनसोलाव जेंना, ओब्लाबो साउथ आफ्रिकाया बांसिन हादोरफोरनिथाखाय आनसोलारि समबुक। Humans are mammals needing less protein, since we grow more slowly, over a period of 25 years, and sexual maturity is reached later. मानसिफोरा आहार जाहोग्रा जिब, जायनो इसेल’ प्रटिन नांगौ, मानोना जों 25 बैसोनि गेजेराव लासेसिनै देरो आरो आथोन सोमोनदै देरनायखौ उनाव सौहायो। If legislation is not yet in place other existing legislation to prosecute the traffickers should be considered. जुदि आइन दानाया दाबोनो जायगायाव गैया, गुबुन थाखानाय आइन दाग्राफोरा त्रेफिक खालामग्राफोरनि सायाव बिसार खालामनायखौ गनायजाथारनांगौ। In 12 countries, the average annual rate of reduction in under-five mortality since 1990 has not changed, the report says. फोरमायथिया बुङो, 1990निफ्राय बाबैसोनि सिंनि थैनायनि खमायनायनि गड़ बोसोरारि हारआ,12 हादोरफोराव दाबो सोलायाखै। In 1999 some efforts were made to improve facilities for the reading room, which caters for older children. 1999आव जाय गिदिरसिन गथफोरनि थाखाय जगायो, माखासे नाजानाया सुजुकखौ फरायग्रा गथनि थाखाय साबसिन खालाम होजादों। In Africa, close to a million children below the age of five die from malaria annually. आफ्रिकायाव, बोसोरारियै मिलियन खाथिसिम, बा बैसोनि गाहाय गथफोरा मेलेरिया निफ्राय थैयो। In Sept. 1999, a follow-up survey was conducted in the same neighborhood where LMCC has been operating since 1994. 1999नि सेप्टेमबरआव, मोनसे सोलोंनाय नायबिजिरनायया एखे न’उसुंआरियाव जेराव एल.एम.सि.सिआ 1994निफ्राय सालायगासिनो दङआव दैदेनदों। In the 68 countries, coverage rates for pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria treatment are poor and are not improving, the document adds. 68 हादोरफोराव फोरमान बिलाइआ सोदेरयोदि निउमनिया, खिसावनाय आरो मेलेरियानि सिकिटसा खालामनायनि लाफादेरनाय गड़आ गैया आरो साफसिननाखै। In the nineteenth century menstruation started around 18-20 years of age, whereas in the 1960s it had dropped to around age 14, and now first takes place at age 8-10. जिगु जौथायआव आथोनारि थै गनाया 18-20 बैसोनि गेजेराव जाजेनोमोन, नाथाय 1960सो निफ्राय, बियो 14 बैसोनि गेजेराव हायख्लायबोबाय, आरो दानिया गिबिआ 8-10 बैसोआव जाजेनो। Kenya is among countries that account for 97 per cent of maternal and child deaths globally. केनियाया हादोरफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे जाय बुहुमनाङै बिमायारि आरो गथ थैनायनि 97 जौखोनदोखौ लाफायो। Lack of awareness and "the clandestine nature makes it difficult to investigate trafficking cases and identify all role-players". सांग्रां जानायनि खम आरो गुमुर महरा त्रेफिक खालामनाय जाथायखौ आरो गासिबो बाहागो लाफाग्राखौ नायबिजिरनायाव हेंथा खालामो। Like any illegal practice which brings financial profits to people who carry out such activities, it is highly likely that there are many more cases that remain unreported. जिखुनु आइन गोयै हाबा सोलोंनाय जाय सुबुंफोरनो रां मुलामफा लाबोयो, जाय बेफोर बायदि सर’खौ लाबोयो, बियो गोख्रोंयै जानो हाथावोदि बेयाव गोबां जाथायफोरा फोरमान गैयै जानानै दङ। Many come on Saturdays to read and study at the center. गोबांआनो मिरुआव फरायनो आरो सोलोंनो सुनिबाराव फैयो। Meat is not necessary, is not a source of selenium, is not a food to be taken daily, as this runs counter to guidelines for healthy eating and the recommendations of the European Code for Cancer Prevention; and meat is not essential for children to grow properly. बेदरा गोनां नङा, सेलिनिआमनि फुंखा नङा, सानफ्रोमबो जाजानाय आदार नङा मानोना बेबो देहा गोनां आदार जानायनि बोसोनफोरनि काउन्टारखौ सालाययो, आरो गथफोर मोजाङै देरनो थाखाय गोनांथि नङा। Most penal codes include crimes such as rape, abduction and fraud, and these crimes are often committed in trafficking cases. बांसिन पेनेल कदफोरा जिनाहारि खालामनाय, खावना लांनाय आरो थगानायफोरखौ लाफायौ आरो बेफोर दायफोरा त्रेफिक खालामनाय जाथायाव बांसिन खालाम जायो। Mozambican law makes no provision for prosecuting alleged human traffickers. मजामबिकान आइना दाय होजानाय मानसि त्रफिक खालामग्राफोरनि बिसारनि थाखाय जेबो राहा गैया। Now the children could stay the whole day having enough time for playing and learning. दानिया गथफोरा सानसे मानि थानो हासै, गलेनाय आरो सोलोंनायनि थाखाय थोजासे सम दङ। Of course the amount absorbed by the body is lower than this. नोंथारगौ, देहाजों सोबखांजानाय जखाया बेनिफ्राय खमसिन। Other event of the year for the Pre-school was the evaluation of the program by a team of experts sent by the Addis Ababa City Administration. गुदि फरायसालिनि थाखाय, बे बोसोरनि गुबुन जाथाइआ एदिस आबाबा एदमिनिसत्रेसनजों थिनहरजानाय, गोरोंपोरनि हानजाजों खालामजानाय हाबाफारिनि बेसेन थिखालामनाय। People are tempted to find what they need and become susceptible to the promises that people make. सुबुंफोरा नागिरनो लुबैयो माखौ बिसोरनो नांगौ आरो सुबुंफोर समाय लानायफोरजों गोसो गुरै जायो। People were not however aware of its different composition, and its use led to disasters: children died. थेवबो सुबुंफ्रा बेनि जुदा सुजुथायाव सांग्रां नङामोन, आरो बिनि बाहायथिया खैफोदफोरसिम दैदेनदोंमोन: गथफोर थैदोंमोन। Pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria, together with under-nutrition, caused 54 per cent of the 10.6 million annual deaths in the first five years, the report states. फोरमायथिया खिनथायो, गिबि बा बोसोराव 10.6 मिलियननि बोसोरफ्रोमबो थैनाययाव 54 जौखोनदो जाहोना निम’निया, खिसाउनाय बेराम, आरो मेलेरिआया, लोगोसे आदार आंखालजों। Shongwe has helped hundreds of children who passed through his home on their way back to Mozambique. संवेआ जौसे-फोर गथ’फोरखौ हेफाजाब होदों जाय बिनि न’नि गेजेरजों बारस’लांदों, मजामबियाव थांफिननाययाव। The auditors report and recommendations were approved by the Board. सानगिरिफोरनि फोरमायथि आरो गनायथिफोरा, ब’र्डजों गनायजादोंमोन। The clandestine nature makes it difficult to investigate trafficking cases and identify all role-players. दोनख्मानाय मिथिंगाया त्राफिकखालामनाय जाथायफोरखौ नायसंनो आरो गासै बिफाव-लागिरिफोरखौ सिनायथिनो गोब्राब खालामो। The consumption of non-natural food causes the human body to be prone to more frequent illness, starting in the first months of life. मिथिंगायारिनङै आदार जानाया मानसिनि देहाखौ जोबोर खनले खनलेयै लोमजाग्रा जाहायो, जिउनि गिबि दानफोराव जागायजेननानै। The emotional "food" is the most important: touching, the proximity of the parents. आबेगारि “खाजाया” जोबोर गोनांथि: बिमा बिफाफोरनि साखाथिखौ मोनदांनाय। The fight against trafficking calls for broad, multi-agency and cooperative criminal justice responses, nationally, regionally and internationally. हादोरारियै, ओनसोलआरियै आरो हादोर इसिङारियै त्रेफिक खालामनाय हेंथाङै जुजिनाया गुवारै, बां-एजेनसि आरो क’अ’पारितिभ दायनिगिरि नियाइ मोननायफोरखौ हांख्रायो। The first batch of children has reached the 5th grade. गथ’फोरनि गिबि हानजाया 5थि फारिसिम सहैबाय। The first LMCC pre-school was established in September 1994, with an intake of 25 children, this number rose in subsequent years to 150. गिबि एलएमसिसि आगु-फरायसालिया 25 गथ’फोर आजावथिजों, सेपतेमबर 1994याव गायसनजादोंमोन, बे अनजिमाया उन बोसोरफोराव 150 बांहैदोंमोन। The history of mother and child care begins halfway through the nineteenth century with the industrial revolution. बिमा आरो गथ’ जोथोननि जारिमिना दारमिनारि सोमावसारथिजों जिगु जौथायनि गेजेर ससेयाव जागायजेनदों। The issue is broader than the orthodox image of trafficking, where individuals are transported across a border against their will. जेंनाया त्राफिकखालामनायनि गरामि सानखांथिनिख्रुइ गुवारसिन, जेराव सुबुंफोरखौ बिसोरनि लुबैनाय हेंथायै सिमानि सोरगिदिं दैथायनाय जायो। The latest involved the sexual enslavement of three Mozambican children, aged between 14 and 16, at a brothel in South Africa's capital, Pretoria. गोदानै 14 आरो 16 बोसोर बैसोनि साथाम मजामबिकान गथ’फोरखौ खोला आफ्रिकानि राजथावनि प्रेत’रियाव आथोनारि बानदिखौ सरजाबफादोंन। The main reason behind what is going on is there is more poverty in Mozambique so people are attracted to South Africa to find a better life. जा जागासिनो दं बेनि गुबै जाहोना जादों मजामबिकयाव गोबां गैजारोङैफोर दं बेखायनो मानसिफोरा साबसिन जिउ मोननो खोला आफ्रिकायाव गोसोबोजायो। The media however tell us the opposite, but often they have been forced to change their stance because of pressure from us. थेवब्लाबो मेदियाया(media) जोंनो उलथाखौसो बुङो, नाथाय गोबां समाव जोंनिफ्राय नारसिनथाय मोननायनि थाखाय बिसोर बिसोरनि गसंथिखौ(stance)खौ सोलायनो बाध्य खालामजायो The Mozambican Council of Ministers approved a specific law against human trafficking and a proposed Children's Act in 2007, but both are still pending parliament's approval. मनथ्रिफोरनि मजामबिकान काउनसिला मानसि त्राफिकखालामनाय हेंथायै मोनसे जरखा आइन गनायथिदों आरो 2007याव सिलद्रेन्स एक्त बिथांखिदों, नाथाय मोननैबो दासिम पारलियामेन्तनि गनायथियाव थाबथानानै दं। The Mozambican girls found in Pretoria, now reunited with their families in the Mozambican capital, Maputo, had been lured across the border by the promise of work and an education. प्रेतरियायाव मोननाय मजामबिकनि हिनजावसा गथफोरा दा गावसोरनि नखरफोरजों मजामबिकनि राजथावनियाव लोगो मोनफिनलायबाय, मापुटआ खामानि आरो सोलोंथाय होनायनि खोथा होनायजों सिमा बारैलिम लुबैहोजायो। The obese child now symbolises a worsening pathology. सासे लोदो गथआ गाज्रिसिन जालांनाय पेथलजिखौ फोरमान होया। The purpose of the evaluation was to determine if the program has met its objectives. बे नायबिजिरनायनि थांखिया, हाबाया गावनि थांखिखौ मोनदों ना मोनाखैखौ नायनायमोन। The report shows that poor nutrition was the key cause of more than a third of deaths among children under the age of five. खौरांआ दिनथियोदि गाज्रि निउत्रिसनआनो बा बोसोरनि सिंनि गथ’फोरनि गेजेराव थामनिख्रुइ बांसिन थैनायफोरनि गुबै जाहोन। The report was launched at the second Countdown to 2015 Conference held in Cape Town, South Africa, from April 17 to 19, with the 118th Inter-Parliamentary Union Assembly. फोरमायथिया केप ताउन, सावथ आफ्रिखायाव जानाय 2015नि जथुम्मानि नैथि सानख्लायबोजानायाव दिहुनजेन जादोंमोन, एप्रिल 17निफ्राय 19सिम, 118थि इनतार पारलियामेनतारि इउनिय’न एसेमब्लिजों। The result of the survey showed that most of the children who benefited from the LMCC Pre-school are now enrolled in primary schools. नायबिजिरनायनि जाहोना दिनथिदोंदि गथ’फोर जाय एल.एम.सि.सि प्रि स्कुलनि मुलामफाखौ मोनदों, बिसोरो दा प्रायमारि स्कुलाव मुं थिसनजाबाय। The situation has gradually changed down the years, and this continues to this day, with baby food and baby care very much the province of specialists such as the pediatrician, pharmacist and so on. थासारिया फारियै बोसोरफोरजों सोलायबोबाय, आरो बियो दिनैसिम जागासिनो दङ’, गोरलै आदार आरो गोरलैनि जोथोनआ जोबोरै स्पेसिएलिस्तफोरनि आखायनि, जेरै पेदेत्रिसियान, फारमासिस्ट आरो बायदि बायदि। The team encouraged LMCC to forward its future plans and programs to the appropriate body. हानजाया एल.एम.सि.सिखौ उननि बिथांखिफोर आरो हाबाफोरखौ आरजाथाव आफादनो होनो थुलुंगा होदों। The team raised several questions for which it sought answers from the LMCC Coordinator of the Project. हानजाया गोबां सोंथि सोंदों जायनि थाखाय बियो एल.एम.सि.सिनि प्रजेक्ट सामलायगिरिनिफ्राय फिनखौ नायगिरदोंमोन। The traffickers we have spoken to say they are taking advantage of the lack of legislation, a hole in the legal system; they know they will be charged with only part of what they are doing if they get caught, like sexual harassment or kidnapping. जाय त्रेफिकारफोरजों जों रायलायदोंमोन बिसोरो बुंदोंदि, बिसोरो आइननि खहानि सुजुगखौ लागासिनो दङ’, आइन खानथिनि मोनसे ग’ब्लं; बिसोरो मिथिगौदि हमजाब्लाबो नंथारगौनि खावसेनिल’ बिबान होजागोन, जेरै आथोन सोमोनदै साजा होजानाय एबा मानसि खावनानै लांनाय। The voluntary nature of the movement of children across borders should not dilute the concern we must feel about what happens to them in other countries. सिमना सोरगिदिं गथ’फोरनि गावगोसो आखुनि सोमावसारनाया गुबुन होदोरफोराव बैसोरहा मा जानो हागौ बेनि सोमोनदै जों मोनदांनाय दुखुखौ गाज्रि खालामनो मोननाय नङा। The World Health Organisation cites a number of areas that have not been addressed in relation to the health of pregnant mothers and children below five years. बुहुम देहा फसंथाना गोबां जायगाफोर मखदों जायफोरखौ गोरबोथानाय बिमाफोर आरो बो बोसोर सिं गथ’फोरनि देहाजो सोमोनदो लाखिना सिनायथिनाय जायाखै। There have been 52 suspected cases of trafficking involving young women and children since the beginning of the year, according to Save the Children-United Kingdom (SC-UK) Mozambique. सेभ दा सिलद्रेन-इउनाइतेद किंदम (इस.सि-इउ.के) मजामबिकनि बादिब्ला बोसोर जागायजेननायनिफ्राय सिख्लाफोर आरो गथ’फोर सरजाबफानानै 52 सनदेखालामजानाय त्राफिकिं जाथायफोर मोननाय जादों। There is enormous confusion, since methods have ceased to be passed on from generation to generation, and are communicated by the media instead. बेउहाय गोबां गोनो गोथोफोर दं, मानोना आदबफोरा जोलैनिफ्राय जोलैनिसिम बारबोनो थाबथाबाय, आरो बेनिसोलाय बिजोंजोंसो संजाबजायो। They may not be trafficked in the classical sense of the term, but they have numerous rights infringed and merit our protection. बिसोर गोजाम मोनदांथि बिथिङाव त्रेफिक खालामजायाबो जानो हागौ, नाथाय जोंनि होबथाथिखौ हेंथा होनो आरो बाखानायनो गोबां मोनथायफोर दं। This information though is not disinterested, and even apparently scientific and unbiased advice is manipulated - it is false advice, advertising. जुदिबो बे खौराङा गोसोबोथावै नङा, आरो बबेखानि रोखायै गोनोखोआरि आरो गाज्रि गोहोम गैयै बिथोनखौ गोहोम खोखलैयो-बियो नंखाय बिथोन, फोसावनाय। Thousands of children leave Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Swaziland and Lesotho every year to cross the border to South Africa without documentation. रोजा रोजा गथ’फोरा बोसोरफ्रोमबो फोरमान बिलाइ गोयालाबानो खोला-आफ्रिका थांनाय सिमाखौ बारनो मजामबिक, जिमबाबवे, स्वाजिलेन्द आरो लेसथ’खौ नागारो। Through the unified effort, national and international policy makers, programme implementers, development and media partners and researchers are working together to summarise, synthesise and disseminate the best and most recent information on country-level progress. खौसेथि नाजानाय गेजेरजों, हादर आरो हादर इसिङारि मावथांखि दागिरिफोर, हाबाफारि बाहायगिरिफोर, जौगालु आरो बिजों लोगोफोर आरो नायबिजिरगिरिफोरा होदरारि जौगानायाव साबसिन आरो जोबोर गोदान खौरांखौ गुदिखोथा फोरमायनो, जथायनो आरो गुवारै मोनथिहोनो जयै खामानि मावगासिनो दं। Trafficking in persons is dynamic, adaptable, opportunistic and - takes advantage of conflicts, humanitarian disasters, and vulnerability of people. सुबुफोरखौ त्रेफिक खालामनाया गोसोगुदुं, गोरोबथाव, खाबुलाग्रा मानसिआ आरो- हेंथाफोर, हिउमेनिथेरियान अलखदफोर आरो नारसिनजाथाव सुबुंफोरनि सुजुग लायो। Twenty-six of the countries or 38 per cent made insufficient progress in reducing child mortality. नैजि-द’ हादोरफोर एबा 38 जैखोनदोआ, गथ’ थैथायखौ खमायनाययाव थोजासे जाफुं होनो हायाखैसै। We have distorted children's physiology, since when they need us; we keep our distance; whereas when they reach the age for independence, at 14-16, we try to hang on to them. जों गथ’फोरनि पिचिअलजिखौ बोखे बाखा खालामदोंमोन, मानोना जेब्ला बिसोरनो जोंनि गोनां जादोंमोन, जों जोंनि जानथायखौ लाखियो, जेब्ला बिसोरो 14-16नि उदांस्रि बैसो सौफैयो, जों बिसोरजों थाफानो नाजायो। We would like to express our gratitude to groups and individuals who offered financial support to LMCC in 1999. जों जोंनि साबायखरथिखौ हानजानो आरो सुबुफोरनो फोरमायनो लुबैदों जाय 1999आव एलएमसिसिनो रांखानथि हेफाजाब होनो जासिदोंमोन। Wiesje Zikkenheiner, associate expert at the UN's Office on Drugs and Crime Regional Office for Southern Africa, agreed the problem was underreported. खोलायारि आफ्रिकानि द्राग्स एन्द क्राइम रिजिनल अफिसनि इउएननि मावख’नि एस’सिएट गोरों उइजे जिकेनहायनारा, गनायदोंमोन जेंनाया फोरमायजायाखैमोन। With the help of one of the teachers some mothers have continued to show interest in knitting. सासे फोरोंगिरिनि हेफाजाबजों माखासे बिमाफोरा सि हेफनाययाव गोसो होनाय दिनथिफिनबाय। Women could not breastfeed because of the requirements of their jobs, and so began the search for a food substitute. हिनजावफोरा आबु दौनो हायाखैसै मानोना बिसोरनि साख्रिफोरनि गोनांथिनि थाखाय आरो बेनि थाखायनो उफेरा आदार नागेरनायया जाजेनबाय। Women turn to these experts as they have lost their instinctive understanding of growth, and no longer know when to wean their babies. आयजोफोरा बेफोर गोरोंफोरनि थिंजै गिदिंबाय मानोना बिसार गावसिनि मिथिंगायारि बुजिनायखौ खोमानानै लाबाय, आरो बिसोरो गावसिनि खुदियाखौ आहार जाहोनायखौ माब्ला एंगार होनांगौखौ मिनथिला। Zikkenheiner said recent years had seen the increased involvement of criminal organisations in human trafficking because of the extremely high profits and relatively low risks involved. जिकेनहायनारा बुंदोंमोन बावैसो बोसोरफोराव गोबोर बांसिन मुलामफाफोर आरो रुजुथावनायै खम खैफोद थानायनि थाखाय मानसिनि त्रेफिक खालामनाययाव दायनिगिरि गौथुमफोरनि बाहागो लाफानायखौ बांनाय नुनो मोनदों। A Short Life Working Group for health, early education, social services and the voluntary sector met between December 2005 and May 2006 to examine the evidence for measures to support good infant mental health and to make recommendations for a strategy for Scotland to ensure the best outcome for all babies. देहानि गुसुं जिउ मावग्रा हानजा, गोख्रै रोंथाय, समाजारि खामानिफोर आरो A warm, sensitive and responsive adult, Infant Mental Health: A Guide for Practitioners or small number of familiar adults is needed to guarantee the best possible outcome. सासे गोसो गुदुं, मोदोमाव नांग्रा आरो खोनासंग्रा मानसि, गोरलै मेलेम देहा प्रिकतिसनारफोरनि मोनसे लामा दिनथिग्रा एबा एखेहा एसे बिबांनि मानसिफोरा साबसिन दिहुननायखौ गेरेनति मोननांगौ। Additional research into the evidence base of effectiveness for various interventions was conducted by the Group Chair, Dr Christine Puckering, and Assistant Psychologist Jane MacQuarrie. रोखोम रोखोम सोफादेरनायनि गोहोम खोख्लैनो हानायनि साखि गोनां बिथानि दाजाबफानाय नायबिजिरनाया दकटर ख्रिसतिन पाकारिं आरो जेन मोककुएरनि हानजा मासिजों खुंजाजादोंमोन। All would be expected to have undertaken specialist training such as the proposed HeadsUpScotland module in Infant Mental Health. गोरलै मेलेम देहायाव होजानाय हेद्स आप स्कटलेन्द मदिउल बायदि बयबो जरखा मावसोलोंथायखौ लानायनि आसा खालाम जागोन। Although there is no UK evidence of the effectiveness of BTIO in preventing teenage pregnancy, if used as part of a programme of personal and social education it could provide a valuable source of realistic feedback on the demands of caring for a young baby before child bearing. इउ.के.आव बि.ति.आय.अ.नि देरफुनाय गथनि गोरबो थानायखौ होबथानायनि गोहोम ख्लैनो हानायनि जेबो साखि गैयाब्लाबो, गावारि आरो समाजारि रोंथायनि हाबानि बाहागो लायोब्ला बेयो मोनसे उनदै गथफोरनि गथ थानायनि सिगांनि जोथोननि बिनायनि नोंथारगौ फिदबेक होनो होगौ। An infant mental health video/DVD could be produced. Production costs could be reasonable with copies produced at very low cost. सासे गोरलै मेलेम देहा बिदिअ/दि.भि.दिया दिहुन जायो। कपि दिहुननाया जोबोर इसे रांनि, दिहुननायनि राङा जोबोर मोननो हाथाव जानो हागौ । Antenatal and perinatal information and services are very significant also because of their almost guaranteed contact with families. एनतिनेतेल आरो पेरिनेतेल खौरां आरो मावनायफोरा जोबोर गोहोम गोनां,आरोबाव मानोना बिसोरनि नखरफोरजों फ्राय गेरेनतिगोनां सोमोनदोनि थाखाय। As children's primary carers, all parents need to be supported and helped, but especially when they are parenting in difficult circumstances or facing uncertainty about the way they are bringing up their children. गथफोरनि गुबैथि जोथोन लागिरिफोर जानानै, गासै बिमा-बिफाफोरा हेफाजाब होजानांगौ आरो हेफाजाब खालामजानांगौ, जरखायै बै समाव जेब्ला बिसोरो गोब्राब समाव फेदेरदों एबा गावसोरनि गथफोरखौ बिसोरो माबोरै खांबोगासिनो दंखौ मिथिसनायाव जेंना जादों। As well as increasing the availability of appropriate training options, steps need to be taken to ensure that staff have sufficient time in order to attend and that their workplaces are able to release them. लोगोसे थिक मावसोलोंथाय राहाफोर बांनाय मोननाया, मावग्राफोरा दि थोजासे सम मोनदोंखौ थि खालामनांयनि आगान लानांगौ, attend खालामनो हानायबायदि आरो दि बिसोरनि मावग्रा जायगाफोरा बिसोरखौ हगारनो हायो। Assistance should be given to parents to help them understand and appreciate the capacities of their babies as they grow and change. जैरै बिसोरो देरबोयो आरो सोलायो बिदिनो गावसोरनि गोरलैफोरनि मावगोहोफोरखौ बुजिनायनि आरो मानिनानै लानायनि बिमा-बिफाफोरखौ हेफाजाब होनांगौ। Children are born physically and developmentally immature, without even the basic tools of survival. गथफोरा सावस्रि आरो जौगाथायआव गोरलैयै जोनोम जायो,थांना थानानि गिबिसिन मुबाफोरबो गैयालाफानो। Coordinators would promote infant mental health across agencies and disciplines and safeguard programme maintenance and fidelity. सालायग्राफोरा गोरलै मेलेम देहाखौ आफादफोर, आब्रुथिफोरनि गेजेराव फोसावगौ आरो हाबानि मोजां थानाय आरो फोथायथिखौ रैखा खालामनो। Core training for medical and child care staff is recommended that infant mental health be made part of the core curriculum for all courses for public health nurses, undergraduate doctors, midwives, child care and child mental health professionals. मेदिकेल आरो गथ जोथोननि मावगिरिफोरनि गाहाय मावसोलोंथाया, समाजारि देहानि नार्सफोर, आनदारग्रेजुएद दक्टरफोर, जोनोम समाव हेफाजाब होग्रा हिनजावफोर, गथ जोथोन आरो गथ मेलेम देहानि फालांगिफोर, गासिबो फालिथायखौ लाफानानै गोरलै मेलेम देहाखौ गाहाय कारिकुलामनि मोनसे बाहागो खालामनो थाखाय थिनजादों। Dr Christine Puckering of the University of Glasgow was asked to convene an expert group to develop such an account. बिबायदिखौ जौगाथाय होनो थाखाय इउनिभारसिति अफ ग्लासग’नि दक्टर पाकारिंआ रोंगौसा हानजा लिंहरनो थोनजादोंमोन। Education for and about parenthood has in many cases been accorded low status in schools, has often had access only to poor or inappropriate resources, been seen as irrelevant by some teachers and by more academic students, particularly boys, and has sometimes been taught by teachers without the necessary commitment and skills. बिमा-बिफायारिनि सोलोंथानि थाखाय आरो बिनि बारैया गोबां खोथायाव फरायसालिफोराव गाहाय थाखो होजादों, बांसिन समाव इसे एबा मोजां नङै फुंखाफोरखौ मोनो, माखासे फोरोंगिरिफोरजों मोजां नङा होनना बुंजादों आरो बांसिन फरायसुला गथफोरजों, जरखायै हौवासाफोर, आरो माखासे समाव गोनां सतबांसा आरो रोंगुनफोर गैयालाफानो फोरोंगिरिफोरजोंनो फोरोंजानाय जायो। Engagement of a more mature caretaker is necessary for survival but also plays a crucial role in long-term emotional, social and cognitive development. गिदिरसिन जोथोनलागिरि लानाया थांनानै थानायनि थाखाय गोनां नाथाय गोलाव सम आबेगारि, समाजारि आरो सानगोहो जौगाथायनि थाखाय जेंना गोनां। Equally the risk may reside in the nature of the environment the baby encounters: in poverty, parental mental or physical ill health, or in the environment created by immature parents. समानै गोरलैआ जे थासारिजों लोगो मोनो बेजों खैफोदा थानो हागौ: गरिब जानायाव, बिमा-बिफानि सानगोहो एबा देहायारि गाज्रि एबा उनदै बिमा-बिफाफोरजों बानायजानाय थासारियाव। Even children who might be initially uninterested in discussing babies might become interested in the context of a more general framework of discussion about relationships. गथफोरबो जाय सिगाङाव गोरलैफोरनि बाथ्रा रायलायनो गोसोगैयामोनाबो सोमोनदोफोरनि आरोबाव बांसिन सरासन्रा फ्रेमवार्कनि रायलायनायाव गोसो होनो होगौ। Evidence of the effectiveness of psychosocial information introduced into antenatal education is poor. एनतिनेतेल रोंथायाव साइकससिएल खौरांनि गोहोम खोक्लैनो हानायनि साखिया गाज्रि। Families for whom literacy is a challenge or those for whom English is not their first language may have particular needs that put their babies at additional disadvantage and also prevent easy access to resources and services. नखरफोर जायनो थाखाय रोंथाया मोनसे जुजिनाय एबा जायफोरनि थाखाय इंग्राजिआ बिसोरनि गिबि राव नङाफोरहा जरखा गोनांथि थानो हागौ जाय बिसोरनि गोरलैफोरआ दाजाबफानाय असुबिदा जानो हागौ आरो फुंखाफोर आर आबारफोरखौ गोरलैयै मोननायखौ होबथानोबो हागौ। Good parenting is fundamental for the development of a child's mental health and wellbeing. मोजां बिमा-बिफा जानाया गथनि मेलेम देहा आरो मोजां थानायनि जौगाथायनि थाखाय गोनांथार। Guide will be of interest to those working with infants, their parents and carers, and those engaged in educating children, young people and adults in issues around childcare and parenting. लामा दिनथिग्राया गोरलैफोरजों मावग्राफोर, बिसोरनि बिमा-बिफाफोर आरो जोथोन लाग्राफोर आरो बिसोर जाय गथफोरखौ फोरोंनाय, उनदै गथफोर आरो गथ जोथोन आरो गिदिरफोरनो गोसो गोनां जागोन। Heads Up Scotland would like to thank everyone who assisted in the compilation of this report and in particular the members of the Short Life Working Group on Infant Mental Health and its Chair, Dr. Christine Puckering. हेद्स आप स्कटलेन्दा बयखौबो गोजोननाय बावो जोयफोरा बे रादाबखौ दानायाव हेफाजाब होदों आरो जरखायै गोरलै मेलेम देहायाव मावनाय देहानि गुसुं जिउ मावग्रा हानजानि सोद्रोमाफोर आरो बिनि मासि, दक्टर पाकारिं । Heads Up Scotland is part of the Scottish Executive's National Programme for Improving Mental Health and Well-being. हेद्स आप स्कटलेन्दा स्कतिस एकजेकिउतिबनि मेलेम देहा आरो मोजां थानायखौ फोजौनाय हादोरारि हाबानि बाहागो। Health visitors/public health nurses also occupy a key position in this respect. देहा नायगिदिंग्राफोर/ समाजारि देहा नार्सफोराबो बे खोथायाव गुबै जायगा मोनो। I am pleased to be able to introduce it to you and expect that it will make an important contribution to the way we work together to improve the mental health of children and young people throughout Scotland. आं नोंसोरनो सिनायति होनो हानायखौ मोजां मोनो आरो आसा खालामो दि बियो जों जेरै स्कटलेन्दनाङै गथनि आरो उनदै गथनि मेलेम देहाखौ मोजांसिन खालामनायाव ज’ मावोआव अबदान खालामगोन। If a commercial games manufacturer undertook the production and distribution of a more sophisticated game then this could have a wider and sustaining impact. पालांगियारि गेलेग्रा दिहुनग्राफोरा आरोबाव बांसिन रोंगौथिगोनां खेला दिहुननाय आरो राननायखौ लायोब्ला बेयो गुवारसिन आरो गोबावसिन गोहोम खोख्लैनो हायो। In addition, HeadsUpScotland acknowledges the research support of Jane MacQuarrie. दाजाबफानानै, हेद्स आप स्कटलेन्दा जेन मेकगुएरनि नाबिजिर हेफाजाबखौ सिनायथि होदों। In all this, there are opportunities for electronic media and technology to open up access to those for whom a booklet may not be an appealing mode of receiving information. जायफोरनि थाखआय लेखाया खौरां लानायनि मोनसे साबसिन लामा नङैनि थाखाय बेफोर गासैआवबो मोब्लिबआरि बिजों आरो तेकन’लजिनि खाबुफोर दं। In recent times, the Scottish Executive has taken a number of important steps designed to improve the mental health of children and young people and the services available to those in difficulty. बावैसो समाव गथफोर आरो उनदै गथफोरनि मेलेम देहोखौ फोजौनो आरो जेंनायाव थानायफोरनो आबारफोर होनो थाखाय स्कटिस एकजेकिउतिबा गोबां गोनांथार आगानफोर दिजाइन खालामदों। In the first year the making and breaking of connections between brain cells (synaptogenes is and pruning) proceeds at a rate unmatched at any other period of life. सेथि बोसोराव मेलेम जिबख्रिनि गेजेराव बानायनाय आरो सोमोनदोफोर सिफायनाया आरो जिउनि मोनसेबो समजों सुजायै बिबाङाव बारायो। In this way very early experience, which will not be consciously remembered, lays foundations for significant later development. बे बायदियै जोबोर सिगां रोंमोनदांथि, जाया गोसो जानानै गोसोआव लाजानाय नङाय़ा, उननि गोहोम गोनां जौगाथानि गायसनथिफोर दायो। Infant Mental Health is by definition an area of early intervention both in the life of the individual child and in the possible development of difficulties. गोरलै मेलेम देहाया बुजायनाय महरै मोनसे सिगांनि लाफादेरनाय, गावारि गथनि जिउ आरो जानो हाथाव जौगाथायनि जेंना मोननैयावबो। Infants are however acutely tuned to other humans and uniquely prepared to make social connections. गोरलैफोरा अब्लाबो गोब्राबै गुबुन मानसिफोरजों देंखोहोजायो आरो समाजारि सोमोनदोफोरनि थाखाय आलादारोखोमै थियारिखालामजायो। Initially they were sceptical that their role had anything to do with infant mental health. सिगाङाव बिसोरो गावसोरनि गोरलै मेलेम देहाजों मावनायखौ सनदेह दंमोन। Interventions focussed during pregnancy and at the time around the birth are likely to be the most effective in preventing mental health problems of a child. गोरबो थानाय समखौ आरो जोनोमनि समनि सोरगिदिंखौ थांखि लानाय लाफादेरनायफोरा गथनि मेलेम देहानि जेंनाफोरखौ होबथानो हानाय साबसिन गोहोम खोख्लैग्रा जानो हासिगौ। It is recommended that an infant mental health coordinator be appointed by each NHS Board. बेयो थोवजानाय दि गोरलै मेलेम देहा सालायग्राया एन. एच. एस बर्दजों थिसनजायो। Jane MacQuarrie and Christine Puckering made a systematic search of the literature on infant mental health resources, services and measures, with some additional literature drawn from key papers and as a result of consultations and visits. जेन मेकगुएर आरो ख्रिसतिन पाकारिंआ गोरलै मेलेम देहा फुंखाफोर, खामानिफोर आरो राहाफोरनि थुनलाइआव खानथिगोनां नायबिजिरदों, माखासे दाजाबफानाय थुनलाइनि गुबै रादाबफोरनिफ्राय लानाय आरो बोसोनफोर आरो नायगिदिंफोरनायफोरनि जाउननिफ्राय । Joint training in, for example, the Solihull Approach, should be encouraged to better equip midwives and health visitors/public health nurses in assessing families for additional supports and give greater understanding of their role in supporting infant mental health. बिदिनथि महरै, सलिहुल एप्रसनि ज’ मावसोलोंथाया जोनोम समाव हेफाजाब होग्रा हिनजावफोर आरो देहा नायगिदिंग्राफोर/ समाजारि देहा नार्सफोर जाय दाजाबफानाय नखरफोरखौ नायबिजिरोबोलो होजानांगौ Joint training on infant mental health would equip professionals to deliver the right messages about the significance of early infant communication. गोरलै मेलेम देहायाव ज’ मावसोलोंथाया प्रफेसनेलफोरनो गोरलैनि सिगां समनि रायलायनायनि गोनांथि थिक खौरां होनायाव हेफाजाब होनो हागौ। Lack of evidence does not prove lack of impact, but particularly for long-established programmes, there is an obligation to provide evidence of effectiveness, which could include but should not be limited to patient satisfaction. साखिनि खम जानाया गोहोम गोग्लैनायनि खम जानाय नङा, नाथाय जरखायै गोबाव सम दाजानाय हाबाफोरनि थाखाय, बिसोरनि गोहोम खोख्लैनो हानायनि साखिया गोनांथार, जायफोरा लाफानांगौ नाथाय बेरामि गोजोन मोननायावलनो थाबथानाङा। Midwives see the vast majority of mothers-to-be and are in a unique position to enquire about and link parents to additional supports. जोनोमाव हेफाजाब होग्रा हिनजावफोरा गुवार रोखोमनि बिमा जागोनफोरखौ नुयो आरो बिसोरो सोंनो आरो बिमा-बिफाफोरखौ दाजाबफानाय हेफाजाबफोर होनायनि मोनसे आलादरोखोम थाखोआव दं। Midwives, health visitors/public health nurses and general practitioners are accessed by the great majority of families and each has a unique role both in supporting the best conditions for all children, and identifying those families for whom more intensive interventions may be needed. जोनोम समाव हेफाजाब होग्रा हिनजावफोर, देहा नायगिदिंग्राफोर/समाजारि देहा नार्सफोर आरो सरासनस्रा प्रेकतिसनारफोरा गोबां नखरफोरजों मोनजायो ओरो गथफोरखौ साबसिन थासारिफोराव हेफाजाब होनाय आरो बै नखरफोरखौ सिनायनाय जेराव बांसिन गोख्रों सोफादेरनाया गोनां मोननैआबो गावारि बिफाव दं। More universal services were visited, as their approaches were often broader than a singular intervention. जेरै बिसोरनि राहाफोरा सेथि लाफादेरनायनिख्रुइ बांसिन समाव गुवारसिन जादों बांसिन बुहुमनां मावनायफोरा दावबायदोंमोन। NHS Board areas could explore these possibilities with local providers and infant mental health topics made part of the information available locally. एन.एच.एस बर्द ओनसोलफोरा बेफोर जानो हाथावखौ ओनसोलारि होग्राफोरजों नायगिरनो हायो आरो गोरलै मेलेम देहा आयदाफोर जायनि खौरांखौ ओनसोलावनो मोननो हायोआ बेनि बाहागो बानाय जाबाय। Often, risks are multifactorial and involve characteristics in the parents, the child, the fit between parent-and-child and factors in the wider environment. बांसिन समाव खैफोदफोरा रोखोम रोखोम जाहोन गोनां आरो बिमा-बिफाफोर, गथ, बिमा-बिफा आरो गथनि गेजेरनि fit आरो गुवार थासारिनि जाहोनफोरनि आखुफोरखौ लाफायो। Olfaction, hearing, vision and phased behaviour are all specifically orientated for face-to-face interaction from the earliest hours of life. मोनामनो हानाय, खोनानाय, नुनाय आरो थाखो गोनां आखलफोरा गासैबो जिउनि गिबिसिन घनटाफोरनिफ्राय मोखांजों मोखां रायलायनायनि थाखाय मोननाय। Once vulnerability is identified, delivery of services may pass to other agencies. खनसे गाग्लोबजाथावथिया सिनायजाब्ला, आबारफोर होनाया गुबुन आफादफोरनाव बारस्लायो। Opportunities to address infant mental health issues could arise at a number of stages in the life of the parent and the child. गोरलै मेलेम देहानि जेंनाफोरखौ रायलायनायनि मोननो हाथाव राहाया बिमा-बिफा आरो गथनि जिउनि गोबां बिबांनि थाखोफोराव जानो हागौ। Other interventions, whose degree of effectiveness is less well supported, are also detailed and the reasons for their less favored status discussed. गुबुन सोफादेरनायफोर, जायनि गोहोम खोखलैनो हानायनि थाखोआ खम हेफाजाब हाजानायफोराबो खालामजाबाय आरो बिसोरनि खम गोहोम गोनां बिबांनि जाउनफोरा रायलायजाबाय। Particular care needs to be given to those parents who are less likely to access information or help readily. जरखा जोथोना बै बिमा – बिफाफोरनो होनांगौ जाय खौरां मोननायनि खम राहायाव एबा जायगायाव हेफाजाब दं । Personal and social development in the school curriculum before pregnancy is the first opportunity and almost universally delivered. गोरबो थानायनि सिगांनि फरायसालि कारिकुलामआव मोननाय गावारि आरो समाजारि जौगाथाया सेथि खाबु आरो प्राय बुहुमनाङै हाजायो। Pre-pregnancy health improvement information is a valuable opportunity to reach a wide population, including the teenagers who will go on to become very young parents. देरफुनाय गथफोर झाय थांनानै जोबोर उनदै बिमा-बिफाफोर जाहैगोनखौ लाफानानै गोरबो थानाय सिगांनि देहा जौगानाय खौरांआ गुवार सुबुंअनजिमाखौ मोननायनि मोनसे गुनगोनां खाबु। Prenatal services are in a very good position to reach almost every family. जोनोमनि सिगांनि जोथोना गासै नखरफोरखौनो मोनहासनायनि बिराद मोजां थाखोआव दं। Programmes should be rigorously evaluated and an evaluation strategy should be established before the programme commences. हाबाफोरा थियै नायबिजिरजानांगौ आरो मोनसे नायबिजिरनायनि राहा या हाबा जानेनायनि सिगांनो दाजानांगौ। Psychologists, psychiatrists, child psychotherapists and other professionals with a particular expertise could offer such a resource. सायकलजिस्तफोर, सायकित्रिकफोर, गथ सायकथेरापिस्तफोर आरो गुबुन फ्रफेसनेल जायहा गुबु रोंथाय दं बिसिरो बिबायदि फुंखाखौ होनो हायो। Reduction of teenage pregnancy rates would reduce the number of infants suffering the adverse consequences of too early parenting. देरफुनाय गथनि गोरबो थानायनि बिबांनि हायनाया गोरलैफोरा उनदै बिमा-बिफानि जोथोननि गाज्रि गोहोमखौ सैनांनायनि बिबांखौबो हायहोनो हागौ। Reports, literature and evaluations were received from other services, including the Anna Freud Parent-Infant Project, the Buttercup Project, Getting Ahead and the Acorn Project. फोरमायथिफोर, थुनलाइ आरो नायबिजिरफोरा गुबुन मावनायफोरनिफ्राय मोनजादोंमोन, आनना फ्रद पेरेन्त प्रजेक्त, दा बातारकाप प्रजेक्त, गेतिं अहेद एन्द एकर्न प्रजेक्तखौ लाफानानै। Risks may reside in the baby, in terms of prematurity, illness, congenital and obstetric complications. खैफोदा गोरलैजों समनि सिगांनि जोनोम, लोनजानाय,कनजेनितेल आरो अबस्तेत्रिक जेंनाफोरनि थाखाय थानो हागौ। Several commercial organisations (e.g. Boots the Chemist) have online baby clubs where parents can find information and make contact. गोबां फालांगियारि आफादफोरहा (बिदिनथि महरै. बुत्स आरो खेमिस्त) अनलायन गोरलै आफादफोर दं जेराव बिमा-बिफाफोरा खौरां मोननो हायो आरो खौरां लानो हायो। Similar health improvement materials have been produced and used in schools as part of smoking cessation programmes at reasonable cost and if distributed to schools could provide a valuable resource. एखेहां देहा जौगाथाय मुवाफोरा दिहुनजाबाय आरो फरायसालिफोराव थांखु सोबनायखौ मोननो हाथाव राङाव फोजोबनाय हाबानि बाहागो महरै बाहायजादों आरो फरायसालियाव रानोब्ला मोनसे गुनगोनां फुंखा होगोन। Standards and core competencies for multi-disciplinary perinatal mental health training are currently under development and parallel standards should be developed for infant mental health. बां-आब्रुथियारि पेरिनेतेल मेलेम देहा मावसोलोंथाया मानथाखो आरो हाथिगुनफोरा दा जौगाथाय लामायाव दं आरो गोरलै मेलेम देहानि समान मानथाखोखौ जौगाहोनांगौ Targeted and intensive services were considered likely to be well represented in published or “grey” literature. थांखि लाजानाय आरो गोख्रों मावनायफोरा हमना लाजादों दि बियो फोसावजानाय एबा “ग्रे’’ थुनलाइयाव दिनथि जानो हासिगौ। The baby’s temperament and personality may also potentially create problems. गोरलैनि आखल आरो आखुआ हाथावनायै जेंनाबो जाहोनो हागौ। The Coatbridge investing in “Infants evaluation report” described how the community midwives had responded to Solihull Approach training. कटब्रिद्ज जाय इनफेन्त इभेलुएसन रिपर्टआव मावदोंमोन दिनथिदों दि माबोरै जोनोमाव हेफाजाब होग्रा हिनजावा सलिहुलनि मावसोलोंथायखौ फिन होदोंमोन। The development of electronic games and their wide familiarity to children and young people opens up new options for introducing health education material to children and young people. इलेकट्रनिक गेलेग्राफोरनि जौगाथाय आरो गथफोरनि थाखाय गुवार एखे जानाय आरो उनदै गथफोरा गथफोर आरो उनदै गथफोरनि थाखाय देहा रोंथायखौ सिनायथिहोनायनि गोदान लामा होयो। The focus was on the demonstration of impact on children and evidence-based methods of assessment for both universal to intensive treatment. थांखिया गथफोरनि सायाव गोहोमखौ दिनथिनाय आरो साखि गोनां दिनथिनायनि लामा मोननैबो सरासनस्रा आरो गोख्रों सिकितसानि थाखाय। The good practices highlighted here have been evaluated by the Scottish Executive's Short Life Working Group on Infant Mental Health as those most likely to promote the improvement of infant mental health. दिनथिजानाय मोजां मावनायफोरा गथ मेलेम देहायाव मावनाय स्कटिस एक्सिकिउतिभनि गुसुं जिउ मावनाय हानजाजों नायबिजिरजादोंमोन जेरै बिसोरो गोरलै मेलेमनि जौगाथायखौ फोजौनो नागिरदों। The group had a remit to examine models of good practice in Scotland and elsewhere for the promotion of good mental health both in low- risk and high-risk families. हानजाहा स्कचलेन्दनि मोजां मावनाय आनजादनि मदेलफोरआरो गुबुनफोरनि मोजां मेलेम देहा मोननैबो गाहाय-गोब्राब आरो गोजौ-गोब्राब नाखरफोरनि जौगाथायखौ आयदा खालायनांदों। The Group included representatives from statutory and voluntary sector services, policy makers, professional education, health and early education and social care sectors as these were all seen to have a role in promoting good relationships in families and particularly for infants. हानजाया आयेनगोनां आरो गावबावसोम खोनदोनि मावग्राफोर, मावथांखि बानायग्राफोर, फ्रफेसनेल रोंथाय, देहा आरो सिगांनि रोंथाय आरो समाजारि जोथोन खोनदोफोरनि थानदैफोरखौ जाफादोंमोन मानोना बेफोरो दिनथिदों दि नखराव मोजां सोमोनदोफोर जौगाहोनो आरो जुनियायै गोरलैफोरनाव बिसोरनि बिफाव दं। The Group met on five occasions between December 2005 and May 2006. Group members presented their own services and work, and the Group reviewed health improvement materials, both printed and in audio-visual formats. हानजाया दिसेमबर 2005 आरो मे 2006नि गेजेराव मोनबा हाबाफोराव लोगोमोनदोंमोन। हानजानि मानसिफोरा गावबागावनि खामानिफोर आरो आबारफोरखौ दिनथिदों आरो हानजाया मोननैबो साफायजानाय आरो नुनो मोननाय रादाबनि सायाव देहा जौगाथायखौ नायफिनदोंमोन। The Maternal Assessment of the Behaviour of her Infant (MABI) should be completed after birth and every week until four weeks to raise parent’s awareness. बिनि गोरलेनि मेतारनेल एसेसमेन्त अफ दा बिहेवियरआ जोनोम जाखांनायनि उनाव जोबनांगौ आरो सपथाफ्रोमबो ब्रै सपथासिम बिमा-बिफाफोरनि साग्रांथिखौ फोजौ। The Mental Health of Children and Young People: A Framework for Promotion, Prevention and Care, Scottish Executive, 2005. गथफोर आरो उनदै सुबुंफोरनि मेलेम देहा: जौगाथाय, होबथानाय आरो जोथोननि मोनसे फ्रेमवार्क, स्कटिस एक्सजिकिउतिभ 2005। The opportunity to identify families with additional needs will devolve to those who deliver these services. दाजाबफानाय गोनांथि मोननांगौ नखरफोरखौ सिनायनो मोननाया बैफोर बायदिनाव बारस्लायगोन जाय बेफोर बायदि खामानिखौ होयो। The opportunity to include such a programme, covering infant mental health within the umbrella of parenthood in the Personal and Social. बेफोरबायदि हाबाखौ लाफानो मोननाय जाय गोरलै मेलेम देहाखौ गावारि आरो समाजारि parenthoodनि सायख्लुम सिङाव लाफायो। The popularity of games such as NINTENDOGS and now BABYZ, in which the player has to take care of animals or children, suggests that these games are accessible and interesting to quite young children. बेफोर बायदि गेलेग्राफोरनि मुंदांखा जानाय जेरै निनतेनद’ग्स आरो दानिया बेबिज, जेराव गेलेग्राया जुनारफोरनि जोथोन लानांगौ एबा गथफोर, Suggest खालामनो हायो दि बे गेलेग्राफोर सिरि थाग्रा उनदै गथफोरनि थाखाय मोननो हाथाव आरो interesting। The promotion of infant mental health requires the support of those structures through which all infants can experience optimum environments. गोरलै मेलेम देहानि जौगाथाया बैफोर बायदि structuresनि हेफाजाब नांगौ जायजों गासे गोरलैफोरा optimum थासारिफोरखौ रोंमोनदांनो मोनो । The work was conducted on behalf of HeadsUpScotland - the national project for children and young people's mental health. बे खामानिया हेद्स आप स्कटलेन्दनि थाखाय मावनाय जादोंमोन: गथफोर आरो उनदै मानसिफोरनि मेलेमनि हादोरारि आसनि। These include interventions which improve and enhance the wellbeing of the mother and of the baby and promote the mother-infant bond. बेफोरो सोफादेरनायफोरखौ लाफानो हागौ जाय बिमा आरो गथनि मोजांथानायखौ साबसिन आरो गोजौसिन खालामो आरो बिमा-फिसानि सोमोनदोखौ फेदेरो। These should include (but not be confined to) psychology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, social work and speech and language therapy. बेफोरो सायकलजि, सायकित्रि, सायकथेरापि, समाजारि खामानि आरो रायलायनाय आरो भासा थेरापिफोरखौबो लाफानांगौ(नाथाय बेयावल’नो थाबथानाङा)। They have given us a concise and very readable summary of the current evidence which is likely to be of interest and value to a wide range of those working with children, parents and carers and I am grateful to them. दानि साखिनि सायाव बिसोरो जोंनो थि आरो फरायजाथाव गुबैबाथ्रा होदों जाय गोसोदुंखानायनि आरो गथफोर, बिमा-बिफाफोर आरो जोथोनहोग्रानि सायाव गुवार खामानि मावग्राफोरनो गुनगोनां जानो हासिगौ आरो आं बिसोरनि थाखाय गोजोननाय बावो। They were also dubious about asking questions about mothers’ past and current psychological well-being, and social support, fearing that this was intrusive, and might disclose problems they did not know how to handle. बिसोरो बिमाफोरनि गोजाम आरो गोदान सायकलजिकेल मोजां थानाय आरो समाजारि हेफाजाब, गिनाय दि बियो मुखुबमोन आरो माखासे जेंनाफोर जानो हागौ जायखौ बिसोरो नाजावनो हाया जानो हागौखौ सोंनायाव सनदेगोनांबो जायोमोन। This document flows from the recommendations of the Group and the additional research. बि फोरमानबिलाइया हानजाफोर आरो दाजाबदेरनाय नायबिजिरनाय थोननायफोरनिफ्राय बोहैयो। This document, Infant Mental Health: a Guide for Practitioners is the output of the work undertaken by Dr. Puckering and her colleagues. बि फोरमानबिलाइ, गोरलै मेलेम देहा: सोलोंग्राफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे लामा दिनथिग्रा जाय दकटर पाकारिं आरो बिनि मावग्रा लोगोफोरजों लाजानाय खामानिनि दिहुनथाय। To help investigate this further HeadsUpScotland identified the need for a concise summary of the best evidence in relation to infant mental health. बिखौ आरोबाव नायनो थाखाय हेद्स आप स्कटलेन्दा गोरलै मेलेम देहाजों सोमोनदो गोनां साबसिन साखि गुसुं गुबैबाथ्रानि गोनांथिखौ सिनायदोंमोन। Training for specialist CAMH professionals is recommended a specialist Infant Mental Health training module should be commissioned by HeadsUpScotland to equip specialist CAMH professionals from a variety of disciplines. गोरों सि.ए.एम.एच. फ्रफेसनेलफोरनि मावसोलोंथाया गोरों गोरलै मेलेम देहा मावसोलोंथाय मदिउल थोनजादों जाय गोबां रोखोमनि आब्रुथिनि गोरों सि.ए.एम.एच. फ्रफेसनेलफोरखौ राहाखालामनो हेद्स आप स्कटलेन्दजों खुंजानांगौ। Training of all staff likely to meet new families and play a role in the care of them and their babies will reinforce a coherent approach across social work, early years practitioners, health and education. गासै मावग्राफोरनि मावसोलोंथाया गोदान नखरफोरजों लोगो हमनो हागौ आरो बिसोरनि जोथोनाव मोनसे role मावनो होगौ आरो बिसोरनि गथफोरा समाजारि मावनाय, सिगां बोसोरिनि सोलोंजेनग्राफोर, देहा आरो रोंथायनि गेजेरनि जुकतिगोनां राहाखौ गोरासिन खालामो Universal health improvement and education resources are part of this picture. बुहुमनां देहा साबसिन खालामनाय आरो रोंथाया फुंखाया बे सावगारिनि मोनसे बाहागो। Universal services offered by Tier 1 and 2 professionals, including early years professionals, social work and voluntary organisations, should have access to specialist consultants from Child and Adolescent Mental Health for case consultation, supervision and referral if necessary. तायार 1 आरो 2 प्रफेसनेलजों होजानाय बुहुमनां मावनायफोरा सिगां बोसोरफोरनि प्रफेसनेलफोर, समाजारि मावग्राफोर आरो भलुनतारि आफादफोरखौ लाफानानै, गथफोरनि गोरों बोसोनगिरिफोर आरो देरफुनाय गथफोरनि मेलेम देहानि थाखाय जाथाय बोसोन, नायदिंनाय आरो गोनां जायोब्ला थिनहरनाय। which take into consideration the psychosocial aspects of pregnancy, promote good early parent-child interactions, attachment, support problem-solving skills of the parents, and underline the roles of fathers. गोरबोआव थानायनि सायक समाजारि बिथिंफोरखौ जाय नायनानै लायो, बिमा-बिफायारि आरो गथनि सिगां समनि मोजां बुजिलायनायफोरखौ जौगाहोयो, बिमा-बिफाफोरनि जेंनाखौ मिमांसा खालामनायनि रोंथाय आरो बिफाफोरनि बिफावफोरखौ जरहोयो . With the publication of The Mental Health of Children and Young People: A Framework for Promotion, Prevention and Care (FPPC) in October 2005, the Executive set the policy context. गथ’फोर आरो देरफुनाय मानसिफोरनि मेलेम देहानि फोसावथिजों: अक्ट’बर 2005आव जौगाहोनाय,होबथाना आरो जोथोननि(एफ.पि.पि.सि.) मोनसे फ्रेमवार्क, एकजेकिउतिबा पलिसि फारिलाइखौ दादों। Workplaces must also be able to implement any changes that are the subject of such training, including the allocation of staff time and budgets for ongoing supervision and resources, without which training alone is fruitless. खामानि मावग्रा जायगाफोरा मावग्राफोरनि सम राननानै होनाय आरो जागासिनो थानाय नायदिंनाय आरो फुंखाफोरनि रांहिसाबखौफोरखौ लाफानानै बिफोरबायदि मावसोलोंथायाव जानाय सोलायनायफोरखौ बाहायनो हानांगोव, बि नङाब्ला मावसोलोंथाय हारसिङै फिथाय गोयै। A Cochrane Collaboration review is underway to examine the effectiveness of massage for promoting mental and physical health in infants under six months but no results have so far been published. द दान सिं खुदियाफोरनाव मेलेम आरो देहायारि गुफुंनि थाखाय खालामनाय मालिसनि जाउनखौ आनजाद नायनो मोनसे ककहरेन कलाबरेसन नायसंफिननाया सोलिगासिनो दं नाथाय दासिम जेबो फिथायानो फोसावजायाखै। A group-based programme was more effective when directly compared with an individual treatment programme in one study, though most studies did not make such a direct comparison. मोनसे नायबिजिरनायाव, जेब्ला सासे गावआरि सिकितसा हाबाफारिजों थोंजोङै रुजुनाय जादोंमोन अब्ला हानजायाव सोनारग्रा हाबाफारिया बांसिन जाउन गोनां जादोंमोन, जुदिबो बांसिन नायबिरनायानो बेफोरबादि थोंजों रुजुथाय खालामाखैमोन। A meta-analytic review of sixty programmes however, suggested that while effect sizes for home visiting for children under three were statistically significant. नाथाय मोन दजि हाबाफारिफोरनि मोनसे बां-नायबिजिरथि नायसंफिननाया बिथोनहोदोंमोनदि गुबुन फारसे थाम बोसोर सिंनि गथ’फोरनि थाखाय नखर दावबायहैनायनि जाउन महरफोरा स्तेतेसतिकेलि गोबांमोन। A nurse-delivered intervention in the home at four weeks post-partum using a video tape of a baby bath relaxation technique and baby-massage demonstration led to greater involvement in the fathers in the subsequent two months. जोनोमहोननायनि ब्रै सफथानि उनाव खुदिया थुखैनाय गोजोनहोग्रा आदब आरो खुदिया मालिस फोरमान दिनथिफुंनायनि मोनसे भिदिअ तेप बाहायनानै नखराव जोथोनगिरनि मावनाय मावआगाना उननि नै दानाफ्राव बिफाफोरनि साबसिन बाहागोलानायखौ दैदेनदोंमोन। A randomized waiting list control study is underway but an uncontrolled study showed very high rates of treatment completion in a deprived group with postnatal depression. राननानैहोजानाय नेथनांनाय फारिलाइ दबथायनाय नायबिजिरनाया सोलिगासिनो दं नाथाय दबथायजायै नायबिजिरनाया जोनोम-उन दुखुगोनां नेवसिजानाय हानजायाव जोबोर बांसिन हारनि सिकितसा फोजोबनायखौ दिनथिदोंमोन। A second group completed the MABI at the same times but did not observe the NBAS while a third group acted as a no intervention control group. मोनसे नैथि हाजाया एखे समाव एम.अ.बि.आइखौ फोजोबदोंमोन नाथाय एन.बि.ए.एसखौ फालियाखैमोन गुबुनफारसे थामथि हानजाया मोनसे मावआगान दबथाय हानजा नङै बादि खामानि मावदोंमोन। A simple public health recommendation to bring parent and child into face-to-face orientation may also be of value. बिमा-बिफा आरो गथ’खौ मोगा-मोगि फोरोंथायाव लाबोनो मोनसे साधारन रायजो-राजा देहा गनायथियाबो खामानगोनां जानो हागौ। A video-based intervention was used and the rate of insecure attachment in the high-risk group diminished as compared with untreated controls. मोनसे भिदअ-बिथागोनां मावआगाना बाहायजादोंमोन आरो सिकितसाखालामजायै होबथानायफोरजों रुजुनायाव बां-खैफोदगोनां हानजायाव रैखाथिगोयै नांथाबनायनि हारा खमिदोंमोन। Although the studies varied in methodology and outcomes measured, results were positive for maternal sensitivity and infant responsiveness. आदबारि आरो नुजानायफोर सुनायाव बिजिरथिफोरा रोखोम रोखोमब्लाबो, फिथाइफोरा बिमायारि मोनदांथि आरो खुदिया खाबजाथायफोरनि थाखाय मोजांमोन। Aronen et al showed that at 20 years old, young people from high-risk families who had received 3-6 sessions of counselling in the first six months of the child’s life. एर’ने आरो गोबाङा 20 बोसोर बैसोआव बां-खैफोदगोनां नखरफोरनिफ्राय उनदै सुबुंफोरखौ दिनथिदोंमोन, जायफोरा गथनि जिउनि गिबि द दानाव 3-6 फालिथायफोर नाजावदोंमोन। At follow-up the babies greeted their fathers with more eye contact, smiling, reaching and vocalising. संदानफिननायाव खुदियाफोरा गावसोरनि बिफाफोरखौ बांसिन मेगन मोगोमोगि, मिनिस्लुनाय, साफिनाय आरो रावहोनायजों बरायदोंमोन। At twelve months, both intervention groups showed significantly enhanced Bayley Development Scores. जिनै दानाव, मोननैबो मावआगान हानजाफोरा गोबाङैनो जौगानाय बेले देभलपमेन्त स्करफोरखौ दिनथिदोंमोन। Backward facing buggies, which allow the child to watch the mother’s face, would seem a simple example. उनफारसे मोखांजानाय बागिफोरा (buggies), जाय गथ’खौ बिमानि मोखांखौ नायनो खाबुहोयो, मोनसे साधारन बिदिनथि होगोन। Bakermans-Kranenburg et al selected a group of mothers on the basis of the adult attachment style. बेकारमेन्स- क्रानेनबार्ग आरो गोबाङा बैसोगोरा नांथाबनाय महरनि सायाव बिमाफोरनि मोनसे हानजा सायख’दोंमोन। Bakermans-Kranenburg van IJzendoorn and Juffer made a systematic review of interventions to enhance sensitivity and attachment in early childhood covering a range of interventions from brief cognitive-behavioural programmes to long-term intensive psychosocial treatments. गुसुं मोनदांगोहो-आखुआरि हाबाफारिफोरनिफ्राय गोलाव-सम गोथौ साइकससिएल सिकितसाफोरनि मावआगानफोरखौ लाजोबनानै बेकारमेन्स-क्रानेनबार्ग भेन आइजेनदर्न आरो जाफेरा आगु खुदिया-मसाव मोनदांथिगोहो आरो नांथाबनायखौ बांहोनो मावआगानफोरनि मोनसे खानथिगोनां आनजाद खालामदोंमोन। Bookstart, now funded by the Booktrust and the Scottish Executive, is a very costeffective model of promoting good parent-child communication as well as having surprisingly large effects on language literacy and numeracy even into school age. दा बुकथ्रास्त आरो स्कतिस एक्सुकिउतिभजों रां-अनसुंथायजानाय बुकस्तार्तआ मोजां बिमाबिफा–गथ’ सोमोनदो जौगाहोनायनि मोसे जोबोर मुलामफागोनां नुमुना लोगोसे राव लेखारोंनायाव सोमोनांथावनायै गुवार जाउन दं। Both interaction and cognitive outcome, which at this stage is strongly related to mother-infant interaction, were improved by giving mothers the opportunity to appreciate the capacities of their babies and so to foster more responsive interactions. मोननैबो मोगा-मोगि आरो नुजाथिनायफोरा, जाय बे थाखोयाव गोख्रोङै बिमा-खुदिया मोगा-मोगिजों सोमोनदो दं, बिमाफोरनो गावसोरनि खुदियाफोरनि मावगोहोफोरखौ थुलुंगानो खाबुखौ होनानै जौगाहोजादोंमोन आरो जाहाथे बांसिन फिननायगोनां मोगा-मोगिफोरखौ खाङो। Both the Brazelton plus MABI group and the MABI alone group showed enriched face to face mother and baby interaction at four months and significantly better Denver Developmental Screening Scores. मोननैबो ब्राजेलतन लोगोसे एम.ए.बि.आइ हानजा आरो हारसिं एम.ए.बि.आइ हानजाया ब्रै दानाव जौगालु बिमा आरो खुदिया रयज्लायनाय मोगा-मोगि आरो रोखायै मोजांसिन देलभार देबलबमेनतेल स्क्रिनिं स्कर्सखौ दिनथिदोंमोन। Bundles of free books for children and information for parents are distributed to parents by health visitors/public health nurses. गथ’फोर आरो बिमाबिफानि थाखाय खौरां गोनां गोबां खरसागोयै बिजाबफोरा देहा दावबायारि/ रायजो-राजा देहा जोथोनगिरिफोरजों बिमाबिफाफोरा रानना होजादों। By two years of age the mothers in the intervention group were seen to be more involved and less punitive. बोसोर नै बैसोआव मावआगान हानजायाव बिमाफोरखौ बांसिन मखुबजानाय आरो खम साजागोनां नुनायजादोंमोन। Chaffin et al described services offered to low income, high-risk for child maltreatment families. खम आरजिग्राफोरनो होनाय आबारफोरखौ साफिन आरो गोबाङा गथ’ मेलत्रितमेन्त मोननाय नखरफोरनि थाखाय बां-खैफोद गोनां होनना फोरमायदोंमोन। Child outcome Data showed limited differential effects in the intervention and control groups on child behaviour problems or cognitive development at 24 months, but this varied between countries dependent on the pre-existing level of services. गथ’ नुजाथिनाय तथ्यआ 24 दानाव गथ’ आखु जेंनाफोर मोनदांगोहो जौगानायाव मावआगान आरो होबथा हानजाफोरनि सिमनागोनां फारागनि गोहोमखौ दिनथिदोंमोन, नाथाय बेयो आबारफोरनि आगु-थाखानाय थोरफोआव सोनारनानै होदोरफोरनि गेजेराव गुबुन-गुबुन जाहोदोंमोन। Coren, Barlow and Stewart-Brown reviewed 14 studies of parenting programmes for teenage parents and their children excluding long term home support programmes. करेन, बारल’ आरो स्तवार्त ब्राउना गोलाव सम हेफाजाब हाबाफारिफोरखौ नागारनानै उनदै बिमाबिफा आरो बिसोरनि गथ’फोरनि थाखाय गथ’-जोथोन हाबाफोरनि मोन 14 नायबिजिरथिफोरखौ नायसंफिनदोंमोन। Douglas et al., have developed the Solihull Approach for all staff working with young children. दुग्लासमोना उनदै गथ’फोरजों मावफानाय गासैबो माव-हानजानि थाखाय सलिहुल राहाखौ जौगाहोदों। Education, health, social services and workers and organisations from the voluntary and statutory sectors are all in a position to deliver messages and support for infants and their families. गासैबो सोलोंथाय, देहा, समाजारि हाबाफारिफोर आरो बावसोमनाय आरो आयेनगोनां खोनदोफोरनिफ्राय मावथिफोर आरो फसंथानफोरा खुदिया आरो बिसोरनि नख’फोरनि थाखाय खौरांफोर आर हेफाजाबखौ होनो हानायनि थाथायाव दं। Evidence of the high importance for infants of communication from the earliest hours of life is becoming more emphatic. खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय जिउनि आगु समफोरनिफ्राय फोरमायलायनायनि गोबां गोनांथिनि फोरमाना जोबोर जरगोना जागासिनो दं। Field et al showed the effectiveness of massage therapy for the 1-3 month infants born to depressed adolescent mothers. फिल्दमोना गोसोबायनाय जौमोनबैसो बिमाफोरनाव जोनाम जानाय 1-3 दान खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय मालिस थेरापिनि जाउनफोरखौ दिनथिदोंमोन। Good public information and health improvement information can be made available very easily using electronic, poster and television advertising. मोब्लिबआरि, फोसावबिलाइ आरो तेलिभिसन फोसावथिफोरखौ बाहायनानै मोजां रायजो-राजा खौरां आरो देहा जौगा खौरांखौ जोबोर गोरलैयै मोननो हानाय खालामजगोन। High drop-out and attrition rates were recorded even though most of the samples were of volunteer patients and therefore likely to be well motivated. गोबां फरायसालि-नागारनाय आरो जामखनायफोरखौ फोरमानलाखिनाय जादोंमोन जुदिबो बांसिन नमुनाफोरा मावसुमा बेरामिफोरनिमोन। Home visiting has been considered the ideal model to support families with young children. नखर दावबायहैनाया उनदै गथ’फोर गोनां नख’रफोरखौ हेफाजाबहोनायनि मोजां बिदिनथि गनायजाबाय। However, parental sensitivity, with a strong putative causal link to secure attachment, and attachment itself are key markers of good infant outcome. नाथाय, नांथाबनायखौ रैखाथिहोनो मोनसे गोख्रों हमनालाजानाय casual सोमोनदोजों बिमाबिफायारि मोनदांगोहो, आरो नांथाबनायफोरानो जादों मोजां गथ’ नुजाथिनि गाहाय सिनफोर। In a black, low educational standard group of teenage mothers with pre-term babies, this was demonstrated in front of the parent(s). मोनसे गोसोमाव, आगु-सम खुदियाफोर गोनां लाइमोन बिमाफोरनि खम सोलोंथायारि मानथाय हानजा, बेखौ बिमा-बिफाफोरनि सिगाङाव दिनथिफुंनाय जादोंमोन। In the first trial, nurse-visited high-risk women improved their diet and reduced their smoking in pregnancy and made better use of formal and informal sources of support. गिबि नाजानायाव, जोथोनगिरि-दावबायजानाय बां-खैफोदगोनां आयजोफोरा गावसोरनिआदारखौ जौगाहोदोंमोन आरो गोरबोथानायाव बिसोरनि थांखु-सोबनायखौ खमायदोंमोन आरो हेफाजाबनि नेमगोनां आरो नेमगोयै फुंखाफोरखौ साबसिन बाहायदोंमोन। In the two years after birth home visiting continued and the intervention group had fewer non-accidental injuries and ingestions. जोनोमनि नै बोसोर उनाव न’ दावबायहैनाया सोलिगासिनो दंमोन आरो मावआगान हानजाहा खम हरखाबथिगोयै जखम आरो हजमजानायफोर दंमोन। Including infant mental health in the training of midwives would give a positive impetus to universal infant mental health. गथ-जोथोन-आयजोफोरनि फोरोंथायाव खुदिया मेलम देहाखौ सरजाबफानाया सरासनस्रा खुदिया मेलेम देहायाव मोनसे मोजां थुलुंगा होगोन। Inevitably, information, and the will and resources to implement recommendations will be more easily accessed by families who are best resourced in other ways. गोनांथिबादियै, खौरां, आरो गनायथिफोरखौ बाहायनायनि हाबिला आरो फुंखाफोरा नखरफोरजों गोरलैयैनो मोनहासजागोन जायफोरा गुबुन दिथिंफोराव साबसिनै राहाखालामजागोन। Insecurely attached mothers were offered four home visits. रैखाथिगोयैयै नांथाबहोजानाय बिमाफोरा खेबब्रै न दावबायथिफोर होजादोंमोन। Involvement in a programme may have positive effects on other outcome measures and attrition of control groups undermines the findings of several studies. मोनसे हाबाफारियाव बाहागोलाफानायहा गुबुन नुजाथिनाय(outcome) राहाफोराव मोजां जाउनफोर थानोहागौ आरो होबथा हानजाफोरनि जामखनाया गोबां नायबिजिरथिफोरनि जाउनफोरखौ लोरबांखालामो। It runs for one day a week for fourteen weeks for mothers and babies under a year. बेयो बिमाफोर आरो से बोसोर सिं खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय जिब्रै सफथानि थाखाय सफथासेयाव सानसे सालायो। Kangaroo care for low birth weight infants was shown to change the mother’s perception of her infant and increased mother-child responsiveness at 41 weeks gestational age. खम लिरथाय खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय केंगारु जोथोनखौ गावनि खुदियानि सायाव थानाय बिमानि सानदांथिखौ सोलायनो दिनथिनाय जादोंमोन आरो गोरबोथानाय 41 दान बैसोआव बिमा-गथ’ खाबजाथायफोरखौ बांहोदोंमोन। Knowledge of the evidence, making information available to all families and providing the means to use it is an interagency responsibility. फोरमाननि गियान, गासै नख’रफोरनो खौरांफोरखौ थोजासे खालामनाय आरो बेखौ बाहायनो राहाफोर जगायनाया मोनसे इसिंएजेनसि बानसनगिरि। Longer programmes also had a greater effect than those lasting less than six months. द’ दाननिख्रुइ खमसिन जोरनायफोरनिख्रुइ गोलाव हाबाफारिफोरहा एसे बांसिन जाउनफोरबो दंमोन। Lengthy, intensive programmes based on a combination of sensitivity, representation and support show what the authors call “disappointingly small or even negative effects” on attachment. गोलावै, सांग्रांथि, थानदैथि आरो हेफाजाबनि मोनसे जथायाव सोनारनाय गोथौ हाबाफारिफोरा नांथाबनायाव लिरगिरिफोरा बुंनाय “जोबोरैनो फिसा एबा गाज्रि जाउनखौबो” दिनथियो। Lyons-Ruth et al showed an improvement in infant development, infant attachment, mother-infant interaction, maternal depression and maternal social contacts following weekly home visiting by either a trained lay-worker or a professional. लिवन्स-रुथमोनहा सासे गोरों ले-मावथि(lay-worker) एबा सासे प्रफेसनेलजों सफतायारियै न’ दावबायहैनायखौ फालिनानै खुदिया जौगानाय, खुदिया नांथाबनाय, बिमा-खुदिया रायज्लायनाय, बिमायारि गोसोबायनाय आरो बिमायारि समाजारि सोमोनदोयाव जौगानाय दिनथिदोंमोन। MacLeod and Nelson reported on a meta-analysis of child maltreatment prevention programmes, 32 of which started antenatally or in the preschool period. मेकलिवद आरो नेलसना गथ’ मेलत्रितमेन्थ होबथानाय हाबाफारिफोरनि मोनसे मेता-बिजिरनायाव फोरमायथिदोंमोन, जायनि 32आ जोनोम-सिगाङै एबा आगुफरायसालि समाव जागायदोंमोन। Mellow Babies is a focussed programme using cognitive-behavioural interventions for the mothers and video feedback to intervene in parenting. मेलल’ बेबिसा बिमाफोरनि थाखाय सानगोहो आखुयारि मावआगानफोर आरो गथ’जोथोन लानायाव आखायहोनो भिदिअ बोसोन(feedback)खौ बाहायनाय मोनसे नोजोरहोजानाय हाबाफारि। Midwives’ screening using interviews covering drug and alcohol use, domestic violence, and obstetric history, along with questionnaires such as the Antenatal Psychosocial Risk. सोंलुफोर जेरैहाय एनतेनातेल साइकससिइल रिस्कजों लोगोसे द्राग आरो जौ बाहायनाय, नखारारि हिंसा, आरो अबसतेत्रिक जारिमिनखौ लाफानानै मोगा-मोगिफोर बाहायनानै गथ’ जोथोनहोग्रा आयजोफोरनि आनजादनायनाय। Most antenatal classes are offered in the last trimester, concentrate on delivery and are used preferentially by more middle class parents. जोनोमहोनायाव गोसो होनानै, बांसिन जोनोम-सिगां थाखोफोरखौ जोबथा थामथि-सेमिस्ताराव होनाय जायो आरो गोबां गेजेर थाखो बिम-बिफाफोरजों मोजांमोनसिननानै बाहायजोयो। Mothers classified on their own attachment style as insecure-dismissing profited from video interaction guidance. रैखाथिगैयै-फोजोबनाय बादियै गावसोरनि असे नांथाबनाय महराव थाखोरानजानाय बिमाफोरा भिदिअ मोगा-मोगि बोसोननिफ्राय मुलामफा जादोंमोन। Mothers identified as having specific needs were then seen using a counselling model. उनाव, थि गोनांथिफोर गोनां महरै सिनायजानाय बिमाफोरखौ मोनसे सुबुरुनहोनाय नेरसोन बाहायनाय नुदों। Mothers who were insecure–preoccupied tended to profit more from video feedback with additional discussions about their childhood attachment experiences. बिमाफोरा, जायफोरा सिगांनो-खैफोदगोनांखामोन, गावसोरनि उनदैसम नांथाबनाय रोंमोनदांथिनि सोमोनदै उफेरा सावरायफानायजों भिदिअ बोसोननिफ्राय(feedback) बांसिन मुलामफा मोननो लुबैदोंमोन। Onozawa, et al showed that an infant massage class improved mother infant interaction for mothers with post-natal depression. अलझावामोना दिनथिदोंमोनदि मोनसे खुदिया मालिस थाखोआ जोनोम-उन दुखुथानाय बिमाफोरनि थाखाय बिमा खुदिया रायज्लायनायखौ जौगाहोदोंमोन। Parents participate in 6-session antenatal groups with a psycho-social and developmental theme at around 20 weeks gestation, before the impending birth becomes imminent and all consuming. जोनोम जाहांनाय सिगां बिमा-बिफाफोरा फ्राय 20 सफथा गोरबो थानाय समाव 6- Perinatal services are again in a strong position to reach almost every family. पेरिनेतेल आबारफोरा आरेबाव फ्राय नखरफ्रोमखौबो सहैनायनि मोनसे गोख्रों थाथायाव दं। Pregnancy outcomes in the replications were less clear, but maternal life-course changes and better childcare were evident. फिननायफोराव गोरबो-थानाय  नुजाथिनायफोरा खम रोखामोन, नाथाय बिमायारि जिउ-फालिथाया सोलायथिफोर आरो मोजांसिन गथ’जोथोना रोखाफोरमानमोन। Primary health care workers in five European countries were trained to conduct health promotion interviews with all prospective mothers one month before and one month after delivery. मोनबा इउरपियान हादोरफोराव गुदि देहा जोथोन मावथिफोरखौ जोनोम-होनायनि से दान सिगां आरो उनाव गासै जाथावना बिमाफोरजों देहा जैगाहोनाय मोगा-मोगिफोर खुंनो फोरोंदोंमोन। Programme completers did not differ from drop-outs, or from those who only had a single contact. हाबाफारि फोजोबग्राफोरा फरायसालि-नागारनायफोरनिफ्राय एबा मोनसेल’ सोमोनदो गोनांफोरनिफ्राय फाराग खालामाखैमोन। Programmes combining more than one type of intervention and with an empowerment/strengths-based approach were more powerful. मोनसेनिख्रुइ बांसिन रोखोमनि मावआगान दाजाबफानानै आरो राहाफोरनि सायाव गोहो/बोलोगोनां हाबाफारिफोरा बांसिन गोहोगोनांमोन। Programmes helping families to meet basic needs and offering mentoring were more effective than parenting and child development programmes and clinic-based programmes were more effective than home visiting services. गुदि गोनांथिफोरखौ सुफुंनो नखरफोरखौ हेफाजाब होनाय आरो बोसोन होनाय हाबाफारिफोरा गथ’जोतोन लानाय आरो गथ’ जौगाहोनाय हाबाफारिफोरनिख्रुइ बांसिन जाउनगोनां आरो क्लिनिक बिथागोनां हाबाफारिफोरा न’ दावबायहैनाय आबारफोरनिख्रुइ बांसिन जाउनगोनांमोन। Programmes involving fathers were rare, but have been shown to be positive and the need exists for greater involvement of teenage fathers who may be marginalized or neglected. बिफाफोरखौ सरजाबफानाय हाबाफारिफोरा खममोन, नाथाय मोजां होननानै दिनथिजादों आरो गोनांथिया नुजाहोयो सेंग्राजालाय बिफाफोरनि गोबांसिन बाहागोलानायखौ नुजाहोयो जायफोरा नेवसिजानो एबा मुगैजानो हागौ। Provision to support the relationships of the mothers and their babies and protect the mental health and development of the babies is considered in the core staffing. बिमाफोर आरो बिसोरनि खुदियाफोरनि सोमोनदोफोरखौ हेफाजाब होनो आरो खुदियाफोरनि मेलेम देहा आरो जौगानायखौ रैखाखालामनायनि राहाखौ गाहाय मददहोनायाव गनायथिनाय जादों। Scholz and Samuels is one of the few papers to address the potential for fathers to make a contribution to and enjoy the development of their infant. स्कल्ज आरो सामुएल्सा बिफाफोरखौ गावसोरनि खुदियानि जौगानायखौ हाफाजाब खालामनो आरो मोनफुंनायनि गोहोखौ दिनथिनायनि खायसे लिरबिलाइफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे। Shorter and less intense programmes seemed to be as effective as longer programmes and those of 10-12 weeks were considered the most cost-effective. गुसुंसिन आरो खम गोख्रों हाबाफारिफोरा गोलावसिन हाबाफारिफोरनि बादि जाउनगोनां सानजादोंमोन आरो 10-12 सफथाफोरनिखौ बांसिन मुलामफागोनां गनायथिनाय जादोंमोन। Since these programmes have low cost and a large effect size (d=0.62), despite some variability, they can be highly recommended to service providers as cost-effective nterventions. खायसे सोलाय-सोल’ थासेयावबो, बेफोर हाबाफारिफोरहा खम खरसा आरो गोबां जाउन महरफोर(d=0.62) दं जेला, मुलामफागोनां मावआगानफोर बादियै बेफोरो आबार जगायग्रोफोरनो गोख्रोङै गनायथिहोजायो। Some families will need additional support and other more intensive therapeutic interventions. खायसे नखरफोरनो उफेरा हेफाजाब आरो गुबुन बांसिन गोख्रों थेरापिउतिक मावआगानफोर गोनांथि जागोन। The approach is designed to meet the needs of families throughout the early development of the child, from birth to five years. जोनोमनिफ्राय बा बोसोरसिम, खुदियानि आगु जौगानायनि गेजेरजों नखरफोरनि गोनांथिफोरखौ सुफुंनो राहाखौ महरहोनाय जादों। The appropriate targeting of additional support to “at risk” groups requires that mechanisms are in place to recognise who these groups are and that effective tools are made available to them. “खैफोदगोनां” हानजाफोरनो उफेरा हेफाजाबहोनायनि थि थांखिनो गोनांजायोदि बेफोर हानजाफोरा सोर सिनायथिनो राहाफोर दंखायो आरो जाउनगोनां आयजेंफोरखौ बिसोरनो थोजासे खालामनाहोनाय जायो। The clinical significance of the effects was small and may not be cost-effective, although even a small reduction in child abuse risk might be considered worthwhile. जाउनफोरनि क्लिनिकेल गोनांथिया फिसामोन आरो मुलामफा गैयाबो जानोहागौ, अब्लाबो गथ’ गाज्रि-बाहायनाय खैफोदाव एसे खमायनायाबो थोजासे-गोनां गनायथिजानो हागौ। The concepts of the Integrated Assessment Framework are useful but are not linked to validated measures. इनथिग्रेथेद एसेसमेन्त फ्रेमवर्कनि सानदांथिफोरा बाहायफुंथाव नाथाय आइनगोनां राहाफोरजों सोमोनदो गैया। The conditions to foster good social and emotional development, which will also foster good cognitive and language development, should be promoted for all babies. मोजां समाजारि आरो आबेगारि जौगानायखौ खांनायनि थासारिफोरखौ, जाय मोजां सानगोहो आरो राव जौगानायखौबो खांगोन, गासैबो खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय जगायनाहोनांगोन। The core concepts of containment, reciprocity and behaviour management are delivered by multi-disciplinary staff and backed up with a resource pack. मावथांखि, रेसिप्रसिति(reciprocity) आरो आखु सामलायथिनि गोथौ सानदांथिफोरा बां-आब्रथियारि मावहानजाजों दिहुनजादोंमोन आरो मोनसे फुंखा थफ्लाजों सुंथाजादोंमोन। The definition of a “good outcome” is also elusive, since many of the key outcome indicators will not be evident until much later in the child’s development. मोनसे “मोजां नुजाथिनाय”नि बेखेवथियाबो जेंनागोनां, गाहाय नुजाथिनाय दिनथिग्राफोरनि गोबाङा गथ’नि जौगानायाव बांद्राय गोबावजायैसिम फोरमान जानाय नङा। The development of prenatal mental health units where mothers can be admitted accompanied by their baby is welcomed. जोनोम-सिगां मेलेम देहा सानगुदिफोरनि जौगानाया बरायजागोन, जेराव बिमाफोरा बिसोरनि खुदियाजों लोगोसे थिसनजागोन। The European Early Promotion Project is a primary health care service to promote children’s mental health. इउरपियान आरलि प्रमसन प्रजेक्तआ गथ’फोरनि मेलेम देहाखौ जौगाहोनो मोनसे गुदि देहा जोथोन आबार। The families engaged in this group, held in a Sure Start family centre, have shown an increased involvement in supportive postnatal services, including Sure Start. मोनसे सिउर स्तर्त(Sure Start) नखर मिरुयाव खुंजानाय, बे हानजायाव मुखुब खालायजानाय नखरफोरा सिउर स्तर्त(Sure Start) सरजाबफानानै हेफाजाबगोनां जोनोम-उन आबारफोराव बांनाय बाहागोलानायखौ दिनथिदों। The Feeding Your Baby With Love video was made in close co-operation with a group of black teenage mothers who provided the content and the commentary in such a way as to ensure that the message was conveyed in culturally and age appropriate ways. फिदिं इवर बेबि उइथ लाभ भिदिअखौ गोसोम लाइमोन बिमाफोरनि मोनसे हानजाजों खाथि हेफाजाबाव बानायनाय जादोंमोन जाय फारिलाइ आरो बिबुंथिफोरखौ एरैबादि होदोंमोनदि जेन खौरांखौ हारिमुयारियै आरो थि बैसो बादियै फोरमायजायो। The intervention mothers were more sensitive at 13 months than were a group of control mothers. 13 दानाव होबथा बिमाफोरनि मोनसे हानजानिख्रुइ मावआगान बिमाफोरा बांसिन सांग्रांमोन। The mothers became less depressed and observed positive interaction with their babies increased while negative interaction decreased. बिमाफोरा खम गोसोबायग्रा जाबाय आरो बिसोरनि गथ’गोरलैफोरजों मोजां सोमोनदो बारायनाय नुनोमोनबाय जेब्ला गाज्रि सोमोनदोया खमायबाय। The national health demonstration project Starting Well was undertaken in Glasgow, based on the Olds model. हादोरारि देहा दिनथिफुंनाय आसनि मोजाङै जागायजेननाया ग्लासगौआव गोजाम नमुनायाव सोनारनानै आखायाव लानाय जादोंमोन। The positive effects in the intervention group were still evident at 15 year follow-up in that unmarried poor mothers had fewer subsequent pregnancies, less time on welfare benefits and fewer criminal convictions and drug related problems. मावआगान हानजायाव मोजां जाउनफोरा दासिमबो 15 बोसोर नायसंफिननायाव रोखाफोरमानमोन, जेराव हाबाजायै दुखुथिया बिमाफोरहा खम उननि गोरबो थानाय, अनसाय मुलामफायाव खम सम, आरो खम दायनिगिरि बिजिरथिफोर आरो द्राग(मुलै) सोमोनदोगोनां जेंनाफोर दंमोन। The study showed that few differences were evident between intervention and control areas on key indices of parent-child relationships at the end of the first phase of the project. बिजिरनाया दिनथिबाय दि खम फारागफोरा रोखामोन, मावआगान आरो होबथाजानाय जायगाफोरनि गेजेराव, आसनिनि गिबि थाखोनि जोबनायाव बिमाबिफा-गथ’ सोमोनदोफोरनि फिन दिनथिनाय सायाव। The Sunderland Infancy Project has however been able to engage parents identified by the midwifery or health visiting service as being at risk of difficulties with their children. जिखिजादोया सुनदोरलेन्द खुदिया आसनिहा धाइनि खामानि एबा देहा नायनाय खामानिजों जेंनाफोरनि खैफोदाव थानाय बायदियै सिनायजानाय बिसोरनि गथ’जों बिमा-बिफाफोरखौ मुखुब खालामनो हाबाय। The value of psychotherapeutic work at maternity and child health centres in Stockholm has been shown to encourage a more psycho-social approach to care by case consultations, training and support offered by a psychologist to paediatric staff. स्तकहल्माव गोरबो थानाय आरो गथ’ देहा मिरुफोराव साइकथेरापिउतिक हाबानि बेसेना जोथोननो जाथाय बोसोनलानायफोर, फोरोंथाय आरो सासे गोसो बिगियानारिनिफ्राय पेदिएत्रिक मावथि हानजानो हेफाजाब होनाय गोबां गोसोआरि-सोमोनदै आखायहोनायखौ थुलुंगा होनाय दिनथिदों। There are major difficulties in performing a meta-analysis of intensive therapeutic interventions for families with high levels of need in that few studies are set up to test effectively between treatment types, or standardise age of application or target group. नांनायनि गोजौ थाखोफोरजों नखरफोरनि थाखाय इनतेनसिब थेरापिउतिक मावआगानफोरनि मोनसे मेता-बिजिरनाय हाबायाव गोब्राब जेंनाफोर दं, जेराव खम बिजिरनायफोरा, सिखितसा रोखोमफोर, बाहायनायनि समान खालामजानाय बैसो एबा थांखिजानाय हानजानि गेजेराव जुउनगोनाङै आनजादनायनो गायसनजानाय। There was no relationship between programme intensity or duration and outcome. हाबाफारि गोहो एबा सम आरो फिथायनि गेजेराव जेबो सोमोनदो गैयामोन। These programmes require a minimal investment of professional time and therefore expense. बेफोर हाबाफारिफोरा फालांगियारि समनि मोनसे खम-जाथावना बुथुमनाय नांगौ आरो बेखायनो बेसेन। They had fewer pre-term deliveries and larger babies even among the very young teenage mothers. जोबोर उनदै लाइमोन बिमायारिफोरनि गेजेरावबो, बिसोरहा एसेसिन समनि आगोल जोनोम जानाय आरो गोबांसिन गथ’गोरलैफोर दं, । They were then asked to complete the Mother’s Assessment of the Behavior of her Infant Scale (MABI) at one week intervals for the first month of the baby’s life. बिसोर बेनिउनाव गावनि खुदिया सिरिनि (एम.ए.बि.आइ) आखलखौ गथ’गोरलै जिउनि गिबि दाननि थाखाय मोनसे हपता गेजेरफोराव बिमानि नायसंनायखौ फोजोबनो थिनजादोंमोन। This is an interesting study, but given the labour intensive nature of the Adult Attachment Interview it is not likely to have an immediate application in clinical practice until a more economical method of recognising adult attachment style is available. बेयो मोनसे गोसोदुंखांहोथाव बिजिरनाय, नाथाय बैसोगोरा नांथाबनाय इनतारबिउनि गोथौयै मावथि गुन होजानायाव, बैसोगोरा नांथाबनाय आयदा सिनायनायनि गाबां रांखानथियारि नेमखानथिया थोजासे जायागौमानि क्लिनिकेल खामानियाव मोनसे हरखाब बाहायथि मोननो हाथावै Three studies of interventions involving little personal contact between services and parents have been shown to have significant effects on maternal sensitivity and attachment with large effect sizes. आबार आरो बिमा-बिफानि गोजेराव एसे गावआरि सोमोनदो लाफानानै मावआगानफोरनि मोनथाम बिजिरनायफोरा, गोबां जाउन दाथायफोरजों बिमायारि मोनदांथि आरो नांथाबनायाव ओंथिगोनां जाउनफोर दं होनना दिनथिजाबाय। Two specific interventions have been shown to have a significant impact on later outcome. मोननै थार मावआगानफोरा उन फिथायाव मोनसे ओंथिगोनां जाउन दं होनना दिनथिजाबाय। Two studies which began in the antenatal period were particularly effective and those starting in the antenatal period or at birth were generally of greater effectiveness. मोननै बिजिरनायफोर, गोरबोयाव थानाय सामाव जाय जाजेननाया जुनियायै जोउनगोनां आरो जायफोरा गोरबायाव थानाय समाव एबा जोनोमाव जागायनाया सरासनस्रायै गोबांसिन जाउनगोनांनि। Unfortunately, randomised controlled trials of prevention and early intervention programmes have, in general, proven to be of only short term benefit in indicated groups and of little or no value in heterogeneous “at risk” populations. दुखुनांथावनायै, होबथानाय एबा आगु मावआगान हाबाफारिनि थांखिगैयै हाबथाजानाय आनजादफोरहा, सरासनस्रायै, सिनहोजानाय हानजाफोराव गुसुं सम मुलामफानिल’ आरो एसेल’ एबा हेतेरुजुनास “खैफोद गोनां” सुबुंअनजिमाफोराव बेसेन गैयै फोरमान खालामनाय जाबाय। We recommend that antenatal classes, particularly for vulnerable families, should be offered, for example, through Family Learning Centres or Sure Start centres at around 20 weeks gestation concentrating on infant capabilities and parental responsiveness. जों बोसोनहोयो दि, जुनियायै गाग्लोबनो हाथाव नखरफोरनि थाखाय, जोनोमनि सिगां फोरोंनायफोरा होजानांगौ, बिदिनथि महरै, फ्राय 20 हपताफोरनि गोरबोयाव थानाय समाव नखर सोलोंनाय मिरुफोर एबा थि जागायनाय मिरुफोरनि गेजेरजों खुदिया गोहोफोर एबा बिमा-बिफायारि रायज्लायनाय सायाव नोजोरहोनानै। While the effect is statistically significant, the extent of the input by psychiatric nurses over five years would make this a low cost-effectiveness strategy. जेब्ला जाउना स्थेतिसतिखेलियै ओंथिगोनां, बा बोसोरनि बांसिन साइकिइत्रिक नार्सेफोरजों इनपुतनि बांनाया बे गाहाय मुलामफागोनां आदबखायदा खालामनो हायो। Younger, less well educated and socially deprived groups are the least likely to become engaged. बैसो उनदैफोर, खम लेखा-गोरों आरो समाजारियै नेवसिजानाय हानजाफोरा खामानियाव हाबनाथानो खमसिन जाथावना। A Dartmouth professor studying the chemical characteristics of an organic form of mercury – dimethyl mercury – spilled two drops of it on her gloved hand. दायमिथाइल पारा- पारानि मोनसे जिबयारि महरनि रासायनिक आखुथायखौ नायबिजिरबाय थानाय सासे दारमाउतनि प्रफेचारा गावनि मुजा गाननाय आखाययाव बेखौ थरथिंनै खोखलैदोंमोन। A diet rich in variety often provides enough protein, but because it is so vital to children, it is a good idea to provide concentrated protein sources. रोखोम रोखोमाव गोनां आदारा खनले खनले थोजासे प्र’टिन जगायो, नाथाय मानोना बेयो गथ’फोरनि गोनांथार, बेयो मोजां सानस्रि गुबै प्र’टिनखौ जगायनो। A varied diet does this naturally, but learns what makes up a vegetarian “protein combination” and be sure that your child gets this in a 24 hour period. गुबुन गुबुन आदारा बेखौ सरासनस्रायै खालामो, नाथाय मिरामिसखौ माया थिकखालामोखौ सोलोंयो “प्र’टिन जयै” आरो रोखा जा दि नोंनि गथ’आ 24 गनटा मुगायाव बेखौ मोनो। Alternately, fortified foods or supplementation is required to meet your child’s needs. फाला बायदियै, नोंनि गथ’नि गोनांथिफोरखौ सुफुनो गोहो गोनां आदारफोर एबा फुराखालामग्रा मुवाया नांगौ जायो। Although they afflict widely different age groups, autism and Alzheimer’s disease share a common cause: mercury. जुदिबो, बिसोरो गुवारै गुबुन बैसो हानजाफोरखौ दुखु होयो, अथिजिम आरो आलजायमारनि बेरामा मोनसे सरासनस्रा जाहोन रानलाययो : मारकारि। Another person, attempting to smelt the silver in dental amalgams he obtained (they are 35 percent silver, 50 percent mercury, and 15 percent tin, zinc, and other metals), heated them in a frying pan. गुबुनसासे सुबुङा, गाव मोननाय देनथेल एमालगामफोराव रुफाखौ आवलिहोनो नाजानानै ( बेफोर 36 जौखोनदो रुफा, 50 जौखोनदो पारा, आरो 15 जौखोनदो टिन, दस्टा धातु, आरो गुबुन धातुफोर), बेफोरखौ गंसे सारायाव फुदुंदोंमोन। As of March 1999, the crops with the highest residues in the US were: peaches, apples, grapes, green beans, pears, spinach, and winter squash. 1999नि मार्च्च बाइदिब्ला, इउएसआव गोबांसिन बिदांफोर आद्रा थालांनाइया जादों- बादाम खहे, आफेल, आंगुर, गोथां लेसेरा, नासपाटि, स्पिनेस आरो गोजांबोथोरनि स्क’वाच। As vaccines for other diseases were added, health care providers began injecting increasingly larger doses of mercury into children. जेरै गुबुन बेरामफोरनि टिकाफोरा दाजाबदेरजाबाय, देहा जोथोन होग्राफोरा गथ’फोरनाव पारानि गोबांयै बुरजा मुलैफालि बेजि सुजेनबाय। Autism now afflicts 1 in 100 boys and 1 in 400 girls, and physicians diagnose 100,000 new cases of this disease every year in the U.S (using diagnostic criteria, in the DSM-IV, that is more restrictive than the previous DSM-IIIR). औथिजोमा दा 100 हौवाफोर निफ्राय 1 आरो 400हिनजावफोर निफ्राय 1नाव दुखु होयो, आरो दाक्टरफोरा इउएसआव बोसोरफ्रोमबो बे बेरामनि 100,000 गोदान जाथायफोरखौडायेग्नअस्सि खालामो(दिएसएम-IV आव डायेग्नअसतिक बिजिरनायनि नेम बाहायनानै, जाय गिबि दिएसएम-IIIआर निफ्राय बांसिन हेंथा होग्रासिन) Autism occurred in one out of every 350 of these children. औथिजोमा बिसोर गथ’फोरनि मोनफ्रोमबो 350नि गेजेराव सासेनाव जादोंमोन। Autism was discovered in 1943, in American children, twelve years after ethyl mercury (thimerosal) was added to the pertussis vaccine. पारतुससिस टिकायाव इटाइल पाराया (थिमारअस्ल)दाजाब देरनायनि जिनै बोसोर उनाव, 1943आव औथिजोमा आमेरिकानि गथ’फोरनाव मिथिजादोंमोन। Avoid wheat and nuts until after one year of age, to avoid possible food sensitivities. गम आरो नाटफोरखौ सेबोसोरनि बैसोसिम नागार, जाथाव आदारनि थदमोननायफोरखौ एंगारनो। B12 can only be found in animal foods, and if these are completely excluded form your diet then supplementation is necessary. बि12खौ जुनार आदारफोरावल’ मोनो, आरो जुदि बेफोरखौ नोंनि आदारफोरनिफ्राय गासैखौबो नागारब्ला होमबा उफ्रामुबाया गोनां। Be aware that vegetarian children are generally lighter than their omnivorous counterparts. सांग्रां जा दि मैगंल’ जाग्रा गथ’फोरा बिसोरनि गासैबो जाग्रा कावनटारपार्ट निफ्राय सरासनस्रायै रेजेंसिन। Both of these hormones are thought to contribute to the slow return of fertility among breastfeeding women. बेफोर मोननैबो हरमोनफोरा आहार-दौग्रा हिनजावफोरनि गेजेराव फारथिलिथिनि लासै फैफिननाययाव हेफाजाब होयोहोना सानजायो। Breast milk is rich in essential fatty acids, formula is not. आबु गायखेरा गोनांथार मेजेम-गोनां एसिदफोराव गोनां, फोरमुलाया नङा। Breast milk should be offered for the first two years, especially to vegan children. आबु गायखेरा सेथि नै बोसोरसिम होनांगोन, जुनियायै जेबो-जायै गथ’फोरनो। Breastfeeding a toddler can attract the sort of disapproval that any breastfeeding mother was subjected to a generation ago, leading some mothers to become "closet nursers". थाबायनो रोंहांनाय गथ’खौ आबु दौनाययानेउसिनायबायदिखौ मुहिनो हागौ दि जायखिजाया आबु-दौनाय बिमाया गोदोनि फोलेरयाव रादायगोनांमोन, मानोना माखासे बिमाफोरखौ “क्लजेत नारसारफोर” जाहोनो दैदेननो। Breastfeeding also releases endorphins, the body's natural opiates, for both mother and baby (Tay, 1991), underlining the pleasurable aspects for both partners in this amazing and rewarding relationship. आबु दौनायया एनडरफिन्स हगारो, देहानि गुबै निद्रागोनां, सानैबो बिमा आरो खुदियानि थाखाय (ते, 1991), बे सोमोनांथाव आरो फिथायगोनां सोमोनदोथियावसानैबो बाहागोगिरिनि थाखाय गोजोनथाव नुथायखौ जर होयो। British Columbia residents take note: Produce grown in BC is subjected to a lot fewer chemicals than other provinces and countries. ब्रिटिश कलामबियानि थागिरिफोरा फोरमायथि लायो:बिसियाव आबाद गायजानायया गुबुन ओनसोल आरो हादोरफोरनिख्रुइ गोबांयैनो इसेल’सिन रोसायनिकफोराव रादायगोनांमोन। Buy BC whenever it is not possible to buy organic. जायखिजाया समावअरगेनिकखौ बायनो जाथाव नङाब्ला, बिसिखौ बाय। Calcium sources are beans, leafy greens, figs, blackstrap molasses, fortified beverages, etc. केलसियाम गोनां फुंखाफोरा लेसेराफोर, गोथां बिलायफोर, दुमरुफोर, ब्लेखसत्रेपमेथाइ, गोहोगोनां लोंग्रा-मुबाफोर, बायदि बायदि। Chemicals accumulate in the fat of animals, such as those found in the animal's feed (pesticides, fungicides, etc.). जुनारफोरनि मेजेमाव रासायनिकफोर जमाययो, जेरै बैसोर, जुनारनि आदारराव मोनो (एमफौबुथारग्रा-मुलै, मैखुनखानायबुथारग्रा-मुलै, बायदिबायदि)। Currently the two most important sources of mercury exposure for Americans are dental amalgams and vaccinations. आथिकालाव,देनतेल एमालगामफोर आरो भेकसिन खामानिफोरा आमेरिकानि थागिरिफोरनि थाखाय पारा दिनथिनायनि मोननै बांसिन गोनां फुंखाफोर। Dettwyler notes that "In every case, regardless of the outcome health variable, the longer the child was breastfed, the better the health outcome, with the children breastfed for 18-24+ months having the lowest risk. देथथ्वैलर, फोरमाथियो दि “मोनफ्रोमबो जाथायाव, देहा रोखोम जाउन थायेआवबो, गथ’आ इसिनो गोबाव आबु दैजैयो इसिनो मोजां देहानि जाउना, गथफोर 18-24+ मासफोरा गाहायसिन खैफोद” Dettwyler, Associate Professor of Anthropology and Nutrition at Texas AandM University has recently summarised the research on breastfeeding beyond 6 months, in a soon to be published paper. देथथ्वैलर, टेकसेस एएनएम भुमफरायसालियाव सुबुं देहा बिगियान आरो निउत्रिसनि एस’सियेतप्रफेसारा, बावैसोयै 6 दाननि बारा आबुदौनायनि नायबिजिरनायखौ सुंद’खालामबाय थाबैनो फोसावजागोन लेखा बिलाइयाव। Elemental mercury when released by a dental amalgam is inhaled and (80 percent of it) absorbed by the lungs and retained in the body. गुदि पाराया जेब्ला देनतेल एमालगामजों हगारजायो, संफ्ल’फोरजों हां-लाजाबाय आरो (बेनि 80 जौखोनदो) सोबजाबाय आरो देहायाव लाखिजाबाय। Even in medieval times, the dangers of early weaning were understood, and sickly infants, twins and males were breastfed longer than the usual one to two years (Filds, 1995). गेजेर समावबो, आहारखौ थाब एंगारनायनि खैफोदफोरा मिनथिजादों, आरो बेमारि खुदियाफोर, जेवजाफोर आरो हौवाफोरा सरासनस्रा सेनिफ्राय नै बोसोरफोरनिख्रुइ बावसिन आबु दौजादों (फिल्द्स, 1995)। Even when in a solid state, combined with other metals as an alloy, mercury atoms continually escape into the atmosphere. गथा अबस्थायाव ब्लाबो, गुबुन धातुफोरजों जरायजानाय जेरै गलामिनदेर धातु, पारा परमानुफोर बारमण्डलयाव गलेगलेयै बारग’यो Extended breastfeeding also has physical benefits for mothers, partly through the release of hormones in her body as she nurses. फोलावनाय आबु-दौनायहाबो बिमाफोरनि थाखाय देहायारि मुलामफाफोर दं, इसेयैबाबो जेब्ला बियो आहार दौयो बिनि देहानिफ्राय हरमनफोर हगारनायनि गेजेरजों। Finding community support can be very important in helping your child maintain healthy eating habits, as vegan diets are often misunderstood and even feared by well-meaning family members, neighbours, and teachers. सुबुं-समाज सुथानाय मोननायया जोबोद गोनां जानो हागौ नोंनि गथ’नि देहागोनां जानाय सर’खौ लाखिनो हेफाजाबहोनाययाव, मानेना आदार खहाबैफोरा गले गले गोरोनथियै बुजिजायो आरो मोजां-साननाय नख’रनि सोद्रोमाफोर, न’उसुंसेआरिफोर, आरो फोरोंगिरिफोरजों गिजायोबो। Fish harbor another organic form of mercury – methyl mercury, which is obtained from plankton that synthesizes it from inorganic mercury extracted from the sea. नाहापारानि गुबुन-मोनसे जैबव दाथाय दङ - मिथायल पारा, जायखौ प्लेंकटनालैथो निफ्राय मोननायजायो लैथोनिफ्राय बोखांजानाय जैबनङै पारा निफ्राय बेखौ जखालामो। For the first 6 months breast milk or formula offers all that a child needs nutritionally. गिबि 6मासनि थाखाय, आबु गाइखेर एबा फरमुलाया गायिबोखौ जासियो जायखौ गथ’नोनिउत्रिसनयै नांगौ। Fortified foods such as meat analogues and fortified milk substitutes provide B12. गोहो बारायग्रा आदारफोर जेरै बेद’र बायदिफोर आरो गोहो बारायग्रा गाइखेर बदलफोरा B12 जगायो। Growing children need the materials to build a body. देरफुनाय गथ’फोरनो देहा लुनो थाखाय मुवाफोर नांगौ। He avoids eye contact and becomes strange and aloof. His vision becomes blurred; and he develops various motor disturbances, such as involuntary jerking of the arms and legs and walking on his toes. बियो मेगनजों रायज्लायनायखौ एंगारो आरो सिनायमोनै आरो जुदा जायो। बिनि नुनायया मेनद्ला जायो; आरो बियो बायदि-रोखोमनिसालायनो हानाय गोहोनि असानतिखौबांहोयो, जेरै आखानथिफोर आरो आथिंफोरनि गावनोगाव मावनाय आरो बिनि आथिंनि-आसिजों थाबायनाय। If breast milk, dairy, or egg is included in the diet, then protein combining is usually not important. जुदि आबु गाइखेर, गाइखेर-मुवा, एबा दावदैआ आदाराव थादेरो, होमबा प्रोटिन दाजाबदेरनायया सरासनस्रायै गोनां नङा। If dairy is excluded from your child’s diet, be sure to include other calcium rich foods. जुदि गाइखेर-मुवाया नोंनि गथ’नि आदारनिफ्राय एंगारजायो, थि जा गुबुन खेलसियाम गोनां आदारफोरा सोदेरजायो। If there is a history of allergies in the family (hayfever, eczema, asthma, food allergies) exclude wheat and dairy for as long as possible, and avoid other allergens such as soy, corn , citrus, and egg. जुदि नखराव मानायफोरनि जारिमिन दङब्ला (गगामोननानै लोमजानाय, बिगुर बेराम, हाफानि, आदारनि माननायफोर) गेहु आरो गाइखेरनि मुवाखौ बिसिबां हायो एंगार आरे गुबुन मानहोग्रा जेरै सअइ, जुंखाम, गोखैफोर आरो दावदैखौ एंगार। In a typical case, shortly before his 2nd birthday a normally developing, healthy boy stops communicating with others and withdraws into himself. नेसोनथि गोनां थासारिआव, थाबैनो बिनि 2 बोसोर जोनोमसाननि सिगां, नेमयैनो देरनाय देहागोनां हौवाया गुबुनफोरजों सोमोनदोलानायखौ बंद’खालामो आरो गावखौनो गेजेराव लाफिननो। In contrast, mothers in most traditional cultures breastfeed their babies into at least the second year, as did most mothers in Western Europe until this century (Dettwyler, 1995). बेनि बेरेखायाव, बांसिन सोलिबोनाय नेमखानथि हारिमुआव बिमाफोरा खमावबाबो नै बोसोरसिम गावसिनि गथफोरखौ आबु-दौयो, जेरै सोनाबारि इउर’पाव दासिमनि जौथायसिम बांसिन बिमाफोरा खालामो (देथथ्वैलर1995)। In general, studies support vegetarian diets for children, if proper food choices are made. सरासनस्रायै, नायबिजिरथिफोरा गथ’फोरनि थाखाय निरामिस आदारफोरखौ गनायथियो, जुदि थि आदार सायख’जानायफोरा बानायजायो। In lockstep with the government, the American Dental Association (ADA) claims that amalgams are safe, and the mercury in them poses no problem. सरखारजों लखसथेपआव, आमेरिकोन देनतल एस’सिएस्ना (ADA) बुङो दि एमालगामफोरा खैफोद गैया, आरो बिसोरनाव दं पाराया जेंना सोमजिहोआ। In the 1950s, with an immunization schedule limited to four vaccines (against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and smallpox), 1 in 10,000 children developed this disease. 1950फोराव, होबथाग्रा मुवायाब्रै टिकाफोरनो ल(गोदोनानि बेराम, धनुस्टंकार बेराम, पारथुससिस, आरो लोनथि बेरनायनि बेरेखा), बे बेरामा 10,000 गथ’फोरनिफ्राय सासेनाव जादोंमोन। Include anoil such as flax in your child’s diet for insurance if there are no other sources being consumed regularly. जुदि बेयाव सामफ्रामबो जाजाबाय थानाय गुबुन जेबो फुंखाफोर गैयाब्ला खहासुफुंनो थाखाय नोंनि गथ’नि आदाराव फ्लेक्स बायदि थावखौ सोदेरफा। Infants and toddlers require fat for proper development. खुदियाफोर आरो थाबायनो रोंहांनाय गथ’फोरनो थि देरनायनि थाखाय मेजेम नांगौ। Investigators have shown that there is a direct relationship between increasing doses of mercury in vaccines and autism. नायबिजिरग्राफोरा दिनथिबाय दि टिकायाव पारानि बारायनाय फालिआरो ओतिजोमनि गेजेराव थोंगोर योमोनदो दङ। Iron sources are grains, dried fruit, coconut milk, blackstrap molasses, soybeans, beans, etc. आइरन फुंखाफोरा बेगरफोर, गोरान फिथाय, नारेंकल, गायखेर, ब्लेखसत्रेप मेथाइ, सबायबिमाफोर, बिनफोर बायदि बायदि। Iron stores decrease at around 6 months, and breast milk has low quantities, but highly absorbable iron. आइरन बिबांफोरा 6 दाननि गेजेराव खमायो, आरो आबु गायखेरहा खम बिबांफोर नाथाय गोबांयै सोबखांजाग्रा आइरन दङ। It is generally recommended that supplementation be provided as iron is so crucial in infant development. बेयो सरासनस्रायै बोसोन होजायो दि उफ्रा मुवाया आइरन बायदि जगायजानायया खुदायानि देरनाययाव जोबोद गोनां। It releases a steady stream of gaseous mercury atoms that linger in the atmosphere for months (eventually falling back to earth and its oceans in an inorganic form in rain drops). बेयो बारबायदि पारा एटमफोरनि नेमनि सारि हगारयो जाय बारमण्डलाव गोबां माससिम थाबायथायो (जोबनायाव भुहुमाव आरो बेनि लैथोमाफोरा अखायाव जैबव-नङै दाथाययै गोग्लैफिनो) It was at that time that I read a book called Mothering Your Nursing Toddler. बेयो बै समावमोन दि आं मादारइं इअर नारसिं थदलार होननाय बिजाबखौ फरायदोंमोन। Limit meat consumption and remove all visible fat. Whole fat dairy products (milk, cheese) are also likely to contain higher residues. बेदर जानायखौ खमाय आरो गासैबो नुसारनाय मेजेमखौ बोखार। गासैबो मेजेम गोनां गाइखेर मुवाफोराबो (गाइखेर, माखन) गोबां गोदि थानो हागौ। Many excellent resources exist that can help educate those in your child's life who have concerns, and possibly alleviate any misconceptions they may have. गोबां साबसिन फुंखाफोर थायो जाय नोंनि गथ’नि जिउयाव जायहा साननाय दं बिसोरखौ सोलोंथायहोनो हेफाजाब होयो आरो बिसोरहा थानोहाथाव जिखुनुजा गोरोनथि-सानदांथिफोर जानोहाथावनायै गोरलैखालामो। Mercury is most likely a causative factor in other developmental disorders as well, such as delayed speech and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. पाराया गुबुन जौगालु गाज्रिजानायावबो जाहोथाव मोनसे जाहोन जानो हागौ, जेरै गोबावजानाय बिबुंथि आरो गोसोहोनाय खमजानायनि बांखामानि गाज्रिजानाय। Mercury is one proton (neutron and electron) heavier than gold – the atomic number of gold is 79; mercury, 80. पारा मोनसे प्र’टन (निउत्रन आरो इलेकत्रन)सनानिख्रुइ गिलिरसिन-सनानि एटमिक अनजिमाया 79,पारा,80। Mothers must eat essential fatty acids for their milk to have ample amounts. बिमाफोरा गोनांथार मेजेम-गोनां एसिदफोर जानांगौ गावसोरनि गाइखेराव गोबां बिबांथानो थाखाय। My first-born, Emma, was 14 months old and I had enrolled in a course, and, with the feeling of my life opening up again, had begun to wean. आंनि गिबि-जोनोम जानाय, एमाया, 14 मास मोन आरो आं मोनसे सोलोंथायारि आयदायाव मुं थिसनदोंमोन, आरो आंनि जिउआ जागायफिननाय बायदि साननायजों, आहार जानायखौ एंगार होजेनबाय। My three keen nurslings have, to me, well proven the benefits of an extended breastfeeding relationship, with a physical resilience and emotional independence that comes. आंनि बायदिब्ला आंनि साथाम मोजां आहारजाग्रा खुदियाफोरा फोलावजानाय आबु-दौनाय सोमोनदोनि मुलामफाफोरखौ मोजाङै फोरमानखालामबाय, मोनसे देहायारि फिनमहरमोननाय आरो आबेगारि उदांस्रिजों जाय फैयो। New studies published this year support her conclusions that breastfeeding is associated with higher IQ and school achievements in later childhood, with the benefit probably increasing with duration of nursing. बे बोसोराव फोसावजानाय गोदान नायबिजिरथिफोरा बिनि जोबथाथिफोरखौ गनायथियो दि आबु-दौनाया गोजौसिन आइकिउजों आरो इउन उनदै-समाव फरायसालि देरहासारनायजों सोमोनदोगोनां, जानोहागौ आहार-दौनायनि सम बारायनायनि मुलामफाजों। Norma Jane Bumgarner certainly convinced me, and Emma and I went on to nurse happily for three more years. नरमा जेन बामगारनारा आंखौ आरो एमाखौ, थारैनो फोथायहोबाय आरो आं खुसियै थाम बोसोर बारा आहार दौबावबाय। Only formula should be used as a substitute, soy, dairy, and other milks - even when fortified - are not suitable for infants. फरमुलाखौल’ सोसायजाथाव बायदि बाहाय, सय, गाइखेर मुवा, आरो गुबुन गाइखेरफोर-जुदि गोहो गोनांब्लाबो - खुदियाफोरनो आरजाथाव नङा। Over the years I have also learned about the more tangible advantages of extended nursing. बिसिबांबा बोसोरनि उनाव आंबो फोलावनाय आहार-दौनायनि गोबां मोनदांहाथाव सुजुगनि बारै मिनथिबाय। Oxytocin, which is responsible for the let-down reflex during breastfeeding, has been called the love hormone because of its relationship to orgasm, birth, breastfeeding and bonding. अकसित’सिन, जाय आबु दौनाय समाव इन्द्रिया थनथ्र’नायखौ गाहायखालामनायनिथाखाय बिबानगोनांआ, अनायनि हरमन होनजाबाय बेनि आथोननि सुख, जोनोम, आबु-दौनाय आरो दौलेंनि सोमोनदोथि लानायनिथाखाय। Plant proteins need to be combined to resemble the protein profile our bodies need. बिफां प्र’टिनफोरा दाजाबदोरजानांगोन, जोंनि देहानि प्र’टिन खंसालिया नांगौखौ गोरोब होनो। Professor Dettwyler estimates, from anthropological data, that the natural age for weaning is between 4 and 6 years. प्रफेसार देथथ्वैलरा सुबुं देहा बिगियान देथा निफ्राय साननानाययो दि, आहार एंगारनायनि गुबै बैसोआ 4 आरो 6 बैसोनि गेजेराव। Professor Dettwyler lists the areas that have been studied so far, including: dental malocclusion, gastrointestinal disease, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, ear infections, childhood cancer and childhood diabetes. प्रफेसार देथथ्वैलरा दासिमाव जाय ओनसोलफोरा नायबिजिरजाबायखौ हिसाब होयो, लोगोसे: देनतेल मेल’कक्लुसन, गेसत्र’इनतेसथिनालबेराम, हरखाबबै गथ’थैनाय लोक्षोन, खोमा बेराम बारसलायनायफोर, उनजैसमनि केनसार आरोउनजैसमनि दायबिटिसफोर। Prolactin, sometimes known as the mothering hormone, has been shown to have a relaxing effect on the mother and to enhance the desire for contact with her baby. प्र’लेकटिन, अखमबा मादारइं हरमन होना मिनथिजायोआ बिमानाव गोजोननाय जाउन होयो होनना दिनदिजाबाय आरो गावनि खुदिआजों जगाजग खालामनायनि लुबैनायखौ बांहोयो। Raising a child on a vegan diet can be challenging in today's world of hot-dogs and ice cream, but parents should be assured that research is on their side. गथ’खौ मैगं-थाइगंआदारजोंनलफेदेरनाया दिनैनि हथ-द’गफोर आरो आइसख्रिमनि बुहुमावआ जुजिनाय जानो हागौ, नाथाय बिमाफोरा थार जानांगोन दि नायबिजिरनाया बिसोरनि थिंजै। Re-reading the book six years later, her message seems less radical. बिजाबखौ द’ बोसोरनि उनाव फरायफिननाया, बिनि रादाबाइसे गुबै नुजायो। Relying on carbohydrate foods such as pasta and bread to make up the bulk of children’s diet. गथ’फोरनि आदारनि बिबांखहाजानायखौ सुफुंनोकार्बहायद्रेत आदारफोराव सोनारो जेरै, पासता आरो पावरुति। Starting with the assumption that extended breastfeeding is satisfying for both mother and child, the author, Norma Jane Bumgarner writes of the security, confidence and self-esteem that we give our children when we allow them to nurse, and wean, according to their own schedule. सानना लानायजों जागायजेनो दि फोलावनाय आबु दौनाया सानैबो बिमा आरो गथ’नो गोजोंहोयो, लिरगिरि, न’रमा जेन बामगारनारा रैखाथि, फोथायथि आरो गाव-सनमाननि लिरो दि जों जोंनि गथ’फोरनो होयो जेब्ला जों बिसोरखौ आबु-दौनो, आरो आबु-एंगारनो गनायथि होयो,गावसिनि गावबागाव सम बायदि। Studies that have indicated that it is a dangerous choice have usually focused on a sub-population that had fed their children a dangerously low calorie diet (namely macrobiotic). जाय नायबिजिरनाया दिनथिबाय दि बेयो गिथाव सायख’नायादालाय-सुबुंनाव सरासनस्रायै गोसोहोबाय जाय गावसिनि गथ’फोरखौ गिथावयै गाहाय केल’रि आदार (मुंफारियै मेख्र’बाइअथिक) जाहोबाय। Supplementation may be necessary for children who are picky eaters, but most nutritional needs can be met through diet. फुराखालामग्रा मुवाया जाय गथ’फोरा खाइसित, बियोरनो गोनां जानो हागौ, नाथाय बांसिन निउत्रेसनेल नांगौआ आदारजों मोननो हागौ। The CDC and the FDA and the medical establishment, led by its specialty societies, discount or ignore this evidence – evidence that includes privately funded epidemiological studies. सिदिसि आरो एफदिए आरो देहाफामसालि गायसनथि, बेनि जुनिया गोनां समाजफोरजों दिनथिजानाया, बे फोरमानखौ गोनां-नङा एबा नेउसियो– फोरमान जाय सोरखारनङै फाण्डहोजानाय एपिडेमिअलजिक्ल नायबिजिरनायखौ सरजाबफायो। The disease was not seen in Europe until the 1950s, after thimerosal was added to vaccines used there. बेरामा 1950फोर सिम इउर’पाव नुजायाखैमोन, बैयाव बाहायनाय दिकाफोराव थिमारअसोल दाजाबदेरजानायनि उनाव। The Federal government’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for reasons not explained, have chosen to ignore this fact. सोरखारनि सेनटारस फ’र दिजिस कनत्रअल एनड प्रिभेनसन (सिदिसि) आरो फुद एनड द्राग एदमिनिसत्रेसन (एफदिए), मा जाहोनफोर निथाखाय बुजायाखैमोन नाथाय बे नोंगौखौ नेउसिनो सायखबाय। The first sign of mercury poisoning occurred four months later when her speech began to be slurred. पारा बिसजानायनि गिबि नेरसोना ब्रै दाननि उनाव जादोंमोन जेब्ला बिनि बिबुंथिआ बदनाम जाजेनबाय। The mercury vapor thus generated killed him quickly. पारानि खफ’आ बेबायदियै दिहुनजाबाय, थाबैनो बेखौ फोथैबाय। The most important element of a vegetarian babies diet is breast milk. ना-बेदर जायै खुदियाफोरनि बांसिन गोनां गुदिमुवा आदारा आबु गाइखेरा। The trend towards mothers working away from the home, the cult of the childrearing "expert", and the advice that a mother's own milk is less suitable for her baby than a scientific formula, have all contributed to the decline of extended breastfeeding. बिमाफोर न’निफ्राय गोजानाव मावनायनि थिंजै धाल जानायया, गथ’पिनायनि मोजांमोननाय“आखाफाखा”, आरो बोसोना बैनो, बिमानि गावनि गाइखेरा बैगियानिक फरमुलानिख्रुइ गावनि गथ’नि थाखाय खम आरजाथाव, गासिबो अब’दानहेदोंमोन फोलावनायआबु-दौनाय नेउसिनायखौ। The two other family members in the house at the time also died. मोनसे समावनो, न’आव सानै गुबुन नख’र सोद्रोमाफोराबो थैदोंमोन। There is growing evidence, however, that mercury in vaccines and amalgams cause both autism and Alzheimer’s disease. बैयाव बांनाय फोरमान दं, थेवबो, टिकाफोर आरो एमालगामफेराव थानाय बै पाराया मोननैबो ओथिजोम आरो आलजायमारनि बेरामखौ सोमजियो। There is increasingly strong evidence supporting extended breastfeeding. बेयाव गोबांयैगोख्रोंफोरमान दङ फोलावनाय आबुदौनायखौ सुंथानाय होनो। These agencies and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) focus exclusively on mercury in seafood, to the extent that the NIH will not fund studies that address mercury in amalgams and vaccines. बेफोर थानदैफोर आरो नेसनेल इनस्टिटिउट अफ हेलथा (एनआइऐस) सागर-आदारनि पारायाव गोबांयै गोसोहोयो, एसेबां दि एनआइऐसआ फरायनायाव दान होनाय नङा जाय पाराखौ एमालगामफोर आरो टिकाफोराव address? This injected organic form of mercury is readily taken up by brain and heart muscle cells. पारानि बे सुजानाय जैब दाथाया मेलेम आरो बिखा गेहेन जिख्रिफोरजों थाबै आजावजायो। This was followed by difficulty walking and loss of vision. She then fell into a coma and died. बेयो थाबायनो खसथ’ आरोनुनाय गोमानायजों उनहोसोजादोंमोन। बियो उनाव खमायाव गोग्लैदोंमोन आरो थैबाय। Those born in 1981 were given 135 micrograms of mercury (on average), and one case of autism occurred in every 2,600 children born that year. पारानि (गराव)135 मायख्र’ग्रामफोर जायफोर 1981आव जोनोम जादोंमोननो होजादों, आरो ओतिजोमनि मोनसे जाथाया बे बोसोराव साफ्रोमबो 2,600 गथफोर जोनोम जानायनाव जादोंमोन। Today, providers follow an immunization schedule, prepared by the CDC and approved by the AAP and AAFP, that includes 13 vaccines given, with variable numbers of booster shots, 33 times before a child reaches the age of 2 (when the development of the brain is completed). दिनै, जगायग्राफोरा सिदिसि जों बानायजानाय आरो एएपि आरो एएएफपि जों गनायथिजानायइमिउनायजेसन समफारिखौ बाहायो, जाय होजानाय 13 टिकाफोरखौ सरजाबो, गोहोबांहोग्रासुनायफोरनि ओनजिमाफोर, सासे गथ’आ 2(जेब्ला मेलेमनि देरनाया जोबहौयो) बोसोर सौहैनाय सिगां 33 खेब। Try to limit high fibre foods and be sure to include high calorie ones (bran muffin vs avocado). गोबां बेजेगोनां आदारखौ सिमा होनो सेसथा खालाम आरो गोबां बिदुंशक्ति बायदिखौ(बेन माफिन हेंथायै एभ’काद’) सोदेरनो थि जा। Unlike other metals, mercury, in its elemental state, is liquid (molten) at room temperature. गुबुन धातुफोर बायदि-नङाबोला, पाराया गावनि गुदि मुवा सोमोनदयैनि अबसतायाव,खथानि बिदुंआव दैब्रां (गलिनाय)। Vaccine makers add thimerosal (which is half ethyl mercury) to vaccines to prevent bacterial contamination. टिका बानायग्राफोरा टिकाफोरखौ बिजानुफोरजों गाज्रि खालामजानाय निफ्राय होबथानो थाखाय थिमार’सोल दाजाबो (बबेखावसेआ इथाय्ल पारा) Vegetarian moms have been found to have lower pesticide residues in their milk. ना-बेदर जायै बिमाफोरा बिसोरनि गाइखेराव इसेलसिन खहाखालामग्रा जिबजुनार बुथारग्रा थालांनाय दङ होना मोनजाबाय। Vitamin C foods greatly enhance iron absorption, so try to include one with each meal. भिटामिन D आदारफोरा आयरन सोबखांनानायाव गोबांयैनो बांहोयो, बिनिखायनो मोनफ्रोमबो खाजायाव मोनसे सोदेरफानो सेसथा खालाम। Vitamin D is not a worry when your child is exposed to sunshine. भिटामिन Dखौ जिंगासिनाङा जेब्ला नोंनि गथ’आ साननि बिदुंआव दिनथिजायो। Vitamins D and B12 may be the exception, and parents should ensure an optimal supply through fortified foods or supplements. भिटामिन D आरो B12आ एंगारनाय जानो हागौ, आरो बिमा-बिफाफोरा गोहो बारायग्रा आदारफोर एबा उफ्रा मुवाफोरनि गेजेरजों साबसिन जगार थार खालामनांगोन। Whether you're making a conscious decision to extend your nursing relationship or simply haven't felt the need to wean yet, you'll get support and information from your local Nursing Mothers Group. नों सांग्रां मिमांसा खालामनायाव नोंनि आहार-दौनाय सोमोनदोथिखौ फोलावनोनङाब्ला ओरैनो दासिमबो आहार जाहोनायखौ एंगारहोनो गोनां मोनदांथ’आखैमोन,नों नोंनि जायगानि नारसिं मादार्स ग्रुप निफ्राय हेफाजाब आरो खौरां मोनगोन। While breastfeeding is well accepted in our culture, with around 80% of babies starting out on the breast, rates drop off quickly, with 50% still feeding at 1 month and 24% at 6 months (Australian Bureau of Stastistics). जेब्ला जोंनि हारिमुआव आबु-दौनायया मोजांयै आजावजायो, सोरगिदिंयाव 80%खुदियाफोरा आबु निफ्राय जागायजेनो, थाबैनो निरिखा गोगलैयो, 50%आ 1मासावबो दौयो आरो 24%आ 6मासाव (असत्रेलियान बिउर’ अफ स्तेतिसतिक्स)। With proper planning and a bit of self-education, parents should feel confident in giving their child a diet free of animal products. मोजां बिथांखि आरो इसे गावारि-सोलोंथायजों, बिमा-बिफाफोरा गावसोरनि गथ’नो जुनारमुवाफोरनि उदांआदारखौ होनोयाव फोथायथि मोनदांनांगौ। With the addition of hepatitis B vaccine (injected on the day of birth) and one for Haemophilusinfluenzae Type b, providers injected 246 micrograms of mercury into children born in 1996. हेफाथायथिस B टिकानि उफ्राजों (उजिनाय साननाव बेजि सुजानाय) आरो हेम’फिलास इनफ्लुएनजा थाइप bनि मोनसे, जगायगाफ्रा 1996आव उजिनाय गथ’फोरनो पारानि 246 मायख्र’ग्राम बेजि सुदों। Vaccination is the greatest discovery of the 20th century. टिकाहोनाया 20थि जौथायनि देरसिन दिहुनथाय। This is the bare minimum the child should receive. बेनो जोबोद खमबाबो गथ’आ आजावनांगोन। A child can be given more than one immunization at a time गथ’आ मोनसे समाव मोनसे इमिउनायजेसन निख्रुइ बारा होजानो हागौ। These are part of the universal immunization programme of India. बेफोर भारतनि बुहुमनां इमिउनायजेसन हाबाफारिनि बाहागो। In a few places it is not possible to reach the baby at birth, for this the government has delayed the hepatitis B vaccine a little later to six weeks. खायसे जायगाफोराव, गथ’ जोनोमाव सौहैनो समबब नङा, बेनि थाखाय सरखारा हेफाथायथिस बि टिकाखौ इसे उनाव द सबथासिम फोलावबाय। Most of the vaccines are enumerated. बांसिन टिकाफोरा सानजाबाय। Hepatitis B, DPT, polio, measles - they are very cheap vaccines and the diseases they prevent are very dreadful. हेफाथायथिस बि, दिपिथि, पलिअ, फिसा-आइ,-बेफोर जोबोद खम-बेसेननि दिकाफोर आरो जाय बेरामफोरखौ बिसोरो होबथायोआ जोबोद गिथाव। So, it’s the most economical way of preventing diseases. बेनिखायनो, बेयो बेरामफोरखौ होबथानायनि बांसिन जखानि लामा। The cost of managing these diseases is very high and there is risk of death as well. बेफोर बेरामफोरखौ सामलायनि रांआ जोबोद बुरजा आरो बेयाव थैनायनिबो बिबान दं। You don't know how dreadful the disease is and by giving vaccination you can prevent them so easily. नों मिनथिया बे बेरामा बेसेबां गिथाव आरो नों बिसोरखौ एसेबां गोरलैयै होबथानो हायो टिका होनानै। People give excuses to delay for vaccination like they were very busy and couldn't spare time or the child was not well. मानसिफोरा टिकाहोनायाखौ दोनथ’नो बाहानाफोर होयो जेरै बिसोरो जोबोद बेसथ आरो सम दिहुनो हाया एबा गथ’आ देहा मोजां नङा। Here I would like to add that minor coughs and colds do not interact with the vaccination so you must take the vaccine. बेयाव आं दाजाब देरनो लुगैयो दि, इसे गुजुनायफोर आरो गगाफोरा टिकाहोनायजों मोगामोगि जाया, ओंखाइनो नों टिका लाथार नांगौ। Immediately after birth a few vaccines are required, like hepatitis B which is ideal to be given within the first 12 to 24 hours and now this hepatitis B vaccine is very effective in preventing hepatitis. जोनोमनि उनाव थाबैनो खायसे टिकाफोरा गोनां, जेरै हेफाथायथिस बि जायखौ गिबि 12 निफ्राय 24 घन्टानि गेजेराव होनागौआ साबसिन आरो बे हेफाथायथिस बि टिकाया हेफाथायथिसखौ होबथानायाव जोबोद जाउनगोनां। There should not be any excuse to delay the vaccination to child. गथ’नो टिकाहोनायखौ दोनथ’ बेयाव जिखुनुजा निमाहा-बिनाय थानङा। Most of the children do very well to vaccinations. बांसिन गथ’फोरा टिकाहोनाययाव जोबोद मोजां खालामो। The vaccines are very effective and they have minor side effects. टिकाफोरा जोबोद जाउनगोनां आरा बिसोरहा इसे मुलैनि गाज्रि फिनजाथाय दं। Indian government is involved in various vaccination programmes in rural India. भारतआरि सरकारा भारतनि गामियाव गुबुन-गुबुन टिकाहोनाय हाबाफारियाव बाहागो लाफायो। In DPT there can be fever, there can be little bit of pain and can be avoided by giving paracetamol. दिपिथिआव लोमजानाय थानो हागौ, इसे सानाय थानो हागौ आरो पेरेसताम’ल होनानै एंगारजानो हागौ। There are very minor side effects of vaccination. बेयाव टिकाहोनायनि जोबोद खम मुलैनि गाज्रि फिनजाथाय दं। You can go ahead and take this vaccine straight away and there is no need to repeat the whole series. नों थांग्रोनो हागोन आरो बे टिकाखौ थोंगोरै लानो हागोन आरो बेयाव गासैबो seriesखौ खालामफिननायनि गोनां नङा। Vaccines are not 100 percent full proof, for example, MMR, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio are very effective vaccines and the efficacy is supposed to be more than 90 percent. टिकाफोरा 100 जौखोनदो आबुं फोरमान नङा, जेरै एमएमआर, दिपथेरिया, पारथुसिस, थेतानाय, पलिअफोरा जोबोद जाउन गोनां टिकाफोर आरो गुना 90 जौखोनदोनिख्रुइ बांसिन जानांगौमोन। But vaccines are hugely effective and very good to health of any child. नाथाय टिकाफोरा गोबांयैनो जाउन गोनां आरो जोबोद मोजां जिखुनुजा गथ’नि देहानि थाखाय। MMR is a very necessary vaccine for a child. एमएमआरा गथ’निथाखाय जोबोद गोनां टिका। Through vaccination child can prevent the disease, which the mother may be a carrier for and is preventable. टिकाहोनायनि दारै गथ’आ बेरामखौ होबथानो हायो, जायखौ बिमाया लानो हागौ आरो होबथाथाव। MMR contains three antigens i.e. measles, mumps, rubella. एमएमआरा मोनथाम एनथिजेनफोर दं जेरै आइ, गालथाव-बुनाय, रुबेला। Both my children have been given the hepatitis B vaccine at birth and now my children are 6 and 11 years old. आंनि सानै गथ’फोरा उजिनायाव हेफाथायथिस बि टिका होखांजाखांबाय आरो दा आंनि गथ’फोरा 6 आरो 11 बोसोर। There is no need for a booster dose if a vaccine is given. बेयाव गोहो बारायग्रा फालि निथाखाय गोनां नङा जुदि टिकाया होजाबाय। If the child has received zero dose, one month dose and six months' dose then no booster dose is required. जुदि गथ’आ लाथिख’ फालि, से जान फालि आरो द दान मोनबाय हमबा गोहो बारायग्रा फालि नांगौ नङा। I have a month old baby. During birth he was given oral polio and next month we gave him DPT. Is it true that for DPT, meningitis and hepatitis B there is one vaccination? आंहा से दान बोसोर खुदिया दं। जोनोमाव बियो अरेल पलिअ होजादों आरो उननि दानाव जों बिनो दिपिथि होदों। बेयो नोंगौ नामा दि दिपिथि, मेनिंगाइथिस आरो हेफाथायथिस बिनि थाखाय, बेयाव मेनसे टिकाहोनाय दं। For DPT, hepatitis B and HIB a combination vaccine is available. दिपिथि, हेफाथायथिस बि आरो ओइसआइबिनि थाखाय मोनसे जरायनाय टिकाया मोनथाव। HIB vaccine is a combination of hepatitis A and hepatitis B and you may combine these vaccines. ओइसआइबि टिकाया हेफाथायथिस ए आरो हेफाथायथिस बिनि जरायनाय आरो नों बेसोर टिकाफोरखौ जरायनो हागोन। The MMR vaccine can be given after the age of 12 months as can also the chickenpox vaccine. एमएमआर टिकाया 12 दाननि बैसोनि उनावहोजानो हागौ जेरै लिनथि-बेरनाय टिकायाबो होजागोन। And MMR vaccine can be given together with a month's gap. आरो एमएमआर टिकाया लोगोसे होजागोन से दाननि थाद’नायाव। If the BCG nodule has formed it indicates yes, the vaccine was effective. जुदि बिसिजि गानथिया सोमजिबाय बेयो नोंगौ फोरमायो, होमबा टिकाया जाउनगोनां। The baby is immune for four to six months so it is very important that mother is vaccinated too, for example, we give tetanus toxoid to the mother. खुदियाया ब्रै निफ्राय द दामसिम निराफोद, बेनिखायनो बेयो जोबोद गोनां दि बिमायाबो टिकाहोजानाय, जेरै, जों बिमानो धनुस्टंकार-बेरामनि टक्सअइद होयो। There are other markers but they are very expensive so we go by this marker. बेयाव गुबुन मारखारफोर दं नाथाय बेसोरो जोबोद बेसेनगोसा बेनिखायनो जों बे मारखारजों थांगोन। If the child has received BCG vaccine and after four to six weeks the nodule has formed at the site of vaccination, it means the BCG vaccination has done its job. जुदि गथ’आ बिसिजि टिका मोनबाय आरो ब्रै निफ्राय द सबथानि उनाव गानथि सोमजिबाय टिकाहोनायनि जायगाआव, बेयो फोरमायो बिसिजि टिकाहोनाया गावनि हाबाखौ मावबाय। But if there is no nodule, we wait for three months and if still there is no nodule formation, we re-vaccinate. नाथाय जुदि बेयाव गानथि गैया, जों थाम दानसिम नेयो आरो जुदि बेयाव दासिमबो गानथि सोमजिनाय गौया, जों टिकाहोफिनो। If there is documented proof that the two boosters have been given and in between the child gets hurts there is no need for tetanus vaccination. जुदि बेयाव लिरखानाय फोरमान दं दि मोननै गोहो बारायग्राया होखांजाबाय आरो गेजेराव गथ’आ दुखु मोनो बेयाव, धनुस्टंकार –बेराम टिकाहोनायनि थाखाय गोनां नङा। The child cries after vaccination, particularly DPT, because this is one of the vaccines which can lead to a lot of crying and it is not sure that every time a child gets DPT he will cry. गथ’आ टिकाहोनायनि उनाव गाबो, थियै दिपिथि , मानोना बेयो टिकाफोरनि मोनसे जाय गोबां गाबनायाव दैदेनो हागौ आरो बेयो थार नङा दि मोनफ्रोमबो समाव गथ’आ दिपिथि मोनो बियो गाबगोन। Sometimes they may cry a lot and this is one of the side effects reported with DPT. माब्लाबा बिसोरो गोबां गाबनो हागौ आरो दिपिथिजों फोरमायजानाय बेयो मोनसे गाज्रि फिनजाथाय। You can accept this crying as a side effect of vaccines It is not dangerous. नों बे गाबनायखौ टिकानि गाज्रि फिनजाथाय हमनाला। बेयो गिनांगौ नङा। I have a three years old daughter. I have given her every vaccination except for chickenpox. आंहा थाम बोसोरनि फिसाजो दं। आं बिनो मोनफ्रोमबो टिकाहोनायखौ होखांबाय लिनथि-बेरनायनि अनगायै। One of my friends told me that there is no use of the chickenpox vaccination as it is ineffective after 10 years, and he told me even if I give the vaccination my child may get infected with chickenpox. आंनि सासे लोगोआ आंखौ बुंदोंमोन दि लिनथि-बेरनायनि टिकाहोनाया खामानिआव गैया मानोना बेयो 10 बोसोरनि उनाव जाउनगैया, आरो बियो आंखौ बुंदोंमोन जुदि आं टिकाहोनाय होयोब्लाबो आंनि गथ’आ लिनथि-बेरनायजों बारदेर जानो हागौ। Chickenpox is a very effective vaccine. लिनथि-बेरनाया जोबोद जाउनगोनां टिका। The reason is we want antibodies against tetanus so that these are then transferred from the mother to the baby and the baby is protected from neonatal tetanus. जुक्टिया जोंनो धनुस्टंकार-बेरामनि बेरेखायै दोहाहेंथाफोर नांगौ, जाहाथे बेफोर उनाव बिमानिफ्राय खुदियानाव बारस्लायो आरो खुदियाया उजिगोदान धनुस्टंकार-बेराम निफ्राय रैखाथिमोनो। The only thing is that it is a little expensive but you must give the vaccine. मोनसे बाथ्राया जादों दि बेयो इसे बेसेनगोसा नाथाय नों टिकाखौ होथार नांगौ। It is proven that chickenpox vaccine to be very effective for almost lifelong. बेयो फोरमानजादों दि लिनथि-बेरनाय टिकाया प्रायै थैजासिमाव जोबोद जाउनगोनां। Chickenpox vaccine avoids herpes zoster and those who can afford must take this vaccine. लिनथि-बेरनाया टिकाया हारपेस जसथारखौ एंगारो आरो बोसोर जाय बायनोहायो बे टिकाखौ लाथार नांगौ। There are prominent vaccinations for children between the ages of 10 to 15 in India. भारताव 10 निफ्राय 15 बैसोनि गेजेर गथ’फोरनि थाखाय बेयाव मुंदांखा टिकाहोनायफोर दं। Between the ages of 10 to 15 there is a tetanus vaccine which is given at 10 years and 15 to 16 years. 10 निफ्राय 15 बैसोनि गेजेराव बेयाव धनुस्टंकार-बेराम टिका दं जायखौ 10 बोसोर आरा 15 निफ्राय 16 बोसोराव होयो। If the child has not received the hepatitis B vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine and MMR vaccine then these are the vaccines, which one can receive between 10 to 15 years. जुदि गथ’आ हेफाथायथिस बि, हेफाथायथिस ए आरो एमएमआर टिका मोनाखै, होमबा बेफोरनो टिकाफोरा, जायखौ सासेआ 10 निफ्राय 15 बोसोर गेजेराव मोनगोन। There is a special vaccination required for a baby of NRI parents on their visit to India. बेयाव जुनिया टिकाहोनाय दं, एनआरआइ बिमा-बिफाफोरनि खुदियानो नांगौ बिसोर भारताव नायगिदिंनायाव। NRI babies are more prone to get water borne infections so they can take hepatitis A and typhoid vaccines before they start their journey. एनआरआइ खुदियाफोरा दै निफ्राय सोमजिग्रा सनदेरथिफोरखौ बांसिननै गाग्लोब जायो, बेनिखायनो बिसोरो गावसोरनि दावबायनायखौ जागायनायनि सिगां बिसोरो हेफाथायथिस ए आरो टाइफइड टिकाफोरखौ लानो हायो। If NRI babies are going to travel to those parts of India where Japanese encephalitis is present, they should also take Japanese encephalitis vaccine. जुदि एनआरआइ खुदियाफोरा भारतनि बैसोर बाहागोआव दावबायगोन जेराव जापानि एनसिफालायथिस दं, बिसोरबो जापानि एनसिफालायथिस टिकाखौ लानांगोन। Everybody wants to know about the new MMR vaccine and it is different from the older one. साफ्रोमबो, गोदान एमएमआरनि बारै मिथिनो लुगैयो आरो बेयो गोजाम निफ्राय जुदा। This lasts for about one or two months but this should not be an excuse to delay DPT vaccine, which contains tetanus. बेयो से एबा नै दानसिम जोरो नाथाय बेयो दिपिथि टिकाखौ दोनथ’नो मोनसे बाहाना जानो नाङा, जायहा तेतानास थायो। The new MMR vaccine is as effective as the earlier vaccine. गोदान एमएमआर टिकाया गिबि टिका बायदि जाउनगोनां। MMR is a little more costly as the company claims that it has lesser side effects. एमएमआर इसे बांसिन बेसेनगोसा मानोना फालांगियारि-आफादा दाबियो दि बेहा इसेलसिन गाज्रि फिनजाथाय दं। At the time of the birth my son he was given BCG vaccination on time, but no scar appeared and the same was repeated after three-four months but still no scar appeared. आंनि फिसालानि जोनोम समाव, बियो बिसिजि टिकाहोनायखौ थिक समाव होजादोंमोन, नाथाय दाग नुजायाखै आरो एखेआनो थाम-ब्रै दाननि उनाव खलामफिनजाबाय थेउबो दाग नुजायाखै। Protection from preventable diseases, disabilities and death through immunization is the birth right of every child. होबथाजाथाव बेरामफोर, लोरबांथिफोर आरो इमिउनायजेसननि गेजेरजों थैनाय निफ्राय रैखाथिआ साफ्रोमबो गथ’नि जोनोम मोनथाइ। Immunization is one of the most cost-effective of health care interventions. इमिउनायजेसना देहा जोथोन हेफाजाबहोनायाव मोनसे बांसिन बेसेन-जाउनगोनां। The Greek word "immune" means "to be protected". ग्रिक सोदोब “इमिउन”नि ओंथिआ “खैफोद गैयै”। There are two types of immunization namely active and passive. बेयाव मोननै रोखोमनि इमिउनायजेसन दं बायदि मुंयै एकतिब आरो पेसिब। When specific agents are introduced into the body so that it develops the needed protective response, it is called active immunization. जेब्ला थि थानदैफेरा देहायाव सोदेरजायो जाहाथे बेयो नांगौ रैखा-होग्रा फिनजाथायखौ जौगाहोयो, बेखौ एकतिब इमिउनायजेसन बुङो। In passive immunization, the protective agent itself is introduced into the body. पेसिब इमिउनायजेसनाव, रैखा-होग्रा थानदैआ गावखौनोगाव देहायाव सोदेरदों। Active immunization provides long-term protection against diseases. एकतिब इमिउनायजेसन बेरामफोरनि बेरेखायै गोबाव-सम रैखाथि जगाययो। Ones to be given at birth are BCG, oral polio vaccine and hepatitis B. जोनोमाव होनांगौ फोरा बिसिजि, अरेल पलिअ टिका आरो हेफाथायथिस बि। Passive immunization provides only short-term protection. पेसिब इमिउनायजेसना गुसुं-समनिल’ रैखाथि जगायो। Infectious agents induce disease and the defence mechanisms of the body react with immunity. सनदेरग्रा थानदैफोरा बेरामखौ जथाय-जाहोयो आरो देहानि होबथानाय देहानि बाहागोफोरखौ होबथा गोहोजों फिनजाथाय खालाम। First to ensure that the disease is overcome and secondly to develop protection from the disease if the same infective agent is encountered again. गिबियाव थि खालाम दि बेरामा फेजेनजायो आरो नैथियाव बेराम निफ्राय रैखाथिखौ जौगाहो जुदि एखे सनदेरथाव थानदैआ आरोबाव मोगामोगि जायोब्ला। A vaccine is composed of one or more inactivated parts of the infectious agent that induces a protective immune response without the risk of the disease itself. मोनसे टिकाया सनदेरग्रा थानदैफोरनि मोनसे एबा बांसिन सांग्रां-नङै बाहागोफोरजों दाजायो जाय बेरामनिनो खैफोद गैयालाबानो मोनसे रैखाथिगोनां हाबथानाय फिनजाथायखौ जाथाय जाहोयो। To be successful in their protective role, vaccines should be given before the age when the infection itself is likely to occur. गावसोरनि रैखाथिगोनां बिफावआव जाफुंसारनो, टिकाफोरखौ बैसोनि सिगांआव होनांगोन जेब्ला सनदेरथिया गावनोगाव नुजानो हागौ। In the case of tetanus, the disease cannot be prevented from occurring in the newborn baby. धनुस्टंकार-बेरामनि बेलायाव, बेरामा उजिगोदान खुदिया जानाय निफ्राय होबथा जानाय नङा। So the pregnant mother is immunized and the protective agents passively pass from the mother to the foetus, thereby protecting it. बिनिखायनो मोदोमगरलै बिमाया होबथाजायो आरो बिमा निफ्राय भ्रनाव रैखाथि थानदैफोरा दलरै ओंखारलाङो, बेनि दारै बेखौ रैखाथि होयो। The currently used childhood vaccines do not have any interference with one another, and can therefore be used simultaneously. दासानदि बाहायजानाय उनदैसमनि टिकाफोरहा गावजोंगाव जेबो हेंथा गैया, आरो बेनि थाखाय खनसेयैनो बाहायनो हायो। The Government of India adopted the Universal Immunization Programme in 1985. भारलनि सोरकारा 1985आव इउनिभारसोल इमिउनायजेसन प्रग्रेमखौ लाबाय। Universal Immunization Programme has been partly modified by the Indian Academy of Paediatrics, the official body of paediatricians, who look after the health needs of children. इउनिभारसोल इमिउनायजेसन प्रग्रेमनि माखासे बाहागोआ पेदिएत्रिकफोरनि इनदियान एकादेमिजों फोसाबजाबाय, पेदिएत्रिसिआनफोरनि मावख’ हानजा, जाय गथ’फोरनि देहायारि गोनांथिफोरखौ नाययो। Then at the age of six weeks' we need to give DPT with polio vaccine and hepatitis B; and then at six weeks, ten weeks and fourteen weeks. बेनि उनाव, द’सबथानि बैसोआव, जों पलिअ टिका आरो हेफाथायथिस बिजों दिपिथि होनांगौ, आरो बेनि उनाव द’सबथायाव, जि सबथायाव आरो जिब्रै सबथायाव। Vaccines are now available against many other diseases. टिकाफोरा दा मोननोहाथाव, गोबां गुबुन बेरामफोरनि बाराखयै। They do not form part of the Universal Immunization Programme. बिसोरो इउनिभारसोल इमिउनायजेसन प्रग्रेमनि बाहागोखौ दाया। The doctor is the best person to advise whether these vaccinations need to be taken or not. दाकटारानो बेफोर टिकाफोरखौ लानांगौ एबा लानांयैआव बोसोन होनाय साबसिन सुबुं। There is a, Haemophilus influenza B - HiB vaccine against bacterial meningitis. बेकथेरिएल मेनिनजाइटिसनि बेरेखायै बेयाव हेम’पिलास इनफ्लुएनजा बि –ओइसआइबि टिका दं। Pneumococcus vaccines are available against pneumonia. निउम’क’ककास टिकाफोरा निउम’निआनि बेरेखायै मोनथाव। Meningococcus is recommended vaccine against meningitis. मेनिनज’क’ककासा मेनिनजाइटिसनि बेरेखायै बोसोन होजानाय टिका। Vaccines may be given by mouth like polio and typhoid vaccines; by injection into the skin or muscles. टिकाफोरा खुगाजों हेजानो हागौ, जेरै पलिअ, आरो तायफ’इद टिकाफोर; बेजि जों बिगुर आरो मोदोमाव। The most commonly used site for injection is the outer aspect of the thighs. बेजिनि थाखाय बांसिन गले-गले जायगा बाहायजानाया फेनदानि बायजोआरि बिथिं। Injections into the buttocks or the arms should be avoided. थाफलिफोर एबा आखानथिफोराव बेजि थुनायखौ नागार नांगोन। Among the common adverse effects of various vaccines are: pain at the site of injection, low grade fever, mild rash and painful swelling of the local lymph glands ज’थाय मादाव, रोखोम रोखोम टिकाफोरनि सरासनस्रा उलथा जाउनफोरा: बेजि होनायनि जायगायाव सानाय, गाहाय थाखो लोमजानाय, इसे बिगुर दोलानाय आरो दाबसे लिमफ गानथिफोरनि सानायगोनां बुनाय। At the age of nine months we need to give the measles vaccine. गु दाननि बैसोआव जों लिनथि-बेरनायनि टिका हो नांगौ। Besides these effects that may occur with several vaccines, there are some specific adverse effects of vaccines. बेफोर जाउनजों लोगोसे, जाय गोबां टिकाफोरजों जायो, बेयाव टिकानि माखासे थि उलथा जाउन दं। Patients are advised to discuss these at length with their paediatrician before vaccination. जब्राफोरा टिका होनायनि सिगां गावसोरनि पेदिएत्रिसिआनजों गुवारै बेफोरखौ सावरायनो बिथोनहोजायो। It is unsafe to immunize a child who has a mild illness सासे गथ’खौ होबथा-मुलैहोनाया खैफोदगोनां, जायहा इसे लोमजानाय दं। A child with a minor illness can safely be immunized. सासे गथ इसे लोमजानाय गोनांआ खैफोद गैयाबोला immunize खालामनो हागोन। Children with other health problems may need to avoid certain vaccines or get them later than usual. गुबुन देहा जेंनाफोर गोनां गथ’फोर माखासे टिकाफोरखौ एंगार नांगोन एबा गले-गले निख्रुइ बेफोरखौ उनाव ला। Children with certain types of cancers or problems with their immune systems should not get live virus vaccines like the MMR, varicella (chicken pox), or oral polio vaccines. गथ’फोर जायहा माखासे बंस’फोरनि केनसार एबा गावसिनि खैफोद गैयै बिखानथिजों जेंनाफोर दं गोथां भाइरास टिकाफोर जेरै एमएमआर, भारिसिला (लिनथि-बेरनाय) एबा अरेल पलिअ टिकाफोरखौ लानांआ। For children who have fits, the pertussis (whooping cough) part of the DPT vaccine may need to be delayed. गथ’फोरनो जायहा फिट्स, पारतुसिस (खं खं गुजुनाय) दं, दिपिथि टिकानि बाहागोआ दोनथ’ नांगोन। The paediatrician should be consulted in case of doubt before vaccination. टिकाहोनायनि सिगां गोनो-गोथो दंब्ला पेदिएत्रिसिआनजों सावरायनांगोन। Vaccines used for routine childhood immunizations can be safely given together. मावफारि उनदैसम इमिउनायजेसनफोरनो बाहायजानाय टिकाफोरा निराफोदयै जयै होजायो। Side effects when multiple vaccines are given together are no greater than when each vaccine is given on separate occasions. मोनफ्रोमबो टिकाखौ गुबुन गुबुन समफोराव होनायनिख्रुइ गोबां टिकाफोरखौ जयै होनाय समाव गाज्रि फिनजाथायफोरा देरसिन जाया। Immunization is a way of protecting the human body against infectious diseases through vaccination. इमिउनायजेसना टिकाहोनायनि गेजेरजों सनदेरजाथाव बेरामफोरनि हेंथायै सुबं देहाखौ रैखाथि होनायनि मोनसे राहा। While it is the best to follow the ideal immunization schedule, on no account should the baby be denied vaccinations, even if she is brought late for them. जेब्ला बेयो साबसिन, बिदिनथि गोनां इमिउनायजेसन समनि फारिलाइखौ फालिनो, जाहोन गैयाब्लाबो खुदियाया टिकाफोर होनाय निफ्राय नेवसिजाया, जुदि बियो बिसोरनि थाखाय गोबावजों लाबोजादोंब्लाबो। In addition to this campaign, conferences can be organized to effectively receive the increased demand for the measles vaccination. बे फोसावदिंनायनि अनगायै आफादफोरा लिनथि बेरनायनि टिकानि थाखाय जौगानाय दाबिनायखौ जाउनगोनांयै मोननो थाखाय, गौथुम दाजायो। But every attempt must be made to complete full immunization, before the age of 1 year. नाथाय मोनफ्रोमबो नाजानाया 1 बोसोर बैसोनि सिगां फुरा इमिउनायजेसना फोजोबजानांगोन। My friend's baby, who was given the B.C.G. injection about two months ago, has developed a small blister at the site of injection. आंनि लोगोनि खुदियाया, जाय नै दान सिगांआव बि.सि.जि बेजि होजादोंमोनहा बेजि होनायनि जायगायाव फिसा दोलाबनाय जाजेनबाय। Please reassure your friend that there is no cause for worry. अननानै नोंनि लोगोखौ फोथायहोफिन दि बेयाव गिनांनायनि जेबो जाहोन गैया। There is a normal reaction after the B.C.G. injection. बि.सि.जि. बेजिनि उनाव बेयाव सरासनस्रा फिनजाथाय दं। About 4 to 6 weeks after B.C.G. injection a small lump called a papule appears at the injection which may later break, giving out a whitish discharge. बि.सि.जि. बेजिहोनायनि उनाव सफथा ख’नब्रै निफ्राय द’सफथायाव, पापुल होनजानाय मोनसे फिसा बेदरा बेजियाव नुजायो, जाय उनाव बेरफुनो हागौ, गुफुरहां हगारहरनाय होगोन। This will heal in about 10 to 12 weeks after the injection has been given and will leave a scar. बेयो बेजि हानायनि उनाव 10 निफ्राय 12 सफथायाव हामगोन आरो दाग गालांगोन। Only if the discharge continues without the wound drying up, should the doctor be consulted. गाराय रानालाबानो जुदि दैस्रं मुवा गबायथायोब्ला, फाहामगिरिजों बोसोन लानांगोन। There are few side effects of vaccinations against children. बेयाव गथ’फोरनि हेंथायै टिकाहोनायनि इसे मुलैनि गाज्रि फिनजाथाय दं। Only very few infants and children develop side effects after a vaccination. जोबोद इसे खुदियाफोर आरो गथ’फोराल’ टिका होनायनि उनाव मुलैनि गाज्रि फिनजाथाय जौगाहोयो। Immunization prepares our bodies to fight against diseases in case we come into contact with them in the future. इमिउनायजेसना जोंनि देहाफोरखौ बेरामफोरनि बेरेखायै बुलायनो थियारि खालामो जुदि जों उनाव बेसोरजों समना-समनि(जगाजग) जायो। After the D.P.T. injection, the infant may have pain at the site of the injection and may even develop fever. दि.पि.थि. बेजिनि उनाव, खुदियाहा बेजि थुनाय जायगायाव सानो हागौ आरो लोमजानायबो जानो हागौ। In that case the baby may be given 1/2 a table or 1/2 a tsp. of paracetamol. बे बायदियाव खुदियानो पेरेसताम’लनि ½ सामुस गिदिर एबा ½ सामुस फिसा होजागोन। After the measles injection, measles like rashes may appear. फिसा-आइ बेजिनि उनाव, फिसा-आइ बायदि सख्ला खानाय नुजानो हागौ। Very rarely, children can have allergic reactions straight after immunization. जोबोद खमै, सिदा इमिउनायजेसननि उनाव गथ’फोरहा मानलुनाय फिनजाथायफोर जानो हागौ। Also if the baby develops high fever or loses consciousness, a doctor should be consulted immediately. आरोबाव जुदि खुदियानि लोमजानाया जोबोद बांङोब्ला एबा मोनदांनो-हानाया गोमायो, दाकटारजों थाबैनो सावराय। People giving immunizations are trained to deal with allergic reactions and if the child is treated quickly, he or she will recover fully. इमिउनायजेसनफोर होग्राफोर सुबुंफोरा मानलुनाय फिनजाथायफोरजों नो फोरोंजादों आरो जुदि खुदियाया थाबनो नायजायोब्ला, बेयो हामगोन। Sometimes it is not possible to take the baby for the second and third vaccinations after precisely a month. माब्लाबा खुदियाखौ नैथि आरो थामथि टिकानि थाखाय लांनो बेयो जाथाव नङा फ्रायै से दाननि उनाव। Continue the vaccinations as per the schedule and complete the course as soon as possible. समनि फारिलाइ बायदि टिका होनायखौ सोलिबाय था आरो एसिनो थाब हायो फालिथायखौ फोजोब। The child will be fully protected only after she has received 1 B.C.G. injection. खुदियाया फुरा रैखा होजागोन बियो खुनसे बि.सि.जि. बेजि लानायनि उनावसो। 3 D.P.T. injections, 3 O.P.V. doses and 1 measles injection. मोनथाम दि.पि.ति. बेजि, मोनथाम फालि आरो मोनसे फिसा-आइ बेजि। Babies are born with some natural immunity which they get from their mother and through breast-feeding. खुदियाफोरा माखासे मिथिंगियारि होबथागोहो जायखौ बिसोरो गावसिनि आहार दौनायनि गेजेरजों आरो बिमा निफ्राय मोनो। Hence it is very important to take the baby for the vaccination at the correct time and to make sure that all the vaccinations are given. बेनिखायनो बेयो जोबोद गोनां खुदियाखौ थि समाव टिका होनायनि थाखाय लांनो आरो थि खालामनो दि गासैबो टिकाफोरा होजाबाय। There are very few reasons why a child should not be immunized. बेयाव जोबोद इसे जाहोनफोर दं मानो गथ’आ खैफोद-गैयै खालामजनङा। Ordinarily common illnesses like a cold or a diarrhea are not impediments against getting your child vaccinated. गुबुन रोखोमनि सरासनस्रा लोमजानायफोर जेरै ग’गा एबा खिस्रायनायफोरा हेंथा नङा नोंनि गथ’नि टिका होनायनि बेरेखायै। There are certain situations though, where you must let your healthcare provider know of your child’s conditions. बेयाव माखासे अबस्था दंब्लाबो, जेराव नों नोंनि देहा-जोथोन होग्राखौ नोंनि गथ’नि थासारिखौ मिथि होनांगोन। We know that vaccines are safe for our children to avoid them illness. जों मिथिगौ दि टिकाफोरा जोंनि खुदियानि थाखाय खैफद गैयै बिसोरखौ लोमजानाय निफ्राय एंगारहोनो। Vaccines like all other medicines undergo extensive and rigorous tests regarding their safety. गुबुन गासै मुलैफोर बायदि टिकाफोरा बिसोरनि रैखाथिनि थाखाय गुवार आरो गोब्राब आनजादफोरखौ सहायो। Only after they have been found to be safe that they are introduced for general vaccination programs. बिसोरखौ रैखाथि मोनायनि उनावसो बिसोरखौ सरासनस्रा टिका हाबाफारिफोराव थिसननाय जायो। Each vaccine is continually checked even after it has been introduced and action is taken if it is needed. मोनफ्रोमबो टिकाखौ होखांनायनि उनावबो आनजाद नायफिनबायथानाय जायो आरो गोनांथि जायोब्ला खामानिखौ लानाय जायो। If a vaccine is not safe for children and adults, it is not used. जुदि टिकाया गथ’फोर आरो गिदिरफोरनि थाखाय रैखाथि नङा, बेयो बाहायजाया। With a host of new vaccines now available, vaccination is no more the simple decision that it once was. दा थोजासे गोदान टिकानि गोबां बिबांजों, टिकाहोनाया गोदोनि बायदि गोरलै थिरांथा नङला। This gradually wears off as the baby's own immune system starts to develop. बेयो लासैयैनो गोमालाङो मानोना खुदियानि गावनि होबथा बिखानथिया जौगानो जागायो। If you’ve been part of the animated discussions at schools and playgrounds about whether to give your child a particular shot or not you’ll know exactly what I mean. नोंनि गथ’नो थि बेजि होनांगौ एबा होनांङैनि सोमोनदै फरायसालिफोर आरो गेलेग्रा फोथारफोराव रंजालु सावरायनायनि जुदि नों बाहागोमोन, नों आंनि ओंथिखौ नों थारैनो मिथिगोन। Conflicting advice from peers, elders in the family and aggressive television notices doesn’t help. समरा समरि, न’खरनि गिदिरफोर आरो गिलुबालु थि.भि मिथिसार निफ्राय बेलेबेजे बिथोना हेफाजाब होआ। What complicates matters further is when pediatricians have diverse views. बाथ्राफोरखौ माया बांसिन बेलेबेजे खालामोआ जेब्ला खुदिया देहा-फाहामगिरिफोरहा गुबुन-गुबुन बिबुंथिफोर थायो। Doctors have different opinions and finally it’s up to mothers to decide whether or not to give the extra shots. फाहामगिरिफोरहा गुबुन-गुबुन बिबुंथिफोर थायो आरो जोबनायाव उफेरा बेजिखौ होनांगौ ना होनाङा थिरांथा खालामनाया, बेयो बिमोफोरनि सायाव। It’s tough for parents to make these decisions and then follow through diligently, especially if they have several children, move frequently, change doctors, or are on a limited budget. बिमा-बिफाफोरनि थाखाय बेफोर थिरांथाफोरखौ बानायनो आरो उनाव मावथियै फालिनो गोब्राब, गुबैयै जुदि बिसोरहा गोबां गथ’फोर थायो, गले-गलेयै दोरोदो, फाहामगिरिफोर सोलायो, एबा खम रां थायो। First and foremost, it’s important to recognize that vaccines are good and most of them provide life-long immunity. गिबिथाराव, बेखौ सिनायथिनो गोनां दि टिकाफोरा मोजां आरो बेफोरनि बांसिनानो थैजासे होबथागोहो जगायो। A vaccine has to be judged on whether it’s safe and effective, and those available are good, otherwise they wouldn’t be marketed. टिकाया रैखाथि आरो जाउन-गोनां, आरो जायफोर दंआ मोजां नोंगौ ना नङानि सायाव बिजिरजानांगोन, नङाब्ला बेसोरो फानजानाय नङा। In spite of this, vaccines have been unintentionally placed into different categories. बेनि अनगायै, टिकाफोरा गुबुन-गुबुन बाहागोफोराव थांखिगैयाब्ला दोनजाबाय। The Indian Academy of Pediatrics advocates more four more vaccines that those in the National Immunization Schedule and the Academy itself has placed two more under the category of ‘additional’ vaccines. पेदिएत्रिसनि इनदियान एकेदेमिया नेसनेल इमिउनायजेसना सेदिउलाव थानाय मोनब्रैबाव टिकाफोरखौ जुखथि होसिनबावो, आरो एकेदेमिआ गावनोगाव ‘उफेरा’ टिकाफोरनि बाहागो सिंआव मोननैबाव दोनबाय। Once we know why a vaccine falls into a particular category its easier to make the decision whether to take it or not. जेब्ला जों मिथियो, मानो टिकाया मोनसे थि बाहागोआव गोग्लैयो, बेयो थिरांथा लानो ना लाया खालामनो गरलैसिन। Having your child immunized gives extra protection against illnesses which can kill. नोंनि गथ’खौ होबथागोहो होहोयोब्ला लोमजानायफोरनि बेरेखा जाय फोथैनो हागौ निफ्राय उफ्रा रैखाथि होयो। The National Immunization Schedule makes BCG (prevents tuberculosis), OPV (prevents Polio), DPT (prevents Pertussis, Diphtheria and Tetanus) and the Measles vaccines mandatory. नेसनेल इमिउनायजेसना सेदिउला बिसिजि (तिउबारकुलसिस होबथाग्रा), अपिभि (पलिअ होबथाग्रा), दिपिथि (पारतुसिस, दिपतेरिआ आरो धनुस्टंकार-बेराम होबथाग्रा) आरो फिसा आयनि टिकाफोरखौ गोनांथार बानायो। All these are serious diseases except for Measles, but children with Measles can develop complications like bronchitis. फिसा आयनि अनगायै बेसोर गासैबोआ गिथाव बेरामफोर नाथाय फिसा आय गोनां गथ’फोरा ब्रंकाइतिच बायदि गालाय-गुजायखौ जौगाहोनो हागौ। These vaccines are inexpensive and are given free of cost by the government. बेफोर टिकाफोरा बेसेन-खम आरो सोरखारजों रां लायाबालानो होजायो। While the Indian Academy of Pediatrics fully supports the National Immunization Schedule, it acknowledges that it ‘provides for only the basic minimum immunization needs of Indian children’. जेब्ला पेदिएत्रिसनि इनदियान एकेदेमिया नेसनेल इमिउनायजेसन सेदिउलखौ आबुंयै सुंथायो, बेयो गनायथियो दि बेयो ‘भारतआरि गथ’फोरनि गुदि खमसिन इमिउनायजेसन गोनांथिफोरखौल’ जगायो’। The government can afford certain vaccines at this period of time and individuals can afford the other vaccines. बे समाव सोरखारा माखासे टिकाफोरखौ होनो हायो आरो गुबुन टिकाफोरखौ सुबुंफोरा बायनो हायो। However, affordability can become an even larger issue if the parents feel that a vaccine is not mandatory. जिखिजाया, खरसखालामनोहानायाबो देरसिन सावरायथाव जानो हागौ जुदि बिमा-बिफाफोरा सानो दि टिकारा गोनांथार नङा। Cost is a large contributory factor towards resistance to vaccines. टिकाफोरनि थिंजै हेंथानि गोबां बिहोमायारि जाहोना बेसेन। Another problem – the fear of the needle – is also a key factor. गुबुन जेंना – बेजिनि गिनायाबो गिबि जाहोन। Combine these two factors with parental lethargy and lack of exigency and vaccination dates are missed or avoided altogether. बेफोर मोननै जाहोनखौ बिमा-बिफायारि अलसिया आरो हाखु-दाखुनि आंखालजों ज’खालाम आरो टिकाहोनायनि खालारफोरा बारलांजायो एबा जयै एंगारजायो। Hepatitis B shots (three injections in all) are considered a must by pediatricians as Hepatitis B is a dreaded liver disease, more infectious than HIV. हेफाथायथिस बि बेजिफोरा (जयै गंथाम) खुदिया-फाहामगिरिफोरजों नांथारगौ सानजायो मानोना हेफाथायथिस बिआ गिथावथाव बिखा(लिभार) बेराम, ओइसआइभिनि ख्रुइ बांसिन सनदेरथाव। The schedule recommends that that the vaccinations should start when the baby is 1 1/2 months old. समनि फारिलाइआ बोसोनहोयो दि जेब्ला खुदियाया 11/2 बोसोर जायो टिकाहोनायफोरा जागाय नांगौ। MMR is also strongly recommended, includes the Mumps and Rubella vaccine, in addition to Measles. एमएमआराबो गोख्रोंयै बोसोनहोजायो, फिसा आयनि लोगोसे, गालथाव-बुनाय आरो रुबेला टिकाफोर थाफादेरयो। Rubella is a dreaded disease for pregnant women as it can damage the fetus. रुबेलाया मोदोमगोरलै हिनजावफोरनि थाखाय गिथावथाव बेराम मानोना बेयो fetusखौ गाज्रि खालामनो हागौ। Typhoid, endemic water borne disease can be treated, but if it’s contracted by the child during examinations, it can turn into a parents’ worst nightmare. टाइफइड, दै निफ्राय जाग्रा बेरामा सिखितसा खालामजायो, नाथाय जुदि बेयो आनजाद समाव गथ’जों ज’जायोब्ला, बेयो बिमा-बिफाफोरखौ गाज्रिसिन गिलु-बालु-सिमांआव सोलायनो हागौ। The vaccination process is pretty simple - a single injection. टिकाहोनायनि फारिखानथिआ जोबोद गरलै- गंसे बेजि। An oral typhoid vaccine is also available, although several doses are needed. मोनसे अरेल टाइफइड टिकायाबो दंआ, जदिअबो गोबां फालिफोरखौ नांगौ। The disadvantage is that the typhoid vaccine has to be repeated every three years and parents often balk at this. खाबुगैयैआ जादों टाइफइडा टिकाफोरा थाम बोसोरफ्रोमबोनि उनाव होफिननांगौ आरो बिमा-बिफाफोरा बेखौ लानानै गले-गले गोनो गोथो जायो। My doctor says that as we aren’t in the high risk group, we can give it when the child is in the 9th as it protects the child during the 10th and 12th. आंनि फाहामगिरि बुंदों दि जेरै जों गोजोउ खैफोद थाखोआव गैया, जों बेखौ जब्ला गथ’आ 9 जानायाव होजागोन मानोना बेयो गथ’खौ 10 आरो 12आव रैखाथि होयो। The Hib vaccine kills the pathogens causing meningitis and pneumonia in infants and small children. ओइसआइभि टिकाफोरा पेथ’जेनफोरखौ सिथारो आरो उनदै गथ’फोर आरो थुदियाफोरनाव मेनिनजाइथिस आरो निम’निआ जाहोयो। The Hib disease is age dependent and has to be given before the age of five years, not later. ओइसआइभि बेरामा बैसोआव सोनारो आरो बा बोसोर बैसोनि सिगांआव होनांगोन, उनाव नङा। The ‘additional’ vaccines recommended by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics are for Hepatitis A and Chicken Pox. पेदिएत्रिसनि इनदियान एकेदेमिजों बोसोनहोजानाय ‘उफेरा’ टिराफोरा हेफाथायथिस ए आरो लोनथि बेरामनि थाखाय। But what should be done if the baby is brought late for vaccinations? नाथाय मा खालामलनांगोन जुदि टिकाहोनायनि थाखाय खुदियायाखौ गोबावयै लाबोयोब्ला। However the severity of the diseases increases with age and many pediatricians insist on vaccination for teens. अब्लाबो बैसो जों बेरामनि सहायनोहायैआ बारायो आरो गोबां खुदिया फाहामगिरिफोरा लायमोनफोरनो टिकाहोनायखौ नारसिनो। The issue of seasonality of vaccines is relevant in the case of vaccines which offer short-term protection like Typhoid or influenza vaccines. बोथोरारि टिकाफोरनि आयदाया टिकाफोरनि बेलायाव लोबबा दं जाय इसे समनि रैखैथि होयो जेरै टाइफइड एबा गहा टिकाफोर। Typhoid is common in summer and the monsoons, and it’s useful to give it before the start of the ‘season’. टाइफइडा गोलोमबोथोर आरो दैजलांआव जाफ्लेबायथायो, आरो बेखौ बोथोर जाजेननायनि सिगां होनाया गोनां। The influenza vaccine is not easily available in India. गगा टिकाया भारनाव गोरलैयै मोननो थांआ। Influenza vaccine changes from year to year, depending on the changing viruses and many doctors doubt it’s efficacy, as it depends on whether the anti-bodies against the prevalent strain have been used in it’s manufacture. गगा टिकाया बोसोरे सोलायो, भाइरासफोरनि सोलायनायनि सायाव सोनारनानै आरो गोबां फाहामगिरिफोरा बेनि गोनांथिखौ सन्देह खालामो, मानोना बेयो, देहा होबथाफोरा (antibodies) सोलोबायथानाय गोहोनि बेरेखायै बेनि दिहुनथायाव बाहायजादोंल ना बाहायजायाखैयाव सोनारो। More than anything, vaccines should be given in time, before the age at which the infection is anticipated. जिखुनुजानि ख्रुइ बांसिन, टिकाफोरा बैसोनि सिगां, समाव होजानांगौ, जेराव सनदेरनाया मोनदांजाखानाय। Cost should not matter for the educated and affluent as most of these vaccines cost a few hundred rupees or less (except for the chickenpox vaccine which costs Rs. 1500/-), and are all very safe, with hardly any side-effects. बेसेना सोलोंथाय-गोनां आरो माहाजेनफोरनि थाखाय खेरखेरायनो नङा, मानोना बेफोर टिकाफोरनि बेसेना माखासे सेजौ रांफोर एबा खम (लोनथि टिकानि अनगायै जायनि बेसेना 1500/- रां), आरो गासैबो जोबोद रैखाथि गोनां, जेबो गाज्रि-फिनजाथाय गैयालाबानो। Side-effects of vaccines are usually temporary, and rarely do they cause a severe reaction. टिकाफोरनि गाज्रि-फिनजाथायफोरा सरासनस्रायै थिनङा, आरो माब्लाबा बिसोरो सहायनोहायै फिनजाथाय जाहोयो। If by chance your child misses a dose, don’t worry. जुदि बोरैबा नोंनि गथ’आ मोनसे फालि, बावबाय, सिनथा दाजा। It makes no difference if the shot is given late and if by mistake a dose is repeated as there is no evidence that this is harmful. बेयो जेबो फाराग खालामा जुदि बेजिया गोबावयै होजाबाय आरो जुदि गोरोनथियै फालिया होफिनजाबाय मानोना बेयाव जेबो फोरमान गैया दि बेयो खहागोनां। Baby is brought late for vaccinations should vaccination still be started. खुदियाया टिकाहोनायनि थाखाय गोबावजों लाबोदों, टिकाहोनाया दाबो जगायजागोन नामा। If you can afford a particular vaccine, take it, after consultation with your doctor. जुदि नों थि टिकाखौ बायनो हायोब्ला, नोंनि फाहामगिरिजों सावरायनायनि उनाव, बेखौ ला। Because of the strong relationship between measles and serious diarrhoea, and the effectiveness of measles vaccine, immunization against measles is a very cost-effective measure for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with diarrhoea. आय आरो गोब्राब खिसावनायनि गेजेराव गोख्रों सोमोनदोनि थाखाय आरो आय टिकानि जाउनगोनां, इमिउनायजेसन आयनि बेरेखायै जोबोद जाउनगोनां-बेसेन लोमजानाय आरो खिसाबनायजों थैनायखौ खमायनायनि थाखाय राहा। Measles vaccine given at the recommended age can prevent up to 25% of diarrhoea-associated deaths in children under 5 years of age. बोसोनहोजानाय बैसोआव आय टिका होबा, 5 बोसोर बैसोनि सिंनि गथ’फोर, खिसावनाय–सोमोनदोयै थैनाया 25%आ होबथाजागौमोन। However, in India, there are still _____ percent of children who are not immunized against measles. अब्लाबो, भारताव, बेयाव दाबो गथ’फोरनि ____ जौखोनदो दं जाय आयनि बेरेखायै होबथा-मुलै होजायाखै। A team of researchers will investigate the key points related to why many children are not receiving a measles immunization within the first year of their life. मोनसे निबिजिरगिरिफोरनि हानजाया मोनो गोबां गथ’फोरा बिसोरनि जिउनि गिबि बोसोरनि गेजेराव आयनि इमिउनायजेसनखौ मोनाखैजों लोबबा गोनां गाहाय बाथ्राखौ नायदिंगोन । There is an adequate supply of the measles vaccination for all children within their first year of life in the state of Maharashtra. बेयाव महारासत्रनि हादोरसायाव गासैबो गथ’फोर जाय बिसोरनि जिउनि गिबि बोसोरनि थाखाय आय टिकानि थोजासे जगायनाय दं। the necessary coordination occurring within the health delivery system to provide the vaccination to children within the first year of their life देहा रैखा फारिखानथि सिंआव नुजानाय, गोनां आफाद (गोरोबनाय) गथ’फोरनो बिसोरनि जिउनि गिबि बोसोरनि सिंआव टिकाहोनायखौ जगायनो। Health care providers are aware of the importance and necessity of a measles vaccination to all children to reduce child mortality, and the importance of receiving this immunization within the first year of a child's life देहा जोथोन होग्राफोरा गथ’ थैनायखौ खमायनो, गासै गथ’फोरनो आय टिकाहोनायनि गोनां आरो गोनांथि, आरो सासे गथ’नि गिबि बोसोरनि गेजेराव बे इमिउनायजेसनखौ नाजावनायनि गोनांथिनि सायाव सांग्रां। Mothers are aware of the importance and necessity of a measles vaccination to all children within their first year of life. बिमाफोरा गासैबो गथ’फोरनो बिसोरनि जिउनि गिबि बोसोरनि गेजेराव आय टिकाहोनायनि गोनां आरो गोनांथिखौ सांग्रां जायो। Through a multi-tiered investigation of why all children are not receiving a measles immunization within the first year of their life, a program will be designed to provide the vaccination to children. गोबां-थाइआर गोनां नाबिजिरनायनि गेजेरजों मानो गासैबो गथ’फोरा आयनि इमिउनायजेसन मोनाखै बिसोरनि जिउनि गिबि बोसोरनि गेजेराव, मोनसे हाबाफारि गथ’फोरनो टिकाहोनायखौ जगायनो थांखि लाजागोन। Even if the baby is brought late for vaccinations, she should still receive all the vaccinations. जुदि खुदियाया टिकाहोनायनि थाखाय गोबावजों लाबोजादोंब्लाबो, बेयो गासैबो टिकाफोरखौ मोनांगोन। The program aim will be to provide 100 % immunization coverage against measles to children within their first year of life. हाबाफारि थांखिया गथ’फोरनो बिसोरनि जिउनि गिबि बोसोरनि गेजेराव आयनि बेरेखायै 100% इमिउनायजेसन सामलायनाय जगायनाय जानांगोन Health workers will play a crucial role in the anticipated social marketing of measles immunization for child survival. देहा मावथिफोरा गथ’ थांनाथानायनि थाखाय आय इमिउनायजेसननि आसाखालामजाथाव समाजआरि फोसावदिंनायाव मोनसे गोनां बिफाव मावगोन। The health workers will serve as the "sales force" to sell the knowledge and importance of a measles vaccination within the first year of a child's life to mothers. देहा मावथिफोरा "फानग्रा हानजा" बायदि आय टिकानि मिथानाय आरो गोनांथिखौ फाननो मावना होयो, गथ’नि जिउनि गिबि बोसोरनि गेजेराव। In order to do this, they must be fully educated about the product they are promoting--its benefits and costs--and be sensitive to the concerns of mothers. बेखौ खालामनो, बिसोरो फुरायै सोलोंथाय मोननांगोन दिहुनथायनि सोमोनदै जायखौ बिसोरो फोसावगासिनोदं- बेनि मुलामफा आरो बेसेन—आरो बिमाफोरनि साननायखौ थदगोनां जानांगोन। The knowledge gained from the investigation about why (how many) children are not currently being immunized against measles within their first year of life will be analyzed and applied to design a program increasing vaccination coverage. गथ’फोरा गावसोरनि जिउनि गिबि बोसोरनि गेजेराव आयनि हेंथायै मानो (बेसेबां) दासानदि खैफोद-गैयै खालामजायाखैनि सोमोनदै नायबिजिरनाय निफ्राय मोननमाय रोंगौथिआ नायबिजिरजागोन आरो टिकाहोनाय बांनाय हाबाफारिखौ महर दानो बाहायजादोंमोन। This program will include a campaign that promotes a single day of the week for free measles vaccinations. बे हाबाफारिया केम्पेनखौ सोदेरफागोन जाय सफथानि सानसेखौ उदां आय टिकाहोनायनि थाखाय दावगाहोगोन। Through demand creation activities such as TV and radio broadcasts, and print materials, mothers will be informed about the special opportunity on a designated day of the week for a free measles vaccination. सोरजिनाय हाबा दाबिनायनि गेजेरजों जेरै तिभि आरो रेडि’ हाबाफारिफोर, आरो साफायनाय मुवाफोर, जुनिया खाबुनि सोमोनदै सायख’जानाय सानाव उदां आय टिकाहोनायनि थाखाय बिमाफोरा फोरमायजागोन। This tactical information will be combined with a thematic message about the danger of measles. आयनि खैफोद सोमोनदै बे आदबारि खौरांआ थिमेथिक रादाबजों ज’जागोन। As part of this program, extended hours of local health centers will be advertised. बे हाबाफारिनि बाहागो बायदि, जायगानि देहा मिरुफोरा फोलावजानाय गनटाफोरा फोसावजागोन। Focusing a mother's attention on a specific day will encourage her to think about her child's immunization status and take action. थि सानाव बिमानि गोसोहोनायखौ नोजोरहोनाया बिनि गथ’नि इमिउनायजेसन मानथाखोनि सोमोनदै साननो आरो खामानि लानो बिखौ थुलुंगा होगोन। Generally, live-virus vaccines are contraindicated for pregnant women because of the theoretical risk of transmission of the vaccine virus to the fetus. सरासनस्रा, गोथां- भाइरास टिकाफोरा मोदोम गरलै हिनजावफोरनि थाखाय contraindicated भ्रननो (गोरबोआव थानाय फिसानो) टिका भाइरासनि दैथाय हरनायनि बुंफुरलु सोमोनदै खैफदनि थाखाय। MMR and its component vaccines should not be administered to women known to be pregnant. एमएमआर आरो बेजों थाफानाय टिकाफोरा मोदोमगोरलै होनना मिथिजानाय हिनजावफोरनो होनो नङा। Thimerosal is a preservative, so it's used in vaccines that are stored in vials (containers) that have more than one dose. तिमार’सला मोनसे मोजाङै थाहोग्रा बेनि थाखाय बेखौ टिकाफोराव बाहायो जायफोरा बथलयाव (थोमा) दोनजाबाय जायहा मोनसेनि बारा फालि दं। Although no adverse effects of OPV or IPV have been documented among pregnant women or their fetuses, vaccination of pregnant women should be avoided. जुदिअबो मोदोमगोरलै हिनजावफोर एबा बिसोरनि भ्रनफोरनि गेजेराव अपिभि एबा आइपिभिनि उलथा जाउना फोरमानहोजायाखैमोन, मोदोमगोरलै हिनजाउफोरनि टिका होनायखौ एंगारनांगोन। MMR and its component vaccines should not be administered to women known to be pregnant. एमएमआर आरो बेजों थाफानाय टिकाफोरा मोदोमगोरलै होनना मिथिजानाय हिनजावनो होजाया। Although no evidence exists that tetanus and diphtheria toxoids are teratogenic, waiting until the second trimester of pregnancy to administer Td is a reasonable precaution for minimizing any concern about the theoretical possibility of such reactions. जुदिअबो धनुस्टंकार-बेराम आरो दिफतेरिआनि टक्सअइडफोरा टेराटजेनिक होनना फोरमान गैया, मोदोमगोरलैनि नैथि दानमोनथामसिम तिदि होनो नेनायया बेफोर फिनजाथायफोरनि बुंफुरलु सोमोनदै जाथाव सोमोनदै जिखुनु साननाय खमायनो जुक्तिगोनां सांग्रांजाखानाय। The effects of the varicella virus vaccine on the fetus are unknown; therefore, pregnant women should not be vaccinated. भ्रनाव भेरिसिला भाइरास टिकानि जाउनफोरा मिथिजाया, बेनिथाखाय मोदोमगोरलै हिनजाउफोरा टिकाहोजानाय नङा। Although no harmful effects to the fetus have been associated with BCG vaccine, its use is not recommended during pregnancy. जुदिअबो भ्रननि जेबो खहागोनां जाउनफोरा बिसिजि टिकाजों लोबबागैया, बेनि बाहायथिखौ मोदोमगोरलैनि समाव बोसोन होजाया। For most of us, hepatitis does not ring any alarm bells, despite the fact that this disease has the potential of becoming as explosive as HIV. बांसिननि थाखाय, हेफाथायथिसा जेबो गन्टा रिंखां होआ, थार जासेआवबो दि बे बेरामा ओइसआयभि बायदि थाब सोलाय जानायनि गोहो दं। While most health-related agencies like to brush aside hepatitis as a non-issue, data forces you to believe otherwise. जेब्ला बांसिन देहा सोमोनदै थानदैफोरा हेफाथायथिसखौ जेंना-नङै बायदि एंगारनो मोजांमोनो, देथाया नोंखौ फोथायनो नारो। In India, while nearly 30 lakh people have been tested as HIV-infected, nearly 3.5 per cent of the population is reported to be Hepatitis B positive and 1.5 per cent Hepatitis C positive. भारताव, जेब्ला प्राय 30 लाख सुबुंफोरा ओइसआयभि- सनदेरजानाय बायदि आनजादनायजादोंमोन, प्राय सुबुंअनजिमानि 3.5 जौखोनदोआ हेफाथायथिस बि पजितिब आरो 1.5 जौखोनदोआ हेफाथायथिस सि पजितिब गोनां होनना मिथिहोजादोंमोन। In other words, India has more than 450 lakh carriers of the B and C strains of hepatitis alone. गुबुन बाथ्रायाव भारतहा 450 लाखनि ख्रुइ बांसिन हेफाथायथिस हारसिंयैनि बि आरो सि बंस’नि दैबायग्रा। Whether live or inactivated vaccines are used, vaccination of pregnant women should be considered on the basis of risks vs. benefits – i.e., the risk of the vaccination vs. the benefits of protection in a particular circumstance. गोथां एबा सांग्रां-खालामजायै टिकाफोरा बाहायजायो ना जाया, मोदोमगोरलै हिनजावफोरनि टिकाहोनाया खैफोदफोरनि हेंथायै मुलामफाफोरनि सायाव गनायथिजानांगौ – जेरै, टिकाहोनायनि खैफोदनि हेंथायै जुनिआ जाथायआव रैखैथिनि मुलामफाफोर। The threat, however, lies in the fact that each one of these carriers can infect countless other people without showing any symptoms or illness themselves. खैफोदा, जिखिजाया, नंगुबैयाव थायो दि बेफोरनि मोनफ्रोमबो दैबायग्राफोरा साननोहायै गुबुन सुबुंखौ जेबो लैखोन एबा लोमजानाय देखायालाबा। The hepatitis B and C viruses harm the liver the most and are responsible for a chunk of the cases of cancer of the liver and cirrhosis reported our country. हेफाथायथिस बि आरो सि भाइरासफोरा लिभारखौ बांसिन खहा खालामो आरो लिभारनि केनसार बांनाय जाथायनि थाखाय फिनहोनोगोनां आरो सारह’सिसा जोंनि हादोरखौ मोथिहोबाय। Treatment apart, the only cost-effective method of controlling Hepatitis B would be to break the cycle of the virus. सिखितसानि अनगायै, हेफाथायथिस बिखौ दोबथानायनि मोनसेल’ बेसेन-जाउनगोनां नेमा जागोन भाइरासनि साइखेलखौ सिफायनो। Hepatitis B can be nipped in the bud, as it is the only stain which can be transmitted from the mother to the child. हेफाथायथिस बिआ थफिनायावनो हमजागोन, मानोना बेयो मोनसेल’ stain जाय जाय बिमा निफ्राय गथ’नाव बारदेरो। The contribution of perinatal (from mother to child) transmission of hepatitis is very significant in India. हेफाथायथिसनि पेरिनेतेल (बिमा निफ्राय गथ’नो) बारदेरनायनि बिहोमाया भारतआव जोबोद गोख्रों। Hepatitis can be prevented either by vaccinating children or by preventing infection in expectant mothers. हेफाथायथिसा होबथाजायो गथ’फोरखौ टिकाहोनानै एबा बिमा जागोनखौ सनदेरनाय निफ्राय होबथानानै। Surprisingly, barring a few hospitals, the staffs of most hospitals and nursing homes are not vaccinated. गोमोथावयै, माखासे हसपितालफोरनि अनगायै, बांसिन हसफितालफोर आरो नारसिं हमफोरनि मावग्राफोरा टिका होजायाखै। As far as breaking the cycle of the virus is concerned, India will have to follow the example of the over 80 countries who have already vanquished the virus through mass immunization or vaccinating children below one year of age. जेसेबां जखानि भाइरासनि साइखेलखौ बुथारनायनि साननांगौया, भारता 80 हादोरफोरनि बारा बिदिनथिखौ सोलोंनांगोन, जाय से बोसोर बैसो सिंनि गथ’फोरखौ गौमा इमिउनायजेसन एबा टिकाहोनायनि गेजेरजों भाइरासखौ बुथारखाबाय। The government has worked out the cost for the immunization to about Rs. 350crore. सरखारा इमिउनायजेसननि थाखाय प्राय 350कौटि रां खरसानि खामानि मावबाय। In the latter cases, the child cannot be vaccinated within 48 hours of birth. जोबनायनि जाथाया, खुदियाया जोनोमनि 48 गन्टानि गेजेराव टिका होजाया। The safety of hepatitis A vaccination during pregnancy has not been determined; however, because hepatitis A vaccine is produced from inactivated [hepatitis A virus], the theoretical risk to the developing fetus is expected to be low. मोदोमगोरलै समाव हेफाथायथिस ए टिकाहोनायनि रैखाथिया थिखालामजायाखै, जिखिजादोआ, मानोना हेफाथायथिस ए टिकाया गोहोगैयै निफ्राय दिहुनजायो (हेफाथायथिस ए भाइरास), बुंफुरलु सोमोनदै खैफदा भ्रन देरनायखौ खम जागोन होनना हासथायजायो। If vaccinated later than that, the result of the vaccination is not as effective. जुदि बेनि उनाव टिकाहोजायो, टिकाहोनायनि जाउना बारा जाउनगोनां नङा। This defeats the very purpose of mass vaccination. बेयो गोबां टिकाहोनायनि बे थांखिखौ फेजेनो। Another aspect which needs attention is that expectant mothers should be monitored more carefully because if a baby less than a year old gets infected with Hepatitis B through the mother, there are 90 per cent chances of chronic infection, and 25 per cent chance of death due to a liver disease. गुबुन मोनसे बिथिं जायनो गोसोहोनायखौ नांगौआ जादोंदि बिमा जागोनफोरा बांसिन जोथोनै नायजानांगोन मानोना जुदि से बोसोरनि ख्रुइ उनदैसिन खुदियाया बिमा निफ्राय हेफाथायथिस बिजों सनदेरजायोब्ला, बेयाव क्रनिक सनदेरनायनि 90 जौखोनदो खाबु दं आरो थैनायनि 25 जौखोनदो खाबुआ मोनसे लिभार बेरामनि थाखाय जायो। More than 90 per cent of these infections can be prevented if HBV-infected mothers are identified and their infants vaccinated. बेफोर सनदोरनायफोरा 90 जौखोनदोनि ख्रुइ बांसिना होबथाजायो जुदि ओइसबिभि-सनदेरजानाय बिमाफोरा सोनायजायो आरो बिसोरनि खुदियाफोरा टिकाहोजायो। Hepatitis B vaccination and one dose of HBIG, (the immunologic substance which acts as immediate first aid in case the infection is transmitted from the mother to the child), administered within 24 hours of birth, are 85 to 95 per cent effective in preventing both HBV infection and the chronic carrier state. हेफाथायथिस बि टिकाहोनाय आरो ओइसबिआइजिनि मोनसे फालिआ, (इमिउन’ल’जिक मुवा जाय बिमा निफ्राय गथ'नाव सनदेरनाया जुदि बारदेरो थाव गुदि हेफाजाब बायदि हाबा-मावो), जोनोमनि 24 गन्टानि गेजेराव होजायोआ, 85 निफ्राय 95 जौखोनदोआ मोननैबो ओइसबिभि सनदेरनाय आरो क्रनिखदैबायग्रा थासारिथौ होबथानायाव जाउनगोनां। Hepatitis B vaccine administered alone in three or four dose schedule, beginning within 24 hours of birth, is 70 to 95 per cent effective in preventing the infection from passing from the mother to the baby. हेफाथायथिस बि टिकाया हारसिंयै मोनथाम एबा मोनब्रै फालि समखौ सालायो, जोनोमनि 24 गन्टा जाजेननायनि गेजेरावआ बिमानिफ्राय खुदियानाव सनदेरनायखौ बारलांनाय निफ्राय होबथानायाव 70 निफ्राय 95 जौखोनदो जाउनगोनां। Of course, the additional reduction in acute hepatitis B and hepatitis B- associated chronic liver diseases resulting from mass infant vaccination can become apparent only after a number of years. थारैनो, गौमा खुदिया टिकाहोनायनिफ्राय नुजानाय क्रनिख बिखा (लिभार) बेरामफोरजों सोमोनदोगोनां -गोख्रों हेफाथायथिस बि आरो हेफाथायथिस बिनि उफ्रा खमायनाया- मोननाया गोबां बोसोरनि उनावसो रोखा-रोखा जानो हागौ। The golden rule is earlier the detection and vaccination; greater are the chances of survival. गोनां नेमखानथिया इसेने थाब हमनोहानाय आरो टिकाहोनाय; थांनाथानायनि खाबुफोरा बांसिन। In case the child has not been vaccinated and develops the infection as he grows, the cost of treatment works up to lakhs. जुदि गथ’आ टिकाहोनाय जायाखै आरो जेब्ला देरो सनदेरनाय बांयो, सिकितसानि बेसेना लाखफोरसिम जायो। Still, the chances of the child getting rid of the infection are only 50 to 60 per cent. थेवबो, गथ’आ सनदेरनाय निफ्राय बारगनायनि खाबुआ 50 निफ्राय 60 जौखोनदोल’। The risk associated with vaccination should be weighed against the risk for hepatitis A in women who may be at high risk for exposure to [hepatitis A virus]. टिकाहोनायजों सोमोदोगोनां खैफोदा हिनजावफोरनाव हेफाथायथिस एनि खैफोदनि हेंथायै सुजानांगोन जाय [हेफाथायथिस ए भाइरास] थानायनि थाखाय गोबां खैफोदाव थानो हागौ। This makes it all the more important to either prevent or nip the infection in the bud. बेयो बेखौ थफिनायाव सनदेरनायखौ फोजोबस्रांनो एबा होबथानोआव गासैबो गोनांसिन खालामो। Vaccination is the best way to protect your child against dangerous diseases. टिकाहोनाया नोंनि खुदियाखौ खैफोदगोनां बेरामफोरनि बेरेखायै रैखाथि होनो साबसिन लामा। Children in Canada are routinely vaccinated against many serious illnesses, including diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), measles, mumps, rubella and hepatitis B. केनादानि गथ’फोरा गोबां खैफोदगोनां लोमजानायनि लोगोसे दिफदेरिआ, धनुस्टंकार-बेराम, पारतुसिस (खं खं गुजुनाय), पलिअ, हेम’फिलास इनफ्लुएनजा, बि रोखोम (ओइसआयबि), आय, गालथाव बुनाय, रुबेला आरो हेफाथायथिस बि बेरेखायै मावफारियै टिकाहोजायो। Several new vaccines are now available to protect against chickenpox (varicella), pneumococcal and meningococcal diseases, as well as diseases caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and rotavirus gastroenteritis (a common cause of severe diarrhea in children under 3 years). दा लोनथिबेरनाय (भारिसिला), निउम’क’ककल आरो मेनिंग’क’ककल बेरामफोर लोगोसे हिउमेन पेपिल’माभाइरास (ओइसपिभि) आरो र’ताभाइरास गेसथ्र’एनथारिथिसजों (थाम बोसोर सिंनि गथ’फोरनाव गोख्रों खिस्रायनायनि मोनसे सरासनस्रा जाहोन) सोमजिहोजानाय बेरामफोरनि बेरेखायै रैखाथि होनो गोबां गोदान टिकाफोरा थोजासे दं। Influenza (flu) vaccine is recommended for children older than 6 months. इनफ्लुएनजा (फ्लु) टिकाया 6 दाननि ख्रुइ देरसिन गथ’फोरनि थाखाय बोसोन होजायो। Not all of these vaccines are covered by every provincial or territorial health plan. बेसोर गासैबो टिकाफोरा गासैबो जायगायारि एबा ओनसोलारि देहा बिथांखिजों खोबजाया। It is important that your child receive all the vaccines (“shots”) recommended in the childhood immunization schedule. बेयो गोना दि नोंनि गथ’आ उनदै-सम इमिउनायजेसन समनि फारिलाइआव बोसोन होजानाय गासैबो टिकाफोर (बेजि) मोनो। The timing for these shots may be slightly different depending on where you live. बेफोर बेजिहोनायनि समफोरा नों बबेहाय थायोनि सायाव एसे गुबुन जानो हागौ। dTp vaccine for adolescents: protects against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (whooping cough). लायमोनफोरनि दिथिपि टिकाया दिफदेरिआ, धनुस्टंकार-बेराम, आरो पारतुसिसनि (खं खं गुजुनाय) बेरेखायै रैखाथि होयो। Pneumococcal vaccine: Protects against infections caused by Streptococcus pneumonia, including meningitis (a brain infection), pneumonia, and ear infections. निउम’क’ककल टिकाया सत्रेपत’कअकखास निउमनिआजों जाजानाय, लोगोसे मेनिंजायथिस (मेसे-बेराम सनदेरनाय), निउमनिआ, आरो खोमा-बेराम सनदेरनायफोरा सनदेरथिफोरनि बेरेखायै रैखाथि होयो। On the basis of limited experience, there is no apparent risk of adverse effects to developing fetuses when hepatitis B vaccine is administered to pregnant women. खम रोंमोदांथि नि सायाव,भ्रनफोराव जौगाफुनाय उलथा जाउनफोरनि जेबो रोखा खैफोद थाया जेब्ला हेफाथायथिस बि टिकाखौ मोदोमगोरलै हिनजावफोरनो होजायो। Meningococcal vaccine: Protects against diseases caused by the meningococcus bacteria, including meningitis and septicemia, a serious blood infection. मेनिंग’क’ककल टिका: मेनिंगखखास बिजानुजों जानाय बेरामफोर, लोगोसे मेनिंजायथिस आरो सेपटिसिमिये, मोनसे गोख्रों थैनि सनदेरनायनि बेरेखायै रैखाथि होयो। HPV vaccine: Protects girls from several types of HPV that cause cervical cancer and genital warts. ओइसपिभि टिका : ओइसपिभिनि गोबां रोखोम जाय आथोनाव दब्राफोर आरो गोदोनानि केनसार जानाय निफ्राय हिनजावफोरखौ रैखाथि होयो। The CPS recommends that all children over 6 months old get a flu shot each year. सिपिएसा बोसोन होजायो दि 6 दाननि बैसोनि देरसिन गथ’फोरा बोसोरफ्रोमबो मोनसे फ्लु बेजि मोनो। The vaccine is especially important for children who are at high risk of complications from the flu. टिकाया जुनियायै गथ’फोरनि थाखाय गोनां जायफोरा फ्लुनिफ्राय गोबां खैफोद जेंनाफोराव दं। These are children with heart or lung problems (like cystic fibrosis or asthma), a chronic condition like diabetes, or have to be treated for long periods of time with ASA (Aspirin). बिसोरो जादों मैखुन एबा संफ्ल जेंनाफोर गोनां गथ’फोर (जेरै बिख्लो-सिथोब फिबर’सिस एबा दाहाय(हाफानि)), डायबेटिज बायदि मोनसे क्र’निख थासारि, एबा एएसएजों (एसप्रिन) गोबाव समनि थाखाय सिकितसा खालामनो गोनां जागोन। You should also speak to a physician about vaccines that can protect your child while travelling. नोंबो फाहामगिरिफोरजों टिकाफोरनि सोमोनदै रायलायनांगोन जाय नोंनि गथ’खौ दावबायनाय समाव रैखाथि होनो हायो। Vaccines are generally very safe and there are rarely reasons not to get vaccinated. टिकाफोरा सरासनस्रायै जोबोद खैफोद-गैयै आरो बेयाव टिकाहोनांयैनि जाहोना खम। If your child had an allergic reaction to a vaccine—such as breathing problems, severe swelling of the skin or mouth—talks to your doctor before the next shot. जुदि नोंनि गथ'आ टिकाजों मानलुनाय फिनजाथाय जाखांबाय – जेरै हांलानायनि जेंनाफोर, बिगुर एबा खुगानि गोखों बुनाय – फैगौ बेजिनि सिगां नोंनि फाहामगिरिजों रायसाय। With any vaccine, there may be some redness, swelling or pain at the place where the needle went into the arm or leg. जिखुनुजा टिकाजों, आखानथि आबा आथिंआव जेराव बेजि हाबदों बे जायगायाव इसे जारेत, बुनाय एबा सानो हागौ। Some children may have a fever after a vaccine. माखासे गथ’फोरा टिकानि उनाव लोमजानो हागौ। The vaccine contains non-infectious HBSAG particles and should cause no risk to the fetus [Hepatitis B virus] infection affecting a pregnant woman may result in severe disease for the mother and chronic infection for the newborn. टिकाया सनदेरथि गैयै ओइसबिएसएजि गुनद्राफोर थायो आरो भ्रन सनदेनाय [हेफाथायथिस बि भाइरास] मोदोमगोरलै हिनजावखौ गोहोमखोखलैनाया बिमानि थाखाय गोख्रों बेरामनि जाउन होनो हागौ आरो उजिगोदाननि क्र’निख सनदेरनाय थाखाय खैफद जाहोआ If your child is very sick when it’s time for a vaccine, talk to your doctor. जुदि नोंनि गथ’आ जोबोद लोमजादों, जेब्ला टिकानि सम जायो, नोंनि फाहामगिरिजों रायलाय। If your child has a severe egg allergy (hives, swelling of the eyes, face or mouth), she should only be given the flu vaccine under close medical supervision. जुदि नोंनि खुदियाया दावदैजों गोख्रों मानसुनाय दं (बेरे बासाफोर, मेगनफोर, मोखां एबा खुगानि बुनाय), खाथि मेदिकल नायदिंनायनि सिङाव बिनो फ्लु टिकाखौल’ होनांगोन। Most of the vaccine is made in chicken eggs. बांसिन टिकाया दावनि दावदैआव बानायो। Give your baby sugar water (with a teaspoon or pacifier) just before the shot, or nurse your baby while he gets the needle. नोंनि खुदियानो सिनिनि दै हो (सानि सामुस एबा पेसिफायारजों) थि बेजिनि सिगांआव एबा जेब्ला बियो बेजि होजायो नोंनि खुदियाखौ आहार दौ। Use distractions (blow bubbles, read a book), suggest deep breathing, remain calm and physically comfort your child (cuddle, hold hands) during the needle. होसोखौ बोखथिं (गांगा थफा सु, बिजाब फराय) हां गोथोउलानो बिथोनहो, निजोम था आरो देहायारियै नोंनि गथ’खौ बेजि सुनाय समाव गोजोनहो (गोबाख्र’बलाय, आखायफोर हमलाय)। If your child is crying or fussy after getting the shot, you can give her acetaminophen. जुदि नोंनि थुदियाया बेजि होनायनि उनाव गाबदों एबा दावराव-दावसि खालामो, नों बिनो एसतामिन’फेन होनो हागोन। Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) requires a series of immunizations. हेम’फिलास इनफ्लुएनजा बि रोखोमा (ओइसआइबि) इमिउनायजेसनफोरनि फारि नांगो। The exact number and timing of each may vary with the type of vaccine used. थि बिबां आरो मोनफ्रोमबोनि समाया गुबुन जानो हागौ टिका बाहायनायनि रोखोमजों। Two-dose programs for MMR are given in all territories and provinces. एमएमआरनि थाखाय मोननै-फालि हाबाफारिफोरा गासैबो ओनसोलफोर आरो हादाबाव होजाबाय। Second dose MMR is given either at 18 months or 4-6 years of age. एमएमआरनि नैथि फालिआ 18दान एबा 4-6 बैसोआव होजायो। Therefore, neither pregnancy nor lactation should be considered a contraindication to vaccination of women. बेनिखायनो, हिनजाउफोरखौ टिकाहोनायाव मोदोमगोरलै एबा आहार-दौनाय समा गनायथिजानङा। Recommended schedule and number of doses of meningococcal vaccine depends on the age of the child. बोसोन होजानाय समनि फारिलाइ आरो मेनिंग’क’ककल टिकानि गोबां फालिआ गथ’नि बैसोनि सायाव सोनारो। Type C vaccine is now given routinely to babies. दामानि सि रोखोम टिकाया खुदियाफोरनो मावफारियै होजाबाय। A new vaccine covering types A, W-135, Y as well as C is also available. ए, दाब्लिउ-135, अआय लोगोसे सि रोखोमफोरखौ लाफानाय मोनसे गोदान टिकायाबो मोननोहाथाव। This vaccine is not currently recommended for routine use in Canada, but is used for people at higher risk of getting meningococcal infection. केनादायाव मावफारिनि थाखाय दासानदि बे टिकाया बोसोन होजाया, नाथाय सुबुंफोर मेनिंग’क’ककल सनदेरथि मोननायनि गोबांसिन खैफोद गोनांनाव बाहायो। Talk to your doctor or public health nurse if you have questions about vaccines or your child’s health. जुदि नोंहा टिकाफोरनि एबा गथ’नि देहा सोमोनदै सोंलुफोर दं नोंनि फाहामदिरि एबा सोरकारि देहा जोथोनगिरिजों रायलाय। Immunization is one of the most important ways to keep your child healthy. इमिउनायजेसना नोंनि खुदियाखौ देहा-गोनां लाखिनो मोनसे बांसिन गोनां लामा। Before many of today’s vaccines were available, children often got very sick or even died from diseases that can now be prevented. दासानदिनि गोबां टिकाफोरखौ मोननायनि सिगां, गथ’फोरा गले-गले लोमजायो आरो बेरामफोरनिफ्रायबो थैयो जायफोरखौ दासानदि होबथानोहायो। Like all medicines, vaccines must go through a series of steps before they are approved for use. टिकाफोरा गासैबो मुलैफोर बाइदि बाहायनो थाखाय गनायथि होजानायनि सिगां बेसोरो थाखो फारि बारलांनांगोन। Vaccines must be shown to be safe and effective in preventing the diseases they target. टिकाफोरा खैफोद-गैयै आरो बेसोर बेरामफोरखौ होबथानायनि थांखि लानायाव जाउनगोनां दिनथिनांगौ। Once a vaccine is in use, health authorities continue to ensure that it is safe. टिकाया खेबसे बाहायजाजेननायनिफ्राय, देहा मोनथायगिरिफोरा थार खालामबायथायो दि बेयो रैखाथिगोनां। Pregnant women who have medical conditions that increase their risk for complications from influenza should be vaccinated before the influenza season—regardless of the state of pregnancy. मोदोमगोरलै हिनजावफोरा, जायहा मेदिकेल थासारिफोर दं जाय बिसोरनि इनफ्लुएनजा निफ्राय जेंनाफोरनि खैफोदखौ बांहोयो, इनफ्लुएनजा बोथोरनि सिगां टिकाहोजानांगौ- मोदोमगोरलैनि थासारिखौ सायख’आलासे। One way is through a unique program called IMPACT (Immunization Monitoring Program, Active). मोनसे लामाया इमपेक्ट (इमिउनायजेसन मनित’रिं प्र’ग्रेम, एकटिभ) होनजानाय नैथि-गैयै हाबाफारिनि गेजेरजों। Canada also has a system where any doctor or nurse can fill out a report to Health Canada if they have a patient with a serious health problem that occurred after vaccination. केनादाहाबो फारिखानथि दं जेराव जिखुनुजा फाहामगिरि एबा देहा-जोथोनगिरिआ देहा केनादायाव फोरमायथि लिरनो हायो जुदि बिसोरहा टिकाहोनायनि उनाव जानाय गोब्राब देहा जेंना बेरामि दं। After a vaccine, some children may have a fever or may feel pain where the needle went into the arm or leg. टिकानि उनाव माखासे गथ’फोरा आखानथि एबा आथिंआव जेराव बेजि सुदोंआव सानाय मोनदांनो हागौ एबा लोमजानाय जानो हागौ। Taking acetaminophen before or after a vaccination can help. टिकाहोनायनि सिगां एबा उनाव एसतामिन’फेन लानाया हेफाजाब होनोहागौ। The chance of getting sick from the disease far outweighs the very small risk of reacting to an immunization. बेरामनिफ्राय लोमजानाय जानायनि खाबुआ इमिउनायजेसनखौ फिनजाथायनि जोबोद फिसा खैफोदखौ गोबां हेर-फेर खालामो। It is better to give vaccines one at a time or combined with others. टिकाफोर मोनसे समाव मोनसे एबा गुबुनजों ज’ होनायया मोजां। Many of the shots your child will receive have several vaccines in them, such as the 5-in-1 vaccine (which protects against diphtheria, polio, tetanus, pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type B or Hib disease). नोंनि गथ’आ नाजावगोन गोंबां बेजियावनो गोबां टिकाफोर थागोन, जेरै मोन1 टिकायावनो मोन5 (जाय दिफतेरिआ, पलिअ, धनुस्टंकार-बेराम, पारतुसिस आरो हेम’फिलास इनफ्लुएनजा बि थाखो एबा ओएसआइबि बेरामनि बेरेखायै रैखाथि होयो)। The MMR vaccine (which protects against measles, mumps and rubella). एमएमआर टिका (जाय आय, गालथाव बुनाय एबा रुबेलानि बेरेखायै रैखाथिहोयो)। A number of studies have shown that giving combinations of vaccines is both safe and effective. गोबां नायबिजिरनाया दिनथिबायदि गलायमेनदेर टिका होनाया मोनैबो रैखाथिगोनां आरो जाउनगोनां। It’s also practical, allowing your child to receive several vaccinations during the same visit. खेबसे नायजानायावनो नोंनि खुदियाखौ गोबां टिकाहोनायफोर आजावनो गनायथिहोनायाबो मोकथांआरि। MMR and its component vaccines should not be administered to women known to be pregnant. एमएमआर आरो बेनि थाफानाय टिकाफोरा मोदोमगोरलै होनना मिथिजानायनो होनो नङा। Fewer shots may also be less traumatic for your child. नोंनि गथ9’नि थाखाय इसेसिन बेजिफोराबो खम बिखा खामथाव जागोन। The reason that vaccination starts at 2 months of age is to protect babies against pertussis and Hib disease as early in life as possible, since these diseases are more harmful to young babies. 2 दान बैसोआवनो टिकाहोनाया जागायजानायनि जाहोना जादों जिउआव जेसेबां थाब हायो, खुदियाफोरखौ पारतुसिस आरो ओइसआइबि बेरामनि बेरेखायै रैखाथि होनाय, मानोना बेफोर बेरामफोरा उनदै खुदियाफोरनिथाखाय बांसिन खहागोनां। There is no evidence that side effects from vaccination are more common in younger infants. बेयाव जेबो फोरमान गैया दि टिकाहोनाय निफ्राय गाज्रि फिनजाथाया उनदैसिन खुदियाफोरनाव बांसिन सरासनस्रा। There is NO scientific evidence to support this theory that measles or MMR vaccine causes autism or other developmental disorders. बेयाव बे बुंफुरलुखौ सुंथानो बिगियानारि फोरमान गैया दि आय एबा एमएमआर टिकाया अतिजिम एबा गुबुन जौगानाय बेराम जाहोयो। All the research on the MMR vaccine and autism has been reviewed independently by expert committees who agree that there is no scientific evidence that MMR causes autism, autistic spectrum disorders or inflammatory bowel disease. एमएमआर टिका आरो अतिजिमनि सायाव गासैबो नायबिजिरनाया रोंगौसा आफादजों उदांयै नायफिनजाबाय जायफोर गनायो दि बेवहाय जेबो बिगियानारि फोरमान गैया मानोना एमएमआरा अतिजिम, अतिसथिक स्पेकत्राम बेरामफोर एबा बिबु-बिख्लो बुख्रांहोनाय बेराम जाहोयो । In the past, mercury was present in some vaccines in the form of thimerosal. गिबिआव, पाराया तिमार’सलनि महरै माखासे टिकाफोर दंमोन। Thimerosal is an organic mercury compound that has been used as a preservative in some vaccines and other medications since the 1930s. तिमार’सला जैब पारा गलायनाय मुवा जाय माखासे टिकाफोरआव आरो 1930फोर निफ्राय गुबुन मुलैहोनायफोराव संरैखा बाइदि बाहायजायोमोन। There is no evidence that the presence of thimerosal in vaccines causes brain damage in children. बेयाव फोरमान गैया दि टिकाफोराव तिमार’सल थानाया गथ’फोरनि मेलेमखौ गाज्रि खालामो। Large studies in which some children received vaccines containing thimerosal and received thimerosal-free vaccines showed no difference in the number of children who developed autism. गोबां नायबिजिरनाय जेराव गथ’फोरा तिमार’सल थाफानाय टिकाफोर मोनो आरो तिमार’सल-उदां टिकाफोर मोननाया गोबां गथ’फोर जाय अतिजिम बांदोंनाव गुबुन दिनथिआखै। As of March 2001, all vaccines for routine immunization of children in Canada and the United States are produced without thimerosal. मार्च्चनि 2001 बाइदिब्ला केनादा आरो इउनायतेत स्तेताव गथ’फोरनि मावफारि इमिउनायजेसननि थाखाय गासैबो टिकाफोरा तिमार’सल गैयानाबा दिहुनजायो। Common triggers include colds or flu, tobacco smoke, exercise and allergies to things like pollen, furry or feathery animals or house-dust mites. सरासनस्रा जाहोनफोरा सरजाबफायो गुसु एबा फ्लु, थांखु सोबनाय, बियाम आरो एलारजि मुवाफोर जेरैबादि बिबारगुनद्रा, खोमोनगोनां एबा गांगोनां जुनारफोर एबा नखर-हाद्रि एमफौ एनलाफोर। Some people may have to change parts of their lifestyle because of worsening asthma symptoms. गाज्रिथार हाफानि लोइखोनफोरनि थाखाय खायसे मानसिफोरा बिसोरनि जिवराहानि बाहागोफोरखौ सोलायनांगौ जानोहागौ। It can be difficult to identify exactly what triggers your asthma. माया नोंनि हाफानिखौ जाहोयो बेखौ रोखायै सिनायनो गोब्राब जानो हागौ। Sometimes the link is obvious, for example when your symptoms start within minutes of coming into contact with a cat or pollen. बिदिनथि महरै, खायसेसमाव सोमोनदोया गमामा, जेब्ला नोंनि लोइखोनफोरा मावजि एबा बिबारगुनद्राजों सोमोनदोयाव फैनायनि खमसमनि गेजेराव जागायो। Some people have a delayed reaction. खायसे मानसिफोरहा लासै फिनजाथाय दं। By avoiding the triggers that make your asthma symptoms worse, and by taking your asthma medicines correctly, you can reduce unnecessary symptoms and continue to enjoy your usual lifestyle. नोंनि हाफानि लोइखोनफोरखौ गाज्रि खालामग्रा जाहोनफोरखौ नागारनानै, आरो नोंनि हाफानि मुलैफोरखौ थिगै जानानै, नों गोनांथिगैयै लोइखोनफोरखौ खमायनो आरो नोंनि सरासनस्रा जिवराहाखौ रंजालांनो हायो। There are some excellent treatments available to help you to control your asthma. बेवहाय नोंनि हाफानिखौ दबथायनो नोंखौ हेफाजाब होनो खायसे साबनाहामना सिकितसाफोर दं। The most effective way of taking most asthma treatments is to inhale the medicine so it goes straight into your lungs. बांसिन हाफानि सिकितसाफोर लानायनि बांसिन जाउनगोनां राहाया जादों मुलैखौ मोनामसुख'लांनाय जाहाथे बेयो थोंजोङै नोंनि संफ्ल'सिम सहैयो। There are a variety of inhalers available and it is important that you use a device that you are comfortable with and which can be used properly. बेयाव गोबां रोखोमनि मोनामसुख'लांग्राफोर(inhaler) दं आरो बेयो गोनांदि नों मोनसे राहा बाहाय जेराव नों गोजोन आरो जाय मोजाङै बाहायजायो। Your doctor or nurse will advise you on the most appropriate device and should demonstrate how to use it correctly. नोंनि देहाफाहामगिरि एबा जोथोनगिरिया बांसिन गोरोबथाव राहानि सायाव नोंखौ बिथनहोगोन आरो बेखौ माबोरै मोजाङै बाहायनो दिनथिफुंनांगोन। When a person with asthma comes into contact with an asthma trigger, the muscle around the walls of the airways tightens so that the airway becomes narrower. जेब्ला हाफानि गोनां सासे मानसिया मोनसे हाफानि जाहोनजों सोमोनदोयाव फैयो, हांलामाफोरनि इनजुरफोर सोरगिदिं थानाय मोदोमा गोरा जायो जाहाथे हांलामाया गुसेबसिन जायो। There are two main types of asthma medicine relievers and preventers. बेयाव मोननै रोखोमनि गोजोनहोग्रा आरो होबथाग्रा हाफानि मुलै दं। Reliever inhalers are usually blue and you take them to relieve symptoms. सरासनस्रायै गोजोनहोग्रा मोनामसुख'लांग्राफोरा(inhaler) गोथां आरो नों लोइखोनफोरखौ गोजोनहोनो बेफोरखौ ला। They work quickly by relaxing the muscles surrounding the narrowed airways. गुसेब हांलामाफोरखौ बेंखननाथानाय मोदोमफोरखौ गोजोनहोनानै बेफोर थाबै हाबामावो। They are essential in treating asthma attacks. बेफोर हाफानि गाग्लोबथिफोरखौ सिकितसाखालामनायाव गोनां। If you need to use your reliever inhaler 3 times a week, you should go back to your doctor or nurse and have your symptoms reviewed so that they can be kept under control. जुदि नों सफथासेयाव खेबथाम नोंनि गोजोनहोग्रा इनहेलारखौ बाहायनो गोनां जायो, नों नोंनि देहाफाहामगिरि एबा जोथोनगिरिनिसिम थांफिन आरो नोंनि लोइखोनखौ नायफिन जाहाथे बेफोर दबथायना लाखिजायो। Preventers usually come in brown, red or orange inhalers. सरासनस्रायै होबथाग्राफोरा मुगागाब, गोरजा एबा खमलागाब इनहेलारफोराव फैयो। They work by controlling the swelling and inflammation in the airways, stopping them from being so sensitive and reducing the risk of severe attacks. बेफोर हांलामाफोरनि बुखांनाय आरो बेदलाबनायखौ दबथायनानै खामानि मावो, जोबोर बांसिन मोनदांथि (sBOsitrive) जानायनिफ्राय बेफोरखौ दबथायनानै आरो बांद्राय गागलोबथिफोरनि खैफोदखौ खमायनानै। They build up over a period of time so they need to be taken every day, usually morning and evening, even when you are feeling well. बेफोर समनि मोनसे समफारि दायो बेखायनो बेफोरखौ सानफ्रोमबो लानांगौ जायो, सरासनस्रायै फुं आरो बेलासे, जेब्ला नों मोजां मोनदोंब्लाबो। Most preventers contain a steroid medicine. बांसिन होबथाग्राफोरहा स्तेरइद मुलै थायो। It is important to understand that it is not the same as anabolic steroids used by athletes to improve their performance. बुजिनो बेयो गोनांदि बेयो गावसोरनि खामानिखौ जौगाहोनो गेलेगिरिफोरजों बाहायजानाय एनाबलिक स्तेरइदफोर बादि एखे नङा। The lining of the airways becomes inflamed and starts to swell. हांलामाफोरनि खोख्लोबग्राया बेदलाबो आरो बुखांनो जागायो। There are other types of medicine that can be added to your reliever and preventer inhaler if needed, such as preventer tablets and long-acting relievers. नांगौ जायोब्ला बेयाव गुबुन रोखोमनि मुलै दं जाय नोंनि गोजोनहोग्रा आरो होबथाग्रा मोनामसुख'ग्राजों दाजाबजायो, जेरैबायदि होबथाग्रा तेब्लेतफोर आरो गोलाव-खामानिमावग्रा गोजोनहोग्रा। For information about new medicines that may be more effective for you, speak to your doctor or nurse. गोदान मुलैफोरनि सोमोनदै खौरांनि थाखाय जाय नोंनि थाखाय बांसिन जाउनगोनां जानोहागौ, नोंनि देहाफाहामगिरि एबा जोथोनगिरिजों रायज्लाय। Many people with asthma use a preventer that contains a low dose of inhaled steroid. हाफानिजों गोबां सुबुंफोरा मोनसे होबथाग्रा बाहायो जायहा मोनामसुखनाय स्तेरइदनि खम पालि थायो। The steroids used to treat asthma are corticosteroids a copy of the steroids which is produced naturally in your body. हाफानि फाहामनो बाहायजानाय स्तेरइदफोरा करटिकसतेरइद, स्तेरइदफोरनि मोनसे नखल जाय नोंनि देहायाव मिथिंगायारियै दिहुनजायो। They are completely different from the anabolic steroids used by bodybuilders and athletes. बेफोर फुरायै देहादाग्रा आरो गेलेगिरिफोरजों बाहायजानाय एनाबलिक स्तेरइदफोरनिफ्राय आलादा। Inhaled steroids go straight down to the airways, so very little is absorbed into the rest of the body. मोनामसुखजानाय स्तेरइदफोरा हांलामाफोरसिम थोंजोङै गाहायाव थाङो, बेखायनो जोबोर एसेलया देहानि आद्रायाव सोबखांजायो। Your doctor will prescribe the lowest possible dose. नोंनि देहाफाहामगिरिया खमसिन हाथाव पालि बोसोन होगोन। Children should be monitored closely, especially for growth. गथ'फोरखौ खाथियै नोजोरहोनांगौ, जुनियायै देरनायनि थाखाय। Occasionally, if your asthma symptoms become severe, your doctor may give you a short course of steroid tablets. सम सम, जुदि नोंनि हाफानि लोइखोनफोरा गोब्राब जायो, नोंनि देहाफाहामगिरिया नोंनो स्तेरइद तेब्लेतफोरनि गुसुं समफालिथाय होनो हागौ। They work quickly and powerfully to help to calm down your inflamed airways. नोंनि बेदलाबनाय हांलामाफोरखौ गोजोनहोनो हेफाजाबहोनो बिसोर गोख्रैयै आरो गोहोगोनाङै खामानि मावो। Often sticky mucus or phlegm is produced. एखनबा आमथा गुंखि एबा फ्लेजोमा गयो। Short courses of tablets, anything from 14 days, will not give any long-term side effects. तेब्लेतफोरनि गुसुं समफारिलाया, 14 साननिफ्राय जायखिजाया, जेबो गोलाव-सम उफेरा जाउनफोर होनाय नङा। Steroid tablets can lower the body's resistance to chickenpox, so you should contact your doctor if you are taking steroid tablets and come into contact with chickenpox. स्तेरइद तेब्लेतफोरा आय बेरामाव देहानि होबथागोहोखौ खमायनो हायो, बेनिखायनो जुदि नों स्तेरइद तेब्लेतफोर जागासिनो आरो आयजों सोमोनदोयाव फैयो, नों नोंनि देहाफाहामगिरिजों लोगो हमनांगोन। Most preventer treatments contain steroids and taking them through an inhaler means that a much lower dose of the steroid can be used and because the inhaled medicine goes straight down to the airways where it is needed, very little is absorbed into the rest of the body. बांसिन होबथाग्रा सिकितसाफोरहा स्तेरइदफोर दं आरो मोनसे मोनामसुखग्रा गेजेरजों बेफोरखौ लानाया फोरमायो दि जोबोर खमसिन स्तेरइदनि पालिया बाहायजायो आरो मानोना मोनामसुखजानाय मुलैया हांलामाफोरसिम थोंजोङै गाहायाव थाङो जेराव बेयो गोनांथि, जोबोर खमथारा आराव सोबखांजायो। When steroids are taken in tablet form the dose is much higher (one steroid tablet gives 50 times the dosage of a puff from a standard steroid inhaler) and most of it will be absorbed into the rest of the body, not just your lungs. जेब्ला स्तेरइदफोरा तेब्लेत महराव लाजायो पालिया जोबोर बांसिन (गरसे स्तेरइद तेब्लेतया मोनसे मोनथाखोगानां स्तेरइद मोनामसुखग्रानिफ्राय खनसे सोबनायनि 50 खेब पालिफोर होयो) आरो बेनि बांसिना देहानि आद्रायाव सोबखांजायो, नोंनि संफ्लफोरावल नङा। Using steroid tablets regularly for long periods of time (months or years) can have serious side effects such as brittle bones (osteoporosis), bruising, diabetes, cataracts, increased hunger, heartburn and indigestion. जेब्लायबो गोलाव समनि(दानफोर एबा बोसोरफोर) थाखाय स्तेरइद तेब्लेतफोर बाहायनायहा गोब्राब उफेरा जाउनफोर थानो हागौ जेरैबायदि गेस्रेम हारा (असतेयपरसिस), दोलाबनाय, दाइबेथिस, मेगनबेराम, उखैनाय बांनाय, बिखाआलौनाय आरो हजमजायै। They may make you feel depressed, or have mood swings or have a fattened face (moon face). बिसोर नोंखौ दुखु मोनदांहोनो हागौ, एबा महर सोलायसोल' एबा बुथब मोखां(अखाफोर मोखां) थानो हागौ। To help you to control your asthma symptoms, your doctor or nurse should discuss with you the best way you can control your symptoms and as part of this, should give you a written record of your asthma medicines and what to do if your symptoms get worse. नोंनि हाफानि लोइखोनफोरखौ दबथायनो नोंखौ हेफाजाबहोनो, नोंनि देहाफाहामगिरि एबा जोथोनगिरिया नोंजों नोंनि लोइखोनफोरखौ नों दबथायनो हानाय साबसिन राहाखौ सावरायनांगोन आरो बेनि बाहागो महरै, नोंनि हाफानि मुलैफोर आरो नोंनि लोइखोनफोरा गाज्रिसिन जाब्ला मा मावनांगौनि गांसे लिरनाय फोरमान होनांगोन। During your review, ask them for an asthma medicine card and a personal asthma action plan. नोंनि नायसंफिननाय समाव, गांसे हाफानि मुलै कार्द आरो मोनसे गावआरि हाफानि खामानि बिथांखि बिसोरनाव बि। Take two puffs of your reliever (blue) inhaler, Sit up and loosen tight clothing. नोंनि सुग्लाहोग्रा (निला) इनहेलारनिफ्राय खननै सोबनानै ला, थोंगोर जिराय आरो थेथे सिगाननायखौ फुरुं। If no immediate improvement is felt during an attack, continue to take one puff of reliever inhaler every minute for five minutes or until symptoms improve. जुदि गाग्लोबनाय समाव जेबो हरखाब जौगानायखौ मोनदाङा, बा मिनिटनि थाखाय एबा लोइखोनफोरा जौगायिसिम मोनफ्रोम मिनिटाव गोजोनहोग्रा मोनामसुखग्रानि खनसे सुरखोनाय लाबायथा। All these reactions cause the airways to become narrower and irritated leading to the symptoms of asthma. बेफोर गासै फिनजाथायफोरा हाफानिनि लोइखोनफोरखौ दैदेननानै हांलामाफोरखौ गुसेबसिन आरो मानस्लुहोयो। For confidential and independent advice about asthma, phone the Asthma UK Advice line to speak to our asthma nurse specialists through an interpreter. हाफानिनि सोमोनदै फोथायथिगोनां आरो उदां बिथोननि थाखाय, सासे बेखेवगिरिनि गेजेरजों जोंनि हाफानि जोथोनगिरि रोंखाराखाफोरजों रायज्लायनो आसमा इउ.के एदभाइस लाइनखौ फन खालाम। The mythology of cancer includes such facts as, that cancer is caused by an agent, ( and hence can be prevented by ridding humanity of that agent), that it can be diagnosed at a stage when a pre-emptive strike at it would assure a cure, and that these are the only essentials that need bother us about the nature of cancer. केनसारनि सोरजिसल’आ बेफोरबायदि बाथ्राफोरखौ सरजाबो जेरैबादि, केनसारादि मोनसे थानदैजों सोमजिहोजायो (आरो बेनिखायनो बै थानदैनि सुग्लायनाय सुबुंथिजों होबथाजानो हायो) बेयो मोनसे थाखोआव लैखोनसंजानो हायोदि जेब्ला बेयाव गुदि गाग्लोबनाया मोनसे फाहामनाय दाथियो, आरो बेफोर बिदिनो Never in the history of mankind has so much untruth been told so often by so few to so many, for so long, at such a backbreaking fiscal and human cost. सुबुंमाहारिनि जारिमिनाव गोलाव समनि थाखाय एसेलनिफ्राय गोबांजों खनले खनलेयै माब्लाबो बांद्राय नंखाय बुंजायाखै, बेबायदि जोबोर गोब्राब राङारि आरो सुबुं बेसेनाव। The mythology of the whole field of cancerology is best summed up as colossal ignorance matched by over claiming, overdoing and overpromising. केनचारबिगियाननि गासै फोथारनि गोजाम बिगियाना बांदाबिनाय, बांमावनाय, आरो बांसमायलानायजों गोरोबहोजानाय गिदिर नेउसिनाय बायदि साबसिननै जथायजायो। Our ignorance starts with the apparently simple problem of defining cancer. जोंनि गियान-आंखाला केनसारखौ बर्नायनायनि रोखा रोखायै गोरलै जेंनाजों जागायो। Cancer experts over claim to breed illusions of knowledge of the cause of cancer. केनसार गोरों-सुबुंफोरा केनसारनि जाहोननि गियाननि नंखाय फोथायनायफोरखौ सोलोंथायहोनो बांद्राय दाबियो। Despite the fact that not one cause (including smoking), advanced by them as responsible for the occurrence of a cancer, has ever proved to be the sine qua non of that cancer, cancerology continues to hold everything under the sun, including the sun itself, as cancerogenic. केनसार जाहोनाय थाखाय दायनिगिरि महरै बिसोरजों जौगाहोजानाय मोनसेबो (सोबनायखौ लाफानानै) जाहोना बै केनसारनि जाथावना गैयि फोरमान जाफेराखै, केनसारबिगियाना गासैखौबो साननि सिङाव (सानखौ गावखौनो लाफानानै) हमगासिनो दं। The outcome of it all is cancerophobia, a disease (aptly described by Ingelfinger, the late editor of the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine as) as serious as cancer itself , and morally far more devastating. बे गासै जाउना केनसार'फबिया, केसारबादिनो गोब्राब मोनसे बेराम, आरो सरानस्रायै जोबोर बांसिन खैफोद गोनां (रोखायै सनमानगोनां निउ इंलेन्द जारनेल अफ मेदिसिननि रुंसारि सुजुगिरि इनजेलफिंगारजों बेखेवजानाय) Cancerologists overdo - overdiagnose and overtreat - because they refuse to accept the writing on the wall that no cancer can be diagnosed early enough, or can be treated to the point of a cure: the cancer therapist treats what he sees. केनसार'लजिस्तफोरा बांद्राय मावो- बांद्रायनायसङो आरो बांद्राय सिकितसाखालामो- मानोना बिसोरो इनजुराव लिरनाय मोनबो केनसारखौ सिगांआवनो संनो हाया, एबा हामनायनि बिनदुसिम फाहामजायाखौ आजावनो नासयो: केनसार थेरापिस्ता गाव जा नुयो सिकितसा खालामो। The illusion of a cure following therapy lies mainly in the patient not feeling the presence of cancer and / or the clinician not being able to detect it. थेरापिखौ बाहायनानै फाहामनायनि गुबैयै, केनसार थानाय मोनदाङै बेरामिनाव आरो एबा बेखौ संनो हायै फाहामगिरि The common symptoms of asthma are coughing, wheezing or a whistling noise in the chest, getting short of breath, a tight feeling in the chest. हाफानिनि सरासनस्रा लोइखोनफोरा जादों गुजुनाय, बिखायाव नेरनाय एबा थेरनाय सोदोब, हां थोनो थोनो मोननाय, बिखायाव सेरथे मोनदांनाय। It is most likely that, in terms of life expectancy, the chance of survival is no better with than without treatment, and there is the possibility that treatment may make the survival time of cancer cases less. जिव हासथायथिनि बेलायाव, बियो बांसिन जानो हाथाव दि, थांनाथानायनि खाबुया सिकितसा गैयैनिख्रुइ साबसिन नङा, आरो बैयाव जाथावना दं दि सिकितसाया केनसार बेरामिफोरनि थांनाथानाय समखौ खम खालामो। This cancer occurs just beneath the skin. बे केनसारा बिगुरनि थिक सिंआव जायो। Its natural history has been studied for centuries. बेनि मिथिंगायारि जारिमिना गोबां मुगा नायबिजिरजाबाय। It is one of the most amenable tumours to self-examination, clinical examination, staging, grading, hormone therapy, and what have you. बेयो गाव-आनजाद, क्लिनिकेल आनजाद, स्तेजिं, थाखो राननाय, हरमन थेरापि, आरो नोंहा मा दं निथाखाय मोनसे बांसिन बाहायजाथाव तिउमार। Breast cancer, as a paradigm, typifies the utter failure of cancerology. मोनसे बिदिनथि महरै, आबु केनसार, केनसार'ल'जिनि फुरा फेलें जानायखौ दिनथियो। Left to cancerologists, it never will. केनसारअलजिस्तफोरनाव थाबाय, बे माब्लाबाबो जानाय नङा। In a subtle way, cancer societies manipulate minds. सोलोगोनां लामायाव, केनसार समाजफोरा गोसोफोरखौ सोलायहोयो। The whole public image of cancerology, Burnet sums up, is one of humanitarianism, but not of biological scholarship. केनसारबिगियाननि गासै राइजोआरि सावगारिया, बुरनेत बुंफोरथिनाय, सुबुंथियारिनि मोनसे नाथाय जिबआरि पनदितआ नङा। The insurmountable reality about cancer is that it is not amenable to science, being, what Weinberg calls, trans-science. केनसारनि सोमोनदै नेउसिजायै सैथोथिया जादों दि बियो बिगियानजों अरजाथाव नङा, उइनबार्ग बुंनाय बिगियान-बादगाजों जाफानानै। All the accessible and analyzable facets of cancer - cell, tumour, treatment, cause and prevention, genetics, its very raison detre - for one reason or another, do not lend themselves to prediction by what we know or can do. केनसारनि मावनोहाथाव आरो नायसंजाथाव महरफोरा जिबख्रि, बेदर बारायनाय, सिकितसा, जाहोन आरो होबथानाय, जिनिटिकफोर, मोनसे जाहोन एबा गुबुनमोनसेनि थाखाय बेनि गोनां जाहोनफोरा, जों मोनथिनाय एबा मावनो हानाय आनदाजनि थाखाय गावसोरनोगाव होया। Asthma can start at any age. हाफानिया जायखिजाया बैसोआव जानोहायो। Set below are the various points / counterpoints vis-a-vis each of the above facets. गाहायाव होनायफोरा गोबां बिबांफोर/गुबुन बिबांफोर, जेरै गोजौनि मोनफ्रोमबो साबाहागो। Cancer Cell Put in Shakespearean style: a cancer cell is, for a person,an ill-favoured thing, sir (Mr Researcher), but mine own. केनचार सेल, सेक्सपिरियान महरआव दोनजानाय: मोनसे केनचार सेला सासे मानसिनि थाखाय, मोनसे गोरोबथावि मुवा, मानिनां (मुस्रि नायबिजिरगिरि), नाथाय आंनि असे। It, therefore, emerges and multiplies like any other cell, and it falls prey to cytotoxic agents - drugs, X-rays - with no greater willingness than other normal cells of the body. बेयो बेनि थाखायनो, जिखुनुजा गुन जिबख्रि बायदि नुजायो आरो सानजाबो, आरो बेयो सायट'टकसिक थानदैनि मैहुराव गोग्लैयो-मुलिफोर, एक्स-रेफोर- देहानि गुबुन मोजां जिबख्रिफोरनिख्रुइ बांसिन गोसो होनाय गैयालाबानो। By this one feature of selfsameness, the cancer cell has as it were cured itself, once and for ever, of any selective action by radiotherapy or chemotherapy. बे गावारि एखेथिनि मोनसे महरजों,केनसार जिबख्रिया जेरै हारसिङैनो बेयो खनसे आरो जेब्लायनि थाखाय हामदोंमोन, रेदिय'थेराफि एबा खेम'थेराफिजोंनि जिखुनुजा मोनसे सायखजाथाव खामानि। A cancer cell carries in itself an indelible stamp of its own uniqueness - rendering itself neither susceptible to a specific drug nor preventable by a vaccine. केनसार जिबख्रिया गावानो-गाव गावनि गुबुनगोयै होखारनो हायै नेरसोनखौ लाफायो- गावखौनो गाव थि मुलिजों खहा खालामजाथावआ एबा टिकाजों होबथावजाया। Cancer cells are, in the human or animal body, in an inexhaustible supply. केनसार जिबख्रिफोरा, सुबुं एबा जुनार मोदोमाव, जोबनोरोङै जगायनायाव थायो। It is little wonder that patients with acute leukaemia, even when bombarded with heavy doses of cell poisons over protracted periods, are never free of leukaemia cells. बियो इसे सोमोनांथाव दि गोख्रों लिउकेमिया गोनां बेरामिफोरा, गोबाव समनि थाखाय जिबख्रि बिसफोरनि गोबां फालिफोरजों जाबसिनजासेआवबो, लिउकेमिया जिबख्रिनिफ्राय माब्लाबाबो उदां जाया। This is a classic example of the cancer realistic fact that whilst some cancer cells can be destroyed, a cancer itself cannot be. बेयो मोनसे केनसार नङगुबै बाथ्रानि मोनसे गोजाम बिदिनथि दि, जेब्ला माखासे केनसार जिबख्रिफोरा फोजोबस्रां जानो हागौ, नाथाय केनसार हारसिंयैनो खालामजाया। A cancer cells faculty of leaving its site of origin and migrating elsewhere is predetermined, individualistic, and unpredictable. गावनि जाजेननायनि जायगाखौ नागारनानै आरो गुबुन मोनसायाव बारस्लायनाया मोनसे केनचार सेलनि थाखाय थिखालामखानाय, गावनिल’ आरो सिगांनो बुंग्रोनो हायै गोहो। The uncertainty and individuality surrounding a cancer cell rule out the creation of a cancer-cell-model. केनसार जिबख्रिखौ बेंखननाय सनदेह' आरो गावारिय़ा केनसार-जिबख्रि-मदेल दानायखौ बाद होयो। A trigger is anything that irritates the airways and causes the symptoms of asthma to appear. जाहोना जिखुनुजा जाय हांलामाफोरखौ मानहोयो आरो हाफानिनि नेरसोनखौ नुजाहोयो। Like matter, a cancer cell defies being defined. जेरै बाथ्रा, 157 केनचार सेला ओंथि बेखेवजानायखौ नेवसियो। The best we can do is to paraphrase an academic circumlocution on matter. जों साबसिनै खालामनो हागोना बाथ्रा 158खौ फरायसालि जेथोगोनां बाथ्राखौ फोरमायफिननो। Cancer cell is, what it is, For it does, what it does, and it does, what it does; For it is, what it is. केनसार जिबख्रिआ बेनो, मा बेयो, मानोना बेयो खालामो, माखौ बे खालामो आरो बेयो खालामो, माखौ बे खालामो; मानोना बेयो, मा बेयो । The above lines amplify Smither's generalization that a cancer cell is no distinct structural entity, but an organ of behaviour. गोजोनि बुंजानायफोर स्मिथारनि सरासनस्राआ फेहेरो दि, केनसारनि जिबख्रिआ मोनसा गुबुन दाथाय सिनायथि नङा, नाथाय मोनसे आखलनि अंगोसो। The same could be said of the overall phenomenon of cancer. केनसारनि गासै गोमोथाव नुथायआ एखेआनो बुंजानो हागौ। The aim of tumour research (clinical cancer research) is, a la Kipling, to know the what, why, when, how, where and who of tumour formation, in a patient with cancer. बेदर-बारायनाय नायबिजिरनायनि थांखिआ, आ ला किपलिंग, केनसार गोनां बेरामिनाव बेदर-बारायनायनि जानायनि मा, मानो, माब्ला, माब्रै, बहा आरो सोरखौ मिनथिनो। A clinician, with all his gadgets, is only wiser after the event. सासे फाहामगिरिआ गावनि गासैबो जनत्रफोरजों, जाथाइनि उनाव ल गोरोंसिन। For him to know the when of a tumour is impossible whether the patient presents himself for the first time, or after having been treated. बिनि थाखाय बेदुद-बारायनायनि मब्लाया मिनथिनो जाथावै, बेरामिया गिबि समनि थाखाय एबा सिकितसानि खालामजानायनि उनाव गावखौनोगाव दिनथियो। All experienced pathologists know that every tumour exhibits its own individuality of microscopic structure. गासैबो रोंमोनदांथिगोनां बेराम-बिगियानगिरिफोरा मिनथियो दि मोनफ्रोमबो बेदर-बारायनाया माइक्रसकपिक दाथायनि गावनि असे गावआरिखौ दिनथिफुङो। The why and how belongs to acausalism, canceration and tumour-formation being integral parts of life. मानो आरो माबोरैया केजुएलिजोम,केनचारेसन आरो तिउमार-जानायाव थायो, जिउनि गोनांथार बाहागो जानायखाय। Everyone's asthma is different and you will probably have several triggers. साफ्रोमबोनि हाफानिआ जुदा आरो नोंहा गोबां जाहोनफोर थानो हागौ। Much as a Үormal cell and all its manifestations are a mystery to us, so are a cancer cell and its manifestations. जेरै मोनसे मोजां सेल आरो बेनि गासै फोरमायथिनाया जोंनि थाखाय गोमोथाव बेदिनो केनचार सेल आरो बेनि फोरमायथिफोरा। The what, where and who are predictable certainties at the herd level, but only probabilities at the individual level. मा, बहा आरो सोरफोरा फालो थाखोआव थि आदासखआलामथाव, नाथाय सुबुं थाखोआवल जानोहाथाव। The epidemiologic concept of probability can be best amplified by acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, a form of blood cancer. जानोहाथावनि मारिख-बेराम सानदांथिआ थै केनसारनि मोनसे रोखोम, गोख्रों लिमफ'ब्लासतिक लिउकेमिआया साबसिननै फेहेरजायो। Globally, it occurs at the rate of two or three cases per 100,000 populations per year with little variation from country to country. बुहुमनाङै, हादोर निफ्राय हादोरसिम इसे सोलाय-सोल जों बोसोरफ्रोमबो मोनफ्रोम100,000 सुबुंअनजिमायाव बेयो मोनै एबा मोनथाम जाथायफोरनि हाराव सोमजियो। An earlier event in this sequence is not necessarily followed by the next one. बे थाखो फारिनि सिगांनि जाथाइआ गोनां नङादि उननिजों सोलोंगानांगौ। The scare-mongering statistics by cancer societies are generally based on the assumed invariable progression along the above sequence of events. केनसार समाजफोरजों सिरिमोनखांहोनाय-फोसावजानाय स्तेत्सित्किफोरा सरासनस्रायै जाथाइनि गोजोउनि थाखो फारिजों लोगोसे सोलायजायै जैगानायाव सोनारो। The lack of such inevitable progression, in fact, invalidates the so-called animal-tumour- model used in the laboratory so far. बिदि एंगारहायै जैगाथावनि खमजानाया, गुबैआव, जुनार-बेदर बारायनाइ-मडेल बुंजानाय दासिम लेब'रेथरिआव बाहायजानायखौ सोलियै खालामो। The cardinal error of the cancer-must-be-treated dogma is the assumption that a patient survives or feels better because of and not despite the treatment. केनचारनि गाहाय गोरोनथिया फाहामजानांगोन। द’गमाया फोथायजानायबाथ्रा दि सासे बेरामिया थाङो एबा साबसिन मोनो मानोना .....आरो फाहामनायनि अनगायैबो। A surgeon who paid a heavy price for such a dogma depicted his experiences in a personal account of the after-effects of the modern treatment of carcinoma. सासे सारजन जाय दगमा बायदिनि थाखाय गोबां बेसेन होदोंमोन कारकिन'मानि गोदान सिकितसानि उन-जाउनफोरनि गावआरि एकाउन्ताव बेनि रोंमोनदांथिफोरखौ फोरमायदोंमोन। This 1938 article has undiminished relevance in 1994. केनसार थेरापिनि जेबो राहाया कनसारखौ सोखानो हाया, गासैबो बेनि संजाथाव रोखा लोइखोनखौ गागलोबो। All therapies come on the scene when the silent spread of cancer is a fait accompli. केनसार, जिखुनु बैसैआव जायामानो,बियो मोनसे गुबै फारिखानथि जाय थैनायनि जाथावथावखौ बांहोयो, बियो सासे नै बोसोरनि गथनावनो जा एबा दाइनजि बोसोरनि मानसिनाव। Successes gained in test tubes have remained restricted to the test tubes only. थासारि महरै, बिसोरनि थासारिफोरा एखे नुनाय बायदि मोनो। The implication is that one would have done these men no favour by treating them for a disease that was not causing them any problem'. अब्लाबो, बेयो मोनसे जोबोरैनो जौगानाय दारिमिनारि रासायनिक कारखाना। It makes it clear that cancerology has been searching for a cause that never was. केनसारा नायबिजिरजायो नाथाय बुजिनायनि थाखो। What has no cause can have no prevention either. केनसारा त्रान्स साइनतिफिक। Cancer is an eminent vertebrate feature that functions at the herd level, mediated by multifactorila inheritance. केनसारा सासेनि गावनि मोदोम आरो थैनिफ्रायनो जाखाङो। The unreasoning dictates of heredity have been epitomized in the Gaussian dictum - Damnosa hereditas. केनसार थेरापिफोरा जिउखौ साबसिनाव लाबोनो हागौ, नाथाय थांनायखौ फोलावा, जिखुनुजा माब्ला आरो मारै होआ मानो। It is the corporate gene pool of a herd that determines which type of cancer - nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese populations and leukaemia in Jews, around the world - would occur, in which individuals of the herd, and at what different ages. केनसारनि बोराय बोनाय हुदाया बिखौ बयनिबो गेजेराव मोनसे गोबां सिगां थैनायनि गोहोम खोख्लैग्रायाव दोनो; बोराय बोनाय हुदाया केनसारखौ मोनसे गोनांथार गाज्रि फारिखानथि महरै नागारो। The occurrence of cancer in an individual person is governed not just by his genes but by their corporate interaction with the herd gene pool, a realization that makes cancer not a matter of heredity but heredity (herd-ity), and a phenomenon most certainly beyond the ken of genetics - to be candid, trans-genetics. केनसार, जिखुनु बैसैआव जायामानो,बियो मोनसे गुबै फारिखानथि जाय थैनायनि जाथावथावखौ बांहोयो, बियो सासे नै बोसोरनि गथनावनो जा एबा दाइनजि बोसोरनि मानसिनाव। Modern genetics has given up its one-gene-one-character concept, accepting that a single character is controlled by many genes, and vice versa. केनसारा गावनि गोबां महरफोराव, बियो बुजिनो हाथाव आरो बिनि आखला फालो थाखोआव आनदास खालामजाथाव। Which of a human cell's 100,000 genes controls the conversion of such a cell into a cancerous one is unknown, more so since the precise definition of gene itself is unknown. केनसार'ल'जिहा मानसि आरो जुनार थासारिजों सोमोनदो गोनां जेबो केनसार-थेरापि-मदेल गैयो। Any attempts at locating cancer gene/s are fraught with problems that are beyond the science of genetics. बेबायदिनो केनचार’लजिआ मोननै-खोनदो जरखाथिखौ मोगा-मोगि खालामो, मोनसेआ गावयारिनि जायनि जिबआरि-बिगियान ट्रेजेक्टरिया थिखालामजाखायो आरो आनदाजखालामजायै आरो गुबुना केनचारनि। Surgery can promote the spread of cancer, most other therapies promote the occurrence. केनसारा गावनि गोबां महरफोराव, बियो बुजिनो हाथाव आरो बिनि आखला फालो थाखोआव आनदास खालामजाथाव। Burnet has alluded to the current illusion that what can happen in E.Coli can also be made to happen in an elephant. केनसार'ल'जिनि मोजांथार सिमाया बेनि गावनि लेजित मतिफखौ नेवसिनाया- केनसारनि जिबख्रि। Cure of cancer through gene- manipulation is as tall an order as that. गोथौ केनचार नायबिजिरनायनो मोनथाम गुनफोर नांगौ- गुबुन जुनारफोरजों समान मानाव मानसिखौ गनायनायनि अनगोसो, सासे गियानिनि गुवार नाजानाय आरो बेफोर मोननैनिफ्राय, थैनाय आरो थांनाथानायनि मोनसे बाहागो महरै केनसारखौ नाजावनाय। Raison d'etre of CancerThe late Leslie Foulds emphasized the need for contemplative research on cancer - to understand it more, than to conquer it. जिननि मेनिपुलेसनजों केनसार फाहामनाया बै बायदिनो गोजौ आरो थि। The truth is that we already have more "facts" than anybody knows what to do with. बिनि गावनि बेरेखायै दाबिफोर खालामसेआवबो, केनसार'लजिया बिगियान नङा। And the incontrovertible facts that we do have, are enough to carry us all towards an understanding of cancer. बिनि गावनि बेरेखायै दाबिफोर खालामसेआवबो, केनसार'लजिया बिगियान नङा। The result, therefore of all this research has been essentially unhelpful towards the elucidation either of the cause or the cure of cancer. थासारि महरै, बिसोरनि थासारिफोरा एखे नुनाय बायदि मोनो। Contemplative cancer research requires three qualities - the humility to consider man on par with other animals, the comprehensive approach of a generalist and from these two, the acceptance of cancer as a part of living, and dying. फ्रोमबो समाव, जेब्ला केनसारा सोमजियो, गोदान जिब ओंखआरो - मोनसे गोदान रोखोमा जेयै बे बायदियै, गोदान रुजुथावयै आरो जाफिनथावयै। Cancer is researchable, but only at the level of understanding. फऔल्डफोरा केनसारनि 'मिलिटारि तेरमिन'लजिनि' मिथिजानाय बाहानायखौ दुखु-खालामबाय, जेरै बेखौ बुथारग्रा, दानस'ग्रा, सुथ्रु आरो बायदि बायदि बुंनानै। Environmentally, their conditions appear to be the same. फऔल्डफोरा बेफोर बायदि गिबि-हाबाफारिखै फोरमायहरो जुनार जिउजों मावफुंनायनि सिगांआव मिमांसा बायदि । What is so interesting is that we find some cancers more common in certain groups of people than in other groups living in almost identical circumstances. होजानाय बेफोर गासै उदायै सिमनाफोर, बेयो बुजिनो गोरलै केनचारअलजिआ मानो केनचारनि हेंथायै जेबो मावनो हायाखै आरो हानाय नङा, बेखौ बाइअ-फिन’मेन’न महरै फरायनाय अनगायै। Cancer therapies may ease life, but do not prolong survival, no matter given when and how. केनसार'ल'जिहा मानसि आरो जुनार थासारिजों सोमोनदो गोनां जेबो केनसार-थेरापि-मदेल गैयो। Summarizing, one could say that cancer is, even at the human level, a discernible universal feature that is independent of the presumed cancerogens, and is impartial in its global sway. जुदि बेयो बिनि हाबाफारिनि मोनसे बाहागो नङा, रावबो बेखौ सोमजिहोनो हाया आरो रावबो बेखौ होबथानो हाया। Though you drive Nature out with a pitch-fork, she will find her way back to triumph in stealth over your foolish contempt. बोराय मानसिनाव, गोबां, गुरै, एबा नेमनि, बोरायबोनाय सम फारिखानथिफोरा जयै गिलुबालु जाउनगोनां दिहुनो। The intrinsicality of cancer implies that it is the individual's developmental programme that determines whether a cancer would occur. गुबैआव, बेनि जाथावथाव थैनायनि फोजौनायनि हाबाया बांसिन गोब्राब जेब्ला बेयो उनदै सुबुंखौ गागलोबो। If it is not a part of his programme, nothing can cause it; if it is, nothing can prevent it. क्रनिख लिउकेमिया आरो आबु केनसारनि caseआव, थैनायनि बिबांआ बेरामनि समनिफ्राय उदां। Cancer springs from one's own flesh and blood. पर्टमाननि रावआव, जुनार जिवा खोथिया आरो दावदैनि जजों सोमजियो, बेनि गुदि जाजेननायनिफ्राया महरहोनाय सम। This very fact renders the above Horatian aphorism relevant to human cancer. बेयाव सुबुं गावखौनोगाव थायो। All therapies put together cannot drive out Nature, manifesting itself as human cancer. बेयो फारिखानथि थाखाय खैयो जाय थार, खहागोनां आरो जौगानाय आरो जाय जेब्ला गथ'आ थांना दंमोन होफाजाबहोबाय थैनायनि बांनाय जाथावथावनो। Man and animals are four-dimensional entities, with time as the fourth dimension. बेयो फालोनि जिन फुल जाय मा रोखोमनि केनसारखौ थिरांथा खालामो -साइनिस सुबुंफोराव नेसअफेरेनजिएल कारसिन'मा आरो जिउसफोरनाव लिउकेमिया, बुहुमनि सोरगिदिं - जानो हागौ,जेराव फालोनि सुबुंफोर, आरो माबो गुबुन बैसोआवए In the words of Portmann, animal life, from its very start as a zygote formed by the union of the sperm and the ovum, is configured time. बे समानो- केनचारनि सामलायथि जाय सासे जिब्रै बोसोर बैसो हौवासा एबा सासे गुजि-ब्रै बोसोर बैसो मानसिनि आदार नोलि केनचार जानायखौ थिरांखालामो। Put simply, all bodily changes of growth and decay occur along a pre- set programme, the programme unfolding with the passage of time. बेयो बेखौ रोखा खालामो दि केनसारअलजिआ जाहोनखौ नागिरगासिनोदंमोन जाय गैआनोमोन। In the case of chronic lymphatic leukaemia and breast cancer, the mortality rate is independent of the duration of disease. बेबायदिनो केनचार’लजिआ मोननै-खोनदो जरखाथिखौ मोगा-मोगि खालामो, मोनसेआ गावयारिनि जायनि जिबआरि-बिगियान ट्रेजेक्टरिया थिखालामजाखायो आरो आनदाजखालामजायै आरो गुबुना केनचारनि। It is this time-governedness of cancer which determines the occurrence of an esophageal cancer in a boy aged fourteen years, or a man, aged ninety-four years. जनसआ ओंथि खालामै देहासास्त्र सोमोनदै खानथिफोरखौ गुसुङै मुंख'बाय जाय जब्रानि थैनाय दिउनो आरो बिजों लोगोसे, केनसारनि। The time of such occurrence is normally distributed. गुबुन जुनारफोरनि आमायथुख'ल जिबख्रिफोरा एखेयै आखुदिनथियो आरो नुयो; केनसार जिबख्रिफोरा नङा। Portmann, talking of insect metamorphosis, observes that the specific formation of the mature organism is prefigured in the egg, though in what way we do not yet know,' लर्ड प्लाटनि अटबाय'ग्राफि फ्रायवेत आरो कनत्रभार्सियेला गोदान-मुगानि मुलैखौ 'माब्रै एंगारनो' आव उसिफावो। Foulds refers to such pre-programming by animal life as a decision in advance of performance. मानसि आरो जिनारफोरा मोनब्रै-गोजौ गावथामोनथिफोर, समजों ब्रैथि जखा बायदि। Cancer is a temporal process, its programme already embedded in an individual and manifesting itself on the aging of the individual. ख्रनिक लेउकएमिया गोनां गोबां गेदेर सुबुंफोरा बे बेरामजों थैयो। The pre-programming is once again akin to what Foulds describes as the general phenomena of decision in advance of performance, both affirmatively and negatively. गोदान गेनेटिक्सा से-जिन-से-आखु सानदांथिखौ नागारबाय, मानिनालानानै दि मोनसे आखुआ गोबां जिनजों दबथायजायो, आरो उलथा-उलथियै। The former is exemplified by a puritanical non-smoker ending up with a lung-cancer and the latter by a chain smoker smoking his way joyfully into his nineties without any cancer, of the lung or elsewhere. मुंसिफ बमबेनि सारजना, मावदिनथिनो मोजांमोनो दि, सासे मोजां सारजना जाय मिथिगौ माब्ला अपारेत खालामनांआ। A corollary of cancer being a part of the temporal unfolding of an individual is that like the unidirectional time-arrow, it is irreversible. थिखोनाला दि कार्रेला जैबनि थैस्रांनायनि बारै राइलाइयो, नाथाय आदाब आरो rhythmफोरा जैबनि गावनि गुनफोरजों थिरांथा-खालाम जायो। Senescence takes a generally similar form in each species, whether judged by the physico-chemical changes in collagen, the incidence of degenerative changes in blood vessels or the high incidence of malignant disease. दा, सासे गथ' केनसारजों थैगासिनो दंआ बोरायबोनाय सम फारिखानथिजों थैयो। The essence surely is that there is a genetic "programme in time" laid down for each species. सिकितसाखालामजानाय आरो तिकितसाखालजायै केसारफोरनि गुवार थांनाथानाय तथ्यनि बादिब्ला, वातारहाउसा बिथोनहोनो थुलुंगाखांहोजादोंमोनदि केनसार बेरामसंनाया सासे मानसिखौ बिनि जिउआव इनसुरेन्सखौ मोनैखालामनो नङा। Thus it is reasonable to expect that even a very effective chemotherapeutic agent would not improve the survival of patients with either of these diseases; indeed, it has so far not been possible to demonstrate any effect of chemotherapy on survival. केनसार'ल'जिनि मोजांथार सिमाया बेनि गावनि लेजित मतिफखौ नेवसिनाया- केनसारनि जिबख्रि। There must be a biological clock and a means by which a series of processes can be made to occur earlier or later according to the expediencies of evolutionary survival. केनसार गोनां बेराममिफोर, थैखायो, बेजों नङाब्लाबो गावनि केनसारजोंनो। The pantrajectorial occurrence of cancer, from intra-uterine life to old age in man, has prevented it from being called a senescent process, as such a process for reasons etymologic, is expected to occur only in a senile individual. एमफौ मेतामरफसिस रायज्लायनाय पर्तमेना नायसङोदि रानाय जिबनि थि दाथाया बिदैयाव आगुमहरमोनखायो, जुदिबो मा राहाजों जायो जों दाबो मोनथिया। Senescence has been defined as an intrinsic process that increases the probability of the death of an individual. ओरैनो सो, जासैबो दाहायारि सोलायनायनि देरनाय Cancer, at whatever age it occurs, is an intrinsic process that increases the probability of death, whether it be in a child of two years or in a man of eighty years. केनचारनि रायसन दि-एत्रि: रुंसारि लेसलि फोवलद्सा केनचारनि गोथौ नायबिजिरनायनि गोनांथिखौ जरहोदोंमोन- बेखौ देरहासार होनायनिख्रुइ, बेखौ बांसिन बुजिहोनो। In fact, its function of heightening the probability of death is more severe when it affects a young individual. सोदोबबिगियानारियै, गिगिना मोनथिनायखौ ओंथिफोरमायो, मावनायखौ नङा। In an old person, multiple, mild or moderate senescent processes produce an effectively lethal aggregate. बोरायनाया मोनसे जोलैयारि बिखानथि महरै बेखेवजादों जाय सासे सुबुंनि थैनायनि जाथावथिखौ बांहोयो। Strehler has put down, as criteria of senescence, intrinsicality, progressiveness and deleteriousness. बोरायनाया सरासनस्रायै मोनफ्रोमबो जिबिफोरनावनो एखे महर लायो, कलेजेनाव देहा-रासाइनारि सोलायनायजोंनोजा, थै रोदाफोराव सोमजियै सोलोयथायफोरनि जाथायजोंनोजा एबा सिलिगनेन्त बेरामनि गोजौ जाथायजोंनो जा। Now, a child dying of cancer dies of a senescent process. बोरायनायनि नेम महरै, जोलैयारियै, स्त्रेहलारा जौगासारनाय आरो खहाजानायखौ खमायबाय। It dies of a process that was intrinsic, deleterious and progressive and which when the child was alive had contributed to the increased probability of death. आनजाद नोलिफोराव मोननाय देरहासारनाया आनजाद नोलिफोरावल' सिमनाजानानै थाबाय। Summarizing, the hypothesis that cancer is an intrinsic, time- governed, senescent process is a gestalt view on the nature of cancer. जथायनानै, सासे मानसिया बुंनो हायोदि, मानसिनि बेलायावबो, केनसारा मोनसे मोनदांहाथाव सरासनस्रा आखु जाय हमनालाखानाय केनसर'जेनफोरनिफ्राय उदां आरो बेनि भुमनां गोहोमथियाव इमपारसिएल। This point was recently reemphasized for acute myeloblastic leukaemia of adults. गोथौ केनचार नायबिजिरनायनो मोनथाम गुनफोर नांगौ- गुबुन जुनारफोरजों समान मानाव मानसिखौ गनायनायनि अनगोसो, सासे गियानिनि गुवार नाजानाय आरो बेफोर मोननैनिफ्राय, थैनाय आरो थांनाथानायनि मोनसे बाहागो महरै केनसारखौ नाजावनाय। The intrinsicness does not admit of a cancerogen. केनसारा मोनसे जौलैयारि, सम थिखानाय, बोरायनाय बिखानथि बे हाप'थेसिसखौ जथायनाया केनसारनि आखुयाव मोनसे जेसताल्त बिबुंथि। The temporal nature accounts for the occurrence of cervical cancer in a young girl, and in a woman of seventy years; the time-governedness does not permit regression of cancer, a corollary fully substantiated by cancerology; the temporal nature allows the so-called cancerogen to be, more truly, a cancer-preponer. सारजारि खालामनाया केनसारनि गोसारनायखौ बांहोनो हागौ, गुबुन गोबां थेरापिफोरा सोमजानायखौ बांहोयो। Cancer's senescent nature places it as one of the numerous pre-death forces; the senescent nature excludes cancer as being necessarily a lethal process. केनसार जिबख्रिया आरोबाव मोनसे आगान थाङो। Foulds has deplored the popular usage of military terminology' for cancer, like calling it killer, slayer, enemy and so on. केनसार जानाय आरो फाहामजाथावा मोनसे बेबादि सोंलु। The compelling reason for not calling cancer by such epithets is the confounding fact that, so often, an evident cancer cannot be held responsible for a person's death. केनसारखौ बेबादि गाज्रियै मुंखनाङैनि बाध्यगोनां जाहोना गोनोगोथो बाथ्रादि, गोबां समाव, मोनसे फोरमानगोनां केनसारा सासे मानसि थैनायनि थाखाय दायनिगिरि खालामजाया। On the basis of vast survival data of cancers treated and untreated, Waterhouse was inspired to suggest that the diagnosis of cancer should not deprive a person of the benefit of insurance on his life. थारै गोनांथिया जादोंदि बेवहाय मोनफ्रोमबो जिबिफोरनि थाखाय दोनजानाय मोनसे फोलेरारि "समाव हाबाफारि" दं। Many an older individual with chronic leukaemia dies with the disease. केनसारनि जोलैयारिया फोरमायोदि बेयो गावयारिनि जौगालु हाबाफारि जाय केनसार जागोनखौ थिखालामो। Jones has alluded to the undefined physiological systems that produce death of the patient, and along with him or her, of the cancer. जोलैयारिया मोनसे केसार'जेनखौ सिनायथिहोया। They have nothing to do with human or animal cancers. जिननि मेनिपुलेसनजों केनसार फाहामनाया बै बायदिनो गोजौ आरो थि। Cancer is Trans-scientific. सानदांथि महरै, गोनांथियै केनसारा संजायै आरो सिकितसाखालामजायै, बे गियाना जोंखौ केनसाराव मावनङै फारसे नारहरनो हागौ। The liver cell is more like a typical cell, with no morphological features that make it extraordinary. लिभार जिबख्रिखौ बेवहाय केनसार जिबख्रिनि थाखाय बानायजानाय पइन्त स्मितारखौ गोहोखोखलैनो फोरमायनायजादों- मोननैहाबो होबथाथाव दाथायारि थाथायफोर गैया, आरो आखुनि अंगफोरल'। Yet, it is an extremely advanced industrial chemical plant. लिभार जिबख्रिया जानोहागौ मोनसे नेरसोनगोनां जिबख्रि, जेबो मरफ'लजिकेल आखुफोर गैयालाबोनो जाय बेखौ सरासनस्रानङै खालामो। The liver cell has been cited here to emphasis the point Smithers made about the cancer cell - both have no definable structural entities, and are only organs of behaviour. केनसारनि नुजानाया गावआरि सुबुंनाव बिनि जिनस जोंल' सालायजाया नाथाय बिसोरनि फालो जिन फुलजों आइन राइज्लायदावनाय, मोनसे आनदास-मोनदांनाय जाय केनसारखौ फोलेरनि बाथ्रा ल बानाया, नाथाय फोलेर आरो सोमोनांथाव जाथाय, बांसिनैनो जेनेतिक्सनि बंस'नि भायराखा -रोखायै त्रानस-जेनेतिक्स। Liver cells from different animals look and behave similarly; cancer cells don't. आगु-हाबाफारिया आरो खनसे एखेबाव मावफुंनायनि जौगानायाव सरासनस्रा गोमोथाव नुथाय थिरांथानि जेरै फाउल्द बिजिरनायफोरजों, मोममैबो नंगौयै बुंनाय आरो नङैयै। Every time a cancer is formed, speciation occurs - a new species is formed as it were, unprecedented, unparalleled and unrepeatable. बेनिखायनो बे नायबिजिरनायनि गासै जाउना, केनसारनि जाहोन एबा फाहामनाय मोननैनि गेजेराव मोनसेयावबो बेखेवनाय फारसे गाहायै खामानियावगैयैमोन। Cancerology's outstanding limitation is its ignorance on its legit motif - the cancer cell. संसारारि मिथिंगाया सासे उनदै हिनजावसा, आरो सासे स्निजि बोसोरनि आयजोनाव गोदोना केनसारनि नुजाथिनायनि थाखाय हिसाब खालामो; सम-सामलायग्राया केनसारनि सिगांनि अबस्थायाव थांफिननो गनायथि होया, केनसार’ल’जि जों आबुङै फोरमान खालामजानाय मोनसे करलेरि; संसारारि मिथिंगाया केनसार’जेन होनना बुंनायखौ, थारैनो बांसिन, मोनसे केनसार-प्रेपनेर जेरै गनायथि होयो। Weinberg calls a question trans-scientific' when it can be asked of science, but which cannot be answered by science; such a question transcends science. बेबायदि नुजाथिनायनि समआ सरासनस्रायै रानजानाय। The causality / curability of cancer are one such question. सैथोआ जादों दि सोरबाया बेजों मा मा मावनांगौखौ मिथिनायनिख्रुइ जोंहा सिगाङावनो गोबां ‘थारबाथ्रा’फोर दंखायो। This dissociation may be realized from the fact that natural or autochthonous cancer is 100% resistant to the drugs that are 100% effective against the so-called transplanted cancer. बिनि गावनि बेरेखायै दाबिफोर खालामसेआवबो, केनसार'लजिया बिगियान नङा। Despite its claims to the contrary, cancerology is a non-science. गाउसियान दिकताम-दामनसा हेरेदितासाव बंस’नि जुक्टिगैयै बिथोनहोनायफोरा सुंद’ खालायजादों। When the organism is incapable of resistance, as in cancer, it is being destroyed at a rhythm and in a manner determined by its own properties. फारिजौगाआरि थांनाथानायनि बानजायनायनि मथै बेयाव मोनसे जिबआरि बिगियान घरि आरो मोनसे राहा थाथारनांगोन जायजों फारिखानथिफोरनि थाखोफोरा सिगां एबा उन ओंखारहोनो हायो। Disease is a personal event. बिसोरहा सुबुं एबा जुनारनि केसारफोरजों जेबो सोमोनदो गैया। It consists of the individual himself. सासे मानसिनि थांना थानायाव केनसारनो बेयो मोनसे गोनां बाहागो गनायथि होयो, बेनाव दायगोनां आसि दिनथियाबोलानो- नोंनो बुथारग्राया! This statement by Alexis Carrel adds a further individualistic note to the trans-scientific' nature of cancer. बे समाजनिफ्राय खालामजानाया बुजिजायो थार बाथ्रानिफ्राय दि मिथिंगायारि एबा Note that Carrel talks of the organism's destruction, but the manner and the rhythm are determined by the organism's own properties. आइन दानाय फारसे बे जांथिथाया मुलियाव गोहो बारायगासिनो दं। Cancerology thus faces a two-fold uniqueness - of the individual whose biological trajectory is predetermined and unpredictable, and that of the cancer. बे बाथ्राया बैसोगोराफोरनि गोख्रों माइएल’ब्लासथिक लिउकेएमियानि थाखाय बावैसो आरोबाव जर होनानै बुंजादोंमोन। Towards studying the causation of cancer, cancerology has never been able to cause' a cancer when the cells or the animals had decided otherwise. केनसारनि ‘थ्रेन्स-गोनोखोआरि’ मिथिंगायाव एलेगजिस केरेल दारै बे फोरमायनाया एसे बांसिन गावआरि सुंद’ बिबुंथि दाजाबदेरो। Whenever it has claimed to cause' a cancer, the fallacy has been of post hoc, ergo propter hoc. बे जोबोद थार बाथ्राया गोजौनि हरेसियान एफरिजोमा सुबुं केनसारजों सोमोनदोगोनां फोरमायो। Given all these crippling limitations, it is easy to understand why cancerology has not been and will not be able to do anything against cancer, except studying it as a bio phenomenon. नों मिथिंगाखौ हुखेनजों बोखारना गारहरब्लाबो, बियो गुमुरै नोंनि जामबा हिन साननाय सायाव गावनि जैजानायसिम राहा मोनफिनगोन। Cancerology has no cancer-therapy-model bearing relevance to the human or animal situation. बेरामा मोनसे गावारि हाबासो। Cancer, in many of its facets, is comprehensible, and its behaviour is predictable at a herd level. बेनिखायनो हासथायनो बेयो जुक्तिगोनां दि जोबोर जाउनगोनां केमथेरापिउतिक थानदैया बे मोनसेबो बेरामफोरजों बेरामिनि थांनायखौ साबसिन खालामनो हाया; गमामायै, बेहा थांनायनि सायाव केमथेरापिनि जायखिदाया जाउनखौ रोखायै दिनथिनो दासिम हाथावजायाखैमोन। Science, etymologically means knowing, not doing. गोजौखौ गोथ्रों खालामनो, कोलितन प्रसथेतिक केनसार सायाव मोनसे फरायनायखौ गुसुङैमख’यो, दिनथिदों दि गोबां प्रसथेतिक केनसारआनो बेनि लांथिंग्राखौ जिंगासिया। Cancer is not trans-science if we aim at understanding it. केमसारनि सोमजिहोनाय फरायनाय फारसेथिं, केनसार’ल’जिआ मालाब्लाबो केनसार 'जाहोन' जाहोनो हायाखै गुबुन फारसेयै जिबख्रि एबा जुनारफोरा थिरां खालामखाबाय । The knowledge that cancer is essentially non-diagnosable and non-treatable can, as a concept, propel us towards not doing in cancer. उइनर्बागआ सोंनायखौ ‘थ्रेन्स-गोनोखोआरि’ बुङो जेब्ला बेयो बिगियाननि सोंनाय सोंजायो, नाथाय जाय बिगियानजों फिननाय होयाया; बेबायदि सोंनाया बिगियानखौ जौसिनजाहोयो। Munsif, an eminent Bombay surgeon, was fond of aphorizing that, a good surgeon is one who knows when not to operate. जायहा जाहोन गैया बेहा फाहामथायबो थानो हाया। What medical man needs to learn, in today's technicalized scene, is when not to act. जोबोद गोसो रंजालिया जाबाय दि गुबुन दोलोफोराव फ्रायै रोखोमसे जाथायफोराव थानायनिख्रुइ सुबुंनि नंगुबै दोलोफोराव जों खायसे केनसारखौ बांसिन सरासनस्रा मोनदों। This movement towards inaction in medicine is gaining momentum आथिखालनि आरोंदायारि नुथायाव, मेदिकेलनि सुबुङा सोलोंनो गोनाङानो जादों, माब्ला आखु दिनथिनाङा। Lord Platt's autobiography Private and Controversial abounds in how to avoid' modern medicine. केनसाराव जेरै, देहायारिजिबा बेरेखाखालमनो हायै जाब्ला, बियो गावनो गावनि गुनजों थिखालामनाय फारियाव आरो आदबावनो फोजोबस्रांजायो। Barbara Culliton has recently reported, in Science, on the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project conducted jointly by the National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society, employing mammography, biopsy and surgery. जेब्लानो बेयो केनसारखौ 'जुक्टि' होनो दाबि खालामो, नंकाय जुक्टिया पस्त हक, इरग’ प्रपतार हकनि थाखाय जानो हागौमोन। To buttress the above, Culliton alludes to a study on prostatic cancer, showing that many a prostatic cancer does not bother its carrier. मानसिनि जिबख्रिनि100,000 जिनफोरनि गेजेराव म’बेया बिबायदि जिबख्रिखौ केनसार गोनां सोलायनायाव हेफाजाब होयोआ मिथिजानो मोनाखै, बांसिन मानोना जिननि गावनि थि बेखेवथिआनो मिथिजायाखै A paragraph from the author's book on cancer, published in 1973, deserves repetition here. 973 आव फोसावजानाय केनसारनि सायाव लिरगिरिनि बिजाबनिफ्राय मोनसे दफाया बेयाव फोसावजाफिननायनि मोनथाय दं। Christiaan Barnard talks of the EKG's (ECG) electrical squiggle' transforming happy individuals with a purpose in life, into frightened, unhappy creatures of despair. ख्रीष्टियान बारनार्दआ इ.के.जि’स(इ.सि.जि) इलेकत्रिकेल स्काइगलनि जिवाव मोनसे थांखिजों खुसि सुबुंफोरखौ, गिखांनाय, गोसोबायनाय खुसिगैयै जिबियाव सोलायनायखौ रायज्लायदों। Harrison remarks that physicians suffer from EKGitis, and Heaven help their patients. हारिसना बुङोदि देहाफाहमगिरिफोरा इकेजितिसाव भुगियो, आरो गोजोन-सोरगोया बिसोरनि बेरामिफोरखौ हेफाजाबहोयो। Kraus rightly said that Diagnosis is one of the commonest diseases. क्राउसा रोखायै बुंदोंमोनदि बेरामसंनाया सरासनस्रा बेरामफोरनि मोनसे। We have by now been able to evolve an understanding that if the cancer does not dis-ease, nothing, not even diagnostics need be done, thus saving on all the investigations that otherwise necessarily follow. दासिम जोंहा मोनसे बुजिनाय बुंफ्रुदनो हाबाय दि केनसारा बेराम नङाब्ला, जेबो, बेरामसंनायफोरखौबो खालायनायनि गोनांथि गैया, बिबदियै गासै नायबिजिरनायफोराव बासायनाया जाय नङाब्ला गोनांबायदियै थांगौमोन। Having made a diagnosis, treatment is not a must. बेरामसंजाखांनायब्ला, फाहामनाय नांथारगौ नङा। If the cancer dis-eases, the minimal need be done. जुदि केनसार जिबख्रिफोरा नोंनि लिम्फ गानथिफोराव थायो, मेतेसतेतिक आबु केनसारनि थाखाय नोंनि खैफोदा बाङो। Today, mere lumpectomy is followed by results as good as those obtained in breast cancer after radical surgery. दिनै, एसेल’ लामपेकतमिया रेदिकेल सारजारिनि उनाव आबु केनसाराव मोननाय बायदि मोजां फिथाइफोरजों उनहोसोजायो। Such minimal therapy is applicable to other cancers - prostate, stomach, pancreas and so on. बेबादि फिसा थेरापिया गुबुन केनसारफोरनि थाखायबो बाहायजाथाव- प्रसतेत, उदै, आमायथु आरो बायदि बायदि। Cancerologists are not exempt from treating people as things,' to earn more money. केनसार’ल’जिस्तफोरा गोबां रां आरजिनाय मुवाफोर बायदि मानसिफोरखौ फाहामनायनिफ्राय बारगया। Over years, cancer operations were done more for personal gain than for the patient's benefit; things are not altogether different now. 200नि बांसिन बोसोर सिगां, 103 केनसार अपारेसनफोरखौ बेरामिनि मुलामफानिख्रुइ बांसिन गावारि मुलामफानि थाखायसो खलामनायजादोंमोन; खामानिफोरा आथिखालावबो जेबो फाराग गैया। Doing nothing - neither diagnosing nor treating unless compelled by a cancerous patient's dis-ease - is the highest form of non-empiricism, non-arbitrarism, a kind of me-respect-you- (the patient)-and-Nature creed. जेबो खालामैआ- ना बेरामसंनाय एबा फाहामनाय जेब्लासिम सासे केनसारास बेरामिनि बेरामजों मावनोगोनां खालामजाया- एमपिरिसिजम-नङैनि गोजौसिन महर, आरबिथ्रारिजम-नङैआ, आं-सिबिनाय-नों-(बेरामि)-आरो मिथिंगा धोरोम-लामानि मोनसे रोखोम। The amount of unnecessary surgery' today vindicates Shaw's attack on the pecuniary' interests of the surgeons. दिनै ‘गोनांथिगैयै सारजारिनि’ बिबाङा सौआ सारजनफोरनि गोसोया रां खामायनायावसो जुकथि होनाय खोथाखौ फोरमान होयो। Cancer research as yet has meant, to use Arley's words that more people live on cancer than die of cancer. केनसार नायबिजिरनाया जेरै दासिम ओंथिखालामदों, आरलेनि सोदोबफोरखौ बाहायनोदि केनसाराव थैनायनिख्रुइ बांसिनसुबुङा केनसाराव थाङो। I believe, however, that one might justly summarize American medicine as being based on the maxim that what can cure a disease condition in a mouse or a dog can, with the right expenditure of money, effort and intelligence, be applied to human medicine. थेवबो, आं फोथायो, दि सासेया आमेरिकान मुलैखौ थिरोखोमै गाहाय-मोनथोराव गुदि हमनालाजानानै सुंद’यै दिनथिनो हायो दि मासे एनजर एबा मासे सैमानाव मोनसे बेराम थासारिखौ जा फाहामनोहानाया, रां, नाजानाय आरो गियाननि थिक बाहायनायजों, सुबुं मुलैयाव बाहायजानो हायो। What Burnet says about the USA, can be extrapolated to any other country. आमेरिकानि सोमोनदै बारनेता बुंनाय बाथ्राया जायखिजाया हादोराव सरासनस्रा खालामजानो हागौ। The Cancer Research Institute in Bombay, founded in 1952, is a grant-in-aid-institution, under the Atomic Energy Establishment, Government of India. बम्बेयाव, 1952 याव गायसनजानाय केनसार रिसार्स इन्सतितिउता भारत सोरखारनि एतमिक एनारजि एसताब्लिसमेन्तनि सिहाव थानाय मोनसे अनसुंथाय-होग्रा-फसंथान। The five- storey building has most things that a cancer institute would have. गंसे केनसार फसंथानहा थानो गोनां बांसिन मुवाफ्रानो बा-थाला दालानाव दं। In a multi-coloured handout, meant for lay consumption, it gives all adulatory details including information on the Philips EM 300 electron microscope providing a magnification of up to 200,000 times for the study of normal, precancerous and cancerous tissues. मोनसे गोबां-गाबगोनां प्रेस-फोसावबिलाइयाव, गियान-गैबाङै बाहायनायनि राहायाव, फिलिब्स इ.एम 300 इलेकत्रन माइक्रसकप सायाव गेजेर, आगुकेनसारास आरो केनसारास तिसनि बिजिरनायनि थाखाय 200,000 बारसिमसो बारायनाय जगायनानै बेयो गासै Science is supposed to be the human search for truth. बिगियानखौ सुबुङा सैथोखौ नागिरनाय होनना सानना लानाय जायो। The budget is the only part of the application which seems to have any substance whatsoever. जेखिजाया रां-हिसाबा हाबानिल’ बाहागो जायहा जेबो सार-बाहागो गैया बायदिमोनो। The above comment by a member of the National Institute of Health (USA) study section, on an application for funds, exemplifies what Hixson' found out about cancerology - when ignorant of what to do, ask for more funds. नेसनेल इनस्टिटिउट अफ हेल्थ (इउ.एस.ए) स्टादि सेकसननि सासे सोद्रोमाजों गोजौनि बिबुंथिया, फाण्डफोरनि थाखाय गांसे आरजाव, केनसार'ल’जि बागै हिकसना मा मोनखोखौ बिथोनहोबाय- जेब्ला मा खालामनो मिथियाबा, बांसिन फाण्डफोरनि थाखाय सों। It is refusing to interfere backing the refusal by a well-deserved assurance or discreet resignation. बेयो मोनसे मोजां-मोनथावना खोथा होनाय एबा सांग्रां नागारनायजों नेवसिनायखौ सुंथानानै हेंथाखौ नेवसिगासिनो दं। Faculty are immersed in administering the grants acquired, and their prevailing literary exercise is the writing of grant proposals. फोरोंगिरिफोरा अनसुंथाय मोननो खुंनायाव गोसोहोबाय, आरो बिसोरनि बाहायजाबायथानाय थुनलाइआरि आयदाया जादों अनसुंथाय थांखिफोरनि लिरनाय। In short, the academic life has become one not of reflection, but of action. गुसुङै, सोलोंथाय जिउआ रिफिखननायनि थाखाय जायाखै, नाथाय खामानिनि थाखायसो जादों। In science today, a man gets known by the finds he begets. दिनै बिगियानाव, सासे मानसिया बियो जोनोमाव मोनफानाय मुवाफोरजों मोनथिजायो। The annual outlay, in the USA, for cancer research will soon reach the 1 billion dollars mark, and will have to be increased at the rate of at least 100 million dollars a year just to keep pace with inflation. केनसार नायबिजिरनायनि थाखाय आमेरिकायाव बोसोरारि खरसाया थाबैनो 1 बिलियन दलारसिम सहैगोन, आरो बेसेनबारायनायजों आगान लाखिफानो बोसोराव खमैब्लाबो 100 मिलियन दलार हाराव बारायहोनांगोन। Cancer has pizzazz, luncheons, theatre parties fund-raising luaus, glamour, and in actual dollars and prestige,' even heart/mental disease cannot hold a candle to it. केनसारहा पिझाज, लान्सनफोर, नायजाब जुथुमनाय फाण्ड-बारायग्रा लुवावफोर, ग्लेमार, आरो ‘आसोल दलारफोर आरो सनमानाव’ बिखा/गोसोआरि बेरामाबो बेनि खमगुननि। They need not worry; cancer will not let them down; Public understanding of cancer may. बिसोर गिनांगौ गैया, केनसारा बिसोरखौ गोगलैहोया, केनसारनि सायाव मानसिफोरनि बुजिलायनाया जाहोनोहागौ। There is the world of cancerology the all too common human failing of keeping up with the Joneses. केनसारलजिनि मुलुगा दं- सुबुंनि मोजाङै लाखिनायनिगासैबो जोबोर गोरोबलायनाया फेलेंआ जनजों। A linear accelerator acquired by one institution is soon put to shame by a bigger accelerator at another. मोनसे फसंथाननिफ्राय आरजिजानाय लिनियार बांहोग्राया थाबैनो गुबुनमोनसेयाव मोनसे गिदिरसिन बांहोग्राजों लाजिफोनांजागोन। Berman describes how, when something happens to a bigwig, institutes jump in to make capital out of it. जेब्ला सासे गोनां मानसिना माबाफोर जायो, बारमाना बेखेवो माबोरै फसंथानफोरा बेनिफ्राय आसोलरां बानायनो बारसिनलायो। The President of India, Sanjiva Reddy, was discovered to have a lung tumour. भारतनि हादोतगिरि, सोनजिबा रेडडिनाव, संफ्ल’ तिउमार जानायखौ नागिरना मोनदोंमोन। Agreed that there is never nothing to be done, but this "never nothing" should be, whenever warranted, a Jeffersonian "pious" fraud. गनायबाय दि बेयाव मालाबाबो जेबो खालामनो हाया, नाथाय बे “मालाबाबो जेबो”खौ, जेब्लानो दाथिनानै बुंजायो, जेफारसनियाननि “निसथार” थागाय-थसि। With the usual fanfare he was flown to the Mecca of cancer research - the Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York. सरासनस्रा रंजाखुसिजों बिखौ केनसार नायिजिरनायनि थुबुरथिलि(Mecca) - स्लएन केतारिं फसंथान, निउ यर्क सिम दैथायहरदोंमोन। Somehow, the Government of India was made to understand that this had to be done, because India didn't have a linear accelerator. खुनरोखोमै, बेखौ मावथारनागौमोन होनना भारत सोरखारखौ बुजायनो हादोंमोन, मानोना भारतहा मोनसे लिनियार बांहोग्रा गैयामोन। Someone protested, but his voice was drowned in the din of the Establishment. सोरबासासेया हेंथाहोदोंमोन, नाथाय बिनि रावा जुकतिनि खायसोयाव गोमादोंमोन। The President's illness is expected to leave the legacy of the prestigious linear accelerator to the major cancer centres in India. आफादगिरिनि लोमजानायखौ भारतनि गाहाय केनसार मिरुफोराव सनमानगोनां लिनियार बांहोग्रानि उनधोन गारलांनायखौ आसाखालामनाय जादों। The USA spent 15 billion dollars directly or indirectly on cancer for the year 1968. आमेरिकाया 1968निथाखाय केनसाराव थोंजङै एबा खेंसालियायै 15 बिलियन दलार खरसाखालामदोंमोन। In 1994 the total bill for health care is expected to exceed billion dollars a day. 1994याव देहा जोथोननि थाखाय गासै रांबिलखौ सानसेयाव बिलियन दलारनि बांसिन जानायखौ आसाखालामनाय जादों। Surely, a sizeable part of this must be for the diagnosis, re-diagnosis, treatment and retreatment of cancer. थारैनो, बेनि मोनसे गुवार बाहागोया केनसारनि बेरामसंनाय, बेराम-संफिननाय, फाहामनाय आरो फाहामफिननायनि थाखाय थाथारनांगोन। Many an Indian, capable of leading a useful life for himself and his society, goes begging for treatment - be it for tuberculosis, leprosy, chronic poliomyelitis - for want of funds, while cancer research and treatment, with all its sophistries, go on at the major centres in Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta and Madras, where they toe the line drawn by the affluent West. गोबां भारतारिआ, गावनि आरो गावनि समाजनि थाखाय मोनसे ओंथिगोनां जिव दैदेननो हाग्रा, सिखितसानि थाखाय मागिलाङो- तिउबारकुलसिस, खुरिया बेराम, गोब्राब पलिअमायइलितिसनि थाखाय- फाण्डफोर नांनायनि थाखाय जानोहागौ, अब्ला केनसार नायबिजिरनाय आरो सिखितसाया, बेनि गासै नंखाय-जुक्तिजों,... The Indian Cancer Society itself, in its birth, was inspired by the monumental service rendered by the American Cancer Society. भारतारि केनसार आफादा गावनोगाव, गावनि जोनोमावनो, आमेरिकान केनसार आफादजों होजानाय गोसोखाङारि आबारजों थुलुंगाखांजादोंमोन। No wonder we are out shopping for linear accelerators. सोमोनांनांगौ गैया, लिनियार बांहोग्राफोरनि थाखाय जों बाजार खालामनायनि बायजोयाव दं। It cannot be overemphasized that a doctor is an adviser first and foremost, a doer only when the situation dictates. बेखौ जरहोनो हाया दि सासे देहाफाहामगिरिया गिबि आरो सिगांसिनै बोसोनगिरि, थासारिखौ बोसोनहोब्लाल’ सासे मावगिरि। There prevails in specialized institutes an air of we-know- everything-about-the-disease. ज’रखा फसंथानफोराव ‘जों बेरामनि बागै गासैबो मिथियोनि’ मोनसे बारहावा सोलिबायथायो। Our concern here is with the latter point. बेवहाय जोंनि साननो गोनाङा उननि बाथ्राजोंसो। With cancer, the most feared name among diseases, it is natural that people seek the speciality centres. केनसारा बेरामफोरनि गेजेराव बांसिन गिथावनासिन मुं, बेयो सरासनस्रादि सुबुंफोरा जरखा मिरुफोरखौसो लुबैयो। Over the year we have witnessed commendable and voluminous therapeutic work on cancer done by non-specialized general' hospitals. गोबां बोसोरनाङै जरखा-नङै, सरासनस्रा देहाफाहामसालिजों केनसारनि सायाव मावफुंजानाय बाखानायजाथाव आरो गोबां थेरापिउतिक खामानि मावनायखौ जों फोरमान मोनबाय। The specialized cancer centre in Bombay, the Tata Memorial Hospital does less work on brain cancers than the general' hospital (to which the authors are attached) with a neuro-surgery department that has become a referring centre for brain cancer cases, even those from outside Bombay. बमबेनि जरखा केनसार मिरु, ताता मेमरियेल हसपिताला निउर’ सारजारि बिफानगोनां सरासनस्रा देहाफाहामसालिनिख्रुइ (जायजों सुजुगिरिफोरा नांथाबनाय) मेलेम केनसारफोराव खम खामानि मावो जाय मेलेम केनसार जाथायफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे दैथायहरजनाय मिरु जाबाय। The diagnostic, histopathologic, and autopsic studies on cancer in general hospital are also significant. सरासनस्रा देहाफाहामसालियाव केनसारनि सायाव बेरामसंनाय, हिसतपेथलजिक, आरो अतपसिक बिजिरनायफोराबो मुंखजाथाव। What is most important; however, is the fact that a cancer case treated in a general hospital, fares no worse that when treated at a specialized centre - a truth that allows global verification. नाथाय जोबोर गोनां बाथ्राया जादोंदि गंसे सरासनस्रा देहाफाहामसालियाव मोनसे केनसार जाथायखौ सिकितसा खालामनाया गंसे जरखा मिरुयाव सिकितसा खालामनायनिख्रुइ जेबो गिनांगौ थाया-मोनसे सैथो बाथ्रा जाय भुमनां नायबिजिरसंनायखौ मावहोयो। A cancer therapist's chief function is to see a lump, to excise it by surgery and/or reduce its bulk by X-rays, drugs, or hormones. केनसार थेरापिस्तनि गाहाय हाबाया बुखांनायखौ नायनाय, सारजारिजों बेखौ बोखारनाय आरो/एबा एक्स-रेएफोर, मुलैफोर, एबा हरम्नफोरजों बेनि बिबांखौ खमाय। The diagnosis of cancer', i.e. the detection of the cancerous lump/s is on the basis of clinical examination and investigations which are not outside the functioning potential of a general hospital. ‘केनसार’नि बेरामसंनाय, जेरै केनसारास बुखांनायनि नायसंनायखौ क्लेनिकेल आनजाद आरो नायबिजिरसंनायनि सायाव सोनारनानै खालामनाय जायो जायफोरा मोनसे सरासनस्रा देहाफाहामसालिनि मावनाय गोहोनि बाहेरा नङा। Surgery forms the mainstay of cancer therapy and can be competently performed in most well-equipped general hospitals. सारजारिया केनसार थेरापिनि गिबिराहाखौ दायो आरो जोबोर मोजां-राहागोनां सरासनस्रा देहाफाहामसालिफोराव आखाफाखायै मावफुंजायो। Should a patient ask him whether the former could be a Ulysses in the world of medical investigations, get killed by chemotherapy, or fall off the Golden Gate Bridge, the doctor's advice should be an assertive "No", for which the patient should neither deny him his fees nor drag him to the court of law. इउलिसेसा बुहुमनि मेदिकेल नायबिजिरनायफोराव सिगांसिन जानोहागोन हायाखौ सासे बेरामिया बिखौ सोनांगौना, केमथेरापि, एबा गलदेन गेत ब्रिज गोगलैनायजों बुथारजानाय, देहाफाहामगिरिनि बोसोना रोखा “नाङा” जानांगौ, जायनि जाहोनाव बेरामिया सासेबो राजिजानाङा। What a cancer patient wants is the necessary diagnosis' and therapy' without loss of time. सासे केनसार बेरामिया जा लुबैयो बे जादों समखौ खोमायालासिनो गोनां ‘बेरामसंनाय’ आरो ‘थेरापि’। Despecializing cancer would help achieve this. फारागगोनां खालामनाय केनसारा बेखौ जाफुंहोनो हेफाजाब होगोन। Tell the people the truth that it is not important who treats and where, but who and what is treated. सुबुंनो सैथोखौ फोरमाय दि सोर आरो बबेयाव फाहामा बेयो गोनांथि नङा, नाथाय सोर आरो माया फाहामजाया। Accepting Cancer The contemplation of things as they are, without substitution of imposture, without error or confusion, is in itself a nobler thing than a whole harvest of inventions. केसारखौ गनायना लानाया: मुवाफोर जेरै दं बिसोरखौ गोथौवै साननाय, थगाय-थसिखौ बदलहोयाजासे, हेंथा एबा गुलाय-गुजाय गैयाजासे, मोनसे दिहुननायफोरनि गासै जाउननिफ्राय गावनोगाव मोनसे गेदेर बेसाद। Francis Bacon's invocation is pertinent, both for the cancer doctor and the cancer patient. प्रानसिस बेकननि हांख्रायनाया थार, केनसार देहाफाहामगिरि आरो केनसार बेरामि सानैनि थाखाय। The very term contemplation carries with it the message of the need for humility, patience, and restraint. जोबोद थिओंथि सानहाबनाया गावजोंनो गुरैथि, सहायनाय आरो सामलायनायनि थाखाय गोनांजानाय खौरां लाफायो। To understand cancer is to accept cancer, with grace. केनसारखौ बुजिनाया केनसारखौ अननायजों नाजावनाय। Just as diagnosis' is imperative, for a person who merits it, treatment' is necessary for a patient diseased by cancer. जेरैबादि ‘बेरामसंनाय’आ सासे मानसिनि थाखाय गोनांथार जाय बेखौ मोजांमोनो, ‘फाहामनाया’या केनसारजों बेरामजाहोजानाय सासे बेरामिनि थाखाय गोनां। Jory Graham is quite right in that cancer is more curable than many other diseases. गोबां गुबुन बेरामफोरनिख्रुइ केनसारा बांसिन फाहामजाथाव होननायाव जरी ग्राहामआ इसे थार। But the cure that Graham refers to has to be understood before it is advertised. नाथाय ग्राहामा जा फाहामनायखौ रायखायदों बेयो फोसावजानायनि सिगां बुजिग्रोजानांगोन। The realization that the path of Mary (one of contemplation and inaction) is preferable to that of Martha even in cancerology, can mean a lot of saving on the psychic/somatic human cost, on animals and as a payoff from these on the hard cash spent on the overall problem of cancer. केनसार’ल’जिआवबो मारथानिख्रुइ मेरीनि लामाया (सानहाबग्रा आरो अलसियानि गेजेराव मोनसे) सायखजाथावना होनना बुजिमोननाया, जिवमायारि/देहायारि सुबुं हानियाव गोबां बासायनाय फोरमायनोहागौ, In 32 years' experience in the USA, Canada, and Great Britain, I have never seen a patient with internal cancer or breast cancer cured in the sense the ordinary man understand the term cure - i.e. to take a disease process away and never have it come back. इउ.एस.ए, कानादा, आरो ग्रेत ब्रितेएनआव 32 बोसोरनि रोंमोनदांथियाव, आं खेबसेबो सिंआरि केनसार एबा आबु केनसार फाहामजानाय सासे बेरामिखौ नुवाखै, बुजिनायाव सादारन मानसिया फाहामनाय ओंथिखौ बुजियो- जेरै मोनसे बेरामनि फारिखानथिखौ फोजोबस्रांनो आरो माब्लाबाबो फैफिननो हायै खालामनो। And this ability to be cared for includes palliation on the one hand, and life-respecting measures on the other. आरो जोथोन होजानाय बे गोहोआ फारसेयाव खम-खालामग्रा, आरो गुबुन फारसेथिं जिव-सोमोनदै राहाफोर सरजाबफायो। The venerated cancer text, titled Cancer Medicine reveals its true and glorious purpose when it tells at one place that symptomatic treatment' of cancer constitutes the best clinical management' and forms the backbone of any specific cancer therapy. मानहोजानाय केनसार सावरायथाय, बिमुंहोजानाय केनसार मुलैया बेनि थार आरो गोगाथाव थांखिखौ दिनथिफुङो जेब्ला बेयो मोनसे जायगायाव खिनथायो दि केनसारनि ‘लैखोनगोनां फाहामना’या ‘हामसिन क्लिनिकेल सामलायनाय’ गायसनो आरो जायखिजाया थिक केनसार थेरापिनि मैखोमहेफाजाब दायो। It is a sign of coming change, however begrudged, that mutilate cancer therapy is getting replaced by conservative, organ/limb-saving procedures. हिंसाखालामजाबाबो, बेयो सोलायबोनायनि मोनसे लोइखोन दि बोखाजानाय केनसार थेरापिया रैखाथिहोग्रा, देहानि-अंगो/नोरोम-बासायग्रा मावखानथिफोरजों सोलायजागासिनो दं। The recent Hospice Movement in the West reflects the spreading acceptance of the fact that even a patient with terminal cancer needs, above everything, the dignity of being, both physical and mental. सोनाबाव बावैसो हसपाइस सोमावसारनाया थारबाथ्रानि गोसारनाय नाजावनाय दिनथिदों दि जोबथा केनसार थानाय सासे बेरामियाबो गासैबोनिबो बांसिन, देहायारि आरो गोसोयारि मोननैबो, थाथायनि सनमान नांगौ । The oceanic mass of facts' on cancer - the outcome of the devoted work of many scientists the world over for so many years - may appear forbiddingly large to permit a useful, practicable synthesis. केनसार सायाव ‘थार-बाथ्रा’नि लैथोमायारि हानजा- बुहुम सोरगिदिं जोबोद गोबां बोसोरनि थाखाय गोबां बिगियानगिरिफोरनि नांथाबनाय खामानिनि जाउना मोनसे हेफाजाबगोनां, बाहायनोहाथाव चिनथेचिच गनायथिहोनो गिथावै गोबां नुजानोहागौ। The concepts and the facts presented in this book speak otherwise - it is possible to integrate the results of clinical and experimental research into a perspectival view appealing and comprehensible to the researchers, doctors, lay people, and above all, the cancer patients. बे बिजाबाव दिनथिफुंनाय सानखांथि आरो थार-बाथ्राफोरा गुबुन-फारसेयै फोरमायो; क्लिनिकेल आरो आनजादनायग्रा नायबिजिरनायनि जाउनफोरखौ नुथाय नुजाथिनाय आरो नायबिजिरग्राफोर, देहाफाहामगिरिफोर, जामबा मानसि, आरो गासैबो लानानै बुजिनोहाथाव मोनसे बिथिङाव ज’खालामनो बेयो हाथाव। Cancer cannot be caused, cannot be prevented. केनसारखौ जाहोनोबो हाया, होबथानोबो हाया। Remember that cancer has been with mankind since ages and its occurrence is neither a freak of nor a punishment from Nature. गोसोआव लाखिदि केनसारा जुगनिफ्रायनो सुबुंफोरजों दं आरो बेनि नुजाथिनाया गोमोथावबो एबा मिथिंगानिफ्राय मोनसे साजाबो नङा। Every cancer is a part of your own self. मोनफ्रोम केनसारा नोंनि गावनिनो मोनसे बाहागो। The EKF (ECG) machine, a cardiologist commented, has done more harm than the atom bomb. सासे कारदिअलजिस्तआ बिबुंथिहोदोंमोनदि, इ.के.एफ(इ.सि.जि) मेसिना एतम बम्बनिख्रुइ बांसिन हानि खालामबाय। If you must not love it, you need not hate it either. जुदि नों बेखौ अननो हाथाराबा, नों बेखौ मुगैनो नाङा। Each cancer, before it bothers you, or your doctor, has been with you for a long time. मोनफ्रोम केनसारा, बेयो नों एबा नोंनि देहाफाहामगिरिखौ जिंगाहोनायनि सिगां, एसे गोलाव समनि थाखाय नोंजोंनो दंमोन। Early diagnosis/treatment for a cancer is a myth to be buried. केनसारनि थाखाय आगु बेरामसंनाय/फाहामनाय बावजानो गोनां मोनसे सल’। For the reasons cited above, it is not at all necessary for you to get yourself screened for cancer. गोजौआव मख’जानाय जाहोनफोरनि थाखाय, केनसारनि थाखाय गावखौनो नायजानाया नोंनि थाखाय बेयो गोनाङानो नङा। Bother yourself about cancer when, and only when, it really bothers you. केनसारनि बागै गावनो सिनथा खालाम जेब्ला, आरो खालि जेला, बेयो नोंखौ गमामायैनो दिगदार होयो। Cancer does not always kill, nor does it always connote a short post-diagnosis or post-treatment life. केनसारा जेब्लाबो फोथैया, एबा बेयो मोनसे गुसुं आगु-बेरामसंनाय एबा आगु-सिखितसानि जिवखौ जेब्लायबो दाथिनानै बुङा। Decide to live with your cancer until it chooses to die with you. नोंनि केनसारजों थांनो थि खालाम जेब्लासिम बेयो नोंजों थैनो सायख’या। Appreciate that cancer need not necessarily disrupt either your profession or your joie de vivre. बाखनाय दि केनसारा गोनाङै नोंनि खामानि एबा नोंनि जिवनि रंजानायावबो हेंथा होगोन बायदि नङा। Since there is nothing like a cure for cancer, insist on being treated symptom-far and no further. जेब्ला बेयाव केनसारनि थाखाय जेबो फाहामथाय बायदियानो गैया, गोजान आरो गोबाङै नङै लोइखोन फाहामजानायाव जरहोयो। Any form of therapeutic radicalism is despicable overkill by medicine. थेरापिउतिक रेडिकुलिजमनि जायखि महरा मुलैजों नेहात बुथारब्रेजायो। The harm is in terms of the cardiac neurosis that the machine breeds. कारदिएक निउरसिसनि ओंथियाव हानिया जादोंदि मेसिना जिउसा सोमजिहोयो। Must you be treated, seek surgery; should you be irradiated or given chemotherapy, insist on the minimal and be prepared for the cellular levy from head to foot that your body must pay. नों फाहामनाय होजाथारनांगोन, सारजारि नागिरनांगोन; नों गियान होजानागोन एबा केमथेरापि होजागोन, खर’निफ्राय आथिंसिम जिबख्रिआरि बुथुमनायनि थाखाय थियारि जानाय आरो खमसिनाव जर होनाय जाय नोंनि देहाया होथारनांगौ। You owe a duty to your body and soul in the form of a dignified death. मोनसे मानगोनां थैनायनि महराव नों नोंनि देहा आरो जिवमानो मोनसे हाबा मावनांगौ दं। Do not deny yourself the dignity of dying. थैनायनि गोजौबिबानखौ नों गावनोगाव दानेवसि। Cancer is a species, class, or ordinal character. केनसारा मोनसे हारिसा, थाखो, एबा अरदिनेल आखुनि। You can neither inherit it, nor pass it on to your progeny. नों बेखौ नाजावनोबो हाया, एबा बेखौ नोंनि उनजोलैनावबो बारस्लायहोनो हाया। An attempt has been made to go beyond the mere dictionary meaning so as to provide a wider perspective. गुवार नुथाय जगायनो थाखाय सोदोब-बिहुं ओंथिल’नि बारगा थांनो मोनसे नाजानाय खालामजादों। Related words are mentioned in parenthesis at the end of the explanation. सोमोनदो गोनां सोदोबफोरा पेरेनथेसिसनि बेखेवनायनि जोबनायाव रायखांजादों। This is an association based on the Hippocratic motto primum non nocere, meaning that the least that a therapy should do to a patient, is to do no harm. बेयो हिपक्रेतिकनि गुबै-मोनथोर प्रिमाम न’न नकेराव सोनारनाय मोनसे आफाद, मोनसे थेरापिया सासे बेरामिनो खमैब्लाबो खालामनो हानाय ओंथिया जादों, जेबो खहा खालामनो नाङा। A substance, that on introduction into the body, excites a highly specific response in the form of antibody (a protein) and/or cells (lymphocytes). मोनसे मुवाया, जाय देहायाव सोलिजेननानै दं, हेंथा-देहा (मोनसे प्रटिन) आरो/एबा जिबख्रि (लिम्फुसितफोर)नि महराव मोनसे गोबाङैनो थि फिनजाथाइ जाखांहोयो। An antigen's specific reactivity with antibody/cells allows laboratory detection of its presence in blood or tissue. हेंथा-देहा/जिबख्रिजों मोनसे एन्टिजेननि थि फिनजाथाइआ थै एबा बिदामाव बेनि नुजाथिनायनि लेबरेटरी नागिरनाय गनायथि होयो। CEA, found most commonly with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, is detected in the laboratory by demonstrating its reactivity with a specific antibody. उलथाफारसेयाव, जुदि सासेमानसिया थुनलायखौ बिजिरनो खायसोमोनो, अस्थ्रसिकितसाखालामजायै कलेलिथियेसिस, जोथोनलाजायै आबु केनसार, आरो बिदिनो गेसत्रिक/दिउअदिनेल आलसार, आदारनोलि, उदै, कलन, रेकताम,बिखा, गल ब्लादार, आरो आमायथुनि मित्रेल स्तेनसिस आरो केनसारफोरनि मिथिंगायारि फालिथायखौ दिनथिनाय बे आयदायाव गोबां लिरबिदांफोर दं। It is also called Burkitt's lymphoma. बिनि केनसारनि जिथाम बोसोर उनाव बियो स्निजिदाइन बोसोर बैसोआव हार्त एताकआव थैदोंमोन। The warning is undesirable for it precipitates a sort of posthumous existence with perpetual expectation of the worst, for the patient or even the physician- patient. जेब्ला बेबो गुबुन बिदामजों गुबुन-जायगायाव सिगारजायो, बेखौ एकट’पिक हरम’न बुङो। It is the faculty of a normal cell to cancerate and thus turns into a cancer cell. गासै मानसिफोरानो केनसार जौगाहोनो हायो; खायसेयाल’ मावो, बिसोरनि थाखाय मोनसे रोखा बंसवारि जागायजेननायखौ बारनानै अनजिमायारि जिन जाउना बिसोरखौ दैदेननो थाखाय थोजासे। It refers to a substance supposedly producing cancer. मोनसे गोनांथार केनसारारि मोगथांथिया जादोंदि जागायजेननाय समनिफ्राय गासै केनसारानो बानिफ्राय जिबा बोसोरनि गेजेराव सिनायहानायनि समा सिरियै थाखमानाय आरो सानायगैयै जाना थायो। A substance that assists a cancerogen is called cocancerogen, and one that opposes its action is called anticancerogen. समफारियै आनजादनायनायाव गोब्राब नाथाय सिरियै हौवाआथोनग्रन्थियारि बेदर दं होनना मोननाय सासे बोराय मानसिखौ अननायजों केनसार थानायनि सांग्रांथि जाहोनायनि गोनांथि गैया। It means any illness characterized by long duration, or frequent recurrence over a long time, and often by slowly progressing severity; opposite of acute. सानथौवारियै बुंनाय केनसारआ सानायगैयै मानोना बेयो बिबदिनो ओंथि फोरमायो। it is a type of slowly growing leukaemia characterized by the excessive proliferation of lymphocytes all over. आरो सासे मानसिनियाव बेफोरबादि बंसवारि खामानिया बिबाङारिसो आरो गुनारि नङा। It is a disease mainly of the middle and old age. मोनसे सिनायहानायमहरै, बियो गावनि जिउनि थांनाय बा बोसोरनिफ्रायनो केनसार रसायनदेहाफाहामगिरिजों जोथोनलाजानायखौ साननो फानदोसादोंमोन; बेनिउनाव बियो गोबां सनदेरग्राबेरामफोर जौगाहोदोंमोन आरो फारियै जोबोरैनो जाफ्लेबायथानाय हांनालानिबेरामनि सेराव ख’र’ गंग्लायनांदोंमोन। Chronic myeloid leukaemia, often abbreviated as CML, is a type of slowly progressing leukaemia, characterized by the excessive proliferation of granular white blood cells, starting in the bone marrow and then appearing in the blood and elsewhere. संफ्लनि केनसारआ सरासनस्रायै गेदेर हांनालायाव जायो, आरो बिदिनो समसम बिसोरखौ हांनालायारि केनसार एबा हांनालायारि कार्सिन’मा महरै मिथिनाय जायो। It is a chronic disease characterized by progressive destruction and hardening of the liver. जोबोद सरासनस्रायै उदैबिबु लामानि केनसारजों मोननाय सि.इ.ए.खौ आनजादसालियाव मोनसे थि थैजिउसाजों बिनि फिनजाथायखौ रोखा खालामना संनाय जायो। The fibrous protein that provides the scaffold for the animal body is one of the principal skeletal substance binding cells and tissues together. सि.एम.एल. महरै समसम सुंद’महरहोजानाय क्रनिक मिलयद लिकुमिया -आ बेगें माजायाव जागायना आरो बेनि उनाव थै आरो गुबुनजायगाफोराव नुजानाय गुफुर थै जिबख्रि फिथरनि एग्रेबाग्रे एरहोनायजों आखुहोजानाय मोनसे रोखोमनि लासैयै जौगानाय लिकेमिया। There are small, painful ulcers accompanying inflammation of the mouth. मोनसे जागायजेननाय तिउमार/बुखांनायसिथरहा मोनसे मोजां बिदामखौ जथायनाय मेगननुस’यि आखुफोर दं। This is an examination of the vagina and cervix with an instrument called colposcope that provides illumination and magnification. बारदेरबेरामबिगियानबादियै, हानजा थाखोआव बेयो रोखा ओंथि फोरमायो जाय हानजाखौ दानाय बिबांनिख्रुइ अनजिमायारियै फिसासिन, जोबोद गोनांथिया मोनसे खाबुनिसो बाथ्रा, जानोहाथाव एबा जाथाव जेब्ला मोनसे गावारि थाखोआव फोरमायनाय जायो। This is the process whereby a cell changes its character to turn into another type of cell. सानथौगियानारिबादियै, बेयो गियाननि मोनसे फोरमायथिनि इसारा होयो जाय रोखाथिनिख्रुय दुइसिन नाथाय अगियानथिनिख्रुइ देरसिन। The process of cell division and proliferation, the science of which is called cytokinetics. नैथि थाखोनि जायगानिफ्राय, जायगा सोलायनायनि गासै खानथिया फिन जाफिननो हागौ। What is commonly known as diabetes is medically termed as diabetes mellitus (sweet diabetes) because of the patient passing sugar in the urine. बुहुमनाङै, हादर लायै हादर इसेथार सोलायसोल’यै मोनफ्रोम बोसोराव मोनफ्रोम 100,000 सुनुंअनजिमायाव बेयो 2 निफ्राय 3 जाथायफोरनि हाराव नुजायो। Such diabetes is to be distinguished from diabetes insipidus, wherein the patient passes large quantities of insipid' urine. बेयो केनसारगोनांब्ला, नोंहा जेबो मावनो गोबावद्राय जादों। The term is derived from old French desaise (des - absence of, and aise - ease), and really means dis-ease or lack of ease. केनसारबिगियानाव गिलुबालु तिउमार एबा गिलुबालु जखमफोरआ केनसारनि समानओंथि महरै बाहायजायो। The etymologic emphasis has been lost in medical science so that the word disease is freely used even though the so-called disease - a cancerous mass in the prostate or the breast - in no way dis-eases the owner. केनसारबिगियानाव, बेखौ बे जायगायाव दिनथियो जेराव केनसारआ गिबि सोमजियो: बिनिफ्राय गुदि जायगायाव, गुदि केनसाराव, गुदि जौगानायाव आरो बायदि बायदि। In current fashion, it implies cellular abnormalities of the lining epithelium of the cervix of the uterus that a pathologist recognizes as abnormal, yet not to a degree he is willing to call cancer. बोहैथि फावाव, बेयो फिसाख’नि मोखांनि गोबा उफ्राबिदामनि जिबख्रियारि आरजायैफोरखौ दिनथियो जायखौ सासे बेरामबिगियानगिरिया आरजायै महरै सिनायथियो, नाथाय बियो केनसार बुंनो लुबैनाय जखासिम जायाखै। A hormone is normally secreted by its special gland. सरासनस्रायै मुलैयाव, गिलुबालुआ मोनसे बेरामनि जोबोद गोब्राबथिखौ इसाराहोयो: बिदिनो गिलुबालु लोमजानाय, गिलुबालु बांद्रायजिंगा, आरो गिलुबालु मेलेरिया। When it is also secreted elsewhere by another tissue, it is called ectopic hormone. बेयो सासे मानसिनि गावनि बिदामनिफ्राय नुजायो; बेयो बारस्लायहोजाया। Thickening and hardening of arteries is a common accompaniment of aging. ब्रनसासआ हांनालानि(बारनाला) उनावनो बार-लामानि लेङाइबाहागो। This is a term to describe the inordinate faith of the doctor or the patient in the diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of the electrocardiogram (ECG), sometimes abbreviated as EKG Follow-up. बेयो सोलिबायथानाय फोजोबस्रांथाय आरो बिखा गोराजानायजों आखुहोजानाय मोनसे गोलावसम बेराम। It is the medical practice of periodically reassessing and recording the condition of a patient following diagnosis and/or treatment. बेयो गुबैयै गेजेर आरो बोराय बैसोनि मोनसे बेराम। It shows a theoretical frequency distribution that is bell shaped, symmetrical and of infinite extent. बेखौ 4 नि गेजेरजों थाखो 1 महरै थाखोराननानै मोनसे केनसारनि गोब्राबथिखौ बेखेवनायनि मोनसे आदब। Many a biologic feature, related to health or disease, exhibits Gaussian distribution. बेयो मोनसे बेरामनि लैखोननि मोनसे दानदिसेयारि खमायराहा। It is the science of aging, and of the problems of the aged. बेयो बंसवारि जोन्थोरबिगियाननि बावैसो जौगानाय आदबफोरनि गेजेरजों आनजादसालियाव जथायनाय दिएनए नि दाजाबथाय गोनां बेकतेरियाबिसाननि रोखोम। It is a mode of describing the severity of a cancer by grading it as Grade 1 through बेयो जयै मेजेमजिबख्रिफोरनि बांद्राय बांहोनायजों आखुहोजानाय लासैयै बांनाय लिकेमियानि मोनसे रोखोम। The severity of a cancer is assumed to be directly proportional to the departure of its cells from normality when seen through a microscope. बेखौ बारकितनि लिमफमाबो बुङो। A cancer belongs to Grade 1 when most of its cells are near-normal in appearance and arrangement, and to Grade 4 when most cells look abnormal in appearance and arrangement. बेयो नुगोजानजोनथोरजों सरासमस्रा एबा केनसारगोनां बिदामनि बिजिरनायजों सोमोनदोगोनां। It is related to the study of tissue - normal or cancerous - with a microscope. बेयो केनसारजाहोनायनि सरासनस्रा जिबख्रिनि मोनसे गोहो आरो बिदिनो केनसार जिबख्रियाव सोलायहैयो। In cancerology, it is used as a synonym for cancer: hence, malignant tumour or malignant lesion. बेयो सममथै नायसंफिननाय आरो बेरामसंनाय आरो/एबा सिकितसाखौ उनहोसोनानै सासे बेरामिनि थासारिखौ फोरमानलाखिनायनि मोनसे देहाबिगियान सरसा। It arises from an individual's own tissues; not transplanted. मोनसे केनसारा थाखो (grade)1 याव थायो जेब्ला बेनि बांसिन जिबख्रिफोरा नुनायाव आरो साजायनायाव इसे मोजां, आरो थाखो (grade) याव थायो जेब्ला बांसिन जिबख्रिफोरखौ नुनायाव आरो साजायनायाव गाज्रि नुयो। In medicine in general, malignant implies grave severity of a disease: thus, malignant fever, malignant hypertension, and malignant malaria. बेयो बैसोबांनायनि बिगियान आरो बैसोजानायनि जेंनाफोर। A skin cancer arising from its pigmented cells; can also arise from the eye, mucous membrane, and other tissues. बेयो गंसे जेरक्स दाजेमाव खामानिमावनायनि एखे आदबजों बिनि सावगारिखौ मोननायजों आबुनि बिजिरनाय। It neither refers to the spread or transfer of disease (cancer, infection) from its site of origin to another site nor directly connected with it. बेखौ सरासनस्रायै हाखावहासि-सिकितसायाव (surgery) बाहायजायो, लोगोसे थेरापिनि गुबुन राहाफोर आरो थेरापिउतिक दाजाबथायफोरावबो। Neoplasm, literally meaning newly formed tissue, connotes cancer, although such process also occurs in inflammation, wound healing, etc. बेखौ जुक्तिहोनो हागौदि बेरामिखौ आगुयै सामोलहोआब्ला, बियो बेरामनि सांग्रांगैयैजों गाग्लोबजानो हागौ। The occurrence of cancer in an individual is governed by many unidentifiable genes (hence called polygenic/multi-factorial inheritance) which in coordination with the genes of the entire herd, determine whether or not cancer would occur. बेयो गोलाव सम एबा गोलाव समनि बांसिन गलेगले जाफिनबायथानाय आरो बांद्रायनि उलथा; समसम लासै बांनाय गोब्राबथिजों आखुहोजानाय जायखिजाया लोमजानायखौ ओंथि फोरमायो। And such genetic governance in an individual is quantitative and not qualitative. बेयो गिनांगौ गैयै देहा एबा जिउ; गिलुबालुनि उलथा; केनसार-गैयैखौ ओंथिफोरमायो। All humans can develop cancer; only some do, for in them the quantitative gene effect is sufficient enough to carry them beyond a certain genetic threshold. बेयो बेनि सोमजिनाय जायगानिफ्राय गुबुन जायगायाव बेरामनि (केनसार, सनदेरथि) गोसारनाय एबा बारस्लायनायखौबो एबा बेजों थोंजोङै सोमोन्दोथानायखौबो फोरमाया। Polygenic inheritance has been invoked to explain the occurrence of a wide variety of diseases ranging from congenital malformations like cleft plata to common diseases like peptic ulcer, heart attack, diabetes, or hypertension. बेयो हमनालाजानाय केनसार सोमजिहोनाय मोनसे मुवाखौ फोरमायो। In cancerology, it refers to the site where the cancer first originates; hence, primary site, primary cancer, primary growth, and so on. बेयो नांजाबनाय बिदामाव नुजानाय केनसारखौ फोरमायो- गुबैयै हारा,बेगेंसा, मोदोम, आरो फेसिए। When a cancer, taking off from the primary site, establishes itself at other additional site/s physically discontinuous from the primary, it is said to have formed secondary or metastatic cancer. बेयो माखनबादि, थावबादि मुवा जाय सासे हौवानि बिथोबफोर, आथोन आरो आथोनबिगुरनि गेजेराव एबा सासे आयजोनि आथोनबेगर (clitoris), आथोनगुदुं आरो मिनरा सोरगिदिं ज’जाना थायो। It means, not threatening health or life; opposite of malignant; non-cancerous. मोनसे हरमनआ सरासनस्रायै बिनि जर’खा ग्लेण्डजों सिगारजायो। From the secondary site, the whole process of metastasis can be repeated. बेयो मोनसे बुंफुरलुवारि गलेगलेथा रानथायखौ दिनथियो जाय बेल महरनि, समानमहरनि आरो सिमागैयै अरथायनि। Epistemologically, it implies a state of knowledge that is less than certainly but greater than ignorance. बे बेनि थाखाय बेफोरखौ फोजोबस्रांनो गोरोथि बायदि नुजायो, जेरै बेयो बेसोरखौ थाहोनो भुगिहोयो जेब्ला बिसोरो जेंना होजाजेनो आरो गासैयै बोखारजानो हागौ। Epidemiologically, it means certainty at the herd level, which, being numerically smaller than the number forming the herd, must of necessity is a matter of chance, likelihood or probability when expressed at an individual level. बेनो केनसारनि एखे सानाय-गैयैमोन जाय मेअ, उइलकि, एबा ड’रनखौ गुवारै समसिम गोजोनै मावलांनो गनायथिहोदों, आरो हाखावजायै केनसारा बेराम-संजादोंमोन, आरो थिरोखोमै थाबैनो गेवनाय आरो खोबनाय मावखानथिनि उनाव थैनाया होसोदों । Such measurement or quantisation of uncertainty is called probability. बे फोथायथाव मुलैनि थाखाय गिदिर सान जागोन, जेब्ला फाहामगिरिआ बेराम-संनो मोनथाय गैयैखौ मोनो, आरो बेनिथाखाय जाय केनसारा गावनि बिगुमाजों सानतिआव दंआ सिकितसा मोननाङा। The epidemiologic concept of probability can be best amplified by acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, a form of blood cancer. स्रोदयै आबु बुखांनाय गोनां आयजोनि जेंनाखौ दा गनायदिनि, जुदि बेयो केनसार-नङा, जेबो खालाम नङा। Globally, it occurs at the rate of 2 to 3 cases per a population of 100,000 per year with little variation from country to country. मिथिंगा बायदि, केनसारा अनागारि नाथाय केनसारा अनसुला। It is usually applied to surgery, but also to other modes of therapy and to therapeutic combinations. देहा एबा बेरामजों सोमोनदो गोनां गोबां जिबआरि आखुथाया, गावसिआन राननायखौ रोखायै दिनथियो। Supraradical therapy represents the extreme of therapeutic radicalism. गोबां गिदिर बेरामिफोरा थैनो हागौ बेरामनिफ्राय अनगायै। Radiotherapy is the treatment of cancer (or any other disease) by X-rays. गोनांसिनै, गोबां केनसारा सोलायनाय जायगानि गिबिआव संजाखांजानायनि उनावबाबो सानायगैयै जालाङो। It is a type of bacterium with a new combination of DNA assembled in the laboratory through the recently developed techniques of genetic engineering. निउप्लास्म मानि गोदानै जाजेनाय बिदाम, केनसार दिनथियो, जुदिवबो बे बायदि फारिखानथियाबो खामनाय, गाराय हामनाय बायदि-बायदियाव जायो। A benign tumour/lump have microscopic features resembling a normal tissue. सासे बेरामिया मोनसे केनसारखौ मुगैनाया बेनि थाखाय जायो मानोना केनसारआ बिखौ गोलाव समनि थाखाय बेराम जहोआ। When a normal cell cancerates to join the already existing cancer, it is called recruitment or neocanceration. मोनसे हानजाया 'गोनां' लैखोन नुजाजासिम सिकितसा मोनना। It is a temporary abatement of the symptoms of a disease. बे थांखिहोनाया अनागारि बायदि नुयो, बे खावलायो दि बेरामिया गोसोनि थैनाय निफ्राय रैखाखालामजा बेरामिनि सानदांनायाव केनसारनि रोखा जानायजों It refers to cancer arising in the connective tissue - especially bone, cartilage, muscle, and fascia. बांजोलै (polygBOic) उनमोनथाया जोनोमारि गाज्रिदाथायफोर जेरै थालो जिनायनिफ्राय लाना सरासनस्रा बेरामफोर जेरै फेपतिक आलसार, मैखुन गाग्लोबथि, दायबेतिस एबा बांद्रायजिंगाफोरसिम गोबां रोखोमनि बेरामफोर जानायखौ फोरमायनायाव दायहोजायो। Sarcoma differs from carcinoma in that the latter arising from the cells lining the skin and internal organs, or the cells forming glands such as the liver, thyroid, pituitary, etc. रेडिअथेरेपिआ एक्स-रेजों खालामजानाय केनसार (एबा जिखुनुजा गुबुन बेराम)नि सिकितसा It refers to the cheesy, sebaceous matter that collects between the glands, penis and foreskin in a male, or around the clitoris, labia and minora in a female. सार्कमाया कार्सिन’मा निफ्राय जुदा बेयाव बिगुरखौ खोबनाय आरो सिंनि आंगोफोर जिबख्रि निफ्राय उननि, एबा आंगो जानाय जिबख्रि जेरै बिखा थाइर’इड, पिटुइटेरि, बायदि-बायदि। They are cells from a cancer that arose once upon a time in an animal are cultured over the years, by being serially bred in test tubes and animals. दासिमाव बियो मोजां देहायावमोन, लिउकेमिया जिबख्रिजों बेगें माजानि 'गुवारै गोसारनाय’ (infiltration हाबफैनाय) जायेयावबो। Such cells when inoculated in specially prepared animals form masses that are called transplanted cancer. बे थांखिहोनाया मिथिमोनै बायदि नुनो हागौ, बेयो फ’जजानाय जिबख्रिआरि एबा तिउमारआरि केनसार सैथोथिफोरजों फुरायै हेफाजाब होजाबाय। Such cancers' constitute tumour systems against which drugs are tested. बेफोर ‘केनसारफोरा’ जाय मुलैफोरा दुमालु खानथिफोर फाथियोनि बेरेखायै आनजादनायजाबाय। It is the study of breast by obtaining its image by a technique similar to that operating in a XEROX machine. बे बायदि जिबख्रिफोरा जुनियायै बानायजानाय जुनारफोराव जेब्ला सिथा-होजायो, दामोल जायो जायखौ सोस्लायनाय केनसार बुङो। It , therefore, appears as improper to extirpate these as it does to suffer them to remain, when they begin to be disturbed and can be wholly removed. बे बायदि डायेबेटिजा, डायेबेटिज इनसिपिडास निफ्राय बासिजानांगौ, जेराव बेरामिया 'दैब्रां' हासुदैनि गोबां बिबांफोर हगारो। A bronchus is a subdivision of the air-passages beyond the trachea (windpipe). मोनसे जुक्तिगोनां जाउना जादोंदि बे बेरामिनि थाखाय जेबो बेरामसंनाय एबा सिकितसाबिगियान खालामनो मोननाय नङा। The patient with the longest survival of thirteen years was an Eurasian, who, all along his illness' declined treatment. बे बायदि थि-नङैनि सुनाय एबा क’वानटिजेसनखौ जाथावथाव बुङो। After thirteen years with his cancer, he died at the age of seventy-eight of a heart attack. सुफ्रारेडिकेल थेरेपिया फाहामनाय रेडिकेलइजमनि बाराद्रायखौ दिनथियो। The chronic leukaemia offer frequent examples of cases living for long, when left untreated or treated only when dis-eased. फोरमायथिनि लिरगिरिफोरा मोनदांदोंदि बिसोरनि जाउनफोरा फोरमान होआखै दि रेडिअथेरेपि आरो/एबा केम’थेरेपिजों थाब सिकितसाया थांनाथानायनि गोलावनायाव एबा हाखआवजायै हां नाला कार्सिन’माजों बेरामिनाव गोहो गैयै खालामनाय लैखोननि होबथानायाव दैदेनो। Many of the older patients may die with rather than from the disease. क्रनिख लिउकेमियाया बारंबार (बारेबारे) गोबाव थांनाथानायनि बेलाफोरनि बिदिनथिफोरखौ दिनथियो, जेब्ला सिकितसा खालामजाया एबा जेब्ला बेरामजाबाल’ सिकितसाहोजायो। She was in good health all along, despite extensive infiltration' of the bone marrow by leukaemia cells. बेरामसंनाया दायगैयै आरो थिकयै, आबु बुखांनाय, प्रस्टेटिक गानथि आरो बे बायदि। Asymptomatic, she was trapped into getting her counts treated by cancer chemotherapy for the last five years of her life; she then developed varied infections, and eventually succumbed to overwhelming recurrent pneumonia. बारदेर बेरामनि जानोहाथावनि सानखांथिया गोख्रों मेजेम गुनद्रा लिउकेमिया, थै केनसारनि मोनसे महरजों साबसिननै फेहेरजागोन। They randomly allocated 249 patients, with inoperable bronchial carcinoma confined to the chest, to four different groups, each treated differently. गोनांथि सोदोब नायबिजिरनाया मेडिकेल बिगियानाव गोमाबाय थाखि सोदोब बेरामा उदाङै बाहायजोयो बेराम बुंजानायनि गेजेरजों प्रस्टेट एबा आबुआव मोनसे केनसारगोनां दामोल – राहा गैयैआव बेरामफेरा बिगुमा। One group received no treatment until significant' symptoms appeared. बेजेगोनां प्र’टिन जाय जुनार देहानो बेसां जगायोआ मोनसे गाहाय गोबा मुवा, जिबख्रिफोर आरो बिदामफोरखौ जयै खायो। The other three groups received treatment whether or not they had symptoms at the time of entry into the trial, and were given radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of the two. बेरामिफोरनि हानजा जायनि तिउमार-होबथा सिकितसाया जाय लिखोनफोर नुजाजासिम दोनथनाया जायफोर हरखाबै फाहामजानाय बायदि मोजां सागाहोथनाय मोनो। The mean survival in the wait-and-see group was 8.4 months, whereas in the groups treated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or their combination, it was 8.3, 8.7 and 8.8 months, respectively. लेनसेता आरेल केनसारखौ गोब्राब ख्लिनिक्ल जेंना बायदि बर्नायदोंमोन, आरो दुखु खालामो दि इंलेनड आरो ह’एलसनि खावसेनि बारा intro-oral केनसार गोनां बेराममिफोरा गावसोरखौनो बेरामनि उन बाहागोआव दनथिबाय। Cancer of the lung usually starts in a large bronchus, and thus is often referred to as bronchial cancer or bronchial carcinoma. गावनि गाबगोनां जिबख्रिफोरनिफ्राय जानाय मोनसे बिगुर केनसारा मेगन, गुंग्राय बिदलाब, आरो गुबुन बिदामफोरनिफ्रायबो जानो हागौ। The group of patients whose anti-tumour treatment was delayed until symptoms appeared obtained as good palliation as those treated immediately. ने आरो नाय हानजायाव (mean) थांनाथानाया 8.4 दान, जेराव रेडिअथेरेपि, केम’थेरेपि एबा बिसोरनि गलायमेनदेर जों सिकितसा खालामजानाय हानजायाव, फारियै 8.3, 8.7, आरो 8.8 दानमोन । The authors of the report felt that their results offered no evidence that immediate treatment by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy leads to prolongation of survival or to prevention of incapacitating symptoms in patients with inoperable bronchial carcinoma. सुबुंनाव केनसारनि जानाया गोबां सिनायजायै जिनफोरजों सामलायजायो (बेनिखायनो बांजोलै (polygBOic)/गोबां-जाहोग्रायारि (multi-factorial) उनमोनथाय बुंजायो) जाय जासैबो फालोनि जिनजों गोरोबनाय, थिरांथा खालाम केनसारा जागोन ना जाया। On the contrary, if one bothers to scan the literature, there are ample articles on just this subject' showing the natural course' of unoperated cholelithiasis, of untreated breast cancer, and so on for gastric/duodenal ulcer, mitral stenosis and cancers of esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. गुबुन मोनथाम हानजाफोरा सिकितसा मोनदोंमोन आनजादाव सोनायनि समाव बिसोरहा लैखोनफोर दं ना गैया बाबो, आरो रेडिअथेरेपि, केम’थेरेपि, एबा मोननैनि गलायमेनदेरफोर होजायो। An important cancerlogical reality is that all cancer from the time of inception, through five to fifteen years, to the time of diagnosis are discreetly hidden' and painless. जिथाम बोसोरनि बावसिन थांनाथानाय बेरामिया इउरेसिआनमोन जाय फुरा गावनि ‘लोमजानायाव’ सिकियसाखौ नेउसिदों। More importantly, many cancers continue to be painless even after being diagnosed at the primary of the metastatic site. जिबख्रि बाहागो-राननाय आरो अनजिमा- बांनायनि बिगियानखौ सायत’किनेतिक्स बुङो। It was the same painlessness of cancer that allowed a Mayo, a Willkie, or a Dorn to continue to work peacefully up to the time the widespread and inoperable cancer was diagnosed, and death followed fairly soon after the open and close procedure. केनसारनि गोब्राबथिया जेब्ला अनुबिक्षन जनथ्र’जों नायजायो सरासनस्रा निफ्राय बेनि जिबख्रिनि गाबस्रानायाव थोंयै समान रुजुथायगोनां सानना लाजायो। The Lancet described oral cancer as an obstinate clinical problem, and lamented that more than half of all patients in England and Wales with intro-oral cancer, presented themselves at a late stage of the disease. बे ओंथिआ गोजाम फ्रेन्स डेसआइस निफ्राय दिहुनजादों (डेस – आंखाल नि आरो आइस –आराम) आरो थारैनो फोरमायो आराम-गैयै एबा आरामनि आंखाल। The truth is that it is in the very nature of cancer to be painless during the major part of its existence in the patient's body. सैथोआ जादों दि बेयो केनसारनि थार आखु बेरामिनि देहायाव बेनि जानायनि गेदेरसिन खोनदाव सानाय-गैयै जानो। Like Nature, cancer is cruel but cancer is kind. सांग्रांहोनाया गाहामनङै मानोना बेयो थैनायनि उनाव जानाय थाथाय बायदि हरखाबै जाहोयो, गाज्रिसिननि अरायथा आसाजों, बेरामि एबा फाहामगिरि-बेरामिनि थाखायबो। And cancer is painless, because it is, teleologically speaking, meant to be so. खुगानि आलोउनायजों लोगोसे बेयाव फिसा, सानायगोनां गाराइ दं। This is a lymphoma with characteristic microscopic picture, commoner at younger age. मोनसे केनसारजाहोग्राखौ हेफाजाबहोनाय गुदिमुवाखौ लोगोकेनसारजाहोग्रा बुङो आरो बेनि खामानिखौ हेंथाहोग्रा मोनसेखौ हेंथाकेनसारजाहोग्रा बुङो। A patient who neglects' a cancer does so because the cancer does not, for long, dis-ease him or her. बेफोरो केनसारनि जिबख्रि जाय गोदो गोदाय जुनारफोरनाव ओंखारोमोना बोसोर बोसोरसिम (over the years) मोजांखालामजाबाय आनजाद नोलि आरो जुनारफोरनाव फारि फारियै फिसा जागि होजादों। Let us now consider the problem of a woman with a silent breast lump: If it is non-cancerous, nothing need be done. 249 बेरामिफोरखौ जेरै मेरैनो रानबाय हाखावनोहायै ब्रंखाइल कार्सिन’माजों, सिमायाव दोननाय, जेरबा, मोनब्रै गुबुन बाहागोयाव, मोनोफ्रोमबो गुबुनै सिकितसा खालामहानाय। If it is cancerous, you are too late to do anything. धमनीफोरनि रोजाजानाय आरो गोराजानायया बोरायनायनि सरासनस्रा बाहागो। A rational conclusion is that nothing, diagnostic or therapeutic, should be done for this patient. बेयो लिम्फअमा मेगननुसयै सावगारि आखुथाइ, उनदै बैसोआव सरासनस्रासिन। Strange as this proposition may seem, it is fully backed by established cellular and tumoural cancerrealities. बे ओंथिआ फाहामगिरिनि बांद्राय फोथायनाय एबा लोक्षोन (diagnostic) आरो इयुन दिनथिग्रानि (prognostic) बेरामियाव इलेकत्रकारडिअग्रामनि (इसिजि) माब्लाबा गुसुंयै इकेजि नायफिननाय बायदि खामानियाव गोनां खौ बर्नायनो। An old man found to have a hard but silent prostatic nodule on routine checkup' need not be benevolently dragged into the consciousness of having cancer. बेयो कलप’स्कप बुंजानाय जनत्र’जों जो-आयोन आरो गोदोनानि आनजादनायनाय जाय रोखा आरो गेदेर खालामनानै जगायो। The diagnosis is, non-committally and correctly, a breast lump, a prostatic nodule, and the like. बेनो फारिखानथिआ जायजों मोनसे जिबख्रिआ गुबुन रोखोमनि जिबख्रियाव गावनि आखुखौ सोलायनो सोलायो। It will be a great day for rational medicine when the physician acquires the right not to diagnose, and therefore not to treat, a cancer which is at peace with its owner. बेरामिया हासुनायाव सिनि हगारनायनि थाखाय माया सरासनस्रा डायेबेटिज होनना मिथिजानाया मेडिकेलि डायेबेटिज मेलितास (सिनि डायेबेटिज) मुंख’जायो। Outrageous as this proposition may seem, it pleads that the patient be spared mental death prior to the cancer's turning obtrusive on the patient's senses. जेब्ला केनसारा गिबि जायगा निफ्राय बोखारजायो, उफेरा गुबुन जायगा/फोराव गावखौनो गिबिनिफ्राय देहायारि गाज्रिजालांनायाव फ’जयो, बेयो नैथि एबा दाबसेयाव-सोलायनाय केनसार जाखांबाय बुंजायो। It may be argued that unless the patient is warned in advance, he may be caught unawares by the disease. जाखानाय केनसारखौ ज’लाबोनो जेब्ला सरासनस्रा जिबख्रिफोरा मलम फुनजायो, बेयो गोदान-सोदेरनाय एबा गोदान-केनसारेसन बुङो। The warning when expressly denied by the physician does not spare a patient sudden cancerous or cardiac illness or death. इसाराया सासे बेरामिखौ हरखाब केनसार एबा बिखाबेराम लोमजानाय एबा थैनायनिफ्राय रैखा खालामा जेब्ला गोसोबादियै देहा फाहामगिरिजों नेवसिजायो। The AACT ought to publicize the unrecognized and unsung benignancy of cancer, the unpredictability of cancer, the hazardous nature of all forms of cancer therapy, the damned-if-you-do' and the damned- if-you-don't' experience of all cancer therapists, and, above all, that even cancer permits of the patient being left alone. एएसिति केनसारनि सिनायहायि आरो मिथिजायि अननाय, केनसारनि इयुनफोरमायथावि, केनसार फाहामथायनि गासै महरफोरनि खहागोनां आखु, ‘नों मावोब्ला गाज्रिजानाय’ आरो ‘नों मावाब्ला गाज्रिजानाय’ गासै केनसार फाहामथायफोरनि रोंगौथि, मोनसे फोस्रावनो नागिरो। After a week of the all-fruit diet, the patient can gradually adopt a well-balanced diet with a predominantly alkaline base. गासै-फिथाइ-आदारनि हाबथासे उनाव, बेरामिया लासै-लासै गोख्रोंसिनै खारदै गोनां मोजां-सुथायखाजा नाजावनो हागौ। The AACT may eventually manage to get financial aid from government or other agencies by showing that AACT could mean a lot of saving on the enormous monies spent directly or indirectly on cancer every year, the whole world over. थोंजोङै ऐबा खेंसालियायै गासै मुलुगा केन्सारनि सायाव बोसोरफ्रोमबो गोबां बिबांनि रां खरसा खालमनायखौ ए.ए.सि.टियादि रैखाथि होनो हायो, बेखौ दिन्थिनानै ए.ए.सि.टिया सोरखार एबा गबुन गौथुमफोरनिफ्राय रांखान्थियारि अनसुंथायनि लाहार-फाहार खालामनो हायो। If the authenticity can be proved, the doctor's right to prognosticate is justified; if not, the physician can be requested to stop playing the prophet. जेब्ला गुदिखौ फोरमान खालामनो हायो, देहा फाहामगिरिया इउनजानोहाथावगौखौ बिजिरनो हायो; नङाब्ला देहा फाहामगिरिया दोहोरोमारिफोथायथिजों गेलेनायखौ दबथायनो थाखाय खावलायनो हायो। In the widely publicized court trial, the physician's prognosis was that Karen Ann Quinlan, the young American girl in a coma, would die soon if taken off the life-sustaining machines. बिजिरसालियाव सावरायज्लायनायखौ गुवारै बिफोस्रावनायबादिब्ला देहा फाहामगिरिनि हमदांहानाया जादों कमायाव(coma) थानाय आमेरिकानि सिख्ला केरेन एन कुइनलान -आ जिउ सुंथानाय जोन्थोरखौ बोखारब्ला थाबैनो थैनो हागौमोन। Her parents pleaded to the court for taking the plugs off so that Karen could die. बिनि बिमा-बिफाया बिजिरसालियाव मुखाखौ बोखारनो थाखाय गले-गले खावलायदोंमोन जाहाथे केरेनआ थैनो हायो। The state of the prognostic art leaves much to be desired. इउनबिबुंथि आरिमुनि फोरमायथिखौ बांसिन नागारनाया गोनां। Of the trilogy of disease, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, prognosis is the most difficult to evaluate. बेरामनि थामगोरोबथि- सिनायहानाय,बेरामनि आगु आखुथाय आरो जोथोन लानाय, बे मोनथामनि मादाव बेरामनि आगु आखुथायखौ नायबिजिरनो जोबाद गोब्राब। The accurate prediction of things to come is often most baffling, perplexing, and problematic. जानोगोनां बाथ्राफोरनि थि आनदाजखालामनाया सम-सम जोबोद थगायनाय, गोनोगोथो आरो जेंनागोनां। Remember that we are endowed with two eyes and two ears but with only one tongue. गोसोआव लाखिदि जों थायनै मेगन, फारनै खोमा नाथाय मोनसेल’ सालाय दानहोजादों। All told, medical prognostication is more of an art than a science. गासैबो बुंदोंमोन, देहाफाहामनाय इउनफोरमायथिया (prognostication) बिगियाननिख्रुय बांसिन आरिमुगोनांसिन। The authors know of a general practitioner's wife, in her forties, declared by some eminent cardiologists of Bombay to be free from any heart problem, dying suddenly of a heart attack barely fifteen days after being given a clean bill of health. बिखानि जेंनानिफ्राय उदां जानाय, सासे फालांगियारि देहा फाहामगिरिनि बिसिनि सोमोन्दै मिथिनाय लिरगिरिफोरा बम्बेनि खायसे गोख्रों देहा फाहामगिरिफोरनि फोस्रावनायबादिब्ला, मोजां देहानि बिगोमा महरै फोस्रावजानायनि जिबा सान उनावनो मैखुन गागलोबथिनि जाहोनाव हरखाबै थैनोबो हागौ। The first measure allows him to be condoned on the grounds of his benevolence; the latter measure provides a subtle defence for him, for rarely does a patient surviving longer-than-expected have the heart to find faults with his prognosticator. बिनि इयुनबुंथिगिरिखौ गोरनथि मोननो गोसोआ हासथायनायनिख्रुय आगोमायै गोबावसिन थांनाथानाय बेरामिनि थाखाय गिबि राहाया बिखौ बिनि गोसोगुवारनि हादोराव दायनिगिरि जानो गनायथियो, उननि राहाया बिनि थाखाय फोथायनोहायि होबथानाय जगायो। There are doctors who, to show their worth and to be sure of an excuse, make bad seem worse and of the worse make a disaster. गावसोरनि बेसेनखौ दिनथिनो आरो मोनसे बाहानाखौ रोखाखालामनो देहाफाहामगिरिफोर दं जाय गाज्रि मोनदांथिखौ गाज्रिसिन खालामो आरो गाज्रिसिना मोनसे जोबस्रांनाय खालामो। The reasons why a cancer prognosticator feels so sure of himself, are many. सासे केन्सारनि आगुलैखोनसंग्राया गावनो गाव जोबोद रोखा मोनदांथिनायनि जाहोनफोरा गोबां। His diagnostic and therapeutic skills register advances every day. बिनि बेरामसिनायहानाय आरो बेरामफाहामनायबिगियान रोंगुनफोर फारिलायथिसननाया सानफ्रोमबो बाङो। His assessment of a cancer case is seemingly complete - clinical examination, endoscopy, an arsenal of investigations, and the findings at the operation. बिनि मोनसे केनसार जाथायखौ बिजिरनाया नुनायाव आबुं- सिकितसायारि आनजाद, इसिङारिबिजिरनाय, नायबिजिरथिफोरनि मोनसे दोनथुमथि आरो मावफुंथायनि जाउनफोर। Yet despite this impressive array of aids to prognosis, the prognosticator encounters unreliability, at every stage. आगुलैखोनसंनो हेफाजाबफोरनि गोहोमगोनां नांगौबादिसाजायनाय थासेयावबो आगुलैखोनसंग्राया मोनफ्रोमबो थाखोआव सोनारजाथाविजोंसो मोगामोगि जायो। What he has always thought to be an early cancer has rarely been so. बियो जायखौ जेब्लाबो केनसारनि जागायनाय सानबाय बेयो बिबदियानो नङा। Cancer cytology is highly arbitrary and therefore unreliable. केन्सार जिबख्रिबिगियाना बांसिनै हमनालाजानाय आरो बेखायनो सोनारजाथावि। Histology does not fare any better. जिबदाथायबिगियाना जेखौबो मोजांसिन खालामा। Contrary to the experience of some workers, we have not found that the histology of biopsy specimens offers any useful guide to prognosis or management. खायसे मावथिफोरनि मोनदांथिनि बेरेखा, जों मोनाखैदि बायपसि नमुनाफोरनि जिबदाथायबिगियाना आगुलैखोनसंनाय एबा सामलायथिनो जेबो बाहायजाथाव दिथा होयो। This is not an uncommon event, in big cities with big cardiac clinics, where a human being elatedly walks out of the cardiologist's consulting room, with completely normal EKG (ECG), only to collapse to death from a heart attack, barely a few yards away from the clinic. बेयो गेदेर नोगोरनि गेदेर देहाफाहामगिरिनि देहाफाहामसालियाव जाफ्लेबायथायि जाथाय नङा,जेराव सासे मानसिया सासे देहा फाहामगिरिनि देहा जोथोन लानाय खथानिफ्राय आबुङै इकेजि (इसिजि) नि मोजां फिथाय लाना दुगायै ओंखारबोनायाबो खथानिफ्राय थाम फुतसो गोजानावनो बिखा गागलोबथिनि जाहोनाव थैनो हागौ। This 1970 generalization by Ho - in whose series most cancers were undifferentiated - is similar to the 1960 generalization by Sutherland that, at present, prognostically different cancers are often morphologically indistinguishable. हनि बे 1970 गोरोबथावखानथिया, जायनि फारियाव बांसिन केनसारफोरखौ आलादाखालामाखैमोन, सुदारलेण्डनि 1960 गोरोबथावखानथिजों एखेदि, दासानदि आगुलैखोनबादियै गुबुनगुबुन केनसारफोरा समसम महरबिथिङै फारागखालामजाथावि। The grading and staging of cancers represent, the valiant efforts by prognosticators at playing the prophet, depending on apparently objective criteria; but' a given carcinoma may be graded II one day and III next, or vice versa, depending on the functional tone of the gastrointestinal tract of the pathologist or the barometric pressure. केनसारफोर दिनथिनायनि खोलोब आरो थाखोखालामनाय, धोरोमफोथायथिजों गेलेनायाव आगुलैखोनसंग्राजों गिनोरोङै गोहोहोजानाया रोखा बेसादारि बिजिरनायखानथिनि सायाव सोनारो; नाथाय मोनसे होखानाय कारसिनमाया खामानिनि सायाव सोनारनानै सानसे थाखो ii आरो उननिसानाव iii एबा उलथायै जानोहागौ। Writing on the grading of the adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum, Boyd comments that while statistically it is possible to establish some agreement between the grade, lymph node involvement, prognosis, and so on, this does not mean that it is of prognostic value in the individual patient. बिबुगेदेर आरो खिलामानि एदेन’ कारसिनमानि थाखोनि सायाव लिरनानै बयदआ बिबुंथिदोंदि जेब्ला अनजिमालेथायारियै थाखो, लिम्फ गानथि थाफानाय, आगुलैखोन आरो बायदिफोरनि गेजेराव खायसे गनायथि गायसननाया जाथावना, बेयो ओंथिफोरमायादि बेयो जौगानायनिफ्राय जादों। Prognosis is cancer, like in other branches, is a judgement based on circumstantial evidence, but no judgement can be respected when the evidence is largely suspected. बेरामनि गुबुन दालायफोरबादि केनसारनि आगुलैखोनसंनाया रोखा फोरमाननि सायाव सोनारनाय मोनसे बिजिरथि, नाथाय जेबो बिजिरथियानो मानहोजानाय नङा जेब्ला फोरमाना गुवारै सनदेखालामजायो। However, his detecting cancer at one or more sites is no guarantee that the cancer is not additionally present elsewhere. नाथाय मोनसे एबा बांसिन जायगाफोराव बिनि केनसार संनाया जेबो गेरेन्ति गैयादि उफेरायै केनसारा गुबुन जायगायाव नुजाथिया। Despite such ignorance, an all too common pitfall is the urge to make favourable prognoses on the basis of early treatment. बेबादि नेवसिसेयावबो, मोनसे जोबोरैनो जाफ्लेबायथानाय गोमोथावजेंनायानो जादों आगु सिकितसानि बिथायाव साबजाथाव आगुलैखोनसंनायनि गोख्रोंलुबैनाय। It was as early as in 1936 that Nathanson and Welch reported that in their series of breast carcinoma, patients with the shortest delay of the treatment have the worst prognosis. बेयो 19 नि गिबि सममोनदि नाथानसन आरो वेल्सआ फोरमायदोंमोनदि गावसोरनि आबु कारसिनमा फारियाव, सिकितसायाव इसे गोबाव खालामनाय बेरामिफोरहा गाज्रिसिन आगुलैखोन थानो जागौ। Not infrequently, a prognosis of doom proves wrong, and the patient survives, showing that the prognosticator had seen a disaster greater than was in stored for the patient. गलेगलेनङियै नङा, इयुनबुंथिगिरिया बेरामिनि थाखाय लाखिजानायनिख्रुय बांसिन दुखुगोनां नुनाय फोरमायनानै सासे गोजोनगैयि इयुनबुंथिगिरिया गोरोनथि फोरमानहोयो, आरो बेरामिया थांनाथायो। From them the practitioner recognizes the wind direction; he knows nothing of wind velocity, or of weather conditions such as temperature, humidity or visibility. बिसोरनिफ्राय प्रेकतिसनारआ बार बिथिंखौ सिनायथियो; बियो बार खारथाय एबा बोथोर थासारिफोरनि जेबो मिथिया जेरै बादि बिदुं, दै-खफ’ एबा नुथावना। The prognosticating physician is, by and large, unaware of the weather-vane-nature of statistics which come to him as definite, reliable, proved-correct-generation-after-generation figures in authoritative writings on diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, hypertension, or various cancers. आगुलैखोनबेखेवनाय देहाफाहामगिरिया बांसिन समाव, अनजिमालेथायनि हुयेदार-भेन-नेसारनि सांग्रांथि गैया जाय बिनिसिम थि, फोथायथाव, दायबेतिस मिलितासनि सायाव मोनथायगोनां लिरथायफोराव फोरमानगोनां-थार-फोलेरफारिनि उनाव-फोलेरफारि महर, थैदोआरि मैखुन दिस बादि फैयो। Cancer, for a long period, exercises discreet silence before dis-easing a person. गोबाव समनि थाखाय, केनसारा सासे सुबुंखौ बेरामाव खोखलैनायनि आगोल सिरियै गाग्लोबो। The prognosticator has nothing to guide him in an individual case - for which he can, at best, retrognosticate or be wise after the event. इयुनबुंथिगिरिया हारसिंनि बिथिङाव बिखौ बोसोनहोनो जेबोगैया- जायनि थाखाय बियो हायो, साबसिनथारै, रित्रगनसतिकेत एबा जाथायनि उनाव गियानि जानाय। Backed by an implicit faith in the truth of large numbers, the prognosticator finds it convenient to extrapolate the herd data to an individual, ignoring the fact that the extrapolation is fraught with Heisenbergian uncertainty. गोबां अनजिमानि सैथोनि मोनसे रोखा फोथायथिजों हेफाजाबहोजानाय आगुलैखोनसंगिरिया सासे सुबुंनो हानजा जबांखौ सरासनस्राखालामनो बेखौ खाबुगोनां मोनो, जाय थारखौ नेवसियोदि सरासनस्राखालामनाया हाइजेनबार्गनि रोखानङैजों लोरबांखालामजायो। In biological problems, variable factors of considerable complexity often are present, the necessary consideration of which distinguishes biometry from statistology. जिबबिगियानारि जेंनाफोराव गनायजाथाव बेलेबेजेनि सोलायसुला जाहोनफोरा समसम नुजाथियो, जायनि गोनां गनायथिया अनजिमालेथायारिमावराहानिफ्राय अनजिमालेथायारिजिबबिगियानखौ फारागखालामो। Such warnings escape the eyes of the prognosticator and so he continues to prognosticate despite Heisenberg or McDonald. बेफोरबादि सामोलफोरा आगुलैखोनसंगिरिनि मेगनखौ एरायखेयो आरो बेखायनो बियो हाइजेनबार्ग एबा मेगदनालद थासेयावबो आगुलैखोनसंनायखौ सोलिहोगासिनोथायो। Even when he employs statistical prognosis, the prognosticator probably neglects cautionary statements often appearing at the very beginning of the text. अन्जिमालेथायारि आगुलैखोनसंनायखौ बियो बाहायोब्लाबो, जानोहागौ आगुलैखोनसंगिरिया लिरथायनि जागायजेननायावनो समसम नुजानाय सांग्रांथि फोरमायथिफोरखौ नेवसियो। It is true in diabetes mellitus as in other chronic diseases that the prognosis for the patient is extraordinarily individual. गुबुन गोलावसम बेरामबादिनो डाइबेतिस मेलितासआवबो बेयो सैथोदि बेरामिनि थाखाय आगुलैखोनसंनाया आलादारोखोमै गावारि। Generalization with regard to prognosis may be based on averages in special groups and for special complications; nevertheless, wide variations are found in the duration of life and the presence or absence of diabetic sequelae within each group. बेरामनि आगुलैखोनसंनाय सोमोन्दै सरासनस्राखालामनाया जर’खा हानजाफोरनि गरफोराव सोनारनो आरो जर’खा जेंनाफोरनि थाखाय जानो हागौ; थेवबो गुवार रोखोमफोरखौ जिउनि बुब्लियाव आरो मोनफ्रोम हानजानि गेजेराव दायबेतिसारि दाखोन नुजानाय एबा नुजायियाव मोनो। Brooke, writing on cancer, described prognosticating as perhaps the most important act in medicine. ब्रुकआ केनसारनि सायाव लिरनानै आगुलैखोनसंनायखौ मुलिनि जोबोद गोनांथार खामानि जाथावना महरै फोरमायदोंमोन। And perhaps, this is true for altogether different reasons, namely to share with the patient and his near- ones the usually unacknowledged medical ignorance on cancer and to let the patient know that cancer can be as kind as it can be cruel. आरो जानोहागौ, बेयो जयै गुबुनगुबुन जाहोनफोरनि थाखाय सैथो, बुंनो थाङोब्ला केनसारनि सायाव सरासनस्रायै गनायथि होजायि देहाफाहामसालि नेवसिथिखौ बेरामि आरो गावनि खाथि सोमोनदोआरिफोरजों फोरमायलायनाय आरो केनसारआ जेसेनो अनजाथाव बेयो एसेनो थिउरिया जानो हागौ, बेखौबो बेरामिनो मिथिहोनाय। The time of prognosticating is the time to talk things over with the patient. आगुलैखोनसंनायनि समानो जादों बेरामिजों बाथ्राफोरखौ सावरायनायनि सम। Knowing that the duration of undiagnosable and asymptomatic cancer is pretty long, the cancers in the above two physician-patients must have remained discreetly hidden for many years before turning symptomatic; and for all the time that the cancers were left undiagnosed ( and untreated) , both the surgeons were mercifully spared the Keatsian posthumous existence. मिथिनाय जादोंदि गुदि संनो हायि आरो संनो हानाय केन्सारनि बुब्लिया मोजाङैनो गोलाव समनि जायो, गोजौनि मोन्नै हारिनि केन्साराव देहाफाहामगिरि-बेरामिफोरा केन्सार जानाय गासै बुब्लियाव आरो बेखौ सिनायहानायनि आगोल गोबाव बोसोरसिम सिरियै थाथारनांगौ जायो। It is the time to act as a patient's friend by providing him with the drive to dare the disease, and to live with it. बेनो जादों बेरामखौ होखारनो, आरो बेजों थांनाथानो बिखौ साहस होनानै बेरामिनि सासे लोगो महरै खमानि मावनायनि सम। Prognosis involves exploring and exposing areas from where assurance can be had and destroying areas from where unwarranted fear stems. आगुलैखोनसंनाया संदाननाय आरो बेंफोरनाय जायगाफोर जेरावनिफ्राय आसाहोनायखौ मोननो हायो आरो जोबस्रांनाय जायगाफोर जेरावनिफ्राय दाथिजायि गिनाया नुजानायखौ सरजाबफायो । Cancer patients often live in depression and it is for the prognosticating physician to pull them out into living a year - saying life that meets with the Kiplingian urge to fill every irretrievable minute with sixty seconds' worth of distance run. केन्सार बेरामिया सम सम जिंगायाव थांना थायो आरो बेयो आगुलैखोनसंनाय देहाफाहामगिरिया जिवा जाय गोजान खारनायनि बेसेननि दजि सेकेण्डफोर गोनां मोननोहाफिनि मोनफ्रोम मिनितफोरखौ सुफुंनो किप्लिङारि लुबैनायजों लोगोहमलायो बुंनानै बिसोरखौ बोसोरसे जिवखुंनायाव बोनालाबनायनि थाखाय। Prognosticating includes protecting the patient against the tyranny of lay and medical articles rich in well-intentioned scare- mongering. आगुलैखोनसंनाया बेरामिखौ गियानगैबाङिनि सिगिनाय आरो गासोजानानै सिगिनाय आबुं देहाबिगिनारि लिरबिदांफोरनि हेंथायै बेरामिखौ रैखाहोनायखौ लाफायो। Carcinoma of the lung in a smoker, or carcinoma of the stomach in a gourmet, or carcinoma of the cervix in a woman who has loved live, is no Dostoevskian story of Crime and Punishment. सासे सोबग्रानि समफ्लनि केरसिनमा, एबा सासे गोथावजासुलानि भाण्डारनि केरसिनमा, एबा जिउखौ मोजांमोननाय सासे आयजोनि फिसाख’मोखाङाव जानाय केरसिनमाया डस्तयेभस्किनि क्राइम एण्ड पानिसमेननि सल’ नङा। The occurrence of a lethal laryngeal cancer, in that sage from Dakshineshwar, Ramakrishna Paramahansa - whom Wilson calls a great mystic, a God-intoxicated saint - was certainly no retribution from a wrathful God. डाकसिनेछरनि सासे साधु, रामक्रिष्ण परमाहनसाआ जायखौ उइलसनआ सासे गेदेर इसोर फोथायसुला, सासे गसाइनि फारसे निसा गोनां साधु बुंदों, बिनि हांनालानि इसे गोजौबाहागोआव जानाय गिलु-बालु केन्सारा थिउरिया गसाइनिफ्राय जेबो अनफिथाइ मोनाखैमोन। What I do not know, is unfathomable. आं जायखौ मिथिया, बेयो फोरमायसहायि। What I do know, is sharable. आं जायखौ मिथिगौ, बेयो फोरमायलायजाथाव। Herd-realism, normal distribution, Gompertz function, curves of disease-specific mortality, etc, are subtle and inexorable indicators of the fact that an individual, despite all his unprecedented, unparalleled and unrepeatable uniqueness, is herd-dependent with respect to many features. मोगथाङारि-सुबुंहानजा, समानै राननाय, गमपारतजनि खामानि, थि थैनाय-बेरामनि खेंख्राहांखोफोर, बाइदि-बाइदिफोरा सोलोगोनां आरो सिमानजाहोनोहायि बै जाथायनि दिनथिगिरिफोरदि सासे सुबुङा बिनि गासै आगुगैयै, लिगनङै आरो मोननोगैयै फिनजाफिनिसेयावबो हानजा सोनारसुला। In his chapter on the Statistical study of tumours,' Willis emphasizes that the age distribution of a sufficiently large series of cancer deaths, in a population, provides a smooth ideal curve' of normal distribution. गावनि “तिउमारफोरनि अन्जिमालेथायारि नायबिजिरनाय’ आयदायाव उइलिसआ जरहोयोदि, मोनसे सुबुंअनजिमायाव केन्साराव थैनायफोरनि थोजासेयै गेदेर फारिफोरनि बैसो राननाया सरासनस्रा राननायनि मोनसे मोजां आदरसबादि खेंख्राहांखो जगायो। Physicians, who contemplate the view that cancer may not always be treated would have to bear in mind, however, the modern litigious society comprising patients prone to turn litigant against the doctors on not getting what they paid for or were ready to pay for. केनसारखौ जेबलाबो जोथोन लाजाबायथाया होनना जायफोर देहा फाहामगिरिफोरा गोथौवै सानहाबनाय नोजोरजों नायनायखौ गोसो सिङाव सहायना थानांगौ जायो, गोदान नांलायग्रा समाजा बिसोर मा होदों एबा होनायनि राजिनि थाखाय मोनियाव बेरामफाहामगिरिफोरनि बेरेखायै नांलायग्रा जानो बेरामिफोर जानोहाथाव खालामो। This normality of distribution is a herd-function, and, at an individual level, it depends on the point of the curve one falls on so as to die of cancer at the age of eighteen, or ninety-eight. बे राननायनि साबजाथावा मोनसे हानजा-खामानि, आरो मोनसे गावारि थाखोआव, जिदाइन एबा गुजिदाइन बोसोर बैसोआव सासे मानसिया केनसाराव जेरै थैनांगौमोन बिदि खेंख्राहांखोनि बिन्दोनि सायाव सोनारो। To the present set to die of cancer at eighteen, ( as well as to his near ones), it is chaotic' that he should be so victimized' by Nature. जिदाइन बोसोर बैसो, (आरो बेनि खाथि-खाला) बैसोयाव केन्साराव थैनायनि आथिखालनि महरा बेले-बेजेदि बियो मिथिंगाजों बोलि होजानाय जानांगोन। But if he and the others realize that his chaos' is a part of the orderly ideal' curve, the sense of persecution is likely to be minimized. नाथाय बिनि बेले-बेजेखौ बियो एबा गुबुनफोरा नेम मथै बोरला हांखो बोनायनि मोनसे बाहागो होनना सानोब्ला बिदि उदखारि मोनदांथिखौ खम खालामजाथाव। Prognostication in cancer should include retrognostication consisting in explaining to the patient that his cancer, dis-easing him now, has been with him for five to fifteen years. केनसार आगुलैखोनसंनाया बेरामिखौ बिनि केनसार, बिखौ दा बेराम जाहोनाया बानिफ्राय जिबा बोसोर बिजों दंफागासिनो, बेखौ फोरमायथिनायखौ सरजाबनानै आगुलैखोनसंफिननायखौ सरजाबफानांगौ। Further, that the earliness or lateness of a cancer lies in the mind of the clinician, and not in the cancer. आरोबाव केन्सारनि आगुयै एबा गोबावै जानाया देहाफाहामगिरिनि गोसोआव गोसारना थायो आरो केनसाराव थाया। The patient's cancer realism that he is harbouring a cellular phenomenon of which even the prognosticator is only as wise as he himself can make him an equally important participant in the fight against the disease. बेरामिया केनसारजों मोगामोगि जानाया बेनोदि बियो मोनसे जिबख्रिगोनां सोमोनांथाव जाथाय जायगाहोगासिनो दं जायनि आगुलैखोनसंगिरियाबोल’ बियो गावनो बिखौ बेरामनि हेंथायै जुजिनायाव समानै गोनां बाहागोलाग्रा खालामनो हायो। In the absence of such realism, the patient suffers from a sense of singular victimization out of the frustration that medicine and medical men are not offering him his due. बेफोरबादि सैथोथि गैयियाव बेरामिया गोसोबायनानै हारसिं भुगिनांनायनि मोनसे मोनदांथियाव भुगियोदि मुलै आरो मेदिकेल सुबुंफोराबो बिनि होनोगोनांखौ होनो हाया। Prognosticating includes admitting investigational limitation and therapeutic impotence. आगुलैखोनसंनाया बिजिरसंनायनि सिमना थिसननाय आरो थेरापिउतिक लोरबांथिखौ लाफायो। Acne is perhaps the most common chronic skin disease. जानोहागौ एकनिया बांसिनै जाफ्लेबायथाग्रा गोबावसम बिगुर बेराम। It is an inflammatory condition of the sebaceous (that is, fat) glands and hair follicles usually found on the face, the neck, chest and shoulders. बेयो मोनसे सरासनस्रायै मोखां, गोदना, बिखा आरो फाफ्लिफोराव मोननाय मेजेमारि(मेजेम) ग्लेण्डफोर आरो खानाय बिखोबफोरनि मोनसे दलाबनाय थासारि। As things stand today, medical, judicial, legal, and general public opinion would tend to hold unimpeachable a play- safe' man who treats every cancer case, but would not pardon a doctor refusing to treat until he absolutely must. आथिखालाव बाथ्राफोरा गसंथिनाय महरै, मेदिकेल, आयेनारि, आयेनगोनां, आरो सरासनस्रा सुबुं बिबुंथिया दाय गैयि सासे प्ले-सेफ सुबुं मोननो लुबैयो जाय मोनफ्रोमबो केनसार जाथायखौ जोथोन लायो, नाथाय बियो खालामथाराजासिम देहाफाहामगिरिया सिकितसा खालामनो नेवसिनायखौ निमाहा होनाय नङा। Approximately, eight out of ten young people between the ages of 12 and 24 suffer from some degree of acne. 12 आरो 24 बोसोर बैसोनि साजि लाइमोन सेंग्राफोरनि मादाव सादाइन-फ्रामानो खायसे जखानि एनियाव भुगियो। It is closely related to the disturbance in the hormones experienced at puberty. जौमोनाव रोंमोनदांनाय हरफोरनि खायसोआव बेयो खाथि सोमोनदो दं। The majority of patients recover between the ages 20 and 30 years. 20 आरो 30 बोसोर बैसो गेजेरनि बांसिन बेरामिफोरानो हामो। But it is still common in men over 30 years. नाथाय बेयो 30 नि बांसिन बैसोनि मानसिफोरनियाव दासिम जाफ्लेबायथानाय। In women, it rarely lasts beyond the early thirties and is normally worse before each menstrual period. आयजोफोरनाव, बेयो आगु थामजि बोसोर बैसो बारगा जोबोद खमै जोरो आरो सरासनस्रायै मोनफ्रोमबो मासिजानाय समनि आगोलाव गाज्रिसिन जायो। The disease causes a great deal of embarrassment at an age when people tend to be sensitive about personal appearance. बे बेरामा मोनसे बैसोयाव गोबां बिबांनि उसुखुथु सोमजिहोयो जेबला मानसिफोरा गावारि नुसारथि सोमोनदै सांग्रां जानो नाजायो। The skin, covering the entire body, is a marvellous and intricate mechanism. गासै देहाखौनो खोबना लानाय बिगुरा मोनसे गोमोथाव आरो जेथोगोनां मावराहा। It serves three main purposes, namely protection of the inner organism, regulation of body temperature and elimination of cell waste and systematic refuse. बेयो मोनथाम गुबै थांखिफोरनि खामानि मावो, मुंथियै इसिङारि जिउ रैखाथि, देहा दुंथायनि नेम आरो उदायि जिबख्रि आरो खान्थिगोनां नेवसिनायखौ होखारनाय। The skin is directly connected to and intimately bound up with the working of the whole system. बिगुरा थोंजोङै गासै खानथिनि खामानिजों सोमोनदो गोनां आरो आंगोथारै खाबथाजानाय। All skin diseases, including acne, are the outcome of malfunctioning of the body as a whole. एकनिखौ लाफानानै, गासै बिगुरबेरामफोरानो ज’यै देहानि थिरोखोमखामानिहोयिनिफ्राय नुजायो। The position of such a risker' can be rendered progressively safe only by making the physicians and the public - lay, legal, judicial - swallow the insipid but helpful pill that no treatment is also a form of treatment. बेफोरबादि मोनसे खैफोद जाहोग्रानि थाथायखौ देहाफाहामगिरिफोर आरो रायजो-राजाफोरखौ बिबानहोनाय,आयेनगोनां, आयेनारि- बायदिखौ सहायहोनानैल’ गोबाङैनो रैखाथि गोनां होनना गनायजायो नाथाय जेबो सिकितसा गैयि हेफाजाब गोनां मुलियाबो सिकितसानि मोनसे महर। Acne is characterised by the presence of comedones or blackheads, pimples, small superficial sebaceous cysts and scars. बिगुरबेराम कमेदनफोरनि एबा गारायगोसोमखर’फोरन, सालमायफोर, बायजोआरि मेजेमगोनां गुगला आरो गारायदाखोनफोरनि नुजाथिनायजों आखुहोजायो। There are over half a dozen forms of acne. खावसे दरजननि बांसिन एकनिनि महरफोर दं। All of them are connected with the sebaceous glands or the glands connected with hair follicles. बेफोरनि गासैबोआनो मेजेमगोनां बिथोबफोर एबा खानाय बिखोबफोरजों सोमोनदो गोनां बिथोबफोरजों सोमोनदो दं। The most common form of acne is blackheads. एकनिनि जोबोद सरासनस्रा महरा जादों गारायगोसोमखर’फोर। The areas chiefly affected are the forehead, temples, cheeks, chin, the chest and back. गाहायै गोहोमखोख्लैजानाय जायगाफोरा जादों खाफाल, खाफालखुमफोर, खावलायफोर, खौखाब, जेरबा आरो बिखुं। In rare cases, almost the entire body may be covered with blackheads with extensive scarring. जोबोदखम बेलाफोराव, फ्राय गासै देहाया गोबां गारायदाखोनोफोरनि गारायगोसोमखर’फोरजों खोबजानो हागौ। All forms of acne have their origin in wrong food habits, such as irregular hours of eating, improper food, excess of starch, sugar and fatty foods. गासै महरनि एकनि सोमजिनाया गोरोन्थि आदारजानाय हुदाफोरनि थाखाय जायो, जैरै जानायनि थिनङि रिंगाफोर, मोजांनङि आदार, फुरजामुवानि बांद्रायनाय, गोदै आरो मेजेमबहरा आदारफोर। Chronic constipation is another major cause of acne. गोबावसम खिगोराजानाया एकनिनि गुबुनमोनसे गुबै जाहोन। If the bowels do not move properly, the waste matter is not eliminated as quickly as it should be and the blood stream becomes saturated with toxic matter. जेब्ला बिबौफोरा नांगौबादि दोरोदा, उदायि बेसादफोरखौ जेसेबां थाबै होखारनांगौमोन एसेबां थाबै होखारनो हाया आरो थै दाहारआ बिसगोनां मुवाजों सिजोबो। The extra efforts of the skin to eliminate this excess waste result in acne and other forms of skin disease. बे बांद्राय उदायिखौ होखारनो बिगुरनि उफेरा नाजानायफोरा एकनि आरो बिगुर बेरामनि गुबुन महरफोरखौ नुजाहोयो। To help achieve this seemingly impossible aim, enlightened physicians can start an Anoci - Association of Cancer Therapists (AACT) who moto should be primum non nocere. बेखौ मावफुंनायाव हेफाजाब होनायखौ जाथावि थांखिबादि मोनदाङो,गोरों गोरा देहाफाहामगिरिफोरा मोनसे एन’सि एस’सियेसन अफ केनसार थेरापिस्त (एएसिति) जागायनो हायो जायफोरनि थांखिया मोजां जानांगोन। Yet another important cause of acne is a devitalised condition of the skin resulting from unhygienic living habits. एकनिनि गुबुनमोनसेबाव गोनां जाहोना जादों सावस्रिनङि जिउखुंनाय हुदाफोरनिफ्राय नुजानाय बिगुरनि मोनसे लोरबां थासारि। Other contributing factors to the disorder are excessive use of tea, coffee, alcohol and tobacco, strenuous studies and sedentary habits which lead to indigestion and general debility. गाज्रिजानायाव बिहोमाहोनाय गुबुन जाहोनफोरा जाबाय बांद्राय साहा, कफि, जौ आरो थांखु बाहायनाय, गोब्राब बिजिरनाय आरो जिरायहाबनाय हुदा जाय दोगोनजायि आरो सरासनस्रा लोरबांथि जाहोयो। The treatment of acne by the administration of salves or ointment does not serve any purpose. गारायाव फुननाय मुलि एबा मलमनि खुंथायजों बिगुर बेरामनि सिकितसाया जेबो खामानि होआ। They only suppress the action of the sebaceous glands temporarily. दानदिसेयारियै बिसोर मेजेमगोनां बिथोबफोरनि खामानिखौल’ दबथायो। In nature cure, the main emphasis is on diet and certain water applications. मिथिंगा फाहामनायाव, गुबै जरहोनाया खाजा आरो रोखा दै बाहायनायफोरनि सायाव। To begin with, the patient should resort to an all-fruit diet for about a week. जागायजेननो बेरामिया सफथा मोनसेनि थाखाय मोनसे गासै-फिथाय-आदार फालिनांगौ। This regimen should consist of three meals a day, consisting of fresh juicy fruits, such as apples, pears, grapes, grapefruits, pineapples and peaches. बे जोथोनखानथियाव सानसेयाव थाजिम बिदैगोनां फिथाइ जेरै आफेलफोर, नास्पतिफोर, आंगुरफोर, आंगुरफिथायफोर रैमालिफोर आरो थायजौखहेफोर थाफानाय बोथिथाम खाजा थानांगौ। Citrus fruits, bananas, dried, stewed or tinned fruits should not be taken. गोखखै फिथाइफोर, थालिरफोर, गोरान, हांनाय एबा थेमायावदोननाय फिथाइफोरखौ जानाङा। Unsweetened lemon or plain water, either hot or cold, should be drunk and nothing else. गुदुं एबा गुसु, गोदैगैयि लेबु एबा दै-गोजा लोंनांगौ आरो जेबो नाङा। During this period, a warm water enema should be taken daily to cleanse the bowels and all other measures adopted to eradicate constipation. बे समाव, बिबुफोरखौ फोसाबनो दुंब्रुद दै एनेमा आरो खिगोरा जानायखौ होखारनो नाजावनाय गासै गुबुन राहाफोरखौ सानफ्रोमबो लानांगौ। Emphasis should be on raw foods, especially fresh fruits and vegetables, sprouted seeds, raw nuts and whole grain cereals, particularly millet and brown rice. गुदुं इपसम संख्रियाव सफथायाव खेबनै दुगैनाया गासैबो रोखोमनि सालमायनि थाखाय खामानिआवफैथाव। Sun and air baths, by exposing the whole body to sun and air, are highly beneficial. जौखौ जाग्रामुवा होन्नानै बुंनो हाया मानोना बेयो बिबुआव हाबनानैबो सोलाया एबा दोगोन जाया । There are various ways to tackle many of the allergic disturbances. गोहोम गोग्लैनाय जायगायाव खागजि नारेंनि बिदैजों सुनायाबो हेफाजाब मोनदों होननानै फोरमान जादों । Washing the affected area with lemon juice has also proved helpful. जौआ मिथिंगायाव मोनग्रा बेसाद नङा । Healing packs made of grated cucumbers, oatmeal cooked in milk, creamed carrots, used externally, have been found effective. जौआ लासैयैनो हुदा जालाङो । Packs should be applied and kept on for half an hour and then washed off with cold water. जौ लोंग्राफोरनि मोखाङा बुनायजों लोगोसे मेगना थैबायदि गोजा, गाराङा गोब्रा आरो उथुमायआ खरा मावो । A hot Epsom salt bath twice a week will be highly beneficial in all cases of acne. जौ लोंनायाबो मोनसे गिथाव समाजारि जेंना। This bath is prepared by adding three lbs. of Epsom salt to 60 litres of water having a temperature of about 100oF. The patient should remain in the bath from 25 to 35 minutes till he perspires freely. जौ लोंनाय बेरामा बांद्राय लोंनायनि थाखाय जायो । After the bath, the patient should cool off gradually. गासैबो गोथार खालामनाय जाग्रामुवाफोर जेरै सिनि, गुफुर मायरं, अननि लद्रानि बेसाद आरो गुफुर आटा आरो बेदरफोरखौ नागारनांगौ । The World Health Organisation has listed alcoholism as one of the three most deadly killer diseases of the 20th century. एलार्जिक फिनजाथाया गोबां रोखोमनि बेसाद आरो थासारिनि थाखाय जायो । Alcoholism is also a very serious social problem. सासे बेरामिया एलार्जि सोमजिहोग्रा मुवाफोरजों खाथि सोमोन्दोआव फैयोब्ला बेनाव एलर्जिक फिनजाथाया दसे समनि गेजेराव एबा माखासे घण्टानि एबा माखासे साननि उनावबो जानो हागौ । It often brings poverty and a certain amount of crime and frequently results in marital unhappiness and broken homes. जानायनि गोरोन्थि आरो जानला-मानला थानायनि थाखाय जानाय होबथाग्रानि खमायनाय आरो देहासिंनि सुखुगैयैखौ एलार्जिआ फोरमोयो । Further, short periods on the all-fruit diet for three days or so may be necessary at monthly intervals till the skin's condition improves. जाथायफारि सिन्थायाव भुगिनाय सासे सुबुङा साधारन जाग्रा बेसाद एबा जेरावबो मोनग्रा जिराद जेरै पेट्रोलनि उखुन्दैखौबो सहायनो हाया । It also leads to numerous traffic violations and accidents. एलार्जिआ देहानि जायखिजाया अंगआवनो गोहोम खोख्लैनो हायो। Alcohol is not a product found in nature. आरोबाव, एलार्जिआ जाग्रामुवाखौ फिन खालामनाया थाबैनो एबा गोबावयैबो जानो हागौ । It results from decomposition and as such belongs to a family of poisons. बिनि बादैबो, फिथायनि बिदैखौबो लानो हायो । Ethyl alcohol, the main intoxicating ingredient in wine, beer and distilled liquor is a toxic drug which depresses the brain and nervous system. एलार्जि सोमजिहोग्रा बाइदिसिना जाग्रामुवाफोरनि गेजेराव, सरासनस्रायै नारेंखमला, दाउदै, गम, ना, सकलेतफोर, बानदाकबि, आलु, पानथावबिलाहि आरो स्त्रबेरिफोर। Alcohol cannot be called a food for it enters the alimentary canal and is not changed or digested in any way. एलार्जिक जाथाया जानाय-लोंनाय समानथि नङैनि थाखाय जानो होगौ । It is quickly absorbed into the blood stream and then travels to every part of the body, adversely affecting vital organs like the brain and liver. जेब्ला बायहजोनि प्रतिनफोरखौ देहानि बिदामफोरा सहायनो हाया अब्ला एलार्जिक फिनजाथाया सोमजिनो हागौ । About 90 per cent of the alcohol is slowly oxidised in the liver and the remaining 10 per cent is eliminated by breathing and through urination. एलार्जि जानायनि आरोबाव मोनसे गाहाय जाहोना जाबाय दानि जाग्रामुवाफोरखौ जाजानायनि थाखाय रासायनिक मुवा होदेरो, बेनि गोबाङानो गोख्रों फिनजाथाय जाहोयो । Alcoholics have a puffy face with bloodshot eyes, hoarse voice and rapid pulse. बे समनि गेजेराव गोर्लैगथ'फोरनो बिमानि आहार खमैबाबो दाइन दानसिम दौनांगौ मानोना बेयो नांगौखिनि बोलो होनायनि मिथिंगायारि आदब । They are suspicious, irritable and over-emotional. जाथायफारि जौलोंनाय बेरामनि थाखाय देहायाव खनिज मुवाया खमायलाङो गिबियै मेगनेसियाम, जाय आखाय, आथिं आरो सालाय, रोदाफोरखौ साफ्रेनाय, बुद्दि खमायनाय आरो गोलोमनाय लोक्षोण जाहोयो । Vomiting, delirium, impaired judgement and disturbed sleep are some of the common symptoms. साधारन जायगाफोरा जाबाय गन्थं आरो मेगन, बिगुर, बिखा, बिबु आरो खोमा । Strict attention to diet is essential for recovery. सासे सुबुंङा सरासनस्रायै जौखौ समाजिक जिउखौ रंजानाय, सिन्थानिफ्राय बारगनो आरो उन्दुनो हानायनि थाखाय लोङो । The chronic alcoholic, who would rather drink than eat, fails to get enough vitamins. बिदैनि सायाव थानाय समाव, बेरामिया जौनि थाखाय जेबो लुबैनाय फैया । The few vitamins acquired by him are drained out of his system in the process of burning the alcohol in his body. बे समनि गेजेराव, बेयो नारेंखमलानि बिदैखौ फुंनि 8 निफ्राय बेलासिनि 8 सिम नै घण्टानि उन उन लोंबाय थानांगौ । Vitamin deficiency can lead to delirium tremens, convulsions, neuritis, disorders of the eyes and impaired memory. सानफ्रोमबो जायालासे थानाय समाव बेखौ नोजोर होनांगौदि खिखौ साफा खालामनांगौ बिषगोनां मुवाखौ देहाया गावनो गाव साफा खालामनाय आदबजों बायजोआव गारहरनांगौ । Excessive drinking often causes premature greying of hair due to vitamin deficiency. सानहाबनाय आरो गोसोनि बेरामनि नारसिननायाबो एलार्जि जाहोयो । Chronic alcoholism results in a depletion of minerals in the body, particularly magnesium, which produces symptoms like tremor of the hands, feet and tongue, convulsions, mental clouding and sweating. गोथां जाग्रामुवाफोरनि सायाव गोसो होसिननांगौ गिबियै थाजिम फिथाय आरो मैगं, बेगर खिलिजेननाय, गोथां बादाम आरो गासैबो रोखोमनि बेगर गिबियै जुखाम आरो गोमोस्लिथ मायरं । Alcohol tends to be habit-forming. जौ, बिबार आरो जुमाय गोसायाव मोनग्रा गाहाय फेहोग्रा बेसाद इथाइल एलक'हलआ मोनसे फेहोग्रा मुलि जाय मेलेम आरो रोदानि बाहागोफोरखौ लोरबां खालामो । The more you have, the more you want. बांद्राय लोंनाया बिखाखौ लोरबां खालामो । The more you drink, the less you eat. बांद्राय लोंनाया भितामिन खमनि जाहोनाव समनि सिगाङावनो खानायखौ मोनहोयो । Soon the body is out of gear, because it has been getting an unsuitable and inadequate type of fuel. जायगानि फाहामनायनि थाखाय गुदुं नांनायखौ गुदुंफोरखौ खेवनो आरो गोनांनङै मुवाफोरखौ बायजोआव दिहुननो थाखाय बाहायनांगौ । Excessive drinking imposes a strain on the liver. बिगुरनि अबस्थाया गाहाम जाजासिम दानसेनि फाराग लानानै गासैबो फिथायनि सायाव सानथामसो थानाया गोनांथार । Starchy, protein and fatty foods should be restricted. 90 जौखोन्दोसो बिबांनि जौआ लासैयै बिखायाव अक्सिजेनजों लोगो लायो आरो 10 जौखोन्दो आद्रा थानाया हां लानाय आरो हासुनायनि गेजेरजों जोबलाङो । It gradually destroys its functions and often causes cirrhosis of the liver. बियो जौ लोंनाय बेरामाव गोग्लैगोन, जुदि बियो देहायै आरो गोसोयै जौनि सायाव सोनारगोन । It leads to disorders of the stomach and bowels. बियो नारसिननाय आरो दुखुखौ सामलायनो हायैनि थाखाय बांद्राय लोंनायाव आश्रय लायो। It can cause brain damage as brain cells are often affected by it. बियो जौखौ खेबसेयैनो नागारनांगौ मानोना बे हुदाखौ इयुनाव नागारनो हाया । Alcohol also affects the heart which becomes weak and flabby. बियो जेबो सोबनो नाङा मानोना बेयो बिनि जौ लोंनो लुबैनाय गोसोखौल' बांहोगोन । Alcoholism results from excessive drinking. मोजां खालामनो थाखाय ज'थायनाय थायबें उननाय, गायखेराव संन्नाय जब माय, गाजरनि आथा बायजोआव फुननाय जाफुंसारदों होन्नानै मिनथिदों । Sometimes a person sinks comparatively rapidly into alcoholism and at other times, years may pass before a person becomes a full-fledged alcoholic. बिनि बादैबो, मोजां केनदिखौ जानो हायो । A person generally takes to drinking as a means to enliven social life, to overcome anxiety or to induce sleep. बेयो गोबां ट्रेफिक फेलें आरो जाथायफोर जाहोयो । He becomes an alcoholic if he gets dependent on alcohol physically and psychologically. बेयो मेलेमखौ गाज्रि खालामनो हागौ मानोना मेलेमनि जिबख्रिफोरा बेजों जेब्लाबो गोहोम खोख्लैजायो । He resorts to heavy drinking because of his inability to deal with the stress and strain of life. बेयो लासैयैनो बेनि हाबाफोरखौ फैमाल खालामो आरो बांसिनानो बिखानि सिर'सिस जाहोयो । The chronic alcoholic must first of all make a firm resolve to stop drinking. फाहामनायनि सिगां बाहागोआव बोसोन होनाय जायोदि, जुदि एबा जेब्ला लुबैनाया सिखारो बेरामिनो जौ लोंनो लुबेनायनिफ्राय बारगनो थाखाय बेनि बदलै गाहाम बेसाद होनांगौ । Meat, sugar, strong tea or coffee, condiments, pickles, refined and processed foods should all be avoided, as also soft drinks, candies, ice cream and products made with sugar and white flour. सिन्थानि सायाव नायबिजिरग्रा बुहुमनाङै मुंदांखा दक्टर हानस सालयेनि बायदिब्ला एलार्जिनि लोक्षोना देहाया सिन्थानि सायाव फिनजाथाय खालामनायनि अनगा जेबो नङा । He should abstain from alcohol all at once for the habit cannot be got rid of in gradual stages. एलार्जि सोमजिनायनि गाहाय जाहोनखौ साननाय जायोदि गोर्लै गथ'फोरखौ बेग'र, बेदर जुखाम, मोजां गायखेर बायदिसिना जाग्रामुवाफोरखौ 10 आरो 12 दाननि बैसोनि सिगांनो जाहोनायनि थाखाय । The most effective way to treat alcoholism is to build the body's nutritional integrity so as to prevent the craving for stimulants like drinks. बेयो गोख्रैयैनो थैनि दाहाराव सोबखांजायो आरो देहानि गासैबो बाहागोआव दावबायो, गोनांसिन अंग' जेरै मेलेम आरो बिखाखौ जोबोरैनो गोहोम खोख्लैयो । The patient should be put on a cleansing juice fast for at least 10 days in the beginning. बेयो उदै आरो बावेलसखौबो गाज्रि खालामो । During this period, he should have the juice of an orange every two hours from 8 am to 8 pm. बेयो गोरिब आरो दाय मावनायनि बिबांखौ बांहोयो आरो संसाराव सुखुगैयै आरो नखर सिफायनायखौ गोबांयैनो बांहोयो । The juice may be diluted with warm water, if desired. बेयो सेवनायनि थाखाय जायो आरो जायनि थाखाय बिषनि नखराव गोग्लैयो । Nothing else should be taken as otherwise the value of the fast would be entirely lost. एलार्जिआ गोबां रोखोमनि आरो गोबां एलार्जि सोमजिहोग्रा बेसादफोरनिफ्राय जायो । Alternatively, vegetable juices may be taken. बेदर, सिनि, गोख्रों साहा एबा कफि, मसला, आसार, मोजां खालामनाय आरो गोबाव समनि थाखाय दोननाय जाग्रामुवा बेजों लोगोसे स'फ्ट द्रिंक, केनदि, आइस क्रिम आरो सिनि आरो आटाजों बानायनाय गासैबो जाग्रामुवाफोरखौ नागारनांगौ । Each day while fasting, bowels should be cleansed of poisonous matter thrown off by the self-cleansing process set up by the body. जेखौबो जानोनाङा नङाब्ला बिदैनि सायाव थानायनि गासैबो बेसेना गोमालांगोन । This can be achieved by a warm water enema. फुनग्राखौ फुन्नानै खावसे घण्टा दोननांगौ आरो बेनि उनाव दैगुसुजों सुस्रानांगौ । During the juice fast, the patient will usually feel no craving for alcohol. जौ लोंग्रा बेरामनि रुजुनायाव एखमबा सासे मानसिया थाबैनो गोदोनोबो हागौ आरो गुबुन समाव सासे मानसिआ फुरायै जौ लोंग्रा बेरामजानायनि सिगां गोबां बोसोरबो बारहोनो हागौ । Two vitamins, namely, niacin and vitamin A, have been used successfully to treat acne. जाग्रा मुवाखौ सेवनो रोङै आरो साबसिन बानायनायाबो एलार्जि बांनायाव बिबान दं । This will give good 10-days start towards breaking the drinking habit and will help remove not only the physical but also the psychological dependence. थाबैनो देहाया बोलोगैयै जायो मानोना बेयो मोजांनङै आरो नांगौनिफ्राय खमसिन रोखोमनि थाव मोनगासिनो दंमोन । After the initial fast on juices, the optimum diet of vital nutrients is essential. मार, प्रटिन आरो मेजेमगोनां मुवाफोरखौ बादा होनांगौ । Such a diet should consist of whole grain cereals, nuts, seeds and sprouts, fresh fruits and vegetables. रुनाइ मैगं-थायगं, मोजां गमनि रुटि आरो गायखेर-माखन सानजौफुनि जाग्रायाव जानांगौ । The breakfast may consist of fresh fruits and milk. हामनायनि थाखाय जानायाव गोख्रों गोसो होनांगौ । Steamed vegetables, whole wheat chapattis and butter-milk may be taken for lunch. बेबायदि जाग्रायाव मोजां बेगरनि सिरिअल्स, बादाम, खिलिनाय बेगर, थजिम फिथाय आरो मैगंफोर थानांगौ । The dinner may comprise a good sized raw salad and sprouts. गासैबो देहाखौ सान आरो बाराव लंथं दोननानै सान आरो बाराव दुगैनाया जोबोर खामानिआवफैथाव । It is advisable that in the beginning of the treatment, the patient is given a suitable substitute to relieve the craving for alcohol if and when such a craving occurs. एलार्जि सोमजिहोग्रा बेसादा बिगुरजों थोजोंङै सोमोन्दोआव फैयोब्ला एबा गुंग्राइ बिदलाबजों बिदामसिम सौहैनो हागौ । The best substitute drink is a glass of fresh fruit juice, sweetened with honey, if desired. जुदि गोसो जायोब्ला बिनि बदलै बेरेमोदैजों गोदै खालामनाय गिलासे थाजिम फिथायनि बिदैआ साबसिन । In the alternative, wholesome candy may be taken. फुंनि जाग्रायाव थाजिम फिथाय आरो गायखेर थानांगौ । The patient should always have easily available juices, candy or other snacks to be taken between meals if he feels a craving for a stimulant. जाथायफारि जौ लोंग्राया सिगाङावनो जौ गारनो थाखाय सतबांसा लानांगौ। Vitamin E is also vitally important for preventing scarring from acne and in removing old scars. दुगैखांनायनि उनाव बेरामिखौ लासैयै सुग्लायहोनांगौ । All refined foods such as sugar, white rice, macaroni products and white flour and meat should be avoided. जाथायफारि जौलोंग्राया नांगौखिनि भितामिनखौ मोना जाय जायालासे लोङोसो । The patient should eat several small meals a day in preference to two or three large ones and avoid strong condiments such as pepper, mustard and chilli. मोनानि जानायाव नांगौ बिबांनि गोथां सालाद आरो खिलिनाय बेगर थानांगौ । He should not smoke as this will only increase his desire for alcohol. जेसेबां बिबांनि भितामिनखौ बियो जायो बेसोरो बिनि अंगनिफ्राय देहायाव जौनि खामनाय हाबाजों बायजोआव ओंखारलाङो । An allergic reaction may occur when there is contact between a foreign protein - an allergen - and body tissues that are sensitive to it. गोसो जायोब्ला, बिदैखौ दुंब्रुद दैजों गलायनो हायो । The allergens may reach the tissues by direct contact with the skin or mucous membranes, or through the blood stream after absorption. नों जेसेबां लोंगोन, एसेबांनो नों खम जागोन । Allergic reactions may occur within a few minutes of the patient coming in contact with the allergen or they may be delayed for several hours or even several days. नोंनाव जेसेबां थागोन, नों बांसिन लुबैबावगोन । Almost any part of the body can be affected by allergies. जौ लोंनाय बेरामखौ फाहामनायनि मोनसे गोहोम गोनां लामाया जाबाय देहानि बोलोहोग्राफोरखौ ज'खालामनानै बोलोहोग्रा मुलै जेरै जौखौ लोंनो लुबैनायनिफ्राय हमथानाय । The portion of the body which is affected is called a shock organ. बेरामिया जेब्लाबो गोरलैयैनो मोननाय बिदै, केनदि एबा स्नेक ओंखाम जानायनि गेजेर गेजेर जानांगौ जुदि बेयो बोलोहोग्रा मुलै जानो लुबैयो । Common sites are nose and eyes, the skin, chest, intestines, and ears. सिगाङाव खमैब्लाबो 10 सानसिम बेरामिखौ बिदैनि सायावल' दोननांगौ । Allergic reactions are caused by a wide range of substances and conditions. खेबनै एबा खेबथाम खेबसेयैनो गोबां जानायनिखुइ साबसिन बेरामिआ ओंखामखौ एसे एसेयै गोबां बार जानांगौ आरो गोख्रों मसला जेरै गलमरिच, बेसर आर बानलुखौ नागारनारनांगौ । For local treatment, hot fomentation should be applied to open up the pores and squeeze out the waste matter. सिगाङाव जायालासे बिदैनि सायाव थानायनि उनाव थांनाथानो थाखाय बोलोहोग्रा जाग्रामुवानि जोबोर गोनांथार । These include pollen, dust, cosmetics, and animal hair; poisonous plants, serums, vaccines and drugs; physical agents such as heat, cold and sunlight; as well as a variety of foods. देहानि जाय अंगआ गोहोम खोख्लैजादों बेखौ माउनाय अंग' बुंनाय जायो । The protein component of a food is considered to be the causative factor in food allergy, although foods which cause an allergic reaction may vary widely in protein content. जाग्रामुवायाव थानाय प्रटिन दाफुंग्राखौ एलार्जि जानायनि जाहोन होन्नानै सान्नाय जायो थेवबो जाग्रामुवा जायफोर एलार्जिक फिनजाथाय जाहोयो बिसोरनि प्रटिननि बिबाङा जोबोरैनो गुबुनबो जानो हागौ । Also, allergic response to a food may be either immediate or delayed. एखे जाग्रामुवायानो गुबुन गुबुन सुबुंफोरनि गेजेराव गुबुन गुबुन लोक्षोण जाहोयो । Among the numerous allergens in the food department, the more common ones are oranges, milk, eggs, wheat, fish, chocolates, cabbage, potatoes, tomatoes and strawberries. एलार्जिनि लोक्षोणआ गुबुन गुबुन जेरै बेसोरखौ फिनजाथाय जाहोग्रा बेसादफोरबायदि । Additives and refinements are also responsible for the rise in allergies. हेंथाया जाग्रा मुवानावल' नङा नाथाय बेसोरखौ मा खालामनायजायोदि- बेसोरनाव गेस सारफबो, गाब होयो, गोबावसमनि थाखाय रैखाथि खालामना दोनो आरो साधारनै गोथारगैयै खालामो । The trouble is not only in the foods themselves, but in what is done to them - They are sprayed gassed, coloured, preserved for longer life and generally perverted. डब्लिउ एइस अ आ जौ लोंनाय बेरामखौ 20 जौथायनि मोनथामनि गेजेराव मोनसे जोबोर सुबुं बुथारग्रा बेराम होन्नानै फोसावनाय जादों । The symptoms of allergy are as varied as the substances causing the reaction. बिनि उनाव दै गुसुजों सुस्रानांगौ । These include recurring headaches, migraine, dizziness, irritability, nervousness, depression, neuralgia, sneezing, conjunctivitis, eczema, heartburn, hay fever, indigestion, constipation, diarrhoea, gastric ulcer, asthma, overweight, high blood pressure, chest pain, heart attacks, a stuffy or runny nose, shortness of breath, swelling of the face and eyes, etc. एलार्जिक हेंथाखौ दबथायनो गोबां लामा दङ । The same food can cause different symptoms in different people. नांनायनिख्रुइ बांसिन सिनि जानायनि थाखाय आरो थैआव सिनिनि बिबाङा अरायथा नङैनि थाखाय, एबा जानायनि नेमगैयैनि थाखाय खनिज आरो भिटामिनि समानथि नङैआव देहानि सिनिखौ सालायनो हानाय गोहोआ बायफ्लेनो हागौ । Many allergies are multiple and may be caused by multiple allergens. बेफोर जाग्रामुवाया एलार्जिक फिनजाथाय जाहोयो मानोना गथ’फोरनाव बै समनि सिगाङाव दोगोन जाहोनो थाखाय गोनां जानाय थि एनजाइमआ गैय़ा । Then rinse with cold water. जौआ बिखाखौबो गोहोम खोख्लैयो जाय लोरबां आरो गुरै जाहोयो । Allergy is an indication of lowered resistance and internal disharmony caused by dietetic errors and faulty style of living. बेफोरजों दंफायो बिबारनि गुन्द्रा, हाद्रि, देलायग्रा मुवा आरो जुनारनि खोमोन, बिसगोनां लायफांफोर, सिरामफोर, टिका आरो मुलै, मिथिंगानि दैदेनगिरिफोर जेरै गुदुं, गुसु आरो सान्दुं, आरोबाव बायदिसिना फिथायफोर । It is believed that the major cause of allergy is feeding babies such food as cereals, meat, corns, whole milk, etc before they reach the age of 10 to 12 months. बेफोराव दंफायो खर' साफ्लेबाय थानाय, माइग्रेन, खर' गिदिंनाय,उसु- खुथु,गिनाय, सिन्था जाहाबनाय, निउरलजिया, हारसिवनाय, दाव खाना, इसिजिमा, बाखा आलौनाय, गोरान लोमजानाय, दोगोनजायै, खि ख'सा जानाय, खिसावनाय, उदैयाव गेसजों गाराय जानाय, हाफानि, अ'जन बारायनाय, बांद्राय थै खारनाय, बिखा सानाय, बिखा गाग्लोबनाय, गुंग्राय गनाय, हां सरथेनाय, मोखां आरो मेगन बुनाय बायदि बायदि । These foods cause allergic reactions as babies lack the proper enzymes needed for their digestion before that age. बिसोरो सन्देह खालामग्रा, रागा जोंग्रा आरो बां- आबेगारि । Babies should be breast-fed for at least eight months as this is nature's way of providing all the required nutrients during this period. बे दुगैग्रा जायगाखौ थाम आइबिएस. इपसम संख्रिखौ 100o एफ 60 लिटार दैयाव लगायनानै बानायनाय जायो । बेरामिआ बे दुगैग्रा जायगायाव 25 निफ्राय 30 मिनिट गोलोमदै ग'जासिम थानांगौ । Another important cause of allergy is today's processed foods loaded with numerous chemical additives, many of which cause powerful reactions. बेखौ दुंब्रुद दैनि इनिमानिफ्राय मोननो हायो । An allergic condition can result from diet imbalance. बेयो सिगां 10 सानसिम जौ लोंनायलि हुदाखौ सिफायनायनि गाहाम फिथाय जागायजेनगोन आरो देहायारी आरो गोसोआरि सोनारनायखौ फोजोबगोन । There can be breakdown in the body's ability to handle sugar due to excessive intake of refined sugar and consequent blood sugar irregularities, or mineral and vitamin imbalances due to defective dietary patterns. मोन्नै भिटामिन,मुङै, नियासिन आरो भिटामिन ए खौ सालमाय फाहामनायाव बाहायनाया जाफुंसार जादों। Emotional and psychological stresses can also lead to allergies. भिटामिन बाङाय जानाया देलेरियाल ट्रिमेन्स, रोदा साफ्रेनाय, रोदा बोख्रबनाय, मेगन गाहाम नङै आरो मेलेमखौ लोरबां खालामनो हागौ । According to Dr Hans Salye, the world's premier researcher on stress, allergic symptoms are often nothing more than the body's reaction to stress. भिटामिन इ आ सालमायनिफ्राय जानाय दागोखौ होबथानो आरो गोजाम दागोफोरखौ बोखारनो जोबोर गोनांथार । A person can, through chronic stress, become sensitive to common foods or commonplace substances like petrol fumes. गोबानाय, देलेरियाम, बिसार खालामनो हायै आरो उन्दोनो हायैफौरा माखासे साधारन लोक्षोण । First, the allergens must be identified. गिबियाव एलारजिजाहोग्राफोरखौ सिनायथारनांगोन। It is advisable to try an elimination diet, excluding suspected foods for two weeks until the cause is detected. जाहोना संजायैसिम नै सफथानि थाखाय सनदेखालामजानाय आदारफोरखौ नागारनानै मोनसे बासिनाजानाय आदारखौ नाजानाया बोसोनहोजाथाव। Coughing and sneezing makes the pain worse. गुजुनाय आरो हासिउनाया सानायखौ गाज्रिसिन खालामो। Occasionally, by changing the brand or the type, you can find a food substitute that does not upset you. सम-सम, ब्रेन्द एबा रोखोमखौ सोलायनानै, नों मोनसे थिनाय आदार मोननो हायो जाय नोंखौ दिगदार खालामा। For example, chocolate upsets many, so try carob, which tastes the same but, has not been found disturbing. बिदिनथिबादियै, सकलेदआ गोबां दिगदार होयो, बेखायनो केरबखौ जाना नाय जाय एखेखौनो थावहोयो नाथाय दिकदार मोननाय नङा। Another way to detect the cause of allergy is by Dr Coca's "pulse test". एलारजिनि जाहोनखौ संनायनि गुबुन मोनसे राहाया जादों ड. ककानि “पाल्स आनजाद”। Then limiting that meal to one food only, wait for half an hour after eating and take your pulse again. बेनिउनाव बै आदारखौ मोनसेल’ आदाराव सिमनाखालामनानै, जानायनि उनाव खावसे घनतानि थाखाय ने आरो नोंनि पाल्सखौ लाफिन। A slight increase is considered normal, even up to 16 extra beats. एसे बांनायखौ मोजां गनायनाय जायो, बबेखानि 16 उफेरा बितफोरसिम। If your pulse does not rise above 84, you may be allergy-free. जुदि नोंनि पाल्सा 84नि बांसिन जाया, नों एलारजि उदां जानो हागौ। But if your pulse rises beyond that point, and remains high an hour after the meal, you have found your food allergy. नाथाय जुदि नोंनि पाल्सा बै बिनदुनि बारगा जायो, आरो आदार जानायनि से घनता उनाव बांसिन जानानै थायो, नों नोंनि खाजाखौ एलारजि मोनबाय। The best way, however, to prevent or overcome allergies is to strengthen the overall physical resistance so as not to fall an easy prey to every allergen that comes along. नाथाय, एलारजिफोरखौ होबथानाय आरो जुजिनायनि साबसिन राहाया जादों गासै देहा होबथाथिखौ गोख्रों खालामनाय जाहाथे लोगोसे फैफानाय मोनफ्रोमबो एलारजिजाहोग्राफोराव मोनसे गोरलै बोलियाव गोगलैया। To start with, the patient should fast on fresh fruit juices for four or five days. जागाजेननो, बेरामिया ब्रै एबा बा साननि थाखाय थाजिम फिथाइ बिदैफोराव ब्रत लाखिनांगोन। This is a difficult but not impossible task. बेयो गोब्राब नाथाय मावनोहाथावै खामानि नङा। Repeated short juice fasts are likely to result in better tolerance to previous allergies. फालिफिनबायथानाय गुसुं-सम बिदै ब्रतफोरा आगु एलारजिफोराव मोजांसिन सहायथि नुजाथिहोनो हागौ। After the fruit juice fast, the patient can take a mono diet of vegetables or fruits such as carrots, grapes or apples, for one week. फिथाइ बिदै ब्रतनि उनाव सफथासेनि थाखाय बेरामिया मैगं-थाइगं एबा फिथाइफोरनि मोनसेल’ आदार लानो हायो जेरै गाजर, आंगुर एबा आपेलफोर। After that one more food is added to the mono diet. बैनि उनाव मोनसेबाव आदारखौ मोनसेल’ आदाराव दाजाबजायो। A week later the third food is added and so on. सफथासेनि उनाव थामथि आदारखौ दाजाबनाय जायो आरो बिबदिनो सोलियो। After four weeks, the protein foods can be introduced, one at a time. ब्रै सफथानि उनाव, प्रतिन आदारफोरखौ होजायो, मोनसे समाव खेबसे। In case an allergic reaction to a newly introduced food is noticed, it should be discontinued and a new food tried. जुदि गोदानै होजानाय आदाराव मोनसे एलारजिक फिनजाथाया नुजायो, बेखौ दोनथ’नांगौ आरो मोनसे गोदान आदारखौ नाजानांगौ। In this way all real allergens can be eventually eliminated from the diet. बेबादियै गासै थार एलारजिजाहोग्राफोरा जोबथारनायाव आदारनिफ्राय बोखारजायो। The body requires a large alkaline reserve for its daily activity. देहानो गावनि सानफ्रोमबो खामानिनि थाखाय गोबां खारदै थिनाय गोनां जायो। The problem of acid formation throughout the day from wrong foods, fatigue, mental stress and lack of sleep can be met by the competency of the alkaline reserves. सानफाथोलो गोरोनथि आदार, मेंनाय, मेलेम नारसिनथि आरो उनदुनाय आंखालनिफ्राय एसिद दाथायनि जेंनाया खारदै थिनायनि गोहोजों आबुं खालामजानो हागौ। Boosting the normal body reserve of alkaline by liberal use of alkaline forming foods is essential for those suffering from allergies. खारदै दाथायगोनां आदारफोरनि उदां बाहायनायजों खारदैनि सरासनस्रा देहा थिनायखौ बांहोनाया एलारजिफोराव भुगिनायफोरनि थाखाय गोनां। Second, once they are identified, they should be avoided. नैथियाव, बेफोर खेबसे सिनायजानायनि उनाव, बेफोरखौ नागारनांगौ। The foods which should be excluded from the diet are tea, coffee, chocolate, cola drinks, alcohol, sugar, sweets and foods containing sugar, refined cereals, meats, fish, chicken, tobacco, milk, cheese, butter, smoked, salted and pickled foods and foods containing any chemical additives, preservatives and flavouring. आदारनिफ्राय नागारजानाय आदारफोरा जानांगोन साहा, कफि, सकलेत, कला लोंनाय, जौ, सिनि, गोदै आरो सिनि थानाय आदारफोर, सोदांनाय बेगर-आदार, बेदरफोर, ना, दावबेदर, थांखु, गाइखेर, घि, माखन, सावफ्रामनाय, संख्रैहोनाय आरो आसार आदारफोर आरो जायखि जाया रासायनारि मुवाफोर थानाय, संरैखाखालामनाय आरो थावनायगोनां आदारफोर। These foods cause toxic accumulations, overstimulation of the adrenal glands, and strain on the pancreatic enzyme production or disturb the blood sugar balance. बेफोर आदारफोरा बिसनि जथायफोर, एड्रिनेल ग्लेण्डफोरनि बांद्रायनायखौ सोमजिहोयो, आरो आमायथु एनजाइम दिहुनथायखौ गाज्रिखालामो एबा थै सिनि समानथायखौ दिगदारहोयो। For preventive purposes, the entire C complex vitamins - known as the bioflavonoids, are recommended. होबथानाय थांखिफोरनि थाखाय बायअफ्लेभ’नइदफोर महरै मोनथिजानाय गासैबो C कमप्लेक्स भितामिफोरा गनायथि होजायो। They gradually strengthen cell permeability to help immunise the body from various allergies, especially hay fever. बेफोरो लासैयै जिबख्रि सोरखिरहानायखौ गोख्रों खालामो आरो बायदि रोखोम एलारजिफोरनिफ्राय देहाखौ होबथानो हेफाजाब होयो, गुबैयै गोरान लोमजानाय। Often the addition of B5 or pantothenic acid brings great relief to allergy sufferers. गोबां समाव उफेरा B5 एबा पेनथ’थेनिक एसिदा एलारजि भुगिगिरफोरनाव मोजां रैखाथि लाबोयो। Multiple allergies may result from poor adrenal gland functioning. बां एलारजिफोरा लोरबां एद्रिनेल बिथोब खामानिनिफ्राय जानो हागौ। In such cases liberal amounts of pantothenic acid helps cure them, although the recovery will take several weeks. बेफोरबादि जाथायफोराव उदां बिबांनि पेनथ’थेनिक एसिदा बेफोरखौ फाहामनायाव हेफाजाब होयो, जुदिबो हामफिननाया गोबां सफथाफोर लागोन। An adequate intake of vitamin E is also beneficial as this vitamin possesses effective anti-allergic properties, as some studies have shown. खायसे बिजिरथिफोरा दिनथिनाय बादिब्ला, थोजासे भितामिन E आजावनायाबो मुलामफागोनां मानोना बे भितामिना जाउनगोनां हेंथा-एलारजिक समफ’थिफोर थायो। It usually results from consumption of refined foods and is among the most common diseases affecting the human beings. बेयो सरासनस्रायै सोदांनाय आदारफोर जानायनिफ्राय नुजायो आरो मानसि महारिखौ गोहोमखोखलैनाय जोबोर सरासनस्रा बेरामफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे। Nearly half of the blood flowing in our veins and arteries consists of red blood cells which carry oxygen to the tissues. जोंनि रोदा आरो धमनिफोराव बोहैनाय थैनि खावसेफ्रामानो गोरजा थै जिबख्रिफोरजों दाजानाय जाय बिदामफोराव अक्सिजेन दैदिङो। Third, and most important, general health and resistance should be built up to establish immunity to them. थामथि आरो जोबोर गोनांथि, सरासनस्रा देहा आरो होबथाथिखौ बिसोरनियाव होबथागोहोखौ गायसननो दानांगौ। Red cells live approximately 120 days and are being destroyed and replaced daily. गोरजा जिबख्रिफोरा फ्राय 120 सान थांनानै थायो आरो सानफ्रोमबो फोजोबस्रांजाबाय थायो आरो सुफुंफिनजाबाय थायो। Each person should have 100 per cent of haemoglobin or about 15 grams to 100 cc of blood, and a blood count of five million red cells per millimetre. साफ्रोमबो मानसिहा 100 जौखोनदो हिम’ग्लबिन एबा 15 ग्रामनिफ्राय 100cc थै मोनफ्रोम मिलिलिताराव थैयाव बा मिलियन गोरजा जिबख्रिफोर थानांगौ। A drop in the haemoglobin content results in anaemia. हिम’ग्लबिन थाथायाव थरथिंसे गोगलैनाया आमाव जाहोयो। The patient usually complaints of weakness, fatigue, lack of energy and dizziness. बेरामिया सरासनस्रायै लोरबां, मेंनाय, बोलोनि आंखाल आरो खर’-गिदिंनायनि अजद होयो। Other symptoms include a haggard look, premature wrinkles, dull and tired looking eyes, poor memory, shortness of breath on slight exertion, headache, slow healing of wounds, palpitation of heart and mental depression. गुबुन लोइखोनफोरा जादों हामख्रें नुनाय, खम-बैसो बिगुरखथ्रायनाय, सोमखे, मेंहाबनाय मेगन नुथाय, लोरबां गोसोखांथि, एसे खसथयै हां गुसुं लानाय, खर’सानाय, लासै गाराय रानखांनाय, बिखा मावग्लुंनाय आरो मेलेमारि सिनथा। The skin and mucous membranes look pale, the nails appear brittle and there may be sores at the corners of the mouth. बिगुर आरो गुंग्राय मेमब्रेनफोरखौ फुरगेव नुयो, आसिगुरफोरा लोरबां नुजाथियो आरो खुगानि खनाफोराव गारायफोर जानो हागौ। Slow formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow, either due to defects in the bone marrow itself or to an inadequate intake of iron, vitamins and proteins, is one of the main causes of anaemia. बिथैनिनो गोरोनथि एबा आइरन, भितामिन आरो प्रतिनफोरनि थोजासेनङै आजावनायनि थाखाय बिथैयाव गोरजा थै जिबख्रिफोरनि लासै दाथाया आमावनि गाहाय जाहोनफोरनि मोनसे। Other important causes may include heavy loss of blood due to injury, bleeding piles and excessive menstruation in women. गुबुन गोनां जाहोनफोरा जखम समाव गोबाङै थै गनाय, थै-गनाय पाइल्स आरो हिनजावफोरनि बांद्राय मासिजानायफोरखौ सरजाबफानो हागौ। Besides, a lack of digestive acid or hydrochloric acid needed for digestion of iron and proteins, or emotional strain, anxiety and worry which interferes with the manufacture of hydrochloric acid in the body could also lead to anaemia. दोगोनजानाय एसिद आंखाल एबा आइरन आरो प्रतिनफोरनि दोगोननि थाखाय गोनां जानाय हाइद्रक्लरिक एसिद, एबा आबेगारि फारागफोरनि अनगायैबो, सिनथा आरो जिंगायाबो, जाय देहायाव हाइद्रक्लरिक एसिदनि दिहुनथायजों हेंथा जालायो, आमाव जाहोनो हागौ। Intestinal parasites or worms are yet another cause of anaemia. बिबुआरि बियाद एबा फिलौफोराबो आमावनि गुबुनमोनसेबाव जाहोन। There are two methods of detecting disturbing foods. बेवहाय दिगदारखालामग्रा आदारफोरखौ संदाननो मोननै आदबफोर दं। Hookworms, pinworms, roundworms and tape-worms feed on the supply of blood as well as the vitamins. हायथाग्रा-फिलौफोर, पिनफिलौ, दुलुरफिलौ आरो तेप फिलौफोरा थै लोगोसे भितामिननि जगायनायाव थांनानै थायो। Symptoms of intestinal worms are itching at the rectum, restlessness during night with bad dreams, diarrhoea, foul breath, dark circles under the eyes and a constant desire for food. बिबुआरि फिलौफोरनि लोइखोनफोरा जादों खिदनदराव मानलुनाय, गाज्रि सिमांजों हराव जिरायमोनै, खिसावनाय, मोनामफ्रुनाय हां, मेगननि सिङाव गोसोम दुलुर आरो गले-गले उखैनाय। Garlic, fresh papaya and grated raw carrot can help vanquish some types of intestinal parasites. सामब्राम गुफुर, थाजिम मोदोमफुल आरो देग्लिनाय गोथां गाजरा खायसे रोखोमनि बियादफोरखौ फोजोबस्रांनो हेफाजाब होनो हागौ। Diet is of the utmost importance in the treatment of anaemia. आदारआ आमावनि सिकितसायाव जोबोरै गोनां। Refined foods like white bread, polished rice, sugar and desserts rob the body of the much-needed iron. सोदांनाय आदारफोर जेरै गुफुर ब्रेद, खुनाय मायरं, सिनि आरो मिथायफोरा देहानो गोनांथार आइरनफोरखौ बोख्लयो। Iron should always be taken in its natural organic form in food, as the use of inorganic iron can prove hazardous. आइरनखौ जेब्लाबो आदाराव बेनि मिथिंगायारि जैब’ महराव लानांगौ, मानोना जैब’नङै आइरना खैफोद फोरमान खालामनो हागौ। It may cause destruction of protective vitamins and unsaturated fatty acids, serious liver damage, miscarriage during pregnancy and delayed or premature births. बेयो रैखाथिगोनां भितामिन आरो सोबखांजायै मेजेमारि एसिदफोरनि जोबस्रांथि, गोब्राब बिखा गाज्रिजानाय, गोरबोथानाय समाव गथ’-थैनाय आरो गोबावजानाय एबा रायै जोनोमजानायफोरखौ जाहोनो हागौ। The diet should be predominantly alkaline. आदारा गोबाङैनो खारदै जानांगौ। The emphasis should be on raw fruits and vegetables which are rich in iron. गोनांथिहोनाया जानांगोन गोथां फिथाइफोर आरो मैगंफोर जायफोरा आइरनाव आबुं। Iron rich vegetables are spinach, green onion, squash, carrots, radishes, beets, celery, yams, tomatoes and potatoes (with jackets). आइरन आबुं मैगंफोरा जादों फालें, गोथां सामब्राम, स्कुवास, गाजर, मुलाफोर, बितफोर, सेलेरि, थास’, फानथाव-बिलाथि आरो आलुफोर (बिगुरफोरजों)। The first method is the trial-and-error elimination diet. गिबि आदबा जादों गलेगले-नाजानाय बासिनाजानाय आदार। Fruits which are rich in iron are bananas, apples, dark grapes, apricots, plums, raisins and strawberries. आइरन आबुं फिथाइफोरा जादों थालिर, आपेल, गोसोम आंगुर, एप्रिकत्स, बोग्रि, खिस-मिस आरो स्त्र’बेरि। Bananas are particularly beneficial as they also contain, besides easily assimilable iron, folic acid and B12, both of which are extremely useful in the treatment of anaemia. जुनियायै थालिरफोरा मुलामफागोनां मानोना बिसोरहाबो फलिक एसिद आरो B12 थायो, जायनि मोननैबो आमावनि सिकितसायाव जोबोरैनो बाहायफुंथाव। Other iron-rich foods are whole wheat, brown rice, beans, soya beans, sunflower seeds, crude blackstrap molasses, eggs and honey. गुबुन आइरन आबुं आदारफोरा जादों गासै गम, जारोम मायरं, बिनफोर, सया बिनफोर, सानबिबार बेगर, सोदाङै गोसोमस्त्रेप गुरमिथाइ, दावदैफोर आरो बेरेमोदै। Honey is also rich in copper which helps in iron absorption. बेरेमोदैया कपारावबो आबुं जाय आइरन सोबखांनायाव हेफाजाब होयो। The diet should also be adequate in proteins of high biological value such as milk, home-made cottage cheese and eggs. आदारा(diet) बां जिबआरि गुननि प्रतिनफोरावबो थोजासे जानांगौ जेरैबादि गायखेर, नयाव बानायनाय माखन आरो दावदैफोर। Vitamin B-12 is a must for preventing or curing anaemia. भितामिन B-12आ आमाव होबथानायनि एबा फाहामनायनि थाखाय गोनांथार। This vitamin is usually found in animal protein and especially in organic meats like kidney and liver. बे भितामिनखौ सरासनस्रायै जुनार प्रतिनाव मोनो आरो गुबैयै जैब’ बेदरफोर जेरै किदनि आरो बिखा। A heavy met diet is often associated with a high haemoglobin and high red cell count, but it has its disadvantages. गोबां बेदर आदारा(diet) गोबां समाव बां हिम’ग्लबिन आरो बां गोरजा जिबख्रिजों थाफाजायो, नाथाय बेहा गावनि गोरोनथिफोरबो दं। One cause of anaemia is intestinal putrefaction, which is primarily brought on by a high meat diet. आमावनि मोनसे जाहोना जादों बिबुयारि सेवनाय, जाय गुदियै मोनसे बां बेदर आदारजों (diet) लाबोजायो। Moreover, all meats are becoming increasingly dangerous due to widespread diseases in the animals which are slaughtered. बेनि अनगायैबो, गोदाजानाय जुनारफोरनि गुवार-गोसारनाय बेरामफोरनि थाखाय गासैबो बेदरफोरा जोबोरैनो खैफोदगोनां जाबोगासिनो दं। This automatically eliminates many hazards and foods. बेयो गावनो गाव गोबां खैफोदफोर आरो आदारफोरखौ बोखारो। There are, however, other equally good sources of vitamin B12 such as dairy products, like milk, eggs, cheese and peanuts. अब्लाबो, बेवहाय भितामिन B12नि समान गुबुन फुंखाफोर दं जेरै दायरि मुवाफोर, जेरै गायखेर, दावदै, माखन आरो बादामफोर। Wheat germ and soya bean also contain some B12. गम बेगर आरो सया बिनाबो खायसे B12 थायो। Vegetarians should include adequate amount of milk, milk products and eggs in their diet. निरामिसफोरा बिसोरनि आदाराव थोजासे बिबांनि गायखेर, गायखेर मुवाफोर आरो दावदिफोर सरजाबफानांगौ। For prevention of anaemia, it is essential to take the entire B complex range which includes B-12, as well as the natural foods mentioned above. आमाव होबथाथिनि थाखाय, गासै B कमप्लेक्सखौ लानाया गोनांथि जाय B-12 लोगोसे गोजौआव मखनाय मिथिंगायारि आदारफोरखौ सरजाबफायो। Eating lacto-ovo products, which are complete proteins containing vitamin B-12, is good insurance against the disease. भितामिन B-12 थानाय आबुं प्रतिनगोनां लेकत’-अभ’ मुवाफोर जानाया बेरामनि हेंथायै मोजां सुफुंथि। A liberal intake of ascorbic acid is necessary to facilitate absorption of iron. बुरजा एसकरबिक एसिद लानाया आइरनि सोबखांथिखौ गोरलैखालामनायाव गोनांथि। At least two helpings of citrus fruits and other ascorbic acid rich foods should be taken daily. खमसेखम सित्रास फिथाइफोरनि खेबनै नाजावथि आरो गुबुन एसकरबिक एसिद आबुं आदारफोरखौ लानांगौ। Mention must be made of beets which are extremely important in curing anaemia. बितफोरनि मख’नाया गोनांथार जायफोरा आमाव फाहामनायाव जोबोरैनो गोनां। Beet juice contains potassium, phosphorous, calcium, sulphur, iodine, iron, copper, carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins B1, B2, niacin, B6, C and vitamin P. With its high iron content, beet juice regenerates and reactivates the red blood cells, and supplies the body with fresh oxygen. बित बिदैयाव पतासियाम, फसफरास, केलसियाम, सालफार, आयदिन, आइरन, कपार, कारबहायद्रेदफोर, प्रतिन, मेजेम, भितामिन बि1, बि2, नियासिन, बि6, सि आरो भितामिन पि थायो। गावनि बां आइरन थानायजों बित बिदैया गोजा थै जिबख्रिफोरखौ जोनोमहोफिनो आरो मावथि खालामफिनो आरो देहाखौ गोगो अक्सिजेन जगायो। The anaemic person should commence the dietary treatment by an exclusive fresh fruit diet for about five days. आमावगोनां सुबुङा फ्राय बा साननि थाखाय जर’खा थाजिम फिथाइ आदार (diet) जों डाइतेरि सिकितसा जागायजेननांगौ। Keep to organic, untreated, unprocessed foods as far as possible, and you will eliminate another set of hazards such as pesticides, various sprays and other poisons. हानायसेबां, जोथोनलायै, साजायजायै आदारफोरखौ जैब’ खालामना लाखि, आरो नों खैफोदफोरनि गुबुन मोनसे दाथायखौ बोखारगोन जेरै पेसतिसाइद, गोबां स्र्पे आरो गुबुन बिसफोर। During this period, he should take three meals of fresh juicy fruits at five-hourly intervals. बे समनि गेजेराव, बा घनतानि गेजेर गेजेर बियो थाजिम बिदैगोनां फिथाइफोरनि बोथिथाम आदारफोर जानांगौ। This may be followed by fruit and milk diet for about 15 days. बेयो फ्राय 15 साननि थाखाय फिथाइ आरो गायखेर आदारजों उनहोसोजानो हागौ। In this regimen, the meals are exactly the same as for all-fruit diet, but with milk added to each fruit meal. बे मुलि-बाहायखान्थियाव, खाजाफोरा गासै फिथाइ आदार बादिनो समानफ्राम नाथाय मोनफ्रोमबो फिथाइ आदारआव गाइखेर दाजाबजानांगौ। The patient may begin with two pints the first day and increase by half a pint daily up to four or five pints a day. बेरामिया गिबि साननि थाखाय मोननै पिन्तजों जागायजेननो हागौ आरो सानफ्रोमबो खावसे पिन्तनिफ्राय ब्रै एबा बा पिन्तसिम सानसेयाव बारायनोहागौ। After the fruit and milk diet, the patient may gradually embark upon a well-balanced diet based on three basic food groups, namely seeds, nuts and grains, vegetables and fruits. फिथाइ आरो गाइखेर आदारनि उनाव, बेरामिया लासैयै मोनथाम गुदि आदार हानजानि सायाव सोनारनानै मोनसे मोजां-समानथायगोनां आदारनि सायाव जुरिजेननो हागौ, मुंफारियै बेगरफोर, बादाम आरो बेगर-आदारफोर, मैगंफोर आरो फिथाइफोर। It refers to an inflammation of the vermiform appendix. बेयो फिलौमहरनि एपेदिकस्कनि मोनसे बेदलाबथिखौ फोरमायो। It presents itself in acute and chronic forms and affects both the sexes equally. बेयो गावनो बां आरो क्रनिक दाथायफोराव नुजायो आरो मोननैबो आथोनखौ समानै गोहोमखोखलैयो। This disease now accounts for about half the acute, abdominal emergencies occurring between the ages of 10 and 30. It is more frequent in developed countries than in underdeveloped countries. दा 10 आरो 30 बैसोनि गेजेराव जानाय बे बेरामा बां उदैयारि हरखाबथिफोरनि फ्राय खावसेखौ हिसाब होयो। बेयो जौगायि हादरोफोरनिख्रुइ जौगानाय हादरफोराव बांसिन जाफ्लेयो। The appendix is a small tube located at the end of the caecum, the first part of the large intestine. एपेनदिक्सआ गिदिर बिबुनि गिबि बाहागो केकामनि जोबथियाव थानाय फिसा नोलि। It is usually three to four inches long. बेयो सरासनस्रायै थामनिफ्राय ब्रै इनसि गोलाव। After having eliminated as many disturbing factors as possible, a self-search should be carried out to ascertain any suspicious symptoms from foods. हानायसेबां गोबां दिगदारखालाग्रा जाहोनफोरखौ बोखारनायनि उनाव, आदारनिफ्राय जायखिजाया सनदेगोनां लोइखोनखौ रोखा खालामनो गावनो नायबिजिरनायखौ मावनांगोन। Its structure is made of the same tough fibrous outer covering that protects the entire alimentary canal. बेनि दाथाया बायजोखौ खोबथेनाय एखे गोरा बेजेजों बानायजानाय जाय गासै आदार थैलामाखौ रैखाथिहोयो। There is a layer of muscular tissue under the outer covering and then a layer of lymphoid tissue. बायजोआरि खोबथेनायनि सिङाव मोदोमारि बिदामनि मोनसे थोरफो दं आरो बेनि उनाव लिम्फयद बिदामनि मोनसे थोरफो दं। The function of the appendix, which is performed by this lymphoid tissue, is to neutralise the irritating waste material generated in the body or the organic poisons introduced through the skin or membranes. बे लिमफयद बिदामजों मावफुंजानाय एपेनदिक्सनि खामानिया जादों, देहायाव सोमजिनाय मानलुनाय उदायि मुवा एबा बिगुर एबा मेमब्रेनफोरनि गेजेरजों हाबनाय जैब’आरि बिसफोरखौ दबथायनाय। Appendicitis usually begins with a sudden pain in the centre of the abdomen, which gradually shifts to the lower right side. एपेनदिक्स जानाया सरासनस्रायै उदैनि गेजेराव मोनसे हरखाब सानायजों जागायो, लासैयै गाहायनि आगदा फारसेयाव बारस्लायो। The pain may be preceded by general discomfort in the abdomen, indigestion, diarrhoea or constipation. सानाया उदै, हजमजायि, खिसावनाय एबा खिओंखारिनि सरासनस्रा सुखुयिजों जुरिजेननो हागौ। The patient usually has a mild fever varying from 100 o to 102*F. बेरामिहा सरासनस्रायै 100° F निफ्राय 102 °F सिम सोलायसोल’यै एसे लोमजानाय थायो। Nausea is common, and the patient may vomit once or twice. अगालेमोननाया जाफ्लेबायथानाय, आरो बेरामिया खेबसे एबा खेबनै गोबानो हागौ। The muscles of the right side of the abdomen become tense and rigid. बिगुरनि आगदा फारसेनि मोदोमफोरा राखाब आरो गोरा जायो। The patient gets some comfort by drawing up the right leg. बेरामिया आगदा आथिंखौ सानेरनानै इसे आराम मोनो। The pain increases on the right side on pressing the left side of the abdomen. उदैनि आगसि फारसेखौ नारसिननायाव आगदा फारसेयाव सानाया बाङो। If the inflammation continues to increase, the appendix may rupture and discharge its pus into the abdominal cavity. आलौनाया बारायनो हमलाङोब्ला, उफ्राया बेरफ्रुना आरो बेनि गोमोदैखौ उदैनि दनदराव हगारनो हागौ। Further inflammation and infection comes from certain germs which are usually present in the intestinal tract. बेनि अनगाय बेदलाबनाय आरो सनदेरनाया खायसे बिजानुफोरनिफ्राय फैयो जायफोरा सरासनस्रायै बिबु फिसा जायगायाव थायो। Naturopathy, however, believes in dietetic cure of the disease. जिखिजादोया, नेचुरपेथिआ, बेरामखौ नेमै खाजा-जाना फाहामनायाव फोथायो। The patient should be put to bed immediately at the first signs of severe pain, vomiting and fever. बेरामिया गोब्राब सानाय, गोबानाय आरो लोमजानायनि गिबि लोइखोनफोरावनो थाबैनो जिरायहोनाया गोनां। Rest is of utmost importance in the treatment of this disease. जिरायनाया बे बेरामनि सिखितसायाव जोबोद गोनां। The patient should resort to fasting which is the only real cure for appendicitis. बेरामिया जाया-लोङा थानानै राहा लानांगोन जायलनो एपेनदिसितिसनि थाखाय गुबै फाहामनाय। Absolutely no food should be given. फुरायै जेबो आदारानो होजानो नाङा। Nothing except water should enter the system. दैनि अनगायै जेबोआनो बिखानथियाव हाबनो नाङा। Low enemas, containing about one pint (1/2 litre) of warm water should be administered every day for the first three days to cleanse the lower bowel. गिबि थाम साननि थाखाय गाहायनि बिबु-फिसाखौ सुस्रानो दुंबुर दैनि फ्राय से पिन्त (1/2 लिटार) थानाय इनेमासखौ सानफ्रोमबो जगायनांगोन। Hot compresses may be placed over the painful area several times daily. गुदुं होसिननायखौ बिसगोनां जायगा सायाव सानफ्रोमबो गोबां बार दोननो हायो। Abdominal packs, made of a strip of wet sheet covered by a dry flannel cloth bound tightly around the abdomen, should be applied continuously until all acute symptoms subside. अहेबनि सोरगिदिं गोरायै खाथुमजानाय गांसे गोरान गोबा-उल सिजों गिसि सिमानि मोनसे स्रिपजों बानायजानाय, एबद’मिनेल थफ्लाफोरा, गासै गोब्राब लोइखोनफोरा खमायागौमानि जेब्लायबो बाहायजानांगोन। When the acute symptoms subside by about the third day, the patient should be given a full enema, containing about three pints of warm water and this should be repeated daily until all inflammation and pain have subsided. थामथि सानसिमसो जेब्ला गोब्राब लोइखोनफोरा खमायो, बेरामिया दै दुंबुरनि फवाथामसो थानाय गंसे फुरा इनेमाखौ होजानांगोन आरो गासै खामनाय आरो सानाया खमायनायजासिम बेखौ सानफ्रोमबो लाबायथानांगोन। This may result in a serious state known as peritonitis. पेरितनितिस बायदियै मिथिजानानै मोनसे गोब्राब थाथायाव बेयो नुजाहैनो हागौ। The patient can be given fruit juices from the third day onwards. थामथि सान उननिफ्राय बेरामिया फिथाइ बिदैफोरखौ होजानो हागोन। This simple treatment, sensibly applied, will overcome an appendicitis attack. सोलोगोनाङै होजानाय, बे सरासनस्रा सिखितसाया मोनसे एपेनदिसितिस गाग्लोबनायखौ फेजेनगोन। After spending three days on fruit juices, the patient may adopt an all-fruit diet for further four or five days. फिथाइ बिदैयाव सानथाम दैथायनायनि उनाव, आरोबाव ब्रै एबा बा साननि थाखाय बेरामिया गासै-फिथाइ खाजा लानो हायो। During this period, he should have three meals a day of fresh, juicy fruits. बे समनि गेजेराव, थाजिम, बिदैगोनां फिथाइनि खेबथाम खाजा सानसेयाव लानांगोन। Thereafter, he should adopt a well-balanced diet based on three basic food groups namely, seeds, nuts and grains, vegetables and fruits. बेनि उननिफ्राय, मोनथाम गिबि आदार हानजाफोर जेरै, बेगरफोर, बादाम आरो ग्रेएन्सफोर, मैगं-थायगं आरो फिथाइफोराव सोनारनानै मोनसे गाहाम-समानथाय खाजा आजावनांगोन। In case of chronic appendicitis, a short fast should be followed by a full milk diet for two to three weeks. गोब्राब एपेनदिसितिसनि जाथायाव, नैनिफ्राय थाम सफतानि थाखाय गंसे फुरा गाइखेर खाजाजों साननैसो जाया-लोङा थानायखौ फालिनांगोन। In this regimen, a glass of milk should be taken every two hours from 8 am to 8 pm on the first day, a glass every hour and a half the next day and a glass every hour the third day. बे रेजिमेनाव, गिबि सानाव फुंनि 8निफ्राय मोनानि 8सिम मोनफ्रोम नै घनटनि गेजेराव गिलाससे गाइखेरखौ लोंनांगोन, मोनफ्रोम घनटानि गेजेराव गिलाससे आरो अखानायै खावसे आरो थामथि सानाव मोनफ्रोम घनटानि गेजेराव गिलाससे। Then the quantity of milk should be gradually increased so as to take a glass every half an hour, if such a quantity can be tolerated comfortably. मोनफ्रोम खवसे घनटानि गेजेराव गिलाससे लोंनो थाखाय गाइखेरनि बिबांखौ अब्ला लासै लैसै बारायनांगोन, जुदि बेबायदि बिबङा गोजोननै हेंथाहोयाजासे हगारना होजायो। After the full milk diet, the patient should gradually embark upon a well- balanced diet with emphasis on fresh fruits and green leafy vegetables. फुरा गाइखेर खाजानि उनाव, बेरामिया लासैयै थाजिम फिथाइफोर आरो गोथां बिलायारि मैगं-थाइगंफोरनि सायाव जर होनानै मोनसे गाहाम-समानथाय खाजानि सायाव जुरिजेननांगौ। Certain vegetable juices, especially carrot juice, in combination with the juices of beets and cucumbers, have been found valuable in the treatment of appendicitis. खायसे मैगं-थाइगंनि बिदैफोर, जुनियायै गाजर बिदैखौ, बित्स आरो थाइबेंफोरनि बिदैफोरजों लोगोयाव, एपेनदिसितिसनि सिखितसायाव बेसेनगोनां होनना मोनदों। The temperature rises and the patient becomes pale and clammy. टेमपारेछारा बारायबोयो आरो बेरामिया सोमखेखे आरो गोजोनगैयै सिदोमा जालाङो। Regular use of tea made from fenugreek seeds has also proved helpful in preventing the appendix from becoming a dumping ground for excess mucous and intestinal waste. फेनइउग्रिक बेगरफोरनिफ्राय बानायनाय साहाखौ बाहायबायथानायाबो गोबांद्राइ गुंग्राइ आरो बिबुसिंनि खामानियावगैयैनि थाखाय मोनसे गारग्रा हाखर जानायनिफ्राय एपेनदिक्स होबथानायाव हेफाजाबगोनां फोरमान मोनबाय। The patient of appendicitis should adopt all measures to eradicate constipation, if it is habitual. बेयो सरजालांनायब्ला, एपेनदिसितिसनि बेरामिया खि-गोरा जानायखौ फोजोबस्रांनो गासै राहाफोरखौ आजावनांगोन। Much relief can be obtained by the application of hot fomentation and abdominal packs every morning and night. बांसिन आराम मोननायखौ सानफ्रोमबो फुं आरो मोनायाव गुदुं फौमेनतेसुन आरो एबदमिनेल थफ्लानि बाहायनायजों मोननो हायो। Abdominal massage is also beneficial. एबदमिनेल नाग्लिनायाबो मुलामफागोनां। Once the waste matter in the caecum has moved into the colon and thence eliminated, the irritation and inflammation in the appendix will sub-side and surgical removal of the appendix will not be necessary. सिकामाव थानाय उदायै मुवाया खेबसे बिबु गिदिरसिम दोरोदखांनाय आरो बैनिफ्राय बोखारजाखांबाय जेला, एपेनदिक्सआव माननाय आरो खांमग्लाबनाया गागोन आरो एपेनदिक्सनि सारजिकेल बोखारथिनि गोनांथि जानाय नङा। The surgical operation should be resorted to only in rare cases, when the appendix has become septic. सारजिखोल अपारेसनआ आगोमा जाथायफोरावल’ होजानांगौ, जेब्ला उफ्राया चेपटिक जालाङो। It refers to a thickening of the walls of the arteries due to the presence of calcium or lime. केलचियाम आरो सुनैनि नुजाथिनायनि जाहोनाव थै-रोदाफोरनि सोरगिदिंखखौ बुखांनाय दिनथियो। It has become a common ailment in modern times, accounting for much of the disability and high death rate among older people. बेयो दानि समफोराव मोनसे सरासनस्रा लोमजानाय जाबोबाय, बैसो-गोरा सुबुंनि मादाव बेंगुरा आरो गोजौ थैनाय हारफोरखौ बांसिन हिसाब खालामनानै। Arteriosclerosis is usually preceded by atherosclerosis, a kind of degeneration or softening of the inner lining of the blood vessel walls. आरतेरिवसक्लेरसिसआ सरासनस्रायै आरतेरिवसक्लेरसिसजों बारायहोजायो, थैखारग्रा रोदा सोरगिदिंफोरनि सिंनि बिगुरा गाज्रिसिन एबा गुरै जालांनायनि मोनसे रोखोम। The most risky places for such degeneration are the coronary vessels of the heart and the arteries leading to the brain. मेलोमखौ गिबि लानानै बेफोरबायदि गाज्रिसिन जानायनि बांसिन खैफोदगोनां जायगाफोरा बिखा आरो थै-रोदाफोरनि खर’नि दैबायग्रा। This condition may call for urgent operation. बे थासारिया हरखाब अपारेसननि थाखाय नांनो हागौ। Arteriosclerosis results in the loss of elasticity of the blood vessels, with a narrowing of the smaller arteries, which interferes with the free circulation of the blood. आरतेरिवसक्लेरसिसआ थैखारग्रा रोदानि लावथाय गोमालांनायाव दिनथियो, फिसासिन थै-रोदाफोरनि एसे गुसेबसिन जालांनायजों, जाय थैनि उदां खारसारनायाव हेंथाहोयो। These changes may gradually extend to capillaries and veins. बेफोर सोलायनायफोरखौ लासैयै केपिलारि आरो थै-रोदाफोरसिम गोसारहोनो हागोन। Arteriosclerosis is more frequent in men than women, especially in the younger age group. आरतेरिवसक्लेरसिसआ आयजोनिफ्राय हौवाफोरानाव बांसिन जासिनबायथायो, जुनियायै लाइमोन बैयो हानजानाव। It has been estimated that 40 per cent of all men over 40 years of age have a significant degree of obstruction of their coronary arteries and this can lead to a heart attack at any time. बेयो हमनालाजाबायदि 40 बोसोर बैसोनि बांसिन गासै हौवानि 40 जौखोनदोहा बिसोरनि खर’नि थै-रोदा हेंथानि मोनसे ओंथिगोनां थाखो दं आरो बेयो जायखिजाया समावनो बिखा साखांनाय सोमजिहोनो हायो। The symptoms of arteriosclerosis vary with the arteries involved. आरतेरिवसक्लेरसिसनि लोइखोनफोरा थै-रोदाफोर सरजाबफानाय दारै सोलायो। Signs of inadequate blood supply generally appear first in the legs. थोजासे नङै थै हगारहरनायनि लोइखोनफोरा गिबि आयथिंफोराव नुजायो। There may be numbness and coldness in the feet and cramps and pains in the legs even after light exercise. आयथिंआव थरगैयै आरो सुग्लिजोबनाय जानो हागौ आरो रेजें ब्याम खालायनायनि उनावबो आयथिंफोराव रम-रम मोननाय आरो सानायफोर। If the coronary arteries are involved, the patient may have sharp pains, characteristic of angina pectoris. जुदि खर’नि थै-रोदाफोरा सरजाबलायो, बेरामिया हरखाब सानायफोर मोननो हागौ, एजिना पेकटरिसनि आलादा आखु। When arteries leading to the brain are involved, the vessel may burst, causing haemorrhage in the brain tissues. मेलेमथिं थांनाय थै-रोदाफोरा जेब्ला सरजाबलायो, रोदाया बेरफ्रुनो हागौ, मेलेम बिदामाव थै गगारलांनाय जाहोनो हागौ। A cerebral vascular stroke, with partial or complete paralysis of one side of the body may result, if there is blockage with a blood clot. मेलेमारि रोदा स्ट्रकआ, देहानि फारसेया बाहागोसे एबा फुरा खुरिया-बेराम जानाय नुजाथिनो हागौ, बेयाव थै लाथाखानायजों थाबथेनाय दंब्ला। In the chronic state of appendicitis, the patient may suffer from recurrent pain in the right lower abdomen with constipation, loss of appetite and mild nausea. एपेनदिसितिसनि गोब्राब थासारियाव, आगदानि गाहाय अहेबाव साखांफिनबायथानायनिफ्राय खि-गोरा जानाय, उखैनाय गोमालांनाय आरो गोबालुलु मोननायजों बेरामिआ भुगिनो हागौ। It may also lead to loss of memory and a confused state of mind in elderly people. बेबो बैसोगोरा सुबुंफोरनाव गोसोखांथि गोमालांनाय आरो गोसोनि सानस’नोहायै-जानाय थासारियाव दैदेनलांनो हागौ। If arteries leading to the kidneys are involved, the patient may suffer from high blood pressure and kidney disorders. किडनिफोरथिं थांनाय थै-रोदाफोरा सरजाबफायोब्ला, बेरामिया हाय ब्लाद प्रेछार् आरो किडनि गाज्रिजानायफोरनिफ्राय भुगिनो हागौ। The most important cause of arteriosclerosis is excessive intake of white sugar, refined foods and a diet high in fat, and a diet rich in cholesterol. आरतेरिवसक्लेरसिसनि बांसिन गोनां जाहोना जादों बांद्राय गुफुर सिनि जानाय, गोबां मेजेम गोनां साजायजानाय आदारफोर आरो मोनसे खाजा, गोबां कुलेसत्रुल गोनां मोनसे खाजा। Hardening of the arteries may also be caused by other diseases such as high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, rheumatism, malaria and syphilis. थै-रोदाफोरनि बुखांबोनायबो गुबुन बेरामफोरजों जोहोजानो हागौ जेरैहाय हाय ब्लाद प्रेछार्, अबेसिटि, डायइबिटिस, गानथि सानाय बेराम, मेलेरिया आरो सिफुइलिच। Emotional stress also plays an important part, and heart attacks are more common during periods of mental and emotional disturbances, particularly in those engaged in sedentary occupations. गोसोआरि नारसिनजानायाबो मोनसे गोनां बाहागो लायो, आरो मेलेमारि आरो गोसोआरि जेंनाफोरनि समफोराव बिखा साखांनायफोरा बांसिन सरासनस्रामोन, जुनियायै थांलाय-फैलाय खालामनाङै फालांगारिफोराव मावनायाव। Heredity also plays its role and this disease runs in families. फोलेर-फारिआबो गावनि बिफावथिखौ मावो आरो बे बेरामा नखरफोराव सोलिलाङो। If the causes of arteriosclerosis are known, remedial action should be taken promptly to remove them To begin with, the patient should resort to a short juice fast for five to seven days. आरतेरिवसक्लेरसिसनि जाहोनफोरखौ मिथिनो मोनोब्ला, बेफोरखौ बोखारनो फाहामनाय हाबाखौ गोख्रैयैनो लानांगोन। जुरिजेननायावनो, बेरामिया बा निफ्राय स्नि साननि थाखाय जाया-लोङा साननैसो बिदैलोंना थानांगोन। All available fresh, raw vegetable and fruit juices in season may be taken. बोथोराव गासै मोनथावना थाजिम, गोथां मैगं-थायगं आरो फिथाइ बिदैफोरखौ लानो हागोन। Grapefruit juice, pineapple juice, lemon juice and juices of green vegetables are especially beneficial. आंगुर बिदै, आनारस बिदै, लिबु बिदै आरो गोथां मैगं-थायगंफोरनि बिदैफोरा जुनियायै मुलामफागोनां। A warm water enema should be used daily to cleanse the bowels during the period of fasting. जाया-लोङा थानायनि समाव बिबु-फिसाफोरखौ सुस्रानो सानफ्रोमबो दुंबुर दैनि इनेमाखौ बाहायनांगोन। Appendicitis is caused by a toxic bowel condition. एपेनदिसितिसआ मोनसे बिसगोनां बिबु-फिसा थासारिजों जाहोजायो। After the juice fast, patient should follow a diet made up of the three basic food groups, namely, seeds, nuts and grains, vegetables and fruits, with emphasis on raw foods. बिदैलोङाबालानो थानायनि उनाव, बेरामिया मोनथाम गिबि आदार हानजाफोरजों दाजानाय मोनसे खाजाखौ मानिना- सोलिनांगोन, जेरै, बेगरफोर, बादाम आरो ग्रेएन्सफोर, मैगं-थायगं आरो फिथाइफोर, गोथां आदारनि सायाव जर होनायजों। Plenty of raw and sprouted seeds and nuts should be used. गोबां गोथां आरो गाजाओंखारनाय बिगरफोर आरो बादामफोरखौ बाहायनो हागोन। Cold pressed vegetable oils, particularly safflower oil, flax seed oil and olive oil should be used regularly. निसथुरै सेबजानाय मैगं-थायगंनि थावफोर, जुनियायै चेफफ्लावारनि थाव, फ्लेक्स बेगरनि थाव आरो जलफाइनि थावखौ जेब्लायबो बाहायनो हागोन। Further short fasts on juices may be undertaken at intervals of three months or so, depending on the progress being made. बेनिअनगायै थाम दाननि थाद’नायाव एबा बिब्दियै साननैसो बिदै लोङाबालानो थानायखौ बिबानाव लानोहायो, जौगाहोजाखानाय सायाव लामानायनानै। The patient should take several small meals instead of a few large ones. बेरामिया खेबसेयै एसे बुरजाजानायनि अनगायै एफायै गोबांबार खाजाखौ जानांगौ। He should avoid all hydrogenated fats and an excess of saturated fats, such as butter, cream, ghee and animal fat. बियो गासै हाइड्रजेनेथेड मेजेम आरो बांद्राय जमा-जानाय मेजेमफोरखौ होबथानांगौ, जेरैहाय, माखन, साना, गिहु आरो जुनारनि मेजेम। He should also avoid meat, salt and all refined and processed foods, condiments, sauces, pickles, strong tea, coffee, white sugar, white flour, and all products made with them. बेदर, संख्रै आरो गासै गोथाव आरो मिलौहाब खालायजानाय आदारफोर, मचलाफोर, बाथोनफोर, आसारफोर, गोख्रों साहा, गुफुर गुनद्रा आरो बिसोरजों बानायनाय गासै मुवाफोरखौबो बियो एंगारनांगौ। Foods cooked in aluminium and copper utensils should not be taken, as toxic metals entering the body are known to be deposited on the walls of the aorta and the arteries. घातु आरो तामायाव संजानाय आदारफोरखौ जानो नाङा, मानोना देहासिङाव हाबनाय बिसगोनां धातुफोरा एअरता आरो थै-रोदाफोरनि सोरगिदिंयाव जमाजाहैयो होनना मिथिजानाय। Smoking, if habitual, should be given up as smoking constricts the arteries and aggravates the condition. थांखु सोबनायखौ, सरजालांनायब्ला, नागारनांगोन मानोना थांखु सोबनाया थै-रोदाखौ बोख्रेबो आरो थासारिखौ गाज्रिसिन खालामो। Recent investigations have shown that garlic and onions have a preventive effect on the development of arteriosclerosis. आथिखालनि नायबिजिरनायफोरा दिनथिबाय दि सामब्राम गुफुर आरो सामब्राम गोजाफोरहा आरतेरिवसक्लेरसिसनि बारायलांनायाव मोनसे होबथाग्रा जाउन दं। When an excessive amount of poisonous waste material is accumulated in the caecum, the appendix is irritated and over-worked and becomes inflamed. जेब्ला बिजगोनां गारजानाय बेसादनि जोबोद गोबां बिबाङा सिकामाव जमा जायो, एपेनदिक्सा आरो एपेनदिक्सआ मानलु-सालु जायो आरो गाज्रि-बाहायजाफ्लेयो आरो बेदलाबबोयो। Vitamin C has also proved beneficial as it helps in the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids. भिटामिन सिआबो मुलामफागोनां फोरमान खालामजाबाय मानोना बेयो कुलेसत्रुलखौ बाइल एचिदाव सोलायनायाव हेफाजाब होयो। The patient should undertake plenty of outdoor exercise and eliminate all mental stress and worries. बेरामिया गोबां बायजोनि बेयाम खालामनांगौ आरो गासै मेलेमारि नारसिनजानाय आरो दुखुफोरखौ एंगारनांगौ। Warm baths or carefully graduated cold baths are helpful. दुंबुर दैजों दुगैनाय एबा सांग्राङै सुजानाय दैगुसुजों दुगैनायफोरा हेफाजाब गोनां। Prolonged neutral immersion baths at bed time on alternate days are also beneficial. सानसे गारना सानसे उनाव उनदुनाय समाव गोबावसम खावसे गोदोनाथाना दुगैनायफोराबो मुलामफागोनां। The word 'arthritis' means 'inflammation of joints'. ‘आरथ्रितिस’ सोदोबनि ओंथिया जादों ‘गानथिफोरनि खामनाय’। It comes from two Greek words, athron meaning joints and itis meaning inflammation. बेयो मोननै ग्रिक सोदोबफोरनिफ्राय फैनाय, एथ्रननि ओंथिया गानथि आरो इतिसनि ओंथिया खामनाय। In the early stages, the whole body is usually involved and one or two joints may become completely deformed, leaving the patient handicapped and somewhat weakened. आगु थाखोफोराव, फुरा देहाया सरासनस्रायै हमफाजायो आरो मोनसे एबा मोननै गानथिफोरा फुरायै महर गाज्रि जाबोनो हागौ, बेरामिखौ बेंगुरा आरो एसेयै लोरबां खालामना गालांनानै। There are two categories of joints, namely, synarthrosis or those which do not move very much and do not have a cavity, and diarthrosis or those which move freely and have a joint cavity. बेयाव गानथिफोरनि मोननै थाखो दं, जेरै, सिनारथ्रसिस एबा जायफोरा बांद्राय लोरिया आरो केभिटिबो गैया, आरो डाइयारथ्रसिस एबा जायफोरा उदाङै लोरियो आरो गानथि केभिटि दं। The first types of joints are found in the head and spinal column. गानथिफोरनि गिबि रोखोमफोरखौ खर’ आरो सिनस्रि कलामाव मोनो। The second type, which is most frequently affected by arthritis, is more common and is found in the shoulders, elbows, wrists, fingers, knees, ankles and toes. नैथि रोखोमा, जाया आरथ्रितिसजों बांसिन गलेयै गोहोम खोखलैजानाय, बांसिन सरासनस्रा आरो फाफ्लिफोर, खिलाखुनथिफोर, आखाय गानथिफोर, आसिफोर, हानथुफोर, हानथु गिलाफोर, आरो आथिंनि आसिफोराव मोननाय जायो। It is an attempt on the part of nature to localise and 'burn-up' the toxins. जायगायाव लाखिनो आरो बिसफोरखौ “फोजोबस्रांनो” गुननि बाहागो सायाव बेयो मोनसे नाजानाय। Arthritis assumes various forms, the most frequent being osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. आरथ्रितिसा बायदि-रोखोमनि महरफोर नाजावो, बांसिन गले-गलेया अष्टियआथ्राइटिछ आरो रुमुतइड आथ्राइटिछ जानाय। Inflammation is the main feature of arthritis, which is a reaction of the joint tissues to some form of damage or injury. खामनायआ आथ्राइटिछनि गिबि आखु, जाया बायनाय एबा जखमनि खायसे महराव गानथि बिदामनि मोनसे फिनजाथाय। Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease which usually occurs in the older age-group. अष्टियआथ्राइटिछआ गोब्राब गानथि बेराम जाय सरासनस्रासै बैसोगोरा बैसो-जुथुमनाव नुजाथियो। It is more frequent in women than in men. बेयो हौवानिफ्राय आयजोनाव बांसिन जासिनो। The disease results from structural changes in the articular cartilage in the joints, usually those which are weight-bearing such as the spine and knees. गानथिफोराव आरतिकिउलार कारटिलेजनि दाथायारि सोलायनायफोरनि थाखाय बेरामा नुजायो, सरासनस्रायै जायफोरा अजन-थिगोग्रा जारैहाय सिनस्रि आरो हानथुफोर। The chief symptoms of osteoarthritis are pain and stiffness in the joints. अष्टियआथ्राइटिछनि गिबि लोइखोनफोरा जादों गानथिफोराव सानाय आरो फदबनो हायै। The pain usually increases after exercise. सानाया सरासनस्रायै बेयामनि उनाव बारायो। Other symptoms include watery eyes, leg cramps, allergies, arteriosclerosis, impairment in the functioning of the gall-bladder and liver disturbances. गुबुन लोइखोनफोरा मेगन मोदैगनाय, आयथं रम-रम मोननायफोर, मानलुनायफोर, आरतेरिवसक्लेरसिस, गल-ब्लादारनि खामानि मावग्राया हानि जानाय आरो लिभारनि जेंनाफोर सरजाबफायो। The possible causes include malnutrition, continuous physical stress, obesity, glandular insufficiency, calcium deficiency and shortage of hydrochloric acid. जाथावना जाहोनफोरा मेलनिउत्रिसन, थादनायगैयै देहायारि नारसिनजानाय, अबेसिटि, बिथोबख’ थोजासेनङै, थोजासेनङै केलचियाम आरो हाइड्रक्लरिक एचिडनि आंखाल। Rheumatoid arthritis is a serious disease which affects not only the joints of the fingers, wrists, hips, knees and feet but also the muscles, tendons and other tissues of the body. रुमुतइड आथ्राइटिछआ मोनसे गोब्राब बेराम जाय आसिफोर, आखाय गानथिफोर, थाफ्लिफोर, हानथुफोर आरो आयथिंफोरनि गानथिफोरखौल’ नङा नाथाय मोदोम-बेदरफोर, तेनदनफोर आरो गुबुन देहानि बिदामफोरखौबो गोहोम खोखलैया। This condition is brought about by wrong food habits and enervation of the system. बे थासारिया गाज्रि आदार हुदाफोर आरो बिखानथिनि लोरबांथिजों लाबोजानाय। The onset can be at any time from childhood to old age but usually appears between the age 25 and 50. जाजेननाया उनदैसमनिफ्राय बोराय बैसोसिम जायखिजाया समावनो जानो हागौ नाथाय सरासनस्रायै 25 आरो 50 बैसोनि गेजेराव नुजायो। It is three times more common in women than in men. बेयो हौवानिफ्राय हिनजावनाव थाम गुन बारा। The disease is due to an inflammatory process of the synovium or lining of the joints accompanied by swelling and eventual deformity. बेरामा सिनभियाम एबा गानथिफोरनि नांजाबनायनि बुखांनाय आरो जोबथा महरगाज्रिजों लोगोलाफाजानाय मोनसे थिफुखांनाय फारिखानथिनि थाखाय। Rheumatoid arthritis is often called the "cooked food disease." रुमुतइड आथ्राइटिछआ फ्राय “संजाखानाय आदार बेराम” बुंजायो। It usually develops gradually over several months with persistent pain and stiffness in one or more joints. बेयो सरासनस्रायै गाबां दानफोरनि बांसिन मोनसे एबा गोबां गानथिफोराव गानोरोङै सानाय आरो फदबनो हायैजों लासैयै बारायलांङो। Ultimately the whole body is affected. जोबनायाव फुरा देहाया गोहोम खोखलैजायो। Symptoms include anaemia, colitis, constipation, gall bladder disturbances, low blood pressure, deformed hands and feet. लोइखोनफोरा एनीमिया, कुलितिस, खि-गोरा जानाय, गल-ब्लादार जोंनाफोर, लअ’ ब्लाद प्रेसार, आखाय आरो आयथिंनि गाज्रि जानायखौ सरजाबफायो। The condition may be caused by hormonal imbalance, physical and emotional stress, infection, severe fright, shock and injury. थासारिया हरमनेल समानथायगैयै, देहायारि आरो गोसोआरि नारसिनजानाय, सनदेरनाय, गोब्राब गिखांनाय, बागदावनाय आरो जखम जानायजों सोमजिनो हागौ। Hereditary factors may also be responsible for the onset of this disease. फोलेर-फारियारि गम्सथाफोराबो बे बेरामनि जागायजेननायनि थाखाय दायगोनां जानो हागौ। According to the modern medical profession, there is no cure for arthritis and the patient must learn to live with it. दानि मेदिकेल फालांगिनि बायदियै, आथ्राइतिछनि थाखाय बेयाव फाहामनाय गैया आरो बेरामिया बेजों थांना-थानो सोलोंनांगोन। Most chronic arthritis patients are heavy eaters and often take food furnishing 3,500 to 4,000 calories. बांसिन गोब्राब आथ्राइतिछ बेरामिफोरा बुरजा जाग्राफोर आरो फ्राय 3,500 निफ्राय 4,000सिम केलरिगोनां बानायजानाय आदार जायो। Green juice extracted from any green leafy vegetable mixed with carrot, celery and red beet juice is specifically helpful for arthritis. गाजर, चिलेरि आरो गोजा बिटजों गलायनानै जायखि गोथां बिलायारि मैगं-थाइगंनिफ्राय सेबजानाय बिदैया जुनियायै आथ्राइतिछनि थाखाय हेफाजाबगोनां। To start with, it will be beneficial to undergo a fast for three to four days on orange juice and water. जुरिजेननायाव, सानथामनिफ्राय सानब्रै सानसिमनि थाखाय खमला बिदै आरो दैयाव ब्रत लाखिलांनाया मुलामफागोनां जागोन। The alkaline action of raw juices dissolves the accumulation of deposits around the joints and in other tissues. गोथां बिदैफोरनि खारदैनि खामानिया गानथिफोर आरो गुबुन बिदामफोराव सोरगिदिं बुथुमना दोननाय जथायथिखौ गलायो। Fresh pineapple is also valuable as the enzyme in fresh pineapple juice, reduces swelling and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. थाजिम आनारसाबो बेसेनगोनां मानोना थाजिम आनारस बिदैनि एन्जाइमा, अष्टियआथ्राइटिछ आरो रुमुतइड आथ्राइटिछाव बुनाय आरो बेदलाबनायखौ खामायो। Repeated juice fasts are recommended at intervals of every two months. फालिफिनबाय थानाय बिदै ब्रतफोरा मोनफ्रोम नै दाननि गेजेराव गनायथि होजायो। The raw potato juice therapy is considered one of the most successful biological treatment for rheumatic and arthritic conditions. गोथां आलु बिदै थेरापिआ रुमेतिक आरो आथ्राइतिक थासारिफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे जोबोर देहासार जिबआरि सिखितसा होनना गनायथि जादों। It has been used in folk medicine for centuries. जौथायफोरनि थाखाय बेयो सुबुं मुलैयाव बाहायजादोंमोन। The old method of preparing potato juice was to cut the potato into thin slices without peeling the skin and place overnight in a large glass filled with cold water. आलु बिदै बानायनायाव गोजाम आयदाया जादोंमोन बिगुरखौ लेबाबालानो गोबा सितायाव आलुखौ हानाय आरो दै गुसुजों आबुं गंसे गिजिर गिलासाव हरसेसोमना दोननाय। The water should be drunk in the morning on an empty stomach. फुङाव दैखौ खालि उदैयावनो लोंनांगोन। Fresh juice can also be extracted from potatoes and drunk diluted with water 50:50, first thing in the morning. थाजिम बिदैयाबो आलुनिफ्राय सेबजानो हागौ आरो फुंनि गिबि खामानि, 50:50 दैजों गलायनानै लों। Certain foods are harmful for arthritis patients and these must be excluded from the diet. खायसे आदारफोरा आथ्रितिछ बेरामिफोरनि थाखाय खहागोनां आरो खाजानिफ्राय बेयो एंगारजानांगोन। As they cannot utilise all the starchy elements of this intake, toxins accumulate and an excessive acid waste results in the aggravation of prevalent joint condition. बे नाजावनायनि गासै मायदिगोनां गुदिमुवाखौ बिसोर बाहायनो हाया जेला, बिसफोरा जमाजायो आरो बांद्राय एचिद गारजानाया सरासनस्रा गानथि थासारिखौ गाज्रि जाहोयो। These include aerated waters of any kind, all cheese except cottage cheese, bacon, ham, sausages and preserved meats, pastries, cakes, pies, sweet buns and white bread, all salad dressings, all soups made from meat stock, rice and white flour products. बेयो जायखि रोखोमनि बार सोजानाय दैफोर, गाइकेर माखानि अनगायै गासै गाइखेर-दाखा, बेकन, हेम, चचेजफोर आरो दोनथुमनाय बेदर, पेसथ्रिफोर, फिथाफोर, पाइ, गोदै पाव-रुटि आरो गुफुर रुटि, गासै सालाद साजायनायफोर, गासै बेदर रोखोमनिफ्राय बिदैफोर बानायनाय, माइरं आरो गुफुर गुनदै मुवाफोर सरजाबफायो। Candy, sweetness, sugar, ice cream, condiments, tea and coffee should also be avoided. लजेन, गोदैगुन, सिनि, आइस क्रिम, मचला, साहा आरो कफियाबो एंगारजानांगौ। Fruits permitted in arthritis are apples, lemons, oranges, bananas, pears, the various berries, apricots, pineapples, plums and melons. आथ्राइतिछआव फिथाइ गनायथिहोजानायफोरा जादों आपेल, लिबु, खमला, थालिर, नाचपति, बाइदि जामबुफोर, एप्रिकटफोर, आनारसफोर, बैग्रिफोर आरो तरमुजफोर। Vitamin A and D play an important role in warding off infections, thereby preventing arthritis. भिटामिन A आरो Dआ सनदेरनायनि रैखाथियाव मोनसे गोनां बिफावथि गेलेयो, बेनि दारै आथ्राइतिछखौ होबथागासिनो। Oranges, papayas, carrots, whole milk and butter, all green leafy vegetables, tomatoes and raw bananas are rich in Vitamin A. खमलाफोर, मुदुमफुलफोर गाजरफोर, गासै गाइखेर आरो माखन, गासै गोथां बिलायारि मैगं-थाइगंफोर, फानथाव-गोखैफोर आरो गोथां थालिरफोरा गोबां भिटामिन A गोनां। Vitamin D is chiefly obtained from exposing the skin to sunshine. भिटामिन Dआ गाहायै सानदुङाव बिगुरखौ बेखेवनायनिफ्राय मोनो हायो। Sunlight is an important factor in the prevention of arthritis. सानसोराङा आथ्राइतिछनि होबथानायाव मोनसे गोनां गमस्ता। Constipation should be avoided as it poisons the system and adds to the irritation and inflammation of the joints. खि-गोरा जानायआ होबथानांगोन मानोना बेयो आदबखौ बिसगोनां खालामो आरो गानथिफोराव मानलु-सासु आरो खामनायफोर होफादेरो। Light exercises such as walking is beneficial. रेजें बेयामफरो जेरैहाय थाबायनाया मुलामफागोनां। Maintaining a normal body weight is also an important factor in preventing arthritis. मोनसे गेजेर देहा आजन लाखिनायाबो आथ्राइतिछ होबथानायाव मोनसे गोनां गमस्ता। A low calorie diet consisting of about 2,000 calories with minimum carbohydrate content is advisable. खम कारबहाइड्रेड गोनां 2,000 केलरिफ्राम गोनां खम केलरि खाजाया बोसोनहोजाथाव। Obesity places excess stress on weight-bearing joints and interferes with the smooth functioning of tendons, ligaments and muscles. अबेसिटिआ अजन-थिगोग्रा गानथिफोराव बांद्राय नारसिनजानाय सेमजिहोयो आरो तेनदनफोर, जरा रोदाफोर आरो मोदोम-बेदरफोरनि हेंथागैयै खामानिमावनायाव हेंथा होयो। The body should be kept warm at all times. देहाखौ गासै समावफोरावनो दुंबुर दोननांगौ। Joints should not be bandaged tightly as this limits movement and interferes with the free circulation of blood. गानथिफोरखौ गोरायै बेन्देज खाथाबनाङा मानोना बेयो लोर-सोरखौ सिमाहोयो आरो थैनि उदाङै खारसारनायाव हेंथा होयो। There should be plenty of ventilation in the bedroom. उन्दुग्रा-खथायाव गोबां भेनटिलेशन थानांगौ। Rest is very important for those suffering from arthritis, who should not overdo their work, exercise or indulge in recreational activities. आथ्राइथिछजों भुगिनायफोरनि थाखाय जिरायनाया जोबोद गोनां, जाय गावसोरनि खामानि, बेयामखौ खालामनो एबा रंजानाय मावथिफोराव हगारसारनो बारानाङा। Bronchitis refers to an inflammation of the bronchi or air passage of the lung. ब्रंक्राइटिचआ ब्रंकाइ एबा संफ्लनि बार थांग्रायाव बेदलाबनायखौ फोरमायो। It is a breathing disorder affecting the expiratory function. बेयो हां-हगारनाय बिखानथिखौ गोहोमखोखलैनाय मोनसे हां-लानाय जेंना। In most cases, some infection also occurs in the nose and throat. बांसिन जाथायफोराव, एखनबा सनदेरनायाबो गनथुं आरो गारमायाव नुजायो। Bronchitis may be acute or chronic. ब्रंक्राइटिचआ गोख्रों आरो गोब्राब जानो हागौ। In chronic cases, the disease is of long duration. गोब्राब जाथायफोराव, बेरामा गोलाव समनि जायो। The diet should, however, include an adequate amount of vitamins, calcium, phosphorous and iron. खाजाया, अब्लाबो, थोजासे बिबांनि भिटामिन, केलचियाम, फसफुरास आरो आयरन सरजाबफानांगौ। It is more serious than the acute type as permanent changes may have occurred in the lungs, thereby interfering with their normal movements. बेयो गोख्रों रोखोमनिफ्राय बां गोब्राबसिन मानोना संफ्लयाव अरायथा सोलायनायफोरा नुजादों जानोहागौ, बेनिजाहोनाव बिसोरनि लोर-सोरफोराव हेंथाहोगासिनो। Chronic bronchitis is a condition of ageing and presumably degeneration of the respiratory tract that has been subjected to years of irritation by atmospheric pollutants, inhaled organism and, in smokers, too many years of self-inhaled irritants. गोब्राब ब्रंक्राइटिचआ बैसो जालांनायनि मोनसे थासारि आरो हां-लाग्रा जायगानि गोगलैसोनाय जानोहागौ जायहा आबहावायारि गेबेंहोग्राफोर, मनलांनाय जिबजों बोसोरनि थाखाय मानलुनाहोजानाय आरो, थांखु-सोबग्राफोरनाव, जोबोद गोबां बोसोरनि गाव-सोबलांनाय मानलुनायफोर। It has been more frequent in males than in females and mortality rate is also higher in males. बेयो आयजोफोरनिफ्राय हौवाफोरानाव बांसिन गलेयै जायोमोन आरो थैनायनि हाराबो हौवाफोरनाव गोजौसिन। In most cases of bronchitis, the larynx, trachea and bronchial tubes are acutely inflamed. ब्रंक्राइटिचनि बांसिन जाथायफोराव, बारनाला, हांनाला आरो गारमा नोलिफोरा गोख्रोङै खामजानायजायो। The tissues are swollen due to irritation. मानलु-सासुनि थाखाय बिदामफोरा बुखांबाय। Large quantities of mucus are secreted and poured into the windpipe to protect the inflamed mucous membranes. गोबां बिबांनि गुंग्राइफोरा नेरजायो आरो खामनाय गुंग्राइ बिगुरखौ रैखाखालामनो हां-नालायाव बोहैहरजायो। There is usually some fever, and difficulty in breathing as well as a deep, chest cough. बैयाव सरासनस्रायै खायसे लोमजानाय, आरो हां-लानाय लोगोसे गोथौ, बिखा गुजुनायाव जेंना दं। Other symptoms are hoarseness, pain in the chest, lack of energy and depression. गुबुन लोइखोनफोरा जादों गारमा-थेरनाय, बिखायाव सानाय, गोहोनि खमायलांनाय आरो नारसिननाय। The breathing trouble continues till the inflammation subsides and mucus is removed. हां-लानाय जेंनाया सोलिलाङो जेब्लासिम बेदलाबनाया खमाया आरो गुंग्राइया नेरजाया। In chronic cases, besides excessive production of bronchial mucus, there is infection and lung destruction. गोब्राब जाथायफोराव, बेनिअनगायै हागादैनि बांद्राय सेमजिनाया, बैयाव सनदेरनाय आरो संफ्ल’ सेवलांनाय दं। The diet of the arthritis patient should be alkaline in nature and include fruits and vegetables for protection and proteins and carbohydrates for energy. आथ्राइतिछ बेरामिनि खाजाया खारदै रोखोमनि जानांगौ आरो रैखाथिनि थाखाय फिथाइ आरो मैगं-थायगंफोर आरो गोहोनि थाखाय कारबहाइड्रेडफोर सरजाबनांगौ। Acute bronchitis may very often occur as a sequel to a common cold or as a result of an attack of influenza. गोख्रों ब्रंक्राइटिचआ फ्रायै सरासनस्रा गगामोनलांबाय थानाय महरै आरो इनफ्लुएनजानि गाग्लोबनायनि मोनसे फिथाइ महरै नुजायो। The severity of the disease depends on the extent of the spread of infection which is aggravated by exposure to cold, damp and smoke. बेरामनि गोब्राबथिआ सनदेरनायनि गोसारथि बारायनाय सायाव सोनारो जाया गगामोननाय, सिदोमा जानाय आरो उखुनदैयाव ओंखानायजों गाज्रिसिन जायो। The disease becomes chronic due to recurring attacks of acute bronchitis and wrong food habits. गोख्रों ब्रंक्राइटिच आरो गाज्रि आदार सरफोरनि गाग्लोबफिननायनि थाखाय बेरामा गोब्राब जाबोयो। The habitual use of refined foods such as white sugar, refined cereals and white flour products results in the accumulation of toxic matter in the system and this toxic waste collects in the bronchial tube. साजायनाय आदारफोर जेरैहाय गुफुर सिनि, साजायनाय चिरियालफोर आरो गुफुर गुनदै मुवाफोरखौ जेब्लायबो बाहयनाया आदबाव बिसगोनां बेसादनि जमाजानायाव नुजाथियो आरो बे बिसगोनां आद्राखौ गारमा नोलियाव बुथुमो। Other causes of bronchitis are excessive smoking, living or working in a stuffy atmosphere and the use of drugs to suppress earlier diseases. ब्रंक्राइटिचनि गुबुन जाहोनफोरा जादों बांद्राय थांखु-सोबनाय, बारगैयै बारमण्डल थानाय एबा खालामनि-मावनाय आरो आगु बेरामखौ गाग्लोबनो मुलैफोरनि बाहायनाय। Atmospheric position and climate are important causal factors for the onset of the disease. बारमण्डलारि थासारि आरो बारहावाफोरा बेरामनि जुरिजेननायनि थाखाय गोनां जाब्रबनाय गमस्ताफोर। The greater the pollution, the higher will be the rate of chronic bronchitis. सुबुंअनजिमाया जेसेबां बुरजा, गोब्राब ब्रंक्राइटिचनि हारा एसेबां गौजौसिन जागोन। In acute cases of bronchitis, the patient should fast on orange juice and water till the symptoms subside. ब्रंक्राइटिचनि गोख्रों जाथायफोराव, बेरामिया कमला बिदै आरो दैखौ लोङाबालानो थानांगोन जेब्लासिम लोइखोनफोरा खमाया। The procedure is to take the juice of an orange in a glass of warm water every two hours from 8 am to 8 pm During this period, the bowels should be cleansed daily with a warm water enema. मावखानथिआ फुंनि 8निफ्राय मोनानि 8सिम मोनफ्रोम नै घनटानि गेजेराव दै दुंबुरनि गंसे गिलासाव कमलानि बिदै लोंनाय, बे समाव, बिबु-फिसाफोरखौ गंसे दुंबुर दै इनेमाजों सानफ्रोमबो सुस्रानांगोन। After the juice fast, the patient should adopt an all-fruit diet for two or three days. बिदै ब्रतनि उनाव, नै एबा थाम सानफोरनि थाखाय बेरामिया गासै-फिथाइ खाजा नाजावनांगौ। It may consist of a couple of fresh raw vegetables in the form of salads and at least two cooked vegetables. बेयो सालादफोरनि महराव एसे बिबांनि थाजिम गोथां मैगं-थाइगंफोर आरो खमसेखम मोननै संजानाय मैगं-थाइगंफोर थानो हायो। In case of chronic bronchitis, the patient may adopt an all-fruit diet for five to seven days in the beginning of the treatment. गोब्राब ब्रंक्राइटिचनि जाथायाव, बेरामिया जागायजेननाय सिखितसायाव बानिफ्राय स्नि सानफोरनि थाखाय गासै-फिथाइ खाजा आजावनो हायो। In this regimen, he should have three meals a day of fresh juicy fruits such as apples, pears, grapes, grapefruits, oranges, pineapples, peaches and melons. बे रेजिमेनाव, बेयो सानसेयाव थाजिम बिदैगोनां फिथाइफोर जेरैहाय आपेलफोर, नाचपतिफोर, आंगुरफोर, खमलाफोर, आनारसफोर, बैग्रि बेलाथि आरो तरमुजफोरनि खनथाम आदार जानांगौ। Bananas and dried or stewed or tined fruits should not be taken. थालिर आरो फोरानजानाय एबा रुजानाय एबा टिन्द फिथायफोरखौ लानो नाङा। For drinks, unsweetened lemon water or cold or hot plain water may be taken. लोंनायफोरनि थाखाय, गोदैगैयै लेबु दै एबा गुसु एबा गुदुं सरासनस्रा दैखौ लोंनो हायो। After the all-fruit diet, the patient should follow a well-balanced diet based on the three basic good groups, namely, seeds, nuts and grains, vegetables and fruits, as outlined in Chapter 1 on Diet in Health and Disease. गासै-फिथाइ खाजानि उनाव, बेरामिया मोनथाम गिबि आदार हानजाफोर जेरै, बेगरफोर, बादाम आरो ग्रेएन्सफोर, मैगं-थायगं आरो फिथाइफोराव सोनारनानै मोनसे गाहाम-समानथाय खाजा आजावनांगोन, खोनदो 1याव देहा आरो बेरामनि खाजा सायाव बुंफ्रुदनाय बायदियै। The patient should avoid meats, sugar, tea, coffee, condiments, pickles, refined and processed foods, soft drinks, candies, ice cream and products made from sugar and white flour. बेदर, सिनि, साहा, कफि, मचलाफोर, आसारफोर, गासै गोथाव आरो मिलौहाब खालायजानाय आदारफोर, निसा-गैयै लोंग्राफोर, लजेनफोर, आइस क्रीम आरो सिनि आरो गुफुर गुनदैनिफ्राय बानायनाय मुवाफोर। Certain vegetable juices have been found valuable in the treatment of bronchitis. खायसे मैगं-थाइगंनि बिदैफोरखौ ब्रंक्राइटिचनि सिखितसायाल बेसेनगोनां होनना मोनबाय। The combined juice of carrot and spinach is especially beneficial. गाजर आरो फालेंनि लागायनाय बिदैया जुनियायै मुलामफागोनां। Formula proportions considered helpful in this combination are carrot 10 ounces and spinach 6 ounces to prepare 16 ounces or 1 pint of juice. बे जथायाव खानथि रुजुथायफोर 16 आउन्ससो एबा बिदैनि फुवा1 दिहुननायाव हेफाजाबगोनां हमनालाजानायफोरा जादों 10 आउन्ससो गजर आरो 6 आउन्ससो फालें। A hot Epsom salt bath every night or every other night will be highly beneficial during the acute stages of the attacks. हरफ्रोमबो आरो सानसे बाद सानसे हराव गुदुं एपसम सल्ट दुगैनाया गाग्लोबनायनि गोख्रों थाखोफोर समाव जोबोरै मुलामफागोनां जागोन। Cabbage, carrot, celery, cucumber, endive, lettuce, onion, radish, tomato and watercress may be used for raw salad. बान्दा-कबि, गाजर, चिलेरि, थाइबें, एनदिभ, लेटिस, सामब्राम, मुला, फानथाव-बिलाति आरो वातारक्रेसेसखौ गोथां सालादनि थाखाय बाहायजानो हागौ। The patient should remain immersed in the bath for about 20 minutes. बेरामिया फ्राय 20नि थाखाय दुगैनायाव हाबनानै थानांगौ। In case of chronic bronchitis, this bath may be taken twice a week. गोब्राब ब्रंक्राइटिचनि जाथायाव, बे दुगैनायखौ सपतायाव साननै लानो हायो। Hot towels wrung out and applied over the upper chest are also helpful. गुदुं गामसाफोर सेखन जानाय आरो बिखानि सायाव नानायफोराबो हेफाजाबगोनां। Fresh air and outdoor exercises are also essential to the treatment of bronchitis and the patient should take a long walk every day. ब्रंक्राइटिचनि सिकितसायाव गोगो बार आरो बायजोयाव-गेलेग्रा बेयामफोराबो गोनांथार आरो बेरामिया सानफ्रोमबो गोलाव लामा थाबायनांगौ। The word literally means a waterfall. सोदोबा गुबैयै दैबाज्रुम फोरमायो। It refers to opacity in the lens of the eye which obscures the vision. बेयो मेगननि लेन्साव अप्क जानाय फोरमायो जायो नुथायखौ मोसलोर खालामो। Blindness ensues when no light rays can enter the eye through the capacity of the lens. मेगना-खाना जायो जेब्ला लेन्सनि गेजेरजों मेगननाव सोरां रोदाफोरा हाबनो हाया। The first sign of cataract is blurred vision. केतेरेक्तनि गिबि लोइखोना जादों नुथाय मोसलेर जानाय। The patient finds it difficult to see things in focus. बेरामिया मिरुथायाव मुवाफोरखौ नायनो गोब्राब मोनो। As the cataract progresses, the patient may get double vision or spots or both. केतेरेक्तआ जेब्ला बारायबोयो, बेरामिया मोननै-मोननै नुथाय एबा दागो एबा मोननैबो मोननो हागौ। The cooked vegetables may include asparagus, beets, cauliflower, cabbage, carrots, celery, brinjal, mushroom, onions, peas, beans, spinach, squash, tomatoes and turnips. संजानाय मैगं-थाइगङा एसपारागुस, बिट, फुल-कबि, बानदा-कबि, गाजर, चिलेरि, फानथाव, मैखुन, सामब्राम, मटर, बिन, फालें, स्कुवास, फानथाव-बिलाति आरो टारनिबफोरखौ सरजाबफानो हागौ। There is gradual increase in blindness. मोगनखाना जानाया लासैयै बारायबोदों। At first, vision in twilight may be better than in full daylight since light is admitted through the more widely-dilated pupil in the dark. गिबियाव, नुनाय गोहोया खोमसिज्लिदाव फुरा सान-सोरांनिफ्राय साबसिन जानो हागौ मानोना खोमसियाव सोराङा बांसिन गुवारै-बारायनाय फरायसानि गेजेराव गनायथि जायो। In the advance stage, objects and persons may appear merely blobs of light. आवगायनाय थाखोयाव, बेसादफोर एबा सुबुंफोरा मोबलिपनि बिनदोफोरल’ नुजानो हागौ। In the final stage, there is a greyish-white discoloration in the pupil. जाबथा थाखोयाव, फरायसानाव फुरगेव-गुफुर बुगबजालांनाय नुजायो। Cataract is often found in association with other defects of the eye. केतेरेक्तआ फ्राय मेगननि गुबुन जेंनाफोरजों गोरोबनायाव जायो। There are four factors which contribute to the loss of transparency of the lens. बैयाव मोनब्रै गम्सता दं जाय लेन्सनि रोखायै-नुनो हानाय गोमालांनायाव बिहोमा होयो। As in case of most diseases, poisons in the blood stream due to dietetic errors and faulty style of living are the real cause of cataract. बांसिन बेरामफोरनि जाथायाव जिहेतु, आदारारि जेंनांफोर आरो थांनाथानायनि गोरोनथि नेम-खानथिनि थाखाय थै बोहैनायाव बिसफोरा केतेरेक्तनि गुबै जाहोन। The toxic matter in the blood stream spreads throughout the body to find shelter in any available weak spots. थै बोहैनायाव बिसगोनां मुवाया जायखि थाथावना लोरबां जायगाफोराव जायगा नागिरनो देहानि गासैयावबो गोसारो। It strikes the lens if that part has become weak through strain, excessive use of the eyes or local irritation. नारसिनथाय, बांद्राय मेगनफोरखौ बाहायनाय एबा जायगायारि मानलुनायनि गेजेरजों बै बाहागोआ लोरबां जाबायब्ला बेयो लेन्सखौ गोहोमखोखलैयो। The condition becomes worse with the passage of time and then a cataract starts developing. थासारिआ समनि बारलांनायजोंगाज्रिसिन जाबोयो आरो उनाव केतेरेक्तआ बारायनो जुरिजेननो। In severe cases, it will be advisable to put the patient on a vegetable juice therapy for about a week. गोब्राब जाथायफोराव, सपतासेफ्रामनि थाखाय बेरामिखौ मैगं-थाइगंनि बिदै थेरापियाव दोननो बेयो बोसोनहोजाथाव। Some specialists believe that the most important cause of many cataracts is poor nutrition. खायसे रोंखा-राखाफोरा मानियो दि गोबां केतेरेक्तनि बांसिन गोनां जाहोना जादों नेहात पुरिपुष्टि। This may be true even in the case of the type of cataract commonly called senile or ageing cataract. सरासनस्रायै बैसोगोरा एबा बैसो जानाय केतेरेक्त बुंजानाय केतेरेक्तनि जाथनि बोलायावबो बेयो सैथो जानो हागौ। The cause may be a lifetime of malnutrition. जाहोना गासै-जिव मेल-नीउत्रिसनाव थानो हागौ। Dr Morgan Raifod, ophthalmologist who has studied cataracts for many years, considers faulty nutrition to be a basic factor in cataract. ड. मरगोन राइपदआ, अपथालम’ल’जिस्त जाय गोबां बोसोरनि थाखाय केतेरेक्तखौ बिजिरदोंमोन, केतेरेक्ताव गोरोनथिगोनां पुरिपुष्तिया मोनसे गिबि गमस्ता होनना मानिदों। He has found by experience that prevention of cataract is initiated by improving nutrition. भुगिनानै बियो मिथिबायदि केतेरेक्तनि होबथानायखौ पुरिपुष्ति जौगाहोनायजों जागायजेननो हायो। Cataract is the most stubborn condition to deal with. फाहामनो केतेरेक्तआ बांसिन अख्रा थासारि। If it has become deep-seated, nothing short of a surgical operation will help in overcoming the trouble. बेयो जाबोद-गोब्राबसिन जाबायब्ला, मोनसे सारजिकोल अपारेसनबायदि जेबोयानो जेंना होखारनायाव हेफाजाब होनाय नङा। If, however, the cataract is in the early stages, there are good chances of getting over the ailment by natural means. जुदि, अब्लाबो, केतेरेक्तआ गिबि थाखोफोरावबा, सरासनस्रा नेमजों बैयाव लोमजानायनिफ्राय बारगनो मोजां खाबुफोर दं। Even advanced cases can be prevented from becoming worse. गोब्राब जाथायफोराबो गाज्रिसिन जाबोनायनिफ्राय होबजागोन। A thorough course of cleansing the system of the toxic matter is essential. बिसगोनां बेसादनि खानथिखौ सुस्रानायाव मोनसे आबुं फारिया गोनांथार। A warm water enema may be taken during this period. बे समाव गुदुं दै एनेमा लाजानो हागौ। However, the time needed for such treatment may extend from six months to three years. नाथाय, बेफोरबादि सिकितसानि थाखाय नांगौजानाय समा द दाननिफ्राय थाम बोसोरसिम बांनोहागौ। Adelle Davis, one of America's best-known nutritionists, has pointed out that animals develop cataracts if deprived of pantothenic acid and amino acid, tryptophan and vitamin B6 needed for tryptophan assimilation. आमेरिकानि साबसिन मिथिजानाय निउत्रिसनिस्तफोरनि सासे, आदेले देभिसा फोरमायथिदोंमोनदि जुनारफोरा मेगन-नामिनायाव भुगियो जुदि पेनथथेनिक एसिद आरो एमिन’ एसिद, त्राइपत’फेन गोरोबलायनायनि थाखाय नांगौजानाय त्राइपत’फेन आरो भितामिनफोराव आंखाल जायो। She states that the diet of the cataract patient should be high in B2, B6, as well as whole B complex, pantothenic acid, vitamin C, D, E and other nutrients. बियो फोरमायोदि मेगन-नामिनाय बेरामिनि आदारा गोबां बि2, बि6 लोगोसे बि कमप्लेक्स, पेनत’थेनिक एसिद भितामिन सि,दि,इ आरो गुबुन निउत्रिनफोर गोनां जानांगोन। Along with the dietary treatment, the patient should adopt various methods of relaxing and strengthening the eyes. आदारआरि सिकितसाजों लोगोसे, बेरामिया मेगनखौ आराम आरो गोख्रोंखालामनायनि गोबां आदबफोर फालिनांगौ। These include moving the eyes gently up and down, from side to side and in a circle, clock-wise and anti-clockwise; rotating the neck in circles and semi-circles and briskly moving the shoulders clock-wise and anti-clockwise. बेफोर सरजाबफायो- लासैयै मेगनफोरखौ गोजौ गाहाय, ओजोंनिफ्राय-ओजों आरो दुलुरै, घरिबादि आरो उलथा घरिबादि फिदिंनाय, गोदोनाखौ दुलुरै आरो खाव-दुलुरै फिदिंनाय आरो सांग्राङै फाफ्लिखौ घरिबादि आरो उलथा घरिबादि दोरोदहोनाय। Palming is highly beneficial in removing strain and relaxing the eyes and its surrounding tissues. आखायथालाजों बिलिरनाया जखमखौ बोखारनायाव आरो मेगन आरो बेनि सोरगिदिं थानाय बिदामफोरखौ जिरायहोनायाव जोबोरै मुलामफागोनां। Cover the eyes with the palms, right palm over the right eye and the left over the left eye. आखायथालाजों मेगनफोरखौ खोब, आगदा मेगन सायाव आगदा आखायथाला आरो आगसि मेगन सायाव आगसि। Do not press on the eyes themselves. गावसोरनोगाव मेगनफोराव नारसिननो नाङा। Then allow your elbow to drop to your knees, which should be fairly close together. बेनिउनाव नोंनि खिलाखुन्थिखौ नोंनि हानथुयाव गोगलैनो हो, जाय जयै रोखायै खाथि जालायनांगौ। Try to imagine blackness, which grows blacker and blacker. गोसोमखौ सानखांहरनो नाजा, जाय गोसोमनिफ्राय गोसोमसिन जासिनो। After this initial fast, a diet of a very restricted nature should be followed for two weeks. बे गिबि ब्रतनि उनाव, मोनसे सिमनागोनां आखुनि आदारखौ नै सफथानि थाखाय फालिनांगौ। Fresh air and gentle outdoor exercise, such as walking, are other essentials to the treatment. गोथार बार आरो नोरोम बायजोआरि बियामफोरा जादों सिकितसानि थाखाय गुबुन गोनांथि, जेरैबादि थाबायनाय। The common cold, also known as acute coryza, is an inflammation of the upper respiratory tract caused by infection with virus. बां करिजा महरैबो मोनथिजानाय सरासनस्रा गगाया जिउसागोनां सनदेरथिजों सोमजिहोजानाय सा हांनालानि मोनसे बेदलाबनाय। It occurs more often than all other diseases. बेयो गुबुन गासैबो बेरामनिख्रुइ जोबोर गले-गले जायो। A person suffers from this disease three times in a year on an average. गरै बोसोरसेयाव सासे मानसिया बे बेरामाव खेबथाम भुगियो। A cold usually lasts from three to ten days. गगामोननाया सरासनस्रायै थामनिफ्राय जि सानसिम थावरियो। The patient feels miserable for the first three days or so. बेरामिया गिबि थाम सान एबा बांसिनाव नोरजियासिन मोनदाङो। The first signs of a cold are a feeling of soreness of the throat and congestion of the nasal passage. गगामोननायनि गिबि लोइखोनफोरा जादों गारमा खाब्रां आरो गनथङारि लामा होथेनाय मोनदांनाय। Although the disease normally begins in the nose and throat, it affects all parts of the body. जुदिबो बेरामा सरासनस्रायै गनथं आरो गारमायाव जागायजेनो, बेयो देहानि गासैबो बाहोगोफोरखौ गोहोम खोखलैयो। Its usual symptoms are a running nose, sneezing, a rise in temperature, headache, sore throat, chill, aches and pains in the body and loss of appetite. बेनि सरानस्रा लोइखोनफोरा जादों गनथं दैगनाय, हासिउनाय, गुदुं बांनाय, खर’-सानाय, गारमा साखांनाय, गोजांनाय, देहानि सानाय आरो दुखुमोननाय आरो खहाबनाय गोमानाय। The skin around the nostrils may become sore. गनथं-गुदुं सोरगिदिं थानाय बिगुरा साखांनो हागौ। In this regimen, breakfast may consist of oranges or grapes or any other juicy fruit in season. बे रेजिमेनाव, फुं-खाजाया नारेंखमला एबा आंगुर एबा बोथोराव जायखिजाया गुबुन रोसिगोनां फिथाइखौ सरजाबफानोहागौ। The common cold results from exposure to the virus. सरासनस्रा गगामोननाया भाइरास नुजाथिनायनिफ्राय जायो। Its intensity will, however, depend upon the state of health of the person and environmental factors. नाथाय, बेनि बांनाया सासे मानसिनि देहायारि थाथाय आरो आबहावायारि जाहोनफोरनि सायाव सोनारगोन। Lowered vitality, allergic disorders of the nose and throat, chilling of the body, lack of sleep, depression, fatigue and factors such as sudden changes in temperature, dust and other irritating inhalations are important cases contributing to the development of a cold. खम गोहो, गनथं आरो गारमानि एलारजिक गाज्रिजानाय, देहा गुसुमोननाय, खम उनदुनो ओंखारनाय, गोसोबायनाय, मेंनाय आरो हरखाब बिदुं सोलायनाय, हाद्रि आरो गुबुन दिगदारगोनां हांलानाय बायदिफोरानो जादों गगामोननायाव हेफाजाबहोग्रा गोनां जाहोन। The real cause of a cold, however, is the toxic condition of the body brought about by wrong food habits such as an excessive intake of starch, carbohydrates, proteins, and other acid-forming foods. नाथाय, गगामोननायनि गुबै जाहोना जादों गोरोनथि आदार जानाय-हुदाजों लाबोजानाय बिसगोनां थासारिफोर, जेरैबादि फुरजामुवा, कारबहायद्रेत, प्रतिन, आरो गुबुन एसिद-गोनां आदारफोरखौ नांगौनि बांद्राय आजावनाय। A cold is, therefore, nature's simplest way of expelling toxic waste from the human system. बेखायनो, गगामोननाया सुबुं बिखानथिनिफ्राय बिसगोनां गाज्रिमुवाखौ दिहुनगारनायनि मिथिंगानि मोनसे गोरलैसिन राहा। The duration of the cold will depend on the amount of poisons accumulated in the body and the rapidity with which they are expelled. गगामोनायनि समा देहा आरो गलेगलेथायाव जजानाय बिसनि बिबांनि सायाव सोनारो जायजों बेफोर दिहुनगारजायो। To treat a cold by means of customary suppressive drugs like aspirin, codeine, etc will only pave the way for future trouble of a more serious nature for, such a treatment puts a sudden stop to the eliminative process then taking place and forces the toxic matter back into the tissues again. एसपेरिन, कदिएन गोख्रों मुलैफोर बायदिनि नेमनि राहाजों मोनसे गगाखौ सिकितसाखालमनायाल’ इउननि जोबोर गोब्राब आखुनि जेंनाखौ फोसाबगोन, मानोना बेफोरबादि सिकतसाया बोखारथि बिखानथिजों जायगालानायनिख्रुइ हरखाब दबथायो आरो फिन बिसगोनां मुवाफोरखौ बिदामफोराव नारफिनहरो। Moreover, drugs have no effect on the duration of the cold. बेनिअनगायैबो, मुलैफोरहाबो गगामोननायनि समनि सायाव जेबो जाउन गैया। It has been aptly said that a cold can be cured in a week by taking medicines; otherwise it will subside in seven days. बेखौ रोखायै बुंनाय जादोंदि मुलै लानानै गगामोननायखौ सफथासेयाव फाहामनो हायो, नङाब्ला स्नि सानाव जायखारगोन। The only real treatment for colds is a proper diet. गगामोननायनि थाखाय मोनसेल’ थार सिकितसाया थि आदार जानाय। Evening meals may consist of vegetables such as spinach, cabbage, cauliflower, carrot or turnips steamed in their own juices, and a few nuts or some fruits, such as apple, pears and grapes. मोनाबिलि खाजाफोरा मैगं-थाइगंफोरखौ सरजाबफानोहागौ जेरैबादि- पालें, बानदाकबि, फुलकबि, गावसोरनि असे रोसियाव रुनाय गाजर एबा तारनिपफोर, आरो एसे बादाम एबा खायसे फिथाइफोर, जेरैबादि आपेल, नासपति आरो आंगुरफोर। The best way to begin the treatment is to put the patient on a fast for two days. सिकितसाखौ जागायनायनि साबसिन राहाया जादों बेरामिखौ साननैनि थाखाय ब्रताव लाखिनाय। Nothing should be taken during this period except warm water mixed with lemon juice and honey or fruit juice and hot water. खारजि रोसि आरो बेरेमोदै एबा फिथाइ रोसिजों गलायनाय दुंब्रुद दै आरो गुदुं दैनि अनगा बे समाव जेबो लानो नाङा। A liquid diet of fruit juice in large amounts is necessary to neutralise the acid condition of the blood and hot drinks are needed to help clear kidneys. थैनि एसिद थासारिखौ फोजोबस्रांनो गोबां बिबांनि फिथाइ रोसि दैलाव आदारा गोनांथि आरो किदनिफोरखौ साफाखालामनायाव हेफाजाबहोनो गुदुं लोंनायफोरा गोनांथि। Pineapple juice in particular is highly beneficial. जुनियायै आनारस रोसिया जोबोरैनो मुलामफागोनां। A warm water enema should be used daily to cleanse the bowels during this period. बे समाव बिबुफोरखौ फोसाबनो दुंब्रुद दै एनेमाखौ सानफ्रोमबो बाहायनांगौ। The short juice fast may be followed by an exclusive fresh fruit diet for three days. गुसुंसम बिदै ब्रत-लाखिनाया सानथामनि थाखाय मोनसे जरखा थाजिम फिथाइ आदारजों उनहोसोजानोहागौ। In this regimen, the patient should have three meals a day of fresh, juicy fruits such as apples, pears, grapes, grapefruits, oranges, pineapples, peaches, melons or any other juicy fruit in season. बे रिजिमेनाव, बेरामिया सानसेयाव थाजिम, रोसिगोनां फिथाइफोर जेरैबादि, आपेल, नासपति, आंगुर, आंगुरफिथाइ खमला, आनारस, थाइजौखहे, खोरोमजा एबा बोथोरनि गुबुन जायखिजाया रोसिगोनां फिथाइफोरनि खेबथाम खाजा लानांगौ। Bananas, dried or stewed or tinned fruits, should not be taken. थालिर, फोराननाय एबा थेमायाव दोननाय फिथाइफोरखौ नाजावनो नाङा। No other foodstuff should be added to the diet as otherwise the whole value of the treatment will be lost. आदाराव गुबुन जेबो जाग्रा मुवाखौ दाजाबफानो नाङा नङाब्ला सिकितसानि गासै गुना गोमागोन। After the exclusive fruit diet, the patient may gradually embark upon a well-balanced diet of three basic food groups, namely seeds, nuts and grains, vegetables and fruits. जरखा फिथाइ आदारजानायनि उनाव बेरामिया मोनथाम गाहाय आदार हानजा, मुंफारियै बेगरफोर, बादाम, ग्रैन, मैगं-थाइगं आरो फिथाइफोरनि मोनसे मोजां-समानथायगोनां आदारनि सायाव लासैयै जागायजेननो हागौ। No bread or any other article of food should be added to this list. बे फारिलाइयाव रुति एबा आदारनि गुबुन जेबो मुवाया दाजाबजाफानो नाङा। It is advisable to avoid, meat, fish, eggs, cheese and starchy foods for a few days. खायसे सानफोरनि थाखाय बेदर, ना, दावदै, माखन आरो आथागोनां आदारफोरखौ नागारनाया बोसोनहोथावना। The patient should strengthen the system as a whole by taking a diet which should supply all the vitamins and minerals the body needs. बेरामिया मोनसे आदार लानानै जयै बिखानथिखौ गोख्रों खालामनो नांगौ जाय देहानो गोनां जानाय गासै भितामिन आरो मिनारेलफोरखौ जगायो। Vitamin C, however, heads the list of these nutrients. नाथाय, भितामिन सिआ बेफोर निउत्रिनफोरनि फारिलाइखौ जुरिजेनो। It protects the person from infection and acts as a harmless antibiotic. बेयो मानसिखौ सनदेरनायनिफ्राय होबथायो आरो मोनसे खहागोयै एनतिबाय’तिक महरै खामानि मावो। It is found in citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables, sprouted Bengal gram and green gram. बेखौ सित्रास फिथाइफोर, गोथां बिलाइ मैगं-थाइगं, गाजाबेरहांनाय बेंगल बुत आरो गोथां बुतआव मोनो। According to Dr Linus Pauling, a noble prize-winning scientist, the regular use of this vitamin in the optimum daily amount will prevent the common cold and if a cold has already appeared, large doses of this vitamin will relieve the symptoms and shorten its duration. सासे नबेल बानथा-देरहानाय गोनोखोगिरि, ड. लिनास पाउलिंनि बादिब्ला, सानफ्रोमबो बे भितामिनखौ थोजासे बिबाङाव नेमै बाहायनाया सरासनस्रा गगाखौ होबथागोन आरो गगाया नुजाखाबायब्ला, बे भितामिननि गोबां पालिया बे लोइखोनफोरखौ रैखोमोनहोगोन आरो बेनि समखौ सुंहोगोन। He estimates that one to two grams or 1000 mg. to 2000 mg. per day is approximately the optimum amount of this vitamin. बियो हमनालादोंदि सानफ्रोमबो सेनिफ्राय नै ग्राम एबा 1000मिलिग्रामनिफ्राय 2000मिलिग्रामा बे भितामिननि फ्राय थोजासे बिबां। His advice is to swallow one or two 500 mg. tablets of vitamin C at the appearance of first sign of the cold and continue the treatment by taking an additional tablet every hour. बिनि बिथोना जादों गगानि गिबि लोइखोना नुजाथिनायाव भितामिन सिनि 500मिलिग्राम गरसे एबा गरनै बरि जानांगौ आरो मोनफ्रोमबो घन्तायाव उफेरा बरि लानानै सिकितसाखौ खालामलांबायथा। Garlic oil combined with onion juice, diluted with water and drunk several times a day, has been found, in several studies to be extremely effective in the treatment of common cold. दैजों गलायनाय, साब्राम रोसिजों जथायनाय सामब्राम-गुफुर थाव आरो सानसेयाव गोबां खेब लोंनायखौ गोबां नायबिजिरथिफोराव सारासनस्रा गगानि सिकितसायाव जोबोरैनो जाउनगोनां मोनदों। Steam inhalation will help relieve the congestion of the nasal tissues. खफ’ मोनामसुखनाया गनथङारि बिदामफोर होथेनायखौ रैखामोनहोनायाव हेफाजाब होगोन। The short fast followed by a restricted diet should be repeated after three months of the commencement of the treatment and again three months later, if necessary. सिमनागोनां आदारजों फालिजानाय गुसुं-समनि ब्रतखौ सिकितसा जागायनायनि थाम दाननि उनाव फालिफिननांगौ आरो जुदि नांगौजायो फिन थाम दाननि उनाव। Gargling with hot water mixed with salt is beneficial for a sore throat. संख्रैजों गलायनाय गुदुं दैजों गारमा-सुनाया गारमा-खाब्रांनायनि थाखाय मुलामफागोनां। Cold chest packs should be applied two or three times a day as they will relieve congestion of lungs and help in eliminating the accumulated mucus. गगा बिखा पेकफोरखौ सानसेयाव नै एबा थाम खेबफोर बाहायनांगौ मानोना बेफोरो संफ्लफोरनि होथेनायखौ रैखामोनहोगोन आरो जजानाय गुंग्रायफोरखौ बोखारनायाव हेफाजाब होगोन। Other useful measures in the treatment of common cold are a mild sunbath, fresh air and deep breathing, brisk walks, sound sleep, adjustment of one's clothes and habits to the requirements of the season, so as to nullify the effect of weather fluctuations. सरासनस्रा गगानि सिकितसायाव गुबुन बाहायफुंथाव राहाफोरा जादों एसे सानदुङाव दुगैनाय, गोगो बार आरो गोथौ हांसुरनाय, गोगो थाबायनाय, मोजां उनदुनाय, गावनि सिफोरावनो सोलिहानाय आरो बोथोरनि गोनांथिफोराव सोलिनाय हुदा, जाहाथे बोथोर सोलायथिफोरनि गोहोमखौ नेवसिहायो। In severe cases, ulceration leads to bleeding and the patient passes bloody stools with pus and mucus. गोब्राब जाथायफोराव, गारायबेरनाया थै गहोयो आरो बेरामिया गोमोदै आरो गुंग्रायजों थैगोनां खि गगारहोयो। The disease results from prolonged irritation of the delicate membrane which lines the walls of the colon. बेरामा नोरोम मेमब्रेननि गोलाव-सम मानलुनायनिफ्राय नुजायो जाय कलननि इनजुरफोरखौ खोबो। It affects all age groups from very young children to the elderly. बेयो जोबोर उनदै गथ’निफ्राय बैसोगोराफोरसिम गासैबो बैसोनि हानजाखौनो गोहोमखोखलैयो। Normally, it is the function of the colon to store waste material until most of the fluids have been removed to enable well-formed soft stools, consisting of non-absorbable food materials to be passed. सरासनस्रायै, बांसिन लावलाव मुवाफोरा गारजायैसिम दिहुनगारजानो गोनां सोबखांजायै आदार मुवाफोर थाफानाय मोजाङै दाजानाय गुरै खिफोरखौ थांहगारहोनो बेयो बिबु गेदेरनि हाबा गारजाथाव मुवाफोरखौ जमायनो। Persons who suffer from an irritable colon have irregular and erratic contractions which are especially noticeable on the left side. मोनसे मानलुनाय कलनाव भुगिनाय मानसिफोरहा सरासनस्रानङै आरो हरखाब गुसेबजानाय आखुफोर दं जायफोरा गुबैयै आगसि फारसे नुथावना। Chronic ulcerative colitis usually begins in the lower part of the bowels and spreads upwards. क्रनिक आलक्रेतिभ कलितिसा सरासनस्रायै, बाउलपोरनि गाहाय बाहागोआव जागायो आरो गोजौफारसे गोसारो। The first symptom is an increased urgency to move the bowel, followed by cramping pains in the abdomen and blood mucus in the stools. गिबि लोइखोना जादों बाउला हरखाबनो दोरोदनाय, बेनि उनाव उदैयाव हरखाब सानाय आरो खिनायाव थै बिज्ला गयो। The bowels should be cleansed daily with a warm water enema during the fast, and afterwards as necessary. ब्रतनि समाव बाउलफोरखौ सानफ्रोमबो गुदुं दै एनेमाजों साफाखालामनांगौ, आरो उनफोराव नांगौबादियै। As the disease spreads upwards, the stools become watery and more frequent and are characterised by rectal straining. जेब्ला बेरामा गोजौफारसे गोसारो, खिया दैलाव आरो गले-गले जायो आरो खिलामा बोबदोंनायजों आखुहोजोयो। All this loss of blood and fluid from the bowels results in weakness, fever, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and anaemia. बेफोर गासै थै गनाय आरो बिबुनिफ्राय गनाय दैलावफोरा लोरबां, लोमजानाय, नोरजिया, गोबानाय, खहाबनाय गोमानाय आरो आमाव जाहोयो। The patient may develop a bloated feeling because the gas is not absorbed or expelled normally. बेरामिया बुखांनाय मोनदांथि मोननो हागौ मानोना गेसा मोजाङै सोबख’ एबा दिहुनगारजायाबो जानो हागौ। Some patients suffer from constipation alternating with periods of loose bowel movements. खायसे बेरामिफोरा गुरै बिबु दोरोदथायफोरनि समजों सोलाय-सोल’यै खिहोथेनायाव भुगियो। Still others may suffer from persistent diarrhoea for years together. अब्लाबो गुबुनफोरा गोबां बोसोरनि थाखाय जयै जाफ्लेबाय थानाय खिसावनायाव भुगिनो हागौ। The patient is usually malnourished and may be severely underweight. बेरामिया सरासनस्रायै खम-जोथोनलाजानाय आरो गोबाङै खम-लिरथायगोनां जानो हागौ। He may suffer from frequent insomnia. बियो गले-गले उनदुहायैयाव भुगिनो हागौ। Ulcerative colitis in its severe form may also lead to nutritional problems. बेनि गोब्राब महराव आलसेरेतिभ कलितिसा निउत्रिसनेल जेंनाफोरबो दैदेननो हागौ। The improper assimilation of food due to inflammatory conditions may cause deficiency diseases. बेदलाबनाय थासारिफोरनि थाखाय आदारनि थिनङै गोरोबलायनाया आंखालथि बेराम जाहोनो हागौ। This may gradually result in nervous irritability, exhaustion and depression. बेयो लासैयै, स्नायु मानलुनाय, मेंनाय आरो गोसोबायनाय जाहोनो हागौ। The patient should avoid white bread, sugar, cream, refined cereals, rice, boiled potatoes, puddings, and pies, strong tea or coffee, alcoholic beverages, condiments, pickles, sauces, or other so-called aids to digestion. बेरामिया गुफुर रुथि, सिनि, क्रिम, सोदांनाय बेगर-आदार, ओंखाम, रुनाय आलु, पुदिंस, आरो पाइ, गोख्रों साहा एबा कफि, जौआरि लोंग्रा मुवा, गोथावखालामग्रा-मुवा, आसार, सस, एबा हजमजाहोग्रा होनना मोथिजानाय गुबुन मुवाफोरखौ नेवसिनांगौ। In very severe cases, the patient may even develop suicidal tendencies. जोबोर गोब्राब जाथायफोराव, बेरामिया गावफोथैथि गोसोबो सोमजिहोनोहागौ। The main cause of colitis is chronic constipation and the use of purgatives. उदैसानायनि गुबै जाहोना जादों गोबाव खिहोथेनाय आरो जुलापफोर बाहायनाय। Constipation causes an accumulation of the hard faecal matter which is never properly evacuated. खिसेरथेआ गोरा मैला मुवानि मोनसे जथायथि सोमजिहोयो जाय माब्लाबाबो मोजाङै लानदांखालाम जाया। The use of purgatives only increases irritation. जुलापफोरनि बाहायनाया मानलुनायखौल’ बांहोयो। Often, colitis is caused by poorly-digested rough-age, especially of cereals and carbohydrates, which causes bowel irritation. गोबांसमाव, उदैसानाया गाज्रियै हजमजानाय गोरा-आदारजों सोमजिहोजायो, गुबुयै बेगर-आदार आरो कारबहाइद्रेद, जाय बिबु मानलुनाय सोमजिहोयो। It may also result from an allergic sensitivity to certain foods, especially milk, wheat and eggs. बेयो एलारजिक मोदांथिगोनां खायसे आदारफोरनिफ्रायबो जानोहागौ, गुबैयै गाइखेर, गम आरो दावदैफोर। Often, the intake of antibiotics may upset the bacterial flora in the intestines and interfere with proper digestion. गोबांसमाव, एनतिबाय’तिक आजावनाया बिबुफोराव बेकतेरिएल फ्लराखौ गाज्रिखालामनो आरो मोजां हजमजानायाव हेंथासोमजिहोनो हागौ। Severe stress may also produce ulcerative colitis. बांद्राय नारसिनथायाबो आलसेरेतिभ उदैसानायबो नुजाथिहोनो हागौ। During any form of severe stress, outpouring of adrenal hormones causes such destruction of body protein that at times parts of the walls, lining the intestines, are literally eaten away. जायखिजाया बांद्राय नारसिनथायनि समाव, एद्रेनेल हरमनफोर बांनाया देहा प्रतिननि बेफोरबादि गाज्रिजानायखौ सोमजिहोयो जाय सम-सम इनजुरफोरनि बाहागो, बिबुफोरखौ खोख्लोबग्राफोरा गुबुयै बोखारजायो। Such stress also depletes the body of pantothenic acid. बेफोरबादि नारसिनथाया पेनत’थेनिक एसिदनि देहाखौबो लानदांखालामो। There is increasing evidence to show that in several cases cataracts have actually been reversed by proper nutritional treatment. दिनथिनो बेवहाय गोबां फोरमानफोर दंदि गोबां बेलायाव मेगन-नामिनायफोरा सरासनस्रायै मोजां निउत्रिसनेल सिकितसाजों फोजोबस्रांजाबाय। Experiments on animals have shown that they can develop ulcerative colitis when they are kept on diets deficient in pantothenic acid. जुनारफोरनाव आनजादखालामनायफोरा दिनथिदोंदि बेफोरो आलसेरेतिभ उदैसानाय सोमजिहोनो हायो जेब्ला बेफोरो पेनत’थेनिक एसिदाव आंखालजानाय आदारफोराव दोनजायो। Diet plays an important part in the treatment of colitis. आदारा उदैसानायनि सिकितसायाव मोनसे गोनां बाहागो लायो। It is advisable to observe a juice fast for five days or so in most cases of colitis. साबानि थाखाय एबा उदैसानायनि गोबां जाथायफोराव फिथाइ-बिदै ब्रत फालिनाया बोसोनहोजाथाव। The juices may be diluted with a little boiled water. फिथाइ-बिदैफोरखौ एसे फुदुंनाय दैजों गलायजायो। Papaya juice and raw cabbage or carrot juice is especially beneficial. गुबैयै मोदोमफुल बिदै आरो गोथां बानदाकबि एबा गाजार बिदैया मुलामफागोनां। Citrus juices should be avoided. सित्रास बिदैफोरखौ नेवसिनांगौ। The bowels should be cleansed daily with a warm water enema. बिबुफोरखौ सानफ्रोमबो दुंब्रुद दै एनेमाजों सुस्रानांगौ। After the juice fast, the patient should gradually adopt a diet of small, frequent meals of soft cooked or steamed vegetables, rice, dalai (coarsely broken wheat) and well-ripened fruits like banana and papaya, yogurt and home-made cottage cheese. फिथाइ-बिदै ब्रतनि उनाव, बेरामिया लासैयै खम आदार, गुरै संनाय आदार एबा रुनाय मैगंफोर, ओंखाम, दालि (गोब्राबै देग्लिजानाय गम) आरो मोजाङै मोननाय फिथाइफोर जेरै थालिर, मोदोमफुल, यगार्त आरो नयाव-बानायनाय कतेज माखनफोरखौ आजावनांगौ। Sprouted seeds and grains, whole meal bread and raw vegetables may be added gradually to this diet after about 10 days. देग्लिनाय बेगर आरो बेगर-आदारफोर, गासै आदार रुति आरो गोथां मैगंफोरखौ फ्राय 10 साननि उनाव लासैयै बे आदाराव दाजाबजायो। Tender coconut water is highly beneficial as it is soothing to the soft mucosa of the colon. गोरलै नारेंखल दैया जोबोरै मुलामफागोनां मानोना बेयो बिबुगेदेरनि गुरै गुंग्राय जों गोरबो। All food must be eaten slowly and chewed thoroughly. गासैबो आदारफोरा लासैयै आरो मोजाङै आरग्लिनानै जानांगोन। Conjunctivitis refers to an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin transparent membrane covering the front of the eye. मेगन बेरामफोरा मेगन मोखांनि खोबनाय मोनसे गोबा रोखारोखा जालामा क’नजांकतिभानि गोजाजानायखौ फोरमायो। The harmful side-effects include gross liver damage, hypersensitivity, insomnia, hallucinations, a confused state, convulsions and a fall in blood pressure. खहा-खालामग्रा गाज्रि-फिनजाथायफोरा गासै बिखा गाज्रिजानाय, थाबैनो-रागाजोंख्रांगा, उनदुनोहायै, नुलाबायनाय, गोनोगोथो थासारि आरो मावग्लुंनाय, आरो थै नारसिनथाय खमायनाय। It is also known as sore eyes and is a very common form of eye trouble. बेखौ मेगन साबायथानाय होनना मिनथिजायो आरो मेगन जेंनानि जोबोद सरासनस्रा रोखोम। It spreads from person to person through direct contact. बेयो सुबुं सुबुं निफ्राय थों जगाजग निफ्राय गोसारो। Overcrowding, dirty surroundings and unhealthy living conditions can cause epidemics of this ailment. गोबां सुबुं-बुंफबनाय, मैला सोरगिदिंफोर आरो देहागैयै थानायफोरा बे बेरामनि बारदेरनायखौ जाहोनो हागौ। At first, the eyes are red, dry and burning. गुदियाव मेगनफोरा गोजा, गोरान आरो आलोवो। Later, there may be a watery secretion. उनाव, बेयाव दैब्रां गयनाय जानो हागौ। In more serious cases, there is pus formation. गोबां गोख्रों थासारिआव, गोमोदै जानाय दं। During sleep, this material dries, making the lashes stick together. उनदुनायाव, बे मुवाया रानो, मुसुगुरफोरखौ जयै सिथाबहोयो। Medical science believes that conjunctivitis results from bacterial infection, viruses or eye-strain. मेदिखेल बिगियाना फोथायो दि मेगन बेरामा बेक्टेरिया सनदेरनाय, भाइरासफोर एबा मेगन-नारसिनथाय निफ्राय जायो। Foods which should be excluded from the diet are white sugar, white bread and white flour products, highly seasoned foods, highly salted foods, strong tea, coffee and alcoholic beverages and foods cooked in aluminium pans. आदारफोरा जाय आहार निफ्राय बोखारजानांगौफोरा गुफुर सिनि, गुफुर फावरुति आरो गुफुर गम-गुनदै मुवाफोर, गोबां मसला-होनाय आदारफोर, क’फि आरो जौगोनां लोंग्राफोर आरो एलुमिनियाम सुसपेनफोराव संनाय आदारफोर। Prolonged work under artificial light and excessive use of the eyes in one way or the other no doubt contributes towards the disease. मोबलिप साथि सिंआव गोबाव हाबा-मावनाय आरो मोनसे एबा गुबुन लामायाव मेगनफोरनि बांद्राय बाहायनाया गोनो-गोथोगैयालाबा बेरामथिंजै हेफाजाब होयो। But its real cause can be traced to a catarrhal condition of the system resulting from general toxaemia due to dietetic errors and faulty style of living. नाथाय बेनि गुबै जाहोना थि आहार गैयैफोर आरो गोरोनथि गोनां थानायनि, सरासनस्रा थैयाव बिस जानाय निफ्राय मोननाय खानथिनि ग’गा मोननाय बेरामनि थासारिजों दिहुन जानो हागोन। The patient generally suffers from colds or other ailments indicative of a general catarrhal condition. बेरामिआ सरासनस्रायै ग’गा आरो सरासनस्रा गगा मोननाय बेरामनि थासारिनि गुबुन बेरामफोरनि लैखोन निफ्राय भुगियो। The treatment of conjunctivitis through salves and ointments does not cure the disease. फुनग्रा-मुलै एबा मलमफोरजों मेगन बेरामफोरनि सिकितसा खालामनाया बेरामखौ फाहामा। To be effective, treatment must be constitutional. जाउनगोनां जानो थाखाय सिकितसाया गोनां जाथारनांगोन। A thorough cleansing of the system and adoption of natural laws in diet and general living alone can help eliminate conjunctivitis. खानथिनि सिंसा साफा खालामनाय आरो आहाराव मिथिंगियारि नेम गनायनाय आरो सरासनस्रा हारसिङै थानाया मेगन बेराम एंगारनायाव हेफाजाब होनो हागौ। The best way to commence the treatment is to adopt an exclusive fresh fruit diet for about seven days. सिकितसाखौ जागायनायनि साबसिन लामाया स्नि सानफोरसिम आहाराव बासिथाव थाजिम फिथाइखौ गनाय। The diet may consist of fresh, juicy fruits in season such as apples, oranges, pears, grapes, pineapples and grapefruits. आहारा बोथोराव गोथां, बिदैगोनां फिथायफोर थानोहागौ जेरै आपेलफोर, खमलाफोर, नासफातिफोर, आंगुरफोर, आनार’सफोर आरो आंगुरफिथाइफोर। Bananas should, however, not be taken. नाथाय, थालिरफोरखौ जानाङा। NO other foodstuff should be added to this diet. बे आहाराव गुबुन आदारफोरखौ सोदेरफानाङा। The patient should have a bowel movement at the same time each day and spend 10 to 15 minutes in the endeavour. बेरामिफोरा सानफ्रोमबो एखे समाव बिबु-बिख्लोनि सोमावसारनांगौ आरो 10 निफ्राय 15 मिनिथ नाजानायाव दैथायनांगौ। Those who have a serious trouble should undertake a juice fast for three or four days. जायफोरहा गोख्रों जेंना दं बिसोर थाम आरो ब्रै सानफोरनि थाखाय फिथाइ-बिदैनि उपबास लानांगोन। The procedure is to take the juice of an orange, in a glass of warm water, if desired, every two hours from 8 am to 8 pm. नेमाजादों दुंब्रुथ दैनि गंसेगेलासाव खमलानि बिदैखौ लों, जुदि लुबैयोब्ला, मोनफ्रोमबो नै घन्टा गेजेराव फुंनि 8 निफ्राय मोनाबिलिनि 8 सिम । If orange juice is not liked, carrot juice may be substituted. जुदि खमला बिदैया फसायजायाखै, गाजर बिदैया सोफादेरजागोन। A warm water enema should be taken daily during the period of fasting. दंब्रुद दैनि एनिमाखौ जायालोङा थानायनि समाव सामफ्रोमबो लोंनांगोन। The short juice fast may be followed by an all-fruit diet for further seven days. दसे समनि बिदै लोङाब्ला थानायया उननि स्नि सानफोरसिम गासैबो-फिथाइ आहारजों फालिजानोहागौ। Thereafter, the patient may adopt a general diet scheme as outlined in Chapter 12 on Cataract. बेनिउनाव, बेरामिया मेगन-साग्लोबनायनि 12 आइदायाव फोरमायजानाय बायदि सरासनस्रा आहार नेमखानथिखौ गनायनोहागौ। The eye muscle exercises for relaxing and strengthening the eyes are mentioned therein will also be beneficial in the treatment of conjunctivitis. बेवहाय मखजानाय मेगनफोरखौ गोजोनहोनो आरो फोरानो थाखाय खालामनाय मेगन मोदोम बियामफोराबो मेगन बेरामनि सिकितसायाव मुलामफागोनां जागोन। The patient should avoid an excessive intake of starchy and sugary foods in the form of white bread, refined cereals, potatoes, puddings, pies, pastry, sugar, jams and confectionery, which cause the general catarrhal condition as well as conjunctivitis. बेरामिफोरा जाय सरासनस्रा गगा मोननाय बेरामनि थासारि, लोगोसे मेगन बेराम जाहोग्रा गुफुर फावरुथि, चिरिय्लफोर, आलुफोर, पुदिंफोर, पाइफोर, पेष्ट्रि, सिनि, जेमफोर आरो मेथायफोरनि महरावदं मारगोनां आरो सिनिगोनां आदारफोरनि गोबां जानायखौ एंगारनांगौ। He should also avoid the intake of excessive quantities of meat and other protein and fatty foods, strong tea and coffee, too much salt, condiments and sauces. बियो बांद्राय बेदर आरो गुबुन प्र’टिन आरो मेजेम-गोनां आदारफोर, गोख्रों सा आरो कफि, बांद्राय संख्रि, बाथोनफोर आरो स’सफोर जानायखौबो एंगारनांगौ। Raw juices of certain vegetables, especially carrots and spinach, have been found valuable in the treatment of conjunctivitis. माखासे मैगंफोरनि गोथां बिदैफोर जुनियायै गाजरफोर आरो सेनाखफिआ मेगन-बेरामनि सिकितसायाव गोनां होनना मिथिजाबाय। Straining at stools should be avoided. खिनायाव बोलोहोनाखौ एंगारनांगौ। The combined juices of these two vegetables have proved very effective. बेफोर मोननै मैगंफोरनि गलायमेनदेर बिदैफोरा जोबोद जाउनगोनां फोरमान दिनथिबाय। Six ounces of spinach juice should be mixed with ten ounces of carrot juice in this combination. बे गलायमेनदेरथिआव सेनाखफिनि स्नि आवनस बिदैया गाजरनि जि आवनस बिदैजों गलायजानांगोन। Vitamin A and B2 have also been found valuable in the treatment of conjunctivitis. भितामिन ए आरो बि2आबो मेगन-बेरामनि सिकितसायाव गोनां होनना मिथिजाबाय। The patient should take liberal quantities of natural foods rich in these two vitamins. बेरामिआ बेफोर मोननै भितामिनआव थानाय गोनां मिथिंगियारि आदारफोरनि गोबां बिबांफोर जानांगौ। The valuable sources of vitamin A are whole milk, curds, butter, carrots, pumpkins, green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, mangoes and papayas. भितामिन एनि गोनां फुंखाफोरा गाइखेर, गाइखेर-दाखाफोर, माखन, गाजरफोर, जोगोनारफोर, गोथां बिलाय मैगंफोर, गोखै-फानथावफोर थाइजै आरो मुदुमफुलफोर। Foods rich in vitamin B2 are green leafy vegetables, milk, almonds, citrus fruits, bananas and tomatoes. आदारफोर भितामिन बि2आव गोनांफोरा गोथां बिलाय मैगंफोर, गाइखेर, बादामफोर, गोखै फिथाइफोर, थालिरफोर आरो गोखै-फानथावफोर। As regards local treatment to the eyes themselves, a cold foment renders almost immediate relief by chasing away an overactive local blood supply. जायगायारि सिकितसा बायदिब्ला मेगनफोरावनो, मोनसे गुसु सु(बिदुंहो) जाथाय जाहो जायगायारि थै जगायना होनायखौ फुह’रनानै फ्राय थाब सुग्लायहोयो। Saturate it with cold water. बेखौ दै गुसुजों फिसि। Squeeze out excess water and mould towelling gently over both eyes. नांनायनि बारा दैखौ सेबगार आरो थाइनैबो मेगन सायाव गामसाजों लासैयै फुगार । A daily exercise routine, including breathing exercises and fresh air will be most beneficial. सानफ्रोमबो बियाम मावफारि, लोगोसे हांलानाय बियाम आरो गोगो बार बांसिन मुलामफागोनां जागोन। Drinking two glasses of water first thing in the morning will stimulate a normal bowel movement. फुंआव गेलासनै दै लोंनायखौ गिबि थाखो बायदि खालामोब्ला सरासनस्रा (बिबु-बिख्लोनि सोमावसारनाय) खिनायखौ जाहोगोन। The eyes should be looked after carefully and excessive reading or close work under artificial light must be avoided. मेगनफोरा मोजांयै नायजानांगोन आरो बांद्राय फरायनाय एबा बानायनाय सोरां सिंआव खाथियै हाबा मावनायखौ एंगारथारनांगोन। Constipation is a common disturbance of the digestive tract. खि-ओंखारैआ हजमजागोग्रा जायगानि सरासनस्रा जेंना। In this condition, the bowels do not move regularly, or are not completely emptied when they move. बे थासारियाव, बिबु-बिख्लोफोरा सामफ्रोमबो मावा, एबा जेब्ला मावो फुरायै जोबा। Constipation is the chief cause of many diseases because such a condition produces toxins which find their way into the blood stream and are carried to all parts of the body. खि-ओंखारैआ गोबां बेरामफोरनि गिबि जाहोन मानोना बेबायदि थासारिया बिस दिहुनो जाय गावसोरनि लामाखौ थै दाहारआव मोनो आरो देहानि गासैबो बाहागोआव लांजायो। This results in weakening of the vital organs and lowering of the resistance of the entire system. बेयो गोहो-गोनां आंगोफोरखौ लोरबां खालामो आरो गासैबो फारिखानथि होबथाथिखौ खमायो। Appendicitis, rheumatism, arthritis, high blood pressure, cataract and cancer are only a few of the diseases in which chronic constipation is an important predisposing factor. एपेनदिसाइतिस, गरेउमेतिजिम, आरत्रितिस, बां थै नारसिनथाय केटारेक्ट आरो केनसारफोरा बेरामफोरनि माखासेल’ जेराव सोलिबायथानाय (क्रनिक) खि-ओंखारैआ मोनसे गोनां गोहोमखोखलैनाय जाहोन। The number of motions required for normal health varies from person to person. मोजां देहानिथाखाय खिनायफोरनि अनजिमा नांगौआ सुबुं निफ्राय सुबुं सोलायो। Most people have one motion a day, some have two a day, while others have one every other day. बांसिन सुबुंहा सानसेआव खेबसे खियो, खायसेआ सानसेआव खेबनै, जेब्ला गुबुनफोरा सानफ्रोमबो सानसे बाद सानाव खेबसे। However, for comfort and health, at least one clear bowel movement a day is essential and considered normal. थेवबो, गोजोनाय आरो देहानि थाखाय खमबाबो सानसेआव खेबसे खिनाया (बिबु-बिख्लो मावनाय) गोनां आरो मोजां सानजायो। The most common symptoms of constipation are infrequency, irregularity or difficulty of elimination due to hard faecal matter. गले-गले जायै, हेरफेर जानाय एबा गोरा मैलानि (फेकोल) मुवा निथाखाय गाहोनायनि गोब्राबथिफोरा खि-ओंखारैनि बांसिन मिथिजानाय लैखोनफोर । An enema may be used if no bowel movement occurs. बिबु-बिख्लोनि सोमावसारनाय जायाब्ला इनेमा बाहाजागोन। Among the other symptoms are coated tongue, foul breath, loss of appetite, headache, dizziness, dark circles under the eyes, depression, nausea, pimples on the face, ulcer in the mouth, constant fullness in the abdomen, diarrhoea alternating with constipation, varicose veins, pain in the lumbar region, acidity, heart burn and insomnia. गुबुन लैखोनफोरनि गेजेराव सालाय रोजा, हांहगारनाय मोनामनाय, उखैयै, खर’सानाय, खर’गिदिंनाय, मेगन गाहायाव सोमनाय, सिनथाजानाय, गोबाल’ मोननाय, मोखांआव सिथर, खुगायाव गाराइ, उदैआव सबसमाय बुंनाय, खिस्रायनाया खि-ओंखारैजों सोलायजानाय, बुखांनाय थै-रोदाफोर, जान्जि जायगायाव सानाय, खैनाय, मैखुन खामनाय आरो उनदुनो ङोखारै। The most important causes for chronic constipation are an unsuitable diet and a faulty style of living. सोलिबायथानाय खि-ओंखारैनि बांसिन गोनां जाथायफोरा आरजाथावयै आहार आरो गोरोनथि गोनां थानायनि । All foods in their natural state contain a good percentage of 'roughage' which is most essential in preserving natural balance of foods and also in helping peristalsis - the natural rhythmic action by means of which the food is passed down the alimentary canal. गावसोरनि मिथिंगियारि आबस्थायाव गासैबो आदारफोरा मैगं-थाइगंनि-बेजेनि मोजां जैखोनदो थायो जाय आदारफोरनि मिथिंगियारि समानथायखौ फेसेवयैआव बांसिन गोनां आरो पेरिस्टेलसिसआवबो हेफाजाब होयोनायावबो – मिथिंगियारि rhythmic action जायनि हेफाजाबजों आदारा आदारलामानि गाहायाव थाङो। Much of the food we eat today is deficient in natural bulk or roughage and this result in chronic constipation. जों दासानदि जानाय गोबां आदारा मिथिंगियारि बांसिन बाहागो एबा मैगं-थाइगंनि-बेजेआव खम आरो बे सोलिबायथानाय खि-ओंखारैखौ जाहोयो। Intake of refined and rich food lacking in vitamins and minerals, insufficient intake of water, consumption of meat in large quantities, excessive use of strong tea and coffee, insufficient chewing, overeating and a wrong combination of food, irregular habits of eating and drinking may all contribute to poor bowel function. साफा आरो गोनां आदार जाय भितामिन आरो खनिजफोराव खम जानाय, थोजासे दै लोङै, गोबां बेदर जानाय, गोख्रों सा आरो कफिनि बाराद्राय बाहायनाय, खम आरग्लिनाय, बांद्राय जानाय आरो आदारनि गोरोनथि गलायमोनदेर, जानाय आरो लोंनायनि नेमगैयै सर’फोरा जयै गाज्रि बावेल हाबायाव दाजाबफायो । Other causes include faulty and irregular habit of defecation, frequent use of purgatives, weakness of abdominal muscles due to sedentary habits, lack of physical activity and emotional stress and strain. गुबुन जाथायफोरा गोरोनथि आरो खिगारनायनि नेमगैयै सर’, खिहोग्राफोरनि गले-गले बाहायनाय, बानाय सर’फोरनि थाखाय उदै बेदरनि लोरबांजानाय, देहायारि मावनाय खमायनाय आरो आबेगयै नारसिनाय आरो मेंनाय। Diseases such as tumours or growths, sluggish liver, colitis, spastic condition of the intestines, hyperactivity, disease of the rectum and colon, bad teeth, uterine disease, diabetes, use of certain drugs for treating other ailments, abnormal condition of the lower spine and enlargement of the prostate gland can also cause chronic constipation. बेरामफोर जैरै तिउमार एबा देरनायफोर, गिलिर बिखा, बिबु-गेदेर खामनाय(क’लितिस), बिबुफोरनि मावखांनाय थासारि, गोसोगुदुं, खिलामा आरो बिबु-गेदेरनि बेराम, गाज्रि हाथाय, इउटेरिन बेराम, डायेबेटिज, गुबुन बेरामफोरखौ सिकितसा खालामनो माखासे मुलैफोर बाहायनाय, गाहाय सिनस्रिनि मोजांनङै थासारि आरो प्र’चटेड देहागानथिनि देरनायया सोलिबायथानाय खि-ओंखारैखौबो जाहोनो हागौ। Elderly patients may suffer from constipation due to relaxed muscle tone, inadequate dietary intake for nutritional needs and diminished activity. गेदेर बेरामिफोरा नांगौ निउत्रिसनारि आरो खम खालाम जानायनिथाखाय खम आहार आंखाल जानायनि, गोजोनाय मोदोम बारायनायनि थाखाय खिओंखारै निफ्राय भुगिनो हागौ। The purgatives and laxatives give only temporary relief. पुरगेटिभफोर आरो लेक्सजेटिभफोरा दसेनि थाखायल’ आराम होयो। They unnecessarily irritate the stomach and intestines, weakening the colon. बेसोरो नङाबालानो बिबु-गेदेरखौ लोरबां खालामनानै, उदै आरो बिबुखौ खेबखाङो। Butter-milk enema twice a week is also soothing and helps in re-installing a healthy bacterial flora in the colon. सफथायाव खेबनै माखन-गाइखेर इनेमायाबो आरजाथाव आरो बिबु-गेदेराव देहागोनां बेक्टेरियानि फ्ल’राखौ गायसनफिननायाव हेफाजाबहोयो। Laxative abuse may also lead to low blood potassium and long term chronic ill-health. गोरोनथियै लेक्सजेटिभ बाहायनाया इसे थै प’टेसिआम आरो गोबाव सम सोलोबायथानाय गाज्रि-देहायावबो दैदेननो हागौ। The natural way to treat constipation is to re-educate the bowels and give up all artificial aids. खि-ओंखारैखौ मिथिंगियारि लामाजों सिकितसा खालामनोआ बिबु-बिख्लोफोरखौ सोलोंथाय-होफिनो खालामनो आरो गासैबो बानायनाय हेफाजाबफोरखौ एंगारनो। The observance of regular hours for meals, elimination and sleep, a balanced diet, sufficient exercise, and a high standard of general health with good muscular tone are essential in the treatment of constipation. खि-ओंखारैनि गोनां सिकितसाफोरा आहारफोरनि सरासनस्रा समनि नायनाय, एंगारनाय आरो उनदुनाय, समानथाय आदार, थोजासे बियाम, आरो मोजां मोदोमारि फोरानायजों सरासनस्रा देहानि गोजौ थाखो। The most important factor in curing constipation is a natural and simple diet. खि-ओंखारैखौ फाहामनो बांसिन गोनां जाहोना जादों मिथिंगियारि आरो सरासनस्रा आहार। Depression is the most common of all emotional disorders. सिनथाजानाया गासैबो गोसोआरि बेरामनि गेजेराव बांसिन सरारनस्रा। This may vary from a feeling of slight sadness to utter misery and dejection. बेयो फुरा दुखु-जाल्ला आरो गोसो-बायनाय निफ्राय इसे दुखुजानायनि मोनदांनायाव गुबुन जानो हागौ। It stems from a variety of physical and psychological symptoms which together constitute a syndrome. बे गुबुन-गुबुन देहायारि आरो देहासास्त्र सोमोनदै लैखोनफोरनिफ्राय जायो जाय जयै मोनसे बेराम दायो। Depression is the most unpleasant experience a person can go through. सिनथाजानाया बांसिन सुखुगैयै मोनदांनाय सासे सुबंआ मोनदांनोहागौ। It is far more difficult to cope with than physical ailments. बेयो देहायारि बेरामफोरनि ख्रुइ बादायलायनो गोबां गोब्राबसिन। The growing complexities of modern life and resultant crises, as well as mental stress and strain in day-to-day life usually lead to this disorder. आथिकाल जिउनि देरबायथानाय जेथोनांनायफोर आरो जाउन बायदियै जानाय खैफोदनि सम, लोगोसे मेलेमारि नारसिनथाय आरो सानफ्रोमबो जिउ सरासनस्रायै बे बेरामाव दैदेनो। Complete bed rest and plenty of liquids are very important. फुरा बैसांआव गेरायनाय आरो गोबां दैब्रांफोरा जोबोद गोनां। Suicide is the major risk in depression. सिनथाजानायाव गाव-फोथैनाया देरसिन खैफोद। It is not always easy to diagnose depression clinically. सिनथाजानायखौ क्लिनिकेलि बेराम-संनोआ जेब्लायबो गोरलै नङा। The most striking symptoms of depression are feelings of an acute sense of loss, an inexplicable sadness, loss of energy and loss of interest. सिनथाजानायनि बांसिन थिक लैखोनफोरा गोख्रों इन्द्रिय गोमानायनि मोनदांनायफोर, फोरमायनो हायै दुखु, बोलो खमायनाय आरो गोसो जयै। The patient usually feels tired and lacks interest in the world around him. बेरामिया सरासनस्रायै मेंनाय मोनो आरो गावनि बुहुमनि सोरगिदिंआव गोसोगैयै जायो। Usually, the patient wakes up depressed at 4 or 5 in the morning and is unable to go back to sleep. सरासनस्रायै, बेरामिया 4 एबा 5 फुंआव सिनथायै सिखारो आरो उनदुलांफिननो हाया। Other disturbed sleep patterns are difficulty in falling asleep, nightmares and repeated waking from midnight onwards. गुबुन उनदुनायनि जेंना दाथायफोरा उनदुसांनो खसथ’, गोब्रामनाय आरो हरगेजेरनिफ्राय सिरिमोनफिनबायथानाय। The patient often suffers from guilt, oppressive feelings and self-absorption. बेरामिया गले-गले दाय, सहायनो हायै मोनदांनायफोर आरो गावखौनो-गोसोहोथाबनाय निफ्राय भुगियो। Some persons may lose interest in eating and suffer from rapid loss of weight while others may resort to frequent eating and as a result gain in weight. खायसे सुबुंफोरा जानायाव गोसो गैयै जानो हागौ आरो थाबनो अजन खमायनायनिफ्राय भुगियो जेब्ला गबुनफोरा गले-गले जानायखौ बासिनो हागौ आरो बेनि थाखाय अजन बांनाय। Cases of severe depression may be characterised by low body temperature, low blood pressure, hot flushes and shivering. गोख्रों सिनथानि जाथायफोरा गाहाय देहा बिदुं, इसे थै नारसिनथाय, गुदुं जाहाबनाय आरो गोजांस्रिउनासजों बर्नायजागौ। The external manifestations represent a cry for help from the tormented mind of the depressed persons. बायजोनि फोरनायथिनायफोरा सिनथाजानाय सुबुंफोरनि दुखु गोसो निफ्राय हेफाजाबनि थाखाय गाबनाय दिनथियो। The patient should eliminate all causes of tension, adjust to disability and face his discomfort with patience. बेरामिफोरा सिनथा खालामनायनि गासैबो जाहोनखौ एंगारनांगौ, लोरबांथिखौ थिक खालामनांगोन आरो बिनि गोजोननायगैयैखौ सहायसुलागुनजों जुजिनांगोन। The severely depressed patient feels worthless and is finally convinced that he himself is responsible for his undoing and his present state of hopeless despair. गोख्रोंयै सिनथाजानाय बेरामिया खामानिगैयै मोनो आरो जोबनायाव फोथायहोजायो दि बियो गावनो गावनि खालामैनिथाखाय आरो गावनि (हाथास) मिजिंगैयै आसागैयैनि दानि अब्सथानिथाखाय दायि । Depleted functioning of the adrenal glands is one of the main causes of mental depression. सा गिसाफोरनि एसे खालामनाय हाबायाया मेलेम सिनथाजानायनि मोनसे गुबै जाथाय। Irregular diet habits cause digestive problems and lead to the assimilation of fats. नेमगैयै आहार सर’फोरा हजम जेंनाफोर जाहोयो आरो मेजेमनि गोरोबहोनायाव दैदेनो। An excess of carbohydrates like cereals, white sugar, coffee, tea, chocolates and comparatively less quantities of vegetables and fruits in the diet may result in indigestion. कारबहायद्रेतफोरनि नांनायनि बारा जेरै सिरिलफोर, गुफुरसिनि, कफि, सा, सखक्लेतफोर आरो आहाराव मैगंफोर आरो फिथाइफोरनि खम बिबांफोर रुजुनायाव हजमजायैआव दैदेनो हागौ। Due to indigestion gases are produced in the digestive tract, causing compression over the diaphragm in the region of the heart and lungs. हजमजायै निथाखाय, बारफोरा हजमजागोग्रा जायगायाव जायो, गेजेरबिसि (डायेफ्राम) सायाव नारसिननाय जाहोयो मैखुन आरो संफ्ल’नि जायगायाव। This in turn, reduces the supply of oxygen to the tissues which raises the carbon dioxide level, causing general depression. बेनि सोलाययै, बिदामफोरनो अक्सिजेन नि जगायनायखौ खमायो जाय कारबनडाइअक्साइडनि थाखोखौ बारायो सरासनस्रा सिनथाजानाय जाहोयो। The excessive and indiscriminate use of drugs also leads to faulty assimilation of vitamins and minerals of the body and ultimately causes depression. मुलैफोरनि बांद्राय आरो सायख’आलाबा बाहायनायाबो भितामिननि गोरोनथि गोरोबहोनाय आरो देहानि खनिजफोराव दैदेनो आरो जोबनायाव सिनथाजाहोयो। The use of aspirin leads to deficiencies of vitamin C and antacids can cause deficiencies of calcium and vitamin B. एसप्रिन बाहायनाया भितामिन सिनि खमायहोयो आरो एनटएसिदफोरा केलसियाम आरो भितामिन बि खमजाहोनो हागौ। Diabetes, low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) and weakness of the liver, resulting from the use of refined or processed foods, fried foods and an excessive intake of fats may also lead to depression. डायबेतिस, इसे थै सिनि (हायफ’ग्लायकेमिआ) आरो बिखानि लोरबांथि, सोदांनाय एबा फारिखानथि आदारफोर, एउनाय आदारफोर बाहायनाय निफ्राय जानाय आरो बांद्राय मेजेम जानायाबो सिनथा जाहोनो हागौ। The modern medical system treats depression with anti-depression drugs which provide temporary relief but have harmful side-effects and do not remove the causes or prevent its recurrence. अथिखालनि मेदिकेल खानथिया सिनथा जानायखौ सिनथानि-बेरेखायै मुलैफोरजों सिकितसा खालामजायो जाय द’से सुग्लायहोयो नाथाय गाज्रि फिनजाथाय दं आरो जाथायखौ एंगारा एबा बेनि जाफिननायखौ होबथाया। In nature cure, emphasis is placed on diet which has a profound effect on the mental health of a person. मिथिंगायारि फाहामनायाव, जरहोनाया आदाराव जायगाहोजायो जायहा सासे मानसिनि मेलेमारि सावस्रि सायाव गोथौ गोहोम दं। The depressive mood can be overcome by activity. गोसोबायनाय गोसोथासारिखौ खामानिजों बोखारनोहायो। Garlic is yet another natural remedy which fights diarrhoea and routs parasites. सामब्रामगुफुरा गुबुनमोनसेबाव मिथिंगायारि फाहामराहा जाय खिसावनायखौ फोजोबस्राङो आरो मालायजाग्राफोरखौ होखारो। Those who are depressive will forget their misery by doing something. जायफोरा गोसोबायनाय बिसोर गावसोरनि दुखुखौ माबाफोर मावनानै बावगारगोन। Exercise also plays an important role in the treatment of depression. बियामाबो गोसोबायनायनि सिकितसायाव मोनसे गोनां बिफाव गेलेयो। It not only makes the body physically and mentally fit but also provides recreation and mental relaxation. बेयो देहाखौ देहायारियै आरो मेलेमारियैल’ राफोद खालामा नाथाय रंजानाय आरो मेलेमारि गोजोननायबो जगायो। It also gives a feeling of accomplishment and thus reduces the sense of helplessness. बेयो जाफुंसारनायनि मोनसे मोनदांथिबो होयो आरो बिदिनो राहागोथेनि मोनदांथिखौ खमायो। The patient must also learn the art of scientific relaxation and meditation which will go a long way in curing depression. बेरामिया गोनोखआरि गोजोननाय आरो तपय्सानि आरिमुखौबो सोलोंथारनांगौ जाय गोसोबायनायखौ फाहामनायाव गोबाव सोलिगोन। Diabetes mellitus is a nutritional disorder, characterised by an abnormally elevated level of blood glucose and by the excretion of the excess glucose in the urine. दायबेतिस-मेलितासआ थै-ग्लुकजनि गाज्रियै बांनाय थोरफो आरो हासुदैयाव बांद्रायनाय ग्लुकजनि सिगारनायजों आखुहोजानाय मोनसे निउत्रिसनेल गाज्रिजानाय। It results from an absolute or relative lack of insulin which leads to abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism as well as in the metabolism of protein and fat. बेयो आबुं एबा रुजुथायारियै इनसुलिननि आंखालनिफ्राय जायो जाय कारबहायद्रेद जिबरासायनजाथाय लोगोसे प्रतिन आरो मेजेमनि जिबरासायनजाथायाव आरजायि जाहोयो। Diabetes is a disease known to the medical world since time immemorial. दाइबेतिसा गोसोखांहरजायि समनिफ्रायनो मेदेकिल संराव मोनथिजान मोनसे बेराम। Its incidence is, however, much higher at present than ever in the past. नाथाय, बेनि जाथाया गोदोनिख्रुइ आथिखालाव जोबोर बांसिन। Even a single nutritional deficiency can cause depression in susceptible people. मोनसेल’ निउत्रिसनेल आंखालाबो गोसोगोरलै मानसिनियाव गोसोबायनाय जाहोनो हायो। This is especially true in case of more advanced countries of the world due to widespread affluence and more generous food supply. बेयो गुबैयै गोबां धोन-दौलत आरो जोबोर बांसिन आदार जगानफोरनि थाखाय बुहुमनि जौगानाय हादोरफोरनि बेलायाव सैथोबाथ्रा। The most commonly used screening tests are the determination of the fasting blood glucose level and the two-hour post-prandial, that is after a meal. जोबोद सरासनस्रायै बाहायजानाय स्क्रिनिं-आनजादफोरा जादों थै-ग्लुकज थोरफो ब्रदनि थिखालामनाय आरो नै घनता उन-प्रानदियेल, बेयो मोनसे खाजानि उनाव। The normal fasting blood sugar content is 80 to 120 mg. per 100 ml. of blood and this can go up to a level of 180 mg. per 100 ml. of blood two hours after meals. सरासनस्रा थै-सुगार-थाथि ब्रतआ थैनि मोनफ्रोम 100मिलि. आव 80 निफ्राय 120मिग्रा. आरो खाजाफोरनि नै घनता उनाव बेयो थैनि मोनफ्रोम 100मिलि. आव 180मिग्रा. नि थोरफोसिम थांनो हायो। Anything above these norms can be termed diabetic levels. गोजौनि बैफोर जायखिजाया नेमफोरखौ दायबेतिक थाखोफोर मुंहोनो हायो। Diabetes occurs in all age groups, from your infants to the elderly. दायबेतिसआ गासै बैसो हानजाफोराव नुजायो, नोंनि उनदैफोरनिफ्राय गेदेरसिम। The greatest incidence occurs in middle or older aged persons. गेदेरसिन जाब्रथाया गेजेर एबा बोरायसिन बैसोनि सुबुंफोरनियाव नुजायो It is estimated that 80 to 85 per cent of all individuals with diabetes mellitus are 45 years of age or older. बेखौ हमनालानायजायोदि दायबेतिस-मिलितास गोनां गासै सुबुंफोरनि 80-85 जौखोनदोआनो 45 बोसोर बैसोनि एबा देरसिन। The word diabetes is derived from the Greek word meaning "to siphon; to pass through," and mellitus comes from the Latin word "honey". दायबेतिस सोदोबा ग्रिक सोदोबनिफ्राय बोस्लायजानाय ओंथिया दैखरनाला; बोहैखारनाय आरो मिलितासआ लेतिन सोदोब बेरेमोदै निफ्राय फैदों। Thus two characteristic symptoms, namely, copious urination and glucose in the urine give the name to the disease. बिदिनो आखुगोनां लैखोनफोरा जादों, मुंफारियै, बांद्राय हासुनाय आरो हासुदैनि ग्लुकज जाय बेरामनि मुंखौ होयो। The normal volume of urine passed daily is about three pints, but in the diabetic condition it can vary from eight to forty pints. सरासनस्रा हासुदै गलांनाय बिबाङा सानफ्रोमबो थाम पिनफ्राम, नाथाय दायबेतिक थासारियाव बेयो दाइननिफ्राय ब्रैजि पिनसिम सोलायसोल’ जानोहागौ। Dr Priscilla, associate clinical professor at the University of California, prescribes nutritional therapy to build up brain chemicals, such as serotonin and norepinephrine that affect one's moods and are often lacking in depressed people. केलिफरनिया-नि-बुहुमफरायसालिनि एससियेत-क्लिनिकेल-प्रफेसार ड. प्रिसिलाया मेलेम रसायनफोर, जेरैबादि सेरतनिन आरो नरेपाइनफ्राइनखौ दानो निउत्रिसनेल-थेरापि बोसोनहोयो, जाय सासेनि गोसोथासारिफोरखौ गोहोमखोखलैयो आरो गोसोबायनाय मानसिफोरनियाव समसम आंखाल जाहायो। The urine is of a pale colour, has an acidic reaction and sweetish odour. हासुदैया सोमखे गाबनि जायो, एसिदारि फिनजाथाय आरो मोनसे गोदैहां मोनामनाय थायो। The quantity of sugar present in it varies from two to forty grams per ounce, the total per day in many cases reaching as much as two lbs. in 30 pints of urine. बेवहाय थानाय सिनिनि बिबाङा मोनफ्रोम आउनसाव नैनिफ्राय ब्रैजि ग्रामसिम सोलायसोल’ जायो, सानफ्रोमबो गोबां बेलायाव जथाया हासुदैनि 30 पिनताव नै एलबिएस सेबां सहैयो। A diabetic feels hungry and thirsty most of the time, does not put on weight, though he eats every now and then, and gets tired easily, both physically and mentally. सासे दायबेतिसगोनाङा गोबांसमाव उखैनाय आरो दैगांनाय मोनो, बियो खनले खनले जायोब्लाबो मोदोम ओंखारा, आरो मोननैबो देहायारियै आरो मेलेमारियै गोरलैयैनो मेंनाय मोनो। He looks pale, may suffer from anaemia, constipation, intense itching around the genital organs, palpitations and general weakness. बिखौ सोमखे नुयो, आमाव, खिगोरा, आजाय-अंगफोरनि सोरगिदिं जोबोद मानलुनाय, बिखादुबदुबमावनाय आरो सरासनस्रा लोरबांथियाव भुगिनो हागौ। He feels drowsy and has a lower sex urge than a normal person. बियो थेनथावनो ओंखारो आरो सासे सरासनस्रा सुबुंनिख्रुइ आथोनारि-लुबैनाया खम थायो। Not only is the overeating of sugar and refined carbohydrates harmful but also of proteins and fats, which are transformed into sugar if taken in excess and may result in diabetes. सिनि आरो सोदांनाय-कारबहायद्रेदफोर बांद्रायजानायनि थाखायल’ नङा नाथाय प्रतिन आरो मेजेम बांद्राय जानायबो खहागोनां, जायफोरा बांद्राय जायोब्ला सिनियाव सोलायहैयो आरो दायबेतिस जाहोनो हायो। Too much food taxes the pancreas and eventually paralyses its normal activity. बांद्राय आदारा आमायथुखौ दिगदारहोयो आरो जाउनमहरै बेनि सरासनस्रा खामानिखौ थरगोयि खालामो। It has been estimated that the incidence of diabetes is four times higher in persons of moderate obesity and 30 times higher in persons of severe obesity. बेखो हमनालानायजाबायदि बेखो हमनालानायजाबायदि दायबेतिसनि जाथाया इसे लोदोबेराम मानसिफोरनियाव ब्रै-फान बारा आरो बांद्राय लोदोबेराम मानसिफोरनियाव 30 फान बारा जायो। Grief, worry and anxiety also have a deep influence on the metabolism and may cause sugar to appear in the urine. दुखु, जिंगा आरो उसुखुथुहाबो जिबरासायनजाथायाव मोनसे गोथौ गोहोम दं आरो हासुदैयाव सिनि ओंखारहोनो हागौ। The disease may be associated with some other grave organic disorders like cancer, tuberculosis and cerebral disease. बे बेरामा खायसे गुबुन गोमजोर-जैब’आरि-गाज्रिजानायफोर जेरै केनसार, जक्ष्या आरो सेरेब्रेल बेरामजों सोमोनदो थानो हागौ। She recommends eating foods rich in B vitamins, such as whole grains, green vegetables, eggs and fish. बियो बि भितामिन बहरा आदारफोर जानायखौ बोसोनहोयो, जेरैबादि गासै-बेगरफोर, गोथां-मैगंफोर, दावदैफोर आरो नाफोर। Heredity is also a major factor in the development of the disease. बंसआरियाबो बेराम सोमजिनायनि मोनसे गाहाय जाहोन। It has been rightly said, "Heredity is like a cannon and obesity pulls the trigger". बेखौ रोखायै बुंनायजादों, “बंसआरिया गंसे कामानबादि आरो लोदोबेरामआ त्रिगार बोयो”। Any successful method of diabetes treatment should aim at removing the actual cause of the disease and building up the entire health-level of the patient. दायबेतिस सिकितसानि जायखिजाया देरहासार आदबआ बेरामनि गुबै जाहोनखौ सोखानायाव आरो बेरामिनि गासै देहा-थोरफोखौ दाफुंनायाव थांखिलानांगौ। Diet therapy is the basis of such a treatment. आदार-थेरापिया बिदि सिकितसानि बिथा। The primary dietary consideration for a diabetic patient is that he should be strict lacto-vegetarian and take a low-caloric, low-fast, alkaline diet of high quality, natural foods. सासे दायबेतिसगोनां-बेरामिनि थाखाय गुदि आदारारि गनायथिया जादोंदि बियो गायखेर-निरामिजाव गोरा जानांगौ आरो खम-केलरिक, खम-फास्त, गोजौ गुननि खारदै-आदार, मिथिंगायारि आदारफोर जानांगौ। Fruits, nuts and vegetables, whole meal bread and dairy products form a good diet for the diabetic. फिथाइफोर, बादामफोर आरो मैगंफोर, गासै आदार-रुति आरो गायखेरारि-मुवाफोरा दायबेतिसगोनांनि थाखाय मोनसे मोजां आदार दायो। Cooked starchy foods should be avoided as in the process of cooking the cellulose envelops of the starch granules burst and consequently the starch is far too easily absorbed in the system. संनाय फुरजा आदारफोरखौ नागारनांगौ मानोना संनायनि बिखानथियाव फुरजा गुनदैफोरनि सेलुल’ज खोबग्राफोरा बेफ्रुयो आरो जाउनमहरै फुरजाया जोबोर गोरलैयै बिखानथियाव सोबखांजायो। The excess absorbed has to be got rid of by the kidneys and appears as sugar in the urine. बांद्राय सोबखांजानाया किदनिफोरजों फोजोबस्रांजानांगोन आरो हासुदैयाव सिनि महरै नुजायो। With raw starchy foods, however, the saliva and digestive juices in the small intestine regulate the quantities required to be changed into sugar for the body's needs. नाथाय, गोथां फुरजा आदारफोरजों खुदै आरो फिसा-बिबुनि दोगोनारि-बिदैफोरा देहानि गोनांथिफोरनि थाखाय सिनियाव सोलायनो गोनांजानाय बिबांफोरखौ सामलायो। The unused and undigested portion of raw starchy foods does not become injurious to the system, as it does not readily ferment. गोथां फुरजा आदारफोरनि बाहायजायि आरो दोगोनजायि बाहागोआ बिखानथियाव खहागोनां जाया, मानोना बेयो गोरलैयै सेवा। The diet of persons suffering from depression should completely exclude tea, coffee, alcohol, chocolate and cola, all white flour products, sugar, food colourings, chemical additives, white rice and strong condiments. गोसोबायनायाव भुगिनाय सुबुंफोरनि आदारआ साहा, कफि, जौ, सकलेत आरो कला, गासै गुफुर-आतागुनदै-मुवाफोर, सिनि, गाबगोनां-आदार, रसायनारि दाजाबदेरफोर, गुफुर मायरं आरो गोख्रों मसलाफोरखौ आबुङै नागारनांगौ। The diabetic should not be afraid to eat fresh fruits and vegetables which contain sugar and starch. दायबेतिसगोनाङा थाजिम फिथाइफोर आरो मैगंफोर जानो गिनाङा जायफोरहा सिनि आरो फुरजा थायो। Fresh fruits contain sugar (fructose) which does not need insulin for its metabolism and is well tolerated by diabetics. थाजिम फिथाइफोराव सिनि(फ्रुकतस) थाफायो जायनो गावनि जिबरासायनजाथायनि थाखाय इनसुलिन गोनां जाया आरो दायबेतिसगोनांफोरजों मोजाङै सहायजायो। Fats and oils should be taken sparingly, for they are apt to lower the tolerance for proteins and starches. मेजेम आरो थावफोरखौ हिसाबै जानांगौ, मानोना बेफोर प्रतिनफोर आरो फुरजाफोरनि थाखाय सहायनायखौ खमायनो आरजायो। Emphasis should be on raw foods as they stimulate and increase insulin production. जरहोनाया गोथां आदारफोरनि सायाव जानांगौ मानोना बेफोर इनसुलिन-दिहुनथायफोरखौ गोख्रैखालामो आरो बांहोयो। For protein, home-made cottage cheese, various forms of soured milk and nuts are best. प्रतिननि थाखाय, नआव-बानायनाय फुरगेव सिस, गोबां रोखोमनि गोखै गायखेर आरो बादामफोरा साबसिन। The patients should avoid overeating and take four or five small meals a day rather than three large ones. बेरामिफोरा बांद्रायजानायखौ नेवसिनांगौ आरो खेबथाम बांद्राय जानायनिख्रुइ खेबब्रै एबा खेबबा खम आदाफोर जानांगौ। The diabetic patient should take the juice of three or four bitter gourds daily in between meals for positive results. दायबेतिसगोनां-बेरामिया मोजां फिथाइनि थाखाय सानफ्रोमबो आदारफोरनि गेजेराव थाइथाम एबा थाइब्रै गोखा-केरेलाफोरनि बिदै आजावनांगौ। The patients should avoid tea, coffee and cocoa because of their adverse influence on the digestive tract. बेरामिफोरा साहा, कफि आरो कक’आखौ दोगोनारि जायगायाव बिसोरनि उलथा गोहोमनि थाखाय नेवसिनांगौ। Other foods which should be avoided are white bread, white flour products, sugar, tinned fruits, sweets, chocolates, pastries, pies, puddings, refined cereals and alcoholic drinks. नेवसिनांगौ गुबुन आदारफोरा जादों गुफुर-रुति, गुफुर-मैदा-मुवाफोर, सिनि थेमायावदोनजानाय-फिथाइफोर, गोदैफोर, सकलेतफोर, पेसत्रिसफोर, पायफोर, पुदिंफोर, सोदांनाय बेगरआदारफोर आरो जौआरि लोंनायफोर। The most important nutrient in the treatment of diabetes is manganese which is vital in the production of natural insulin. दायबेतिसनि सिकितसायाव जोबोद गोनांथार निउत्रिना मेंगानिस(manganese) जाय मिथिंगायारि इनसुलिननि दिहुनथायाव गोनांथार। The diet should be restricted to three meals. आदारआ बोथिथाम खाजायाव सिमनाखालामजानांगौ। It is found in citrus fruits, in the outer covering of nuts, grains and in the green leaves of edible plants. बेखौ सित्रास-फिथाइफोराव, बादामफोरनि बायजोयारि-खोबग्रायाव, बेगरआदारफोर आरो जाथाव लाइफांफोरनि गोथां बिलायफोराव मोनो। Other nutrients of special value are zinc, B-complex vitamins and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. जरखा गुननि गुबुन निउत्रिनफोरा जादों जिंक, बि-कमप्लेक्स-भितामिन आरो बां-सोबखांजायि-मेजेमारि-एसिदफोर। Diarrhoea refers to the frequent passage of loose or watery unformed stools. खिसावनायआ गुरै एबा दैलाव दाथायगैयि खिफोर गलेगले गलांनायखौ बुजायो। The intestines normally get more than 10 litres of liquid per day which comes from the diet and from the secretions of the stomach, liver, pancreas and intestines. बिबुफोरा सरासनस्रायै सानफ्रोमबो 10 लितारनिख्रुइ बांसिन दैलाव मोनो जाय आदारनिफ्राय आरो उदै, बिखा, आमायथु आरो बिबुफोरनि सिगारथिफोरनिफ्राय फैयो। In the cause of diarrhoea, water is either not absorbed or is secreted in excess by the organs of the body. दायेरिया जानायाव, दैया देहानि अंगफोरजों बांद्रायै सोबखांजायाबो एबा सिगारजायाबो। It is then sent to the colon where the water holding capacity is limited. उनाव बेयो बिबुगेदेरसिम दैथायहरजायो जेराव दै हमथानाय गोहोआ सिमागोनां। There are many and varied causes of diarrhoea. खिसावनायनि गोबां आरो रोखोम-रोखोम जाहोनफोर दं। The chief causes are overeating or eating of wrong foods, putrefaction in the intestine tract, fermentation caused by incomplete carbohydrate digestion, nervous irritability and excessive intake of laxatives. गाहाय जाहोनफोरा बांद्रायजानाय एबा गोरोनथि आदारफोर जानाय, बिबु जायगायाव सेवनाय, आबुंनङि कारब’ हायद्रेद-दोगोनजों सोमजिहोजानाय सेवनाय स्नायु दिगदारमोननाय आरो बांद्राय जुलाबफोर लानाय। Other causes include infection by parasites, germs, virus, bacteria or a poison which has entered into the body through food, water or air, allergies to certain substances or even common foods such as milk, wheat, eggs, and sea foods and emotional strain or stress in adults and fright in children. गुबुन जाहोनफोरा मालायजाग्राफोर, जिबख्रिखथाफोर, भायरास, बेकतेरिया एबा बिस जाय आदारनि गेजेरजों देहायाव हाबनाय, दै एबा बार, खायसे बिदिनथिफोरनि एलारजि एबा सरासनस्रा आदारबो जेरैबादि गायखेर, गम, दावदैफोर, आरो लैथो-आदारफोर आरो आबेगारि-गोख्रोंनाजानाय एबा जौमोनसमाव नारसिननाय आरो उनदैसमाव गिनायजों सनदेरनायखौ लाफायो। It may also result from the use of antibiotic drugs. एनतिबायतिक-मुलैफोर बाहायनायनिफ्रायबो बेयो जानोहागौ। Fruits can be taken in the morning for breakfast with milk and a handful of nuts and seeds. फुङाव फुंखाजानि थाखाय गायखेर आरो थोजासे बादामारि आरो बेगरफोरजों फिथाइफोरखौ जाजायो। This is due to the destruction of the beneficial bacteria in the intestines along with pathogenic bacteria at which the antibiotic treatment was aimed. बेयो पेथ’जनिक बेकतेरियाजों लोगोसे बिबुफोरनि खाबुमोनग्रा बेकतेरियानि जोबस्रांनायनि थाखाय जायो जेराव एनतिबायतिक-सिकितसाया थांखिलाजादोंमोन। Diarrhoea may be a prominent feature of organic diseases affecting the small or large intestine such as the sprue syndrome, malignant disease and ulcerative colitis. खिसावनाया उनदै एबा गेदेर बिबु जेरैबादि स्प्रिउ-लैखोन, केनसारगोनां-बेराम आरो आलसारारि-खामनायखौ गोहोमखोखलैनाय जैब’ बेरामफोरनि मोनसे गाहाय आखु जानो हागौ। It may also result from operations on the gastro-intestinal tract. बेयो गेस्त्र-बिबुवारि-जायगायाव हाखावहासिसिकितसाफोरनिफ्रायबो जानोहागौ। Diarrhoea may alternate with constipation. खिसावनाया खिगोराजानायसिम सोलायनो हागौ। This may be a result of the irritation of the mucous membrane by impacted hard faeces. बेयो गोहोमखोख्लैजानाय गोब्राब मैलाजों खायसोखालामजानाय गुंग्राय-बिदलाबनि मोनसे फिथाय। Diarrhoea for prolonged periods can lead to certain complications. खिसावनाया गोलाव समफोरनि थाखाय खायसे जेंनाफोर दैदेननो हागौ। These may include general weakening of health due to loss of vitamins A, D, E and K and other nutrients as food is rushed through the body without giving the nutrients a chance of being absorbed, dehydration due to loss of body fluids and washing out of minerals from the body, and nervous conditions. बेफोरो आदारा निउत्रिनफोरखौ सोबखांनो खाबु होआलाबानो देहानि गेजेरजों गोख्रैबारलांनायनि जाहोनाव भितामिन ए, दि, इ आरो के आरो गुबुन निउत्रिनफोर गोमानायनि थाखाय जानाय सरासनस्रा देहा लोरबांथि, देहा-लावलावमुवाफोर गोमानाय आरो देहानिफ्राय खनिबेसादफोर सुस्रांलांनाय, आरो स्नायु थासारिफोरनि थाखाय जानाय दैरानखांनायखौ सरजाबफानो हागौ। Among the various complications, dehydration poses a serious problem, especially when diarrhoea is accompanied by vomiting. गोबां जेंनाफोरनि गेजेराव, दैरानखांनाया मोनसे गोब्राब जेंना जायगालायो, गुबैयै जेब्ला खिसावनाया गोबानायजों लोगोलाफाजायो। Dehydration is characterised by hot, dry skin over the abdomen, sunken eyes, dry mouth, intense thirst and reduced flow of urine. दैरानखांनाया गुदुं, सिंउदैनि सायाव बिगुर रानखांनाय, हामख्लनाय मेगनफोर, खुगा-रानखांनाय, जोबोर गांहाबनाय आरो हासुदै खम गनायजों आखुहोजायो। This can usually be prevented, if the patient suffering from diarrhoea, with or without vomiting is given plenty of liquids. बेयो सरासनस्रायै होबथाजानो हायो, जेबला बेरामिया दायेरियायाव भुगियो, गोबानाय गोनां एबा गैयिया गोबां दैलावमुवाफोर होजायो। Lunch may consist of steamed vegetables, whole wheat chapattis and a glass of butter-milk. सानजौफुखाजाया रुनाय मैगंफोर, गासै-गम-रुतिफोर आरो गिलाससे माखन-गायखेर लाफानो हागौ। The patient should be given about 150 to 200 ml of fluid every hour from 6 am to 10 pm. बेरामिनो फुंनि 6 निफ्राय मोनानि 10 रिंगासिम मोनफ्रोम घनतायाव 150-200 फ्राम दैलावमुवा होनांगौ। In severe cases of diarrhoea - it is advisable to observe a complete fast for two days to give rest to the gastro-intestinal tract. खिसावनायनि गोब्राब जाथायफोराव गेसत्र’-बिबुआरि-जायगाखौ जिराय होनो साननैनिथाखाय मोनसे आबुं ब्रत फालिनो बोसोनहोजायो। Only warm water may be taken during the period to compensate for the loss of fluids. गोमानाय दैलावफोरखौ सुख’नो बे समाव दुंब्रुद दैखौल’ लाजायो। An enema with water temperature of 95*F, may be taken daily during this period. बे समाव सानफ्रोमबो 95°F गुदुं दैजों मोनसे एनेमाखौ लाजोयो। Juices of fruits like orange or pomegranate, butter-milk, or coconut water may be taken after the acute symptoms are over. गोख्रों लैखोनफोरा जोबनायनि उनाव फिथाइफोरनि बिदैफोर जेरै खमला, दालिम, माखन-गायखेर, एबा नारेंखल-दैखौ लाजायो। Barley water mixed with an equal quantity of milk, with added sugar, can also be given. सिनि दाजाबदेरनानै, समान बिबांनि गायखेरजों दै गलायनाय बेरलिखौबो होजायो। In mild cases, well-boiled rice or khichdi (rice and mung dhal cooked with a pinch of salt), with curd and ripe bananas are permitted. गोरलै जाब्रथायफोराव, गायखेरदाखा आरो गोमोन थालिरजों मोजाङै रुनाय ओंखाम एबा खिसरिआ (एसे सुंख्रैजों मायरं आरो मुग दालि संनाय) गनायथिहोजायो। Foods which should be avoided in diarrhoea are milk and milk-drinks, whole grain breads and cereals, cheese, fruits except banana, nuts, meats, fatty soups, sweets and all vegetables except tomato juice. खिसावनायाव नेवसिनांगौ आदारफोरा जादों गायखेर, गायखेर-लोंग्रामुवाफोर, गासै-ग्रैन-रुतिफोर आरो बेगरआदारफोर, सिस, थालिरनि अनगा गुबुन फिथाइफोर, बादामफोर, बेदरफोर, मेजेमारि बिदैफोर, गोदैफोर आरो फानथावबिलाथि-बिदैनि अनगा गासै मैगंफोर। After the condition improves, meals can be enlarged gradually to include raw juices like papaya juice, lemon juice and fresh pineapple juice, cooked vegetables, whole rice, soured milks such as yogurt and butter-milk. थासारिया जौगानायनि उनाव लासैयै गोथां बिदैफोर जेरै मैदुफुल-बिदै, खारजि-बिदै आरो थाजिम रैमालि-बिदै, संनाय मैगंफोर, गासै ओंखाम, गोखै-गायखेर जेरैबादि यगार्त आरो माखन-गायखेरखौ सरजाबनानै आदारखौ बांहोजायो। Raw foods should be taken only after the patient completely recovers. गोथां आदारखौ बेरामिया आबुङै हामनायनि उनावसो आजावनांगौ। For dinner, green vegetable salad and all available sprouts such as alfalfa seeds, mung, cottage cheese or a glass of butter-milk would be ideal. हरखाजानि थाखाय गोथां-मैगं-सालाद आरो गासै मोननोहाथाव गाजाबेरनाय जेरैबादि आलफालफा-बेगरफोर, मां, फुरगेव-सिस एबा गिलाससे माखन-गायखेरा साबसिन जागोन। Certain natural remedies have been found effective in curing diarrhoea and these are carrot soup, banana, turmeric powder, the cultured or sour milk and garlic. खिसावनायखौ फाहामनायाव खायसे मिथिंगायारि फाहामराहाफोरखौ जाउनगोनां मोनायजादों आरो बेफोर जादों गाजर बिदै, थालिर, हालदै-गुनदै, सोदांनाय एबा गोखै गायखेर आरो सामब्रामगुफुर। It checks the growth of harmful intestinal bacteria and prevents vomiting. बेयो खहागोनां बिबुआरि बेकतेरियानि जौगानायखौ नायसङो आरो गोबानायखौ होबथायो। One pound of carrot may be cooked in five ounces of water until it is soft. से पाउन्द गाजरखौ बेयो गुरै जायिसिम बा आउन्स दैयाव संजायो। The pulp should be strained and boiled water added to make a quart. फिथायमोदोमफोरा सरजानांगौ आरो फुवासे खालामनो थाखाय फुदुंनाय दै दाजाबदेरनांगौ। Three-quarter table-spoon of salt may be mixed. थाम कुवारतार तेबोल सामुस सुंख्रिखौ गलायजायो। The soup should be given in small amounts to the patient every half an hour. बिदैखौ बेरामिनो मोनफ्रोम खावसे घनतायाव खम बिबाङै होनांगौ। Bananas contain pectin and encourage the growth of beneficial bacteria. थालिरफोरहा बिजाल थायो आरो खाबुलाग्रा बेकतेरियानि जौगानायखौ थुलुंगायो। Turmeric, a yellow vegetable powder used as a condiment has proved beneficial. मोनसे बाथोन महरै बाहायजानाय मोनसे गोमो मैगं गुनदै हालदैआ मुलामफागोनां फोरमानखालामबाय। Acidified milk such as yogurt or butter-milk help overcome the harmful intestinal flora and re-establish the benign or friendly flora. एसिदारिखालामजानाय गायखेर जेरैबादि-यगार्त एबा माखन-गायखेरा बिबुआरि लायफांजिबखौ फेजेननो हेफाजाबहोयो आरो मुलामफागोनां एबा मोजांमोनथाव लायफांजिबखौ गायसनफिनो। The acid in the soured milk also fights germs and bacteria. गोखै-गायखेरनि एसिदाबो जिउसा आरो बेकतेरियाजों दावहानाङो। It is a powerful, effective and harmless antibiotic and aids digestion. बेयो मोनसे गोहोगोनां, जाउनगोनां आरो खहागोयि एनतिबायतिक आरो दोगोनजानायखौ हेफाजाबहोयो। Vomiting usually produces relief. गोबानाया सरासनस्रायै आराम मोनहोयो। The patient should get as much fresh air as possible. बेरामिया हानायसेबां थाजिम बार मोननांगौ। Other symptoms are a foul taste in the mouth, coated tongue and bad breath. गुबुन लैखोनफोरा खुगायाव थाविमोननाय, सालायगोब्राजानाय आरो गाज्रि-हां। At times a sensation of strangling in the throat is experienced. समसम, गोदनायाव सेरथेथे मोनदांथिनि रोंमोनदांथियो। In most cases of indigestion, the patient suffers from constipation which adds to the acidity of the system. दोगोनजायिनि गोबां बेलायाव, बेरामिया खिगोराजानायाव भुगियो जाय बिखानथिनि एसिदितियाव दाजाबफायो। The main causes for dyspepsia are overeating, eating wrong food combinations, eating too rapidly and neglecting proper mastication and salivation of food. दिसपेपसियानि गुबै जाहोनफोरा बांद्राय-जानाय, गोरोनथि आदार जथायथिफोर जानाय, बांद्राय खनलेखनले जानाय आरो आदारनि मोजां सावग्लिथि आरो खुदैखौ नेवसिनाय। Overeating or frequent eating produces a feverish state in the system and overtaxes the digestive organs. बांद्रायजानाय एबा गलेगले जानाया बिखानथियाव मोनसे लोमजाज्रोदनाय थासारि सोमजिहोयो आरो दोगोनारि अंग’फोरखौ दिगदारहोयो। It produces excessive acid and causes the gastric mucous membrane to become congested. बेयो बांद्राय एसिद सोमजिहोयो आरो गेसत्रिक गुग्राय बिदलाबखौ बुंफबहोयो। Over-eating makes the work of the stomach, liver, kidneys and bowels harder. बांद्राय जानाया उदै, बिखा, किदनिफोर आरो बिबुफोरनि खामानिखौ गोब्राबसिन खालामो। When this food putrefies, its poisons are absorbed back into the blood and consequently, the whole system is poisoned. जेब्ला बे आदारा सेवो, बेनि बिसफोरा थैयाव सोबखांजाफिनो आरो जाउनबादियै गासै बिखानथियानो बिसगोनां जायो। Many persons, who gulp their food to stress and hurry, suffer from this ailment. गोबां सुबुंफोरा नोरजियायाव भुगियो, जाय गावसोरनि आदारखौ नारसिनना आरो हाखुदाखु मन’ग्लाबो। Dyspepsia is a word of Greek origin meaning indigestion or difficulty in digestion. दिसपेपसियाया दोगोनजायि एबा दोगोननि गोब्राबथिखौ ओंथि फोरमायनाय ग्रिक जोलैनि मोनसे सोदोब। When food is swallowed in large chunks, the stomach has to work harder and more hydrochloric acid is secreted. जेब्ला आदारा गिदिर थुख्राफोराव मन’जायो, उदैया गोब्राबसिन मावनांगौ जायो आरो हाइद्रक्लरिक-एसिदआ सिगारजायो। Eating too fast also causes one to swallow air. जोबोद गोख्रै जानाया बारबो मन’होयो। These bad habits force some of the digestive fluid into the oesophagus, causing burning, a stinging sensation or a sour taste, giving an illusion of stomach acid. बेफोर गाज्रि हुदाफोरा दोगोनजाहोग्रा रोसिनि खायसेखौ आदारनोलियाल नारसिनो, आलौनाय, खस्त मोनदांथि एबा खेबखेब मोननाय, उदै एसिदनि मोनसे सानदांथि होनाय जाहोयो। Certain foods, especially if they are not properly cooked, cause dyspepsia. खायसे आदारफोरा दिसपेपसिया जाहोयो, गुबैयै जुदि बेफोरो मोजाङै संजाया। Some people react unfavourably to certain foods like beans, cabbage, onions, cucumber, radishes and sea-foods. खायसे मानसिफोरा खायसे आदारफोर जेरै, बिनफोर, बानदाकबि, सामब्रांगोजाफोर, थाइबें, मुला आरो लैथो आदारफोरखौ ओरैनो फिनजाथायखालामो। Fried foods as well as rich and spicy foods often cause abdominal discomfort and gas or aggravate the existing condition. एवनाय आदारफोर लोगोसे आबुं आरो मसलागोनां आदारफोरा गोबांसमाव उदैयारि सुखुयि आरो गेस सोमजिहोयो एबा थाखानाय थासारिखौ गाज्रिसिन खालामो। Excessive smoking and intake of alcohol can also cause stomach upset. बांद्राय सोबनाय आरो जौआरि आजावनायाबो उदैखौ खस्त’ मोनहोनो हायो। Constipation may interfere with the normal flow through the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in gas and abdominal pain. खिगोराजानाया गेस आरो उदैयारि सानाय जाहोनानै, गेस्त्रइनतेसतिनेल जायगानि गेजेरजों सरासनस्रा बौहेनायखौ बादाहोनोहागौ। The habit of eating and drinking together is another cause of indigestion as taking liquids with meals dilutes the digestive juices and diminishes their potency. जयै जानाय आरो लोंनायनि हुदाया दोगोनजायिनि गुबुनमोनसेबाव जाहोन मानोना आदारफोरजों दैलावमुवाफोर आजावनाया दोगोनारि बिदैफोरखौ गलायो आरो बिसोरनि मावगोहोखौ खमायो। Insomnia, emotions such as jealousy, fear and anger and lack of exercise are among the other causes of this ailment. उनदुनोओंखारि, आबेगफोर जेरैबादि मोनसा, गिनाय आरो रागा आरो बियामनि आंखालफोरा बे नोरजियानि गुबुन जाहोनफोर। Any gastrointestinal symptom associated with taking of food is called dyspepsia. आदार जानायजों सोमोनदोगोनां जायखिजाया गेसत्रइनतेसतिनेल लैखोनखौ दिसपेपसिया बुङो। The only effective treatment for dyspepsia is a thorough cleansing of the digestive tract and adoption of sensible dietary habits thereafter, along with change in style of living. दिसपेपसियानि थाखाय मोनसेल’ जाउनगोनां सिकितसाया जादों दोगोनारि-जायगाखौ मोजाङै साफाखालामनाय आरो बेनिउनाव जिउखुंनायनि राहाखौ सोलायनायजों लोगोसे मोजां आदारारि हुदाफोर फालिनाय। The best way to commence the treatment is to adopt an all-fruit diet for about five days. सिकितसाखौ जागायनायनि साबसिन राहाया जादों बा सानसोनि थाखाय मोनसे गासै-फिथाय-आदार फालिनाय। In this regimen, the patient should take three meals a day of fresh juicy fruits such as apples, pears, grapes, oranges, grape-fruits, pineapples, peaches and melons. बे फालिथायाव, बेरामिया थाजिम बिदैगोनां फिथाइफोर जेरैबादि आपेल, नासपति, आंगुर, खमला, आंगुर फिथाइ, रैमालि, थायजौखहे आरो तरमुजफोरनि सानफायाव बोथिथाम आदार आजावनांगौ। Dried, stewed or tinned fruits, however, should not be taken. नाथाय फोराननाय, रुनाय एबा थेमायावदोननाय फिथाइफोरखौ आजावनो नाङा। No other foodstuff should be added to the fruit meals, otherwise the value of the treatment will be lost. फिथायआदारफोराव गुबुन जेबो आदारफोरखौ दाजाबदेरनो नाङा; नङाब्ला सिकितसानि गुना गोमागोन। In case of severe dyspepsia, it will be advisable to fast for two or three days before adopting an all-fruit diet. गोब्राब दिसपेपसियानि बेलायाव, मोनसे गासै-फिथाइ-आदार फालिनायनि आगोल नै एबा थाम सानफोरनि थाखाय लगनथानाया बोसोनहोजाथाव जागोन। After the all-fruit diet, the patient may take a restricted diet of easily digestible foods, consisting of lightly cooked vegetables, juicy fruits and butter-milk for about ten days. गासै-फिथाइ-आदारनि उनाव बेरामिया जि सानसोनि थाखाय साज्राङै संनाय-मैगंफोर, बिदैगोनां फिथाइफोर आरो माखन-गायखेर थाफानाय गोरलैयै दोगोनजानाय आदारफोरनि मोनसे सिमनागोनां आदार आजावनो हागौ। Spices and condiments such as pepper, mustard, vinegar or pickles, which make food more palatable and lead to over-eating, must be avoided. मसला आरो मसलिफोर जेरैबादि जालुग, बेसर, भिनेगार एबा आसारफोरखौ नेवसिथारनांगोन जाय आदारखौ जोबोर गोथाव खालामो आरो बांद्राय जानायखौ दैदेनो। Alcohol, tobacco, strong tea and coffee, highly seasoned meats, over- boiled milk, pulses, potato, rice, cheese, refined, processed, stale and tinned foods should all be avoided. जौ, थांखु, गोख्रों साहा आरो कफि, बांद्राय थिनाय बेदरफोर, बांद्राय फुदुंनाय गायखेर, बेगरआदारफोर, आलु, ओंखाम, सिस, सोदांनाय, थारनाय, बासि आरो थेमायावदोननाय आदारफोर गासैखौबो आजावनो नाङा। Curds and cottage cheese may be used freely. गायखेरदाखा आरो फुरगेव सिसखौ उदाङै बाहायनो हागौ। It is one of the most common ailments today and results from dietetic errors. दिनै बेयो जोबोरैनो जाफ्लेबायथानाय नोरजियाफोरनि मोनसे आरो आदारजानायनि गोरोनथिफोरनिफ्राय जायो। A home remedy for chronic dyspepsia is to chew about one gram of ginger with powder of rock salt before meals. गोब्राब दिसपेपसियानि थाखाय मोनसे नखरारि-फाहामराहाया जादों आदारजानायनि आगोल मिथिंगायारि संख्रैनि गुनदैजों लोगोसे से ग्रामफ्राम हायजें सावसुबनाय। For flatulence and gas, garlic is an excellent remedy. उदैदुनाय आरो गेसजानायनि थाखाय सामब्रामगुफुरआ मोनसे साबनाहामना फाहामराहा। It neutralises putrefactive toxins and kills unhealthy bacteria. बेयो सेवहोनाय बिसफोरखौ गोहोमगोयिखालामो आरो गुफुंनङि बेकतेरियाखौ बुथारो। It also eliminates gas and helps digestion. बेयो गेसखौबो गगारहोयो आरो दोगोनजानायखौ हेफाजाब होयो। B vitamins are also beneficial in case of dyspepsia. बि-भितामिनफोराबो दिसपेपसियानि बेलायाव मुलामफागोनां। B1 or thiamine is especially useful for the digestion of starches. बि1 एबा थायमिना गुबैयै फुरजामुवाफोरनि दोगोनजानायनि थाखाय बाहायजाथाव। But it should be ensured that the whole B complex group in some form is added to prevent imbalance which may be caused if only one B factor is given. नाथाय बेयो रोखा जानांगौदि समाननङिखौ होबथानो खायसे दाथायाव गासै बि-कमप्लेक्स-हानजाखौ दाजाबजायो जाय मोनसेल’ बि मुवाया होजायोब्ला सोमजिनो हागौ। Water or other liquids should be taken half an hour before and one hour after a meal. दै एबा गुबुन दैलाव मुवाफोरखौ आदारजानायनि खावसे घनतानि आगोल आरो से घनता उनाव आजावनांगौ। The term 'Eczema' is derived from a Greek word meaning 'to boil'. एकजेमा सोदोबआ ‘गुगला जानाय’ ओंथि फोरमायनाय मोनसे ग्रिक सोदोबनिफ्राय फैनाय। It refers to an inflammation of the skin which results in the formation of vesicles or pustules. बेयो बिगुरनि मोनसे खामलाबनायखौ फोरमायो जाय थिफुनाय एबा फिसागुगलाफोरनि महराव सोमजियो। The stomach, which is the most used organ of the body, resembles a pear shaped pouch. उदैया, जाय देहानि जोबोद बाहायजानाय अंग’, थायसे नासपतिमहरनि जलंगाबादि समानमहरदिनथियो। It is the most common and most troublesome of all skin diseases. बेयो जादों गासै बिगुर-बेरामफोरनि जोबोद जाफ्लेबायथाग्रा आरो जेंनागोनां। Eczema is essentially a constitutional disease, resulting from a toxic condition of the system. एकजेमाया गोनांथारै बिखानथिनि मोनसे बिसगोनां थासारिनिफ्राय जानाय मोनसे सोलेरारि बेराम। The disease covers a wide variety of forms, the majority of them, being of a chronic variety. बे बेरामा गोबां रोखोमनि दाथायफोरखौ लाफायो, बिसोरनि बांसिनानो गोब्राब रोखोमफोर। The skin is one of the excretory organs of the body through which large quantities of toxic matter are easily eliminated. बिगुरा देहानि सिगारग्रा अंग’फोरनि मोनसे जायनि गेजेरजों गोबां बिबांनि बिस मुवाफोरा गोरलैयै गगारहोजायो। Because of its large surface, it can effectively eliminate waste matter which other organs of elimination - namely the kidneys, intestines and lungs - do not have the capacity to handle. बेनि गुवार जायगानि थाखाय, बेयो जाउनगोनाङै उदायि मुवाखौ गगारहोयो जायखौ गगारहोनायनि गुबुन अंग’फोर मुंथियै किदनि, बिबुफोर आरो संफ्ल’फोरहा सामलायनो गोहो थाया। Eczema, in its acute form, is indicated by redness and swelling of the skin, the formation of minute vesicles and severe heat. गावनि गोख्रों महराव एकजेमाया दसेसम थिफुनाय आरो जोबोद दुंखांनायनि महर, बिगुरनि गोजाथि आरो बुखांनायजों दिनथिजायो। If the vesicles rupture, a raw, moist surface is formed. थिफुनायफोरा बेरफ्रुयोब्ला, मोनसे गोथां, सिदोब दाखोनमहर नुजायो। From this, colourless discharge oozes, which forms skin crusts when it accumulates. बेनिफ्राय गाबगैयि गगारमुवाया निज्रायबोयो, जाय बिगुरखौ राखां महरहोयो जेब्ला बेयो जजायो। The disease is usually worse at night when the heat of the body is retained by the bed-clothes. बेरामा सरासनस्रायै हराव गाज्रिसिन जायो जेब्ला देहानि दुंथाया एम जिफोरजों मोनफिनहोजायो। The skin itches at all stages. बिगुरआ गासै थाखोफोरावनो मानो। It forms a part of the digestive tract which is a tube coiled in loops, nearly 28 feet long. बेयो दोगोनारि-जायगानि मोनसे बाहागो दायो जाय दौलेंफोराव फानफबना थानाय मोनसे नोलि, फ्राय 28 फुत गोलाव। In the wet stage, it may become infected with bacteria. गिसि थाखोआव बेयो बेकतेरियाजों सनदेरजानो हागौ। Healing of the condition is affected by scratching in response to the irritation. थासारिनि हामखांनाया मानलुनायनि थाखाय खुरनायजों गाज्रि-गोहोमखोख्लैजायो। Scratching not only spreads infection but also lengthens the stage of drying and scaling. खुरनाया सनदेरथिखौ गोसारहोयाल’ नाथाय रानखांनाय आरो हामनायनि थाखोखौ गोलावसिनबो खालामो। Allergies play an important part in causing eczema. एलारजिफोरा एकजेमा जाहोनायाव मोनसे गोनां बाहागो लायो। Some women get eczema on their hands due to an allergy to soap or detergents used to wash clothes or dishes. खायसे आयजोफोरा जि एबा थोरसिफोर सुनो बाहायनाय साबोन एबा दितारजिन्तफोरनि थाखाय जानाय एलारजिनि थाखाय बिसोरनि आखायाव एकजेमा जायो। Some persons develop it around the fingers when they wear rings because of allergy to metals. जेब्ला बिसोर आसिथाम गानो एलारजि जाहोग्रा धातुफोरनि थाखाय खायसे मानसिफोरा बिखौ आसिफोरनि सोरगिदिं जौगाहोयो। Researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, in a recent study of children with atrophic eczema, found that 75 per cent were allergic to a number of foods. सेन एनतनिय’नि तेक्सास-हेल्थ-साइन्स-सेनतार भुमफरायसालियाव एत्र’फिक-एकजेमा गोनां गथ’फोरनि बावैसो बिजिरनायाव बिजिरसंगिरिफोरा मोनदोंमोनदि 75 जौखोनदोआनो गोबां आदाराव एलारजि जायोमोन। The most common triggers for sensitive persons are eggs, peanuts, chocolate, wheat, cow's milk, chicken and potato. थरगोनां सुबुंफोरनि थाखाय जोबोद सरासनस्रा जाहोनफोरा जादों दावदै, बादाम, सकलेत, गम, मोसौनि-गायखेर, दावबेदर आरो आलुफोर। The real cause of eczema is the failure of the human system to excrete the poisons from the various orifices of the body. एकजेमानि थार जाहोना जादों देहानि गोबां गुदुंफोरनिफ्राय बिसफोरखौ सिगारहोनो सुबुं बिखानथिनि फेलेंजानाय। Waste matter is excreted from the rectum through stools, from the bladder through urine, from the lungs through breath and from the pores of the skin through sweat. उदायि मुवाया खिफोरजों खिलामानिफ्राय, हासुदैजों सिथोबनिफ्राय, हांजों संफ्ल’निफ्राय आरो गोलोमदैजों बिगुरनि गुदुंफोरनिफ्राय सिगारजायो। It varies in size and position depending on how much food it contains. बेयो बेसेबां आदार आजावो बेनिसायाव सोनारनानै रोखोमरोखोम महरनि आरो थाथायनि जायो। Sometimes the pores of the skin are over- worked as waste matter is not properly eliminated from the other orifices. माब्लाबा बिगुरनि खोमोनगुदुंफोरा बांद्राय खामानि मावहोजायो मानोना उदायि मुवाफोरा गुबुन गुदुंफोरनिफ्राय मोजाङै गगारहोजाया। If the pores are not given the chance to perform their normal function, the sweat will be full of toxic matter and this will give rise to skin diseases like eczema, acne, boils and other eruptions. खोमोनगुदुंफोरा गावसोरनि सरासनस्रा खामानियाव बाहागोलानो खाबु होजायाब्ला, गोलोमदैया बिस मुवाजों आबुं जागोन आरो बेयो एकजेमा, एकनि, गुगला आरो गुबुन दब्रागारायफोर बायदि बिगुर-बेरामफोर ओंखारहोगोन। Eczema can also be caused by stress. एकजेमाया सिनथाजोंबो सोमजिहोजानो हागौ। The skin is recognised as the release organ for built-up tension. बिगुरखौ जिंगा सोरजिनायनि थाखाय मोनदांथि अंग महरै गनायनाय जायो। Senior executives who have often to face labour problems or carry out time-bound assignments fall prey to the skin disorders known as tension or stress eczema. देरसिन-मावफुंगिरि जाय लेबर जेंनाफोर एबा सम-थिनाय-खामानिबाहागोफोर जाहोजानायजों फ्राय मोगामोगि जानांनायफोरा जिंगा एबा सिनथा एकजेमा बायदियै मिथिनाय बिगुर गाज्रिजानाय गाग्लोबनायाव गोग्लैयो। It manifests itself on hands and feet and behind the neck through circular oozing lesions. बेयो बेंखन-निज्रायनाय-गारायनि गेजेरजों आखाय आरो आथिंफोराव आरो गोदनानि उनाव गावनोगाव नुजायो। The condition can also be brought about by a nagging spouse, jealousy, frustration and a host of other emotions. थासारिया बिसिफिसायनि-दुखुहोलायनाय, मोनसा, गोसोबायनाय आरो गुबुन आबेगफोरनि आसाजोंबो लाबोजानो हायो। Other causes include faulty metabolism, constipation and nutritional deficiencies. गुबुन जाहोनफोरा गोरोनथि जिब रासायनारि जाथाय, खिगोराजानाय आरो निउत्रिसनेल-आंखालफोरखौ सरजाबफायो। Suppressive drug treatment of former diseases is also a most potent subsidiary causative factor in many cases. गोबां बेलायाव, सिगांनि बेरामफोरनि गोख्रों मुलि सिकितसायाबो मोनसे जोबोर गोहोमगोनां सोमजिहोग्रा जाहोन। If the exudation is suppressed, some other more serious disease may develop. गोलोमदैया मुथेजायोब्ला, खायसे गुबुन जोबोर गोब्राब बेरामा जौगानोहागौ। An overloaded stomach prevents the diaphragm from functioning properly. बजाहोद्राजानाय उदैया मोजाङै खामानिमावनायाव दायफरामखौ होबथायो। The best way to deal with eczema is to cleanse the blood stream and the body. एकजेमाजों जुजिनायनि साबसिन राहाया जादों थै-दाहार आरो देहाखौ साफाखालामनाय। The treatment should start with a fast on orange juice and water from five to ten days, depending on the severity and duration of the trouble. गोब्राबथि आरो जेंनानि समनि सायाव सोनारनानै सिकितसाया बानिफ्राय जि सानसिम खमला बिदै आरो दै लगनजों जागायजेनजानांगौ। Juice fasting will help eliminate toxic waste from the body and lead to substantial improvement. बिदै लगनथानाया देहानिफ्राय बिसगोनां मुवाखौ गगारहोनो हेफाजाबहोगोन आरो थोजासे जौगानायसि दैदेनलांगोन। In some cases, the condition may worsen in the beginning of the fast due to the increased elimination of waste matter through the skin. माखेसे बेलाफोराव, बिगुरनि गेजेरजों बांद्राय उदायि-मुवानि गगारनायनि थाखाय थासारिया लागाननि जागायजेननायाव गाज्रिसिन जानोहागौ। But as fasting continues, improvement will manifest itself. नाथाय लगानलाखिनाया सोलिबायथानायजों लोगोसे जौगानायाबो गावनोगाव फोरमानहोगोन। Fruits, raw or steamed vegetables without salt, served with whole meal bread or chapattis may be taken after the juice fast. गासै आदार रुति एबा सापातिफोरजों होजानाय फिथाइफोर, सुख्रि होयि गोथां एबा रुनाय मैगंफोरखौ बिदै लगाननि उनाव आजावजायो। Coconut oil may be used instead of ghee. घिउनि सोलाय नारेंखल थावखौ बाहायजायो। After a few days, curd and milk may be added to the diet. खायसे सानफोरनि उनाव, गायखेरदाखा आरो गायखेरखौ आदाराव दाजाबजायो। Carrot and musk melon are particularly beneficial. गाजर आरो मास्क-तरमुजफोरा जुनियायै मुलामफागोनां। The patients may thereafter gradually embark upon a well- balanced diet of three basic food groups namely, seeds, nuts and grains, vegetables and fruits. बेनिउनाव बेरामिफोरा लासैयै मोजां-सुथायगोनां मोनथाम गुदि आदार हानजाफोरा मुंफारियै बेगरफोर, बादामफोर आरो ग्रैन, मैगंफोर आरो फिथाइफोरनि सायाव जागायजेननो हायो। Abdominal pain, a feeling of over-fullness after eating, heartburn, loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting and flatulence or gas are the usual symptoms of dyspepsia. उदैयारि सानाय, जानायनि उनाव बांद्राय रोनोरोनो मोनदांनाय, बिखा खालौनाय, उखैनाय गोमानाय, गोबाल’मोननाय एबा गोबानाय आरो उदैदुनाय एबा गेसजानायफोरा दिसपेपसियानि सरासनस्रा लैखोन। A large proportion of the diet should consist of raw foods. आदारनि बांसिन रुजुथायाव गोथां आदारफोर थानांगौ। Seeds and beans such as alfalfa, mung and soyabeans can be sprouted. बेगरफोर आरो बिनफोर जेरैबादि आलफालफा, मांग आरो सयाबिनफोरखौ गाजाबेरहोनो हायो। This diet may be supplemented with cold-pressed vegetable oils, honey and yeast. बे आदारा गुसु सेरख’जानाय मैगं थावफोर, बेरेमोदै आरो मैखुनजों दाजाबदेरफाजायो। Juice fasting may be repeated at intervals of two months or so, depending on the progress being made. बिदै लगानलाखिनायखौ जौगानायनि सायाव सोनारनानै दान मोननैनि गेजेर-गेजेर फालिफिनबायथानो हायो। In chronic and more difficult cases of eczema, the patient should fast at least once a week till he is cured. एकजेमानि क्रनिक आरो गोब्राब जाथायफोराव, बेरिमिया बियो हामखांनायसिम खमसे-खम सफथाव खेबसे लगानथानांगौ। The patient should avoid tea, coffee, alcoholic beverages and all condiments and highly flavoured dishes. बेरामिया साहा, कफि, जौआरि दैलावमुवाफोर आरो गासै मसलाफोर आरो जोबोरै थावनायगोनां खाजाफोरखौ नेवसिनांगौ। He should also avoid sugar, white-flour products, denatured cereals like polished rice and pearled barley and tinned or bottled foods. बियो सिनि, गुफुर मैदा मुवाफोर, मिथिंगायारिनङि बेगरआदारफोर जेरै सोदांनाय मायरं आरो देग्लिनाय आरो थेमा एबा बथ’लाव दोननाय आदारफोरखौबो नेवसिनांगौ। He should eat only pure and wholesome foods. बियो गोगो आरो गुफुं आदारफोरखौल’ जानांगौ। Raw vegetable juices, especially carrot juice in combination with spinach juice, have proved highly beneficial in the treatment of eczema. गोथां मैगं बिदैफोर, गुबैयै पालें बिदैजों गाजर बिदै जथायथिया एकजेमानि सिकितसायाव जोबोरै मुलामफागोनां फोरमानखालामबाय। The proportion considered helpful in this combination are carrot ten ounces and spinach six ounces to make sixteen ounces or one pint of juice. बे जथायथियाव हेफाजाबगोनां होनना गनायथिजानाय रुजुथायफोरा जादों जिद’ आवन्स एबा से पिन्त खालामनो जि आवन्स गाजर आरो द’ आवन्स पालें। Restrictive clothing should not be worn. बादाहोजानाय सिजोमखौ गाननो नाङा। Repeat twice or thrice a day. सानसेआव खननै एबा खनथाम मावफिनबाय था। Nutritional measures are most vital in the treatment of fatigue. निउत्रिसनारि राहाफोरा मेंनायनि सिकितसायाव जोबोद गोनांथार। Eczema as a result of dyspepsia, gout or diabetes can be cured only after these diseases have been successfully treated. इकजेमाया डिचपेपसियानि मोनसे जाउन बायदि, गाउद एबा डाइबेतिसफोरा बेफोर बेरामफोरा देरहासारै सिकितसा खालामजाखांनायनि उनावसो सोखाजागोन। Children suffering from eczema due to insanitary bottle feeds can get relief if kept on fruit juices or water with a teaspoon of honey added. मैला-मैथा बथ’लजों जाहोनायफोरनि थाखाय इकजेमानिफ्राय भुगिनाय गथ’फोरा आराम मोननो हायो जुदि सामुससे बेरेमोदै होफादेरनायजों फिथाय बिदैफोर एबा दैयाव दोनजायो। Epilepsy is a very ancient disease which afflicted some of the world's greatest personalities, including Napoleon, Alexander and Julius Caesar. मिरगि बेरामा मोनसे जोबोद गोजाम बेराम जाय भुमनि माखासे गेदेरसिन सुबुंसारफोर, लोगोसे नेपलियान, एलेकजेनदार आरो जुलियास सिजारखौ भुगिहोदों। The ancient people believed that evil spirits entered the body of the persons afflicted, seized upon his soul and threw his body into convulsions. गोदोगोदायनि सुबुंफोरा फोथायोमोनदि गाज्रि जिवमाफोरा भुगिगिरि सुबुंफोरनि देहयाव हाबनानै बिनि जिवमायाव गाग्लोबनानै आरो बिनि देहाखौ मावग्लुंनायफोराव नारसिनो। The Greeks believed that the goods induced this disease. ग्रिकफोरा फोथायोमोनदि बे बेरामखौ माल-माथाफोरा जाथायजाहोयो। The early Christians blamed the Devil for these convulsions. आगु क्रिसटियानफोरा बेफोर मावग्लुंनायनि थाखाय सैथानखौ दायहोदोंमोन। Epilepsy is recognised by recurrent sudden attacks at irregular intervals. मिरगि बेरामा सरासनस्रानङै गेजेराव जाफ्लेबाय थानाय हरखाब गाग्लोबथिफोरजों सिनायजायो। The patients twitch convulsively and fall unconscious to the ground during these attacks which cause tremendous nervous upheaval. बेरामिफोरा बेफोर गाग्लोबनायफोर समाव मावखांनानै जांख्रियो आरो हुसगोमानानै हायाव गोलैयो जाय गिलु-बालु रोदाआरि असानथि जाहोयो। There are two main types of epilepsy known as petit mal and grand mal. बेयाव पेटिट माल आरो ग्रेन्त माल बायदि मिथिजायमोननै गुबै रोखोमनि मिरगि बेराम दं। Two or three litres of water should be taken daily and the patient must bathe twice or thrice a day. नै एबा थाम लिटार दैया सानफ्रोमबो लोंजानांगोन आरो बेरामिया सानसेयाव खननै एबा खनथाम दुगै थारनांगोन। Each follows its own specific pattern. मोनफ्रोमबो गावनिगाव थि दाथायफोर फालियो। In petit mal, which is a less serious form of epilepsy, an attack comes and goes within a few seconds. पेटिट मालाव, जाय मिरगि बेरामनि मोनसे खम गोब्राब दाथाय, गाग्लोबथिया दसे सेकेन्दफोरनि गेजेराव थांलाय फैलाय जायो। The patient has a momentary loss of consciousness, with no convulsions except sometimes a slight rigidity, or there may be a slight convulsive attack such as a jerk, or movement of the eyes, head, trunk or extremities, with no perceptible loss of consciousness. बेरामिहा समसम एसे गोराथिनि अनगायै खमफिखांथायफोर गैयालासे दानदिसे हुस गोमानाय दं, एबा बिहाय इसे खमफिखांनाय गागलोबथि थानो हागौ जेरैबादि संख्ल’नाय, एबा मेगनफोर, खर’, मोदोम एबा उफेराअंगफोरनि खमफिखांनाय, मोनदांथि गैयि हुस गोमानाय। The patient may not fall. बेरामया गोग्लैया जानो हागौ। He may suddenly stop what he is doing and then resume it when the attack is over, without even being aware of what has happened. बियो गाव मा खालायगासिनो दंखौ हरखाबै थाद’होनो हागौ आरो उनाव जेब्ला गाग्लोबनाया जोबो बेखौ जुरिफिनो, मा जालांखोखौ मिथियालाबानो। Petit mal attacks may occur at any time in life but are most frequent in children. पेटिट माल गाग्लोबथिफोरा जिवनि जिखुनुजा समाव नुजाथिनो हागौ नाथाय गथ’फोरनाव बांसिन गले-गले। The attack in case of grand mal comes with a dramatic effect. ग्रेन्द मालनि थासारियाव गाग्लोबथिआ मोनसे फावथायनाय जाउनजों फैयो। There are violent contractions of the arms, legs and body, accompanied by a sudden loss of consciousness. हरखाब हुसगोमानायजों लोगोसे आखानथिफोर, आथिंफोर आरो देहानि गिलुबालुगुसेबजानायफोरदं। Before the onset of an attack, some patients have a warning or aura in the form of strange sensations such as a current or air or a stream of water flowing over the body, noises, odours and flashes of light. गाग्लोबनायनि जागायजेननायनि सिगां, माखासे बेरामिफोरहा सोमोथाव सानदांथिफोरनि महराव मोनसेसामोल बाथ्रा एबा अरा दं जेरै देहा, दावराव-दावसि, मोदोमनाय एबा मोनामनायफोर आरो सोरांनि मोफ्लामनायफोरनि सायाव दै बोहैनायनि मोनसेबोहैथिएबा बार एबा मोनसे दाहार । In a typical attack, the patient cries out, falls to the ground, loses consciousness and develops convulsions. नेरसोनगोनां गाग्लोबथिआव, बेरामिया गाबख्रावो, हायाव गोग्लैयो, हपस गमायो आरो मावग्लुंनायफोर जाहोयो। The skin, with the exception of the parts affected with eczema, should be vigorously rubbed with the palms of the hands before taking a bath. इकजेमाजों गोहोम खोखलैजानाय बाहागोफोरनि अनगायै, बिगुरा, दुगैनायनि सिगां आखायनि आखाय थालाफोरजों गोख्रोंयै नाग्लिनांगोन। With the convulsions may come foaming at the mouth, twitching of the muscles, biting of the tongue, distorted fixation of limbs, rotation of the head and derivation of the eyes. मावग्लुंनायफोरजों खुगायाव फेंफोना फैनो हागौ, मोदोमनि मावखांनाय, सालाय अरनाय, देहाबाहागोनि बोखे-बोखाखौ थिखालामनाय, खर’ गिदिंनाय आरो मेगनफोरनि सोमजिखांनाय। The patient may lose control over his bladder rectal muscles. बेरामिया गावनि सिथोब खिलामा मोदोमफोरनि सायाव दबथायनायखौ खोमानो हागौ। The attack may last several minutes and is usually followed by a deep sleep. गाग्लोबथिया गोबाव मिनिटफोरसिम थानो हागौ आरो सरासनस्रायै मोथो-मोथो उनदुनायजों लोगोलालांजायो। On waking up, the patient may remember nothing of what happened to him. सिखारना समाव, बेरामिया गावनाव मा जायामोनखौ जेबो गोसोआवथाया जानोहागौ। People who suffer from epilepsy are not abnormal in any other way. जाय सुबुंफोरा मिरगि बेरामनिफ्राय भुगियोआ जिखुनुजा गुबुन लामायाव सरासनस्रा नङा। They usually know that fits can be triggered off by particular stimuli. बिसोर सरासनस्रायै मिथियो दि फिटफोराजुनिया जाखांहोग्रा-मुवाजों जाहोजानो हागौ। Between epileptic attacks, their brain functions normally. मिरगिआरि गाग्लोबनायफोरनि गेजेराव, बिसोरनि मेलेमा नेमै खामानि मावो। Epilepsy denotes electrical malfunctioning within the brain due to damage to brain cells or some inherited abnormality. मिरगि बेरामआ मेलेम जिबख्रिफोरनि गाज्रि जानाय माखासे सरासनस्रा नङै उनमोनथायमोनजानायनि थाखाय मेलेम सिङाव इलेकत्रिकेल गाज्रि जानाय दिनथियो। Digestive disturbances, intestinal toxaemia and a strained nervous condition are very often the main cause of petit mal. हजम जाहोग्रा जेंनाफोर, बिबुआरि बिस जानाय आरो मोनसे नारसिनजानाय रोदा थासारिफोरा जोबोद गले-गले पेटिट मालनि गुबै जाहोन। Grand mal usually results from hereditary influences, serious shock or injury to the brain or nervous system. ग्रेन्द मालआ फोलेर-फारियै गोहोमफोर, मेलेम एबा बिसोम बिखानथियाव गोब्राब समखिनाय एबा जखमनिफ्राय सरासनस्रायै जायो। Coconut oil may be applied to the portion with eczema. नारेंखल थावा इकजेमा थानाय खोनदोआव फुनजानो हागौ। Meningitis, typhoid and other diseases, attendant with prolonged high temperature, can also lead to grand mal. गोबावसम गोबां बिदुंजों थाफानाय, मेनिंगाइतिस, टाइफइड आरो गुबुन बेरामफोराबो ग्रेन्द मालावबो दैदेनो हागौ। It may result from allergic reaction to certain food substances, especially some particular form of protein which is the main constituent of meat. बेयो माखासे गुबैमुवाआदारनिएलारजि-फिनजाथायनिफ्राय जानो हागौ, जरखायै खायसे प्र’टिननि थि दाथाय जाय बेदरनि गुबै गोनां बाहागो। Circulatory disorders such as hardening of the arteries leading to the brain may also cause epileptic seizures. खारसारदिंग्रा गाज्रि जानायफोर जेरै धमनीफोरनि रानाया मेलेमाव दैदेनायाबो मिरगि गाग्लोबनाय जाहोनो हागौ। This type is rare and occurs only in very aged people. बे रोखोमा मोननोथाङै आरो जोबोद बैसो जानाय सुबुंनावल’नुजायो। Chronic alcoholism, lead poisoning, cocaine and other such habits can also lead to this disease. जौ लोंबायथाग्राया, बिसगोनां, ककेन जाहोयो आरो गुबुन बे बायदि हुदाफोरफोराबो बे बेरामाव दैदेननो हागौ। Other causes of epileptic seizure include mental conflict, deficient mineral assimilation, particularly of magnesium and calcium and wrong vitamin metabolism According to some researchers, hypoglycaemia or low blood sugar is also involved in most cases of epilepsy. मिरगि गाग्लोबनायनि गुबुन जाहोनफोरा मेलेमारि हेंथा,खनिबेसादगोरोबनायनि आंखाल, थियै मेगनेसियाम आरो केलसियामनि आरो गाज्रि भिटामिन जिब रासायनारि जाथाय। माखासे नायबिजिरगिरिफोरनि बायदिब्ला, हायप’ग्लायकेमिया एबा ल'-ब्लाद-प्रेसाराबो मिरगि-बोरामनि बांसिन जाथायफोराव सरजाबफायो। In the natural treatment, the sufferer from epilepsy has to follow a rigorous regimen consisting of a strict diet, complete relaxation and optimum exercise in the open air. मिथिंगियारि सिकितसायाव, मिरगिनिफ्राय भुगिग्रायागोख्रों थि खाजा, फुरा आराम आरो उदां बाराव साबसिन बियामनि थि रेजिमेन फालिनांगोन। He must adhere to a simple and correct natural life. बियो मोनसे सरासनस्रा आरो थि मिथिंगायारि जिवयाव नांथाबना थाथारनांगोन। He must assume a cheerful, optimistic attitude, refrain from mental and physical overwork and worry. बियो मोनसे मिनि खुसि, मुजिंगोनां आखु नाजावथारनांगोन;मेलेमारि आरो देहायारि बाराद्रायमावनाय आरो सिनथानिफ्राय सामलायनांगोन। The most important aspect of the treatment is the diet. सिकितसानि बांसिन गोनां बिथिंआ आदार। It will help the skin to stay soft. बेयो बिगुरखौ गुरै दोननायाव हेफाजाब होगोन। To begin with, the patient should be placed on an exclusive fruit diet for first few days. जुरिजेननो, बेरामिया गिबि एसे सानफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे जुनिया फिथाइ आदारयाव दोनजानांगौ। During this period, he should have three meals a day of fresh juicy fruits such as oranges, apples, grapes, grape-fruits, peaches, pears, pineapples and melons. बे समाव, बियो सानसेयाव थाजिम फिथाय बिदैनि बोथिथाम खाजाफोर आजावनांगौ जेरै बादि- खमला, आपेल, आंगुर, आंगुर फिथाइ, थाइजौखहे, नासपति, रैमालि आरो तारमुसफोर। Thereafter, he may gradually adopt a well-balanced diet of three basic food groups, namely seeds, nuts and grains; vegetables and fruits, with emphasis on sprouted seeds such as alfalfa seeds and mung beans, raw vegetables and fruits. बेनिउनाव, बियो आलफालफा बेगरफोर मांग बिनफोर, गोथां मैगंफोर आरो फिथाइ बायदि गाजाबेरनाय बेगरफोरखौ जरहोसिननानै लासैयै मोनथाम गुदि आदार हानजानि मोजां सुथायगोनां आदार फालिनो हायो, मुंफारियै- बेगरफोर, बादामफोर आरो ग्रैनफोर; मैगंफोर आरो फिथाइफोर। The diet should include a moderate amount of raw milk, preferably raw goat's milk, and milk products such as raw butter and home-made cottage cheese. आदारा थि बिबांनि गोथां गायखेरखौ सरजाबफानांगौ, गुबैयै बोरमानि गायखेर, आरो गायखेर मुवाफोर जेरैबादि गोथां माखन आरो नआव बानायनाय फुरगेव सिस। The diet should eliminate completely all animal proteins, except milk, as they not only lack in magnesium but also rob the body of its own magnesium storage as well as of vitamin B6. Both these substances are needed in large amounts by the epileptics. आदारा गायखेरनि अनगा गासै जुनार प्रतिनफोरखौ आबुङै बोखारनांगौ, मानोना बिसोर मेगनेसियामखौल’ आंखाल जाहोआ नाथाय बेनि गावनि मेगनेसियाम बाख्रिनि देहा लोगोसे भितामिन बि6 खौ खावो। बेफोर मोननैबो गुदिमुवाफोर मिरगिगोनांफोरनो गोबाङै गोनांथि जायो। Best food sources of magnesium are raw nuts, seeds, soya beans, green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and beet tops. मेगनेसियामनि साबसिन आदार फुंखाफोरा जादों गोथां बादामफोर, बेगरफोर, सयाबिनफोर, गोथां बिलायारि मैगंफोर जेरै पालें, काले आरो बित बिजौफोर। The patient should avoid all refined foods, fried and greasy foods, sugar and products made with it, strong tea, coffee, alcoholic beverages , condiments and pickles. बेरामिया गासै सोदांनाय आदारफोर, एवनाय आरो थावगोनां आदारफोर, सिनि आरो बेनिफ्राय बानायनाय मुवाफोर, गोख्रों साहा कफि, जौआरि लोंग्रामुवाफोर, मसला आरो आसारफोरखौ नेवसिनांगौ। He should avoid overeating and take frequent small meals rather than a few large ones. बियो बांद्राय जानायखौ नागरनांगौ आरो खेबनैसो गोबाङै जानायनिख्रुइ गले-गले खम खाजाफोर आजावनांगौ। If the patient has previously taken strong drugs for many years, he should not leave off entirely, all at once. जुदि बेरामिया सिगाङाव गोबां बोसोरनि थाखाय गोख्रों मुलिफोर आजावखांबाय, बियो खेबसेयावनो गासैखौबो नागारनो नाङा। The dosage may be cut to half to begin with and then gradually reduced further until it can be left off completely. जागायजेननो पालिखौ खावसे हानो हायो रो बेनिउनाव बेयो आबिङै नागारजायिसिम लासैयै आरोबाव खमायजायो। Walking or jogging should be resorted to in order to activate the bowels. थाबायनाय एबालासै खारनाया बिबु-बिख्लोफोरखौ सांग्रां खालामनो होजानांगोन। Epileptics should strictly observe all the natural laws of good health and build and maintain the highest level of general health. मिरगिगोनांफोरा मोजां देहानि गासै मिथिंगायारि नेमफोरखौ गोरायै फालिनांगौ आरो They should remain active mentally but avoid all severe mental and physical stress. बिसोर मेलेमारियै मावथि थानांगौ आरो गासै बांद्राय मेलेम आरो देहायारि सिनथाखौ नेउसिनांगौ। Fatigue refers to a feeling of tiredness or weariness. मेंग्लिनाया मेंनाय मोननाय एबा बारुरुमोननायखौ फोरमायो। It can be temporary or chronic. बे दानदिसेयारि एबा गोबावसमारि जानो हायो। Almost every person has to work overtime on certain occasions, sacrificing rest and sleep, which may cause temporary fatigue. फ्राय साफ्रोम सुबुङा जिरायनाय आरो उनदुनायखौ बाउनानै खायसे समफोराव बांद्रायसम खामानि मावनांगौ जायो, जाय दानदिसेयारि मेंनाय सोमजिहोनो हागौ। This condition can be remedied by adequate rest. बे थासारिखौ थोजासे जिरायनायजों फाहामनो हायो। Chronic or continuous fatigue is, however, a serious problem which requires a comprehensive plan of treatment. अब्लाबो गोबावसम एबा सोलिबायथानाय मेंनाया मोनसे गोब्राब जेंना जायनो सिकितसानि मोनसे गुवार बिथांखि गोनांजायो। Chronic fatigue can result from a variety of factors. गोबावसम मेंनाया रोखोमरोखोम जाहोनफोरनिफ्राय जानो हायो। A specific character trait, compulsiveness, can lead to continuous fatigue. मावथारनोगोनां मोनसे थि आखुआ सोलिबायथानाय मेंनाय जाहोनो हायो। Many persons constantly feel that they cannot take rest until they finish everything that needs to be done at one time. गोबां सुबुंफोरा गलेगले मोनदाङोदि बिसोर मोनसे समाव मावनो गोनां गासैखौबो फोजोबागौमानि जिरायनो हाया। Sunbathing is also beneficial as it kills the harmful bacteria and should be resorted to early in the morning, in the first light of dawn. सानदुं सायनायाबो मुलामफागोनां मानोना बेयो हानि खालामग्रा बिजानुखौ बुथारो आरो अखानायसिनि गिबि सोरांनि बेरेफुंजायाव होजानांगोन। These persons are usually perfectionists, tense and cannot relax unless they complete the whole job, no matter how tired they may be. बेफोर सुबुंफोरा सरासनस्रायै साबद्रायग्रा, सिनथालाग्रा आरो गासै खामानिखौ फोजोबागौमानि जिरायनो हाया, बिसोर बेसेबां मेङो बेजों लोबबा गैया। The chief cause of fatigue is lowered vitality or lack of energy due to wrong feeding habits. मेंनायनि गाहाय जाहोना जादों गोरोनथि जानाय हुदाफोरनि थाखाय जानाय खम जिबगोहो एबा गोहोनि आंखाल। Fatigue is an indication that the cells of the body are not getting sufficient live atoms in the food to furnish them with the constant flow of needed energy. मेंनाया मोनसे दिनथिथायदि देहानि जिबख्रिफोरा गोनांजानाय गोहोनि थि बोहैथिजों गावसोरनो जोथोनहोनो आदाराव थोजासे जिब एतम मोना। The habitual use of refined foods such as white sugar, refined cereals and white flour products as well as processed, tinned and preserved foods have a very bad effect on the system in general. सोदांनाय आदारफोर जेरैबादि गुफुर संख्रै, सोदांनाय दालिफोर आरो गुफुर आतागुनदै मुवाफोर आरो प्रसेस, थेमायावदोननाय आरो गोबावनसमलाखिनाय आदारफोरा सरासनस्रा बिखानथियाव जोबोद गाज्रि जाउन दं। Foods 'denatured ' in this way are deprived, to a very great extent, of their invaluable vitamins and minerals. बे रोखोमै आदारफोर महरसिफायनाया जोबोद गुवारै बिसोरनि जोबोदबेसेनगोसा भितामिनफोर आरो खनिबेसादफोरखौ खहाखालामनाय जायो। Such foods lead to nervousness, tiredness, obesity and a host of other complaints prevalent today. खायसे आदारफोरा स्नायुआरिलोरबांथि, मेंनाय, लोदोद्राय आरो आथिखालाव सोलिबायथानाय गुबुन अजदफोरखौ दैदेनो। Certain physical conditions can cause fatigue. खायसे देहायारि थासारिफोरा मेंनाय जाहोना हायो। Anaemia is a very common ailment leading to tiredness. एनेमियाया मेंनाय सोमजिहोग्रा मोनसे जोबोद सरासनस्रा लोमजानाय। It is known as 'tired bold ' disturbance. बेखौ मेंग्लिनाय खस्थ’होग्रा होनना मिथिनाय जायो। In anaemia, very little oxygen reaches the tissues with the result that energy cannot be produced normally. आमावबेरामाव, गोहोखौ सरासनस्रायै दिहुननो हायि फिथायजों जोबोद खम अक्सिजेना बिदामाव सहैयो। A light mudpack applied over the sites of the eczema is also helpful. इकजेमानि जायगा सायाव गोबा माडपेक फुननायाबो हेफाजाबगोनां। This causes constant tiredness and mental depression. बेयो गलेगले मेंनाय आरो मेलेमारि लोरबांथि जाहोयो। Anaemia usually results from deficiencies of iron and vitamin B12. एनेमियाया सरासनस्रायै आइरन आरो भितामिन बि12 नि आंखालाव जायो। Sometimes deficiencies of vitamin B6 and folic acid are also involved. माब्लाबा भितामिन बि6 आरो फलिक एसिदनि आंखालफोराबो थाफायो। Insomnia or lack of sleep can be a cause of torturing fatigue. इनसमनिया एबा उनदुनाय आंखाला खस्तहोनाय मेंनायनि मोनसे जाहोन जानो हायो। Sleep induced by sleeping pills and other drugs does not banish fatigue. उनदु बरि आरो गुबुन मुलिफोरजों उनदुहोनाया मेंनायखौ होखारा। In fact the longer sleeping pills are used, the more nagging and chronic the fatigue becomes. गोबावसम उनदु बरि बाहायनाय जायोब्ला गोबां खस्थ’मोननाय आरो गोब्राब मेंनाय जायो। Besides causing fatigue, sleeping pills lead to nervous tension which increases fatigue still more. मेंनाय सोमजिहोनायनि अनगायैबो उनदु बरिफोरा स्नायुआरि सिनथा जाहोयो जाय मेंनायखौ बांसिनसो बारायो। The harmful effects of wakefulness are indeed small compared with the effects of sleeping pills. सिरिमोननाथानायनि गाज्रि जाउनफोरा थारै उनदु बरिफोर बाहायनायजों फिसायै रुजुजायो। Insomnia can be remedied by correcting diet and developing the will to relax. इनसमनियाखौ सावस्रि थिखालामना आरो जिरायनाय गोहो जौगाहोना फाहामनो हायो। Intestinal parasites can also lead to fatigue as they rob the body of good nourishment and gorge themselves on rich red blood. बिबुआरि मालायजाग्राफोराबो मेंनाय जाहोनो हायो मानोना बिसोर मोजां सावस्रिआदारनि देहाखौ सिख’यो आरो गावसोरनो थोजासे गोजा थैखौ बाराद्रायजायो। The pack should be applied for an hour at a time. पेका खनसे फुनगासेयाव से घन्टानि थाखाय फुनजानांगोन। Other ailments which can cause fatigue are low blood pressure, low blood sugar, any kind of infection in the body, liver damage, a sluggish thyroid and allergy to certain foods and drugs caused by additives including artificial flavours, colours and preservatives. गुबुन लोमजानायफोरा जादों गाहाय थै नारथाय, ल’ ब्लाद सुगार , देहायाव जायखिजाया रोखोमनि सनदेरनाय, बिखा गाज्रिजानाय, खायसे आदारफोर आरो मुलैफोराव गुबैनङि थावनाय, गाबफोर आरो दोनथिनायफोरखौ लाफानानै दाजाबजानायफोरजों जाहोजानाय स्लागिस थायरयद आरो मानलुनाय जाय मेंनाय जाहोनो हायो। Mental tension is one of the major causes of fatigue. मेलेम सिनथाया मेंनायनि गुबै जाहोनफोरनि मोनसे। The person who is tense and cannot relax has all the muscles of his body more or less contracted. जाय सिनथालाग्रा आरो जिरायनो हाया बि सुबुङा बिनि देहानि गासै मोदोमखौ गोबां एबा इसे खमायनांगौ। This leads to needless waste of unusually large amounts of energy. बेयो सरासनस्राजाफेरि गोबां बिबां गोहोफोरखौ गोनांनङि बाहायगारहोयो। Food is continuously burnt; lactic acid accumulates more rapidly than it can be carried to the liver for conversion to body starch. आदारा गलेगलेयै सावजायो; देहा फुरजामुवासिम सोलायनायनि थाखाय बिखासिम रोगाजानो हानायनिख्रुइ बांसिन गोख्रैयै लेकतिक एसिदआ ज’जायो। Persons who are high-strung, nervous and irritable usually suffer from this type of fatigue. सुबुंफोर जाय गोजौ स्त्रां, स्नायुलोरबां, रागाखराफोरा सरासनस्रायै बिदि रोखोमनि मेंनायाव भुगिनो हायो। Unresolved emotional problems can also result in fatigue. फोसाबहायि आबेगारि जेंनाफोराबो मेंनाय सोमजिहोनो हायो। Resentment to a situation, environment and even to a person can greatly contribute to the feeling of tiredness. मोनसे थासारि, बारहावा आरो सासे मानसिनियावबो खायसोमोननाया मेंनाय मोननायाव गोबाङै बिहोमाहोनो हायो। It is better to express one's emotions rather than store them. सासेमानसिया आबेगफोरखौ दोनथुमनायनिख्रुय फोरमायनाया मोजांसिन। Other emotional factors like worry, a feeling of boredom and a defeatist mentality can result in fatigue. गुबुन आबेगारि जाहोनफोर जेरै जिंगा, बानाय मोननाय आरो मेलेमारि जेननाया मेनाय जाहोनो हायो। Studies reveal that people who eat small mid meals suffer less from fatigue and nervousness, think more clearly and are more efficient than those who eat only three meals daily. बिजिरनायफोरा दिनथिफुंबाय दि जाय सुबुङा इसे सानजौफु खाजाफोर जायो मेंनाय आरो स्नायु लोरबांथिनिफ्राय खम भुगियो, जाय सानसेयाव खनथाम खाजाफोरल’ जायो बिसिनिफ्राय बांसिन रोखायै सानो आरो बांसिन खामानि गोनां। In uncooked cereals we do have one perfect food for perfect health which contains the essential vitamins and energy creators. संजायै चेरियालफोराव, जोंहा आबुं देहानि थाखाय मोनसे आबुं आदार दं जाय गोनांथार भिटामिनफोर आरौ गोहो जाखांहोग्राफोर थायो। The patient should avoid the use of alcohol, nicotine, spices and condiments, flesh foods, chillies, sour things, pickles, strong tea and coffee. बेरामिया जौ, थांखुनि रोसि, मसलाफोर आरो बाथोनफोर, गोथां-बेदर आदारफोर, बानलुफोर, गोखौ मुवाफोर, आसारफोर, गोख्रों साहा आरो कफिनि बाहायनायखौ नागारनांगोन। In addition to cereal seeds, Marsh recommends fresh raw nuts taken directly from the shell and root vegetables. चेरियाल बेगरफोरनि लोगोयाव, मार्सआ बिखं आरो रोदा मैगं-थायगंनिफ्राय थाजिम गोथां बादामफोर गोथोंङै लानाय बोसोन होयो। He says, "Any seed or root vegetable that will grow again will renew human vitality". बियो बुङो, “जिखि बेगर एबा रोदा मैगं-थायगंआ र’ज’फिनगोन मानसिनि गोनांथिखौ गोदानै जागायफिनगोन” "The patient should take an optimum diet made up of seeds, nuts and grains, vegetables and fruits. बेरामिया बेगरफोर बेगरफोर, बादाम आरो ग्रेएनफोर, मैगं-थायगंफोर आरो फिथाइफोरजों बानायजानाय थोजासे खाजा लानांगौ। Roughly, each food group should supply the bulk of one of the three meals. फ्रायै, मोनफ्रोम आदार हानजाया खनथाम खाजाफोरनि मादाव खनसेनि बिबां जगायनंगौ। Sprouting is an excellent way to eat seeds, beans and grains in raw form Sprouting increases the nutritional value of foods and many new vitamins are created or multiplied in seeds during sprouting. गाजाबेरनाया गोथां महराव बेगरफोर, गरसिफोर आरो ग्रेएनफोर जानो मोनसे जोबोद मोजां राहा। गाजाबेरनाया आदारफोरनि निउत्रिसनेल बेसेनखौ बांहोयो आरो बेगरफोराव गाजाबेरनाय समाव गोबां गोदान भिटामिनफोरा सोमजियो एबा बारायलाङो। The patient should supplement the three health-building food groups with special protective foods such as milk, high quality cold-pressed unrefined vegetable oils and honey. बेरामिया जुनिया रैखाथिगोनां आदारफोर जेरै गाइखेर, गोजौ गुन गुसु नारसिनजानाय सरजायै मैगं-थायगंनि थावफोर आरो बेरेमोदैजों मोनथाम देहा दाग्रा आदार हानजाफोर दाजाबदेरनांगौ। The patient should also take natural vitamin and mineral supplements as an effective assurance against nutritional deficiencies as such deficiencies have been found to be a factor in fatigue. निउत्रिसनेल आंखालथिफोरनि बेरेखायै मोनसे जाउनगोनां खोथाहोनाय बायदि बेरामिया सरासनस्रा भिटामिन आरो मिनारेल उफ्रा मुवाफोरबो जानांगौ जेरै बेबायदि आंखालथिफोरा मेंग्लिनायाव मोनसे गोहोम खोखलैग्रा होनना मोनथिजाखाबाय। Lack of pantothenic acid, a B vitamin, in particular leads to extreme fatigue as deficiency of this vitamin is associated with exhaustion of the adrenal glands. पेनतथेनिक एचिद, बि भिटामिननि आंखालआ, जुनियायै बाराद्राय मेंग्लिनायाव दैदेनलाङो जिहेतु बे भिटामिननि आंखाला सा गिला बिथोबफोरनि लोरबां खालामनायजों गोरोबफानाय। It should, however, be remembered that while taking pantothenic acid separately, the entire B-complex should be added to avoid imbalance of other B vitamins. जिखिजादोया, बेखौ गोसोआव लाखिनांगौ दि पेनतथेनिक एचिदखौ आलादा आलादायै लानाय समाव, गुबुन बि भिटामिनफोरनि समानथायगैयैखौ होबथानो गासै बि कमफ्लेक्सया दाजाबजानांगोन। These mid meals should consist of fresh or dried fruits, fresh fruit or vegetable juices, raw vegetables or a small sandwich of whole grain bread. बेफोर सानजौफु खाजाफोरा थाजिम एबा गोरान फिथाइफोर, थाजिम फिथाइ एबा मैगं-थायगंनि बिदैफोर, गोथां मैगं-थायगंफोर एबा फुरा ग्रेएन रुटिनि मोनसे फिसा चेण्डउइच थानांगौ। In fact the entire B-complex protects nerves and increases energy by helping to nourish and regulate glands. थारैनो, गासै बि कमप्लेकचआ रोदाफोरखौ रैखा खालामो आरो बिथोबफोरखौ फेदेरनो आरो नेमजों सामलायनो हेफाजाब होनानै गोहोखौ बारायो। The vegetarian foods rich in vitamin B are wheat and other whole grain cereals, green leafy vegetables, un-polished rice, milk, nuts, banana, yeast, pulses and peas. भिटामिन बि थोजासे थानाय निरामिस आदारफोरा जादों गम आरो गुबुन गासै बेगर चेरियालफोर, गोथां बिलायारि मैगं-थायगंफोर, जावजायै मायरं, गाइखेर, बादामफोर, थालिर, जौनि फेंफोना, सबायफोर आरो मटरफोर। Other vitamins play specific roles in fatigue in connection with various ailments. गुबुन भिटामिनफोरा मेंग्लिनायाव बायदि रोखोमनि लोमजानायफोर सोमोनदै थिक बिफावथिफोर गेलेयो। The fatigue will disappear by correcting deficiencies. मेंग्लिनाया आंखालथिफोरखौ फोसाबनायजों गैया जालांगोन। Potassium is especially needed for protection against fatigue. पतेसियामआ मेंग्लिनायनि बेरेखायै होबथानायनि थाखाय जरखायै गोनां जानाय। Raw green vegetables are rich in this mineral. गोथां सोमखोर मैगं-थायगंफोरा बे मिनारेलाव थोजासे। Calcium is essential for relaxation and is beneficial in cases of insomnia and tension both of which can lead to fatigue. केलचियामआ सुग्लायहोनो थाखाय गोनांथार आरो उनदुनोओंखारै बेराम आरो सिनथानि जाथायफोराव मुलामफा गोनां जाय मोननैबो मेंग्लिनायाव दैदेनलांनो हागौ। Sodium and zinc are also beneficial in the treatment of fatigue. सडियाम आरो जिंकफोराबो मेंग्लिनायनि सिखितसायाव मुलामफा गोनां। Raw vegetable juices, especially carrot juice, taken separately or in combination with juices of beets and cucumbers, are highly valuable in overcoming fatigue. गोथां मैगं-थायगंनि बिदैफोर, जरखायै, गाजर बिदैआ, बिटफोर आरो थाइबेंफोरनि बिदैफोरजों आलादा-आलादायै एबा दाजाबनायाव लानायफोरा मेंग्लिनाय जैखालामनायाव गोबाङैनो बेसेनगोनां। The proportions considered helpful in the combination juice of sixteen ounces are carrot ten ounces, and beet and cucumber three ounces each. जिद’ आउन्सनि बिदै जथायाव हेफाजाबगोनां गनायनाय रुजुथायफोरा जादों गाजर जि आउन्सफोर, आरो बित आरो थायबेङा थायफाया थाम आन्सफोर। The mid meal should be small and less food should be consumed at regular meals. सानजौफु खाजाफोरा फिसा जानांगोन आरो नियमीया खाजाफोराव खम आदारा जाजानांगोन। The patient should avoid depending on crutches for energy lift such as taking aspirin, tranquilizers and other drugs, drinking coffee or alcohol, smoking, eating some sugar or sweets. गोहो दैखांनो थाखाय जेरै एसपिरिन लानाय, ट्रेंकुइलाइजारफोर आरो गुबुन मुलैफोर, कफि एबा जौ लोंनाय, थांखु सोबनाय, माखासे सिनि एबा मिथाइफोर जानाय बेरामिया क्रात्चफोर सायाव सोनारनायखौ एंगारनो हानांगोन। They give only a temporary boost and this is soon followed by a downward plunge of energy, leaving a person worse than before. बिसोर दानदिसे गोहो बारायनायल’ होयो आरो बेयो थाबैनो गोहोनि गाहायथिं गोगलैनांनायजों जाउन मोनलाङो, सासे बेरामिखौ सिगांनिफ्राय गाज्रिसिन गालांनानै। Such crutches are very harmful in the long run and may result in diseases such as hypoglycaemia or low blood sugar and alcoholism. बेबायदि क्रात्चफोरा जोबनायाव जोबोद हानि खालामग्रा आरो बेरामफोर जेरै हाइपग्लाइकेमिया एबा ल’ ब्लाड सुगार एबा जौआरि बेरामाव नुजाथिनो हागौ। The main problems which afflict the gall-bladder are an inflammatory condition known as cholecystitis and gallstones. जाय बिख्लो सिथोबखौ साहोग्रा गुबै जेंनाफोरा जादों ख’लेसाइटिटिस आरो ग’लस्तनफोर बायदि मिथिजानाय मोनसे गोजा आरो बुखांहोनाय थासारि। The inflammatory condition often leads to cholelithiasis or gall-stones which are usually caused by disturbances in the combination of the bile. गोजा आरो बुखांहोनाय थासारिआ फ्राय ख’लेलिथियासिस एबा ग’ल स्तनफोराव दैदेनलाङो जायफोरा सरासनस्रायै बाइलनि लोगोयाव सुखुयैफोरजों सोमजिहोजायो। A change in the ratio of cholesterol and bile salts may result in the formation of deposits. कुलेसट्रल आरो बाइल संख्रिफोरनि रुजुथायाव सोलायनाया दोनथुमनायफोरनि महर होनायाव नुजाथिनो हागौ। The gall-bladder is a pear-shaped organ, ten cm long and three to five cm wide. बिख्लो सिथोबआ मोनसे नाचपति महरनि देहानि अंग’, जि चि.एम गोलाव आरो थामनिफ्राय बा चि.एम गुवार। It lies on the under-surface of the liver on the right side just under the lower margin of the ribs. आमायथुखुलनि आगदाथिङै बाहागो सिङाव खामिहाराफोरनि थिग गाहाय रुगुङाव बेयो गोगलैना थायो। The function of the gall-bladder is to store and concentrate the bile secreted by the liver and to deliver it into the duodenum at appropriate times to assist in the process of digestion. बिख्लो सिथोबनि खामानिया आमायथुखुलजों बाइल ओंखारनायखौ दोनथुमनो आरो ज’ खालामनाय आरो डुवडेनाम सिङाव हजम जानायनि फारिखानथियाव थिग समफोराव मदद होनो बेखौ राननाय। Bile is an excretion composed mainly of bile salts and acids, colour pigments and cholesterol. बाइलआ मोनसे सिगारनाय गुबैयै बाइल संख्रिफोर आरो एचिदफोर, गाब रंफोर आरो कुलेसट्रलजों दाजानाय। They should be taken at specified times such as 11 am , 4 pm and before retiring. बिसोर थियै मुंख’जानाय समफोराव जेरै फुं11, बेलासि आरो आजिरा लानायनि सिगां लानांगोन। Bile assists in the digestion and absorption of fats and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K, minerals and calcium. बाइलआ हजम जानाय आरो मेजेमफोरनि सोबखांनाय आरो मेजेम गलिनो हाथाव भिटामिनफोर ए, दि, इ आरो के, मिनारेलफोर आरो केलचियामनि सोबखांनायाव मदद होयो। The gall-bladder is usually full and relaxed between meals. बिख्लो सिथोबआ सरासनस्रायै खाजाफोरनि गेजेराव फुरा आरो सुग्लायो। During the process of digestion, when food reaches the duodenum, a hormone called cholecystokinin begins to be produced in the internal mucosa. हजम जानायनि फारिखानथि समाव, जेब्ला आदारा डुवडेनामाव सौहैयो, कलेसाइटखिनिन बुंजानाय मोनसे हरमनआ सिङारि गुंग्राइ जालामायाव सोमजिनो जागायजेनो। When this hormone reaches the gall- bladder through the blood stream, it causes the gall-bladder to contract, thereby releasing the bile concentrate into the duodenum via a common duct. जेब्ला बे हरमनआ थै दाहार गोजोरजों बिख्लो सिथोबाव सौहैयो, बेयो बिख्लो सिथोबखौ सेबहोयो, बेनि दारै बाइलखौ हगारनानै मोनसे सरासनस्रा नालाजों डुवडेनाम सिङाव दोनथुम। At the start, gall-stones may be in the form of fine gravel. जुरिजेननायाव, ग’ल स्तनफोरा मिहि अनथाइ थुख्रानि महराव जानो हागौ। But these fine particles constitute the nucleus for further deposits, ultimately leading to the formation of larger stones. नाथाय बे मिहि गुनद्रासाफोरा बांसिन दोनथुमनायफोरनि थाखाय जिबख्रि-मिरुफोर दायो, जोबथियाव गेदेरसिन अनथाइफोरनि सोमजिनायाव दैदेनो। The incidence of gall-stones is five times higher in females than in males, particularly in the obese and over 40 years of age. हौवाफोरनिख्रुइ आयजोफोरनाव ग’ल स्तनफोरनि जाथाया बा गुन बांसिन, जुनियायै लोदो-लोदोद्राय आरो 40 बोसोर बैसोनि बांसिनाव। The major symptom of gall-bladder disease is acute or intermittent epigastria pain. बिख्लो सिथोब बेरामनि गोनांसिन लोइखोनआ गोख्रों एबा थाद’-थाद’ जानाय एपिगेसत्रिया सानाय। Indigestion, gas, a feeling of fullness after meals, constipation, nausea and disturbed vision are the other usual symptoms. दोगोन जायै, गेच, खाजाफोरनि उनाव आबुंथिनि मोनदांनाय, खि-गोरा जानाय, गोबाल’-गोबाल’ मोननाय आरो असानथिगोनां नुथायफोरा गुबुन सरासनस्रा लोइखोनफोर। Intolerance to fats, dizziness, jaundice, anaemia, acne and other lesions may also occur. मेजेमफोर, खर’ गिदिंनाय, जाउनडिच, एनेमिया, सिथर आरो गुबुन गाराइफोराबो नुजानो हागौ। The patient should eat healthy foods which supply energy to the body. बेरामिया देहागोनां आदारफोर जानांगौ जाय देहानो गोहो जगायना होयो। Varicose veins, haemorrhoids and break-down of capillaries are also disorders associated with gall-bladder troubles. भेरिकस थै रोदाफोर, अर्श बेरामफोर आरो नालासाफोरनि बायनायफोराबो बिख्लो सिथोब जेंनाफोरजों थाफाजाबनाय बेरामफोर। The association of gall-bladder disease with obesity together with their reported rarity in primitive people, living on simple diets, suggest that dietary factors play a major role in the development of this disease. साधारन खाजाफोराव थानाय, बिख्लो सिथोब बेरामनि अबेचिटिजों आग्लानि सुबुङाव बिसोरनि मिथिहोजानाय आगोमाजों जयै आफादा, बोसोन होयो दि आदारारि गोहोमखोखलाग्राफोरा बे बेरामनि जौगानायाव गोनांसिन बिफाव गेलेयो। The main cause of gall-bladder disorders is over nutrition caused by refined carbohydrates, especially sugar as the loss of fibre removes a natural barrier to energy intake. बिख्लो सिथोब बेरामफोरनि गुबै जाहोना सोदांजानाय कार्बहाइड्रेटजों सोमजिहोजानाय बांद्राय निउत्रिसन, जरखायै सिनि, जेरै फाइबार गोमानाया गोहो लानायाव सरासनस्रा हेंथाखौ बोखारो। Over- nutrition also leads to increased cholesterol secretion. बांद्राय निउत्रिसनाबो बांद्राय कुलेसट्रल ओंखारनायाव दैदेनलाङो। Meals rich in fats may cause an attack of gall-bladder pain or gall-stone colic. मेजेमभरा खाजाफोरा बिख्लो सिथोब सानाय एबा ग’ल स्तन साखांनायनि गाग्लबथि सोमजिहोनो हागौ। Chronic constipation is a most important predisposing factor. गोब्राब थि-गोरा जानाया मोनसे बांसिन गोनां गोहोमखोखलैनाय गमस्ता। Poor health, hereditary factors, stress, spinal displacements, bad posture and muscular tension may also cause gall-bladder disorders. लोरबां देहा, फोलेर-फारि गमस्ताफोर, नारसिनथाय, सिनस्रि लोरिनायफोर, गाज्रि अबस्था आरो मोदोम गेहेन सोमोनदै सिनथायाबो बिख्लो सिथोब बेरामफोर जाहोनो हागौ। The Chinese link the gall-bladder disorders with the emotion of anger. च्चाइनिजआ बिख्लो सिथोब बेरामफोरखौ रागानि आबेगजों संजाबदों। Surgery becomes necessary if the gall-stones are very large or in cases in which they have been present for long. सारजारिआ गोनांथि जाबोयो जुदि ग’ल स्तनफोरा जोबोद गेदेर एबा जाथायफोराव जेराव गोबावनि थाखाय बिसोर नुजानानै थाखानाय। Smaller gall-stones, can, however, be cleared through dietetic cure. थेवबो,फिसासिन ग’ल स्तनफोरा आहारारि फाहामनायनि गेजेरजों फोसाबजानो हागोन। Charles De Coti Marsh of London in his book ' Prescription for Energy ' prescribes foods to relieve fatigue and gain energy. लनदननि सार्लस-दि-कटि-मार्सआ गावनि बिजाब ‘प्रेसक्रिबसन-फर-एनारजि’आव मेंग्लिनायखौ सुग्लायहोनो आरो गोहो आरजिनो आदारफोर दिथा होयो। In cases of acute gall-bladder inflammation, the patient should fast for two or three days, until the acute condition is cleared. गोख्रों बिख्लो सिथोब बेदलाबनायनि जाथायफोराव, बेरामिया सानना एबा सानथाम सानफोरनि थाखाय जाया-लोङा थानांगौ, जेब्लासिम गोख्रों थासारिया फोजोबस्रांजाया। Nothing but water should be taken during the fast. ब्रत समाव दैनि अनगायै जेबो जानाङा। After the fast, the patient should take fruit and vegetable juices for a few days. ब्रतनि उनाव, बेरामिया खायसे सानफोरनि थाखाय फिथाइ आरो मैगं-थायगंनि बिदैफोरखौ जानांगोन। The juices of carrots, beets, grape-fruits, pears, lemons or grapes may be used. गाजरफोर, बिटफोर, आंगुर फिथाइफोर, नासपतिफोर, लेबुफोर एबा आंगुरफोरनि बिदैफोरा बाहायजानो हागौ। After the juices, the patient should adopt a well- balanced diet which should contain an adequate amount of all the essential nutrients. बिदैफोरनि उनाव, बेरामिया मोजां-सुथायगोनां-आदारखौ नाजावनांगोन जाय गासै गोनांथार निउत्रिनफोरनि थोजासे बिबां थानांगोन। Ideally, the diet should be lacto-vegetarian, with emphasis on raw and cooked vegetables, fruit and vegetable juices, and a moderate amount of fruits and seeds. साबसिनै, गोथां आरो संजानाय मेगं-थायगंफोर, फिथाइ आरो मैगं-थायगं बिदैफोर, आरो फिथाइफोर आरो बेगरफोरनि गेजेरनि बिबाङाव जर होनानै, खाजाया गाइखेर निरामिस जानांगोन । Pears should be eaten generously as they have a specific healing effect on gall-bladder. नासपतिफोरखौ गोसो-गुवारै जाजानांगोन जिहेतु बिसोरहा बिख्लो सिथोबाव मोनसे थि-फाहामनाय-जाउन दं। Yogurt, cottage cheese and a tablespoon of olive oil twice a day should also be included in the diet. इवगार्त, गाइखेर दाखानि मिखि आरो सानसेयाव खननै सामुससे जलफाइ-थावखौबो खाजायाव सरजाबफानांगोन। Oil serves as a stimulant for the production of bile and lipase, the fat digesting enzymes. बाइल आरो लिपेएज, मेजेम-हजम खालामग्रा-एन्जाइमफोरखौ सोमजिहोनायनि थाखाय थावआ थुलुंगाहोग्रा बायदियै खामानि मावो। High quality vegetable oil in the diet also prevents gall-stone formation. खाजायाव गोजौ-गुन-मैगंथायगं-थावआबो ग’ल स्तन सोमजिनायखौ होबथानो हागौ। They must be taken in their natural state. बिसोर बिसोरनि सरासनस्रा अब्सथायाव लाजाथारनांगोन। The patient should eat frequent small meals rather than three large meals. बेरामिया खनथाम गोबां खाजाफोरनि सोलाय गले-गले खम खाजाफोर जानांगौ। Oil cure has been advocated by some nature cure practitioners for the removal of gall-stones. थाव फाहामनायआ ग’ल स्तनफोरनि सोखानायनि थाखाय माखासे मिथिंगायारि फाहामनाय फालांगियारिफोरजों थुलुंगाहोजाबाय। Raw, natural, unrefined vegetable oils for example, olive or sunflower oil are used. गोथां, मिथिंगायारि, सोदांजायै मोगं-थायगंनि थावफोर जेरै जलफाइ एबा सानबिबार थावफोरा बाहायजादों। The procedure is to take one ounce of vegetable oil, preferably olive oil, first thing in the morning and follow it immediately with four ounces of grapefruit juice or lemon juice. फारिखानथिआ जादों मैगं-थायगं थावनि मोनसे आउन्सफोर लानाय, सायख’जाथाव जलफाइनि थाव, फुंनि गिबि मुवा आरो बेखौ खेसेयैनो आंगुरफिथाइ बिदै एबा लेबु बिदैनि मोनब्रै आउन्सफोरजों फालि। This treatment should be taken each morning for several days, even weeks, if necessary. गोनांब्ला बे सिखितसाखौ, गोबां सानफोर, दानफोरनि थाखायबो सानफ्रोमबो फुङाव लानांगोन। The pain of gall-stone colic can be relieved by the application of hot packs or fomentation to the upper abdominal area. ग’ल-स्तन साखांनायनि सानायखौ गोजौ-अहेबनि-जायगायाव गुदुं थफ्लाफोर एबा दुंखांहोनायनि बाहायनायजों आराम मोननो हायो। A warm water enema at body temperature will help eliminate faecal accumulations if the patient is constipated. बेरामिया खि-गोरा जानायब्ला, देहा दुंथायाव दुंब्रुद दै इनेमाया मैला जमा खालामनायफोरखौ बोखारनो हेफाजाब होगोन। Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach. गेसट्रिटिसआ उदैनि सारियाव मोनसे बेदलाबनाय। It is a troublesome condition which may lead to many complications, including ulcers if not treated in time. बेयो मोनसे कस्टगोनां थासारि जाय समाव सिखितसा खालामजायाब्ला, गोबां जेनांफोर लोगोसे आलसारफोराव दैदेनलांनो हागौ। Constipation aggravates the condition more than any other disorder. खि-गोरा जानाया गुबुन जिखुनु बेरामनिख्रुइ बांसिन थासारिखौ गाज्रि खालामो। These cereals are corn seeds. बेफोर चेरियालफोरा माय बेगरफोर। The inflammatory lesions may be either acute erosive gastritis or chronic atrophic gastritis. बेदलाबनाय जखमफोरा गोख्रों इर’सिब गेसट्रिटिस एबा क्रनिक एटरुफि गेसट्रिटिसबो जानो हागौ। The latter type has been found to be present in half the patients suffering from severe iron deficiency anaemia. उननि रोखोमआ गोब्राब आयरन आंखालथि आमाव बेरामनिफ्राय भुगिनाय खावसे बेरामिफोरनावनो दं होनना मोनखांबाय। The main symptoms of gastritis are loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache and dizziness. गेसट्रिटिसनि गुबै लोइखोनफोरा जादों उखैनाय गोमालांनाय, गोबालुलु मोननाय, गोबानाय, खर’सानाय आरो खर’ गिदिंनाय। There is also pain and a feeling of discomfort in the region of the stomach. उदैनि जायगायाव सानाय आरो गोजोनगैयैनि मोनदांनायबो दं। In more chronic cases, there is a feeling of fullness in the abdomen especially after meals. बांसिन क्रनिक जाथायफोराव, खाजाफोरनि उनाव जर’खायै उदैयाव आबुंथिनि मोनदांनाय दं। Prolonged illness often results in loss of weight, anaemia and occasional haemorrhage from the stomach. गोबाव सम लोमजानाया सम-सम अजन खमायनाय, आमाव बेराम आरो गेजेर-गेजेर उदैनिफ्राय थै गगारलांनायाव नुजाथियो। There may be an outpouring of mucus and a reduction in the secretion of hydrochloric acid during acute attacks and also in most cases of chronic gastritis. गोख्रों गाग्लोबथिफोर आरो क्रनिक गेसट्रिटिसनि बांसिन जाथायफोरावबो गुंग्रायनि बांनाय आरो हाइड्रक्लरिक एचिदनि गनायाव खमायनाय जानो हागौ। The most frequent cause of gastritis is a dietetic indiscretion such as habitual overeating; eating of badly combined or improperly cooked foods, excessive intake of strong tea, coffee or alcoholic drinks, habitual use of large quantities of condiments, sauces, etc. गेसट्रिटिसनि बांसिन गले-गले जाहोना जादों आहारारि सांग्रंनङै खामानि एबा बाथ्रा जेरै हुदाजालांनाय बांद्रायजानाय; गाज्रियै दाजाबनाय एबा गोरोनथियै संजानाय आदारफोर, गोख्रों साहानि बांद्राय लोंनाय, कफि एबा जौगोनां लोंग्राफोर, बाथोनफोरनि गोबां बिबांफोराव जेब्लायबो बाहायनाय, बाथोनफोर, बायदि-बायदि। It may sometimes follow certain diseases such as measles, diphtheria, influenza, virus pneumonia, etc. बेयो एखमब्ला खायसे बेरामफोर जेरै फिसा-आइफोर, दिपथेरिया, इनफ्लुएनजा, जिउसा हांनालाबेराम, बायदि-बायदि। Frequently, it also results from worry, anxiety, grief and prolonged tension. गले-गलेयै, बेयो जिंगा, सिनथा, दुखु आरो गोबावसम सिनथानिफ्रायबो नुजाथियो। They must be freshly milled. बिसोर गोथाङै सौजाथारनांगोन। Use of certain drugs, strong acids and caustic substances may also give rise to gastritis. खायसे मुलैफोर, गोख्रों एचिदफोर आरो खामनाय मुवाफोरनि बाहायनाया गेसट्रिटिसखौ बारायहोनोबो हागौ। The patient should undertake a fast in both acute and chronic cases. बेरामिया मोननाबो गोख्रों आरो क्रनिक जाथायफोराव ब्रत लाखिनांगौ। In acute cases, the patient will usually recover after a short fast of two or three days. गोख्रों जाथायफोराव, बेरामिया सरासनस्रायै साननै एबा सानताम सानफोरनि गुसुं ब्रतनि उनाव हामगोन। In chronic condition, the fast may have to be continued for a longer period of seven days or so. क्रनिक थासारियाव, ब्रतखौ स्नि सानफोर एबा बिबदियैनो गोलाव समनि थाखाय सोलिलांबायथानांनोबो हागौ। In the alternative, short fasts may be repeated at an interval of one or two months, depending on the progress being made. जायखि जाया मोनसेयाव, गुसुं ब्रतफोरा मोनसे एबा मोननै दानफोरनि गेजेराव लाखिफिनबायथानो हागौ, जौगा खालामखांनायनि सायाव सोनारनानै। The fast may be conducted on fruit juices. ब्रतआ फिथाइ बिदैफोर सायाव लाजानो हागौ। By fasting, the intake of irritants is at once effectively stopped, the stomach is rested and the toxic condition, causing the inflammation, is allowed to subside. ब्रत लानानै, इरिटेन्टफोरनि जानाया खेबसेनो जाउनगोनाङै दाबथायजाबाय, उदैया मेंगाबाय आरो बेदलाबहोनानै, बिसगोनां थासारिया खमायनो गनायथि होबाय। Elimination is increased by fasting and the excess of toxic matter accumulated in the system is thrown out. ब्रत लानाय आरो सुबुं देहायाव बांद्राय बिसगोनां पदार्थ जमाजानाया नेवसिजानायजों एंगारनाया बारायबाय। After the acute symptoms subside, the patient should adopt an all-fruit diet for further three days. गोख्रों लोइखोनफोर समायनायनि उनाव, बेरामिया गासै फिथाइ खाजाखौ फैगोन सानथाम सानफोरनि थाखाय आजावनांगौ। Juicy fruits such as apples, pears, grapes, grapefruits, oranges, pine- apples, peaches and melons may be taken during this period at five -hourly intervals. बिदैगोनां फिथायफोर जेरै आपेलफोर, नासपतिफोर, आंगुरफोर, आंगुरफिथाइफोर, खमलाफोर, रैमालिफोर, थायजौखहेफोर आरो तरमुजफोरा बे समाव बा घनटा गेजेरफोराव लाजानो हागौ। He should also avoid sweets, pastries, rich cakes and aerated waters. बियोगोदैफोर, पेचत्रिसफोर, पुष्टि गोनांकेखफोरआरोबारसोजानाय-दैफोरखौबोएंगारनांगौ। If constipation is habitual, all steps should be taken for its eradication. जुदि खि-ओंखारैआ सर'जालांबाय, बेनि फोजोबस्रांनायनि थाखाय गासैबो राहाफोरखौ लानांगोन। Spices and salts should be used as little as possible. मसलाफोर आरो संख्रिफोरा इसेबां खमै बाहायनो हायो इसेबां बाहाय। The patient should be given daily dry friction and sponge. बेरामिया सानफोरोमबो गोरान फुनाय आरो सोबखांग्रा होजानांगोन। Application of heat, through hot compressor or hot water bottle twice a day either on an empty stomach or two hours after meals, will also be beneficial. उदै खालियाव एबा खाजानि नै घन्टा उनाव,गुदुं नारसिनग्राएबा गुदुं दै बथ’लनिदारै सानसेयाव खननै, गुदुं बाहायनायाबो, मुलामफागोनां जागोन। The patient should not undertake any hard physical and mental work. बेरामिया जिखुनुजा गोब्राब देहायारि एबा मेलेमनि हाबाखौ नाजानो नङा। He should, however, undertake breathing exercises and other light exercises like walking, swimming and golf. जायखिजाया, बियो हांलानायनि बियामफोरखौ आरो गुबुन गोरलै(रेजें) बियामफोर जेरै थाबायनाय, सानस्रिनाय आरो गलफखौ नाजानांगौ। He should avoid worries and mental tension. बियो सिनथाफोर आरो मेलेमनि सापखौ नागारनांगौ। Glaucoma is a serious eye condition, characterised by an increase of pressure within the eye ball, called intraocular pressure. ग्ल’खमायामेगननि मोनसे गोमजोर थासारि (अबस्था), इनत्राअकुलार नारसिनथाय बुंजानाय, मेगन फिथाइसिङावनारसिनथायनि बांनायजों आखुहोजाबाय। It is similar to high blood pressure in the body. बेयो देहानि हाय ब्लाद प्रेछारजों एखेहां। The condition is therefore, also known as hypertension of the eye. बेनिथाखायनो थासारिया, मेगननि गोजौ थै नारसिननाय(बांद्रायजिंगा) होनानैबो मोनथिजायो। A certain amount of intraocular pressure is considered necessary, but too much can cause damage to the eye and may result in vision loss. इनत्राअकुलारनारसिनथायनि खायसे बिबांआ गोनां सानजाबाय, नाथाय बांद्रायबा मेगनखौ गाज्रि जाहोनो हागौ आरो नुथाय गोमानायाव जाउन होनो हागौ। Curds and cottage cheese may be taken freely. गाइखेर-दाखाफोरआरोफुरगेव चिजआ उदांयै जाजागोन। Glaucoma is the major cause of blindness among adults today. ग्ल’खमाया दिनै बैसोगोराफोरनि गेजेराव खानाजानायनि गाहाय जाहोन। One out of every eight blind persons is a victim of glaucoma. साफ्रोमबो दाइन खाना मानसिफोरनि गेजेराव सासेआ ग्ल’खमानि भुगिग्रा। Far-sighted persons are more prone to develop this disease than near-sighted ones. गोजान-नुआरि सुबुंफोरा खाथि-नुआरिफोरनिख्रुइ बे बेरामखौ सोमजि होनो बांसिन सम्भब। The first symptom of glaucoma is the appearance of halos or coloured rings round distant objects, when seen at night. ग्ल’खमानि गिबि लैखोना, गोजान मुवाफोरनि सोरगिदिं गाबगोनां बेंखनफोरएबासोरां-आसानफोरनिनुजाथिनाय, जेब्ला मोनायाव नुजायो। In this condition, the iris is usually pushed forward, and the patient often complains of constant pain in the brow region, near the temples and the cheeks. बे अबस्थायाव, आइरिसासरासनस्रायै सिगाङाव नारहरजायो, आरो बेरामिया जेब्लायबो मुसुगुर जायगा, नाथाख्रिफोर खाथि खावलायफोराव सानायनि गले-गले एमब्रायो। Headaches are not uncommon. खर’सानाया मोनबाङै नङा। There is gradual impairment of vision as glaucoma develops, and this may ultimately result in blindness if proper steps are not taken to deal with the disease in the early stages. जेब्ला ग्ल’खमायासोमजियो बेयाव नुनायनि लासै हानि जायो, आरोबेयो गिबि थाखोयाव बे बेरामजों जुजिनो मोजां आगान लायाब्ला, जोबनायावखाना जाहोनो हागौ। Medical science regards severe eye-strain and prolonged working under bad lighting conditions as the chief cause of glaucoma. मेदिकेल-बिगियाना गोसा मेगन-नारसिनथाय आरो गाज्रि सोरां थासारिफोर सिङाव फोलावबायथानाय मावनायफोरखौ ग्ल’खमानि गुबै जाहोन सानो। But, in reality, the root cause of glaucoma is a highly toxic condition of the system due to dietetic errors, a faulty life style and the prolonged use of suppressive drugs for the treatment of other diseases. नाथाय गुबैयाव, ग्ल’खमानि गुदि जाहोना जादों, गोरोनथि आदार-जानाय, गोरोनथिजिवराहा आरोगुबुन बेरामफोरनि सिकितसानि थाखाय गोबावसमगोख्रों मलिफोर बाहायनायनि थाखाय जानाय देहा-बिखानथिनि मोनसे गोबाङैबिसगोनांथासारि। Eye-strain is only a contributory factor. मेगन-नारसिनथाया बिहोमायारि जाहोग्रा ल’। Carrot juice in combination with the juice of spinach is considered highly beneficial in the treatment of gastritis. गाजर बिदैया स्पिनेचनि बिदैजों गलायमिनदेरा गेसत्रितिसनि सिकितसायाव जोबोरैमुलामफागोनांगनायजायो। Glaucoma is also caused by prolonged stress and is usually a reaction of adrenal exhaustion. ग्ल’खमायासरासनस्रायैसा-गिलामेंहोनायनि मोनसे फिनजाथाय आरो गोबावसमनारसिनथायजोंबो जायो। The inability of the adrenal glands to produce aldosterone results in excessive loss of salt from the body and a consequent accumulation of fluid in the tissues. एलड’सथारनसोमजिहोनो सा-गिला-बिथोबफोरनि गोहोगैयैआ देहा निफ्राय संख्रिनि गोबां खहायाव दैदेनो आरो बेनिखायनो बिदामफोराव लाव-लाव मुवानि जमाजानाय। In the region of the eyes, the excess fluid causes the eye ball to harden, losing its softness and resilience. मेगनफोरनि ओनसोलाव, नांनायनि बारा लाव-लाव मुवाया मेगन फिथाइखौ, बेनि गुरै आरो गुरै-गुनखौ खोमानानै गोरा खालामनो सोमजिहोयो। Glaucoma has also been associated with giddiness, sinus condition, allergies, diabetes, hypoglycaemia, arteriosclerosis and an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system. ग्ल’खमाया खर’गिदिंनाय, साइनासथासारि, एलारजिफोर, डायेबेटिजफोर, हायफ’ग्लायकेमिआ, रोदा रागथि खानाय आरो अट’नमिक बिसोम बिखानथिनिसमानथायगैयैजोंबो गोरोब होजाबाय। The orthodox medical treatment for glaucoma is through surgery which relieves the internal pressure in the eye due to excess fluid. ग्ल’खमानि सोलिबोबायथानाय मेडिकेल सिकितसायासारजारि दारै जाय बांद्राय लाव-लाव मुवानि थाखाय मेगननिसिंआरि नारसिनथायखौ सुग्लायहोयो। This, however, does not remove the cause of the presence of the excess fluid. बेयो थेवबो, बांद्राय लाव-लाव मुवानि नुजानायनि जाहोनखौ बोखारा। Consequently, even after the operation, there is no guarantee whatsoever that the trouble will not recur, or that it will not affect the other eye. बेनिखायनो, हाखावनायनि उनाव बाबो, जेखियानोजायामानो बेयावजामिन गैया दि हेंथाया नुजाफिननाय नङा, एबा बेयो गुबुन मेगनखौ गोहोम खोख्लैनाय नङा। The natural treatment for glaucoma is the same as that for any other condition associated with high toxicity and is directed towards preserving whatever sight remains. ग्ल’खमानि थाखाय मिथिंगियारि सिकितसाया गोबां बिसगोनांजों सोमोनदोगोनां जिखुनुजा गुबुन थासारि बायदि एखे आरो जेखिजाया नुनाय दंबावो बेखौ दोनथुमनो थिनो। If treated in the early stages, the results are encouraging. जुदि गिबि थाखोफोराव सिकितसा-होजायो, जाउनफोरा थुलुंगागोनां। Though cases of advanced glaucoma may be beyond cure, even so, certain nutritional and other biological approaches can prove effective in controlling the condition and preserving the remaining sight. जुदिअ बांखानाय ग्ल’खमानि जाथायफोर हामनायनि बाहेरा जानो हागौ, होमबाबो, माखासे पुसतायुगोनां आरो गुबुन जिबयारि सोमोनदै नेमफोरा थासारिखौ दबथायनायाव जाउनगोनां फोरमान खालामनो हागौ आरो नुथाय गोहो थानायखौ दोनथुमो। Six ounces of spinach juice should be mixed with ten ounces of carrot juice in this combination. बे दाजाबनायावस्पिनेचनि द’आउन्सफोरा गाजर बिदैनि जि आउन्सफोरजों गलायजानांगोन। Certain foodstuffs should be scrupulously avoided by patients suffering from glaucoma. खायसेजाग्रा-लोंग्रा-मुवाफोरा ग्ल’खमानिफ्राय भुगिनाय बेरामिफोरजों फुरायै एंगारजानांगोन। Coffee in particular, should be completely avoided because of its high caffeine content. जुनियायै कफिया बेनि गोबां केफिन थानायनि थाखाय फुरायै एंगारजानांगोन। Caffeine causes stimulation of vasoconstrictors, elevating blood pressure and increasing blood flow to the eye. केफिना भेस’क’नस्त्रिकतरफोरनि एरथुखांनायजाहोयो, जौगानायथै नारसिनथाय आरो मेगनाव थै खारनायखौ बांहोनानै। Beer and tobacco, which can cause constriction of blood vessels, should also be avoided. जौ आरो थांखु, जाय थै-रोदाफोरनि सेबनाय जाहोनो हागौआबो एंगारजानांगोन। Tea should be taken only in moderation. साहायासिमायाव (जखायाव) ल’ लोंजानांगोन। The patient should not take excessive fluids, whether it is juice, milk or water at any time. जिखुनुजा समाव बे बिदै एबा गाइखोर एबा दै, बेरामिया बांद्राय लाव-लाव मुवाफोर लोंनांआ। He may drink small amounts, several times a day with a minimum of one hour intervals. सानसेयाव खमबाबो से घन्टा जिरायथनाय समाव बियो गले-गले एसे बिबांफोर लोंनो हागौ। The diet of the patient suffering from glaucoma should be based on three basic food groups, namely seeds, nuts and grains, vegetables and fruits, with emphasis on raw vitamin C-rich foods, fresh fruits and vegetables. ग्ल’खमानिफ्राय भुगानाय बेरामिनि आहारा मोनथाम गुदि आदार हानजाफोराव सोनारनांगोन, जेरै बेगरफोर, बादामफोर आरो लद्राफोर, मैगंफोर आरो फिथाइफोर, गोथां भिटामिन-सि-गोनां-आदारफोर, थाजिम फिथाइफोर आरो मैगंफोराव जर होनाय। The same diet that was prescribed for cataract should be taken by those suffering from glaucoma. एखे आहार जाय मेगन-साग्लोबनायनिथाखाय बिथोनहोजादोंमोना ग्ल’खमानिफ्रायभुगिनायफोरजों लाजानांगोन। The various methods for relaxing and strengthening the eyes outlined in that chapter will also be beneficial in the treatment of glaucoma. बै खोनदोआव बुंफ्रुदजानाय मेगनफोरनि आराममोनहोनाय आरो फोरानायनि थाखाय रोखोमनिआदबफोराबोग्ल’खमानि सिकितसायाव मुलामफा जागोन। Too many different foods should not be mixed at the same meal. एखे खाजायाव बांद्राय गुबुन आदारफोरा गलायजानाङा। Certain nutrients have been found helpful in the treatment of glaucoma. खायसेनिउत्रिएनतफोरा ग्ल’खमानि सिकितसायाव हेफाजाब गोनां होनना मोनजाबाय। It has been found that the glaucoma patients are usually deficient in vitamins A, B, C, protein, calcium and other minerals. बेयो मोनजाबाय दि ग्ल’खमा बेरामिफोरा भिटामिन ए, बि, सि, प्र’टिन, केलचियाम आरो गुबुन खनिबेसादफोराव सरासनस्रायै आंखाल। Nutrients such as calcium and B-complex have proved beneficial in relieving the intraocular condition. निउत्रिएनतफोर जेरै केलचियाम आरो बि कमफ्लेक्सा इनत्राअकुलारथासारिखौ सुग्लायनायाव मुलामफागोनां फोरमानहोजाबाय। Many practitioners believe that intraocular pressure in glaucoma can be lowered by vitamin C therapy. गोबां फोलांगियारिफोरा फोथायो दि ग्ल’खमायावइनत्राअकुलार नारसिनथाया भितामिन सि थेरापिजों खमायजायो। Dr. Michele Virno and his colleagues demonstrated recently in Rome, Italy that the average person weighing 150 pounds given 7000 mg. of ascorbic acid, five times daily, acquired acceptable intraocular pressure within 45 days. ड. मिचेल भिरन’ आरो बिनि मावजाबग्रा-लोगोफोरा बावैसो र’म, इथेलियाव फोरमानदिनथिबाय दि 150 पावन्द गिलिरनि गर सुबुं एसकरबिक-एचिदनि 7000 एमजि. होजाबाय, सानसेयाव खनबा, 45 साननि गेजेराव आजावजाथाव इनत्राअकुलारनारसिनथायआरजिजायो। Symptoms such as mild stomach discomfort and diarrhoea, resulting from the intake of large doses of vitamin C, were temporary and soon disappeared. भितामिन सिनि गोबां पालिफोर जानाय निफ्राय जानाय लैखोनफोर जेरै एसे उदै गोजोननाय गैयै आरो खिसावनायफोरा अरायथा-नङै आरो थाबैनो गोमोरगोर। It has been suggested that some calcium should always be taken with each dose of ascorbic acid to minimise any side-effects of the large dose. बेयोबोसोनहोजाबायमोन दि माखासे केलचियामा जेब्लायबोएसकरबिक-एचिदनि मोनफ्रोमबो फालिजों जाजानांगोन, गोबां फालिनि जाखुनुजा गाज्रि-फिनजाथायफोरखौ खमायनो। The patient should avoid emotional stress and cultivate a tranquil and restful life style as glaucoma is considered to be a 'stress disease'. बेरामिया गोसोआरि-नारसिनजानायखौ एंगारनांगोनआरो निजोम आरो गोजोननाय जिवराहाखौ जौगाहोनांगोन मानोनाग्ल’खमाया‘नारसिनथायबेराम’ गनायजायो। He should also avoid excessive watching of television and movies and also excessive reading as such habits can lead to prolonged straining of the eyes. बियो बांद्राय तिबि आरो सिनेमा नायनायखौबो एंगारनांगोन आरो बांद्राय फरायनायखौबो मानोना बेफोर हुदाफोरामेगनफोरनि गोबावसमबोबदोंनायाव दैदेननो हागौ। Gout refers to a certain form of inflammation of the joints and swellings of a recurrent type. गाउटागानथिनि बुनाय आरो जाफ्लेबायथानाय रोखोमनि बुनायफोरनिखायसेदाथायखौ सावरायो । Meals should be taken at least two hours before going to bed at night. खाजाफोरा मोनायाव उनदुनायनि खमैब्लाबो नै घन्टा सिगां जानांगोन। Although chronic in character, it breaks in acute attacks. जुदिअबो आखुआव गोब्राब, बेयो गोख्रों गाग्लोबथिफोरयाव बायो। It is a disease of the wealthy and chiefly affects the middle-aged men. बेयो माहाजेननि बेराम आरो गाहायै गेजेर-बैसो हौवाफोरखौ गोहोम खोख्लैयो। Women, after menopause, are also sometimes affected by this disease. अखमबा आयजोफोराबो, मासिजोबथायनायनि उनाव बे बेरामजों गोहोम खोख्लैजायो। Gout was known to the physicians of ancient Greece and Rome. गाउटा गोदो-गोदायनि ग्रिस आरो र’मनि देहाफाहामगिरिफोरजों मिनथिजादोंमोन। It was recognised in the 18th century that large enjoyable meals and the consumption of alcoholic drinks were often the prelude to an attack of gout. बेयो 18थि जौथायाव सिनायजादोंमोन दि गोबां रंगालु खाजाफोर आरो जौगोनां लोंग्राफोरनि जानायफोरा गाउटनि गाग्लोबनायाव गले-गले जागायजेननायमोन। This disease affected many famous men in history, including Alexander the Great, Luther, Newton, Milton, Dr Johnson, Franklin and Louis XIV. एलेकजेडार-दा-ग्रेट, लुथोर, निउटन, मिलटन. ड. जनचन, फ्रेंकलिन आरो लुइ XIVमोनखौ सरजाबफानानै,बे बेरामा जारिमिननि गोबां मुंदांखा हौवाफोरखौगोहोम खोख्लैदोंमोन। An attack of gout is usually accompanied by acute pain in the big toe, which becomes tender, hot and swollen in a few hours. गाउटनि गाग्लोबथिया गिदिर आथिं-आसिआव गोख्रों सानायजों सरासनस्रायै लाफाजायो, जाय एसे घन्टायाव गुरै, गुदुं आरो बुयो। Usually it is almost impossible to put any weight on the affected foot in the acute stage. सरासनस्रायै बेयोगोख्रोंथाखोआव गोहोम खोख्लैजानायआफाथालायाव जिखुनुजा गिलिर दोननोआ फ्रायै जाथावै। It may also affect other joints such as the knees and wrists in a similar manner. बेयो गुबुन गानथिफोरखौबो गोहोमखोखलैनो हागौ जेरै हानथु आरो आखायगानथिफोरखौ एखे आखुआव। Sometimes more than one joint may be affected at a time. माब्लाबाफोर खनसेयावनो मोनसेनि ख्रुइ बारा गानथिया गाग्लोबजानो हागौ। Eight to ten glasses of water should be taken daily but water should not be taken with meals as it dilutes the digestive juices and delays digestion. सानफ्रोमबो दाइन निफ्राय जि गेलास दैया लोंनांगोन, नाथाय खाजाजों दैखौ लोंनो नङा मानोना बेयो दोगोनबिदैफोरखौ खमायो आरो हजमजानायखौ फोलावो। The attack usually occurs at mid- night or in the early hours of the morning, when the patient is suddenly awakened. गाग्लोबथिया सरासनस्रायै हर-गेजेराव एबा फुनि गिबि घन्टायाव जायो, जेब्ला बेरामिया हरखाबै सिरिमोनो। The acute attack generally lasts for a week or so. गोख्रों गाग्लोबथिया सरासनस्रायै सबथा खनसे एबा बांसिन सोलोयो। During this period the patient may run a slight fever, and feel disinclined to eat. बे समाव, बेरामिया इसे लोमजानाय थानो हागौ, आरो जानो गोसोगैयै मोनदांनो हागौ। His general health usually remains unaffected. बिनि सरासनस्रा देहाया सरासनस्रायै गोहोम खोखलैजायै थायो। The attack may occur again after several weeks or months. गाग्लोबथिया गोबां सबथा एबा दाननि उनाव नुजाफिनगोन। The interval becomes shorter if the disease is not treated properly. जिरायथनाय समा सुंसिन जायो जुदि बेरामा मोजाङै नांजाया। The joint gradually becomes damaged by arthritis. गानथिया लासैयै आरथ्रितिसजों गाज्रि जायो। This is chronic gout, in which chalky lumps of uric acid crystals remain in the joint and also form under the skin. बेयो गोब्राब (क्रनिक) गाउट, जेराव इउरिक-एसिद क्रिष्टेलफोरखनिबेसादफोरनि गिथावथाव बुखांनायफोरा गानथियाव थायो आरो बिगुर सिंआवबो सोमजियो। Another serious complication of gout is kidney stones containing uric acid, causing severe colic pains in the stomach. गाउटनि गुबुन मोनसेगोब्राबजेथोआ इउरिक-एसिदथाफानायगिला अनथाइफोर, उदैआव गोरा बिबु गेदेर-सानायफोर जाहोयो। In some cases the kidneys become damaged and do not function properly. माखासे जाथायफोराव, गिलाफोरा गाज्रि जायो आरो थिकयै खामानि होआ। And above all, haste should be avoided while eating and meals should be served in a pleasing and relaxed atmosphere. आरो गासैबोनि-गोजौआव, जानाय समाव हाखु-दाखुआ एंगारजानांगोन आरो खाजाया गोजोनथाव आरो आराम थासारियाव होजानांगोन। This is a serious condition as the poisonous waste products which are normally removed by the kidneys accumulate in the blood. बेयो गोब्राब थासारि मानोना बिसगोनां बाहायगार-मुवाफोर जाय सरासनस्रायै थैआव जजानाय गिलाफोरजों बोखारजायो। The chief cause of gout is the formation of uric acid crystals in the joints, skin and kidneys. गाउटनि गाहाय जाहोना गानथिफोर, बिगुर आरो गिलाफोराव इउरिक-एसिदक्रिष्टेलफोरनि दाथाय। Uric acid is an end product of the body's chemical processes. इउरिक-एसिदा देहानि रासायनिकबिखानथिफोरनि जोबथा-मुवा। Those affected by gout have a higher level of uric acid than the normal, due to either the formation of increased amounts of acid or to the reduced amounts of acid being passed out by kidneys in the urine. एसिदनि बांनाय बिबांफोर एबा हासुदैयावगिलाफोरजोंहगारजानाय एसिदनि खमायनाय बिबांफोरनि दाथायनि थाखाय गाउटजों गोहोम-खोख्लैजानायफोरहा सरासनस्रानिख्रुइ इउरिक-एसिदनि बांसिन बिबां दं। This uric acid usually remains dissolved in the blood. बे इउरिक-एसिदा सरासनस्रासै थैआव गलिनानै थायो। But when the blood becomes too full of it, the uric acid forms needle-shaped crystals in the joints which bring about attacks of gout. नाथाय जेब्ला थैआ बेनि बांद्राय जायो, इउरिक-एसिदा गानथिफोराव बेजि-महर क्रिष्टेलफोर दायो जाय गाउटनि गाग्लोबथिफोरखौ लाबोयो। Heredity is an important factor in causing this disease and certain races are prone to gout. फोलेर-फारिआ बे बेराम जाहोनायाव मोनसे गोनां जाहोन आरोखायसेबंशफोरा गाउट जानो गोरलै। Other causes include excessive intake of alcoholic drinks, regular eating of foods rich in protein and carbohydrate and lack of proper exercise. गुबुन जाहोनफोरा जौगोनां लोंग्राफोरनि बांद्राय लोंनाय, प्र’टिन आरो कारबहायद्रेत गोनां आदारफोरनि सानफ्रोमबो जानाय आरो थि बियामनि आंखाल थाफायो। Stress is also regarded as an important cause of gout. नारसिनथायाबो गाउटनि मोनसे गोनां जाहोन गनायजायो। During the alarm reaction, millions of body cells are destroyed and large quantities of uric acid freed from these cells enter the tissues. हरखाब-गिनायफिनजाथायाव, मिलिअन देहा जिबख्रिफोरा फोजोबस्राजाबाय आरो बेफोर जिबख्रिफोरनिफ्राय उदां खालामजानाय इउरिक-एसिदनि गोबां बिबांफोरा बिदामफोराव हाबो। From the commencement of the treatment, a warm water enema should be used daily for about a week to cleanse the bowels. सिकितसानि जागायजेननाय निफ्राय, मोनसे गुब्रुथ-दै-इनेमाया सानफ्रोमबो सबथासेसिम बाहायजानांगोन,बिबु-बिख्लोखौ साखोन सिखोन खालामनो। The patient should undertake a fast for five to seven days on orange juice and water. बेरामिया बानिफ्राय स्नि सानसिम कमला बिदै आरो दैनि उफवास नाजानांगोन। Sometimes, the condition may worsen in the early stages of fasting when uric acid, dissolved by juices, is thrown into the blood stream for elimination. माब्लाबा, उफवासनि गिबि थाखोफोराव थासारिया गाज्रिसिन जानो हागौ जेब्लाइउरिक-एसिदा बिदैफोरजों गलिजानाया थै दाहाराव एंगारनायनि थाखाय गारजायो। This usually clears up if fasting is continued. जुदि उफबास खालामनाया सोलोबायथायो बे सरासनस्रायै साफा खालामो। In severe cases it is advisable to undertake a series of short fasts for three days or so rather than one long fast. गोरा जाथायफोराव, बेयो मोनसे गोलाव उफवासनि ख्रुइ सानथाम गुसुं उफवासफोरनि फारि नाजानो बोसोनहैजाथाव। A warm water enema should be used daily during the period of fasting to cleanse the bowels. दुंब्रुद-दै-एनेमाया बिबु-बिख्लोखौ साफा खालामनो उफबासनि समाव सानफ्रोमबो बाहायजानांगोन। After the acute symptoms of gout have subsided, the patient may adopt an all-fruit diet for further three or four days. गाउटनि गोख्रों लैखोनफोरा खमायनायनि उनाव, बेरामिया उननि सानथाम एबा सानब्रै साननि थाखाय गासै-फिथाइ-खाजाखौ आजावनो हागौ। IN this regime, he should have three meals a day of juicy fruits such as grapes, apples, pears, peaches, oranges and pineapples. बे सासन खानथिआव बियो बिदैगोनां फिथाइफोरनि सानसेआव खनथाम आहार जानांगोन जेरै आंगुरफोर, आपेलफोर, नासफाथिफोर, थाइजौ-खहेफोर, खमलाफोर आरो रैमालिफोर। The patient should avoid all purine and uric acid producing foods such as all meats, eggs and fish. बेरामिया आदारफोर सोमजिहोनाय गासैबो पिउरिन आरो इउरिक-एसिद जेरै गासैबो बेदरफोर, दावदैफोर आरो नाखौ एंगारनांगोन। Glandular meats are especially harmful. बिथोबख’-बेद’रफोरा जुनियायै हानि खालामग्रा। He should also avoid all intoxicating liquors, tea, coffee, sugar, white flour and their products, and all canned and processed foods. बियो गासिबो गोख्रों जौफोर, साहा, कफि, सिनि, गुबुर आथा-मैदा आरो बेसोरनि मुवाफोर, आरो गासैबो थेमायाव दोनजानाय आरो थारनाय आदारफोरखौबो एंगारनांगोन। Foods high in potassium such as potatoes, bananas, leafy green vegetables, beans and raw vegetable juices are protective against gout. पटेसिआम गोनां आदारफोर जेरै आलुफोर, थालिरफोर, गोथां बिलाय मैगंफोर, गरसिफोरआरो गोथां-मैगं-बिदैफोरा गावटनि बेरेखायैरैखा-होग्रा। The baths may be reduced to two per week later. दुगैनाया उनाव सफथा खनसेयाव खेबनै खमायजानो हागौ। A raised diastolic pressure is considered more serious than the raised systolic pressure as it has a serious long-term effect. बांनाय डिसट’लिक- नारसिनथाया बांनाय सिसटलिक- नारसिनथायनिफ्राय बांसिन गोब्राब सानजायो मानोना बेहा गोबाव-सम गोब्राब जाउन दं। Cold packs at night applied to the affected joints will be beneficial. गोहोमगोग्लैनाय गानथिफोराव गुसु पेकफोर फुननाया मुलामफा जागोन। Fresh air and outdoor exercise are also essential. थाजिम बार आरो बाइजोआरि बियामफोराबो गोनां। The patient should eliminate as much stress from his life as possible. बेरामिफोरा गावसिनि जिउनिफ्राय जेसेबां हायो मेलेमारि नारसिनथायखौ एंगारनांगोन। The term coronary heart disease covers a group of clinical syndromes arising particularly from failure of the coronary arteries to supply sufficient blood to the heart. क’र’नारि-मैखुन-बेराम ओंथिआ जुथुमसे क्लिनिकेल- बेरामनि लोक्षोनफोरखौ लाफायो, जुनियायै क’र’नारि-थै-रोदाफोरामैखुनाव थोजासे थै जगायनोयाव मावनोहायै निफ्राय जानाय। They include angina pectoris, coronary thrombosis or heart attack and sudden death without infarction. बेसोरो एनजिना-पेकट’रिस, क’र’नारि-थ्र’मब’सिस एबा मैखुन गाग्लोबथि आरोइनफार्सन जायालाबा हरखाब थैनायखौ लाफादेरो। There has been a marked increase in the incidence of heart disease in recent years. बावैसो बोसोरफोराव मैखुन बेरामनि जाथायाव मेगनाव नांनाय बांगासिनो दं। Heart attacks have become the number one killer in western countries. मैखुन गाग्लोबथिफोरा सोनाब-हादोरफोराव गाज्रि-सिन बुथारग्रा जाबाय। They rank third in India, after tuberculosis and infections. बेसोरो जक्षा बेराम आरो बेराम बारस्लायनायनि उनाव, भारताव थामथि बिबानाव गोग्लैयो। The disease affects people of all ages and both sexes, although it is more common in men than in women, especially in those aged 40-60 years. बे बेरामा गासैबो बैसे आरो मोननैबो आथोनफोरनि मानसिफोरखौ गोहोमखोखलैयो, जुदिअबो बेयो आयजोनिफ्राय हौवाफोरनाव बांसिन सरासनस्रा, जरखायै जाय 40, 60 बोसोरनि बैसो। Carrot juice in combination with juices of beet and cucumber is especially beneficial. बिट आरो थाइबेंजों लोगोसे गाजर-बिदैया जुनियायैमुलामफा गोनां। The heart, the most vital organ in the body, is a muscle about the size of a clenched fist. मैखुन, देहानि गोनांसिन अंगोआ मोनसे मोदोम आखाय-मुथानि बिबांजों समान। It starts working even before birth inside the womb. बेयो फिसाख’सिंआव जोमोननि सिगांआवबो हाबा जागायो। Weighing about 300 grams, it pumps about 4,300 gallons of blood every day through the body and supplies oxygen and nourishment to all the organs. फ्राय 300 ग्राम गिलिर, बेयो देहानि गेजेरजों सानफ्रोमबो फ्राय थैनि4,300गेलनफोर नारसोयो (पाम्प) आरो गासैबो अंगफोरनो पुष्टिगोनां-आदार आरो अक्सिजेन जगायो। It beats 100000 times a day, continually pumping the blood through more than 60,000 miles of tiny blood vessels. फिसा थै-रोदाफोरनि गेजेरजों थैखौ 60000 मायलनिख्रुइ बांसिन अरायबो नारहरबायथानानै, बेयो सानसेआव 100000 बार दुप-दुप मावो। The heart, in turn, needs blood for its nourishment, which is supplied by coronary arteries. मैखुना जाथाय-फारियाव गावनि फिसिनायनि थाखाय थै नांगौ, जाय क’र’नारि - थै-रोदाफोरजों जागायजायो। In the event of narrowing or hardening of the arteries on account of their getting plugged with fatty substances, the flow of blood is restricted. थै-रोदाफोरनि सेबनाय आरो रानायनि जाथायाव, गावसोरनि जाहोननि थाखाय मेजेम मुवाजों संफ्ला खालामजानो, थैनि खारनाया सिमागोनां खालामजायो। The heart then does not get sufficient oxygen. मैखुना बेनि उनाव थोजासे अकसिजेन मोना। This condition is known as ischemia of the heart or angina pectoris, which is a Latin word meaning pain in the chest. बे थासारिखौ मैखुनि-इसचेमिआ एबा एनजिना-पेकट’रिस होनना मिनथिजायो, जाय लेटिन-सोदोबनि-ओंथिया जेरबायाव सानाय। It is actually a cry of the heart for more blood. बेयो थारै मैखुननि बांसिन थैनि थाखाय गावनाय। In this condition, exercise or excitement provokes severe chest pain and so limits the patient's physical activity. बे थासारियाव, ब्याम एबा गोसो-दुंखांनाया गोख्रों जेरबा सानाय जाखांहोयो आरो बेनिथाखाय बेरामिफोरनि देहायारि खामानिखौ सिमाहोयो। Three ounces each of beet and cucumber juices should be mixed in ten ounces of carrot juice to make a pint or sixteen ounces of combined juice. बिट आरो थाइबें बिदैनि मोनफ्रोमबो थाम आउन्सफोरा गाजर-बिदैनि जि आउन्सफोराव गलायजानांगोन पाइन्ट एबा द’जि आउन्सफोर गलायमेनदेर बिदै बानायनो। It serves as a warning to slow down and prompt preventive measures will prevent a heart attack. बेयो लासै खालामनायनि सामोल खालामनाय बायदि मावना होयो आरो गोख्रों होबथाग्रा राहाया मैखुन-गाग्लोबनायखौ होबथागोन। If the narrowed arteries get blocked due to a clot or thrombus inside them, causing death of that portion of the heart which depends upon the choked arteries, it is called a heart attack or coronary thrombosis. जुदि गुसेब थै-रोदाफोरा बेसोरनि सिंआव लाथाखानायएबा थ्र’मबासनि थाखाय बाथेयो, मैखुननि बै बाहागोखौ फोथैयो जाय हां थाबथानायथै-रोदाफोरनि सायाव सोनारो, बेखौ मैखुन-गाग्लोबनाय एबा क’र’नारि-थ्र’मब’सिस बुङो। It may lead to death or heal, leaving a scar. बेयो थैनाय एबा फाहामनायाव दैदेननो हागौ, दाखोन गारलांनानै। Patients with healed lesions may be severely disabled or may be able to resume normal life with restrictions in their physical activities. जखम गोनां हामनाय बेरामिफोरा गोख्रोंयै लोरबां जानो हागौ एबा गावसोरनि देहायारि खामानियाव सिमागोनांजों सरासनस्रा जिउ जुरिफिननो हागौ। A high proportion of cases of sudden death occur in persons who have had angina pectoris or coronary thrombosis. हरखाब थैनायनि जाथायफोरनि गोबां बिबांआ मानसिफोरनाव नुजायो जाय एनजिना-पेकट’रिस एबाक’र’नारि-थ्र’मब’सिस जाखांखाबायमोन। The coronary arteries get narrowed due to various chemical deposits on their inner linings. क’र’नारि-थै-रोदाफोरा गावसोरनि सिंनि लागायनायफोराव गुबुन-रोखोम रासायनिक बुथुमनायफोरनि थाखाय सेबो। These are caused by inherited or acquired defects in the metabolic processes of the body with regard to intake and absorption of various substances. बेसोरो देहानि जिब रासायनारि फारिखानथिफोराव गुबुन-रोखोमनि मुवाफोर जानाय आरो सोबखांथिसोमोन्दै जोनोमजों मोनफानायजों एबा आरजिजानाय जेंनाफोरजों जायो। A diet rich in fatty foods, especially animal fats, causes fatty substances to settle in the coronary arteries, thus blocking and narrowing them. मोनसे आदार जाय मेजेमगोनां-आदारफोराव गोनां, थारै जुनार-मेजेमफोरा,थै-रोदाफोराव मेजेम-गोनां मुवाफोरखौ थाहोयो, बेनिखायनो बेसोरखौ बाथेयो आरो सबो। The process of silting up of arteries is known as arteriosclerosis and is a major degenerative change affecting the circulatory system. थै-रोदाफोरनिहोथेजानायनि फारिखानथिया आरथिरि’सलार’सिस होनना मिनथिजायो आरो बेयो गुबै (गाहाय) गाज्रिसिन सोलायनाय खारसारदिंग्रा-बिखानथिखौ गोहोम खोख्लैनानै। A common symptom of heart disease is shortness of breath, which is caused by the blood being deprived of the proper account of oxygen. मैखुन-बेरामनि सरासनस्रा लैखोना हां सुंनाय, जाय अक्सिजेननि थि जाहोननिथैजों खहाखालामनाय जायो। Raw potato juice and fresh pineapple juice are also beneficial. आलु-गोथां-बिदै आरो थाजिम-रैमालि-बिदैफोराबो मुलामफा गोनां। Another common symptom is chest pain or pain down either arm other symptoms are palpitation, fainting, emotional instability, cold hand and feet, frequent perspiration and fatigue. गुबुन सरासनस्रा लैखोनाजेरबा सानाय एबा आखानथि सानाय, गुबुन लैखोनफोरा मैखुन-मावग्लुंनाय, मुर्सा नांनाय, आबेगारिदिदोमथि गैयै अबस्था, गुसु आखायआरो आथिं, गले-गलेगोलोमनायआरोमेंग्लिनाय। All these symptoms may be caused by many other disorders. बेफोर गासिबो लैखोनफोरा गोबां गुबुन जेंनाजों जानो हागौ। Appropriate tests and studies are, therefore, essential to establish the true nature of these symptoms. थि आनजादफोर आरो फरायनायफोरा, बेनि थाखाय, बेफोर लैखोननि नंगुबै मिथिंगारिखौ गायसननो गोनां। The basic causes of heart disease are wrong food habits, faulty style of living and various stresses. मैखुनबेरामनि गुदि जाहोनफोरा गोरोनथि आदारनि-हुदाफोर, गोरोनथिगोनांथानाय आरो गुबुन-रोखोम मेलेमारि नारसिनथायफोर। The famous Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart and Lung Institutes identified seven major risk factors in coronary heart disease. हादोरारि-मैखुन-आरो-संफ्ल'-फसंथानफोरनि मुंदांखा फ्रेमिंहाम-मैखुन-फरायनाया क’र’नारिमैखुन बेरामनि स्नि गुबै (गाहाय) खैफोद जाहोनफोरखौ सिनायथिहोबाय। Any one or a combination of these risk factors can contribute to heart disease. बेफोर खैफोदजाहोनफोरनि मोनसे दाजाबनाय एबा जिखुनुजा मोनसेआ मैखुन बेरामाव दाजाबफानो हागौ। Most of them are of dietary origin. बेफोरनि बांसिनानो आदारारि-फुंखा। These risk factors can be controlled by changing one's life style and re-adjusting the diet. बेफोर खैफोद जाहोनफोरा गावबागाव जिवराहा सोलायनाय आरो आदार थिक खालामफिननायजों दबथायजानो हागौ। Constant worry and tension stimulates the adrenal glands to produce more adrenaline and cartisons. जेब्लायबो जिंगा आरो सिनथाया सा-गिला-बिथोबफोरखौ बांसिन एद्रिनालिन आरो कारटिसनफोर दिहुननो थुलुंगा होयो (जाखां होयो)। This also contributes to constricted arteries, high blood pressure and increased work for the heart. बेबो थै-रोदाफोर बोख्रेनाय, बांथैनारसिनथाय आरो मैखुननि थाखाय खामानि बांनायाव दाजाफायो। Because of the increased risk of stones in the urinary tract, patients should maintain a good intake of non-alcoholic fluids. हासुग्रा-लामायाव अनथायफोरनि बांनाय खैफदनि थाखाय, बेरामिफोरा जौ-गैयै लाव-लावफोरनि मोजां जानायखौ लाखिनांगौ। The fundamental factor in all heart diseases is the diet. गासैबो मैखुन बेरामनि गाहाय जाहोना आदार। A corrective diet designed to alter body chemistry and improve the quality of general nutritional intake can, in many cases, reverse the degenerative changes which have occurred in the heart and blood vessels. देहा- सोमोनदोखौ सोलायनो आरो सरासनस्रा निउत्रिसनारिजानायनि गुनखौ फोसाबनो, बिथाखि दाजानाय मोनसे फोसाबनो हाथाव आदारा गोबां जाथायाव गाज्रिसिन सोलायनायखौ फालथायो जाय मैखुन आरो थै-रोदाफोराव ओंखारबाय। The diet should be lacto-vegetarian, low in sodium and calories. आदारा गाइखेर मुवा-मिरामिस जानांगोन, चडियाम आरो केलरिफोराव खम। It should consist of high quality, natural organic foods, with emphasis on whole grains, seeds, fresh fruits and vegetables. बेयो गासैलद्राफोर, बेगरफोर, थाजिम फिथाइफोर आरो मैगंफोराव जरहोसिननायजों, गोजौ गुननि मिथिंगियारि जैब’ आदारफोर थानांगोन। Foods which should be eliminated are all white flour products, sweets, chocolates, canned foods in syrup, soft drinks, squashes, all hard fats of animal origin such as butter, cream and fatty meats. आदारफोर जायखौ एंगारनांगौफोरा गासैबो गुफुर-गम-गुनदैमुवाफोर, गोदैफोर, सखक्लेतफोर, बिदैआव थेमायाव दोनजानाय-आदारफोर, निसा-गैयैलोंग्राफोर, सिबटफोर, गासैबो जुनार-फुंखानि-गोरा-मेजेमफोर जेरै माखन, सामनि आरो मेजेम गोनां-बेदरफोर। Salt and sugar should be reduced substantially. संख्रि आरो सिनिआ गोबाङै खमायनांगोन। Most flesh foods have high sodium content and some meats are also very fatty. बांसिन बेदर-आदारफोरा गोबां चडियाम थायो आरो माखासे बेदरफोराबो जोबोद मेजेमगोनां। They are also highly acid-forming and create a high level of toxic matter in the system. बेफोरोएचिद दाथायगोनांबो आरोआदबाव गोजौ थाखोनि बिसगोनां मुवा समजियो। They should be avoided by patients with a heart disease. बेफोरो मैखुन बेरामि गोनां बेरामिफोरजों एंगारजानांगोन। The patient should also avoid tea, coffee, alcohol and tobacco. बेरामिफोरा साहा, कफि, जौ आरो थांखुखौबो एंगारनांगोन। They should drink at least eight glasses of cold or hot water daily. बिसोरो खमबाबो सामफ्रामबो दाइन गेलास गुसु एबा गुदुं दै लोंनांगौ। Tea and coffee contain caffeine which has a toxic effect on the heart and nervous system. साहा आरो कफिया केफिन थायो जायहा मैखुन आरो बिसोम बिखानथिआव बिसगोनां जाउनदं। Caffeine is a strong cardiac stimulant, which if taken regularly can cause palpitation or disturbances of heart rhythm. केफिना मोनसे गोख्रों मैखुनआरि (कारदिएक)निसा, जाय-जुदि सानफ्रोमबो लोङोब्ला मैखुन-मावग्लुंनायएबा मैखुन-देंखोआव जेंनाफोर होनो हागौ। Alcohol damages the liver and over stimulates the heart. जौआ बिखाखौ गाज्रि खालामो आरो मैखुनखौ बारा जाहोयो (बांहोयो)। It also alters the blood sugar level and depletes the body's vitamin B reserve. बे थै-सिनि थाखोखौबो सोलायो आरो देहानि भितामिन-बि- थिनायखौ बाहायो। Nicotine has a toxic, irritant effect on the heart muscles and disturbs the blood sugar level. निक’टिनहा बिस दं, मैखुन-मोदोमाव मानलुनाय जाउन दं आरो थै-सिनि-थाखोखौ आवलायो (जेंना होयो)। The diet of the patient with heart disease should consist of nutrients as near to their whole natural state as possible so as to ensure an adequate intake of essential vitamins, minerals and trace elements. मैखुन बेराम गोनां बेरामिफोरनि आदारा गावसोरनि गासै मिथिंगियारि थासारियाव जेसेबां हायो एसेबांखाथि निउत्रिएनफोर थानांगोन, थाखि गोनां भितामिन, खनिजफोर आरो दिहुनाय-गुदिमुवाफोरनि थोजासे जानायखौ रोखा खालामनो थाखाय। Fruits and vegetables should form a large part of the diet and should be taken in their fresh raw state whenever possible. फिथाइफोर आरो मैगंफोरा आदारनि गोबां बाहागो जानांगौ आरो जेब्ला हायो गावसोरनि थाजिम गोथां थासारियाव लाजानांगोन। Grapes and apples are particularly beneficial. आंगुर आरो आपेलफोरा जुनियायै मुलामफागोनां। The essential fatty acids which reduce serum cholesterol levels and minimise the risk of arteriosclerosis can be obtained from sunflower seed oil, corn oil or safflower oil. गोनां मेजेम गोनां-एचिदफोर जाय serum ख’लेसत्र’ल थाखोफोरखौ खमायो आरो आरतेरिवसक्लेरसिसनि खैफोदखौ खमायनोआ सानबिबार–बेगर-थाव, जुंखाम-थाव आरो चेफ-बिबार-थावनिफ्राय मोनोहागौ। Several studies have indicated that garlic can reduce the cholesterol level in persons whose body normally cannot regulate it. गोबां बिजिरनायफोरा दिनथिबाय दि सामब्राम-गुफुरा मानसिफोरनि ख’लेसत्र’ल-थाखोखौ खमायनो हागौ जायफोरनि देहाया सरासनस्रायै बेखौ सामलायो हायो। The feet should be bathed in Epsom salt foot baths twice daily. आथिंआ सानफ्रोमबो एपसम-संख्रि-आथिं-थुखैग्रायाव थुखैजानांगोन। Another important cholesterol lowering herb is alfalfa. ख’लेसत्र’ल-खमायनाय गुबुन गोनां मुलि-बिफां आलफालफा। Lecithin helps prevent fatty deposits in arteries. लेचिटिना थै-रोदाफोराव मेजेम-गोनां-बुथुमनायफोरखौ होबथानो हेफाजाब होयो। Best food sources are unrefined, raw, crude vegetable oils, seeds and grains. साबसिन आदार फुंखाफोरा सरजायै, गोथां, सोदाङै-मैगं-थावफोर, बेगरफोर आरोलद्राफोर। Patients with heart disease should increase their intake of foods rich in vitamin E, as this vitamin promotes heart functioning by improving oxygenation of the cells. मैखुनबेराम गोनांबेरामिफोरागावसोर जानाय आदाराव भितामिनइ गोनांखौ बारायनांगौ, मानोना बे भितामिना जिबख्रिनि अकसिजेनहोनायखौ फोसाबनानै मैखुन हाबा मावनायखौ हेफाजाबहोयो। It also improves the circulation and muscle strength. बेयो खारसारनाय आरो मोदोम-बोलोखौबो फोसाबो। Many whole meal products and green vegetables, particularly the outer leaves of cabbage, are good sources of vitamin E. गोबां गासै-खाजा मुवाफोर आरो गोथां मैगंफोर, जुनियायै बान्दा-कबिनि सानि बिलाइफोरा भितामिनइनि मोजां फुंखाफोर। The vitamin B group is important for heart and circulatory disorders. भितामिनबि जुथुमाखारसारदिंग्रा- गाज्रिजानायफोर(disorders) आरो मैखुननि थाखाय गोनां। The best sources of vitamin B are whole grains. भितामिनबिनि साबसिन फुंखाफोरा गासै-लद्राफोर। Vitamin C is also essential as it protects against spontaneous breaks in capillary walls which can lead to heart attacks. भितामिनसिआबो गोनां मानोना बेयोकेपिलारि-बेरायाव ओरैनो बायनायनि बेरेखायै होबथायो जाय मैखुन-गाग्लोबथियाव दैदेननो हागौ। It also guards against high blood cholesterol. बेयो बां-थै-ख’लेसत्र’लनि बेरेखायैबोरैखा खालामो। Half a pound to one pound of salt may be added to a foot bath of hot water. से पाउण्डनि संख्रियाव मोनसे पाउण्ड खावसेया आथिं-थुखैग्रा दै गुदुंआव दाजाबजागोन। The stress of anger, fear, disappointment and similar emotions can raise blood fat and cholesterol levels immediately but this reaction to stress can do little harm if the diet is adequate in vitamin C and panthothenic acid. रागनि मेलेमारि नारसिनथाय,गिनाय, गोजोनै आरो एखेहांगोसोनि मोनदांथिफोरा थै मेजेम आरो ख’लेसत्र’ल बिबांफोरखौ थाबै जौखोहोयो,नाथाय बे मेलेमारि नारसिनथायनि फिनजाथाया इसेखहा खालामनो हायो जुदि आदारा भितामिनसि आरो पेनट’टेनिक एचिदाव थोजासे। The richest sources of vitamin C are citrus fruits. भितामिनसिनि गोनांसिन फुंखाफोरा गोखै(सित्रास)-फिथाइफोर। The patient should also pay attention to other laws of nature for health building such as taking moderate exercise, getting proper rest and sleep, adopting the right mental attitude and getting fresh air and drinking pure water. बेरामिफोरा गुबुन मिथिंगानिनेमावबो देहा बानायनाय जेरै थि ब्याम खालामनाय, थि आराम आरो उनदुनाय मोननाय, थि मेलेमारि साननायलानाय आरो थाजिम बार मोननाय आरो साफा-दै लोंनायनि थाखाय गोसोहोनांगोन। Hypertension or high blood pressure, as it is more commonly known, is regarded as the silent killer. बांद्रायजिंगा एबा बांथैनारसिनथाय, जेरै बेयो बांसिन सरासनस्रायै मिनथिजायोआ, स्रियै बुथारग्रा होनना गनायजायो। It is a disease of the modern age. बेयो गोदान बैसोनि बेराम। The fast pace of life and the mental and physical pressures caused by the industrial and metropolitan environments give rise to psychological tensions. दारिमिनारि आरो गेदेर नोगोर आबहावायाफोरजों जानाय गोख्रै जिउनि सोलायनाय आरो मेलेमारि आरो देहायारि नारसिनथाया देहासास्त्रसोमोनदैसिनथाजानायफोराव बां होयो। Worry and mental tension increase the adrenaline in the blood stream and this, in turn, causes the pressure of the blood to rise. जिंगा आरो मेलेमनि सापा थै दाहारनि एद्रिनालिनखौ बांहोयो आरो बेनि सोलायै, थैनि नारसिनथायखौ बांहोयो। The blood which circulates through the arteries within the body supplies every cell with nourishment and oxygen. थै जाय देहा सिंआव थै-रोदाफोराव गोसारोआ मोनफ्रोमबो जिबख्रिखौ पुष्टिगोनां-आदार आरो अक्सिजेनजों जगायो। The force exerted by the heart as it pumps the blood into the large arteries creates a pressure within them and this is called blood pressure. जेब्ला बेयो थैखौ गिदिर थै-रोदाफोराव नारोमैखुनजों बोलो बाहायजानाया बेफोरनि सिंआव नारसिनथाय सोमजिहोयो आरो बेखौ थै नारसिनथाय बुङो। A certain level of blood pressure is thus essential to keep the blood circulating in the body. थै नारसिनथायनि माखासे थाखोआ बेनिखायनो देहायाव थै गोसारनायखौ दोननो गोनां। Full Epsom salt baths should also be taken three times a week. फुरा-एपसम-संख्रि-आथिं-थुखैग्रायाबो सफथा खनसेयाव खेबथाम लानांगोन। But when the pressure becomes too high, it results in hypertension which is caused by spasms or the narrowing of the small blood vessels, known as capillaries, throughout the body. नाथाय जेब्ला नारसिनथाया बांद्राय बांनाय जायो, बे बांद्रायजिंगायाव दैदेनो, जाय गासैबो देहायाव रोदा-थनथ्र’नाय एबा फिसा थै-रोदाफोरनि सेबनाय केपिलारिफोर होनना मिनथिजानाय जों जायो। This narrowing puts more stress on the heart to pump blood through the blood vessels. बे सेबनाया मैखुनाव थै रोदाफोरजों थैखौ नारनायाव बांसिन मेलेमारि नारसिनथाय होयो। Hence, the pressure of the blood to get through rises in proportion to the pressure on the heart. बेनिखायनो, थैनि नारसिनथाया रुजाथायाव बारलांनो मैखुननि नारसिनथायाव जौगायो। The blood pressure is measured with an instrument called sphygmomanometer in millimetres of the mercury. थै नारसिनथाया सिकम’मेन’मिटार बुंजानाय जनत्रजोंपारानि मिलि-लिटारफोराव सुजायो। The highest pressure reached during each heartbeat is called systolic pressure and the lowest between two beats is known as diastolic pressure. मोनफ्रोमबो मैखुन-मावखांनाय समाव बांसिन नारसिनथाय सौहानायखौ सिसटलिक- नारसिनथाय बुङो आरो मोननै मावखांनाय गेजेरनि खमसिनखौ डिसट’लिक- नारसिनथाय होनना मिनथिजायो। The first gives the pressure of the contraction of the heart as it pushes the blood on its journey through the body and indicates the activity of the heart. सेथियामैखुननि सुंनायनि नारसिनथायहोयो जेब्ला बेयो गावनि लामायाव देहानिफ्राय थैखौ नारहरो आरो मैखुननि खामानिखौ फोरमायो। The second represents the pressure present in the artery when the heart is relaxed and shows the condition of the blood vessels. नैथिया थै-रोदायाव थानाय नारसिनथायखौ दिनथियो जेब्लामैखुना गोजोन आरो थै-रोदाफोरनि थासारिखौ दिनथियो। The blood pressure level considered normal is 120/70, but may go up to 140/90 and still be normal. सरासनस्रा थै नारसिनथाय थाखो सानजानाया 120/70, नाथाय 140/90सिम थांनो हागौ, होमबाबो सरासनस्रा। Blood pressure between 140/90 and 160/95 is considered border line area. 140/90 आरो 160/95नि गेजेराव थानाय थै नारसिनथाया सिमना सिन सानजायो। From 160/96 to 180/144, it is classed as moderate hypertension, while 180/115 upward is considered severe. 160/96निफ्राय 180/144सिमा नेमनि बांद्रायजिंगायाव थाखो-रानजायो जेब्ला180/115नि गोजौवा गोख्रोंयै सानजायो। Mild and moderate hypertension may not produce any symptoms for years. इसे आरो नेमनि गोजौ थै नारसिननाया (बांद्रायजिंगा)गोबाव बोसोरसिम जेबो लैखोनफोर नुजाथिहोनाय नङा। An irregular lifestyle, smoking and an excessive intake of intoxicants, tea, coffee, cola drinks and refined foods destroy the natural pace of life. सरारनस्रा नङै जिउराहा, थांखु-सोबनाय आरो निसाफोरनि बांद्राय जानाय, साहा, कफि, कला लोंग्राफोर आरो सरजानाय आदारफोरा मिथिंगियारि जिउनि आगानखौ फोजोबस्राङो। Influenza is passed on with ease from the affected person to many others who are also in an equally low vital state. गगा लोमजानाया गोहोमगोग्लैजानाय सुबुं निफ्राय गोबां गुबुनफोर जायफोराबो समाननै गाहाय गोनां अबस्थायावगोरलैयै बारदेरजायो। The expulsion of waste and poisonous matter from the body is prevented and the arteries and the veins become slack. देहानिफ्राय मैला आरो बिसगोनां मुवाफोर गारनाया होबथाजाबाय आरो थै-रोदाफोर आरो रोदाफोरा गुरै जायो। Hardening of the arteries, obesity, diabetes and severe constipation also lead to hypertension. थै-रोदाफोरनि रानाय,मोदोम गिदिर, डायबेटिस आरो गोख्रों खि-गोरा जानायाबो गोजौ थै नारसिननायाव (बांद्रायजिंगा) दैदेनो। Other causes of high blood pressure are excessive intake of pain-killers, table salt, food allergies and eating a high-fat, low-fibre diet and processed foods deficient in essential nutrients. बांथैनारसिनथायनि गुबुन जाहोनफोरा सागानाय मुलिफोर, संख्रि, मानग्रा आदारफोरनि बांदाय जानाय आरो गोबां मेजेम, खम बेजे आदार जानाय आरो गोनां निउत्रिएनफोराव खम साजायनाय आदारफोर। Drugs do not remove the cause, nor do they cure the condition. मुलिफोरा जानायखौ बोखाया, बेसोरो थासारिखौ फाहामाबो। All drugs against hypertension without exception are toxic and have distressing side-effects. गोजौ थै नारसिननायनि(बांद्रायजिंगा)बेरेखायै गासैबो मुलिफोरा बाद होआलाबा बिस आरो सिनथाजानायनि गाज्रि-फिनजाथाय दं। The safest way to cure hypertension is to eliminate the poisons from the system which cause it. गोजौ थै नारसिननायखौ (बांद्रायजिंगा) खैफोदगैयै लामाजों फाहामनोआ जाय बेखौ जाहोयो बिखानथिनिफ्राय बिसखौ बोखानो। Persons with high blood pressure should always follow a well-balanced routine of proper diet, exercise and rest. बांथैनारसिनथाय गोनां सुबुंफोरा मोजां जखानि थि आदार, बियाम आरो जेरायनायनि मावफारिखौ जेब्लायबो फालिनांगोन। Diet is of primary importance. आदारा गुदि गोनांथि। Meat and eggs cause blood pressure to rise more than any other food. बेदर आरो बिदैफोरा (दावदै) थैनारसिनथायखौ जिखुनुजा गुबुन आदारनिख्रुइ बांसिन जौगाहोयो। The first symptom may appear in the form of pain in the back of the head and neck on waking in the morning, which soon disappears. गिबि लैखोना फुंआव थाबायनायाव खर’ आरो गोदोनानि खिथुआव सानाय महराव नुजानो हागौ जाय थाबौ गोमोयो। A natural diet consisting of fresh fruits and vegetables, instead of a traditional diet, is helpful in getting rid of the poisons from the body. सोलिबोनाय आदारफोरनि जायगायाव, थाजिम फिथाइफोर आरो मैगंफोर थानाय मिथिंगियारि आदारा, देहानिफ्राय बिसफोरखौ एंगारनायाव हेफाजाबगोनां। A hypertension patient should start the process of healing by living on all- fruit diet for atleast a week, and take fruits at five-hourly intervals, thrice a day. गोजौ थै नारसिननाय(बांद्रायजिंगा) बेरामिया फाहामनायनि फारिखानथिखौ जुरिनांगोन, खमबाबो सबथाखुनसेसिम गासैबो-फिथाय-आदाराव थानानै, आरो सानसेआव बा गन्टा गेजेराव थाथ’नायाव खेबथाम फिथायफोर जाना थानानै। He should take juicy fruits such as oranges, apples, pears, mangoes, guavas, pineapples and grapes. बियो बिदै-गोनां फिथायफोर जानांगोन जेरै खमलाफोर, आपेलफोर, नासफातथिफोर, सफारिफोर, रैमालिफोर आरो आंगुरफोर। Milk may be taken after a week of a diet of fruits only. गाइखेरा फिथाय आदारनि सबथाखुनसेनि उनाव ल’ लोंनो हागोन। The milk should be fresh and boiled only once. गाइखेरा (थाजा) जानांगोन आरो खुनसेल’ फुदुंनांगोन। The patient can be permitted cereals in the diet after two weeks. बेरामिया सबथाखुननैनि उनाव आदाराव cereals फोर होजागोन। Vegetables are also good for a patient of hypertension. गोजौ थै नारसिननाय(बांद्रायजिंगा) बेरामिनि थाखाय मैगंफोराबो मोजां। They should preferably be taken raw. साइख’जाथाव बायदिब्ला बेसोरो गोथांयै जानांगोन। If they are cooked, it could be ensured that their natural goodness is not destroyed in the process of cooking. जुदि बेसोरो संजाबाय, बेयो थार जानो हागौ दि बेसोरनि मिथिंगियारि मोजांआ संनायनि फारिखानथिआव फोजोबस्रां जाया। Vegetables like cucumber, carrot, tomato, onion, radish, cabbage and spinach are best taken in their raw form. मैगंफोर जेरै थाइबें, गाजर, फानथाव गोखै (फानथाव एमबु), सामब्राम, मुला, खफि आरो सेनाखफिफोरा साफसिन बेसोरनि गोथां महराव। Some of the other usual symptoms of hypertension are dizziness, aches and pains in the arms, shoulder region, leg and back, palpitation, pain in the heart region, frequent urination, nose-bleeding, nervous tension and fatigue, crossness, emotional upsets, tiredness and wakefulness. गोजौ थै नारसिननायनि (बांद्रायजिंगा)माखासे गुबुन सरासनस्रा लैखोनफोराखर’गिदिंनाय, आखानथि, फाफ्लि बाहागो, आथिं आरो बिखुंआव सानाय,मैखुनमावग्लुंनाय, मैखुन बाहागोआव सानाय, गले-गले हासुनाय, गनथं थै-गनाय, गिनाय, सिनथा आरो मेंग्लिनाय, थाब रागाजोंनाय, आबेगारि दुखुफोर, मेंनाय आरो उनदुनोहायै। They may be cut into small pieces and sprinkled with a little salt and the juice of a lemon added to them so as to make them more palatable. बेसोरो फिसा थुख्राफोराव हाजानो हागौ आरो एसे संख्रिजों सारजाबाय आरो नारेंनि बिदैया बेसोरनाव लागायजाबाय बेसोरखो बांसिन जाथाव बानायनो। The intake of salt should be restricted; in any case it should not be taken more than four grams or half a teaspoon per day. संख्रिनि जानायखौ होबथानांगोन, जिखुनुजा अब्सथायाव, बेयो सानसेआव ब्रै ग्राम एबा साहा सामुसनि खावसेनि बारा जानांआ। Baking powder, containing sodium carbonate should also be avoided. चडियाम-खारबनेट थाफानाय बेखिं-फावदाराबो एंगारनांगोन। Garlic is regarded as one of the most effective remedies to lower blood pressure. सामब्राम-गुफुरा थै-नारसिनथाय खमायनोआव मोनसे साफसिन गाउनगोनां फाहामग्रा सानजायो। The pressure and tension are reduced because it has the power to ease the spasm of the small arteries. नारसिनथाय आरो सिनथायफोरा खमायबाय मानोना बेहा थै-रोदाफोरनि रोदा-थनथ्र’नायखौ खमायनो गोहो दं। Garlic also slows the pulse and modifies the heart rhythm besides relieving the symptoms of dizziness, numbness, and shortness of breath and the formation of gas within the digestive tract. सामब्राम-गुफुराखर’गिदिंनायनि अनगायै, थरमोनै, आरो हां सुंनाय आरो हजमजाग्रा-लामा सिंआव गेस जानायनि लैखोनफोरखौ सुग्लायनानैबोनारि-मावनायखौ खमायो आरो मैखुनदेंखोखौ फोसाबो। The average dosage should be two to three capsules a day to make a dent in the blood pressure. सरासनस्रा पालिया सानसेआव मोननै निफ्राय मोनथाम बरि थैनारसिनथायाव खमायनो। Recent studies have revealed an important link between dietary calcium and potassium and hypertension. बावैसो नायबिजिरनाया आदारारिकेलसियाम आरो पटेसियाम आरो गोजौ थै नारसिननाय। (बांद्रायजिंगा)नि गेजेराव गोनां लिंक नुजाथिहोबाय। Researchers have found that people who take potassium-rich diets have a low incidence of hypertension even if they do not control their salt-intake. नायबिजिरग्राफोरा मोनबाय दि सुबुंफोर जाय पटेसियाम-गोनां-आदारफोर जायोहा गोजौ थै नारसिननायनि (बांद्रायजिंगा) गाहाय हार दं जुदिअबो बिसोरो गावसोरनि संख्रि जानायखौ दबथाया। They have also found that people with hypertension do not seem to get much calcium in the form of dairy products. बिसोरो मोनबावबाय दि गोजौ थै नारसिननाय (बांद्रायजिंगा) गोनांसुबुंफोरा गाइखेर-मुवाफोरनि महराव बांद्राय केलसियाम मोननाय नुआ। A person suffering from high blood pressure cannot do any serious work, feels tired and out of sorts all the time. बांथैनारसिनथायनिफ्राय भुगिनाय सुबुंआ गोख्रों हाबा मावनो हाया, जेब्लायबोमेंनाय आरोदेहा गाज्रि मोनो। The two essential nutrients seem to help the body throw off excess sodium and are involved in important functions which control the working of the vascular system Potassium is found in abundance in fruits and vegetables and calcium in dairy products. फिथायफोर आरो मैगंफोर आरो गाइखेर-मुवाफोराव केलसियामामोननै गोनां निउत्रिएनफोराव गोबांयै मोनो जाय भासकुलार बिखानथि पटेसियामनि मावनायखौ सामलायनायाबांद्राय चडियामखौ देहानिफ्राय गारनायाव होफाजाब होनाय नुयो आरो गोनां खामानिफोराव थाफायो। The patient of hypertension should follow a plan of a well-balanced diet in which the constituents of food should be approximately in the following proportion: carbohydrate twenty per cent, protein ten to fifteen per cent, fat five per cent and fruits and vegetable sixty to sixty-five percent. गोजौ थै नारसिननायनि (बांद्रायजिंगा) बेरामियामोजां-सुथाय आदारनि बिथांखिखौ फालिनांगोन जेराव आदारनि बाहागोफोरा फ्रायै गाहायनि रुजुथायाव जानांगोन: कारब’हायद्रेट नैजि जौखौनदो, प्रटिन जि-जिबा जौखौनदो, मेजेम बा जौखौनदो आरो फिथाइफोर आरो मैगं दजि- दजिबा जौखौनदो। In this plan, one main meal should be based on raw foods while the second main meal may consist of cooked foods. बे बिथांखियाव मोनसे गुबै आदारा गोथां आदारफोराव सोनारजानांगोनजेब्ला मेनसे नैथि गुबै आदारा सांनाय आदार थाफानो हागौ। Meals should be taken slowly and in a relaxed atmosphere. आदारफोरा गोजोन थासारियाव आरो लासैयै जानांगोन। Food should be well masticated as the process of digestion begins in the mouth. आदारा मोजांयै आरग्लिनांगोन मानोना हजमजानायनि फारिखानथिया खुगायाव जाजेनो। Dinner should not normally be taken late. मोनानि आदारा सरासनस्रायै गोबावयै जानाङा। Low blood sugar, or hypoglycaemia, to give it a proper medical term, is a disorder of blood sugar metabolism. खम थै सिनि एबा हायप’ग्लायकेमिआ, बेखौ थि मेडिकेल ओंथि होनोआ थै सिनि सोबखांनायनि बेराम। It is a condition in which the pancreas produces excessive insulin, causing the blood sugar to drop. बे मोनसे थासारि जेराव पेनक्रिआस खोख्लैनो थाखाय, थै सिनिखौ जाहोनानै गोबां इनसुलिनखौ दिहुनो। This may result in diabetes in later life. बेयो उननि जिउआव डायबेटिसनि जाउन होनो हागौ। Hypoglycaemia sometimes occurs in healthy people some hours after a meal rich in carbohydrates, especially following muscular exertion. हायप’ग्लायकेमिआ माब्लाबा देहागोनां सुबुंफोरनाव काब’हायड्रेटस गोनां आदारनि इसे घनटा उनावजायो, जुनियायैमोदोमारि कष्ट’खौ उन-होसोनानै। He may experience difficulty in breathing and suffer from dyspepsia. बियो हां लानायाव गोब्राब मोनदांनो आरो डायसपेपसिआनिफ्राय भुगिनो हागौ । It is frequently found in the first few days of life, especially in premature infants. बेयो गले-गले जिउनि गिबि मोखासे दिनफोराव, जुनियायै थाब-जोनोमजानाय खुदियाफोरनाव मोनो। Hypoglycaemia is a serious disorder as the brain cannot function properly when the blood sugar level is too low. हायप’ग्लायकेमिआया गोख्रों बेराम मानोना मेलेमा थियै खामानि होआ जेब्ला थै सिनि थाखोआ जोबोद खम। Like all other organs of the body, the brain receives its fuel from the diet. गासैबो गुबुन आंगोफोर बायदि, मेलेमा आदारनिफ्राय गावनि बोलोखौ (फुएल) मोनो। But it can use only the sugar produced by the body from the carbohydrates. नाथाय बेयो काब’हायड्रेटसनिफ्राय देहाजों दिहुनजानाय सिनिखौ ल’ बाहायनो हायो। Unlike many other body tissues, it cannot store its fuel. गोबां गुबुन देहा बिदामफोर बायदि नङा, बे गावनि बोलोखौ दोनथुमनो हायो। Therefore, it must get a constant supply of sugar through the blood stream. बेनिखायनो, बेयो थै-दाहार गेजेरजों सिनिनि दिदोमजगायनाय मोननांगोन। Mental disturbances caused by low blood sugar levels can seriously affect a person's life and repeated attacks of hypoglycaemia may lead to permanent mental changes. खम थै सिनि थाखोफोरजों जानाय मेलेमआरिखायसोफोरा सुबुंनि जिउखौ गोख्रोंयै गोहोम खोख्लैयो आरोहायप’ग्लायकेमिआनि खनले-खनले गोहोम खोख्लैनाया जुगामि मेलेमारि सोलायनायफोराव दैदेननो हागौ। A craving for sweets and starches in excessive amounts between meals is the first sign of a low blood sugar level. आदारनि गेजेराव गोदैफोर आरो मारगोनांनि बांद्राय बिबां लुगैनाया खम थै सिनि थाखोनि गुदि(सेथि)नेरसोन। When the blood sugar level falls much below normal, symptoms such as palpitations, excessive sweating, nervousness, irritability, fatigue, depression, disturbed vision and headache appear. जेब्ला थै सिनिथाखोआ सरासनस्रानि जोबोद गाहायाव गोग्लैयो,लैखोनफोर जेरै मैखुनमावग्लुंनाय, बांद्राय गोलोमनाय, गिनाय, राग, मेंग्लिनाय, सिनथा, आसानथि मिजिं आरो खर’सानाय नुजायो। Other symptoms are trembling, numbness, absent-mindedness, dizziness, and some sexual disturbances. गुबुन लैखोनफोरा खमफिनाय,थरमोनै, गोसोआव-थायै,खर’गिदिंनाय, आरो इसे आथोन खायसोफोर। Hypertension, if not eliminated, may cause heart attacks or strokes and other disabilities such as detachment of the retina. गोजौ थै नारसिननाया (बांद्रायजिंगा)जुदि एंगारजायाब्ला, मैखुन-गोग्लोबथिफोर एबा स्त्र’कफोरआरो गुबुन लोरबांथिफोर जेरै रेटिनानि बोखानाय जाहोनो हागौ। Most patients feel hungry and eat frequently to get over the feeling of weakness and emotional irritability. गोबां बेरामिफोरा लोरबांथि मोननाय आरो आबेगारिरागनिफ्राय बारगनो उखैनाय मोनो आरो गले-गले जायो। They feel tense if they have to go without food for several hours. बिसोरो सिनथा मोनो जुदि बिसोरहा गोबां गनटासिम आदार गैयालाबा थांनागोन। The onset is sudden and the patient may quickly become confused and clumsy. जाजेनाया हरखाब आरो बेरामिया थाबैनो गोनोगोथो आरोगल’गथ’जानो हागौ। If the condition is not treated promptly, he may become unconscious or very sleepy. जुदि थासारिया थाबै फाहामजाया, बियो हुसगैयै एबा जोबोद उनदुनो ओंखारदों जानो हागौ। Low blood sugar is usually caused by an excessive intake of refined foods, sugar and sugary foods as well as soft drinks, cola drinks and coffee. खम थै सिनिया सरासनस्रायै सरजानाय आदारफोर, सिनि आरो सिनियारि आदारफोर लोगोसे गुरै लोंग्राफोर, कला लोंग्राफोर आरो कफिनि बांद्राय जानाय-लोंनायजों जायो। These substances cause the pancreas, the adrenal glands and the liver to lose their ability to handle the sugar properly. बेफोर मुवाफोरा सिनिखौ मोजांयै सामलायनोआव पेनख्रिआस, सा-गिला-बिथोबफोर आरो बिखाखौ गावसोरनि गोहोखौ गोमाहोयो। An attack of hypoglycaemia may be precipitated by the administration of insulin or similar drugs without adequate carbohydrate coverage during the treatment of diabetes mellitus. हायप’ग्लायकेमियानि गाग्लोबनाया इनसुलिननि गोहोजों एबा डायबेटिस मेलिटासनि फाहामनायाव थोजासे कारब’हायद्रेटकाभारेज गैयै एखेहां मुलिफोरजोंजानो हागौ। Other causes of low blood sugar are tumours of the islet cells of pancreas which secrete insulin, disturbed functioning of the liver, pituitary gland or adrenal glands. खम थै सिनिनि गुबुन जाहोनफोरा पेनख्रिआसनि आयलेट-जिबख्रिफोरनि बेदरफोरजाय इनसुलिन हगारो, बिखा, पिथिउथारि-बिथोबफोर एबा सा-गिला-बिथोबफोरनि मोजांङै खामानि होयौ। Stress intensifies this condition as it weakens the adrenal glands and starts a faulty pattern of glucose intolerance. मेलेमारि नारसिनथाय बे थासारिखौ बांहोयो मानोना बेयो सा-गिला-बिथोबफोरखौ लोरबां खालामो आरो ग्लुखस सहानो हायैनि गोरोनथि गोनां नेरसोनखौ जागायो। The high animal protein diet generally prescribed for hypoglycaemia is not suitable for this disorder. गोबां जुनार प्रटिन आदारा सरासनस्रायै हायप’ग्लायकेमियानि थाखाय थिनजानाया, बे बेरामनि थाखाय हमजाथाव(थि) नङा। The most important causes of hypertension are stress and a faulty style of living. गोजौ थै नारसिननायनि (बांद्रायजिंगा) बांसिन गोनां जाहोनफोरा मेलेमारि नारसिनथाय आरो गोरोनथिगोनांथानाय। It may help control the condition temporarily, but it is harmful in many other respects. बेयो दसेनि थाखाय थासारिखौ सामलायनो हेफाजाब होनो हागौ, नाथाय बेयो गुबुन गोबां बिथिंफोराव खहागोनां। Continuous intake of high protein diet may lead to other diseases like heart trouble, arthritis, kidney problem and cancer. गोबां प्रटिन आदारनि गले-गले जानाया गुबुन बेरामफोर जेरैमैखुनजेंना, आरथ्रिथिस , गिला जेंना आरो केनसाराव दैदेननो हागौ। The ideal diet for hypoglycaemia should be based on three basic food groups, namely grains, seeds and nuts, vegetables and fruits, supplemented by milk, milk products and vegetable oils. हायप’ग्लायकेमियानि थाखाय साबसिन आदारा मोनथाम गुदि आदार हानजाफोराव सोनारनांगोन, जेरै लद्राफोर, बेगरफोर आरो बादामफोर, मैगंफोर आरो फिथाइफोर, गाइखेर, गाइखेर मुवाफोर आरो मैगं थावफोरजों फुराखालामजागोन। Seeds, nuts and grains should be the main constituents of this diet. बेगरफोर, बादामफोर आरो लद्राफोरा बे आदारनि गुबै बाहागोफोर जानांगोन। Seeds and nuts should be taken in their raw form. बेगरफोर आरो बादामफोरा गावसोरनि गोथां-महराव जाजानांगोन। Grains in the form of cereals should be cooked. लद्राफोर चिरिलसनि महरावआ संजानांगोन। Cooked grains are digested slowly and they release the nutrients and sugar into the blood stream gradually, six to eight hours after meals. संजानाय लद्राफोरा लासैयै हजमजायो आरो द’निफ्राय दाइन गनटा जानायनि उनाव बेसोरो थै दाहाराव लासै-लासैनिउत्रिएनफोर आरो सिनि हगारो। This will keep the blood sugar level normal and constant for a long period. बेयो थै सिनि थाखोखौ सरासनस्रा आरो गोबाव समनि थाखाय दिदोम दोनगोन। Persons suffering from low blood sugar should take six to eight small meals a day instead of two or three large ones. खम थै सिनि निफ्राय भुगिनाय सुबुंफोरा सानसेआव नै एबा थाम बुरजाफोरनि बदलाव द’निफ्राय दाइननि इसे आदार जानांगौ। Eating raw nuts and seeds such as pumpkin or sunflower seeds or drinking milk, butter-milk or fruit juices between meals will be highly beneficial. आदार जानाय गेजेराव गोथां बादाम आरो बेगरफोर जानाय जेरै जोगोनार आरो सान-बिबार बेगरफोर आरो गाइखेर, माखन-गाइखेर एबा फिथाइ बिदैफोर लोंनाया गोबांयै मुलामफा गोनां जागोन। People who are usually tense suffer from high blood pressure, especially when under stress. सुबुंफोर जाय फ्रायै सिनथा थायोआ बांथैनारसिनथायनिफ्राय भुगियो, जुनियायै जेब्ला मेलेमारि नारसिनथाय सिंआव। All refined and processed foods, white sugar, white flour and their by-products should be completely eliminated from the diet. गासैबो सरजानाय आरो खुजानाय आदारफोर, गुफुर सिनि, गुफुर आथा आरो बिसोरनि मुवा-मोननायफोरा आदारनिफ्राय फुरायै बोखाजानांगोन। Coffee, alcohol and soft drinks should also be avoided. कफि, जौ आरो गुरै-लोंग्राफोराबो एंगारजानांगोन। The consumption of salt should be reduced as an excessive intake of salt causes loss of blood potassium, which causes blood sugar to drop. संख्रिनि जानाया खमायनांगोन मानोना संख्रिनि बांद्राय जानाया थै प’टाछिआमनि खहा जाहोयो, जाय थै सिनिखौ खोख्लै होयो। Influenza, also known as flu, is the clinical condition that results from infection with influenza virus. गगा लोमजानाय, फ्लुबो हानना मिथिजायोआ ख्लिनिखल थासारि जाय गगा लोमजानायजों सनदेरनाय निफ्राय जायो। The main effects of the influenza virus are on the upper respiratory tract, the nose and throat, with possible spread and involvement of the lungs and bronchi. गगा लोमजानायनि गुबै जाउनफोरा गोजौ-हां-लामायाव, गनथं आरो गारमा, जानोहाथाव बारदेरनायजों आरो संफ्लफोर आरो भ्रनखायनि बाहागो-लाफानाय। It is highly contagious and it has a potential to cause widespread epidemics affecting a sizeable portion of a population at any time. बेयो जोबोद बारस्लायग्रा (बारदेरनाय) आरो बेहा सुबुं अनजिमानि गोबां बाहागोखौ जिखुनुजा समाव गोहोम खोख्लैनायनि गुवार गोसारनाय बारदेरग्रा-बेरामफोर जाहोनो गोहो दं। Although the disease is more common during the cold months, it may strike at any time. जुदिअबो बेरामा गुसु दानफोराव बांसिन सरासनस्रा, बेयो जिखुनुजा समाव गाग्लोबनो हागौ। It usually begins with chills, fever, headache and severe muscular pains. बेयो सरासनस्रायै गोजांनायफोर, लोमजानाय, खर’सानाय आरो गोख्रों मोदोमारि सानायफोरजों जाजेनो। The patient feels miserable and weak. बेरामिया सुखगैयै आरो लोरबां मोनो। There is an inflammation in the nose and throat, which may spread down the windpipe to the lungs, resulting in a sore throat, cough, running of the nose and eyes. गुनथं आरो गारमायाव बुनाय दं, जाय गारमा थेरनाय, गुजुनाय जाहोयो, गुनथं आरो मेगननि खारनायाव हां-नालानिफ्राय संफ्लफोरसिम गाहायाव बारदेरनो हागौ । If the stress continues for a long period, the pressure may become permanently raised and may not come down even after removal of the stress. जेब्ला मेलेमारि नारसिनथाया गोबाव समसिम सोलिबायथायो, नारसिनथाया जुगामियै बांनाय जानो हागौ आरोमेलेमारि नारसिनथायनि बोखानायनि उनावबो खमायनाय नङा। In milder cases of influenza, the temperature rises to 102*F and lasts for two or three days. गगा लोमजानायनि माहि बेलायाव, बिदुंआ 102 डिग्रिफेरानहाइटसिम जौगायो आरो नै एबा थाम सानफोरनि थाखाय जोरो। In severe cases, it may go up to 104*F and last for four to five days. गोब्राब जाथायफोराव, बेयो 104 डिग्रिफेरानहाइट गोजौसिम थांनो हागौ आरो ब्रैनिफ्राय बा सानफोरनि थाखाय जोरो। The weakness and fatigue that follows may continue for several weeks. लोरबांथि आरो मेंग्लिनाय जाय उन-होसोफायोआ गोबाव सफथाफोरनि थाखाय सोलिबायथानो हागौ। This may be followed by a deep chest cough due to irritation in the windpipe. बेयो हां-लामायाव माननायनि थाखाय गोथौ जेरबा गुजुनायजों उन-होसोफाजानो हागौ। In children the disease may start with a convulsion and a rapid rise in temperature to 105*F to 106*F. गथ’फोरनाव, बेरामा 105डिग्रिफेरानहाइटनिफ्राय 106डिग्रिफेरानहाइटबिदुंआव गोख्रै जौगानायआरो मावग्लुंनायजों जाजेनो हागौ । The patient feels extremely weak. बेरामिआ जोबोद लोरबां मोनदांओ। Influenza is what is known as germ disease. गगा लोमजानाया जायबिजानु बेरामनि महरै मिथिजायो। It is, however, now caused primarily by the action of the germs and is generally believed, but develops due to a toxic and run-down condition of the system of the affected person. बेयो थेवबो, दानिया गिबियाव बिजानुनि हाबाजों जोयो आरो सरासनस्रायै फोथायजायो, नाथाय बिसआरो गोहोमगोग्लैजानाय सुबुंनिबिखानथिनि बाहायना जामनाय थासारिनि थाखाय जौगायो। This condition is brought about by dietetic errors and a faulty style of living such as worry, overwork, lack of proper exercise, living in stuffy rooms and keeping late hours. बे थासारिया जानाय-लोंनाय गोरोनथिफोर आरोगोरोनथिगोनांथानाय जेरै सिनथा, बांद्राय-मावनाय, थि बियामनि खथि, थोनो-थोनो खथाफोराव थानाय आरो गोबाव गनटासिम थानायजों जायो। No germs can find lodgement and become active in the system of a person who is perfectly healthy in the true sense of the term. रावबो बिजानुआ जायगा मोना आरो सासे सुबुंनि बिखानथिआव जायसोदोबनि थारमोदांथियाव थियै देहागोनांमावथि जायो। That is how an epidemic starts. बिदिनो मोनसे मारखिया जागायो। Bananas, or dried, stewed or tinned fruits, however, should not be taken. नाथाय, थालिरफोर, एबा गोरान, रुनाय एबा थेमायावदोननाय फिथायफोरखौ जानो नाङा। A hot water enema should be taken daily during this period to ensure regular bowel elimination, thereby preventing the absorption of decomposed, poisonous material into the blood stream. बे समाव मोनसे गुदुं दै एनेमाया अरायथा उदै साफाखालामनो सानफ्रोमबो लाजानांगौ, बिदियै थै दाहाराव सेवलांनाय, बिसगोनां मुवा सोबखांनायखौ होबथायो। No other foodstuff should be added to the fruit meals; otherwise the value of the treatment will be lost. फिथाय खाजाफोराव गुबुन जेबो आदारखौनो दाजाबदेरनो नाङा; नङाब्ला सिकितसानि गुना गोमागोन। This may be followed by a further two or three days on fruit and milk diet. बेयो नै एबा थाम सानसोबाव फिथाइ आरो गायखेर खाजाजों उनहोसोजानो हायो। Thereafter, the patient may adopt a well-balanced diet of three basic food groups, namely, seeds, nuts and grains, vegetables and fruits as outlined in Chapter 1 on Diet in health and disease. बेनि उनाव, बेरामिया, डाइत इन हेल्थ एन्ड दिजिसनि आयदा 1 याव फोरमायनायबादियैब्ला मोनथाम गुबै आदार हानजाफोर मुंथियै, बेगरफिथाइफोर, बादाम आरो ग्रेइनफोर, मैगंथायगंफोर आरो फिथाइ सामथाइफोरनि मोनसे मोजां सुथायगोनां आदार नाजावनो हायो। Spices and condiments, and pickles, which make food more palatable and lead to overeating, must be avoided. मसला आरो मसलिफोर, आरो आसारफोरखौ, जायफोरा आदारखौ जोबोर गोथाव आरो बांद्रायजानायखौ दैदेनो, नेवसिथारनांगोन। Lemon juice may be used in salad dressing. साजायनाय सालादाव लिबु बिदैखौ बाहायनो हायो। Carrot and spinach juices have been found especially beneficial in the treatment of influenza. गाजार आरो स्पिनाक बिदैफोरखौ गुबैयै इनफ्लुयेनजा सिकितसायाव मुलामफा मोननाय जादों। The juices of these two vegetables may be taken separately or in combination by mixing six ounces of spinach juice with ten ounces of carrot juice. बेफोर मोननै मैगंफोरनि बिदैफोरखौ आलदायै एबा गाजार बिदैनि जि आवन्सजों स्पिनाक बिदैनि द आवन्स गलायदेरनानै जयै लाजायो। The vegetables should, however, be thoroughly washed with plenty of cold, running water to remove the remnants of insecticide sprays etc before juices are extracted. नाथाय बिदैफोरखौ सेबखनायनि सिगां एमफौमुलि स्प्रेफोरनि थालांनाय बायदिफोरखौ बोखारनो मैगंफोरखौ बोहैबायथानाय गोबां दै गुसुजों मोजाङै सुस्रानांगौ। During the course of the fever, the natural way of reducing temperature is by means of cold packs. लोमजानायनि फालिथाय समाव, बिदुंखौ बोखारनायनि मिथिंगायारि राहाया जादों गुसु पेकफोरनि राहाफोर। Influenza, like all other acute diseases, is a natural attempt at self-cleansing and if rightly treated in a natural way, immense good can ensue so far as the future health of the patient is concerned. गुबुन गासै गोसा बेरामफोरबादि, इनफ्लुयेनजा गावबागाव सिखोनसाखोनाव सोनारनाय मोनसे मिथिंगायारि गागलोबनाय आरो मोनसे मिथिंगायारि राहायाव मोजाङै जोथोनलायोब्ला, बेरामिनि इउन देहानि बेलायाव जोबोर मोजां मिथाइ होनो हायो। It is advisable to apply a body pack several times a day, with one to the throat in case of a sore throat. गोदना खाब्रांजानायनि बेलायाव गोदनायाव मोनसे बाहायनायजों सानसेयाव गोबां खेब देहा पेक बाहायनाया बोसोनहोथावना। The pack is made by wringing out a sheet or other large square piece of linen material in cold water, wrapping it right around the body and legs of the patient and then covering completely with a blanket. बे पेकखौ गुसु दैयाव गांसे जि एबा गुबुन खुन मुवायारिनि गिदिर आखानथिब्रैनि थुख्राखौ मस्रायनानै बानायो, बेखौ बेरामिनि देहा आरो आथिंफोरनि सोरगिदिं मेरायो आरो बेनिउनाव गांसे कमबलजों आबुङै खोबनाय जायो। In case of the throat pack, the linen may be covered with a piece of flannel. गोदना पेकनि बेलायाव, लिनेनखौ गोबाउलसिनि मोनसे थुख्राजों खोबनो हायो। The packs can be kept for an hour or so. पेकफोरखौ से घनता एबा बेनि बांसिन सम लाखिजायो। The body should be sponged with tepid water after removing the pack. पेकखौ बोखारनायनि उनाव देहाखौ दुंब्रद दैगोनां स्पन्जजों हुगारनांगौ। The patient should be kept in bed and should stay there till he is well again. बेरामिखौ एमाव लाखिनांगौ आरो बियो हामफिननायसिम बैयावनो थानांगौ। The term insomnia literally denotes a complete lack of sleep. ओंथिबादियै आइसमनियाआ उनदुनायनि आबुं आंखालखौ फोरमायो। It is, however, used to indicate a relative inability to sleep that consists of difficulty in falling asleep, difficulty in staying asleep, early awakening or a combination of any of these complaints. थेउबो बेखौ उनदुनो हायिनि सोमोनदोखौ दिनथिनो बाहायो जाय उनदुखननो ओंखारनायनि गोब्राबथि, उनदुखनना थानायनि गोब्राबथि, थाबै सिरिमोननाय एबा बेफोर जेंनाफोरनि जायखिजाया जथायखौ लाफायो। Insomnia deprives the person of mental rest and thereby interferes with his activities in the day time. आइसमनियाया सुबुंनि मेलेमारि जिरायनायखौ सेखयो आरो बिदिनो सान समाव बिनि खामानिफोरखौ हेंथाहोयो। It constitutes a severe health hazard when it becomes a habit. बेयो मोनसे गोब्राब देहा खैफोद सोमजिहोयो जेब्ला बेयो मोनसे हुदा जाबोयो। The treatment of the disease along modern medical lines may bring about many complications such as pneumonia, kidney disorders, ear and chest troubles. गोदान मेदिकेल सिरिफोरजों बेरामनि सिकितासाखालामनाया गोबां जेंनाफोर लाबोनो हागौ जेरैबादि निउमनिया, किदनि गाज्रिजानाय, खोमा आरो बिखा जेंनाफोर। Sleep is a periodic state of rest for the body which is absolutely essential for its efficient functioning. उनदुनाया देहानि थाखाय जिरायनायनि मोनसे समारि थासारि जाय बेनि आखा-फाखा खामानिमावनायनि थाखाय गमामायैनो गोनां। It is the indispensable condition to the recuperation of energy. बेयो गोहो मोनफिननायनि थाखाय गोनांथार थासारि। It gives relief from tension, rests the brain and body and a person wakes up in the morning fresh and relaxed. बेयो जिंगानिफ्राय रैखाहोयो, मेलेम आरो देहाखौ जिरायहोयो आरो सासे मानसिया गोदान आरो गोजोन फुङाव सिखारो। The amount of sleep varies within very wide limits from individual to individual. उनदुनायनि बिबाङा जोबोर गुवार सिमनाफोरनि गेजेराव सुबुं लायै सुबुं रोखोम रोखोम जायो। Normally, seven to eight hours of sleep every night is adequate for most people. सरासनस्रायै बांसिन सुबुंनि थाखायनो हरफ्रोमबो स्नि-डाइन घनतासिम उनदुनाया थोजासे। Some, however, do well with four to five hours because their sleep is deeper and more refreshing. नाथाय खायसेया ब्रै बा घनताफोरजोंनो मोजाङै उनदुयो मानोना बिसोरनि उनदुनाया गोथौसिन आरो बांसिन गोगो। Insomnia is common among the elderly for a variety of reasons. उनदुनोओंखारैया गोबां जाहोनफोरनि थाखाय बैसोगोराफोरनि गेजेराव सरासनस्रा। The sleep of the elderly is often punctuated by brief periods of wakefulness during the night. गोबां समाव बैसोगोरानि उनदुनाया हराव दसे सम सिरिमोनखांनायजों दिगदारहोजायो। In such cases it is the quality rather than the quantity which is most affected. बेफोरबादि बिथिंफोराव बेयो बिबांनिख्रुइ गुनगोनांसिन जाय जोबोद गोहोमगोनां। With age, there is a gradual reduction of period of deep sleep. बैसोजों, गोथौ उनदुनायनि समआ लासैयै खम जायो। This is due to the suppressive nature of the treatment which halts the cleansing process and forces toxic matter deeper into the system again. बेयो सिकितसानि दबथायारि आखुनि थाखाय जायो जाय सिखोनसाखोन बिखानथिखौ होबथायो आरो बिखानथियाव फिन बिसगोनां मुवाखौ सिंथाराव नारहरो। Sleep requirements also diminish with ageing. उनदुनायनि गोनांथियाबो बैसोजों खमायलाङो। From nine hours of sleep per night at the age of 12 the average sleep needs decrease to eight hours at the age of 20, seven hours at 40, 6 1/2 hours at 60 and 6 hours at 80. 12 बोसोर बैसोयाव हरफ्रोमबो गु घनता उनदुनायनि गर गोनांथिनिफ्राय 20 बोसोर बैसोआव डाइन घनता, 40आव स्नि घनता, 60 आव 6 1/2 घनता आरो 80 आव 6 घनतासिम खमायो। Although difficulty in staying asleep is the most common type of insomnia, the single symptom that most frequently makes the onset of insomnia is the difficulty in falling asleep. जदिबो उनदुखनना थानायनि गोब्राबथिया उनदुनोओंखारिनि जोबोर सरासनस्रा रोखोम, उनदुनोओंखारिनि जागायनायखौ जोबोर गलेगलेयै खालामनाय मोनसेल’ लैखोना उनदुनोओंखारनायाव गोब्राबथि। Other symptoms are emotional instability, loss of coordination, confusion and a lingering feeling of indifference. गुबुन लैखोनफोरा जादों आबेगारि स्थिरगैयि, बुजिलायनायनि गोमानाय, गोनोगोथो आरो फारागगैयिनि मोनसे लेहेम मोनदांथि। The most common cause of sleeplessness is mental tension brought about by anxiety, worries, overwork and overexcitement. उनदुनोओंखारिनि जोबोद सरासनस्रा जाहोना जादों रागा,जिंगा, बांद्रायमावनाय आरो बांद्रायरागाजोंनायजों सोमजिहोजानाय मेलेमारि जिंगा। Suppressed feelings of resentment, anger and bitterness may also cause insomnia. गोब्राबरागाजोंनाय, रागा आरो सुखुयिनि गोब्राब मोनदांथिफोराबो उनदुनोओंखारि जाहोनो हागौ। Constipation, dyspepsia, overeating at night, excessive intake of starches, sweets, tea or coffee and going to bed hungry are among the other causes. खिगोराजानाय, हजमजायि, हराव बांद्रायजानाय, मारगोनांआदार, गोदैफोर, साहा एबा कफि बांद्राय आजावनाय आरो उखैनानै उनदुनो थांनायफोरा गुबुन जाहोनफोर। Smoking is another unsuspected cause of insomnia as it irritates the nervous system, especially the nerves of the digestive system. सोबनायआ उनदुनोओंखारिनि गुबुन मोनसे सनदेखालामजायि जाहोन मानोना बियो स्नायु बिखानथिखौ दिगदारहोयो, गुबैयै दोगोनजानाय बिखानथिनि स्नायुफोरखौ। Environment factors such as overcrowding, excessive noise and poor bedding or housing conditions may also lead to transient sleep difficulties. आबहावायारि जाहोनफोर जेरैबादि बांद्रायसुबुंभिर, बांद्राय दाउराव-दाउसि आरो गाज्रि एम एबा न थासारिफोराबो खमसमउनदुनाय गोब्राबथिफोरखौ दैदेनो। Often, worrying about falling asleep is enough to keep one awake. गोबांसमाव, उनदुनो ओंखारनायनि सोमोनदै सिनथाखालामनाया सासेमानसिखौ सिरिमोनना थाहोनो थोजासे। In the acute stage of influenza, the patient should abstain from all solid foods and only drink fruit and vegetable juices diluted with water, in the proportion of 50 : 50 for the first three to five days, depending on the severity of the disease. इनफ्लुयेनजानि गोख्रों थाखोआव बेरामनि गोब्राबथिनि सायाव सोनारनानै, बेरामिया गासै गथा आदारनिफ्राय गोजानावथानांगौ आरो गिबि थामनिफ्राय बासानसिमफोरनि थाखाय 0:0 रुजुजखायाव दैजों गलायनाय फिथाइ आरो मैगंनि बिदैफोरल’ लोंनांगौ। Sleeping pills are no remedy for sleeplessness. उनदुहोनाय बरिफोरा उनदुनोओंखारिनि थाखाय फाहामराहा नङा। They are habit-forming and become less effective when taken continuously. बेफोरो हुदा दानाय आरो जेब्ला लाजाबायथायो खम गोहोमगोनां जायो। The side-effects of sleeping pills include indigestion, skin rashes, lowered resistance to infection, circulatory and respiratory problems, poor appetite, high blood pressure, kidney and liver problems and mental confusion. उनदुहोनाय बरिफोरनि उफेरा जाउनफोरा दोगोनजायि, बिगुर गोजादबरा, सनदेरनायाव खम होबथागोहो, थैखारसारथि आरो हांलानायारि जेंनाफोर, खम खहाबनाय, बां थै नारसिनथाय, किदनि आरो बिखा जेंनाफोर आरो मेलेमारि गोनोगोथोफोरखौ सरजाबो। Diet is an important factor in the treatment of insomnia. उनदुनोओंखारिनि सिकितसायाव आदारआ मोनसे गोनां बिथिं। Research has shown that people with chronic insomnia almost have marked deficiencies of such key nutrients as B-complex vitamins and vitamin C and D, also calcium, magnesium, manganese, potassium and zinc. बिजिरनाया दिनथिबायदि गोब्राब उनदुनोओंखारि गोनां सबुङा फ्राय बेफोरबादि गाहाय पुसतायुफोर जेरै बि कमप्लेक्स भितामिनफोर आरो भितामिन सि आरो दि, आरोबाव केलसियाम, मेगनेसियामफोर, मेंगानिज, पतासियाम आरो जिंकनि आंखाल दिनथिबाय। The sleep mechanism is unable to function efficiently unless each of these nutrients is present in adequate amounts in the diet. जदिसो आदाराव बैफोर पुसतायुफोरनि मोनफ्रोमबो थोजासे बिबांनि थायाब्ला उनदुनाय बिखानथिया नांगौबादि खामानि मावनो हाया। Of the various food elements, thiamine or vitamin B1 is of special significance. माखासे आदार थादेरसाफोरनि मादाव थायमेन एबा भितामिन बि1 आ जर’खा गोनां। It is vital for strong, healthy nerves. बेयो गोख्रों, गुफुं स्नायुफोरनि थाखाय गोनां। A body starved for thiamine over a long period will be unable to relax sufficiently to induce natural sleep. गोलाव समनि थाखाय थायमेन मोनजायि देहाया सरासनस्रा उनदुनाय सोमजिहोनो थोजासेयै जिरायहोनो हानाय नङा। The valuable sources of this vitamin are whole grain cereals, pulses and nuts. बे भितामिनफोरनि गोनां फुंखाफोरा जादों गासै ग्रेइन सिरेल, सबायफोर आरो बादामफोर। The juice fast should be continued till the temperature comes down to normal. बिदुङा सरासनस्रा गाहाय जाबोनायालागै बिदै ब्रतखौ फालिगासिनो थानांगोन। A balanced diet with simple modifications in the eating pattern will go a long way in the treatment of insomnia. जानायनि दाथायाव इसे सोलायसोल’खालामनाय मोनसे सुथाय आदारा उनदुनोओंखारिनि सिकितसायाव गोलावसम थागोन। Such diet should exclude white flour products, sugar and its products, tea, coffee, chocolate, cola drinks, alcohol, fatty foods, fried foods, foods containing additives, preservatives, colouring and flavouring, excessive use of salt and strong condiments. बेफोरबादि आदारा गुफुर आतायारि मुवाफोर, सिनि आरो बिनि दिहुनथायफोर, साहा, कफि, सकलेत, कला लोंनायमुवाफोर, जौ, मेजेमारि आदारफोर, एवनाय आदारफोर, मसलामसलि गोनां, संरैखाथिनायफोर, गाबगोनां आरो थावनायगोनां, बांद्राय संख्रै आरो गोख्रों मसलागोनां आदारफोरखौ एंगारनांगौ। The patient may adopt an all-fruit diet for three or four days at the beginning of the treatment. बेरामिया सिकितसानि जागायनायाव थाम एबा ब्रै सानफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे गासै फिथाइ खाजा नाजावनो हायो। In this regimen, he should have three meals a day of fresh juicy fruits such as oranges, grapes, apples, pears, peaches, and pineapples. बे फालिथायाव, बियो सानसेयाव थाजिम बिदैगोनां फिथाइफोर जेरैबादि खमलाफोर, आंगुरफोर, आपेलफोर, नासपतिफोर, थायजौखहेफोर आरो रैमालिफोरनि बोथिथाम खाजा आजावनांगौ। This will help cleanse the blood stream and relieve possible digestive and intestinal disturbances. बेयो थै दाहार साफाखालामनो हेफाजाबहोगोन आरो जानोहाथाव दोगोनारि आरो बिबुवारि दिगदारफोरखौ गोजोनहोगोन। The bowels should be cleansed daily with a warm water enema during this period. बे समाव सानफ्रोमबो उदैफोरखौ मोनसे दुंब्रुद दै इनेमाजों साफाखालामनांगौ। After the all-fruit diet, the patient may follow a modified eating pattern in which breakfast should consist of fresh and dried fruits, seeds and yogurt. गासै फिथाइ खाजानि उनाव बेरामिया मोनसे फोसाबजानाय जानाय दाथाय फालिनो हायो जेराव फुंखाजायाव थाजिम आरो गोरान फिथाइफोर, बेगरआदारफोर आरो यगारद थाफानांगौ। Of the two main meals, one should consist of a large mixed salad and the other should be protein based. मोननै गाहाय खाजाफोरनि गेजेराव, मोनसेयाव गोबां गलायनाय सालाद थाफानांगौ आरो गुबुना प्रतिन गोनां जानांगौ। A cup of milk sweetened with honey at bedtime is helpful as the amino acid tryptophan contained in the milk induces sleep. उनदुनाय समाव बेरेमोदैजों गोदैखालामजानाय कापसे गायखेरआ हेफाजाबगोनां मानोना गायखेराव थानाय एमिन’ एसिद त्रिपतफानआ उनदुलांहोयो। Celery is also considered beneficial in the treatment of insomnia. उनदुनोओंखारिनि सिकितसायाव सेलेरिखौबो मुलामफागोनां गनायनाय जायो। A warm water enema should be taken daily during this period to cleanse the bowels. बे समाव बिबुफोरखौ साफाखालामनो दुंब्रुद दै इनेमाखौ सानफ्रोमबो लानांगौ। Taking meals late in the night often leads to sleeplessness. हराव गोबावै आदार जानाया गोबांसमाव उनदुनायगैयि जाहोयो। The sufferer from insomnia should, therefore, eat his last meal at least three hours before going to bed. बेखायनो, उनदुनोओंखारैयाव भुगिग्राया बिनि जोबथा खाजाखौ उनदुनो थांनायनि खमैबो थाम घनताफोरनि आगोल जानांगौ। Food should never be taken when one is emotionally disturbed or suffering from fatigue or acute depression as it will result in gastric discomfort. जेब्ला सासेमानसिया आबेगारियै दिगदारहोजायो एबा मेंनायाव एबा गोब्राब मेलेमारिसिनथायाव भुगियो माब्लाबाबो आदार जानाङा मानोना बे गेसत्रिक सुखुयि सोमजिहोगोन। Those suffering from insomnia should always take meals in a relaxed atmosphere. उनदुनोओंखारियाव भुगिनांनायफोरा जेब्लाबो गोजोन थासारियाव खाजाफोर जानांगौ। This is important at any time of the day, but more especially at night. बेयो साननि जायखिजाया समावनो गोनां, नाथाय हराव जर’खायै बांसिन। Along with dietary treatment, other effective measures should also be adopted to overcome the problem. आदारारि सिकिसाजों लोगोसे गुबुन गोहोमगोनां राहाफोरखौबो जेंनानिफ्राय बारगनो नाजावनांगौ। These include application of hot fomentation to the spine, hot foot bath or an alternate hot and cold foot bath and prolonged neutral immersion bath (92* to 96*F) at bedtime. बेफोर सिनस्रियाव बिदुं हांनायखौ बाहायनाय, दैगुदुं आथिं सुनाय एबा मोनसे सोलायनाय बिदुं आरो दैगुसु आथिं सुनाय आरो उनदुनायसमाव गोबावसम समान गोसोहोना दुगैनायखौ लाफायो। All efforts should also be made to eliminate as many stress factors as possible. गासै गोहोफोरानो हानायमानि माखासे मेलेमारिजिंगा जिरादफोरखौ जानगारहोनो दाजानांगौ। The steps in this direction should include regular practice of any relaxation method or meditation technique, cultivating the art of doing thing slowly, particularly activities like eating, walking and talking, limiting the working day to nine or ten hours, and 5 1/2 days weekly, cultivating a creative hobby and spending some time daily on this. बे बिथोननि मावआगानफोरा जायखिजाया जिरायनाय आदब एबा यगा आदबनि अरायथा सर्साखालामनाय, खामानिखौ लासैयै मावनायनि आरिमुखौ फोरोंनाय, जुनियायै, खामानिफोर जेरै जानाय, थाबायनाय आरो रायज्लायनाय, खामानिमावनाय सानखौ गु एबा जि घनताफोर, आरो सपतायाव 5 ½ सानफोरसिम सिमनाखालामनाय, मोनसे सोरजिलु हुदा फोरोंनाय आरो बेयाव सानफ्रोमबो इसे सम बाहायनायखौ लाफानांगौ। Jaundice is the most common of all liver disorders. गासै बिखा गाज्रिजानायफोरनि जनदिसआ जोबोर सरासनस्रा। After fever subsides, the patient may adopt an all-fruit diet for two or three days. लोमजानाया गानाय उनाव बेरामिया नै एबा थाम सानफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे गासै फिथाइ खाजा नाजावनो हायो। It is a condition in which yellow discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes occurs due to an increase in the bile pigment, bilirubin, in the blood. बेयो मोनसे थासारि जेराव दोगोनरोसि गाब, थैयाव बिलिरुबिन बारायनायनि थाखाय बिगुर आरो गुंग्राय बिदलाबफोरनि गोमो गाबसोलायनाय नुजायो। The bile, produced by the liver, is a vital digestive fluid which is essential for proper nutrition. बिखाजों सोमजिहोजानाय दोगोनरोसिया मोनसे गोनां दोगोनारि लावमुवा जाय मोजां निउत्रिसननि थाखाय गोनांथार। It exercises a most favourable influence on the general processes of digestion. बियो दोगोननि सरासनस्रा बिखानथिफोराव मोनसे जोबोर बाखनायथाव गोहोम आनजादनायो। It also prevents decaying changes in food. बियो आदाराव गोहोगोमानाय सोलायनायफोरखौबो होबथायो। If the bile is prevented from entering the intestines there is an increase in gases and other products. जुदि दोगोनरोसिया बिबुफोराव हाबनायनिफ्राय होबथाजायो गेस आरो गुबुन मुवाफोरनि बांनाय जायो। Normally, the production of bile and its flow is constant. सरसनस्रायै दोगोनरोसिनि सोमजिनाय आरो बिनि बोहैनायफोरा दिदोम। The symptoms of jaundice are extreme weakness, headache, fever, loss of appetite, undue fatigue, severe constipation, nausea and yellow coloration of the eyes, tongue, skin and urine. जनदिसनि लैखोनफोरा जादों बांद्राय लोरबां, खर’सानाय, लोमजानाय, उखैनायनि गोमानाय, जाहोनगैयि मेंनाय, गोब्राब खिगोराजानाय, गोबाल’मोननाय आरो मेगनफोर, सालाय, बिगुर आरो हासुदैनि गोमो गाबजानाय। The patient may also feel a dull pain in the liver region. बेरामिया बिखा ओनसोलाव खमै सानायबो मोननो हागौ। Obstructive jaundice may be associated with intense itching. हेंथागोनां जनदिसआ जोबोर मानलुनायजों। Jaundice is indicative of the malfunctioning of the liver. जनदिसआ बिखानि थियैखामानिमाविनि दिनथिथाय। In this regimen, the patient should take three meals a day of fresh juicy fruits such as apples, pears, grapes, oranges, pineapples, peaches and melons at five-hourly intervals. बे फालिथायाव, बेरामिया सानसेयाव बा घनतायै थाद’नायजों थाजिम बिदै फिथाइफोर जेरैबादि आफेल, नासपति, आंगुर, खमला, रैमालि, थायजौखहे आरो तरमुजफोरनि बोथिथाम खाजा नाजावनो नांगौ। It may be caused by an obstruction of the bile ducts which discharge bile salts and pigment into the intestines. बेयो दोगोनरोसि नोलिफोरनि मोनसे हेंथाजों सोमजिनो हागौ जाय दोगोनरोसि सुंख्रिफोर आरो गाबखौ बिबुफोरसिम दिहुनहरो। The bile then gets mixed with blood and this gives a yellow pigmentation to the skin. बेनिउनाव दोगोनरोसिया थैजों गलायदेरहैयो आरो बेयो बिगुराव गोमो गाब होयो। The obstruction of the bile ducts could be due to gall-stones or inflammation of the liver, known as hepatitis, caused by a virus. दोगोनरोसि नोलिफोरनि हेंथाया बिख्लो अनथायफोर एबा मोनसे भाइरासजों सोमजिहोजानाय, हेपाताइतिस महरै मिथिजानाय बिखानि बुनायनि थाखाय जानो हागौ। In the latter case, the virus spreads and may lead to epidemics owing to overcrowding, dirty surroundings, unsanitary conditions and contamination of food and water. उननि बेलायाव, बांद्रायमानसिथुबुर, लेथ्रा सोरगिदिंथायफोर, खिखरसालिगैयि थासारिफोर आरो आदार आरो दैनि गिज्राजानायनि थाखाय भाइरासआ गोसारो आरो महामारिसिम दैदेननो हागौ। Other causes of jaundice are pernicious, anaemia and certain diseases affecting the liver such as typhoid, malaria, yellow fever and tuberculosis. जनदिसनि गुबुन जाहोनफोरा सिरियैगोसारनाय, आमाव आरो बिखाखौ गाग्लोबनाय खायसे बेरामफोर जेरैबादि तायफयेद, मेलेरिया, गोमो लोमजानाय आरो तिउबारकुलसिस। The simple form of jaundice can be cured rapidly by diet therapy and exercises. जनदिसनि गोरलै महरआ आदारारि जोथोनलानाय आरो बियामफोरजों गोख्रैयै फाहामजानो हायो। Recovery will, however, be slow in serious cases which have been caused by obstruction or pressure in the bile ducts. नाथाय, दोगोनरोसि नोलिफोरनि हेंथा आरो नारसिनथायजों सोमजिहोजानाय गोब्राब जाथायफोराव हामनाया लासै जागोन। The patient should rest until the acute symptoms of the disease subside. बेरामनि गोब्राब लैखोनफोरा एरायलाङिसिम बेरामिया जिरायनांगौ। The patient should be put on a juice fast for a week. बेरामिया हाबथासेनि थाखाय बिदै ब्रत नाजावनांगौ। The juices of oranges, lemons, grapes, pears, carrots, beets and sugarcane can be taken. खमलाफोर, लेबुफोर, आंगुरफोर, नासपतिफोर, गाजरफोर, बितफोर आरो खुसेरनि बिदैफोरखौ लानो हायो। The juice fast may be continued till the acute symptoms subside. गोसाद्राय लोइखोनफोरा जायखारनायसिम बिदै ब्रतखौ फालिलांनो हायो। 30. One cup of barley should be boiled in six pints of water and simmered for three hours. से काप जबमाइखौ द पिन्त दैयाव रुनांगौ आरो थाम घनतानि थाखाय फुदुंनांगौ। The duration of the attack varies with each individual. गागलोबथिनि समा साफ्रोम सुबुंनाव रोखोम-रोखोम जायो। Digestive disturbances must be avoided. दोगोनारि दिगदारफोरखौ नेवसिथारनांगौ। No food with a tendency to ferment or putrefy in the lower intestines like pulses and legumes should be included in the diet. सबायफोर, बिनफोर बादि गाहायनि बिबुफोराव सेवथाव एबा फेसेवथाव जेबो आदारखौनो खाजायाव लाफानाङा। Drinking a lot of water with lemon juice will protect the damaged liver cells. लेबु बिदैजों गोबां दै लोंनाया गाज्रिजानाय बिखा जिबख्रिफोरखौ होबथागोन। The jaundice patient can overcome the condition quite easily with the above regime and build up his sick liver until it functions normally once again. जनदिस बेरामिया गोजौनि फालिथायजों थासारिखौ जोबोर गोरलैयै बारगनो आरो बिनि नोरजिया बिखाखौ बेयो फिन खेबसे मोजाङै खामानिमावैसिम दाफुंनो हायो। A recurrence of liver trouble can be prevented with reasonable care in the diet and life style, with regular, moderate exercise and frequent exposure to sunshine, fresh air and adequate rest. सरासनस्रा, नोरोम बियाम आरो गलेगले सानसोरां, थाजिम बाराव ओंखारनाय आरो थोजासे जिरायनायजों आदार आरो जिउ राहायाव मोजां साग्रांथिजों बिखा जेंना जाफिननायखौ होबथानो हायो। Research has shown that the liver has an excellent capacity to regenerate itself provided all essential nutrients are adequately supplied. नायबिजिरसंनाया दिनथिबायदि गासै गोनां निउत्रिनफोरा थोजासेयै जगान मोननायजों बिखाया गावनोगाव दाफिननो मोनसे साबनाहामना गोहो दं। Diets high in complete proteins, vitamin C, and B vitamins, particularly choline, and vitamin E can hasten its regeneration. आबुं प्रतिनफोरनि गोबां, भितामिन सि, आरो बि भितामिनफोर, जुनियायै खलिन, आरो भितामिन इया बेनि दाफिनथायखौ गोख्रैखालामनो हायो। Even after recovery, it is essential to maintain the diet for a long period to prevent recurrence of the trouble. हामखांनायनि उनावबो, जेंना जाफिननायखौ होबथानो गोबाव समनि थाखाय आदारखौ जोथोनलानाया गोनां। Cirrhosis of the liver refers to all forms of liver disease characterised by a significant loss of cells. बिखानि सिर’सिसा गोबां जिबख्रिफोर गोमानायजों आखुहोजानाय बिखा बेरामनि गासै महरफोरखौ फोरमायो। After the juice fast, the patient may adopt an all-fruit diet for further three to five days. बिदै ब्रतनि उनाव, बेरामिया आरोबाव थाम- बा सानफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे गासै फिथाइ आदार आजावनो हायो। It is one of the most serious hepatic diseases. बेयो बिखायारि बेरामफोरनि मोनसे जोबोर गोब्राब बेराम। The liver gradually contracts in size and becomes hard and leathery. बिखाया लासैयै महराव सेबबोयो आरो गोरा आरो राखाब जायो। The liver is one of the most important glandular organs in the body. बिखाया देहानि जोबोर गोनां बिथोबख’ अंगफोरनि मोनसे अंग। It is located high up on the right side of the abdomen just under the diaphragm. बेयो दायफ्रामनि एसेल’ सिङाव उदैनि आगदा फारसे गोजौआव थायो। It is a vast chemical laboratory which performs many important functions. बेयो मोनसे गुवार रासायनारि आनजादसालि जाय गोबां गोनां खामानिफोर मावो। It produces bile, cholesterol, lecithin, blood albumin which is vital to the removal of tissue wastes, prothrombin necessary for the clotting of blood and numerous enzymes. बेयो बिख्लो, खलेसतरेल, लेसिथिन, थै एलबुमिन जाय बिदाम बाहायगारफोर बोखारनायाव गोनां, थै गथाखानायनि थाखाय गोनां प्रथ्रमबिन आरो गोबां एन्जाइमफोरखौ दिहुनो। It inactivates hormones no longer needed, synthesises many amino acids used in building tissues and breaks proteins into sugar and fat when required for energy. बेयो गोनांथि नङै हरमनफोरखौ खामानिगोयै खालामो, बिदामफोर दानायाव बाहायजानाय गोबां एमिन’ एसिदफोरखौ जथायो आरो जेब्ला गोहोनि थाखाय गोनांजायो प्रतिनफोरखौ सिनि आरो मेजेमाव सोखावो। It stores vitamins and minerals. बेयो भितामिन आरो मिनारेलफोरखौ दोनथुमो। It also destroys harmful substances and detoxifies drugs, poisons, chemicals and toxins from bacterial infections. बेयो खहागोनां मुवाफोरखौबो फोजोबस्राङो आरो द्रागफोर, बिसफोर, रासायनारिफोर आरो बेकतेरियारि सनदेरथिफोरनिफ्राय बिसफोरखौ बिसगोयैखालामो। Liver damage interferes with all of these functions. बिखा गाज्रिजानाया बेफोर गासै खामानिफोरजों मोगामोगिजायो। In this regimen, he should have three meals a day of fresh juicy fruits such as apples, pears, grapes, oranges, and pineapples, but no bananas. बे फालिथायाव, बियो सानसेयाव खेबथामै थाजिम-बिदैगोनां-फिथाइफोर जेरै आपेलफोर, नासपतिफोर, आंगुरफोर, खमलाफोर आरो आनारसफोरनि आदारफोर लानांगोन, नाथाय थालिरफोरखौ नङा। In cirrhosis of the liver, although regenerative activity continues, the loss of liver cells exceeds cell replacement. जुदिबो सोमजिहोफिननोहानाय खामानिया सोलिबायथायो, बिखानि सिर’सिसाव बिखा जिबख्रिफोरनि गोमानाया जिबख्रि जायगालास्लायनायखौ बांद्रायजाहोयो। There is also distortion of the vascular system which interferes with the portal blood flow through the liver. बेवहाय भासकुलार बिखानथिनि गाज्रिजानायबो दं जाय बिखानि गेजेरजों दैबायनाय थै बोहैथिजों मोगामोगिजायो। The progressive degeneration of liver structure and function may ultimately lead to hepatic failure and death. बिखा दाथाय आरो खामानिनि बांद्राय जामखनाया जोबनायाव बिखायारि फेलेंजानाय आरो थैनायसिम दैदेननो हागौ। The most common of several form of cirrhosis is portal cirrhosis, also known as haennoc's cirrhosis. सिरसिसनि गोबां महरनि जोबोर सरासनस्राया जादों दैबायनाय (portal) सिर’सिस, हेनकनि सिरसिस बादियैबो मिथिजायो। In the early stages of the disease, there may be nothing more than frequent attacks of gas and indigestion, with occasional nausea and vomiting. बेरामनि आगु थाखोफोराव, समसम अगालेमोननाय आरो गोबानायजों गलेगेल गेस आरो हजमजायैनि गागलोबथिफोरनि बारा जेबो थायाबो जानोहागौ There may be some abdominal pain and loss of weight. बेवहाय खायसे उदैयारि सानाय आरो लिरथाय गोमानोबो हागौ। In the advanced stage, the patient develops a low grade fever. आगु थाखोआव, बेरामिया खम बिबां लोमजानाय जौगाहोयो। He has a foul breath, jaundiced skin and distended veins in the abdomen. बिहा मैला हां, जनदिसगाब बिगुर आरो उदैयाव बुखांनाय रोदाफोर थायो। Reddish hair like markings, resembling small spiders, may appear on the face, neck, arms and trunk. फिसा बामब्लेमाफोरजों एखेमहरदिन्थिनाय खानायमहरनि थैगाब दागोफोरा मोखां, गनथं, आखानथि आरो मोदोमाव नुजानो हागौ। The abdomen becomes bloated and swollen, the mind gets clouded and there may be considerable bleeding from the stomach. उदैया बुगाखाङो आरो दुयो, गोसोआ दिगदार मोनो आरो बेहाय उदैनिफ्राय गनायजाथाव थैगनो हागौ। All fats like ghee, butter, cream and oils must be avoided for atleast two weeks, and after that butter and olive oil may be included in the diet but their consumption should be kept down to the minimum. गासै मेजेमफोर जेरै घिउ, माखन, क्रिम आरो थावफोरखौ खमसेखम नै सफथानि थाखाय नागारथारनांगोन, आरो बेनि उनाव माखन आरो अलिभ थावखौ आदाराव सरजाबजायो नाथाय बिसोरनि जानायखौ खमै लाखिनांगौ। Excessive use of alcohol over a long period is the most potent cause of cirrhosis of the liver. गोबावसम बांद्राय जौ बाहायनाया बिखानि सिरसिसनि जोबोर गोहोमगोनां जाहोन। It has been estimated that 1 out of 12 chronic alcoholics in the United States develops cirrhosis. बोखौ हमनालानायजादोंदि जथाय हादराव गोब्राब निसालाग्राफोरनि सा12 नि गेजेराव सा1 आ सिरसिस जौगाहोयो। The disease can progress to the end-stage of hepatic failure, if the person does not abstain from alcohol. बेरामा बिखायारि फेलेंजानायनि जोबथा थाखोसिम जौगानो हागौ, जुदि सुबुङा जौनिफ्राय गोजानाव थाया। Cirrhosis appears to be related to the duration of alcohol intake and the quantity consumed daily. सिरसिसआ जौ लोंनायनि सम आरो सानफ्रोमबो बाहायनाय बिबांजों सोमोनदो थानायखौ नुजाहोयो। Recent research indicates that the average duration of alcohol intake to produce cirrhosis is 10 years and the dose is estimated to be in excess of 16 ounces of alcohol daily. बावैसो बिजिरनाया दिनथियोदि सिरसिस सोमजिहोनो जौ नाजावनायनि गर समा 10 बोसोर आरो सानफ्रोमबो जौनि फालिखौ 16 आउनसनि बांसिन हमनाय जादों। Poor nutrition can be another causative factor in the development of cirrhosis and a chronic alcoholic usually suffers from a severe malnutrition too, as he seldom eats. लोरबां निउत्रिसनआ सिरसिस जौगाहोनायनि गुबुन मोनसे जानोहाथाव जाहोन जानो हागौ आरो गोबावसम जौलोंग्राया सरासनस्रायै गोब्राब मेलनिउत्रिसनावबो भुगियो, मानोना बियो माब्लाबाल’ जायो। Other causes of cirrhosis are excessive intake of highly seasoned food, habitual taking of quinine for a prolonged period in tropical climate and drug treatments for syphilis, fever and other diseases. सिरसिसनि गुबुन जाहोनफोरा जादों गोबां मसलाहोनाय आदार बांद्राय जानाय, गुदुं आबहावायाव गोबाव समनि थाखाय हुदायारि कुइनाइन आजावनाय आरो सिफिलिस, लोमजानाय आरो गुबुन बेरामफोरनि थाखाय मुलै सिकितसाफोर। It may also result from a highly toxic condition of the system in general. बेयो सरासनस्रायै बिखानथिनि गोबाङै बिस थासारिनिफ्रायबो सोमजिनो हागौ। In fact, anything which continually over-burdens the liver cells and leads to their final breakdown can be a contributing cause of the cirrhosis. थारै, जायखिजाया जाय बिखा जिबख्रिफोरखौ बांद्राय खस्थहोयो आरो बिसोरखौ जोबथा सिफायनायसिम दैदेनो बेयो सिरसिसनि मोनसे गोहोमखोखलैनाय जाहोन जानो हागौ। The patient should be kept in bed. बेरामिया एमाव लाखिजानांगौ। A light carbohydrate diet, with exclusion of fats, best obtained from vegetables and fruits should be taken. मेजेमफोरखौ गारनानै मैगंफोर आरो फिथाइफोरनिफ्राय मोननाय साबसिन खम कारबहायद्रेद आदारखौ आजावनांगौ। He must abstain completely from alcohol in any form. बियो आबुङै जायखिजाया महरनि जौनिफ्राय जानगारना थाथारनांगौ। He should undergo an initial liver cleaning programme with a juice fast for seven days. बियो स्नि साननि थाखाय मोनसे बिदै ब्रतजों मोनसे जागायजेननाय बिखा फोसाबनाय हाबाफारिखौ आजावनांगौ। Freshly-extracted juices from red beets, lemon, papaya and grapes may be taken during this period. बे समाव गोजा बितफोर, खारजि, मैथ्रु आरो आंगुरफोरनिफ्राय थाजिमै दिहुनजानाय बिदैफोरखौ आजावनांगौ। This may be followed by the fruit and milk diet for two to three weeks. बेयो नै-थाम सफताफोरनि थाखाय फिथाइ आरो गायखेर आदारजों उनहोसोजानो हागौ। In this regimen, the patient should have three meals a day of fresh juicy fruits and milk. बे फालिथायाव, बेरामिया सानसेयाव थाजिम बिदैगोनां फिथाइ आरो गायखेरनि बोथिथाम खाजाफोर जानांगौ। The fruits may include apples, pears, grapes, grapefruits, oranges, pineapples and peaches. फिथाइफोरा आपेलफोर, नासपतिफोर, आंगुरफोर, आंगुरफिथाइफोर, खमलाफोर, रैमालिफोर आरो थायजौखहेफोर लाफानो हायो। Two pints of milk may be taken on the first day. गिबि सानाव गायखेरनि नै पिन्तफोर आजावनो हायो। It should be increased by half a pint daily up to four or five pints a day. बेयो सानसेयाव खावसे पिन्तनिफ्राय ब्रै एबा बा पिन्तफोरसिम बारायजानांगौ। It should be sipped very slowly. बेखौ जोबोर लासैयै सुरुबनांगौ। After the fruit and milk diet, the patient may gradually embark upon well-balanced diet of three basic foods with emphasis on raw organically-grown foods. फिथाइ आरो गायखेर आदारनि उनाव, बेरामिया लासैयै जैबआरियै रज’नाय गोथां आदारफोराव गोनांथिहोनायजों मोनथाम गाहाय आदारफोरनि मोजां सुथाय आदारनि सायाव जागायजेननो हायो। The patient should take plenty of fresh vegetables and fruit juices. बेरामिया गोबां थाजिम मैगंफोर आरो फिथाइ बिदैफोर आजावनांगौ। Adequate high quality protein is necessary in cirrhosis. थोजासे जौगा गुननि प्रतिनआ सिरसिसाव गोनां। The best complete proteins for liver patients are obtained from raw goat's milk, home-made raw cottage cheese, sprouted seeds and grains and raw nuts, especially almonds. बिखा बेरामिफोरनि थाखाय साबसिन आबुं प्रतिनफोरखौ बोरमानि गोथां गायखेर, नवाव बानायनाय गोथां फुरगेव सिस, गाजाबेरनाय बेगरफोर आरो ग्रेनफोर आरो गोथां बादाम, गुबैयै आलमन्दफोरनिफ्राय मोनो। Vegetables such as beet, squashes, bitter gourds, egg-plants, tomatoes, carrots, radishes and papayas are useful in this condition. मैगंफोर जेरैबादि बित, स्कुवासफोर, गोखा केरेलाफोर, फानथावफोर, बिलातिफानथावफोर, गाजरफोर, मुलाफोर आरो मैथ्रुफोरा बे थासारियाव बाहायजाथाव। All fats and oils should be excluded from the diet for several weeks. गासै मेजेम आरो थावफोरखौ माखासे सबथाफोरनि थाखाय आदारनिफ्राय नागारनांगौ। The patient should avoid all refined, processed and canned foods, sugar in any form, spices and condiments, strong tea and coffee, fried foods, all preparations cooked in ghee, oil or butter and all meats rich in fat. बेरामिया गासै सोदांनाय, खुनाय आरो थेमायावदोननाय आदारफोर, जायखिजाया महरनि सिनि, मसला आरो मसलिफोर, गोख्रों साहा आरो कफि, एवनाय आदारफोर, घिउ, थाव आरो माखनाव संनाय गासै खाजाफोर आरो मेजेम बहरा गासै बेदरफोरखौ नागारनांगौ। The use of salt should be restricted. संख्रैनि बाहायनायखौ हेंथाहोनांगौ। The patient should also avoid all chemical additives in food and poisons in air, water and environment as far as possible. बेरामिया हानायमानि आदारनि गासै रासायनारि दाजाबदेरथिफोर आरो बार, दै आरो बारहावानि बिसफोरखौ नेवसिनांगौ। A warm water enema should be used during the treatment to cleanse the bowels. सिकितसानि समाव उदैफोरखौ साफाखालामनो दुंब्रुद दै इनेमाखौ बाहायनांगौ। If constipation is chronic, all steps should be taken for its eradication. जुदि खिगोराजानाया गोब्राब, बेनि फोजोबस्रांनायनि थाखाय गासै राहाफोरखौ लानांगौ। Application of alternate compress to liver area followed by general wet sheet rub will be beneficial. सरासनस्रा गिसि हुगारग्रा जिजों उनसंजानाय बिखा ओनसोलाव सोलायसोल’ नारसिननायनि बाहायनाया मुलामफागोनां जागोन। 27. Dandelion leaves, radishes with leaves, endive should be added to the daily raw vegetable salad. दानदेलियन बिलाइफोर, बिलाइफोर गोनां मुलाफोर, एनदिभखौ सानफ्रोमारि गोथां मैगं सालादाव दाजाबफानांगौ। The morning dry friction and breathing and other exercises should form regular daily features of the treatment. फुंनि गोरान हुगारनाय आरो हांलानाय आरो गुबुन बियामफोरा सिकितसानि अरायथा सानफ्रोमारि आखुफोरखौ दानांगौ। Migraine is an ancient and formidable malady. माइग्रेनआ मोनसे गोदोगोदायारि आरो गिलुबालु गोब्राबजेंना। It bothered such distinguished persons as Caesar, Darwin and Freud. बेयो खायसे मिथिसारजानाय सिजार, डारउइन आरो फ्रयद बादि सुबुंफोरखौ खायसोखालामदोंमोन। It has assumed alarming proportions under modern conditions of living and is now believed to afflict about 10 per cent of the world's population. थांनाथानायनि गोदान थासारिनि सिङाव बेयो सिगिनायनि रुजुजखाखौ गोनांसाननालाबाय आरो दा बुहुमनि सुबुंसानखोनि 10 जौखोनदोफ्रामखौ जिंगाजाहोयो फोथायनाय जादों। Migraine can be defined as a paroxysmal affliction, accompanied by severe headache, generally on one side of the head and associated with disorders of the digestion, the liver and the vision. गोब्राब खर’सानाय, सरासनस्रायै खर’नि मोनसे फारावल’ जोबोर खर’ सानायजों थाफानाय आरो दोगोन, बिखा आरो नुनायगोहोनि जेंनाफोरजों सोमोनदोगोनां माइग्रेनखौ पेरकसिमेल जेंना महरै बुंफोरनो हायो। It usually occurs when the person is under great mental tension or has suddenly got over that state. बेयो सरासनस्रायै नुजायो जेब्ला मानसिया गेदेर मेलेमारि सिनथायाव थायो एबा हरखाबै बै थासारिनिफ्राय रैखामोनो। For them, everything has to be done right away and when they finish; they come down suddenly from a state of utmost mental tension to a feeling of great relief. बिसोरनि थाखाय, गासैखौबो थाबैनो मावनांगौ आरो जेब्ला बिसोर फोजोबो, जोबोद मेलेमारि सिनथानि मोनसे थासारिनिफ्राय बिसोर गेदेर रैखा मोननायसिम बाख्लायो। The head and neck muscles, reacting from continuous stress become overworked. खर’ आरो गोदना मोदोमफोरा सोलिगासिनोथानाय नारसिनथायनिफ्राय फिनजाथायजानानै बांद्रायखामानिमावहोजानाय जायो। The tight muscles squeeze the arteries and reduce blood flow. गोरा मोदोमफोरा धमनिफोरखौ सोबखयो आरो थै बोहैनायखौ खमायो। Then, when the person relaxes suddenly, the constricted muscles expand, stretching the blood-vessel wall. बेनिउनाव, जेब्ला मानसिया हरखाब जिरायो, थै दैबायग्रा बेराखौ फोलावनानै सेबनाय मोदोमफोरा अरो। 28. Raw apples and pears are especially beneficial. गोथां आपेलफोर आरो नासपतिफोरा गुबैयै मुलामफागोनां। With each heartbeat, the blood pushes through these vessels and expands them further, causing intense pain. मोनफ्रोम बिखामावखांनायजों, जोबोर सानाय सोमजिहोनानै थैया बैफोर थैदैबायग्राफोरनि गेजेरजों नारो आरो बेफोरखौ आरोबाव फुवारो। Migraine headaches are believed to be related to the daily cycle of adrenal hormone secretion. माइग्रेन खर’सानायफोरखौ एड्रिनेल हरमन सिगारनायनि सानफ्रोमबोनि समफारिजों सोमोनदोगोनां फोथायनाय जायो। Adrenal hormone levels are at their peak during the morning and taper off during the evening, reaching a low level around 3 am An important function of these hormones is to regulate vascular muscle tone and to prevent vasocodilation. एद्रेनेल हरमन बिबांफोरा फुं समाव बिसोरनि थिखनियाव थायो आरो मोनाबिलि समाव खमायो, 3एम सोआव खमसिन बिबाङाव सहैयो। बेफोर हरमनफोरनि मोनसे गोनां खामानिया जादों भासकुलार मोदोम गेहेन राफोदथिखौ सालायनाय आरो भास’क’दिलेसनखौ होबथानाय। When adrenal hormones production is low, blood vessels are more prone to dilation. जेब्ला एड्रिनेल हरमनफोर सोमजिनाया खमजायो, थै दैबायग्राफोरा गोसारनायाव बांसिन जाथावजायो। Thus migraine headaches are generally triggered in the evening and rarely in the morning. बिदिनो, माइग्रेन खर’सानायफोरा सरासनस्रायै मोनाबिलियाव सोमजियो आरो फुङाव जोबोद खमैजायो। There is a definite pattern for migraine. माइग्रेननि थाखाय मोनसे थि दाथाय दं। The pain rages on only one side of the head and often radiates from the eye. सानाया खर’नि फारसेयावल’ रासिनजायो आरो गोबांसमाव मेगननिफ्राय गोसारो। The right side of the head may be affected in one attack and in the next it may be the left side. खर’नि आगदा फारसेयाव खनसे गाग्लोबनायावनो गोहोमखोख्लैजानो हागौ आरो उनाव आगसि फारसेयाव जानोहागौ। Migraine attacks are usually preceded by a short period of depression, irritability and loss of appetite. माइग्रेन गाग्लोबथिफोरा सरसनस्रायै मोनसे गुसुं समनि सिनथा, खायसो आरो खहाबनाय गोमानायजों जाहोजायो। Some persons get attacks daily, others every month or every two or three months and still others only once or twice in several years. खायसे मानसिफोरा सानफ्रोमबो गाग्लोबजायो, गुबुनफोरा मोनफ्रोम दान एबा मोनफ्रोम नै एबा थाम दानफोराव आरो नाथाय गुबुनफोरा गोबां बोसोरफोराव खनसे एबा खननैल’। 29. Barley water, drunk several times during the day, is considered a good remedy for jaundice. सान समाव गोबां खेब जबमाइ दै लोंनायखौ जनदिसनि थाखाय मोनसे मोजां फाहामराहा गनायनाय जादों। Migraine is also known as sick headache. माइग्रेनआ लोमजानाय खर’ सानाय महरैबो मिथिजायो। The main symptoms are a pounding pain, nausea and vomiting. गुबै लैखोनफोरा जादों दुबदुब सानाय, गोबाल’मोननाय आरो गोबानाय। The blood vessels on the affected side of the head will be prominent and pulsating. खर’नि गोहोमखोख्लैजानाय फारसेयाव थै दैबायग्राफोरा रोखा आरो दुबदुब जागोन। Migraine gives fair warning before striking. माइग्रेनआ गाग्लोबनायनि सिगां रोखा इसारा होयो। The patient sees flashes of light or black spots or only parts of the objects in front of him. बेरामिया सोरांनि मोफ्लामनायफोर एबा गोसोम दाखोनफोर एबा गावनि सिगाङाव जिरादनि बाहागोफोरल’ नुयो। He may also feel numbness or weakness in an arm or leg, or on one side of the face. बियो फारसे आखानथि एबा आथिं, एबा मोखांनि मोनसे फाराव थरगैयि एबा लोरबांथिबो मोननो हागौ। Sometimes the numbness may affect both sides of the face and tongue and whole mouth, making speech slurred and difficult. माब्लाबा थरगैयिआ मोखांनि फारनैखौबो आरो सालाय आरो गासै खुगाखौ गोहोमखोख्लैनो हागौ, जाय बुंनायखौ फुथिसारि आरो गोब्राब खालामो। As the headache develops, disturbed digestion becomes a marked feature. जेब्ला खर’सानाया जायो, जेंनागोनां दोगोना नुथावना आखु जायो। A severe attack of migraine is very tiring and the patient may have to rest in bed so as to exclude light and noise as far as possible, because both cause painful irritations. माइग्रेननि गोब्राब गागलोबथिया जोबोर मेंनायगोनां आरो बेरामिया एमाव जिरायनो गोनां जानोहागौ जाहाथे हानायसेबां सोरां आरो दावराव-दावसिखौ नागारनो हायो, मानोना मोननैबो सानायगोनां खायसो सोमजिहोयो। The whole of the head becomes hypersensitive and even the slightest movement adds to the intense pain. गासै खर’आनो थाबथरगोनां जायो आरो इसेल’ दोरोदनायाबो जोबोर सानायाव दाजाबदेरो। Some may get over the acute symptoms in a matter of hours. खायसेया गोब्राब लैखोनफोरखौ खम घनतायावनो बारगनो हागौ। Other triggers include excessive bright light, eye-strain, excitement, fright, hurry, anger, resentment and depression after hard work. गुबुन सोमजिहोग्राफोरा बांद्राय गोजों सोरां, मेगन जोख्लोबनाय, बोदोरजानाय, गिनाय, हाखुदाखु, रागा, गोब्राबरागाजोंनाय आरो गोब्राब खामानिमावनायनि उनाव गोसोबायनायखौ लाफायो। The patient with this condition may find it very difficult to walk in the darkness. बेरामिया बे थासारिजों खोमसियाव थाबायनो बेखौ जोबोर गोब्राब मोननो हागौ। Painkilling drugs may give temporary relief but they do not remove the cause. सानायहोखारग्रा मुलैफोरा दानदिसेयारि रैखा होनो हागौ बिफोर जाहोनखौ होखारा। The patient soon gets addicted to strong drugs which also lose their effectiveness in course of time. बेरामिया थाबै गोख्रों मुलिजानायनि हुदा जायो जाय बिसोरनि गोहोमथिखौ समजों लोगोसे खोमायो। The best treatment for migraine is to prevent it. माइग्रेननि साबसिन सिकितसाया जादों बेखौ होबथानाय। Any successful treatment for this ailment should, therefore, aim at a complete toning up and revitalisation of the whole organism To achieve this, it will be essential to under-take a thorough cleansing of the system and adopt vitality-building measures. बे लोमजानायनि थाखाय जायखिजाया सिकितसाया बेखायनो गासै जिबदेहानि आबुङै बोलोमोनखांनाय आरो जिवरैखाखालामफिननायनि थांखिजानांगौ। बेखौ जाफुंहोनो बिखानथिनि मोजाङै साफाखालामनायखौ नाजावनाय आरो जिवरैखाथिनि दानाय राहाफोरा गोनांथार जागोन। To begin with, the patient should resort to fasting on orange juice and water for two or three days. जागायनो बेरामिया नै एबा थाम सानफोरनि थाखाय खमला बिदै आरो दै ब्रतखौ बाहायनांगौ। The procedure is to take the juice of an orange in a glass of a warm water every two hours from 8 am to 8 pm Alternatively, juices of vegetables such as carrot, cucumber and celery may be taken. नेमा जादों फुंनि 8 रिंगानिफ्राय मोनानि 8 रिंगासिम मोनफ्रोम नै घनताफोराव थायसे खमलानि बिदैखौ दुंब्रुद दैनि मोनसे गिलासाव लोंनाय। A warm water enema may be taken each day while fasting to cleanse the bowels. ब्रतफालिब्ला उदैफोरखौ साफाखालामनो मोनसे दुंब्रुत दै एनेमाखौ सानफ्रोमबो लानो हागौ। After the short juice fast, the patient may adopt an all-fruit diet for about five days, taking three meals a day of fresh juicy fruits such as apples, pears, grapes, grapefruits, oranges, pineapples, peaches and melons. सुंद बिदै ब्रतनि उनाव थाजिम बिदै फिथाइफोर जेरैबादि आपेलफोर, नासपतिफोर, आंगुरफोर, आंगुरफिथाइफोर, खमलाफोर, रैमालिफोर, थायजौखहेफोर आरो तरमुजफोरनि सानसेयाव बोथिथाम खाजाफोर जानानै बेरामिया मोनसे गासै फिथाइ खाजा नाजावनो हागौ। Others may require a day's rest to come to a normal state. गुबुनफोरनो मोजां थासारियाव फैनो सानसेनि जिरायनाय नांनो हागौ NO other food stuff should be taken during this period; otherwise the value of the whole treatment will be lost. बे समाव जेबो मोजां आदार जानो नाङा, नङाब्ला गासै सिकितसानि बेसेनानो गोमागोन। After the all-fruit diet, the sufferer should follow a well-balanced diet of three basic food groups, namely seeds, nuts and grains, vegetables and fruits. गासै फिथाइ खाजानि उनाव भुगिग्राया मोनथाम गुबै आदार हानजाफोर मुंथियै बेगरआदार, बादामफोर आरो ग्रेइनफोर, मैगंथाइगंफोर आरो फिथाइफोरनि मोनसे मोजां पुस्तायु आदार फालिनांगौ। This diet should be supplemented with milk, yogurt, butter-milk, vegetable oils and honey. बे खाजाखौ गायखेर, यगारत, माखन-गायखेर, मैगंथाइगं थावफोर आरो बेरेमोदैजों दाजाबनांगौ। Further short fasts or periods on the all-fruit diet may be necessary at intervals of a month or two, according to the needs of the case. बेनिअनगायैबो जाथायनि गोनांथि बादियै दान मोनसे एबा मोननै जिरायथनानै गासै फिथाइ खाजायाव सुंद ब्रदफोर एबा समफोरनि गोनां जानो हागौ। If constipation is habitual, all steps should be taken towards its eradication. खिगोराजानाया हुदाबादि जाब्ला, बेखौ फोजोबस्रांनायनि फारसे गासै राहाफोरा नाजावजानांगौ। The foods which should be avoided in future are white flour products, sugar, confectionary, rich cakes, pastries, sweets, refined cereals, flesh foods, rich heavy and greasy foods, tinned or preserved foods, pickles, condiments and sauces. आदारफोर जाय इउनाव एंगारजानांगौफोरा जादों गुफुर मैदा मुवाफोर, सिनि, गोदैमिथायारि, बां केकफोर, मिथायफोर, गोदैफोर, सोदांनाय बेगरआदारफोर, मोदोम आदारफोर, लिरथाय गोबां आरो थावगोनां आदारफोर, थेमायावदोननाय एबा संरैखाखालामनाय आदारफोर, आसारफोर, मसलाफोर आरो सातनिफोर। Too much cereal should also be avoided. बांद्राय बेगरआदारआबो एंगारजानांगौ। The patient should eat six small meals rather than a few large ones. बेरामिया इसे गोबां मोनसेनिख्रुय फिसा मोनद’ खाजाफोर जानांगौ। Overeating should be avoided. बांद्रायजानाया एंगारजानांगौ। Niacin especially, has proved helpful in the treatment of migraine. नाय’सिनआ जर’खायै माइग्रेननि सिकितसायाव हेफाजाबगोनां फोरमान जाबाय। Still others, who are less fortunate, may drag on for two, three, or even four days. नाथाय गुबुनफोरनो, जाय खम खाफालगोनां, साननै, सानथाम एबा बबेखानि सानब्रैनि थाखायबो जोरनो हागौ। It is, however, necessary that when taking any of the separate B vitamin factors, the entire B-complex should be taken in some form as too much of one factor can throw the other factors into imbalance. नाथाय बेयो गोनांदि, जेब्ला जायखिजाया आलादा बि भितामिन मुवाफोर लायो, गासै बि दाथाया खायसे महराव लाजानांगौ, मानोना मोनसे मुवानि बांद्रायनाया गुबुन मुवाफोरखौ समाननङिखालामनो हायो। This may result in other undesirable problems. बेयो गुबुन गोनांनङि जेंनाफोर सोमजिहोनो हगौ। In fact, the entire B-complex range is beneficial in the prevention of migraine. थारैब्ला, गासै बि-दाथाय अरथाया माइग्रेननि होबथानायाव मुलामफागोनां। Drinking lots of water, hot foot baths, fomentations over the stomach and spine, cold compress ( 40*F to 60*F) to the head and towels wrung out of very hot water and frequently applied to the neck will go a long way in relieving migraine headaches. गोबां दै लोंनाय, गुगुंदै आथिं सुनाय, उदै आरो सिनस्रि सायाव हुब्लिरनायफोर, खर’आव गुसु नारसिननाय (40*F -60*F) आरो जोबोर गुदुं दैनिफ्राय फालिफोर सेबखांनानै गोदोनायाव गलेगले हुब्लिरनायाव माइग्रेन खर’ सानायफोर रैखामोननाया गोबाव जोरगोन। The patient should also undertake plenty of exercise and walking in fresh air. बेरामिया थाजिम बाराव गोबां बियाम आरो थाबायथिंनायबो नाजावनांगौ। Nephritis refers to an inflammation of the kidneys. सिथोबबेरामआ किदनिफोरनि मोनसे बुनायखौ फोरमायो। It is a serious condition and may be either acute or chronic. बेयो मोनसे गोब्राब थासारि आरो गोख्रोंबो एबा गोबावसमारि जानो हागौ। This disease most often strikes in childhood or adolescence. बे बेरामआ बांसिन गलेगलेयै उनदैसम एबा लायमोनसमाव नुजायो। It can become progressively worse and result in death, if not treated properly in the initial stages. बेयो जेब्ला जागायनाय थाखोफोराव मोजाङै सिकितसालाजाया, बांसिनै गाज्रिसिन जायो आरो फोथैनो हायो। In the alternative, it may subside into a chronic stage where the patient gets better but not well. बेनि सोलायाव, बेयो मोनसे गोब्राब थाखोआव बास्लायनो हागौ जेराव बेरामिया साबसिन मोननो हागौ नाथाय मोजां नङा। Migraine may result from a variety of causes such as low blood sugar, allergy, infection, excessive intake of certain drugs like vitamin A, weak constitution, low energy, nutritional deficiency, overwork, improper sleep and rest, excessive smoking, drinking and sex. माइग्रेनआ रोखोमरोखोम जाहोनफोरनिफ्राय सोमजिनो हागौ जेरैबादि खम थै सिनि, एलारजि, सनदेरनाय, भितामिन ए बादि खायसे मुलैफोरखौ बांद्राय लानाय, लोरबां देहादाथाय, खम गोहो, निउत्रिसनारि आंखाल, बांद्रायखामानिमावनाय, मोजांनङि उनदुनाय आरो जिरायनाय, बांद्राय सोबनाय, लोंनाय आरो आथोनगोरोबनाय। Often the urine may contain blood, albumin and casts consisting of clumps of red and white cells which come from the damaged kidneys. गोबांसमाव हासुदैया थै, एलबिउमिन लाफानो आरो गोजा आरो गुफुर जिबख्रिफोर थाफानाय थुबुरफोर गारहरनो हागौ जाय गाज्रिजानाय किदनिफोरनिफ्राय फैयो। The patient suffers from puffiness in the face and swelling of the feet and ankles. बेरामिया मोखांआव बुगाखांनाय आरो आथिंफोर आरो आदैजराफोरनि बुनायाव भुगियो। In the chronic stage of nephritis, which may drag on for many years, the patient passes large amounts of albumin in the urine. सिथोबबेरामनि गोब्राब थाखोआव, जाय गोबां बोसोरफोरनि थाखाय जोरनो हागौ, बेरामिया हासुदैयाव एलबिउमिननि गोबां बिबांफोर हगारहरो। Later, there may be a rise in the blood pressure and the patient may develop uraemia. उनाव, थै नारथाय बांनो हागौ आरो बेरामिया इउरेमिया जौगाहोनो हागौ। There may be frequent urination, especially during night. जर’खायै हरनि समाव गलेगले हासुनोओंखारनो हागौ। Nephritis usually follows some streptococcus infection of the throat or an attack of scarlet fever or rheumatic fever. सिथोबबेरामा सरासनस्रायै खायसे गोदनानि स्त्रेपत’काज सनदेरनाय एबा गोजाथै लोमजानाय एबा गानथिसानाय लोमजानायनि गागलोबनायखौ उनसङो। The underlying causes of nephritis are the same for diseases of the kidneys in general, namely wrong food habits, excessive drinking, suppressive medical treatment of some former diseases, the habitual use of chemical agents of all kinds for the treatment of indigestion and other stomach disorders and frequent use of aspirin and other painkillers. गाहायावहोनाय सिथोबबेरामनि जाहोनफोरा सरसनस्रायै किदनि बेरामफोरनिबादि एखे, मुंथियै गोरोनथि आदारजानाय हुदाफोर, बांद्राय लोंनाय, खायसे आगोलनि बेरामफोरखौ नारसिनथायगोनां मेदिकेल सिकितसालानाय, दोगोनजायि आरो गुबुन उदै जेंनाफोरनि सिकितसानि थाखाय गासै रोखोमनि रसायनारि मुवाफोर बाहायनायनि हुदा आरो एसपिरिन आरो गुबुन सानायहोखारग्राफोरनि गलेगले बाहायनाय। Nutritional deficiencies can also lead to nephritis. निउत्रिसनारि आंखालफोराबो सिथोबबेराम सोमजिहोनो हायो। The disease has been produced in many species of animals by diets deficient in the B vitamin choline. बे बेरामआ जुनारफोरनि गोबां रोखोमफोराव भितामिन बि कलिनाव आदारफोर आंखालजों सोमजिबोगासिनो दं। Animals lacking in essential fatty acids and magnesium also develop nephritis. गोनां मेजेम एसिदनि आंखालजानाय जुनार आरो मेगनेसियामाबो सिथोबबेराम जौगाहोयो। Menstruation in women may also be one of the important causes of migraine due to the effect of chemical hormone changes occurring during this period. आयजोफोरनियाव मासिजानायाबो बे समाव रसायनारि हरमन सोलायनायफोर जानायनि जाउनाव माइग्रेननि गोनां जाहोनफोरनि मोनसे जानो हागौ। When vitaminB6 and magnesium are under supplied, the kidneys are further damaged by sharp crystals of oxalic acid combined with calcium. जेब्ला भितामिन बि6 आरो मेगनेसियामआ दैथायहरजायो, किदनिफोरा केलसियामजों दाजाबजानाय अकसेलिक एसिदनि गोफार जोंखोलजों आरोबाव गाज्रिखालामजायो। Nephritis also occurs if vitamin E is deficient. सिथोबबेरामआ भितामिन इ आंखालजाब्लाबो नुजायो। The safest treatment for acute nephritis is fasting. गोख्रों सिथोबबेरामनि रैखागोनांसिन सिकितसाया जादों ब्रतथानाय। By means of the fast, the toxins and systemic impurities responsible for setting up of the inflammatory kidney conditions are removed rapidly. ब्रतनि ओंथिया, बुखांनाय किदनि थासारिखौ सोमजिहोनाय थाखाय दायगोनां बिसारि आरो खानथियारि गोगोनङिखौ गोख्रै बोखारनाय। The patient should resort to juice fasting for seven to ten days till the acute symptoms subside. बेरामिया गोख्रों लैखोनफोरा थामिलाङिसिम स्निनिफ्राय जि सानफोरसिम बिदै ब्रतनि राहालानांगौ। Mostly, vegetable juices such as carrot, celery and cucumber should be used during this period. बांसिनै मैगं बिदैफोर जेरैबादि गाजर, बिलाथिमैगं आरो थायसुमफोरा बे समाव बाहायजानांगौ। A warm water enema should be taken each day while fasting to cleanse the bowels of the toxic matter thrown off by the self-cleansing process resulting from the fast. ब्रतनिफ्राय सोमजिनाय गावनो साफाखालामनाय खानथिजों बिस मुवाफोरा गारहरजानायनि ब्रतफालिब्ला मोनसे दुंब्रुद दै एनेमाया सानफ्रोमबो लाजानांगौ। After the juice fast, the patient may adopt an all-fruit diet for four or five days. बिदै ब्रतनि उनाव बेरामिया ब्रै एबा बा सानफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे गासै फिथाइ खाजा नाजावनो हागौ। Juicy fruits such as apples, grapes, oranges, pears, peaches and pineapples should be taken during this period at five-hourly intervals. बिदैगोनां फिथाइफोर जेरैबादि आपेलफोर, आंगुरफोर, खमलाफोर, नासपतिफोर, थायजौखहेफोर, आरो रैमालिफोरखौ बे समाव बा घनतायारि जिरायनायजों जानांगौ। After the all-fruit diet, the patient may adopt a fruit and milk diet. गासै फिथाइ खाजानि उनाव, बेरामिया इसे फिथाइ आरो गायखेर खाजा नाजावनो हागौ। This form of migraine is usually eliminated with menopause. माइग्रेननि बे महरा सरासनस्रायै मासिजानायजोबनायजों गोमालाङो। In this regimen, milk, preferably raw goat's milk may be added to the fruit diet mentioned above for further seven days. बे फालिथायाव, गायखेर, जर’खायै बोरमानि गोथां गायखेरखौ गोजौवाव मख’नाय फिथाइ खाजाजों आरोबाव स्नि सानफोरनि थाखाय दाजाबदेरनो हागौ। The patient may, thereafter, gradually embark upon a well-balanced low-protein vegetarian diet, with emphasis on fresh fruits and raw and cooked vegetables. बेनिउनाव, बेरामिया थाजिम फिथाइफोर आरो गोथां आरो संनाय मैगंफोरखौ जरहोनायजों खम प्रतिनगोनां मैगंनि मोजां सुथाय आदाराव लासैलासै नांथाबनो हागौ। In case of chronic nephritis a short juice fast for three days may be undertaken. गोब्राब सिथोबबेरामनि बिथिङाव, थाम सानफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे सुंद’ बिदै ब्रत नाजावनो हागौ। Thereafter, a week or ten days may be spent on a restricted diet. बेनिउनाव, बादागोनां खाजायाव सबथासे एबा जि सानफोर बाहायनो हागौ। In this regimen, oranges or orange juice may be taken for breakfast. बे फालिथायाव खमलाफोर एबा खमला बिदैखौ फुंखाजानि थाखाय नाजावनो हागौ। Lunch may consist of a salad of raw vegetables in season, with olive oil and lemon juice dressing and dinner may consist of one or two vegetables steamed in their own juices and a few nuts. सानजौफुखाजायाव बोथोराव अलिभ थाव आरो लेबु बिदै गलायनाय गोथां मैगंफोरनि सालाद लाफानो हागौ आरो हरखाजायाव मोनसे एबा मोननै गावसोरनि बिदैयावनो रुनाय मैगंफोर आरो इसे बादामफोर लाफानो हागौ। Thereafter, the patient may gradually adopt a well- balanced low-protein vegetarian diet. बेनिउनाव, बेरामिया लासैलासै खम प्रतिनगोनां मैगंनि मोजां सुथाय आदार नाजावनो हागौ। Further short juice fast followed by a week on the restricted diet should be undertaken at intervals of two or three months until the kidney condition has shown signs of normalisation. आरोबाव किदनि थासारिया मोजांजानायनि नेरसोनफोर दिनथिनायसिम नै एबा थाम दान थाद’नायाव हाबथासे बादागोनां खाजाजों उनसंजानाय सुंद’ बिदै ब्रत नाजावनो हागौ। The patient should avoid vegetables containing large quantities of oxalic acid such as spinach and rhubarb. बेरामिया गोबां बिबांनि अकसेलिक एसिद थानाय जेरैबादि लाइ आरो रुबारब मैगंफोरखौ एंगारनांगौ। Chocolate and cocoa also contain oxalic acid and must not be taken. सकलेत आरो कक’आयावबो अकसेलिक एसिद थायो आरो नाजावथारनाङा। There are various factors which trigger off migraine. बेवहाय गोबां जाहोनफोर दं जाय माइग्रेनखौ जाहोयो। Garlic, asparagus, parsley, watercress, cucumber and celery are excellent vegetables. सामब्रामगुफुर, एसपारगास, पारसलि, वातारक्रेस, थायसुम आरो बिलाथिमैगंफोरा साबनाहामना मैगंफोर। Best fruits are papaya and bananas. साबसिन फिथाइफोरा जादों मैथ्रु आरो थालिरफोर। Both have a healing effect on the kidneys. मोननैहाबो किदनिफोराव मोनसे हामनाय जाउन दं। A small amount of soured milk and home-made cottage cheese can be included in the diet. इसे बिबांनि गोखै-गायखेर आरो नवाव बानायनाय फुरगैव-सिस खाजायाव लाफानो हायो। All salt should be eliminated from the diet. गासै संख्रैया आदारनिफ्राय बोखारजानांगौ। Five or six small meals should be taken in preference to a few large ones. इसे गोबांखौ गोनांथिहोना बा एबा द’ खम खाजाफोरा लाजानांगौ। The diet should be adequate in all essential nutrients. गासै गोनां पुसतिफोरजों आदारआ थोजासे जानांगौ। Supplements should be given to furnish the nutrients not obtained from food. उफेरामुवाफोरा आदारनिफ्राय मोनि पुसतिफोरखौ जगायनो होजानांगौ। The supplements may include one tablespoon of lecithin, 30 mg. of vitamin B6, 25,000 Ius of vitamin A, and 300 to 600 Ius of vitamin E. उफेरामुवाफोरा लेसिथिनि से सामुस, बि भितामिन बि6 नि 30 मिलिग्राम, भितामिन ए नि 25,000 लुस, आरो इ भितामिननि 300-600 सिम लुस लाफानो हागौ। Smoking and drinking, where habitual, must be completely given up. सोबनाय आरो लोंनाय, जेराव हुदायारिया आबुङै नागारजाथारनांगौ। The most important is consuming food which the patient may be allergic to. जोबोर गोनांथारा जादों आदार जानाय जेराव बेरामिया एलारजिबो जानोहागौ। Studies have shown that smoking impairs kidney function. बिजिरथिफोरा दिनथिबायदि सोबनाया किदनि खामानिखौ गाज्रिखालामो। The patient should avoid white bread, sugar, cakes, pastries, puddings, refined cereals, greasy, and fried foods. बेरामिया गुफुर रुथि, सिनि, केकफोर, पेसत्रिफोर, पुदिंफोर, सोदांनाय बेगरआदारफोर, थावगोनां, आरो एवनाय आदारफोरखौ एंगारनांगौ। He should also avoid tea, coffee, all flesh foods, condiments, pickles and sauces. बियो साहा, कफि, गासै बेदर आदारफोर, संरैखाथिनायफोर, आसारफोर आरो सातनिफोरखौबो एंगारनांगौ। All measures should be adopted to relieve the kidneys of work by increasing elimination through other channels. गुबुन राहाफोरजों होखारनायखौ बारायनायजों खामानिनि किदनिफोरखौ रैखामोनहोनो गासै राहाफोरखौ नाजावनांगौ। A hot Epsom salt bath should be taken every alternate day to induce elimination through the skin as much as possible. मोनफ्रोम सोलायसोल’ सानाव हानायसेबां बिगुरनि गेजेरजों होखारनायखौ लाबोनो मोनसे गुदुं एपसम संख्रै दुगैनाया नाजावजानांगौ। Fresh air and outdoor exercises will be of great benefit in all cases of nephritis and where possible, the patient should walk for at least three kilometres once or twice daily. थाजिम बार आरो बायजोजायगा बियामफोरा सिथोबबेरामनि गासै बिथिङाव गोबां मुलामफा जागोन आरो जेराव जानोहाथाव, बेरामिया खमैबो थाम किल’मितारफोर सानफ्रोमबो खनसे एबा खननै थाबायथिंनांगौ। He should avoid all hurry and excitement. बियो गासै हाखुदाखु आरो गोसोदुंनायखौ एंगारनांगोन। He should also avoid late hours. बियो गोबाव घनताफोरखौबो एंगारनांगोन। If the above treatment is faithfully carried out, the patient of acute nephritis will soon be on the way to recovery. गोजौनि सिकितसाफोरा फोथायजाथावनायै फालिजायोब्ला गोख्रों सिथोबबेरामनि बेरामिया थाबै हामनायनि लामायाव फैगोन। Even in advanced cases of chronic nephritis a great deal can be done to improve the sufferer's condition by perseverance, with the treatment outlined above. गोब्राब सिथोबबेरामनि जौगानाय जाथायफोरावबो गोजौआव मख’नाय सिकितसाफोरजों नाजाथाबनानै भुगिग्रानि थासारिखौ जौगाहोनो मोनसे गेदेर खामानि मावनो हायो। Such foods include certain chocolates, cheese and other dairy products, fried foods in general, onions, tomatoes, citrus fruits as well as coffee, tea, nicotine and alcoholic drinks which stimulate or depress the nerves and alter the size of blood vessels. बेफोरबादि आदारफोरा खायसे सकलेतफोर, सिस आरो गुबुन गायखेरारि मुवाफोर, सरासनस्रायै एवनाय आदारफोर, सामब्रामगोरजा, बिलाथिफानथावफोर, सित्रास फिथायफोर आरो कफि, साहा, थांखुरोसि आरो जौवारि लोंग्रामुवाफोर जाय स्नायुफोरखौ गोसोदुंखांहोयो एबा गोसोबायहोयो आरो थै दोफोरनि महरखौ सोलायसोलखालामो। Neuritis is one of the most serious nervous disorders. निउरितिसआ जोबोर गोमजोर स्नायु गाज्रिजानायफोरनि मोनसे। It refers to an inflammation of the nerves, involving a single nerve or a series of nerves. बेयो मोनसेल’ स्नायु एबा स्नायुफोरनि मोनसे फारिखौ लाफाना स्नायुफोरनि बुनायखौ फोरमायो। At times, several different groups of nerves in various parts of the body may be involved. समसम, देहानि गोबां बाहागोफोरनि स्नायुफोरनि गोबां रोखोमरोखोम हानजाफोराबो लाफाजानो हागौ। This condition is known as polyneuritis. बे थासारिया बांनिउरितिस होनना मिथिजायो। It is also known as Polyneuropathy, for strictly speaking, the condition is not an inflammation, but a change in the state of the nerves resulting in weakness of the reflexes and changes of sensation. बेखौ पलिनिउरपेथि महरैबो मिथियो, रोखायै बुंनायनि थाखाय, थासारिया बुखांनाय नङा, नाथाय मोनदांथिनि रिफिनाय आरो सोलायनायफोरखौ लोरबां खालामग्रा स्नायुफोरनि सोलायनाय। The main symptoms of neuritis are tingling and burning and stabbing pains in the affected nerves. निउरितिसनि गुबै लैखोनफोरा जादों गोख्रोंसानायमोननाय आरो गाग्लोबजानाय स्नायुफोराव खामनाय आरो सुनायनि सानायमोननाय। In severe cases there may be numbness and loss of sensation and paralysis of the nearby muscles. गोब्राब जाथायफोराव थरगैयि आरो मोनदांथि गोमानाय आरो खाथिखाला मोदोमफोरनि खुरियाबेराम जानो हागौ। Thus, temporary paralysis of the face may result from changes in the facial nerves on the affected side. बिदिनो, मोखांनि दानदिसेयारि खुरियाबेरामा गाग्लोबजानाय जायगायाव मोखाङारि स्नायुफोरनि सोलायसोल’फोरनिफ्राय सोमजिनो हागौ। During the acute stage of this condition, the patient may not be able to close the eyes due to loss of normal tone and strength in the muscles on the affected side of the face. बे थासारिनि गोब्राब थाखोनि समाव बेरामिया मोखांनि गाग्लोबजानाय जायगायाव मोदोमनि सरासनस्रा जाखारनाय आरो गोहो गोमानायनि थाखाय मेगनखौ जोख्लोबनो हाया जानोहागौ। Neuritis may also be caused by pernicious anaemia, involving the nerves of the spine. निउरितिसआ सिनस्रिनि स्नायुफोरखौ लाफानानै खहागोनां आमावजोंबो सोमजिहोजानो हागौ। The chief cause of neuritis is chronic acidosis, that is, an excessive acidic condition of the blood and other body fluids. स्नायुबेरामनि गाहाय जाहोना जादों गोब्राब एसिदसिस, बे जादों थै आरो गुबुन देहायारि लावमुवाफोरनि मोनसे बांद्राय एसिदारि थासारि। The best treatment for neuritis is to ensure that the patient gets optimum nutrition, well assimilated with all the vitamins and other nutrients. स्नायुबेरामनि थाखाय साबसिन सिकितसाया जादों बेरामिया गासै भितामिनफोर आरो गुबुन निउत्रिनफोरा गोरोबनाथानाय साबसिन निउत्रिसन मोननायखौ रैखाखालामनाय। On this you can build your wealth and sound financial, social, moral, mental and spiritual style of life. बेयाव नों नोंनि दोहोन आरो मोजां राङारि, समाजारि, सुबुरनथायारि, मेलेमारि आरो जिउनि जिउमायारि फावफेसनखौ दानो हायो। The diet should be made up of three basic food groups, namely seeds, nuts and grains, vegetables and fruits, with special emphasis on whole grains, particularly whole wheat, brown rice, raw and sprouted seeds, raw milk, especially in the sore form and home-made cheese. आदारआ मोनथाम गुदि आदार हानजाफोरजों दाजानांगौ मुंथियै बेगरफिथाइफोर, बादामफोर आरो ग्रेइनफोर, मैगंथायगंफोर आरो फिथाइसामथाइफोर, जरखायै गासै ग्रैइनफोराव जरहोनानै, जुनियायै गासै गम, बासुखा माइरं, गोथां आरो गाजाबेरनाय बेगरफोर, गोथां गायखेर, जरखायै गोथां आरो नवाव-बानायनाय सिस महराव। In this regimen, the breakfast may consist of fresh fruits, handful of raw nuts or a couple of tablespoons of sunflower and pumpkin seeds. बे फालिथायाव, फुंखाजायाव थाजिम फिथाइफोर, गोथां बादामफोरनि मोजोम एबा सामुसनैसो सानबिबार आरो जोगोनार बेगरफोर थाफानो हागौ। Steamed vegetables, whole wheat chapattis and a glass of butter milk may be taken for lunch. रुनाय मैगंफोर, गासै गम सापातिस आरो गिलाससे माखन गायखेरखौ सानजौफुखाजानि थाखाय लानांगौ। The dinner may comprise a large bowl of fresh, green vegetable salad, fresh home-made cottage cheese, fresh butter and a glass of butter-milk. हरखाजायाव गेदेर खुरैसे थाजिम आरो गोथां मैगं सालाद, नवाव बानायनाय थाजिम फुरगेव सिस, थाजिम माखन आरो गिलाससे माखन गायखेर लाफादेरनो हायो। In severe cases, the patient should be put on a short juice fast for four or five days before being given the optimum diet. गोब्राब जाथायाव, बेरामिया साबसिन खाजा होजानायनि आगोल ब्रै एबा बा सानफोरनि थाखाय सुंद’ बिदै ब्रत नाजावनांगौ। Carrots, beets, citrus fruits, apples and pineapples may be used for juices. गाजरफोर, बितफोर, सित्रास फिथाइफोर, आपेलफोर, आरो रैमालिफोरखौ बिदैनि थाखाय बाहायनो हागौ। All vitamins of the B group have proved highly beneficial in the prevention and treatment of neuritis. निउरितिसनि होबथानाय आरो सिकितसायाव बि हानजानि गासै भितामिनफोरानो मुलामफागोनां फोरमान जाबाय। The patient should not eat white bread, white sugar, refined cereals, meat, fish, tinned foods, tea, coffee and condiments which form the root of the trouble by continuously flooding the tissues with acid impurities. बेरामिया गुफुर रुति, गुफुर सिनि, सोदांनाय बेगरआदारफोर, बेदर, ना, थिमि आदारफोर, साहा, कफि आरो संरैखाथिनायआदारफोरखौ जानो नाङा, जाय बिदामफोरखौ एसिद गोगोनङिफोरजों अरायसम बांसावहोना जेंनानि रोदा दायो। The patient should be given two or three hot Epsom salt baths weekly, and should be asked to remain in the bath for 25 to 30 minutes. बेरामिखौ हाबथायाव खननै एबा खनथाम गुदुं एपसम सुंख्रै दुगैहोनांगौ आरो दुगैनायाव 25-30 मिनितफोरसिम थानो थिननांगौ। All the body fluids should be alkaline in their reaction, but when the acid waste matter is continuously formed in the tissues over a long period due to a faulty diet, it results in acidosis. गासै देहायारि लावमुवाफोरा बिसोरनि फिनजाथायाव खारदैयारि जानांगौ, नाथाय जेब्ला गोरोनथि आदारजानायनि थाखाय एसिद बाहायगार मुवाया गोबावसमहालागै बिदामाव अरायसम दाजायो, बे एसिदस सोमजिहोयो। The affected part should also be bathed several times daily in hot water containing Epsom salt - a table- spoon of salt to a cupful of hot water. गाग्लोबजानाय बाहागोआवबो सानफ्रोमबो एपसम सुंख्रै- कापसे गुदुं दैयाव सामुससे सुंख्रै थानाय गुदुं दैयाव गोबां समफोर सुस्राजानांगौ। The patient should undertake walking and other moderate exercises. बेरामिया थाबायनाय आरो गुबुन नोरोम बियामफोर नाजावनांगौ। Obesity may be described as a bodily condition characterised by excessive storage of fat in the adipose tissues. लोदोबेरामखौ मेजेम बिदामफोराव बांद्राय मेजेमनि थुबुरजों आखुहोजानाय देहायारि थासारि महरै बुंफोरनो हायो। It usually results from consumption of food in excess of physiological needs. बेयो सरासनस्रायै देहायारि गोनांथिफोरनि बांद्राय आदार जानायनिफ्राय जायो। Obesity is common among people in Western countries and among the higher income groups in India and other developing countries. लोदोबेरामआ सोनाबारि हादरफोरनि मानसिफोरनि गेजेराव आरो भारत आरो गुबुन जौगाफु हादरफोरनि गोजौ आय हानजाफोरनि गेजेराव सरासनस्रा। Obesity can occur at any age in either sex. लोदोबेरामआ मोननैबो आथोननि जायखिजाया बैसोयाव नुजानो हायो। Its incidence is higher in persons who consume more food and lead sedentary lives. बेनि जाथाया सुबुंफोरनाव बांद्राय जायफोरा गोबां आदार जायो आरो आराम जिउ दैदेनो। In women, obesity is liable to occur after pregnancy and at menopause. आयजोफोरनियाव, लोदोबेरामआ गोरबोथानायनि उनाव आरो मासिथाद’नायाव नुजानो समभब। A woman usually gains about 12 kgs. of weight during pregnancy. सासे आयजोआ गोरबोथानाय समाव सरासनस्रायै 12 केजिफोरफ्राम लिरथाय आरजियो। Part of this is an increase in the adipose tissue which serves as a store against the demands of lactation. बेनि बाहागोआ मेजेम बिदामाव मोनसे बारायनाय जाय आहारदौनायनि गोनांथिफोरनि हेंथायै दोनथुमथि महरै खामनिमावो। Wrong habits of living, over- work, etc, lower the tone of the nervous system and contribute towards neuritis. जिउखुंनायनि गोरोनथि हुदाफोर, बांद्राय खामानिमावनाय बायदिया स्नायु बिखानथिनि मोनदांथिखौ खमखालामो आरो स्नायुबेराम फारसे बिहोमाहोयो। Many women gain more and retain a part of this weight. गोबां आयजोफोरा गोबां आरजियो आरो बे लिरथायनि मोनसे बाहागो थालांहोयो। They become progressively obese with each succeeding child. बिसोर साफ्रोम गथ’ जाफुंसारनायजों बाराबारायै लोदो जायो। Obesity is generally assessed by relating the patient's weight to charts of standard weight according to age, sex and height and then categorise them as 10, 20, or 30 per cent over-weight. बैसो, आथोन, आरो जौथाय मथै बेरामिनि लिरथायखौ मानथायगोनां लिरथायनि सावगारिफोरजों सोमोनदोलाखिनानै लोदोबेरामखौ सरासनस्रायै बिजिरनाय जायो आरो बेनिउनाव 10, 20 एबा 30 बांद्राय-लिरथाय महरै बाहागोखालामनाय जायो। However, normal weight depends on body build and some people, who inherit a large frame and bulk muscles, may weigh more than the standard weight, without being obese. नाथाय, सरसनस्रा लिरथाया देहा दाथायाव सोनारो आरो खायसे सुबुंफोरा, जाय गेदेर दाथाय आरो सख्लबख्ल मोदोमफोरखौ जोलैमोनफायो, लोदो जायालासे मानथायगोनां लिरथायनिख्रुय बांसिन लिरथायमोननो हागौ। A more scientific assessment of obesity would, therefore, be by the proportion of fat in the total body weight. बेखायनो लोदोबेरामनि जोबोर बिगियानारि बिजिरथिया जागोन गासै देहा लिरथायाव मेजेमनि रुजुथाय। Mean values of body fat for the normal young men are about 12 per cent and for young women about 26 per cent. देहा मेजेमनि गर बिबाङा मोजां लायमोन हौवाफोरनि थाखाय 12 जौखोनदोफ्राम आरो लायमोन आयजोफोरनि थाखाय 26 जौखोनदोफ्राम। A man whose body fat amounts to more than 20 per cent of his total weight may be regarded obese and for a woman a figure of more than 30 per cent represents obesity. सासे हौवाया लोदो सानजानो हागौ जायनि देहा-मेजेमआ बिनि गासै लिरथायनि 20 जौखोनदोनिख्रुय बांसिन बिबांजायो आरो सासे आयजोनि थाखाय 30 जौखोनदोनिख्रुइ बांसिन दाथाया लोदोबेरामखौ दिनथियो। Obesity is a serious health hazard as the extra fat puts a strain on the heart, kidneys and liver as well as the large weight-bearing joints such as the hips, knees and ankles, which ultimately shortens the life span. लोदोबेरामआ मोनसे गोमजोर सावस्रि अलखद मानोना उफेरा मेजेमआ मैखुन, किदनिफोर, आरो बिखा, लोगोसे गोबां गिलिर सामलायग्रा जराफोर जेरैबादि थाफलिफोर, आनथुफोर, आदैजराफोराव मोनसे जखम होयो जाय जोबथियाव जिउ-समखौ सुंहोयो। It has been truly said, "the longer the belt, the shorter the life". बेखौ थारै बुंनाय जादोंदि, “बेलआ जेसेबांनो लावो, जिउआ एसेबांनो सुङो”। Overweight persons are susceptible to several diseases like coronary thrombosis, heart failure, high blood pressure, diabetes, arthritis, gout and liver and gall-bladder disorders. गिलिरद्राय मानसिफोरा करनेरि थ्रमबसिस, मैखुन फेलें, गोजौ थै नारथाय, डाइबेतिस, आरथ्रितिस, आसिमाबुनाय आरो बिखा आरो बिखलो सिथोबफोर बादि माखासे बेरामफोराव भुगिथाव। The disease can also result from a variety of nutritional deficiencies and metabolic disturbances such as faulty calcium metabolism, deficiencies of several B vitamins like B12, B6, B1, Pantothenic acid and B2 and general toxaemia. बे बेरामआ रोखोमरोखोम निउत्रिसनारि आंखालफोर आरो रसायनारिसोलायनाय खायसोफोरनिफ्रायबो सोमजिनो हायो, जेरैबादि गोरोनथि केलसियाम रसायनारिसोलायथि, बि12, बि6, बि1, पेनतथेनिक एसिद आरो बि2 बायदि माखासे बि भितामिनफोरनि आंखाल आरो सरासनस्रा तक्साएमिया। The chief cause of obesity, most often, is overeating - that is, the intake of calories beyond the body's energy requirement. लोदोबेरामनि गाहाय जाहोना, गोबां समाव बांद्रायजानाय, बे जादों देहानि गोहो गोनांथिनि बादगा केलरिफोर नाजावनाय। Some people have a habit of eating too much while others may be in the habit of consuming high- calorie foods. खायसे सुबुंफोरा जोबोर गोबां जानायनि हुदा दं आरो फारसेथिं गुबुनफोरा गोबां केलरि आदारफोर जानायनि हुदायाव थानो हागौ। These people gain weight continuously as they fail to adjust their appetite to reduced energy requirements. बेफोर सुबुंफोरा अरायबो लिरथाय आरजियो मानोना बिसोर खम गोहो गोनांथिफोराव बिसोरनि खहाबनायखौ गोरोबहोनो फेलेंजायो। There has, in recent times, been an increasing awareness of the psychological aspects of obesity. बावैसो समफोराव लोदोबेरामनि गोसोबिरोंमायारि बिथिंफोरनि सांग्रांथि बारायबोगासिनो दं। Persons who are generally bored, unhappy, lonely or unloved, those who are discontented with their families, or social or financial standing usually tend to overeat, as eating is a pleasure and solace to them सुबुंफोरा, जाय सरासनस्रायै बारुरु, सुखिनङि, हारसिं एबा अनजायि, बैसोर जायफोर गावसोरनि नखरफोर एबा समाजारि एबा राङारि गसंथायजों असानथि, सरासनस्रायै बांद्रायजानो गोसोजायो, मानोना जानाया बिसोरनि थाखाय मोनसे खुसि आरो गोजोन। Obesity is sometimes also the result of disturbances of the thyroid or pituitary glands. लोदोबेरामआ खायसेसमफोराव थाइरयद एबा पितुइतेरि देहागानथिफोरनि दिगदारफोरनिबो जाउन। But glandular disorders account for only about two per cent of the total incidence of obesity. नाथाय देहागानथियारि गालायगुजायफोरा लोदोबेरामनि गासै जाथायफोरनि नै जौखोनदोफ्रामखौल’ हिसाबखालामो। In such persons the basal metabolic rate is low and they keep gaining weight unless they take a low- calorie diet. बेफोरबादि सुबुंफोरनियाव गुबै रसायनारिसोलायनाय-हारआ खम आरो बिसोर लिरथाय आरजिगासिनो थायो नङाब्ला बिसोर खम केलरि आदार लायो। A suitably planned course of dietetic treatment, in conjunction with suitable exercise and other measures for promoting elimination, is the only scientific way of dealing with obesity. साबजाथाव बियाम आरो होखारनायखौ जौगाहोनायनि थाखाय गुबुन राहाफोरजों दाजाबनानै आदारारि सिकितसानि मोनसे साबजाथाव बिथांखिनाय फालिथाया लोदोबेरामजों सोमोनदोखालामनायनि मोनसेल बिगियारि लामा। The chief consideration in this treatment should be the balanced selection of foods which provide the maximum essential nutrients with the least number of calories. बे सिकितसायाव गाहाय गनायथिया आदारफोरनि समानथाय सायखनाय जानांगौ जाय खमसिन बिबांनि केलरिफोरजों बांसिन गोनांथार पुसतिफोरखौ जगायो। Other causes of neuritis include a blow, a penetrating injury, a bad bruise or heavy pressure over a nerve trunk and dislocation or fracture of the bones. स्नायुबेरामनि गुबुन जाहोनफोरा सौनाय, मोनसे गोब्राब जखम, मोनसे गाज्रि दोलाबनाय एबा स्नायु मोदोम सायाव गिलिर नारसिनथाय आरो बेगेंफोरनि जायगासोलायथि एबा बायनायखौ लाफायो। To begin with, the patient should undertake a juice fast for seven to ten days, juices of lemon, grapefruit, orange, pineapple, cabbage, and celery may be taken during this period. जागायजेननो बेरामिया स्नि-जि सानफोरनि थाखाय बिदै ब्रत फालिनांगौ; लेबु, आंगुरफिथाइ, खमला, रैमालि, बानदाकबिनि बिदैफोर आरो सेलेरिखौ बे समाव नाजावनो हागौ। Long juice fast up to forty days can also be undertaken, but only under expert guidance and supervision. ब्रैजि सानफोरसिम गोलाव बिदै ब्रतबो नाजावनो हायो, नाथाय रोंगौसार बोसोनथाय आरो नोजोरनि सिङावल’। In the alternative, short juice fasts should be repeated at regular intervals of two months or so till the desired reduction in weight is achieved. सोलायाव, सुंद बिदै ब्रतफोरा फ्राय लिरथायाव गोनांजानाय खमिनाया जाफुंसारनायसिम नै दानफोरनि अरायथा थादनायजों फालिजाफिननांगौ। During the first few days of the treatment and afterwards if necessary, the bowels should be cleansed daily with a warm water enema. सिकितसानि गिबि साननैसो समाव आरो गोनांजाब्ला उनाव, खुरैफोरखौ दुब्रुद-दै एनेमाजों सानफ्रोमबो साफाखालामनांगौ। After the juice fast, the patient should spend a further four to five days on all-fruit diet. बिदै ब्रतनि उनाव, बेरामिया गासै फिथाइ खाजायाव आरोबाव ब्रै-बा सानफोर बाहायगारनांगौ। In this regimen he should have three meals a day of fresh juicy fruits such as oranges, grape-fruit, pineapples and papayas. बे फालिथायाव बियो थाजिम बिदै फिथाइफोरनि सानसेयाव बोथिथाम खाजा जानांगौ, जेरैबादि खमलाफोर, आंगुर फिथाइ, रैमालिफोर आरो मैथ्रुफोर। Thereafter, he may gradually embark upon a low-calorie well- balanced diet of three basic food groups, namely seeds, nuts and grains, vegetables and fruits, with emphasis on raw fruits, vegetables and fresh juices. बेनिउनाव, बियो लासैलासै मोनथाम गुबै आदार हानजाफोरनि खम केलरि मोजां सुथाय आदाराव नांथाबनो हागौ, मुंथियै गोथां फिथाइफोर, मैगंफोर आरो थाजिम बिदैफोराव जरहोनायजों बेगरफोर, बादामफोर आरो ग्रेइनफोर, मैगंफोर आरो फिथाइफोर। The foods which should be drastically curtailed or altogether avoided are high-fat foods such as butter, cheese, chocolate, cream, ice cream, fat meats, fried foods, foods high in carbohydrates like breads, candy, cake, cookies, cereal products, legumes, potatoes, honey, sugar, syrup and rich puddings ; beverages such as all cold drinks and alcoholic drinks. आदारफोर जायखौ गोख्रोङै हेंथाहोनांगौ एबा जयै नेवसिनांगौफोरा जादों गोबां मेजेम आदार जेरैबादि माखन, सिस, सकलेत, क्रिम, बरफ क्रिम, मेजेम बेदरफोर, एवनाय आदारफोर, बां कारबहायद्रेद आदारफोर जेरै रुतिफोर, मिस्रि, केक, कुकिस, बेगरआदार मुवाफोर, बिनमतरफोर, आलुफोर, बेरेमोदै, सिनि, सिराप आरो बां पुदिंफोर; लोंग्रामुवाफोर जेरैबादि गासै गुसु लोंग्राफोर आरो जौआरि लोंग्राफोर। To overcome the hunger pangs brought on by a lowered consumption of food, the patient should sip water gradually or take low-calorie and high-water foods like vegetables and certain fruits. खम आदार जानायजों लाबोजानाय उखैनाय खस्तफोरखौ बारगनो बेरामिया लासैलासै दै सुरुबनांगौ एबा खम केलरि आरो बां-दै-आदारफोर जेरै मैगंफोर आरो खायसे फिथाइफोर लानांगौ। Skimmed milk, butter- milk, barley water, fruit juices, green steamed vegetables and raw salads are good for reducing weight. लिरथाय खमायनो थाखाय सामनि-गायखेर, माखन-गायखेर, जबमाइ-दै, फिथाइ-बिदैफोर, गोथां-रुनाय-मैगंफोर आरो गोथां-सालादफोरआ मोजां। Any violent muscular activity or over extension of the joint as in sprains may injure the nerves and cause neuritis. जायखिजाया गोब्राब मोदोमारि मावथाय एबा जरानि बांद्राय अरनाय जेरैबादि मस्रायनायफोरा स्नायुखौ जखम जाहोनो आरो स्नायुबेराम सोमजिहोनो हागौ। Six to eight glasses of water should be taken every day but never with meals. द–दाइन गिलासफोर दै सानफ्रोमबो लोंनांगौ नाथाय आदारफोरजों जेब्लाबोनङा। Fletcherism - One sure method of reducing weight is by practising what is known as " Fletcherism". फ्लेथसरिजोम, लिरथाय खमायनायनि मोनसे रोखा खानथिया जादों सर्साखालामनानै, जायखौ “फ्लेथसरिजोम” महरै मिथियो। It was discovered in 1898 by Horace Fletcher of the U.S A. बेयो इउ.एस.ए. नि हरेस फ्लेतसारजों 1898 आव दिहुनसंजादोंमोन। He was 50 pounds overweight, contracted flu every six months and constantly complained of indigestion and a tired feeling. बियो 50 पाउण्ड गिलिरद्रायमोन, मोनफ्रोम द दानाव फ्लुवाव बोनजादोंमोन आरो जेब्लाबो दोगोनजायि आरो मेंनाय-मोननायनि जेंनाजादोंमोन। Fletchet considered complete mastication as the most important rule of all. फ्लेथसारआ आबुं सावग्लिनायखौ गासैनिबो जोबोर गोनां नेम महरै गनायदोंमोन। He tried fixing an ideal number at first but found that chewing less than thirty times per mouthful was insufficient. बियो गिबियाव मोनसे साबसिन अनजिमा थिखालामनो नाजादोंमोन नाथाय मोनफ्रोम खुगाआबुङाव थामजि खेबफोरनिख्रुइ खम सावग्लिनाया थोजासेनङि मोनदोंमोन। Consequently, he decided that chewing food to a pulp or liquid should become the standard. जाउनमहरै, बियो थिखालामदोंमोनदि गुरैलोथो एबा लावलावसिम आदारखौ सावग्लिनाया मानगोनां जानांगौ। Horace Fletcher followed these rules for five months. हरेस फ्लेथसारआ बैफोर नेमफोरखौ बा दानफोरनि थाखाय उनसंदोंमोन। As a result he lost more than 60 pounds and felt better than he had for 20 years. जाउन महरै बियो 60 पाउण्डनिख्रुइ बांसिन खोमादोंमोन आरो बियो 20 बोसोरफोरनि थाखाय मोनबोनायनिख्रुइ मोजांसिन मोनदोंमोन। A weight reducing programme built on Fletcherism works wonders and is worth a trial. फ्लेथसारारि खामानिफोराव मोनसे लिरथाय खमायनाय हाबाफारि दानाया गोमोहोयो आरो मोनसे आनजादनायनायनि बेसेन। The condition may also result from certain infections such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, leprosy and diabetes mellitus, poisoning with insecticides, mercury, lead, arsenic and alcohol. बे थासारिया खायसे सनदेरथिफोर जेरैबादि तिउबारकुलसिस, दिफथेरिया, तेतानास, खुरियाबेराम आरो डाइबेतिस मिलितास, एमफौमुलिजौं बिसजानाय, पारा, सेहा, आरसेनिक, आरो जौनिफ्रायबो सोमजिनो हागौ। It is important that the overweight person should so devise his diet as to lose weight gradually - a pound in a week or ten days. बेखायनो बेयो गोनांदि बांद्रायगिलिर सुबुंआ हाबथासे एबा जि सानफोराव से पाउण्ड लासैलासै लिरथाय गोमायनाय महरै बिनि आदारखौ साननालानांगौ। This will enable him to get used to the new eating habits. बेयो बिखौ गोदान जानाय हुदाफोर बाहायनो हाहोगोन। Along with dietetic treatment, the patient should adopt all other natural methods of reducing weight. आदारारि सिकितसाजों लोगोसे बेरामिया लिरथाय खमायनायनि गासै गुबुन मिथिंगायारि खानथिफोरखौ नाजावनांगौ। Exercise is an important part of weight reduction plan. बियामआ लिरथाय-खमायनाय बिथांखिनि मोनसे गोनां बाहागो। It helps to use up calories stored in body fat and relieves tension, besides toning up the muscles of the body. बेयो देहानि मोदोमफोरखौ बोलोजाखांहोनायनि अनगायैबो देहा मेजेमाव जजानाय केलरिफोरखौ बाहायनायाव हेफाजाब होयो आरो सिनथा रैखाहोयो। Certain yogic asana such as sarvngasana, bhujangasana, dhanurasana, chakrasana, vajrasana and yogamudra are also highly beneficial. खायसे यगआरि आसन जेरैबादि सरभंआसन, भुजांआसन, धनुरआसन, सक्राआसन, भज्राआसन आरो यगामुद्राफोराबो गोबां मुलामफागोनां। They help slimming by breaking up or redistributing fatty deposits and strengthen the flabby areas. बिफोरो मेजेमारि जथायफोरखौ सिफायना एबा रानफिननानै थेलेबखालामनायाव हेफाजाबहोयो आरो गुरै जायगाफोरखौ गोहोगोनांखालामो। The patient should adopt measures which bring on excessive perspiration such as sauna baths, steam bath and heavy massage. बेरामिया राहाफोरखौबो नाजावनांगौ जाय बांद्राय गोलोमदैगनाय लाबोयो जेरैबादि सावना दुगैनायफोर, स्तिम दुगैनाय आरो गिलिर मालिस। They help to reduce weight. बेफोर लिरथाय खमायनायाव हेफाजाबहोयो। And above all, the obese persons should make every effort to avoid negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, hostility and insecurity and develop a positive outlook on life. आरो बेफोरनिअनगायै, लोदो सुबुंफोरा नंखाय आबेगफोर जेरैबादि उसुखुथु, गिनाय, बेरेखागोसो आरो रैखाथिगैयिखौ नेउसिनो मोनफ्रोम नाजानायखौ खालामनांगौ आरो जिवाव मोनसे मोजां नोजोर जौगाहोनांगौ। Treatment of neuritis by painkilling drugs may give temporary relief but it does not remove the trouble effectively. सानायहोखारग्रा मुलैफोरजों स्नायुबेरामनि सिकितसाया दानदिसेयारि रैखाहोनो हागौ नाथाय बियो जेंनाखौ जाउनगोनाङै बोखारा। You have zest for living. नोंहा जिउखुंनो थाखाय रुसि दं। There are only a few who want to keep their health vibrant till their end. बेवहाय इसेल’ दं जायफोर गावसोरनि देहाखौ गावसोरनि जोबथासिम मोजाङै लाखिनो लुबैयो। Such people become old and feeble before time. बिफोरबादि सुबुंफोरा समनि आगोलनो बोराय आरो लोरबां जायो। Day by day, year by year, as we grow to maturity we must think of piling up our health capital in the bank of health. सानै-सान, बोसोरै बोसोर, जों बैसोगोरा जाबोनायजों जों देहानि दोनथुमसालियाव जोंनि देहा-आसोलदोहोनखौ जखालामनायखौ सानथारनांगोन। These funds, we can use freely under expert guidance. बेफोर थुबिलफोरखौ रोंगौसा बिथोननि सिङाव जों उदाङै बाहायनो हागोन। With a planned outlook on health, we can spend our energy profitably. देहायाव मोनसे बिथांखिनाय नोजोरजों जों जोंनि गोहोखौ मुलामफागोनाङै बाहायगारनो हायो। We will grow strong and more complete as human beings. सुबुं-जोलै महरै जों गोख्रों आरो बांसिन आबुङै देरगोन। We can "spend" our health energy and still regain what we lost or even add to the vital riches. जों जोंनि देहा दोहोनखौ बाहायगारनो हायो आरो थेवबो जों जा खोमादों आरजिफिनो एबा बबेखानि गोनां दोहोनफोराव दाजाबदेरनो हायो। This can be done only through intelligent direction. बेखौ सोलोगोनां बिथोननि गेजेरजोंल’ मावनो हायो। The knowledge essential to keep the body, bouncing, surging and vigorous must be understood and closely followed. देहाखौ रंजाबाजा, गोख्रों आरो बोलोगोनां लाखिनो नांगौजानाय गियानफोरखौ बुजिनो आरो मोजाङै उनसंथारनांगौ। The pain is relieved for the time being at the cost of the health of other parts of the body, especially the heart and kidneys, and the neuritis remains. सानाया दानदिसेनि थाखाय देहानि गुबुन बाहागोफोर जरखायै बिखा आरो किदनिफोर, आरो निउरितिस थाथायफोरनि बेसेनाव खारो। Wasteful habits are condemned. खामानिगैयि हुदाफोरा मुगैजायो। A spendthrift hardly gets worthwhile enjoyment out of life. सासे हालाहुसाबाहायग्राया गोब्राबैसो जिउनि बायजोयाव बेसेनगोसा रंजानाय मोनो। Being a spendthrift in the principles of good health may lead you to complete breakdown. मोजां देहानि बोसोनखानथिफोराव हालाहुसाबाहायनाय जानाया नोंखौ आबुं फेलेंजानायाव दैदेननो हागौ। Spend your life carefully. नोंनि जिउखौ जोथोनै दैथाय। You cannot keep it in a bank as you deposit your money. नों नोंनि रांखौ दोनथुमनायबादि नों बेखौ रांदोनथुमसालियाव दोननो हाया। Good health is something you can carry around with you. मोजां देहाया नों नोंनि सोरगिदिं रोगानो हानाय खायसेमुवा। It will give a bloom to your complexion and put a song in your heart. बेयो नोंनि महराव बारस्रानाय होगोन आरो नोंनि गोरबोयाव दोंसे मेथाइ जाखांहोगोन। It will bring you opportunities, get you friends and love. बेयो नोंनो खाबुफोर लाबोगोन, नोंखौ लोगोफोर आरो अननाय मोनहोगोन। You should aim at looking and feeling young when you are old. जेब्ला नों बोरायो, नों सेंग्रा नुनाय आरो मोनदांनायाव थांखिलानांगौ। A buoyant, dynamic health is a big treasure. मोनसे रंजालु, साबनाहामना देहाया मोनसे गेदेर बाख्रि। Do not worry when you feel sick or unwell. जिंगादासि जेब्ला नों नोरजिया एबा लोमजानाय मोनो। If you lose all hope, you will keep on worrying and you will feel that all failures and sufferings have been heaped by Karma on you. जुदि नों गासै मिजिंखौ खोमायो, नों जिंगासिबाय थागोन आरो नों मोनदांगोनदि गासै फेलंफोर आरो भुगिनांफोरा नोंनि खामानिजोंनो जाबसिनजाबाय। Only with good health can they enjoy and have fun and the fruits of life. मोजां देहाजोंल’ बिसोर रंजानो हायो आरो रंजाबाजा मोनो आरो जिउनि फिथाइफोरखौ मोननो हायो। You will feel that the world has become your enemy. नों मोनदांगोनदि बुहुमा नोंनि सुथुर जाबाय। The biggest enemy cannot harm you so much as you can harm yourself through such pessimism. नों गावखौनोगाव बेफोरबादि निरासाबादनि गेजेरजों खहाखालामनो हानाय सेबां गिदिरथारसिन सुथुरा नोंखौ बांद्राय खहाखालामनो हाया। It is the weakest who lose in a struggle. बेनो लोरबांसिन जायफोरा मोनसे जुजिनायाव गोमायो। You must try to struggle and win. नों जुजिनो आरो देरहानो नाजाथारनांगोन। It will give you bigger strength. बेयो नोंनो गिदिरसिन बोलो होगोन। It will be a source of pride and stimulation and help you towards bigger achievements. बेयो मोनसे दुगा आरो मेलेमदुंखांनायनि मोनसे फुंखा जागोन आरो देरसिन देरहासाफोरनि फारसे नोंखौ हेफाजाब होगोन। Nature has given man, ambition, the urge to conquer. मिथिंगाया जैखालामनायनि थुलुंगा हासथायथिखौ मानसिनो होबाय। She has equipped him for struggle, with hopes and dreams. बियो बिखौ मिजिं आरो सिमांफोरजों जुजिनो थाखाय थियारिखालामबाय। Through the understanding of the past, he profits for tomorrow's work through the use of a dynamic and vital mind. गोजामखौ बुजिनायनि गेजेरजों बियो गोहोगोनां आरो गोनां मेलेम बाहायथिनि गेजेरजों गाबोननि खामानिनि थाखाय मुलामफाखालामो। Do not think that this treasure of good health is beyond your reach. साननो नाङादि मोजां सावस्रिनि बे बाख्रिया नोंनि मोनहासहैनायनि गोजानाव। The power to fulfil is in him. जाफुंहोनायनि गोहोआ बिनियाव दं। He needs to triumph and he must triumph. बियो देरहासार जानांगोन आरो बियो देरहासारजाथारनांगोन। Life will not accept anything less of him and let him live in peace and happiness. जिउआ बिनि जेबो खम आजावनाय नङा आरो बिखौ गोजोन आरो खुसिआव थांनाथानो हो। Every man can be successful in his own field of life. साफ्रोमबो मानसिया बिनि गावनि जिउनि असे फोथाराव देरहासारा जानो हायो। No power or circumstances can entirely frustrate him. जेबो गोहो एबा थासारिफोरानो आबुङै बिखौ हाथासखालामनो हाया। No fate can doom him to despair. जेबो बराता बिखौ हाथास जाहानो हाया। The hope, the vision, the dream, he can fulfil them all. मिजिं, थांखि, सिमां, बियो बेफोर गासैखौबो जाफुंहोनो हायो। Yet success cannot be achieved by mind alone, for mind cannot exist or function without the body. नाथाय देरहासारनाया मेलेमजोंल’ जाफुंसारहोजाया, आरो देहे नङाबालानो मेलेमआ थाविरिनो एबा खामानिमावनो हाया। It is foolish to think that the mind can be cultivated at the expense of the body. बेखौ साननाया जामबादि देहानि खरसायाव मेलेमआ जौगाहोजायो। It is like destroying the candle to save the candle light. बेयो मम सोरांखौ रैखाखालामनो ममखौ फोजोबस्रांनाय बादिसो। Be prepared for hard work. गोब्राब खामानिनि थाखाय थियारि जा। A movement of physical culture idea has become vitally necessary in modern life. देहायारि हारिमु सानस्रिनि मोनसे दोरदथिया गोदान जिउआव गोनांथारै गोनां जाबाय। It is foolish to ask which is more important - the body or the mind. बबे बांसिन गोनां- देहा ना मेलेम बेखौ सोंनाया जामबा। The two are closely inter-related and interwoven. मोननैया खाथियै इसिङारि सोमोनदोगोनां आरो खाथिसोमोनदोगोनां। Any effort to develop one at the cost of other will be self-defeating. गुबुननि खरसायाव मोनसेखौ जौगाहोनो जायखिजाया नाजानाया गावखौ-फेजेननाय जागोन। Greeks are known as founders of western civilization. ग्रिकफोरा सोनाबारि सोदोमस्रिनि गायसनगिरि महरै मोनथिजायो। They based their civilization on gymnastics and music. बिसोर बिसोरनि सोदोमस्रिखौ जिमनासतिक आरो खनसारनि सायाव बिथाखालामदोंमोन। For them gymnastics meant the building of fine bodies by regular exercise done naked. बिसोरनि थाखाय जिमनासतिकफोरा लंथङै नियमिया बियाम खालामनायजों मोजां देहाफोर दानायखौ ओंथिफोरमायोमोन। Music which included poetry and drama meant the training of the mind and release of emotion. खनसारा, जाय खनथाय आरो फावथिनाखौ सरजाबफादोंमोन, मेलेमनि फोरोंथाय आरो आबेगखौ उदांखालामनायखौ ओंथिफोरमायोमोन। If one was physically and emotionally developed, according to their theory, he was educated. बिसोरनि बुंफुरलु बादिब्ला जुदि सासेमानसिया देहायारियै आरो आबेगारियै जौगाहोजायोमोन, बिनो सोलोंथायगोनांमोन। India went beyond this and invented yoga and meditation, and delved into the vastness of mind power. भारता बेनि बादगा थांदोंमोन आरो जगा आरो तपस्या, आरो मेलेम गोहोनि गुवारथिआव नायसोमदोंमोन। Be patient and persistent. सहायसुला आरो नाजाथाबग्रा जा। Yoga asana exercises made the body fit and healthy, then went deeper into the unknown recesses of the mind by meditation to know its vast power to control the body. जगा आसन बियामफोरा देहाखौ गोख्रों आरो देहागोनां खालामोमोन, बेनिउनाव तपस्याजों देहाखौ दबथायनो बेनि गुवार गोहोखौ मोनथिनो मेलेमनि मोनथियै गोथौथिफोरसिम गोथौसिन थाङोमोन। Now it has been proved beyond doubt that in many diseases the mind is the culprit or that it plays a major role. सनदेखौ बारना दा बेयो फोरमानखालामजाबायदि गोबां बेरामफोराव मेलेमआनो दायनिगिरि एबा बेयो मोनसे गाहाय बिफाव गेलेयो। If the mind can be controlled the disease can also be controlled. जुदि मेलेमआ दबथायजायो, बेरामाबो दबथायजायो। Frighten a man and his heart will beat more rapidly. सासे मानसिखौ सिगि आरो बिनि मैखुना बांसिन गोख्रैयै गुरलुबगोन। Make him happy and you will notice a sparkle in his eyes and a glow on his cheeks. बिखौ खुसि खालाम आरो नों बिनि मेगनफोराव जोंखोल आरो बिनि खावलायफोराव गोजोंखौ नुगोन। Teach him better ways to think and his power to act effectively increases. बिखौ साबसिन लामाफोरखौ साननो फोरों आरो फिथाइगोनाङै खामानिमावनो बिनि गोहोखौ बांहोगोन। Improve the vitality of his body and his mind is energised and quickened. बिनि देहानि गोहोखौ जौगाहो आरो बिनि मेलेमआ गोहोगोनां आरो गोख्रैखालामजागोन। An improved co-ordination of mind leads to greater mental accuracy. मेलेमनि मोनसे जौगानाय गोरोबथिया देरसिन मेलेमारि गेबेंथिखौ दैदेनो। An effective body means effective thinking. मोनसे गोहोमगोनां देहाया गोहोमगोनां साननायखौ ओंथिफोरमायो। Ability to act surely and well gives the ability to act surely and swiftly. गमामायै आरो मोजाङै मावनायनि गोहोआ गमामायै आरो गोख्रैयै मावनायनि गोहोखौ होयो। You will soon see that you can come out of your sickness; your vigour will go on increasing, your zest for life gradually will fill you up, you will again begin to feel optimistic. नों थाबैनो नुगोनदि नों नोंनि नोरजियानिफ्राय बारगगोन; नोंनि बोलोआ बांबोगोन, जिउनि थाखाय नोंनि थुलुंगाया लासैयै नोंखौ आबुंखालामगोन, नों फिन आसाबादि मोनदांनो जागायगोन। They have co-ordinated muscles which means they are perfectly under the control of their mind. बिसोर गेहेनफोरखौ हेफाजाबहोबाय जायनि ओंथिया बिसोरो मोजाङै बिसोरनि मेलेमनि दबथायथिनि सिङाव दं। People who have the finest brains have been good athletes also. साबसिन मेलेम गोनां मानसिफोरा मोजां गेलेगिरिबो जाबोगासिनो दं। George Washington could in a long jump cover 22 feet. गोलाव बारनायाव जर्ज वासिंतना 22 फुत कभार बारनोहायोमोन। something that only about one in ten thousand are able to perform. माबाफोर जायखौ जि रोजानि सासेल’आ मावफुंनो हायो। Lord Byron was known to have club feet. लर्द बायरना क्लाब आथिंफोर गोनां होनना मोनथिजायोमोन। He was as good as his poetry. बियो बिनि खनथायबादि मोजांमोन। Napoleon was a man of small stature. नेपलिअना फिसा दाथायनि सासे मानसिमोन। Obesity and over eating shortened his life, yet he was of tremendous energy, he habitually worked 18 hours a day. लोदोबेराम आरो बांद्राय जानाय बिनि जिउखौ सुंहोदोंमोन, थेवब्लाबो बियो जोबोर गोहोगोनांमोन, बियो हुदायारियै सानसेयाव 18 घन्टा खामानि मावोमोन। Tennyson was described as fine looking. तेनिसना समायना होनना फोरमायजायोमोन। Wordsworth was handsome and had heroic proportions. वर्दसर्थआ समायनामोन आरो जोहोलावआरि दाथायफोर दंमोन। Do not be in a hurry. हाखादावरा दाजा। Walter Scott had the frame of herculean proportions. वालतार स्कतहा गोहोगोनां दाथायफोरनि मोनसे दाथाय दंमोन। Tolstoy was an excellent swimmer even at sixty-five. दजिबायावबो तल्सतया सासे जोबोर मोजां सानस्रिग्रामोन। He learnt to ride a bicycle at the age of sixty-six. बियो सायखेल सालायनो दजिद’ बैसावसो सोलोंदोंमोन। When he was fifty he walked 130 miles in 3 days. जेब्ला बियो बाजिमोन, बियो 3 सानाव 130 माइल थाबायदोंमोन। Some of these men had pet illnesses and yet they were not weaklings. बेफोर मानसिफोरनि माखासेहा लोमजानाय फिसिजुनारफोर दंमोन आरो थेवब्लाबो बिसोर लोरबांथि नङामोन। Herbert Spencer was nervous, an insomniac with a bad digestion, Yet he lived to be eighty. गाज्रि दोगोनजों उनदुहायि बेरामगोनां हारबार्त स्पेनसारा मेलेमबायग्लिनायमोन, थेवब्लाबो बियो दाइनजिसिम थांनादंमोन। His real trouble was that because he could not stop thinking he found it hard to sleep. बिनि आसोल जेंनाय बेमोनदि मानोना बियो साननायखौ दबथायनो हायामोन, बेयो उनदुनो गोब्राब मोनोमोन। Gandhiji was quite lean and thin. गान्धिजिया थारै सोरलाब-सोरथाबमोन। He could work long hours and was a regular walker. बियो गोबाव सम खामानि मावनो हायोमोन आरो सासे नियमिया थाबायगिरिमोन। The size and shape of the head has little to do with brain power. खर’नि महर आरो दाथायहा मेलेम गोहोजों एसेल’ मावनोगोनां थायो। One gets sick after years of wasteful and negligent life. सासेमानसिया गोबां बोसोर बाहायगार आरो जोथोनगोयि जिउनि उनाव नोरजिया जायो। The largest brain weighs 3 lbs. गिदिरथारसिन मेलेमा 3 पाउन्द गिलिर। Many men of genius had brains unusually large, but there were also those whose brains were actually under the average size. सरासनस्रायै गोबां गोरों मानसिफोरहा गिदिर मेलेमफोर दंमोन, नाथाय थारै गर महरनि मेलेफोर गोनां मानसिफोरबो दंमोन। Persons who devote their entire life to physical development are likely to have a better physique than say those who lead sedentary lives, like scientists, lawyers or doctors. जाय मानसिफोरा बिसोरनि गासै जिउखौ देहायारि जौगानायाव बावो बिसोरहा जिरायनाय जिउ दैदेनग्रा जेरै बिगियानगिरिफोर, उकिलफोर एबा दकतरफोरनिख्रुइ साबसिन देहा थायो। A harmonious development of both body and mind most frequently wins the game of life. देहा आरो मेलेम मोननैबोनि खौसेथि जौगानाया जोबोर गलेगलेयै जिउनि गेलेनायखौ देरहायो। Some people do not seem to realise that physical life in itself is worth all our effort. खायसे मानसिफोरा गनायनो नागिरादि देहायारि जिउआ गावनोगाव जोंनि गासै नाजानायनि फिथाइ। Many hold the view that the accumulation of wealth is of a dominating importance. गोबाङानो नोजोर होयोदि धोन जथायनाया गोनांथि गादबनायनिसो। In its quest they may tend to ignore the need for physical fitness. बेनि सोंलुआव, बिसोर देहायारि गोगोथिनि गोनांथिखौ नेवसिनो गोसोजानो हागौ। They may come to regret as time pass by. सम बारगनायजों बिसोर दुखुआव फैनो हागौ। The man who commits suicide claims that life is not worth living. जाय मानसिया गावफोथैनायखौ मावो दाबियोदि जिउआ थांनाथानायनि मुलामफा गैया। Those who do not care for their health also commit suicide, slowly and painfully. जायफोरा गावसोरनि देहानि थाखाय जोथान लाया, बिसोरबो लासैयै आरो दुखुयै गावफोथैनायखौ मावो। Improvement also comes in at a slow and steady pace. जौगासारनायाबो लासै आरो गोमजोर खारथायाव फैयो। There are people who reduce their physical activity to a minimum, hoping to gain time for the pursuit of wealth. धोन बुथुमनो थाखाय सम आरजिनो आसाखालामनानै बिसोरनि देहायारि खामानिखौ खमथार खालानाय मानसिफोर दं। This philosophy defeats itself. बे सानथौआ गावखौनोगाव फेजेनो। Temporarily, the man who neglects his body may gain time for other affairs. दानदिसेआरियै जाय मानसिया गावनि देहाखौ नेवसियो गुबुन आयदाफोरनि थाखाय सम आरजिनो हागौ। If no immediate bad effects follow, he feels that he has an edge over the man who devotes time and thought to cultivate his body. जुदि जेबो हरखाब गाज्रि गोहोमफोरा उनसङा, बियो मोनदाङोदि समखौ जाय बावो आरो गावनि देखौ सामलायनो सानोमोन बे मानसिनि सायाव बिहा मोनसे सिमना दं। Temporarily, the man who neglects his body does gain time for other activities. दानदिसेआरियै जाय मानसिया गावनि देहाखौ नेवसियो गुबुन खामानिफोरनि थाखाय सम आरजियो। The habit of laziness is created first by the non-physical demand of life. अलसियानि हुदाया गिबियै जिउनि देहायारि नङै दाबिजों सोरजिजायो। Then the habit of neglect becomes a force in itself to discourage the return to a physically active life. बेनिउनाव नेवसिनायनि हुदाया देहायारियै मावथि जिउसिम गिदिंबोफिननायखौ गावनो गाव मेलेमगोयैखालामनाय मोनसे गोहो जायो। Thus a vicious circle of body neglect is established. बिदिनो देहा नेवसिनायनि मोनसे गाज्रि बेंखनथाया गायसनजायो। The condition drifts from bad to worse, usually, until some pronounced break in health sets in and causes interference to his mental or financial achievements. सरासनस्रायै देहा दाथायफोराव खायसे नुथावनाया बायागौमानि आरो बिनि मेलेमारि एबा रांखानथियारि देरहासारथिफोराव हेंथा सोमजियागौमानि थासारिया गाज्रिनिफ्राय गाज्रिसिनसिम दोरोदलाङो। Only then pain and fear force a realization of the mistake he has made by neglecting the well-being of the body. बेनि उनावसो दुखु आरो गिनाया देहानि मोजांखौ नेवसिनानै बियो खालामखांनाय गोरोनथिनि मोनसे उनदाहाखौ सोमजिखांहोयो। The most important thing is that you should be hopeful. जोबोर गोनां बाथ्राया जादोंदि नों आसाबादि जानांगौ। There is belated and blind stampede then, in the quest of good health. अब्ला मोजां देहानि सोंलुआव गोबावजालांनाय आरो गोथे हाखा-दावरा दं। Nature has not intended man to become ill. मिथिंगाया मानसिखौ नोरजिया जाहोनो गोसोखालामाखै। This unfortunately happens when there is suppression of natural activity and perversion of instincts. दुखुनांथावनायै बेयो जायो जेब्ला बेहाय मिथिंगायारि गादबथि आरो जोनोम फैफा आखुफोरनि गाज्रिबाहायथिफोर थायो। Once the health is impaired, no matter how, nature does attempt to repair the damage just as it heals the cut on the body surface. खेबसे देहाया खहाजायोब्ला, मिथिंगाया बेयो देहा साबाहागोआव बौनायखौ हमहोनाय बादि खहाजानायखौ मिथिंगाया माबोरै फाहामफिननो नाजायो जेबो जाहोन गैया। In this, nature can be helped to help the body. बेयाव मिथिंगाया देहाखौ हेफाजाबहोनो हेफाजाबहोजानो हायो। Prevention is better than cure. होबथानाया फाहामनायनिख्रुइ साबसिन। Those who are deficient in health and then regain it realise that prevention is better than cure. जायफोरा देहायाव थोजासेनङि आरो उनाव बेखौ आरजिफिनो बुजियोदि होबथानाया फाहामनायनिख्रुइ साबसिन। If the loss of health can be prevented it is better and such a person has better reasons to be grateful to nature. जुदि देहा गोमानाया होबथाजायो, बेयो साबसिन आरो बेफोरबादि सासे मानसिहा मिथिंगानि खाथियाव गेजेनजानो साबसिन जाहोनफोर थायो। Preventing disease and building health are the primary ends, cure comes next. बेराम होबथानाय आरो देहा दानाया गुदि खामानि, फाहामनाया नैथियाव फैयो। Those who are wealthy know the need for survival because the building of their financial empire is less important than the building of their health to enjoy this wealth. जायफोरा धोनि थांनाथानायनि ओंथिखौ मोनथियो मानोना बिसोरनि रांखानथियारि सामराज्योखौ दानाया बिसोरनि बे धोनखौ रंजानो बिसोरनि देहा दानायनिख्रुइ खम गोनांथि। The body is the most beautiful creation of God. देहाया गसायनि जोबोर समायना सोरजिथाय। It is natural to be well as to be born. जोनोमजाना मोजां जानाया मिथिंगायारि। This may be attributed to the fact that his mother fell asleep as Arjun explained the intricacies of how he came out of the enemy formation. बेखौ सैथो होनना दायफोनांनो हायोदि बिनि बिमाया उनदुखनलांदोंमोन जेब्ला अरजुना बियो माबोरै सुथुरनि दाथायनिफ्राय बारगदोंमोननि जेंनाफोरखौ बेखेवदोंमोन। All pathological conditions, all diseases and all tendencies to diseases are the result of the transgression of physiologic and hygienic law. गासै पेथलजिकेल थासारिफोर, गासै बेरामफोर आरो बेराम जाहोनायनि गासै जाहोनफोरा गोसोबिगियाननिक आरो साखोनसिखोन नेमखौ सिफायनायनि फिथाइ। This is the science of health in a nutshell. मोनसे नातसेलाव बेनो देहानि गोनोखो। With the passage of time we have come to know that it is not so. समनि बारलांनायजों जों मोनथिबायदि बेयो बेबादि नङा। Penicillin has its own limitations. पेनिसिलिनहा बेनि गावनि सिमनाफोर दं। Every 2-3 years we develop a new generation of mycin and in 2-3 years they become ineffective due to growth of resistant bacteria. मोनफ्रोम 2-3 बोसोरफोराव, जों मायसिननि मोनसे गोदान जोलै जौगाहोयो आरो 2-3 बोसोराव बेफोरो होबथा बेकतेरिया उजिनायनि थाखाय उदायि जायो। They help to check infection no doubt, but they cause side effects. जेबो गोनोगोथो गैया, बिसोर सनदेरथिखौ आनजादनायनो हेफाजाबहोयो, नाथाय बेफोर उफेरा जाउनफोर जाहोयो। With the arrival of cancer and Aids we have come to realize the limitations of drugs. केरसार आरो एद्स सफैनायजों जों मुलिफोरनि सिमनाफोरखौ मोनथिबाय। We know that the food we eat and environmental hazards are responsible for cancer. जों मोनथियोदि जों जानाय आदार आरो आबहावायारि खैफोदफोरानो केनसारनि थाखाय दायनिगिरि। More fat in the diet and lack of fibre causes cancer. आदाराव बांद्राय मेजेम आरो मैगं-बेजेनि आंखाला केनसार सोमजिहोयो। It has its own mechanism to fight diseases. बेरामफोरखौ जुजिनो बेहा गावनि असे मावबिखानथि दं। New research is on to develop treatment within our body - through antibody reaction, relying on the body's immune system. देहानि होबथा बिखानथियाव सोनारनानै होबथादेहानि जोहै जोंनि देहानि सिङाव सिकितसा जौगाहोनो गोदान नायबिजिरसंआ सोलिगासिनो दं। If we are not careful with our food, exercise and relaxation, inspite of our best scientific knowledge, new diseases will keep on cropping up. जोंनि साबसिन गोनोखोआरि गियान थासेयावबो जुदि जों जोंनि आदार, बियाम आरो जिरायनायजों सांग्रां नङा, गोदान बेरामफोरा सोमजिबाय थागोन। Do not rush to the doctor when you get fever, wait for 2-3 days, it may subside by itself. जेब्ला नों लोमजानाय मोनो दाकतरनियाव दा खारलां, 2-3 सानफोरनि थाखाय नेथ’, बेयो गावनोगाव जायखारनो हागौ। When you have fever the antibody formation goes up over 20 times more at 400C (1020F). जेब्ला नोंहा लोमजानाय थायो, हेंथादेहा दाथाया 400सिआव(1020एफ) 20 गुन बांसिन जाहैयो। This means that the body is gearing up to fight for itself. बेयो ओंथिफोरमायोदि देहाया गावनोगावनि थाखाय दावहानांनो थियारिखालामगासिनो दं। Do not take medicines for minor ailments like cold or headaches, wait and see, many a times these will disappear within days. गोरलै लोमजानायफोर जेरै गगा एबा खरसानायफोरनि थाखाय मुलै दाला, नेथ’ आरो नाय, गोबां सामाव बेफोरो साननैसोआवनो गोमालांगोन। Cold is a viral infection, it will take 5-7 days to make itself scarce whether you take drugs or not. गगाया मोनसे भायरेल सनदेरथि, नों मुलै लागोनना लाया बेखौ गोनांथि दिनथिनो बेयो 5-7 सानफोर लागोन। In fact, no medicine is effective for viral infection. थारैनो, भायरेल सनदेरथिनि थाखाय जेबो मुलियानो जाउनगोनां नङा। Most innocent looking drugs are not so innocent, they have side effects. बांसिन गोरलै नुनाय मुलैफोरानो एसेबां गेरलै नङा, बिसोरहा उफेरा जाउनफोर थायो। Choose a good doctor who prescribes minimum drugs. सासे मोजां दाकतर सायख’ जाय खमसिन मुलैफोर गनायथिहोयो। It is a self-maintaining machine and it is self-sustaining. बेयो मोनसे गाव सामलायथि दाजेम आरो बेयो गावनोगाव थावरिनाय। A correct diagnosis depends on his expertise and skill. मोनसे थि बेराम संनाया बिनि रोंगौसारथि आरो रोंगुननि सायाव सोनारो। This is why it is better to wait for 2-3 days and have a proper diagnosis before treatment, give the body a chance to cure itself. बेखायनो 2-3 सानफोरनि थाखाय नेनाया आरो सिकितसानि सिगाङाव मोनसे मोजां बेरामसंनाय लानाया साबसिन, देहाखौ गावनोगाव हामखांनो मोनसे खाबु हो। Yoga is coming to the rescue of medical science in many ways. गोबां बिथिंफोराव जगाया मेदिकेल गोनोखोनि रैखाथियाव फैगासिनो दं। The hold of the mind over matter has become the magic of the modern era. आयदानि सायाव मेलेमनि थाथाया गोदान मुगानि जादु जाबाय। For century's yogis of India practiced self-control. गोबां जौथाय भारतनि जगाखालाग्राफोरा गाव-होबथाखौ सरसा खालामदोंमोन। They have been able to cure illnesses that doctors were unable to. बिसोर लोमजानायखौ फाहामनो हाबोगासिनो दं जायखौ दाकतरफोरा हायाखैमोन। They believe in bio feedback and their key phrase is "patient heal thyself". बिसोर जैब बोसोनहरफिननायाव फोथायो आरो बिसोरनि गाहाय बाथ्राखोनदोआ जादों “बेरामिया गावनोगाव हामो।” Experiments show that with the aid of sensitive machines, patients can control certain body functions, previously thought to be uncontrollable. आनजादफोरा दिनथियोदि सांग्रां दाजेमफोरनि हेफाजाबजों बेरामिफोरा सिगाङाव दबथायजायि होनना सानजानाय खायसे देहा खामानिफोरखौ दबथायनो हायो। Scientists have found the illnesses connected with the heart, brain, muscle groups and circulatory systems can be overcome, if not cured completely, by bio feedback which is connected with our ability to control alpha brain waves and the electro impulses from the limbic system located just below the cortex. बिगियानगिरिफोरा लोमजानायफोरखौ मैखुन, मेलेम, गेहेन हानजाफोरजों सोमोनदोथानायखौ मोनबाय आरो जुदि जैब’ बोसोनजों आबुङै फाहामजाया थैखारसारथि बिखानथिफोरखौ बारगहोनो हायो जाय जोंनि आलफा मेलेम गुथालफोरखौ दबथायनो जोंनि गोहो आरो करतेक्सनि एसेल’ गाहायाव थानाय लिमबिक बिखानथिनिफ्राय एलिकत्र एमपाल्सफोरजों सोमोनदो दं। Scientists in 1935 said that the alpha waves normally occur when our eyes are closed for some time, when we stare into the distance. 1935आव बिगियानगिरिफोरा बुदोंमोनदि आलफा गुथालफोरा सरासनस्रायै सोमजियो जेब्ला जोंनि मेगनफोरा जों गोजानाव नायजोरनाय समाव खायसे समनि थाखाय खोबजायो। It can run itself efficiently and can do its repairs when need arises. बेयो गावनो थोजासेयै सोलिनो हायो आरो जेब्ला गोनांथिया नुजायो गावनि फाहामफिनफोरखौ मावनो हायो। The brain normally produces only beta and generally cause the body and nervous system to slow down and relax. मेलेमा सरासनस्रायै बिताल’ दिहुनो आरो सरासनस्रायै देहा आरो स्नायु बिखानथिखौ लासै खालामो आरो जिराय होयो। In 1910, the German hypnotist, Johan Schultz, taught patients to talk themselves into a relaxed state. 1910आव जारमान हिपनतिस्त जहान स्कुल्तजआ मोनसे जिरायनाय थासारियाव गावसोरनोगाव रायलायनो फोरोंदोंमोन। He had surprising results. बियो गोमोथाव फिथाइफोर मोनदोंमोन। For instance when they repeated the phrase "my hands are warm" their hands did in fact grow warmer. बिदिनथि महरै, “आंनि आखायफोरा गुदुं” जेब्ला बिसोर बे बाथ्राखोनदोखौ बुंफिनदोंमोन, बिसोरनि आखायफोरा थारैनो गुदुंसिन जादोंमोन। In 1964 American doctors confirmed Schultz experiments through instruments which monitored skin temperature. 1964आव आमेरिकान दाकतरफोरा दाजेमफोरनि जोहै, जाय बिगुर दुंथायखौ नायसङोमोन, स्कुल्तज आनजादफोरखौ रोखाखालामदोंमोन। The volunteer was asked to relax and to feel his hands getting warmer. मावसुमाया जिरायनो आरो बिनि आखायखौ गुदुंसिन मोनदांनो थिनजादोंमोन। The instrument recorded an increase in temperature in their hands. बे दाजेमा बिसोरनि आखायफोराव दुंथाय बांनायखौ फोरमानखालामदोंमोन। It involves more than just the absence of disease. बेयो बेरामल’ गोयिनिख्रुइबो बांसिनखौ सरजाबो। A truly healthy person does not only feet well but he gets along well with other people and has a realistic outlook on life. सासे थारै देहागोनां सुबुंङा जग्यल’ जाया नाथाय बियो गुबुन मानसिफोरजों मोजाङै थायो आरो जिउआव मोनसे मोखथां इउनफोथायथि थायो। Good health helps people to achieve their goals and enjoy life to the full. मोजां देहाया मानसिफोरखौ बिसोरनि थांखिफोरखौ जाफुंसारहोनो आरो आबुङै जिउखौ रंजानो हेफाजाबहोयो। If you know your mistakes and avoid committing them you will improve your health - you are a strong person. जुदि नों नोंनि गोरोनथिफोरखौ मोनथियो आरो बेफोरखौ मावनो नागारो, नों नोंनि देहेखौ जौगाहोनो हागोन- नों सासे गोख्रों सुबुं। People must , therefore, have basic knowledge about the human body, how it functions, and its subtle defence mechanism. बेखायनो मानसिफोरहा सुबुं देहानि सोमोनदै बेयो माबोरै खामानिमावो, आरो बेनि सोलोगोनां होबथा मावबिखानथि सोमोनदै गुदि गियाना थाथारनांगौ। Learning about good health should be made part of one's education so that from a tender age they come to know what will be good for their body and what will harm it. मोजां देहानि सोमोनदै सोलोंनाया सासेमानसिनि सोलोंथायनि बाहागो खालामजानांगौ जाहाथे गोरलै बैसोनिफ्रायनो बिसोर मोनथियो माया बिसोरनि देहानि थाखाय मोजां जागोन आरो माया बेखौ खहाखालामगोन। To maintain physical health, all parts of the body must work together. देहायारि सावस्रिखौ सामलायनो, देहानि गासैबो बाहागोफोरानो जयै खामानि मावथारनांगोन। A person with a good physical and mental condition has the energy and the strength to enjoy active life and withstand the stress of daily living. मोजां देहायारि आरो मेलेमारि थासारि गोनां सासे सुबुङा साग्रां जिउ रंजनो गोहो आरो बोलो थायो आरो सानफ्रोमारि जिउखुंनायनि सिनथाखौ हेंथायोहोयो। The essential conditions for good living are proper nutrition, exercise, rest, relaxation, sleep, cleanliness and medical and dental care. मोजां जिउखुंनायनि गोनां थासारिफोरा जादों मोजां निउत्रिसन, बियाम, जिरायनाय, आरामलानाय, उनदुनाय साखोन-सिखोन आरो मेदिकेल आरो हाथायारि जोथोन। A balanced diet provides all the food substance for health, proper growth and development. मोनसे सुथायगोनां आदारा देहा, मोजां देरनाय आरो जौगानायनि थाखाय गासै आदार मुवाफोरखौ जगायो। Nutritionists classify nutrients into five main groups: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. निउत्रिसनिस्तफोरा निउत्रिनफोरखौ मोनबा हानजाफोराव बाहागो रानो: कारबहाइद्रेतफोर, मेजेमफोर, प्रतिनफोर, भितामिनफोर आरो खनिजफोर। Water is essential for life but it is considered separately from nutrients. दैया जिउनि थाखाय गोनां नाथाय बेखौ निउत्रिनफोरनि एखुथा गनायथिनाय जायो। A balance diet consists of a wide variety of foods. मोनसे सुथाय आदारा गोबां रोखोमनि आदारफोरजों दाजायो। Fruits and vegetables provide vitamins and minerals. फिथाइफोर आरो मैगंफोरा भितामिन आरो खनिजफोर जगायो। If you know your mistakes and carry on with them you will get unwell but will be able to come out of it by mending your mistakes. जुदि नों नोंनि गोरोनथिफोरखौ मोनथियो आरो बेफोरखौ लांफाबाय थायो, नों जब्रा जागोन नाथाय नोंनि गोरोनथिफोरखौ सुद्रायनानै बेनिफ्राय बारगनो हागोन। Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products and nuts are rich sources of protein. बेदर, दाव, ना, दावदै, गायखेर मुवाफोर आरो बादामफोरा जादों प्रतिननि मोजां फुंखाफोर। Bread, cereal and potatoes furnish carbohydrates in addition to vitamins and minerals. रुति, सिरेल आरो आलुफोरा भितामनिफोर आरो खनिजफोरनि अनगायैबो कारबहाइद्रेदफोरबो जगायो। Good nutrition includes eating the proper amount of food each day, overeating leads to obesity. मोजां निउत्रिसना सानफ्रोमबो थि बिबांनि आदार जानायखौ सरजाबो, बांद्रायजानाया लोदोबेराम जाहोयो। Excess weight puts extra strain on the heart and increases a person's chances of getting diabetes and other ailments. बांद्राय लिरथाया बिखायाव उफेरा अलखद जाबसिनो आरो सुबुंनि दायबेतिस आरो गुबुन जब्राफोर जानायनि खाबुफोरखौ बांहोयो। The best way to lose weight is to follow a regular health farming programme of diet and treatment. लिरथाय खोमानायनि साबसिन लामाया जादों आदार आरो सिकितसानि मोनसे नियमिया देहा आबादखालामनाय हाबाफारि फालिनाय। Exercise tones up muscles and improves the function of the circulatory and respiratory systems. बियामा गेहेनफोरखौ राफोदखालामो आरो थैखारसारथि आरो हांलानाय बिखानथिफोरनि खामानिखौ जौगाहोयो। It enables the body to withstand stresses that otherwise could cause physical and emotional problems. बेयो नारसिनथायफोरखौ होबथानो देहाखौ गोहोहोयो जाय नङाब्ला देहायारि आरो आबेगआरि जेंनाफोर जाहोनो हागौ। Rest and sleep help it to overcome fatigue and restore energy. जिरायनाय आरो उनदुनाया मेंनायखौ फेजेननो हेफाजाबहोयो आरो गोहो बुथुमफिनो। Cleanliness controls the growth of bacteria and germs. साखोनसिखोना बेकतेरिया आरो बिजानुफोरनि सोमजिनायखौ होबथायो। A daily bath keeps the body free from dirt and odour. सानफ्रोमबो दुगैनाया देहाखौ मैला आरो मोनामनायनिफ्राय उदां खालामो। You are an average person. नों सासे गर सुबुं। The hair should also be washed regularly. खानायाबो नियमियायै सुजानांगौ। Daily dental care, brushing the teeth properly and keeping them clean are essential for keeping good health. सानफ्रोमआरि हाथाय जोथोन, हाथायफोरखौ मोजाङै हुनाय आरो बेफोरखौ साफाखालामनाया मोजां देहा लाखिनायनि थाखाय गोनां। The power of one's body to heal itself has not been fully realised. गावनोगाव हामनो सासेमानसिनि देहानि गोहोआ आबुङै मोनथिजायाखै। Nature has worked out a defence mechanism for our body's ills. मिथिंगाया जोंनि देहानि लोमजानायफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे होबथा मावबिखानथि दादों। Therefore health farming is not much different from farming in the fields. बेखायनो देहा आबादखालामनाया फोथाराव आबादमावनायनिफ्राय एसेबां फाराग नङा। With better nutrition, sun, fresh air, exercise and mental relaxation your health will bloom. मोजां निउत्रिसन, सान, थाजिम बार, बियाम आरो मेलेमारि जिरायनायजों नोंनि देहाया बारस्रागोन। The body has an inherent capacity to heal itself. सावस्रिहा गावनोगाव हामखांनो मोनसे बंसआरि गोहो थायो। The surgeon will put the broken ends of the bone together, keep them in position through a cast of plaster and after a few weeks the bones get united once again. सारजना बेगेंनि बायनाय खोनदाफोरखौ जयै बुथुमगोन, बेफोरखौ प्लासतारनि मोनसे कास्तनि जोहै जायगायाव लाखियो आरो खायसे सफथाफोरनि उनाव बेगेंफोरा फिन खेबसे जजायो। Gradually the wound gets healed, a new skin is formed and the crust falls out under its own weight. लासैयै गाराया हामखाङो, मोनसे गोदान बिगुरा दाजायो आरो बिगुरदाखोना बेनि गावनि लिरथायाव गाख्लायो। When a foreign substance gets embedded in the body, say after an accident, it may be removed surgically but healing is done by nature. हमनाला मोनसे हरखाबजाथायनि उनाव, जेब्ला मोनसे गुबुनारि मुवाया देहायाव हाबबाय, बेयो सिकितसाआरियै बोखारजानोहागौ नाथाय हामनाया मिथिंगाजोंसो खालामजायो। If you make mistakes and if you do not know that you are making them, then you are incapable of avoiding them and you will become diseased and will not be able to come out of it - you are a weak person. जुदि नों गोरोनथिफोर खालामो आरो जुदि नों मोनथियादि नों बेफोरखौ खालामगासिनो दं, अब्ला बेफोरखौ नेवसिनो नों गोहोगोयि आरो नों बेरामगोनां जागोन आरो नों बेनिफ्राय बारगनो हानाय नङा- नों सासे लोरबां सुबुं। If a surgeon is not available, and the substance is not removed, the pain will increase, inflammation will set in around the foreign invader. जुदि सारजना गैया, आरो मुवाया बोखारजाया, सानाय बांगोन, खामग्लाबथिया गुबुनारि गाग्लोबग्रा सोरगिदिं सोमजिगोन। In medical terms, phagocytises set in, pus is formed and the foreign body is either digested or expelled along with the pus. मेदिकेल ओंथिफोराव, फेगसाइतिसिसफोरा सोमजियो, गोमोदैया दाजायो आरो गुबुनारि देहाया दोगोनखालामजायो एबा गोमोदैजों लोगोसे दिहुगारजायो। Nature like a mother is there to protect us when we fall ill, and improve our health if we are healthy. जेब्ला जों लोमजानायाव गोगलैयो, जोंखौ होबथानो सासे बिमा बादि मिथिंगाया बेहाय दं, आरो जों जुदि देहागोनां जोंनि देहाखौ जौगाहोयो। We can compare health farming to farming in the field. जों देहा आबादखालामनायखौ फोथाराव आबादखालामनायजों रुजुनो हायो। If we use good seeds, have proper fertilisation, moisture, sunshine and a right temperature the crop will bloom If any of these are missing, if the crop does not get proper moisture or proper temperature or the right sort of fertilizer the growth will be stunted. जुदि जों मोजां बेगरफोर बाहायो, मोजां हासार, सिदोब, सानसोरां आरो थि बिदुं मोनो, आबादा बारस्रागोन, जुदि बेफोरनि जायखिजायाया गोमादों, जुदि आबादा मोजां सिदोब एबा मोजां बिदुं एबा मोजां हासार मोना, देरनाया मुज्रा जागोन। If the missing factor is restored the crop again becomes healthy and green. जुदि गोमानाय मुवाफोरा जथायजाफिनो, आबादा फिन देहागोनां आरो गोथां जायो। In farming, the quality of the seed is of prime importance. आबादखालामनायाव, बेगरनि गुना गुदि गोनांथि। A good quality seed will give a good produce. मोनसे मोजां गुनगोनां बेगरा मोनसे मोनसे मोजां दिहुनथाय होगोन। If we give fertilizer, right moisture, sunshine and warmth to a bad quality seed the crop produced will not be as good as that of a good quality seed. गाज्रि गुनगोनां बेगरनो जुदि जों हासार, मोजां सिदोब, सानसोरां आरो बिदुं होयो, आबाद दिहुनथाया बै मोनसे मोजां गुनगोनां बेगर सेबां मोजां जानाय नङा। The same is true of the human body. एखेआ सुबुं देहायावबो सैथो। Health is man's birth right. देहाया मानसिनि जोनोम मोनथाय। 47. If we are lucky to have parents with good health, we will to a large extent inherit good health. जों जुदि मोजां देहा गोनां बिमाबिफाफोर मोननो खाफालगोनां, जोंबो गोबां मोजां देहा मोनफागोन। It is now realised that even smoking or alcohol or excessive tea or coffee can have adverse effect on the growing baby. दा बेयो बुजिजायोदि सोबनाय एबा जौ एबा बांद्राय साहा एबा कफिआबो देरबोनाय खुदियानाव गोब्राब गोहोम थानो हागौ। Physical health and mental health of the mother therefore influence the growth of the offspring. बेखायनो बिमानि देहायारि सावस्रि आरो मेलेमारि सावस्रिया खुदियानि देरनायखौ गोहोमखोखलैयो। Whether the child yet to be born will become a sanyasi, a hoodlum, a musician, a philosopher or a criminal will depend on the type of "seed" implanted in the mother. दासिम जोनोमजानोगोनां गथ’आ सासे सन्यासि, गुनदा, खनसारगिरि, सानथौगिरि एबा सासे दायमावगिरि ना मा जागोन बेयो बिमानाव गायजानाय बेगरनि रोखोमनि सायाव सोनारगोन। In Mahabharata, there is a story of warrior Arjun, who related to his pregnant wife (carrying their first son Abhimanyu) about the complexities of army formations and how to tackle them. महाभारताव दावहारु अरजुननि मोनसे सल’ दं जाय फायखि दाथायफोरनि जेंनाफोरनि आरो बिसोरखौ माबोरै सामलायनायनि सोमोनदै बिनि गोरबोथानाय बिसिजों सोमोनदो दं (बिसोरनि गिबि फिसाला अभिमान्युखौ लानानै)। He told her about how he got trapped in the enemy camp (chakravyuh) and how he and his soldiers managed to come out of it. बियो माबोरै सुथुरनि बादायाव (सक्राभयुह) बोनजादोंमोन आरो माबोरै बियो आरो बिनि फायखिफोरा बेनिफ्राय बारगनो हादोंमोन बिनो खिनथादोंमोन। His wife being a worldly woman not keen on martial happenings, out of sheer boredom fell asleep while Arjun waxed eloquent about his prowess in the field of the battle. दावहायारि जाथायफोराव गोसोगोयि संसारि आयजो बिनि बिसिया आबुं बानायजों उनदुखनलांदोंमोन जेब्ला अरजुना दावहानि फोथाराव बिनि गोहोनि सोमोनदै रोखायै रागादिनथिदोंमोन। Abhimanyu was born and he grew up to be a fine soldier. अभिमान्युआ जोनोमजादोंमोन आरो बियो सासे मोजां फाफ्लिजों देरदोंमोन। He was caught in a situation similar to that of his father. बियो बिनि बिफानि बादिनो मोनसे एखे थासारियावनो खाजादोंमोन। He was not able to come out of the enemy trap, and was caught in the confrontation and killed. बियो सुथुरनि जेनिफ्राय गबोनो हायाखैमोन आरो मोगामोगियाव हमजादोंमोन आरो बुथारजादोंमोन। This story highlights that the mental state of a mother had definite influence on the growing child. बे सल’आ गोनांथिदिनथियोदि सासे बिमानि मेलेमारि थासारिहा देरबोनाय गथ’नाव रोखा गोहोम दंमोन। The body has the power to keep us free from the disease and still harbour the bacteria. सोलेरहा जोंखौ बेरामनिफ्राय उदाङै लाखिनो गोहो दं आरो थेवब्लाबो बेकतेरियाखौ जायगाहोयो। Only under great pressure people change their food habits for a while and then they return to their old ways. जोबोर नारसिननायनि थाखायल’ मानसिफोरा दसेनि थाखाय बिसोरनि खाजा हुदाफोरखौ सोलायो आरो उनाव बिसोर बिसोरनि गोजाम लामाफोराव थांफिनो। If we have a high level of vitality we will be unaffected by a disease even when we come in contact with it. जुदि जोंहा गोजौ थाखोनि गोहो थायो, जों बेरामजों गागलोबजायि जागोन जुदिबो जों जेब्ला बेजों सोमोनदोआव फैयो। When our resistance or vitality is low, these bacteria will multiply in number and attack us and then we might succumb to it. जेब्ला जोंनि होबथागोहो आरो गोहोआ खम, बेफोर बेकतेरियाआ अनजिमायाव बांगोन आरो जोंखौ गागलोबो आरो बेनिउनाव जों गेजेनजानांगौ जानोहागौ। We can take the level of vitality higher by a proper nutrition, restful sleep, exercise, drinking plenty of water, avoiding constipation and keeping ourselves relaxed. जों मोजां निउत्रिसन, आराम उनदुनाय, बियाम, गोबां दै लोंनायजों, खिगोराजानायखौ नेवसिनानै आरो जों गावनोगाव आराम लाखिनानै जों गोहोनि बिबांखौ बांसिन लाखिनो हायो। Let us not forget the role of mental condition in the causation of disease. बेराम जानायाव मेलेम थासारनि बिफावखौ जों बावगारनो नाङा। It plays a major role in many diseases. बेयो गोबां बेरामफोराव मोनसे गाहाय बिफाव गेलेयो। To kill the germ and cure the disease" is the doctrine of modern science. “जिउसाखौ बुथारनाय आरो बेरामखौ गाहोनाया” गोदान गोनोखोनि फोथायनाय। If we see this doctrine in the light of above fact that you can harbour the germ and still may not suffer the disease, it really does not appeal to a sensible mind. नों जिउसाखौ जायगाहोनो हानाय गोजौनि थारथिनि सोरांआव जुदि जों बे फोथायथिखौ नुयो आरो दासिम बेरामाव भुगिया जानोहागौ, बेयो थारैनो मोनसे सांग्रां गोसोखौ दाबिया। The body itself is keener to get rid of diseases and it has got the capacity. सोलेरा गावनोगाव बेरामफोरनिफ्राय बारगनो लुबैयो आरो बेयो बे गोहोखौ मोनदों। It has a self defence mechanism. बेहा मोनसे गाव होबथा मावबिखानथि दं। Hindu scriptures advice that during pregnancy the mother should have a serene atmosphere is made to read good books and religious literature, to be made to listen to good music so that the right seed is implanted in the mind of the growing infant. हिन्दु धोरोमारि बिजाबफोरा बिथोनहोयोदि गोरबोथानाय समाव बिमाया मोनसे गोजोन आबहावा मोननांगौ; बिखौ मोजां बिजाबफोर आरो धोरोमारि थुनलाइफोर फारायहोनांगौ आरो मोजां खनसारफोर खोनासंहोनांगौ जाहाथे देरबोनाय खुदियानि मेलेमाव थि बेगरा गायजायो। Our body has an inbuilt defence mechanism when faced with our enemy, the disease causing bacteria. जोंनि सोलेरहा मोनसे दाखानाय होबथा मावबिखानथि थायो जेब्ला बेराम सोमजिहोनाय जोंनि सुथुर बेकतेरियाजों मोगामोगि जायो। The first defence of the body is the outer skin and the membrane around the interior organs. देहानि गिबि होबथाग्राया जादों बायजोआरि बिगुर आरो इसिङारि अंगफोरनि सोरगिदिं थानाय बिदलाब। Both are mildly antiseptic liquids. मोननैबो नोरोमै जिवसाफोजोबग्रा लाललाव। The stomach acids besides digesting food also kill many dangerous invaders that are often swallowed by us. उदै एसिदफोरा आदारफोरखौ दोगोन जाहोनायनि अनगायैबो, गोबां खैफोदगोनां गाग्लोबग्राफोरखौबो बुथारो जायफोरा गोबांसमाव जोंजों मन’जायो। When the resistance of the body is low and the germs penetrate vulnerable areas, the body's infantry, the white blood cells of the blood, spring in action to its defence. जेब्ला सोलेरनि होबथागोहोआ खमजायो आरो जिउसाफोरा गागलोबथाव जायगाफोराव हाबो, सोलेरनि दावहारु थैनि गुफुर जिबख्रिफोरा बेनि होबथानि थाखाय खामानियाव जावरिखाङो। The average human body contains 3000 millions of them. गर सुबुं सोलेराव बेफोरनि 3000 मिलियन थायो। When germs invade, these cells rally and multiply at the sight of the infection and kill the enemy by absorbing and digesting it. जेब्ला जिउसाफोरा गागलोबो, बेफोर जिबख्रिफोरा थुबुरजायो आरो सनदेरथिनि जायगायाव बांफोयो आरो बेखौ सोबखांना आरो दोगोनखालामना सुथुरखौ बुथारो। Thus the name Phagocytes (eating vessels) is given to these valiant fighters. बिदिनो फाग’साइतफोर (जानाय दैबायग्रा) मुंखौ बेफोर साहसि दावहारुफोरनो होनायजायो। Many of the phagocytes die during the battle which rages in an infected area, say a boil. फाग’साइतफोरनि माखासेया दावहानि समाव थैयो जाय सनदेरनाय जायगायाव बारसिनो, हमनाला मोनसे गुग्ला। Dead bodies of these cells get collected in the form of pus. बेफोर जिबख्रिफोरनि थैनाय देहाफोरा गोमोदैनि महराव बुथुमजायो। Music has good effect even on the growth of plants. खनसारहा बिफांफोर देरनायावबो मोजां गोहोम दं। One day the boil bursts, all the pus comes out and the boil gets healed. सानसे गुग्लाया बेफ्रुयो, गासै गोमोदैया ओंखारबोयो आरो गुग्लाया हामखाङो। Antibodies are specific substances made in the blood in response to the antigen or toxins produced by invading bacteria. हेंथादेहाफोरा गागलोबनाय बेकतेरियाजों सोमजिहोजानाय एनतिजेन एबा बिसफोरनि फिनजाथायाव थैयाव बानायजानाय थि गुदिमुवाफोर। They are specific substances made to fight the germs harbouring the body at the time of the disease. बेफोरो बेरामनि समाव सोलेरखौ साग्लोबनाथानाय जिउसाफोरखौ गाग्लोबनो बानायजानाय थि गुदिमुवाफोर। This antibody is most effective in fighting the disease and the germs can never develop resistance to these antibodies because they are the instant produce of the body, as a result of the reaction of the toxins or antigen produced by bacteria. बे हेंथादेहाया बेरामखौ गागलोबनायाव जोबोर जाउनगोनां आरो जिउसाफोरा माब्लाबाबो बेफोर हेंथादेहाफोराव होबथागोहो जौगाहोनो हाया मानोना बेफोर जादों देहानि हरखाब दिहुनथाय, बेकतेरियाजों सोमजिहोजानाय बिसफोर आरो एनतिजेननि मोनसे फिथाइ महरै। They are very specific; they reach the seat of harbouring bacteria. बिसोरो जोबोर जरखा; बिसोरो साग्लोबनाय बेकतेरियानि जिरायजायगाखौ मोनहैयो। So that organs or parts of the body which are not diseased are not affected. जाहाथे देहानि अंगफोर एबा बाहागोफोरा, जायफोरा बेरामगोनां नङा, गोहोमखोखलैजाया। It will act at the site where it is required but at the same time it will act in a destructive way on other parts or organs of the body where it is not required. बेयो बे जायगायाव खामानि मावगोन जेराव बेयो गोनांजायो नाथाय बे एखे समाव सोलेरनि गुबुन बाहागोफोर एबा अंग’फोराव बेयो फोजोबस्रां बिथिङाव खामानि मावगोन जेराव बेयो गोनांजाया। All drugs apart from giving desired effects have harmful side effects also. गासै मुलिफोरानो आसागोनां जाउनफोर होनायनि अनगायैबो खहागोनां उफेरा जाउनफोरबो थायो। If a drug is used for a long time, the side effects can keep on mounting and harm the other organs of the body. जुदि मोनसे मुलिया गोलाव समनि थाखाय बाहायजायो, उफेरा जाउनफोरा बांलांबायथानो हागौ आरो देहानि गुबुन अंग’फोरखौ खहाखालामो। A simple pain killer can cause gastric ulcer, spoil digestion, affect even the heart, the kidney and the liver. मोनसे साधारन पैन किलारा गेसत्रिक आलसार जाहोनो, दोगोनखौ गाज्रिखालामनो हागौ, बबेखानि मैखुन, किदनि आरो बिखाखौबो गोहोमखोखलैनो हागौ। Scientifically, it has been found that music played daily to plants has helped to make them bloom better than those which do not have the benefit of music. गोनोखोआरियै, बेखौ मोननायजाबायदि सानफ्रोमबो बिफांफोरनो खनसार दामनाया बिसोरखौ खनसारनि मुलामफा मोनि बिफांफोरनिख्रुइ साबसिनै बारस्राहोनायाव हेफाजाबहोबाय। But in most cases the side effects are also slow to come. नाथाय बांसिन बेलाफोराव उफेरा जाउनफोराबो लासैसो फैयो। They are not immediately known to the patient. बिसोरो हरखाबै बेरामिफोरजों मोनथिजाया। Sometimes they show up after a long interval and the patient is not able to connect the cause of the new disease to the bad effect of the drug taken earlier. माखासेसमाव बिसोरो गोलाव थाद’नायनि उनावसो दिनथियो आरो बेरामिया गोदान बेरामनि जाहोनखौ सिगाङाव मुलि बाहायनायनि गाज्रि जाउनजों सोमोनदो खालामनो हाया। Any medical practitioner will agree that the best way to cure a disease is without drugs. जायखिजाया मेदिकेल प्रेकतिसनारानो राजि जागोनदि मोनसे बेराम फाहामनायनि साबसिन राहाया जादों मुलिफोर नङाबालानो। Here we may point out that even when the battle is won by phagocytes and antibodies, the body does not disband antibodies. जों बेहाय बुंनो हायोदि जुदिबो जेब्ला दावहाया फागसाइतफोर आरो हेंथादेहाफोरजों देरहाजायो, सोलेरा हेंथादेहाफोरखौ सिफाया। They persist in the blood stream for a long time, being reinforced occasionally by fresh ones manufactured in the liver and the lymphatic system So if the same germ should return, the correct antibodies are waiting to repel the attack. बेफोरो समसम बिखायाव सोमजिहोजानाय गोदानफोरजों गोहोहोफिनजानानै गोलाव समनि थाखाय थै दाहाराव थायो आरो बेखायनो जुदि एखे जिउसाया गिदिंबोफिननांगौ, थि होबथादेहा लिमफातिक बिखानथिया गाग्लोबनायखौ बोखानो नेगासिनो दं। When a child suffers from measles or small pox it gets immunity from the disease, second attack normally does not come. जेब्ला सासे गथ’आ सिथर एबा फिसा लोनथिआव भुगियो बेयो बेरामनिफ्राय इमिउनिति मोनो, नैथि गागलोबथिया सरासनस्रायै फैया। It is the survival of the fittest, children in the slums are normally immune to several ailments that could otherwise kill children in well off families. बेयो जग्यथिनि थांनाथानाय, स्लामफोराव थानाय गथ’फोरा सरासनस्रायै गोबां बेरामफोराव इमिउनु होजायो, नङाब्ला जाय नखरफोरनि गथ’फोरखौ गोरलैयै बुथारो। So do not panic when you get fever. बेखायनो जेब्ला नों लोमजायो गिनो नाङा। But do not let it rise very high - say above 104 *F. नाथाय बेखौ जोबोर गोजौ दावखोनो दाहो, हमनाला 104 *एफ गोजौ। This is true also of cows: they give more milk, if music is played to them. बेयो मोसौगायफोरनि थाखायबो सैथो: बिसोर बांसिन गायखेर होयो, जुदि खनसारखौ बिसोरनो दामनाय जायो। You can use an ice cap and a cold sponge to bring it down. नों बेखौ गाहायाव लाबोनो गांसे थफि आरो गांसे गुसु स्पन्ज बाहायनो हायो। Normally in 2-3 days through rest and fasting it will come to normal. सरासनस्रायै जिरायनाय आरो लगनथानायनि जोहै 2-3 सानफोराव बेयो सरासनस्रायाव फैगोन। If you bring down fever by drugging you will hamper proper diagnosis. जुदि नों मुलै लानानै लोमजानायखौ खमायो नों मोजां बेरामसंनायखौ हेंथाहोगोन। Immunity is the self-defence mechanism by which the body protects itself from the invading germs and bacteria. इमिउनितिया जादों गाव-होबथा मावबिखानथि जायजों देहाया गावनोगाव गागलोबनाय जिउसाफोर आरो बेकतेरियाफोरनिफ्राय होबथायो। It includes B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, cells in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, peyers patches and thymus. बेयो बि आरो ति लिमफ’साइतफोर, मन’साइतफोर, बेगें माजाफोरनि जिबख्रिफोर, लिम्फ गानथिफोर, पियारफोर, थाफनिफोर आरो थिमुफोरखौ सरजाबो। Protective immunity is critical for survival by the humans in the sea of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in which we live. होबथागोनां इमिउनितिया जाथावनायै जों जिउखुंनाय पेथ’जनिक मायक्रअरगेनिजिमनि लैथोआव सुबुंफोरजों थांनाथानायनि थाखाय जेंनागोनां। We may be able to indulge in drinking, smoking, eating the wrong type of food, be without exercise for some time and at the same time even can bear a lot of tension, but the body cannot tolerate injustice done to it if this goes on for a long time. जों खायसे समनि थाखाय बियामखालामाबालानो जौलोंनाय, सोबनाय, गोरोनथि रोखोमनि खाजाफोर जानायाव लायहोनो हागौ आरो एखे समावनो माखासे जिंगाफोरबो सहायनो हायो, नाथाय सोलेरा बेनि सायाव नियाय मावनायखौ सहायनो हाया जुदि बेयो गोलाव समनि थाखाय सोलियो। It has got its own adjustment and it tries to acclimatise the body to these wrongs to the best of its ability. बेयो बेनि गावनि गोरोबथाय मोनबाय आरो बेयो गावनि साबसिन गोहोआव बेफोर गोरोनथिफोराव देहाखौ आरजाहोनो नाजायो। At a certain stage its adjustment fails. मोनसे थि थाखोआव बेनि गोरोबथाया फेलेंजायो। The body can no more bear the torture done to it. सोलेरा बेयाव खालामनाय खसथ’खौ सहायबावनो हाला। I feel that nutrition and exercises during pregnancy have to be given due weightage. आं मोनदाङोदि गोरबोथानाय समाव निउत्रिसन आरो बियामा बांसिन गोनांथि होजानांगौ। It starts breaking down and disease starts showing up. बेयो बायलांनो जागायो आरो बेरामा नुजानो जागायो। There is a limit beyond which the body will not bear "the load", after that it says: 'I give up;". बेहाय मोनसे सिमना दं जायनि बादगा सोलेरा “बजाखौ” आजावनो हानाय नङा, बेनि उनाव बेयो बुङो: ‘आं नागारो;”। It is then the foreign activists pounce upon it and begin their nefarious work. बेनिउनाव गुबुनारि मावथिफोरा बेनि सायाव बारसिनो आरो बिसोरनि दुथां खामानिखौ जागायो। There are two ways to keep our body healthy. बेहाय जोंनि सोलेरखौ देहागोनां लाखिनो मोननै राहाफोर दं। First avoid indulging in eating the wrong food. गिबिआव गोरोनथि आदार जानायाव लायहोनायखौ नेवसि। Adhere to a proper diet, exercise every day, keep away from tension. मोनसे थि आदारआव नांथाब, सानफ्रोमबो बियामखालाम, जिंगानिफ्राय गोजानाव था। Listen to the cries of the body carefully, look out for the warning signs when you feel unwell or suffer from a disease, change the style of living to help the body recuperate. सोलेरनि दुखुफोरखौ सांग्राङै खोनासं, जेब्ला नों लोमजानाय मोनदाङो एबा बेरामआव भुगियो सामोलखालामनाय नेरसोनफोरखौ सिनाय, सोलेरखौ गोहोमोनफिननो हेफाजाबहोनो जिउखुंनायनि राहाखौ सोलाय। Try to get rid of the disease by improving the health level. देहा थाखोखौ जौगाहोनानै बेरामनिफ्राय बारगनो नाजा। Food and drinking habits should be in moderation, so that the harm done to the body is limited to enable you to come out of disease as soon as possible. आदार आरो जौलोंनायनि हुदाफोरा नोरोमाव जानांगौ, जाहाथे नोंखौ जेसेहायो थाब बेरामनिफ्राय बरग’हानो सोलेराव खालामजानाय खहाया खमखालामजायो। Many a time we do not listen to the body's cries and carry on with nefarious habits. गोबां समाव जों सोलेरनि दुखुफोरखौ खोनासङा आरो दुथां हुदाफोरखौ मावलांबाय थायो। A pregnant working woman has often an easy and painless delivery while a high society mother may have a prolonged and painful delivery due to lack of exercise and over nutrition, and many a time they have to undergo a caesarean operation. खामानि मावबायथानाय सासे गोरबोथानाय आयजोआ गोबांसमाव गोरलै आरो सानायगोयै जोनोमहोयो गुबुनफारसे गोजौ समाजनि बिमाया बियामनि आंखाल आरो बांद्राय निउत्रिसननि थाखाय गोबाव आरो सानायगोनां जोनोमहोनो हागौ आरो माखासे समाव बिसोर सिजारिन अपारेसनआव थांनोगोनां जायो। The way of high life to which we have been accustomed to is so dear that we avoid listening to the small cries of the body and its warning signs. गोजौ जिउखुंनायनि राहाया, जायजों जों हुदाखालामजाबाय, एसेबां आंगोदि जों सोलेरनि फिसा दुखुफोरखौ आरो बेनि सामोलहोनाय नेरसोनफोरखौ खोनासंनो नेवसियो। Disease goes on unabated and a time comes when it goes beyond reasonable help. बेरामा गोब्राबसिनाव थाङो आरो मोनसे सम फैयो जेब्ला बेयो बानगोनां हेफाजाबनि बादगा थाङो। Not long ago, a principal of a medical college came to my clinic with his pain problems in the neck and in the shoulder joint. गोदो गोदाय नङा, गंसे मेदिकेल फरायसालिमानि सासे गोरायुंआ बिनि गोदनायाव आरो फाफ्लि गानथिआव सानाय जेंनाफोरजों आंनि क्लिनिकआव फैदोंमोन। Twenty four years back, he was my Professor of Surgery, now he was ailing. नैजि ब्रै बोसोर सिगां, बियो आंनि सारजारि प्रफेसारमोन, दा बियो नोरजियामोन। In his more youthful days he was known for his discipline and courage. बिनि जोबोर सेंग्रा सानफोराव, बियो बिनि आब्रुथि आरो साहसनि थाखाय मोनथिजायोमोन। A reputed surgeon, an excellent teacher, he was a chain smoker. सासे मुंदांखा सारजन, सासे गोरों फोरोंगिरि, बियो सासे सैन स्मकारमोन। He liked to see his students always dressed properly and come in time for classes. बिनि गावनि फरायसाफोरा सानफ्रोमबो मोजाङै खसाबगानना आरो समाव थाखोफोराव फैनायखौ नायनो मोजांमोनोमोन। I was surprised to see him more so, when I found he had given up smoking. आं बिखौ नुना जोबोर गोमोदोंमोन जेब्ला आं मोनथिदोंमोनदि बियो सोबनायखौ नागारदोंमोन। I asked him what had happened. आं बिखौ सोंदोंमोन मा जादोंमोन। I happened to get bronchitis. आंहा ब्रंकाइतिस जादोंमोन। We cannot deny the hereditary factor in certain diseases. खायसे बेरामफोराव जों बंस’आरि जाहोनफोरखौ नेवसिनो हाया। I consulted one of my colleagues who told me that the cause of bronchitis was smoking. आं आंनि सासे मावलोगोखौ बिथोनलादांमोन, जाय आंखौ बुंदोंमोनदि ब्रंकाइतिसनि जाहोना सोबनायमोन। I could not give up smoking, so the bronchitis kept on getting worse. आं सोबनायखौ नागारनो हायाखैमोन, बेखायनो ब्रंकाइतिसआ गाज्रिसिन जालांगासिनो दंमोन। I consulted him for the second time. आं नैथि खेबनि थाखाय बिखौ बोसोनलादोंमोन। He advised me once again not to smoke. सोबनो नङा, बियो फिन खेबसे आंखौ बिथोनहोदोंमोन I did not give up. आं नागाराखैमोन। Six months later I went to him for the third time. द दाननि उनाव, आं बिनिसिम थामथि खेबनि थाखाय थांदोंमोन। This time he was serious. बे खेबाव बियो गोब्राबमोन। After a thorough examination, he cautioned me of the seriousness of my condition and added that if I continued smoking I would have about six months to live. मोनसे गथि-गथि आनजादनि उनाव, बियो आंनि थासारिनि गोब्राबथिखौ सामोलखालामदोंमोन आरो दाजाबदेरदोंमोनदि जुदि आं सोबनायखौ खालामबायथायोमोन आं थांनाथानो द दानसोल’ मोनगौमोन। It was then that I decided to do away with smoking. बेयो उनावसोमोनदि आं सोबनायनि गोजानाव थानो थिरांखालामदोंमोन। I did not smoke for 3 months. आं 3 दानफोरनि थाखाय सोबाखैमोन। If we take a swab of the throat of a healthy person and examine under the microscope we will find it riddle with bacteria of a number of diseases. जुदि जों सासे देहागोनां सुबुंनि गारमानि मोनसे सुआब लायो आरो मायक्रसकपनि सिङाव आनजादखालामो, जों गोबां बेरामफोरनि बेकतेरियाजों गब्लंफोर मोनगोन। Later for 6months I carried a cigarette pack and a match box in my pocket. उनाव 6 दानफोरनि थाखाय आं आंनि सिफियाव मोनसे सिगारेत पेक आरो देलसाय बाक्सु लाबथिंदोंमोन। To give up smoking is easy but to get out of the temptation of smoking is more difficult. सोबनायखौ नागारनाया गोरलै नाथाय सोबनायनि लुबैथिनिफ्राय बारगनाया बांसिन गोब्राब। I then found that even if I had a cigarette and a match box I had no wish to smoke. बेनिउनाव आं मोनदोंमोनदि बबेखानि जुदिबो आंहा सिगारेत आरो देसलाय बाक्सु थायोमोन आंहा सोबनो जेबो गोसो जायाखैमोन। That day I realised that I had left cigarettes for good. बै सानखालि आं बुजिदोंमोनदि आं मोजांनि थाखाय सिगारतेफोरखौ नागारदोंमोन। Unfortunately people keep on doing the same wrong thing in spite of the fact that they know that is not good for them. दुखुनांथावनायै, बेयो बिसोरनि थाखायदि मोजां नङा बै सैथोबाथ्राखौ बिसोर मोनथिसेआवबो मानसिफोरा बे एखे गोरोनथिखौनो मावबोगासिनो दं। If you have a sensitive body and strong mind, you may be able to change your ways of living to help the body to recuperate, to take it to a higher health level, so that you can once again, in a moderate way, indulge in your pursuit of pleasure. जुदि नोंहा सांग्रां सोलेर आरो गोख्रों मेलेम दं, गोहोमोनफिनहोनो सोलेरखौ हेफाजाबहोनो, बेखौ गोजौ देहा थाखोसिम लांनो जिउखुंनायनि नोंनि राहाफोरखौ सोलायनो हानोहागौ जाहाथे नों फिन खेबसे मोनसे लासै राहायाव नोंनि गोजोनथि नागिरनायाव लायहोनो हायो। But we often become prisoners of our own habits. नाथाय गोबांसमाव जों जोंनि गावनि हुदाफोरनि जोबथेजाग्रा जायो। Our pleasure becomes superior to the needs of the body. जोंनि गोजोननाया देहानि गोनांथिफोराव जौगामानगोनां जायो। We become addicted to drinks, drugs, or cigarettes. जों जौफोर, द्रागफोर, एबा सिगारेतफोराव हुदा जायो। During my practice I have found that addiction to food is one of our biggest ailments. आंनि सरसानि समाव, आं मोनबायदि आदाराव हुदाजानाया जोंनि देरसिन लोमजानायफोरनि मोनसे। They often remark that if they can't eat what they want, there is no point in living. बिसोर फ्रायै बिबुंथि होयोदि जायफोरखौ बिसोरो जानो नागिरो जदि बिसोरो जानो हायाब्ला,थांनाथानायनि जेबो जाहोन गैया। They have failed. बिसोरो फेलेंजाबाय। If you want to do light exercises like walking or playing golf you can do it just after a light meal of curd and salad or soup and toast or fruits. थाबायनाय एबा गल्फ गेलेनायबादि रेजें ब्यामफोरखौ नों जदि खालामनो नागिरोब्ला नों बेखौ गायखेरदाखा आरो सातनि आरो रोसि आरो अरावहांनाय एबा फिथायफोरनि रेजें आदार जानायनि उनावनो नों बेखौ खालामनो हायो। Sooner or later there is a collapse and by the time you realise it, it may be late. थाबैनो एबा उनाव गोगलैसोनाय दं आरो बै समाव नों बेखौ हमदांहागोन, बेयो गोबाव जानो हागौ। You may take refuge in holding Karma responsible - that you may have done bad things in the previous life and so God is punishing you now. नों खामानिनि फिथायखौ लानो नेवसिनो हागौ-दि जानोहागौ नों सिगांनि जोनोमाव गाज्रि खामानिफरखौ मावबाय बेखायनो इसोरा दानिया नोंखौ साजा होगासिनो दं। To enjoy good health you need not be a "Sadhu" (Saint) or a "Satwik" (eating all veg, non-fried food). मोजां देहा रंजानायनि थाखाय सासे “साधु”(सन्यासि) एबा सासे सात्विक(मैगं-थायगंल’ जानाय,एवै खाजा)जानांगौनि गोनांथि गैया। You must have the knowledge of your body, which will quickly react to the bad effects of harmful food habits. नोंनि देहानि सायाव नोंहा गियान थाखानांगोन,जाय खहागोनां खाजा सरनि गाज्रि फिथायखौ थाबैनो फिनजाथाय खालामगोन। Then ask yourself whether you take enough physical exercise and whether you are free from tension. बेनिउनाव गावखौनो सों नों थोजासे देहानि ब्याम खालामदोंना आरो नों जिंगानिफ्राय उदांना। Read health books for basic guidelines on how to improve body health by natural means without taking recourse to tablets and medicines. गुदि बोसोनखानथिफोरनि थाखाय सावस्रि बिजाबफोरखौ फराय बरिमुलि आरो मुलिफोरनि बेफाजाब लायालासे मिथिंगायारि राहाफोरजों माबोरै देहा सावस्रिखौ जौगाहोनोहायो । When your health is good, you are on the right track, you can enjoy life and have all the fun you want. जेब्ला नोंनि सावस्रिया मोजां,नोङो थि लामायाव दं,नों जिउखौ रंजानो हागोन आरो नों नागिरनाय गासैबो रंजाबाजाखौ लानो हागोन। Only recently have the people become health conscious and gained knowledge that health is something within our own control. दा बावैसो सुबुंफोरा सावस्रि सांग्रां जाबाय आरो गियान मोनबायदि सावस्रिया जादों जोंनि गावनि दबथायनायनि सिङाव। So is the state of mind and heart and personal charisma. बेबादियै गोसोनि अबस्था आरो गोरबो आरो गावआरि सोमोनांगुन। They prefer a doctor who does not recommend a change of diet. बिसोर बै डाक्तारखौसो फसायो जाय सासेया आहार सोलायनायनि बोसोन होवा। It is all within us. बेफोर गासैबो जोंनावनो दं। People in general have paid little attention to this aspect. सुबुंफोरा सरासनस्रायै बे बिथिङाव खम गोसो होबाय। Health and disease are governed by the laws of nature. सावस्रि आरो बेरामफोरा मिथिंगानि नेमजों सालायजायो। The responsibility for one's health lies within oneself. सासेनि सावस्रिनि थाखाय बिबाना बैनियावनो थायो। People are now anxious to find ways and means to preserve health and restore it when it is lost. सुबुंफोरा दानिया देहा संरैखा आरो बेखौ मोनफिननो लामा आरो राहा नागिरनो उसुखुथु जेब्ला बेयो गोमायो। They are keen to know how to care for their body. माबोरै बिसोरनि देहानि थाखाय जोथोन लानांगौ बिसोर मिथिनो थाखाय उसुखुथु। They are beginning to realise that unlimited faith in potions and pills cause side effects. बिसोरो बुजिनो जागायगासिनो दि मुलिफारि आरो बरिमुलिनि सयाव सिमागैयै फोथायनाया दस्रा खहानि जाहोन। Live in harmony with the laws of nature and be blessed. मिथिंगानि नेमजों खौसेयाव जिउखुं आरो बोरसारस्रिजा। Every violation of these laws will bring regret. बेफोर नेमफोरखौ सेफायनाय मोनफ्रोमानो उनदाहाखालामनाय लाबोगोन। Such people suffer from inner tension. बेफोर सुबुंफोरा सिंआरि जिंगायाव भुगियो। They are prepared to pay fat medical bills to doctors and hospitals and swallow any number of pills and potions. बिसोरो डाक्तार आरो देहाफाहामसालिनो गुफुं रांबिबां होनो आरो बरिमुलि आरो मुलिफालिफोर मननो थाखाय थियारि। When you have good, sound health, you are vibrant. जेब्ला नोंहा मोजां, गोगगो देहा दं, नोंङो लोरसोरगोनां। You feel like doing things. खामानिफोरखौ मावबाय थानायबादि नों मोनदां। There is a feeling of achievement. देरहानायनि मोनसे मोनदांनाय दं You look happy. नोंखौ खुसि नुयो। There is light in your eyes. नोंनि मेगनाव सोरां दं। You feel clear in your mind. नोंनि गोसोआव नों साफा मोनदां। The intensity of feeling makes you happy. मोनदांनायनि गोसाद्रायथिया नोंखौ खुसि खालामगोन। In higher temperatures, fatigue comes faster than in cold weather. गोजौथार बिदुङाव, मेंग्लिनाया गोजां बोथोरनिख्रै गोख्रैसिनै फैयो। Low light tires us more easily. खम सोराङा जोंखौ गोरलैयैनो मेंहोयो। A noisy atmosphere tires us faster. दावराव-दावसि थासारिया गोख्रैयै जोंखौ मेंहोयो। But if they cannot listen to the warnings of the body and act accordingly this false support of pills and potions is not going to carry them long. नाथाय बिसोर जदि देहानि सिगांसांग्रांजाहोनाय आरो खामानिमावनायखौ बुजिनोहायाब्ला बेफोर बरिमुलि आरो मुलिफालिफोरनि गोरोनथि खामानिया बिसोरखौ गोबाव जोरहोनाय नङा। In an occupation where intellectual pursuits are involved, additional factors can affect a person. मोनसे जिउखुंराहायाव जेराव मेलेमारि उनसंनायफोरा लोबबागोनां,उफ्रायारि थादेरसाफोरा सुबुं सासेखौ गोहोमखोखलैनो हायो। If you like doing your job, you will feel less tired doing it. जदि नोङो नोंनि खामानि मावनायखौ मोजां मोनोब्ला,नोङो बेखौ मावनानै खम मेंनाय मोनदांगोन। If your domestic life is congenial, if you take more interest in the things around you, you will feel less tired. जदि नोंनि नखरारि जिउआ रोखोमसेनि,जदि नोंनि सोरगिदिं थानाय जिरादफोराव नोङो बांसिन गोसोनांहोयो,नों खम मोंनाय मोनदांगोन। An increased supply of oxygen leads to better muscle metabolism. बांहोनाय अक्सिजेननि जगाना मोजांसिन मोदोमगेहेन रासायनिकमुवायाव सोलायहोयो। Glycogen depletion through the muscles is much less. मोदोमगेहेननि गेजेरजों ग्लिकजेन गैयाजालांनाया जोबोर खम। A person who is exercising should be particular about his diet. सासे सुबुङा जाय ब्यामखालामगासिनोदं बिनि आहारनि बागै थि जानांगौ। He should take a high fat diet especially if he is young and growing. बियो बांसिन मेजेमनि आहार जानांगौ जर’खायै बियो जदि सेंग्रा आरो देरगासिनोदङब्ला। This will increase the storage of glycogen in the muscles. बेयो मोदोमगेहेनाव ग्लिकजेननि जमाजानायखौ बांहोगोन। The muscles can work for a longer time. मोदोनगेहेनफोरा गोबावथार समनि थाखाय खामानि मावनो हायो। The glycogen metabolism also slows down. ग्लिकजेन गैयाजालांनायाबो लेहेम जालाङो। Ask any millionaire, whether he enjoys life. सोरबा मिलिउनियेरखौ सों, बियो जिउखौ रंजायो नामा। This further reduces the speed of depletion of glycogen from the muscles. बेयो बेनिअनगाय मोदोमगेहेननिफ्राय ग्लिकजेन गैयाजालांनायनि गोख्रैथिखौ खमायो। A high carbohydrate diet is not suitable for such a person because the total glycogen depletion takes place much faster and so they feel tired more rapidly. बांद्राय कार्बहाइद्रेतगोनां आहारा बेबादि सासे सुबुंनि थाखाय आरजाथाव नङा मानोना आबुं ग्लिकजेन गैयाजालांनाया जोबोर गोख्रैथारै जायो आरो बेनिखायनो बिसोरो गोख्रैयै बांसिन मेङो। Many people believe that exercise should be done only in childhood. गोबां सुबुङा फोथायोदि ब्याम उनदैसमावल’ खालामनांगौ। For children, games are the best, because they are interesting and every child likes to play. खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय,खेलफोरा साबसिन,मानोना बिसोर गोसोनांथाबगोनां आरो साफ्रोमबो खुदियायानो गेलेनो मोजां मोनो। Children, who get involved in studies and neglect games, should be encouraged to play games. खुदियाफोरा,जाय फरायनायाव मुखुबजायो आरो खेलफोरखौ नेवसियो, खेल गेलेनो थाखाय थुलुंगाहोनांगौ। If it is not possible then they should be coaxed to doing exercises. बेयो जदि जाथावना नङाब्ला अब्ला बिसोरखौ ब्याम खालामनो थाखाय बुरखायनांगौ। If a child plays a game where only legs are exercised then it should be taught exercises to exercise upper parts of the body also. जदि खुदिया सासेया खेल मोनसे गेलेयोब्ला जेराव आथिंफोरखौल ब्याम खालामनाय जायो अब्ला बिखौ देहानि गोजौ बाहागोनि ओंगोफोरखौबो ब्याम खालामनो थाखाय ब्याम फोरोंनांगौ। When a person completes his studies he should start doing exercises to be fit throughout his life. जेब्ला सासे सुबुङा बिनि फरायनायखौ फोजोबो बियो गासै जिउआवनो आरजाथावै थानो थाखाय ब्याम खालामनायखौ जागायनांगौ। This can be supplemented by games or gymnastics whenever possible. खेलफोर एबा जिमनासतिकफोरजों जेब्लानो जाथावना बेयो फुराखालामनो हागौ। When a person approaches his fortieth birthday, he is at the peak of his productive period. जेब्ला सासे सुबुङा बिनि जिब्रैथि जोनोमसाना साफिफैयो,बियो बिनि दिहुनथाय समनि थिखिनियाव। Ask a prematurely aged woman whether she enjoys her beauty. समनिसिगांसिनै बैसोजाखानाय सासे आयजोखौ सों बियो बिनि समायनाथिखौ रंजायोनामा। He is too busy and comparatively richer. बियो जोबोर मुखुब आरो रुजुथायारियै दोहोनिसिन। He is too busy to exercise and he eats rich food. बियो ब्याम खालामनो जोबोर मुखुब आरो बियो दोहोनि खाजा जायो। At this age the bodily function starts slowing down. बे बैसोआव देहायारि खामानिया लेहेमै गाहायजालांनो जागायो। Circulation of blood becomes sluggish. थैनि खारथाया लेहेम जायो। There is a tendency to become obese and joints will start getting stiff. मोदोमगेदोर जानायनि मोनसे लुबैनाय दं आरो जराफोरा फदबनोहायै जानोहमगोन। At this age, exercise is most important. बे बैसोआव, ब्यामा जोबोर गोनां। It will slow down the ageing process. बेयो बैसोजाहोनाय फारिखौ लेहेम खालामगोन। He can play badminton or golf which is comparatively less strenuous. बियो बेडमिन्टन एबा गल्फ गेलेनो हायो जाय रुजुथायारियै खम खस्तगोनां। But if you are going to start exercising after a long lay-off then you have to do it very slowly. गोबाव जानगारना थानाय नि उनाव नाथाय नों जदि ब्यामखालामनो जागायनो ओंखारदोंब्ला आब्ला नों बेखौ जोबोर लासैयै खालामनांगोन। At the age of 60, this will depend more on the condition of your body. डजि बोसोर बैसोआव,बेयो नोंनि देहानि अबस्थानि सायाव बांसिन सोनारगोन। Ask the pain racked philosopher whether he enjoys life. दुखुजों साजाहोजानाय सासे सानथौगिरिखौ सों बियो जिउखौ रंजायोनामा। A few can still do strenuous exercise if they have been regular. बिसोर जदि सानफ्रोमबो खालामगासिनो दङब्ला माखासेया दाबो बोलोगोनां ब्याम खालामनो हायो। For others a brisk walk to keep the circulation going is good enough. गुबुनफोरनि थाखाय रोगाथाय सलिनायखौ थोजासे मोजां लाखिनो थाखाय गोख्रै थाबायनाय। Keep winding your body clock with the aid of exercises so that it will keep on running smoothly. ब्यामनि हेफाजाबजों नोंनि देहा घड़ीखौ साबिफिदिंबाय था जाङाथे बेयो मोजाङै सलिबाय थायो। If you have frail health then goes slowly and do simple exercises. नोंहा जुदि देहाया लोरबां, अब्ला लासैयै थां आरो गोरलै ब्यामफोरखौ खालाम। In old age, the body is like a fatigued machine. बोराय बैसोआव,देहाया मोंग्लिनाय दाजेमबादि। It is difficult to start it, but gradually it goes on working smoothly. बेखौ जागायनाया गोब्राब, नाथाय लासैयै बेयो मोजाङै खामानि मावलाङो। Exercises, during pregnancy, lactation and menstruation, should not be discontinued. ब्यामफोर,गोरबोआवथानाय समाव,आहारदौनाय आरो मासिजानाय समाव बन्दखालामथ नाङा। Exercise during pregnancy keeps the abdominal muscles firm and helps to have a painless and easy delivery. गोरबोआव थानाय समाव ब्याम खालामनाया अहेबारि मोदोमगेहेनखौ गोरा लाखियो आरो दुखुगैयै आरो गोरलै जोनोम होनायाव हेफाजाबहोयो। They can be modified during the last few weeks of the pregnancy. गोरबोथानायनि जोबथा हाफथा माखासे समाव बिसोर सोलाय-सोल खालामनो हायो। A few days rest will be necessary after delivery. जोनोमजानायनि उनाव साननैसो जिरायनायनि गोनांथि जागोन। Ask the lonely old maid who rejected love and motherhood to have a career whether she enjoys her success. हारसिं बैसोगोरा रुवाथिखौ सों जाय मोनसे केरियार दानो थाखाय आननाय आरो बिमाथिखौ नेवसिदोंमोन बियो बिनि जाफुंसारखौ रंजायोनामा। Exercises done during lactation will keep the body in shape. आहारदौनायनि समाव ब्यामखालामनाया गथ’खौ दाथायाव लाखिगोन। During menstruation, exercises can be continued. मासिजानायनि समावबो ब्याम खालामबाय थानो हायो। If bleeding is profuse they can be modified. थैगनाया जदि गोबांब्ला बिसोर सोलाय-सोल खालामनो हायो। You should exercise any time of the day, when you are free. जेब्ला नों उदां,साननि जायखिजाया समावनो ब्याम खालामनांगौ। If you have a choice, the afternoon time is the best. नोंहा जदि सायखनाय दंब्ला,बेलासि समा साबसिन। You can do them in the morning. नों बेफोरखौ फुङाव खालामनो हायो। At this point of time, the joints are a little stiff and the heart slows down after the night's rest. समनि बे हन्थायाव,जराफोरा इसे फदबनोहायै आरो हरनि जिरायनायनि उनाव बिखाया लासैयै गाहायजालाङो। You may do a little warming up before you start doing a strenuous exercise. बोलोगोनां ब्यामखालामनाय जागायनायनि सिगां नों इसे देहाखौ गुदुंखालामना लानो हायो। There should not be any tiring of the body. बेयाव देहानि मेंग्लिनाय थानो नाङा। You will not be left with energy to do the day's work. साननि खामानिखौ मावनो थाखाय बोलोगोनाङै थाहैनाय नङा। These people have ignored the life of the body. बेफोर सुबुंफोरा देहानि जिउखौ नेवसिबाय। It can also be done before retiring to bed. एमाव जिरायनायनि सिगां बेखौबौ खालामनो हायो। It will refresh those who do mental work. बेयो बैसोरखौ थाजिम खालामगोन जायफोरा मेलेमारि खामानि मावो। For those who exert physically during the day, it will be very refreshing, but do not forget to take your meal 2 hours before doing exercise. बैसोरनि थाखाय जायफोरा सानाव देहायारियै खामानि मावो,बेयो जोबोर थाजिम जाहैगोन,नाथाय ब्यामखालामनायनि नै घन्टा सिगाङाव नोंनि खाजाखौ जानो दाबाव। Do not take a heavy dinner. सामजौफुआव गिलिर खाजा जानाङा। If the routine of your work allows time for exercising twice a day, do some exercises in the morning and additional little exercise in the evening. नोंनि खामानिनि मावफारिया नोंखौ जदि सानसेयाव खननै ब्यामखालामनो गनायथि होयोब्ला,माखासे ब्यामफोरखौ फुङाव खालाम आरो थालांनायफोरखौ बेलासियाव खालाम। Exercises should never be done before or after meals. माब्लाबाबो खाजा जानायनि सिगां आरो उनाव ब्यामखालामनाङा। Vigorous exercises should be done at least half an hour before or two hours after the main meal. गुबै खाजानि खमब्लाबो घन्टा खावसे सिगां एबा घन्टानैनि उनाव बोलोगोनां ब्यामफोरखौ खालामनांगौ। When food is taken, the blood goes to the digestive organ and the nerve energy is diverted to it. जेब्ला आदारखौ जायो,थैया हजमखालामग्रा ओंगोआव थाङो आरो रोदा बोलोआ बेसिम सोलायो। If exercises are done just after a meal, the blood and nerve energy will be diverted to the muscles and digestion will be impaired. खाजाजाखांनायनि लोगोलोगो ब्यामखालामनाय जायोब्ला थै आरो रोदा बोलोआ मोदोमगेहेनआव सोलायगोन आरो हजम गाज्रि जागोन। It is better to give the body one task at a time. मोनसेसमाव देहानो मोनसे खामानि होनाया मोजांसिन। But if you feel uneasy even after such a sparse meal follow the rule of 'half an hour after meals'. जुदि नों बिदि मोनसे रेजें खाजा जानायनि उनावबो उसुखुथु मोनो, ‘खाजाफोरनि उनाव खावसे घनता’ नि नेमखौ उनसं। You may feel sore the next day after exercise. बियामखालामनायनि उननि सानाव नों सानाय मोननो हागौ। The intercostals muscles get developed and the ribs are raised higher during inhalation. खामि हारा बेगेंनि मोदोम गेहेनफोरा जौगायो आरो हांलानाय समाव खामि हाराफोरा गोजौ जायो। This may happen when you are a beginner or over enthusiastic. बेयो जानोहागौ जेब्ला नों सासे जागायगिरि एबा बांद्राय-गोसोगुदुं। Take rest for a day and you will recover. सानसेनि थाखाय जिरायनाय ला आरो नों मोनफिगोन। If you are weak or too tired avoid active exercise. नों जुदि लोरबां एबा जोबोर मेङो, गोख्रों बियामखालामनायखौ नेवसि। You can do passive exercise in the form of massage. नों मालिसनि महराव गोजोनगोनां बियाम खालामनो हायो। Avoid exercises, if you have a strain or a torn ligament. जुदि नोंहा सानाय एबा रोदा जखम दंब्ला बियामखालामनायखौ नेवसि। Rest for a few days and you will come out of it. इसे सानफोरनि थाखाय जिराय आरो नों बेनिफ्राय बाहेराव फैगोन। A few stretching exercises are permitted to keep up the mobility. इसे फेहेरनाय बियामफोरा दोरदथायखौ सामलायनो गनायथिहोजायो। Start with exercises which are easy to perform. मावफुंनो गोरलै बियामफोरखौ जागाय। If you start with strenuous exercises to get quick results you will be disappointed. नों थाब फिथाइफोरनि थाखाय गोख्रों बियामफोरजों जागायोब्ला, नों गोजोननाय नङा। You need not exercise 365 days of a year. नों बोसोरसेनि 365 सानफोर बियामखालामनो गोनांथि गैया। When you start exercising you will develop soreness, sprains or strain in your joints. जेब्ला नों ब्यामखालामनायखौ जागायो,नों नोंनि साबायथाऩाय,जराफोराव मस्रायनाय एबा फाखोजानायखौ बारायहोगोन। These are not permanent and they will pass off. बेफोरो अरायथा नङा आरो बेफोरो जानानै थांगोन। Do not over exercise, do not use all your surplus energy in exercise, it may be destructive. बांद्राय बियामखालामनाङा,ब्यामखालामनायाव नोंनि गासैबो नांनायनिबारा गोहो बाहायनाङा,बेयो फोजोबस्रांथाव जानो हागौ। Select the right exercises and do them properly and for a limited time. थार बियामखौ सायख’ आरो बेफोरखौ थियै खालाम आरो मोनसे सिमागोनां समनि थाखाय। You can increase the number of your exercises once a week. सफथायाव खनसे नोंनि बियामनि अनजिमाखौ बारायनो हायो। Always be sure that exercises you do can be done easily. जेब्लाबो रोखा जानांगौदि नों बियामखालामनायफोरखौ जाहाथे गोरलैयैनो खालामनो हायो। Overdoing or under doing exercises is bad. बांद्रायखालामनाय एबा खममावनाय बियामफोरा गाज्रि। If you do not feel any increase in the strength or girth of your muscles steadily, probably you are under doing your exercises. नोंनि मोदोमगेहेननि गोहोआव एबा सोरगिदिंजखायाव गोमजोरै जेबो बारायनाय मोदाङाबोला जानो हागौ नोंनि बियामफोरखौ खममावगासिनोदं। Test yourself and you will know how far you can go. गावखौनौ आनजाद नाय आरो नों मिथिगोन नों बेसेबां गोजान थांनो हायो। Start with 5 minutes of exercise, if you are a beginner. नों जदि जागायजेनगिरिब्ला 5 मिनितनि बियामजों जागाय। Take a day off every week, but do not keep on increasing the off days. हाबथाफ्रोमबो सानसे बनद’लाखि, नाथाय बनद’ सानफोर बांहोनायखौ गोलाव दा लाखि। The speed and the pause between exercises will determine what exercises are to be taken. बियामफोरनि गेजेराव गोख्रैथि आरो थादनाया बबे बियामफोरखौ लानांगौ थि खालामगोन। You will be surprised to find out how much you can do in five minutes. नों बा मिनिताव बेसेबां खालामनो हायो नागिरना दिहुननानै नों गोमोगोन। You may increase your exercise time by two minutes every week; do not exceed 2 minutes. मोनफ्रोम सफथायावनो नों नै मिनितै नोंनि ब्यामखालामनाय समखौ बारायनो हायो; नै मिनितनि बारा जानाङा। The time is carefully chosen to keep you fit for physiological needs. देहायारि गोनांथिफोरनि थाखाय नोंखौ मोजाङै लाखिनो थाखाय समा सांग्राङै सायख’जानाय। If you spend 20 minutes a day doing the below mentioned Asanas you can remain disease free. गाहायाव मुंखनाय आसनफोरखौ खालामनानै सानसेयाव जुदि नों 20 मिनित बारहोयोब्ला,नों बेराम उदां जाना थानो हायो। The circulation of blood increases due to increased heart rate. बारायखानाय मैखुन हारनि थाखाय थै खारथाया बाङो। More oxygen is supplied to the blood due to increased respiration. हांलानाय-हगारनाय बांनायनि थाखाय थैयाव बांसिन अक्सिजेन दैथायहरजायो। More blood, carrying more oxygen, reaches all parts of the body. बांसिन थै,बांसिन अक्सिजेन लाबथिंनानै देहानि गासैबो ओंगोआव सौहैयो। Thus all the organs receive more oxygen, more nutrition from the circulating blood, and more waste products, released by different organs of the body, are also carried away by this blood. बेबादिनो गासैबो ओंगोआ बांसिन अक्सिजेन,खारथायगोनां थैनिफ्राय बांसिन पुस्ति मोनो,आरो देहानि बायदि ओंगोजों हगारजानाय बांसिन गारजानाय दिहुनथायफोराबो बे थैजों होखारहरजायो। Thus through exercise the general health of the body starts improving. बेबादिनो बियामखालामनायनि गेजेरजों देहानि सरासनस्रा सावस्रिया जौगानो जागायो। Do not do extra exercise the next day, if you have missed a day of exercise. जुदि नों बियामनि से सान खोमायोब्ला उननि सानाव उफेरा बियाम दा खालाम। During exercise, the muscles go on contracting and relaxing. बियामखालामनायनि समाव मोदोमगेहेना गुसुंजालाङो आरो गुरैजालाङो। The muscles constitute almost half of the total body. मोदोम गेहेना गासै देहानि फ्राय खावसे बाहागोखौ दायो। When they contract all the blood in them is expelled out. जेब्ला बेफोरो गुसुंजायो बेफोराव थानाय गासैबो थैया बाहेराव होखारहरजायो। When they expand all the blood gushes in. जेब्ला बेफोर गुवारजायो, गासै थैया सौसौ गलाङो। The repetition of this process strengthens the muscles. बे बिखानथिनि जाफिनबायथानाया मोदोम गेहेनफोरखौ गोख्रोंखालामो। Thus the heart vigorously pumps out more blood and the pulsating blood vessels carry it to different parts of the body. बेबादिनो मैखुना बोलोगोनाङै बाहेराव बांसिन थै सुहरो आरो दुब-दुबमावनाय थै रोदाफोरा बेखौ देहानि बायदि ओंगोसिम लाबथिङो। The blood reaches the most remote areas of the body also. थैया सोलेरनि जोबोर गोजान ओनसोलफोरसिमबो सहैयो। When this carbon dioxide reaches the lungs, it stimulates the lungs. जेब्ला बे कारबन दायअक्साइदा संफ्ल’फोर सहैयो, बेयो संफ्ल’फोरखौ साग्रां खालामो। The rate and the depth of respiration increases. हांलानायनि हार आरो गोथौथिया बाङो। This increase in respiration helps to increase the rate of exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the lungs. हांलानाय-हगारनायाव बे बारायनाया संफ्लआव कार्बन डाइअक्साइद आरो अक्सिजेननि सोलायसोलनि हारखौ बारायनो हेफाजाबहोयो। If you have missed it for a week, do not think that it requires some rituals to start it again. नों जुदि बेखौ हाबथासेनि थाखाय खोमायो, नों दासानदि बिनो बिखौ फिन जागायनो खायसे नेमफोर गोनांजायो। So the increased demand of the body for oxygen is met and more waste carbon dioxide produced by the more active body is eliminated through the lungs. बेखायनो अक्सिजेननि थाखाय देहानि बांनाय गोनांथिया सुफुंजायो आरो जोबोर मावथि सोलेरजों दिहुनजानाय गारगारजानाय कारबन दायअक्साइदआ स्फ्ल’फोरनि जोहै दिहुनगारजायो। The lymph flow increases. लिफ्प दाहारा बाङो। The lymph which is a carrier of digested food works for the elimination of the body's waste products. लिफ्पआ, जाय दोगोनजानाय आदारनि मोनसे दोबथिंग्रा, सोलेरनि गारगारजानाय मुवाफोरनि दिहुनगारथिनि थाखाय खामानि मावो। All the organs of elimination like the skin, kidney, and bowels start functioning with a better capacity to cope with the extra amount of work load. दिहुनगारथिनि गासै अंग’फोर जेरै बिगुर, किदनि, आरो बिबु-बिख्लोफोरा खामानिनि उफेरा बजाजों जुजिनो मोनसे साबसिन मावगोहोजों खामानि मावनो जागायो। The skin becomes more active, the pores open up and more perspiration takes place. बिगुरा बांसिन मावथि जायो, गुदुंफोरा गेवो आरो बांसिन गोलोमनाया जायगा लायो। This, apart from eliminating urea, works as a cooling tower. इउरियाखौ दिहुनगारनायनि अनगायैबो, बेयो मोनसे गुसुजाहोनाय तावार महरै खामानि मावो। The body which gets hotter by doing exercise is cooled down by perspiration. जाय सोलेरा बियाम खालामनायजों गुदुं जायो, गोलोमदैजों सुग्लायहोजायो। The kidney gears itself up during exercise. बियामनि समाव किदनिया गावनोगाव थियारिजायो। The demand for water increases. दैनि थाखाय गोनांथिया बाङो। Thus the kidney becomes more active during exercise. बिदिनो किदनिया बियामनि समाव बांसिन मावथि जायो। A useful weapon can be misused, if you are over-enthusiastic. जुदि नों बांद्राय-बोदोरब्ला मोनसे बाहायथाव हाथियारआ गोरोन्थिबाहायजानो हायो। The bowels are cleared more efficiently. बिबु-बिख्लोफोरा बांसिन खामानिगोनाङै साफाखालामजायो। This happens due to the massaging effect on the small and the large bowels by the contracting abdominal wall. उदैआरि इनजुरखौ नारसेबनानै फिसा आरो गिदिर बिबु-बिख्लोफोराव मालिसखालामनाय जाउननि थाखाय बेयो जायो। Diaphragm does a similar job from the top. दाइफ्रामआ गोजौनिफ्राय मोनसे एखे खामानिखौ मावो। The intestine has better peristaltic movements thus pushing the content of the bowels forward. बिबुहा साबसिन गुथालारि दोरोथिफोर थायो, बिदिनो बिबु-बिख्लोनि थादेरसाखौ सिगांफारसे नारहरो। So all the four great channels of elimination - skin, kidney, lungs and bowels work more efficiently and clean the body from inside. बेखायनो दिहुनगारनायनि गासै मोनब्रै गेदेमा नालाफोर- बिगुर, किदनि, संफ्लफोर आरो बिबु-बिख्लोफोरा बांसिन खामानिगोनाङै खामानि मावो आरो सोलेरखौ सिंनिफ्राय साफाखालामो। It is a better cleaning work than the one done from outside - taking a bath. बेयो सासे मानिसाया दुगैनानै खालामनायनिख्रुइ साबसिन साफाखालामनाय खामानि। The digestion and assimilation of food improves due to exercise. बियामनि थाखाय आदारनि दोगोन आरो मिलायथिया जौगायो। Increased circulation helps in a better distribution of digested food. बांनाय थैखारसारथिया दोगोनजानाय आदारनि साबसिन रानसारथियाव हेफाजाबहोयो। During exercise more nutrition is required. बियामनि समाव बांसिन निउत्रिसन गोनांजायो। Old cells break down and new cells form. गोजाम जिबख्रिफोरा बायस्रायो आरो गोदान जिबख्रिफोरा सोमजियो। Do not exercise when you are ill. नों जेब्ला लोमजायो बियाम दाखालाम। So in a way body is renewing itself all the time. बेखायनो मोनसे बिथंआव, सोलेरा गासै समाव गावनोगाव गोदानखालामगासिनो दं। For building up new muscles, material for building up cells is required. गोदान गेहेनफोर दानो थाखाय, जिबख्रिफोर दानायनि थाखाय मुवाफोरा गोनांजायो। The body demands more food. सोलेरा बांसिन आदार दाबियो। The liver and the pancreas are massaged by the diaphragm. बिखा आरो आमायथुफोरा दाइफ्रामजों मालिसखालामजायो। The diaphragm is vigorously depressed and elevated by expanding and contracting the lungs. दाइफ्रामआ जोबोरै बायग्लियो आरो संफ्ल’फोरखौ फुवारनानै आरो नारसेबनानै गोजौजाहायो। The secretions of the liver and the pancreas increase and so more amount of digestive juices are available to digest the food. बिखा आरो आमायथुनि जिरिनायफोरा बाङो आरो बेखायनो दोगोनजानाय बिदैफोरनि बांसिन बिबाङा आदारखौ दोगोनजाहोनो थोजासे थायो। Thus by exercising the appetite increases and food is digested and assimilated better. बिदिनो बियामखालामनायजों, उखैनाया बाङो आरो आदारा दोगोनजायो आरो साबसिनै गोरोबफायो। The old muscle cells break during exercise. बियामनि समाव गोजाम गेहेन जिबख्रिफोरा बायो। They are eliminated, and new muscle cells are formed. बिसोरो दिहुनगारजायो, आरो गोदान गेहेन जिबख्रिफोरा दाजायो। These new cells are larger and stronger. बेफोर गोदान जिबख्रिफोरा गिदिरसिन आरो गोख्रोंसिन। Rest is the best cure during illness. लोमजानाय समाव जिरायनाया साबसिनथार फाहामनाय। The new muscle cells produce less fatigue-poison called lactic acid. गोदान गेहेन जिबख्रिफोरा लेकतिक एसिद बुंनाय खम मेंहोनाय बिस दिहुनो। These cells are efficient and put less load on the eliminative organs of the body. बेफोर जिबख्रिफोरा थोजासे आरो सोलेरनि दिहुनगारग्रा अंग’फोराव खम बजा होयो। The connective tissue tendons which connect muscles to bones get renewed. फोनांजाब बिदाम तेनदनफोरा जाय मोदोम गेहेनफोरखौ बेगेंफोरजों फोनांजाबो गोदानजाफिनो। They help in improved muscle action. बिसोरो जौगानाय गेहेन खामानियाव हेफाजाबहोयो। Stronger bones and flexible joints help in the smooth functioning of joints. गोख्रोंसिन बेगेंफोर आरो फदबथाव गानथिफोरा गानथिफोरनि माहि खामानिमावनायाव हेफाजाबहोयो। The heart benefits out of exercise. मैखुना बियामनिफ्राय मुलामफामोनो। As the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscles is vigorous during exercise, these muscles are exercised and become stronger. जेब्ला बियाम खालामनायनि समाव मैखुन मोदोम गेहेनफोरनि नारसेबनाय आरो जिरायनाया गोख्रों जायो, बेफोर मोदोम गेहेनफोरा बियामखालामजायो आरो गोख्रोंसिन जायो। The heart keeps on beating from birth to death. मैखुना जोनोमनिफ्राय थैनायसिम मावबाय थायो। It does an enormous amount of work. बेयो गोबां बिबांनि खामानि मावो। The work done by the heart of a young man of twenty-five in twenty-four hours is enough to lift six tons of weight to the height of one foot. नैजि ब्रै घन्टायाव नैजि बा बैसोनि सासे सेंग्रा मानसिनि मैखुनजों मावजानाय खामानिया थोंसे आथिंनि जौथायसिम द तन लिरथाय दैखांनो थोजासे। Stop there and then if you feel pain during or after exercises or if you have inflammation of certain joints. बियामखालामनायनि समाव एबा उनाव जुदि नों सानाय मोनदाङोब्ला एबा माखासे जराफोराव जुदि नोंहा आलौनाय मोनोब्ला बेहायनो थाबथा। The heart does this job without tiring itself out. मैखुना बे खामानिखौ गावनोगाव मेङालाबानो मावो। The beats are controlled by nerves which are not controlled consciously. मावखांनायफोरा बिसोमफोरजों सामलायजायो जायफोरा सांग्राङै सामलायजाया। There are yogis who can control their heart system through concentration. जगाखालामग्राफोर दं जाय गावसोरनि मैखुन बिखानथिखौ धियाननि जोहै सामलायो। They can reduce their heart rate at will and even stop it for a few moments. बिसोरो गोसो बादि गावसोरनि मैखुन हारखौ खमायनो हायो आरो इसे समनि थाखाय बेखौ थाथ’होनोबो हायो। The lungs receive more blood from the exercised heart. संफ्ल’फोरा ब्यामखालामनाय मैखुननिफ्राय बांसिन थै आजावो। As more blood comes to the lungs, the lungs has to purify it faster and return it to the heart. जेब्ला बांसिन थैया संफ्ल’फोराव फैयो, संफ्ल’फोरा बेखौ बांसिन गोख्रै गोथारखालामनोगोनां जायो आरो बेखौ मैखुनसिम दैथायहरफिनो। For this purpose the breath comes faster and deeper. बे थांखिनि थाखाय, हांआ गोख्रैसिन आरो गोथौसिन फैयो। The lungs get adjusted to exercises. संफ्ल’फोरा बियामफोरजों गोरोबफायो। The chest expansion becomes greater and new lung cells are formed. जेरबा फुवारथिया देरसिन जायो आरो गोदान संफ्ल’फोरा दाजायो। Lungs become bigger, more elastic so the capacity of the lung to take in more air improves. संफ्ल’फोरा गिदिरसिन, बांसिन लोबोर जायो, बेखायनो बांसिन बार आजावनो संफ्ल’नि गोहोआ साबो। Thus the capacity of the lungs increases. बेबादिनो संफ्लनि लानोहानायगोहोआ बाङो। Carbon dioxide from the blood gets eliminated in to the air while we breathe out. जेब्ला जों हां हगारो थैनिफ्राय कार्बन डाइअक्साइदआ बाराव नागारजायो । If in use, you will keep it flexible. जदि बाहायजागासिनोब्ला, नों बेखौ फदबनोहानाय लाखिगोन। This increase in breath is called "second wind". बेयो हांङाव बारायो बेखौ बुङो “नैथि बार”। Even after we stop doing exercises, the heart continues to beat faster and we still keep on breathing heavily till the three worst toxins are eliminated. अदेबानि जों ब्यामखालामनाय दोनथनायनि उनावबो बिखामावखांनाया गोख्रैयै सलिबायथायो आरो मोनथाम गाज्रिसिन बिस नागारजानायसिम जों गिलिरै हांलाबायथायो। This is known as acute fatigue and is quite uncomfortable for the body. बेयो गोख्रों मेंग्लिनाय हिसाबै मिथिजायो आरो देहानि थाखाय आबुङै आरामगोनांनङै। The general fatigue will pass off in a few hours or after a night's sleep. सरासनस्रा मेंग्लिनाया घन्टानैसोआव एबा हरसे उन्दुनायनि उनावनो खारलांगोन। Your capacity and skills increase. नोंनि लानोहानायगोहो आरो मावरोंगौथिफोरा बाङो। The level of training can be gauged by measuring the oxygen consumed and the accumulated lactic acid. अक्सिजेन लाजानायखौ आरो जमाखालामजानाय लैकतिक एसिदखौ सुनानै फोरोंथायनि थाखोखौ जखासुनो हायो। A simple method has been devised. मोनसे गोरलै आदब साननादिहुनजाबाय, An efficient circulation of blood in a trained person is characterised by a slow rise in the pulse rate during exercise and a prompt return to the resting condition after exercise. फोरोंथायमोनखानाय सासे सुबुङाव थैनि आखाफाखा खारथाया ब्यामखालामनाय समाव बिखामावखांनाय हाराव लासै दावखोनाय आरो ब्यामखालामनायनि उनाव जिरायनाय अबस्थायाव गोख्रै थांफिननायजों बरनायजायो। The pulse rate during severe exercise goes up to 140/mt. गोब्राब ब्यामखालामनायनि समाव बिखामावखांनाय हारा 140/ मि. सिम दावखोयो। This can be noted by measuring the chest after breathing in and out. बेखौ हां लानाय आरो हगारनायनि उनाव बिखाखौ सुनायजों नोजोरहोनो हयो। In five minutes after stopping the exercises, it should come to normal. ब्यामखालामनाय दोनथनायनि बा मिनिट उनाव, बेयो सरासनस्रायाव फैनांगौ। The pulse rate is also affected by emotion. बिखामावखांनाय हाराबो आबेगजों खहा जायो। This is a very simple test and can be used easily by any person. बेयो जोबोर गोरलै आनजाद आरो जायखिजाया सुबुंजोंनो गोरलैयैनो बाहायजानो हायो। The test of physical fitness is a sure pointer to cardiovascular fitness. देहायारि गाहामथिनि आनजाद नायनाया कारदिअभासकुलार गाहामथिनि मोनसे थि दिनथिग्रा। Among older people, the effect of training can likewise be demonstrated. बैसोगोरा सुबुंफोरनि गेजेराव,बिसोरनिबादियैनो फोरोंथायनि फिथायखौ दिनथिनो हायो। A tense relationship can tire you faster. जिंगाहोनाय सोमोनदोआ नोंखौ गोख्रैसिनै मेंहोनो हायो। Agility, endurance, flexibility and strength are the test of fitness. मावथिआखु,सहायनाय,फदबनोहानायगुन आरो बोलोगोनांफोरा गाहामथिनि आनजाद। A combination of qualities that enables a person to perform well in vigorous physical activities leads to physical fitness. गुनफोरनि खौसेआ जायफोरा सुबुं सासेखौ बोलोगोनां देहेयारि खामानिफोराव मोजां मावनो गोरों खालामो,देहायारि गाहामथिहोयो। Healthy people may be physically unfit because they do not exercise regularly. देहागोनां सुबुङा देहायारियै गाहामथिनङै जानो हागौ मानोना बिसोरो सानफ्रोमबो ब्याम खालामा। Good health and physical fitness are the same. मोजां देहा आरो देहायारि गाहामथिफोरा एखे। After doing exercises the girth of the chest gradually increases following inspiration (breathing in). ब्याम खालामनायनि उनाव,बिखानि जखाया हांलानाय-हगारनायखौ(हांबोनाय)उनसंनानै लासैयै बारायलाङो। Individuals who are physically fit tend to be more slender and develop greater resistance to disease and recover faster if they do become ill. सुबुंफोरा जायफोरा देहायारियै गाहाम बांसिन खमायनो जोथोनलायो आरो बेरामनो जोबोर बादा जौगाहोयो आरो बिसोर बेराम जायोब्ला गोख्रैसिन गायो। They are more alert and relaxed. बिसोरो बांसिन सांग्रां आरो गुरै। Physical fitness is a personal responsibility. देहायारि गाहामथिया मोनसे गावनि बिबान। Most people are physically unfit because they simply do not get sufficient exercise. बांसिन सुबुङानो देहायारियै गाहामथिनङै मानोना बिसोरो गोरलैयै थोजासे ब्याम खालामा। The years between adolescence and middle age are the peak period for physical fitness. जौमोनबैसो आरो गेजेरबैसोनि गेजेरनि बोसोरफोरा देहायारि गाहामथिनि थिखिनि सम। Habits that aid physical fitness include getting enough sleep, eating properly, receiving regular medical and dental care, and maintaining personal cleanliness. हुदा जाय देहायारि गाहामथियाव मदद होयो थोजासे उन्दुनो मोननाय,थियै जानाय,सानफ्रोमबो दाक्टरि आरो हाथायारि जोथोन मोननाय,आरो गावनि साखोन-सिखोन सामलायनायखौ लाफायो। Health can be harmed by overeating or eating the wrong kinds of food; smoking; drug abuse and excessive alcohol. बांद्रायजानाय एबा गोरोनथि रोखोमनि आदार जानाय,थांखुसोबनाय,मुलि गाज्रिबाहायनाय आरो बाराद्राय एलकहलजों देहाया खहाजानो हागौ। Fitness during childhood influences fitness in an adult. खुदियासमनि गाहामथिया बैसोगोरा समनि गाहामथियाव गोहोमखोखलैयो। Nobody seems to give a thought to his/her health. बिनि देहाखौ लाना रावबो सानगोनबादि मोना। Push yourself, discipline yourself to do exercises every day for just one month and then you will get into the habit. गावखौ नार,दान मोनसेनिल’ थाखाय सानफ्रोमबो ब्यामखालामनो गावखौ नेमखानथि खालाम बेनिउनाव नों हुदायाव गोलैगोन। We have a good check fatigue to guide us. जोंखौ लामा दिनथिनोथाखाय जोंहा मोनसे मोजां आनजादनायनाय मोंग्लिनाय दं। It must become a second nature to you. नों नोंनि थाखाय नैथि आखु जाथारनांगोन। Then all the doors of happiness will open, you will live and enjoy every moment of it. बेनिउनाव गासैबो दरजाफोरा गेवगोन,नों जिउखुंगोन आरो बेनि मोनफ्रोम समखौनो रंजागोन। The history of exercise goes back to thousands of years. ब्यामखालामनायनि जारिमिना रोजा-रोजा बोसोर सिगांसिम थाङो। An ancient book called "Mallayudha" mentions the scope of exercise and refers to the cure by manipulation if something goes wrong while doing strenuous exercises. “मल्लयुद्ध” मुंनि गांसे गोजाम बिजाबाव ब्यामखालामनायनि सुबिदाफोरखौ मुंखदों आरो जेब्ला बोलोगोनां ब्यामखालामबाय थानायाव जुदि माबाफोर गाज्रि जायोब्ला सोलोजों सोखानायखौ रायखांदों। Believes of the Indian system of exercise like wrestling, Dand Baithak, Mugdar etc find courage from Hanuman and they pray to him for strength. भारतारि ब्यामखालामनायनि रोखोमखौ फोथाय जेरै खमलायनाय, दन्द बायथाक,मुगदार बायदि, हनुमाननिफ्राय साहस नागगिरनाला आरो बिसोर बोलोगोनां जानोथाखाय बिखौ आरज’गाबो। "Cong Fou" of ancient China was a series of ritualistic postures and motions prescribed by priests for relief of pain and other symptoms of ailments. गोदोनि साइनानि “कं फु”आ धोरोमारि फाव-फेसनमोन आरो सानाय आरो गुबुन कस्तमोननायनि लैखोननिफ्राय रेहायमोननो पुरहितफोरजों गनायथिहोजानाय आवफावफोर। Ancient Greeks had their God of Health ("Aesculapius"). गोदोनि ग्रीकफोरा बिसरहा सावस्रिनि इसोर दङमोन(“एसकिलापियास”)। There were in fact temples of health. गुबैयाव बैयाव सावस्रिनि मनदिरफोर दङमोन। The entire nation including their Kings, used to worship at these temples and keep their bodies fit, trim and beautiful. बिसोरनि राजाफोरखौ लाफानानै गासै हादोरानो बेफोर मनदिरफोराव सिबिदोंमोन आरो बिसेरनि देहाफोरखौ मोजां,साखोन-सिखोन आरो समायना लाखिदोंमोन। Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, said "the wasting of the fleshy parts" is the greatest in those cases in which the patient keeps the limb up and does not exercise it. गोदान मुलिनि बिफा हिप्पक्रेतसआ बुंदोंमोन, “मोदोमारि बाहागोनि बाहायगारनाय”बैफोर जाथायफोराव साबसिन जेराव जब्राया ओंगोफोरखौ गोजौ लाखियो आरो बेखौ ब्यामखालामा। It works as a safety valve, as a limit to exercise. बेयो रैखाथि खफा हिसाबै खामानिमावो,ब्यामखालामनायनि सिमा हिसाबै। Those who practice walking have least atrophy. जायफोरा थाबायनायनि सर’ खालामो बिसोरहा बेरामजों ओंगोखहाया खमसिन। Frequent and rapid walks were recommended by him to reduce obesity. गले-गले आरो गोख्रै थाबायनाया मोदोम गेदेर जानायखौ खमायनो बिजों थिखालामहोजानायमोन। He ordered a cautious approach when resuming strenuous exercises after prolonged rest. जेब्ला गोबाव जिरायनायनि उनाव बोलोगोनां ब्यामखालामनायखौ जागायफिनो बियो सांग्रां राहाखौ थिनदोंमोन। Primitive people practiced it. गुदि सुबुंफोरा बेखौ सरखालामदोंमोन। In modern times we have come back to the idea of early ambulating and postpartum exercises to strengthen the abdominal wall. गोदान समफोराव, जोङो सिगांनि थाबायनायनि सानथायसिम आरो जोनोमजागोदानउन ब्यामखालामनायफोराव फैफिनबाय अहेबारि इनजुरखौ गोहोगोनां खालामनोथाखाय। Russian author, SP Bodkin, advocated breathing exercises for those who have suffered a heart attack so that they will not feel short of breath on slight exertion. रासियारि लिरगिरि,एस पि बडकिनआ हांलानाय-हगारनाय ब्यामखालामनायनि जाना बुंदोंमोन बिसोर जायफोरा हार्ट एटाक सहायबोबाय जाहाथे बिसोर खम कस्तखालामनायाव हां सेरथेमोना। Facilitation has been instituted as an adjutant to strengthen weakened muscles particularly in hemiplegics. गोरलैखालामनाया लोरबांजाखानाय मोदोमगेहेनखौ गोहोगोरा खालामनो जरखायै खावसेथैनाय बेरामाव हेफाजाबगिरि हिसाबै जागायजाबाय। They are useful for regaining control of voluntary muscles. गावबागावबारायनाय मोदोमगेहेनखौ दबथायनाय मोनफिननायाव बैफोरो बाहायथावना। People know how you look, and you know how you feel. नोंखौ माबादि नुयो मानसिफोरा मिथियो,आरो नों माबादि मोनदाङो नों मिथियो। By exercising, your appearance will improve, your sagging abdomen will sink in and your muscles will bulge. ब्यामखालामनायजों,नोंनि नुथाया जौगागोन, नोंनि गेंग्राजानाय अहेबा सिङाव हाबलांगोन आरो नोंनि मोदोमगेहेना दुबगांजाखांगोन। We should gauge the amount of exercise that we should do, for better results. जों ब्यामखालामनायनि बिबांखौ जखासुनांगौ जाहाथे दि जों साबसिन फिथायनि थाखाय मावनांगौ। Your personality and gait will improve. नोंनि सुबुंथाय आरो थाबायनायरोखोमा जौगागोन। There will be lightness in your step. नोंनि आगानाव रेजेंथिया थाहैगोन। You will feel like a new, youthful person. नों सासे गोदान,सेंग्राथार सुबुंबादि मोनदांगोन। A person has a pulse rate of 72 beats per minute. सासे सुबुंहा मोनफ्रोम मिनिताव 72 मावखांनायनि मावखांनाय हार दं। If you take a short run or do vigorous exercise you will feel short of breath, and may not be able to run longer. नों जुदि खमजानथाय खारो एबा बोलोगोनां ब्यामखालामो हां थोनो-थोनो मोनलायगोन आरो गोजानसिन खारनो थाखाय हाथावना नङा जानो हागौ। The pulse at this stage may reach 140/mt. बे बैसोआव बिखामावखांनाय हारा 140/मि. सिम सौहैनो हागौ। If you exercise regularly the pulse rate will gradually come down. नों जुदि सानफ्रोमबो ब्यामखालामोब्ला बिखामावखांनाय हारा लासैयै खमायलांगोन। In a week, a month, 3 months, one year you will note a marked reduction of pulse rate at rest. सफथा खनसेयाव,दान सेआव,दान 3 आव,बोसोर सेआव बिखामावखांनाय हारनि मेगनावनांथाव खमिनाया जिरायनायाव थानायखौ नोजोरहोगोन। If you take a run or do vigorous exercises you will be able to run a longer distance or do exercise for a longer time before becoming breathless. नों जदि खेबसे खारो एबा बोलोगोनां ब्यामखालामो,नों गोजान जानथाय खारनो थाखाय हाथावना जागोन एबा हांगैयै जानायनि सिगां गोबावसिन समनि थाखाय ब्यामखालामनो। This means that now you are capable of putting in more hours of work without getting tired. बेनि ओंथिया बेनोदि दानिया नों मेंनाय मोनाजासे खामानिनि बांसिन घन्ता होनो थाखाय हाथावना। Beyond that we begin to feel fatigue. बैनि बायजोआव जों मेंग्लिनो जागायो। You will not feel fagged out or exhausted at the end of the day. साननि जोबथायाव नों मेंग्लिनाय एबा लोरबांखालामनाय मोनदांनाय नङा। Still a lot of energy will be in reserve for you to enjoy life, since you have become more vibrant, energetic and ready to suck the honey of life. दासिमबो गोबां गोहो नोंनि थाखाय जिउ रंजानो थाखाय संरैखायाव थागोन, नों बांसिन गोख्रों,बोलोगोनां आरो जिउनि बेरेरोसिखौ सोबनो थियारि जानायनिफ्राय । Most heart attacks and strokes come during the period of emotional stress. बांसिन हार्ट एताक आरो स्त्रकफोरा आबेगारि नारसिनथायनि समाव फैयो। This may coincide with a set back in business or even while watching a tense world cup. बेयो फालांगि दावगानायवमोननाय हेंथा एबा आदेबानि गोसोनारसिनथाव वार्लद काप नायबाय थानाय समाव जानो हागौ। During stress, a hormone, called adrenalin, is secreted into the blood. नारसिनथायनि समाव, एद्रिनेलिन मुंनि मोनसे हरमनआ थैआव एरसोयो। Due to it, the pulse rate rises, blood pressure shoots up, blood becomes more viscous and blood sugar rises. बेनि थाखाय,बिखामावखांनायनि हारा बाङो,थै नारसिनथाया दावखोयो,थैया बांसिन नारसिनथायगोनां जायो आरो थै सुगारा बाङो। If you have been exercising regularly, you can cope up with all these stress signals. नों जुदि सानफ्रोमबो ब्याम खालामगासिनो दङ,नों बेफोर नारसिनथाय इसाराफोरजों फेरफाथिनो हायो। Exercising the heart can help you to cope up with emergencies much better. बिख्लोखौ ब्यामखालामनाया गोनांसिन आबस्थाफोरजों बांसिन मोजाङै फेरफाथिनो थाखाय नोंखौ हेफाजाब खालामनो हायो। The coronary artery of the heart muscles has many branches which are linked profusely by capillaries. बिख्लो मोदोमगेहेननि थैखारग्रारोदाफोरा गोबां बाहागो दं जायफोरा रोदाफोरजों गोबां सोमोनदो दं। During an emergency as the pulse rises, more blood is pumped, all the capillaries open up and so there is no chance that the heart will have a lesser oxygen supply leading to its failure. गोनांसिन अबस्थायाव बिखामावनाया बारायो बांसिन बार ओंखारहोयो,गासैबो रोदाफोरा गेवो आरो बेनिखायनो बिख्लोआ खमसिन अक्सिजेन रोगाथाय मोननानै फेलें जाहैनायनि खाबु गैया। When we run or do exercise the breath becomes deeper. जेब्ला जों खारो एबा ब्यामखालामो हांआ गोथौसिन जालाङो। The capillaries open up and the blood pressure will not shoot up high. रोदाफोरा गेवो आरो थै नारसिनथाया गोजौ दावखोनाय नङा। When you exercise the sugar in the blood is burnt up and you are equipped better to cope up with such an emergency. जेब्ला नोङो ब्यामखालामो थैनि सुगारा खामलाङो आरो नोङो बेबादि मोनसे गोनांसिन अबस्थाजों फेरफाथिनो साबसिन थियारिखालामजायो। Even if the coronary artery of such a person is blocked by floating fat, the heart will not be affected by lack of oxygen. अदेबानि बेबादि सुबुंनि थैरोदाजोंबेंखनजानाय रोदाफोरा उसिफावनाय मेजेमजों बन्दखालामजायोब्ला बिख्लोआ अक्सिजेननि आंखालाव खहा जानाय नङा। This is possible because of a profuse branching out of coronary arteries and plenty of blood supply through the capillaries in the heart wall. थैरोदाजोंबेंखनजानाय रोदाफोरनि बोयजोआव गोबां दालाय आरो बिख्लो इनजुराव केपिलारिफोरनि गेजेरजों थोजासे थै रोगाथायनि थाखाय बेयो थाखाय जाथावना। Enough supply of oxygen will be maintained and the heart will not be infracted. अक्सिजेननि थोजासे रोगाथाया सामलायजागोन आरो बिख्लोआ फेलें जानाय नङा। When you fill up the petrol tank of a car, it overflows when full. जेब्ला नों मथरगारिनि पेट्रल तेंकखौ आबुं खालामो जेब्ला आबुं जायो उसिफावनाबोहैलाङो। If you eat 2,800 calories every day and use only 2,400 calories in routine work, 400 calories left will be stored. नों जुदि सानफ्रोमबो 2,800 केलरि जायोब्ला आरो मावफारि खामानियाव 2,400 केलरिल’ बाहायोब्ला,400 केलरि थालांनाया जमा जागोन। When you keep on storing what is left out, the unused energy, you start gaining weight. ओंखारलांजानायखौ जेब्ला नों जमा खालामबाय थायो,बाहायजायै गोहोआ, नों लिरथाय मोननाया जागायो। When you exercise, the fat is converted into muscles, muscles are heavier than fat, so by exercises you may gain weight instead of losing it. जेब्ला नों ब्यामखालामो,मेजेमा मोदोमगेहेनाव सोलायलाङो,मोदोमगेहेनफोरा मेजेमनिख्रै गिलिरसिन,बेबादिनो ब्यामखालामनायजों नों बेखौ खमायनायनि सोलाय लिरथाय बांहोनो हायो। But you will feel better and look better. नाथाय नों साबसिन मोनदांगोन आरो साबसिन नुगोन। There is frequent bringing in of more oxygen into the lungs that gets absorbed into the blood. संफ्लआव गले-गले बांसिन अक्सिजेन बोनाया जाय थैयाव सोबखजायो। The best way to reduce weight is to combine exercise with low calorie diet. लिरथाय खमायनायनि साबसिन राहाया जादों खम केलरिनि आदारजों ब्यामखालामनायखौ जखालामनाया। A human being has many noiseless, flexible and strong joints. सासे मानसिया जिबा गोबां सोदोबगैयै,फदबजानाय आरो गोहोगोरा जराफोर दं। They carry the entire weight of the body from place to place, tirelessly. बिसोरो देहानि गासै लिरथायखौ दाबसेजायगानिफ्राय गुबुन जायगायाव मेंनायगैयालासे लाबथिङो। A series of small joints in the spine is the most important of them all. स्नायुनि फिसा जरा माखासेया बेफोरनि गासैबोआनो जोबोरगोनां। Due to their flexibility one can bend, twist or turn and still keep the strength and control over them. बिसोरनि फदबजानायनि थाखाय सासेया दबहोनोहायो,मेराय एबा फिदिं आरो दाबो बोलोखौ लाखि आरो बेफोरखौ दबथाय। These joints become stiffer as you advance in age. बेफोर जराफोरा नों बैसो बारायनायजों फदबनोहायै जालाङो। You can remain young as long as you can keep your joints flexible with the help of exercise. ब्यामखालामनायनि हेफाजाबजों नोङो नोंनि जराफोरखौ जेसेबांनो फदबनो हानाय लाखिगोन इसेबांनो नों सेंग्रा जाबाय थानो हागोन। Yoga exercises (Asana) are the best for the mobility of the spine. जगा ब्यामखालामनायफोरा(आसाना) स्नायुनि गिदिंथिनायनि थाखाय साबसिन। Yoga strengthens the nervous system. जगाया स्नायु बिखानथिखौ गोहोगोरा खालामो। The spine is like the battery of your body. सिनस्रिया नोंनि देहानि बेतारिबादि। It makes you feel young and keeps all other functions of the body in a firm condition. बेयो नोंखौ लाइमोन मोनदांहोगोन आरो मोनसे थि थासारियाव सोलेरनि गुबुन गासै खामानिफोरखौ लाखिगोन। Exercises done in a reclining position need more exertion than while standing. गसंनायनिख्रुइ गंग्लायनाय थाथायाव खालामनाय ब्यामनो बांसिन बोलोनि गोनां जायो। This way they can stop or slow down the oncoming deformity, can have more movement and the pain will be much less. बेबादिनो बिसोरो थि नङैखौ सोखानो एबा खमायनो हायो, बांसिन दोरोदथि मोननो हागोन आरो सानायाबो जोबोर खम जागोन। You can choose a special apparatus to exercise if you require support. ब्याम खालामनो मदद नांगौ जायोब्ला नों जरखा दाजेम सायखनो हायो। If you are keen on muscles, lay stress on muscles, then keep on increasing the resistance. नों मोदोम गेहेनफोराव गोसोगुदुंब्ला , मोदोम गेहेनफोराव बांसिन बोलो हो, बेनि उनाव होबथागोहोखौ बांहोबाय था। Bending up to a certain point is easy, beyond this point you feel tension in your muscles and if you still go further you will feel pain. थि बिन्दोसिम फेदेमनाया गोरलै, बे बिन्दोनि बादगा नों नोंनि मोदोम गेहेनफोराव गोहोम मोनगोन आरो नों बांद्राय थांबावोब्ला नों सानाय मोनगोन। If you keep on doing exercises the mobility of the joints goes on increasing. नों ब्यामफोरखौ खालामबाय थायोब्ला गान्थिफोरनि दोरोदथिया बांलाङो। The point of pain becomes the point of tension in a few days and gradually you can still go beyond this point without pain. सानायनि बिन्दोआ साननैसो गोहोमनि बिन्दो जायो आरो लासैयै बे बिन्दोनि बादगा सानाय गैयालासे थांनो हागोन। This principle has been used in exercising the patients with stiff joints. फदमजायै गान्थिफोरजों बेरामिफोरखौ ब्याम खालामनायाव बे खान्थिखौ बाहायनायजाबाय। Movement and pain are indirectly related. दोरोदथि आरो सानायफोरा खेंसालियायै सोमोन्दो गोनां। With the help of exercises, as he increases his movements, the pain goes on decreasing, ultimately he becomes pain free. ब्यामफोरनि मददजों बियो जेरै गावनि मावनायखौ बांहोयो, सानायाबो खमायलाङो, जोबनायाव बियो सानायनिफ्राय उदां जायो। If the movement is made up to the point of pain, the muscles become tense in protective response and desired result will not be achieved. दोरोदथिया सानायनि बिन्दोआव जायोब्ला, रैखाथियारि फिन होनायाव मोदोम गेहेनफोरा गोरा जायो आरो मिजिंथिनाय फिथाइखौ मोननो हाया। Learning Asana with the help of a book sometimes can be dangerous. आसनाखौ बिजाबनि मददजों सोलोंनाया माब्लाबा गिथावनाबो जानो हागौ। Do not exercise in a haphazard and careless manner. खैफोदगोनां आरो जोथोन गैयै आखुआव ब्याम खालामनो नाङा। Exercises should be done carefully, gracefully and at the right speed. ब्यामफोरखौ जोथोनै, माहियै आरो थि गोख्रैथियाव खालामनांगौ। When you do exercises, do them with all concentration. नों जेब्ला ब्यामफोर खालामो, बेफोरखौ गासै गोसो होसारनानै खालाम। At every moment your mind should know what your body is doing. मोनफ्रोमबो समाव नोंनि गोसोआ मिथिनांगोन नोंनि देहाया मा मावगासिनो दं। You should not do exercises as a punishment. ब्यामफोरखौ नों मोनसे साजा महरै खालामनो नाङा। You may do exercises along with music or select the right exercise for a particular time. नों ब्यामफोरखौ खनसारजों लोगोसे खालामनो हायो एबा मोनसे जुनिया समनि थाखाय थि ब्यामखौ सायख’। Combine your exercises with breathing. नोंनि ब्यामफोरखौ हां बोनाय हगारनायजों सरजाब। It will enhance their good effect, So do them when you are relaxed. बेयो बेफोरनि मोजां जाउनखौ बांहोगोन, बेनिखायनो बेफोरखौ खालाम जेब्ला नों उदां। Even a slight tension causes wasting of nerve energy. अदेबानि एसे गोहोमानो रोदानि गोहोखौ खहा खालामो। Exercises should not be completed at a single go. ब्यामफोरखौ खनसेल खालामनायजोंनो फोजोबनो नाङा। You are benefited by Asanas only when the "asan" or your sitting posture is correct while doing it. नों आसनाफोरजों मुलामफा होजागोन जेब्ला बेखौ खालामनायाव “आसन” एबा नोंनि जिरायनाय महरा गेबें जागोन। After each exercise, relax for a while. मोनफ्रोमबो ब्यामनि उनाव दसे समनि थाखाय जिराय। This will help your exercising muscles fill up with blood. बेयो नोंनि ब्याम खालामनाय मोदोम गेहेनफोरखौ थैजों आबुं खालामनो हेफाजाब होगोन। It will help the lungs to catch up and clear all fatigue poison from the blood. बेयो समफ्लखौ थैनिफ्राय गासै गाज्रि बिसफोरखौ हमदांनो आरो उदां खालामनो मदद होगोन। Alternate your exercise with games, boating or swimming to keep the interest alive. नोंनि गोसो दुंनायखौ फोथांना लाखिनो ब्यामखौ गेलेमुफोर एबा नाव जावनाय आरो सानस्रिनायजों सोलाय। You can alternate exercise with yoga asana. नों ब्यामखौ यगा आसनाजों सोलायनो हायो। Do exercise for one day and yoga asana the next. सानसेनि थाखाय ब्याम खालाम आरो अखानायै यगा खालाम। Yoga asanas make the body healthy and the nerves strong. यगा आसनाफोरा सोलेरखौ आरो रोदाफोरखौ गोख्रों खालामो । If exercises are important, so is rest. ब्यामफोरा गोनांथारब्ला, बेखायनो जिरायनायाबो। After rest, you will feel energetic and this energy should be utilised for doing exercises. जिरायनायनि उनाव नों बोलोगोनां मोनगोन बे बोलोखौ आरो ब्याम खालामनायनि थाखाय बाहायनांगौ। If you do not utilise it either it is wasted or the body stops generating it. नों बेखौ बाहायाब्ला बेयो खहा जागोन एबा सोलेरा बेखौ दिहुननायखौ बन्द खालामगोन। This is why it is always safer to learn Asanas from a good teacher. बेनिखायनो आसनाखौ मोजां फोरोंगिरिनिफ्राय सोलोंनाया अरायबो रैखाथि गोनांसिन। During rest, the body eliminates waste materials, builds new cells and repairs the old ones. जिरायनाय समाव, सोलेरा उदायै मुवाफोरखौ दिहुनगारो, गोदान जिबख्रिफोर दायो आरो गोजामफोरखौ फाहामफिनो। When you feel tired you must rest. जेब्ला नों मेंनाय मोनो, नों जिरायथारनांगौ। If you have done the right amount of exercises you will become fresh after a restful sleep. नों थोजासे बिबांनि ब्यामफोर खालामबायब्ला, नों मोजाङै उन्दुनायनि उनाव थाजिम जागोन। The requirement of sleep differs for different people. उन्दुनायनि गोनांथिया गुबुन गुबुन सुबुंनि थाखाय गुबुन गुबुन जायो। Many can do with six hours; others may need 8 to 10 hours. गोबाङा द घन्टा खालामनो हायो, गुबुनफोरनो 8 निफ्राय 10 घन्टा नांगौ। If you know to relax well, relax before your sleep, your requirement of sleep will be reduced. नों मोजाङै जिरायनो रोङोब्ला, उन्दुनायनि सिगां जिराय, नोंनि उन्दुनायनि गोनांथिया खमायलांगोन। A strong and well built body is a great asset in life. गोख्रों आरो मोजां दाथायनि सोलेरा जिउनि गेदेर दोहोन। It helps to face adverse situations and to achieve greater heights in your professional career and in day to day activities. बेयो गोब्राब थासारिफोरजों मोगा मोगि जानो आरो नोंनि फालांगियारि जिउराहायाव आरो सानफ्रोमबोनि खामानिफोराव गेदेर जौथायखौ देरहासारनो हेफाजाब खालामो। A well worked-out system of routine activities with an intelligent diet can lead you to higher attainments and help overcome mental and emotional difficulties and bring happiness from within. गोगो आदारजों लोगोसे मोनसे थि हाबाफारिया गोजौ देरहासारनाय आरो गोसो आरो आबेगारि जेंनानिफ्राय उदां जानायाव मदद खालामगोन आरो बेनिफ्रायनो गोजोननायखौ मोनगोन। Better health and great physical power can be acquired by exercises and adherence to certain rules. मोजांसिन सावस्रि आरो गोख्रों देहायारि बोलोखौ ब्यामजोंसो मोननो हायो आरो माखासे खान्थिफोरजों सोलिनांगौ जायो। I do not recommend shrishasana (Head stand). आं श्रीशासनाखौ गनायथि होआ। It does not come naturally as you grow to maturity. नों देरबोनाय बादि बेयो मिथिंगायारियै फैया। Food we eat is important. जों जानाय आदारा गोनांथार। Food provides energy for daily work, helps in growth and provides vitamins and minerals which help us maintain good health. सानफ्रोमबोनि खामानिनि थाखाय आदारा गोहो जगायो, देरनायाव मदद होयो आरो भिटामिन आरो गुदिमुवाफोर जगायो जाय जोंखौ मोजां सामलायनायाव मदद खालामो। Breathing is one of the most important factors required for building up the body. देहा दानायनि थाखाय हां बोनाय हगारनायाबो जोबोर गोनां जाहोनफोरनि मोनसे। We can live without food for days, without water for a few days, but we cannot do without air even for five minutes. जों साननैसो आदार जायालासे, साननैसो दै लोङाजासे थानो हायो, नाथाय बार गैयालासे बा मिनिटबो जों थानो हाया। Pure air is an important factor for body building. देहा दानायनि थाखाय गोगो बारा गोनांथार मुवा। Open the windows in your bed rooms. नोंनि उन्दुनाय खथायाव खेरखिफोरखौ खेव। Be sure there is fresh supply of air day and night. बेयाव गोगो बारा सान आरो हर हाबनायखौ थि खालाम। More and more people are regulating the temperature, humidity and ventilation of the room through air conditioners. एयार कन्डिशनारजों गोबां सुबुंफोरा खथानि बिदुं, दै खफ आरो भेन्टिलेशनखौ सामलायगासिनो। At least, it helps in proper ventilation. एसेब्लाबो, बेयो थि भेन्टिलेशनआव मदद खालामो। People who can benefit from Shirshasana are only those who have good health. जाय सुबुंफोरा श्रीशासनाजों मुलाम्फा मोननो हानाया बैसोरल’ जायफोरहा गोग्गो देहा दं। We know that 50% of the body is made up of muscles. जों मिथिगौदि देहानि 50%आ मोदोम गेहेनफोरजों दाजानाय। Proper exercise must be taken for their proper growth and development. बेफोरनि थि देरनाय आरो जौगानायनि थाखाय थि ब्यामखौ लाथारनांगौ। When a man exercises his body, he becomes muscular and when a woman exercises her body, it helps to become round and curvaceous. जेब्ला सासे हौवाया गावनि देहाखौ ब्याम खालामो , बेयो राफोद जायो आरो जेब्ला सासे आयजोआ गावनि देहाखौ ब्याम खालामो , बेयो दुलुर आरो गोथों जानायाव मदद खालामो। Nature has made the woman's body in such a way that muscles do not grow in the same way as man's muscles do. मिथिंगाया आयजोफोरनि देहाखौ ओरैबादि दादोंदि मोदोम गेहेनफोरा हौवा मानसिनि गेहेनफोर बादि एखेयै जौगाया। Many people think that better health comes from something unknown. गोबां सुबुंफोरा सानोदि मोजां सावस्रिया माबा मिथिमोनैनिफ्रायसो फैयो। It is clear that now superior health can be achieved by anybody who is prepared to make an effort and a small sacrifice. बेयो रोखादि दायो गोगोथार सावस्रिया बयजोंबो मोननो हायो जाय नाजानो आरो एसे नागारसारनो थियारि। Many people seem to have more body energy and prolonged youth. गोबां सुबुंफोरहा बांसिन देहानि बोलो आरो गोलाव लायमोन बैसो मोननो हायो। This comes when they are lucky to have inherited it from their parents. बेयो फैयो जेब्ला बिसोरो बेखौ बिमा बिफानिफ्रायनो आरजियो बरादगोनां । They seem to abuse and misuse their body and still keep themselves healthy. बिसोरो देहाखौ खुफुं आरो खहा खालामो आरो बिसोरो थेवब्लाबो गुफुं देहा लाखियो। They are, in fact, spending the vitality from their forefathers. बिसोरो, थारैनो, गावसोरनि आजै आजौनि गोहोखौसो बाहायगासिनो। The weak will benefit the same by doing sarvang asana (Shoulder stand). लोरबांफोरा सारभां आसना खालामनानै एखे मुलाम्फाखौ मोनगोन (आखाय दिखांना) But their progeny may have to pay the penalty. नाथाय बिसोरनि उन जोलैया दायखौ सुख’नो गोनां जानोहागौ। If we study the lives of people who had a long existence, the secret of their longevity is found in their diet and daily exercises. जों सुबुंफोरनि जिउनि थांनायखौ आनजाद खालामोब्ला, बिसोरनि गोलाव सम जोरनायनि गुमुरखौ मोनो बिसोरनि आदार जानाय आरो सानफ्रोमबोनि ब्यामाव। Women grow old much faster than men, because, men keep themselves more active. आयजोफोरा हौवाफोरनिख्रुय थाबसिन बुरियो, मानोना हौवाफोरा गावसोरखौ बांसिन मावथियै लाखियो। When you exercise you have a strong heart, strong stomach and so your brain also gets better nourishment. जेब्ला नों ब्याम खालामो नोंहा गोख्रों मैखुन, गोख्रों उदै दं आरो बेनिखायनो नोंनि मेलेमाबो मोजांसिन आदार मोनो। You choose an exercise and do it regularly, but, remember, it takes years to build a beautiful body. नों मोनसे ब्याम सायख’ आरो अरायबो खालाम, नाथाय गोसोआव ला, समायना देहा दानो बेयो बोसोर बोसोर लायो। Everyone does not have a gymnasium in their vicinity. बयहाबो गावनि जायगायाव जिमनासियाम गैया। Still, if one cannot afford to go to a gym, the best alternative is to take a walk, a brisk walk or go jogging. थेवबो, सोरबा जिमाव थांनो हायाखैब्ला, बेनि साबसिन राहाया, थाबायनाय, खारस्लिवनाय एबा बाज्लनाय। This can be regulated according to one's age and strength. बेखौ गावनि बैसो आरो बोलोबादियै खालामनो हायो। If you are sad or depressed, walk and walk deliberately and you will come out of your depression. नों दुखु आरो गोसो बायनायब्ला, अरायबो थाबाय आरो थाबाय आरो नों गोसो बायनायनिफ्राय उदां जानो हागोन। If you have a problem or an emotional strain, get out of the house and go for a walk and you will be able to solve it. नोंहा जेंना एबा आबेगारि गोहोम दंब्ला ननिफ्राय बायजोआव ओंखार आरो थाबाय आरो नों बेखौ सुस्रांनो हागोन। The rate of exercise can be decreased or increased. ब्यामनि हारखौ खमायनो आरो बारायनो हायो। Walk and you will have time to think. थाबाय आरो नों साननो सम मोनगोन। Understand your problem and plan your strategy to make life better. नोंनि जेंनाखौ बुजि आरो जिउखौ साबसिन खालामनो थाखाय नोंनि हाबाफारिखौ खालाम। Walking is an interesting activity. थाबायनाया मोनसे रंजाथाव खामानि। You will make many new friends and it will give you a feeling of sharing human activities. नों गोबां गोदान लोगो मोनगोन आरो बेयो नोंनो सुबुंआरि हाबाफोरनि फोरमायथिखौ मोन्दांहोगोन। It is good for old and middle aged people. बेयो बैसो गोरा आरो गेजेर बैसोनि सुबुंनि थाखाय मोजां। Youngsters should do more strenuous exercises or jog vigorously. लायमोनफोरा बांसिन बोलो नांनाय ब्याम एबा बाज्लबाय थानायखौ खालामनांगौ। They should participate in games. बिसोरो गेलेमुफोराव बाहागो लानांगौ। Exercises for women are more important than for men. आयजोफोरनि ब्यामफोरा खालामनाया हौवाफोरनिख्रुय बांसिन गोनां। They gain strength and beauty. बिसोरो बोलो आरो समायनाखौ आरजियो। If they are strong, they impart strength to their children. बिसोरो गोख्रोंब्ला, बिसोरो बिसोरनि गथ’फोरनो गोख्रोंथि होयो। If you feel you have not done enough exercise you can increase the speed till you feel exhausted. नों थोजासे ब्याम खालामाखै होनना सानोब्ला, नों मेंनाय मोनजासिम गोख्रैथिखौ बांहोनो हायो। If they are weak their children will be weak. बिसोरो लोरबांब्ला, बिसोरनि गथ’फोरा लोरबां जागोन। Failing marriages can be traced to weaknesses in the body and low vitality. हाबा फेलेंजानाया देहायाव लोरबांथि आरो खम बोलोनि थाखाय जायो होनना संजायो। Failures in marriages will be less if the woman is more alive, more supple and bubbling with health. हाबानि फेलेंथिया खमायगोन जुदि आयजोफोरा बांसिन मावथि , बांसिन राफोद आरो सावस्रिजों गोसोदुंखां जायो। Swimming is a good exercise. सानस्रिनाया मोनसे मोजां ब्याम। In swimming every part of the body is exercised as you are free to move in all directions, like a bird in the air. सानस्रिनायाव देहानि गासैबो बाहागोआनो ब्यामखालामजायो मानोना नों गासै दिगआवनो थांनो हायो, अख्रांनि मासे दावबादि। The deformity in Ankylosing Spondylitis generally occurs due to bad postures during sitting and lying. एल्किलजिं स्पनडिलाइटिजनि थि नङैया सरासनस्रायै जनाय आरो उन्दुनाया जानला मोनलानि थाखाय जायो। Gradually the curvature and the restriction of movements of these patients go on increasing. लासैयै बेफोर बेरामिफोरनि दोरोदथिफोरनि गंलांनाय आरो हेंथाया बालांबाय थायो। They should try to sleep on a hard bed with a thin pillow. बिसोरो गोरा एमाव फिसा गान्दुजों उन्दुनो नाजानांगौ। They should try to sleep on the back and in front without any support for a few minutes. बिसोरो जेबो मदद लायालासे माखासे मिनिट खुग्लुबना आरो खांग्रांना उन्दुनो नाजानांगौ। They should always sit on a straight back chair and should keep on exercising even if they have some bearable pain. बिसोरो जेब्लाबो गोथों सोनारग्रा मासियाव जिरायनांगौ आरो माखासे सहायनो हाथावै सानाय दंब्लाबो ब्याम खालामबायथानांगौ। These joints can quickly get stiffened and can lose mobility. बेफोर गान्थिफोरा थाबै गोरा जानो हागौ आरो दोरोदथिखौ खोमानो हागौ। Gradually, by the exercise of the joints, mobility will increase. लासैयै, गान्थिफोरनि ब्यामजों, दोरोदनाया बांगोन। Only one thin pillow should be given in the night. मोनसे गोबा गान्दुखौल’ हराव होनांगौ। A patient must exercise on his own and can do a few exercises assisted by his therapist. सासे बेरामिया ब्यामखौ गावनो खालामथारनांगोन, आरो फाहामगिरिया होनायबादि माखासे ब्यामफोरखौ खालामनो हायो। He can walk with the help of a walker or assisted by somebody. बेयो थाबायग्रा आगजुनि मददजों एबा सोरनिबा हेफाजाबाव थाबायनो हागोन। He can walk with crutches. बेयो लावथिजों थाबायनो हागोन। Use elbow crutches rather than axillary crutches to avoid crutch palsy. क्रात्स पालसिखौ नेवसिनो फाखनाखं लावथिफोरनि सोलाय खिलाखुनथि लावथिफोरखौ बाहाय। After crutches the patient can walk with the help of a cane. लावथिफोरनि उनाव बेरामिया थसे रायदोंनि हेफाजाबजों थाबायनो हागोन। Gradually the patient starts building up his muscle control. लासैयै बेरामिया गावनि मोदोम गेहेन दबथायनायखौ सामलायनो जागायो। All this will depend upon age, the patient's endeavour and how determined he is to come out of it quickly. बे गासैबो बैसो, बेरामिनि गोसो आरो बेनिफ्राय उदां जानो बेसेबां नाजादोंनि सायाव सोनारगोन । Exercises are important at the chronic stage, otherwise deformity is certain. ब्यामफोरा बेरामनि गोब्राब थाखोआव गोनांथार, नङाब्ला गाज्रिसिन जागोना रोखा। If the joints are not exercised properly, they become fixed in flexed position, muscles become thin and wasted and inflammatory products get deposited around the joints. गान्थिफोराव थियै ब्याम खालामाब्ला, बेफोर देबनाय जायगायाव थाबाय थागोन, मोदोम गेहेनफोरा फिसा जागोन आरो खामानि गैयै जागोन आरो जराफोरनि सोरगिदिं आलौहोनाय मुवाफोरा जमाजागोन। Even from the onset of the disease when the pain is acute, a gentle local joint movement should be started for a short period, once or twice a day. अदेबानि बेरामा जागायजेननायनिफ्राय जेब्ला सानाया गोब्राब जायो, मोनसे लासै गानथि दोरोदथायखौ दसे समनि थाखाय जागायजेननांगौ, सानसेआव खेबसे एबा खेबनै। Many other deformities occur in rheumatoid arthritis. सानाय गान्थिफोराव गोबां गुबुन जेंनाफोरा नुजायो। If the patient has been sleeping on a soft bed, the cervical spine flexes till the chin reaches near the chest. बेरामिया गुरै एमाव उन्दुबाय थादोंब्ला, सिना जेरबा खाथि मोनहैजासिम गोदोनानि रोदाया दबनानै थागोन। The patient looks as if he is curled up in a ball. बेरामिखौ ओरैबादि नुगोनदि जेन बियो थोबसे बलावसो फायखनना दं। The bones become osteoporotic and more often get fractured by little training. बेगेंफोरा लोरबां जालाङो आरो इसे सर’आवनो बायलाबायो। These patients need a well planned and supervised exercise therapy. बेफोर बेरामिफोरनो मोजां बिथांखिगोनां आरो नोजोरलाजानाय ब्याम फाहामथायनि गोनां। Gradually their movement and muscle power will increase. लासैयै बिसोरनि दोरोदथि आरो मोदोम गेहेननि गोहोआ बांगोन। Some heat therapy to the joints before exercise may be given. ब्यामनि सिगां गान्थिफोराव माखासे बिदुंनि फाहामथाइ होनो हायो। This helps to relax the muscles and increases the blood supply and so the exercise becomes more effective. बेयो मोदोम गेहेनखौ आराम होनो हेफाजाब होयो आरो थै गोसारनायखौ बांहोयो आरो बेनिखायनो ब्यामा बांसिन जाउनगोनां जायो। The joint stiffness and contraction improves slowly and needs a lot of patience and perseverance on the part of both the physician and the patient. गान्थि गोराजानाय आरो नारसेबनाया लासैनो साबो आरो बेरामि आरो फाहामगिरि सानैनोबो गोबां गोसो हमथानाय आरो नांथाबनायखौ नांगौ। The first exercise for the affected joint should be taught by the therapist in a long session. जखमजानाय गान्थिनि गिबि ब्यामआ फाहामगिरिजों गोलाव सम फोरोंजानांगौ। The patient should be encouraged to do exercises himself, or with joints supported by the therapist. बेरामिखौ गावखौनो ब्याम खालामनो थुलुंगा होनांगौ, एबा फाहामगिरिजों होजानाय गान्थिफोरजों। Exercise should be supervised at least twice a week by the therapist and the improvement noted. ब्यामआ खमसे-खम सफथासेयाव खननै फाहामगिरिजों नायबिजिरजानांगौ आरो जौगानायखौ रेबथुमनांगौ। Exercise pools are of great help, where the patient can move his joints freely in all directions. ब्याम पुलफोरा मैखोम मदद गोनां, जेराव बेरामिया गावनि गान्थिफोरखौ फारफ्रोमबो दिगावनो उदाङै सोमावनो हायो। General exercise should also be given along with specific joint exercises. गान्थिनि थि ब्यामफोरजों लोगोसे सरासनस्रा ब्यामखौबो खालामहोनांगौ। Resistance exercises should be given to increase the power of the muscles which support the body in movement and during work. मोदोम गेहेननि गोहोखौ बांहोनो थाखाय होबथालु ब्यामफोरखौ खालामहोनांगौ जाय देहाखौ सोमावनाय आरो खामानिनि समाव मदद खालामो। If your weight is 70kg, in water your legs have to support only 7kg. नोंनि लिरथाया 70 के.जि.ब्ला, दैयाव नोंनि आथिंफोरा 7 के.जि.ल हेफाजाब होनांगौ। Due to weak legs as in paraplesia or due to painful knees as in arthritis, if you cannot stand, probably you will be able to balance, water will help you to do so. बेंगुरानि थाखाय आथिङा लोरबां जानायलाय एबा गान्थि सानायनि थाखाय हान्थुआ सानायलाय नों गसंनो हायाब्ला, नों समानथि खालामनो हायाब्ला, बेखौ खालामनो दैया नोंखौ मदद होगोन। Water relaxes spastic muscles so you can do exercises in water more easily. दैया सानाय मोदोम गेहेनफोरखौ गोजोनहोयो बेखायनो नों दैयाव गोरलैयैनो ब्याम खालामनो हायो। Water relieves tension and is of great help for tense patients. दैया सानायखौ सोखायो आरो सिनथागोनां बेरामिफोरनि मैखोम हेफाजाब। If pool water is at 37 degrees centigrade it will relax you better and relieve aches and pains. लानाय दैया 37 डिग्री चेन्टिग्रेडब्ला बेयो नोंखौ मोजांसिन गोजोनहोगोन आरो जखम आरो सानायखौ सोखागोन। Move the legs alternatively keeping the knees straight. हान्थुफोरखौ गोथों लाखिनानै आथिंफोरखौ सोलायसोल सोमाव। An increase of pain after exercises indicates an excessive amount of motion. ब्यामफोरनि उनाव बांलांनाय सानाया बांद्राय बिबांनि खारथायखौ फोरमायो। The patient, after walking for a few minutes, gets acute pain in the calf muscles and is relieved by rest for a few minutes. बेरामिया, दसे सम थाबायनायनि उनाव, आदैनि मोदोम गेहेनाव जोबोर सानाय मोनगोन, आरो एसे मिनिट जिरायनायजों सागाहोजायो। This is due to the narrowing of blood vessels. बेयो थै रोदाफोरा गुसेबजानायनि थाखाय जायो। The blood supply has to increase during walking. थाबायनाय समाव थै गोसारनाया बांनांगौ। Blood demand increases when the patient walks and if, due to narrowing of the blood vessels, the supply of blood does not increase an ischemic condition is reached. जेब्ला बेरामिया थाबायो थैनि गोनांथिया बाङो आरो थै रोदाया गुसेबजानायनि थाखाय थै गोसारथिया बाङाब्ला मोनसे थै मोनै थासारियाव सहैयो। These patients should stop smoking, as cigarette smoking is known to have detrimental effect in such patients. बेफोर बेरामिफोरा सोबनायखौ नागारनांगौ, मानोना चिगारेट सोबनाया बेरामिनाव गाज्रि गोहोम दं होनना मोनथिजायो। They are instructed to take a brisk walk of one hour every day. बिसोरो सानफ्रोमबो से घन्टा गोख्रैयै थाबायनो बिथोन होजायो। They are allowed to rest for a few minutes when the pain recurs and then resume the brisk walk. जेब्ला साखांनाय मोनो बिसोरखौ माखासे मिनिट जिरायनो होनाय जायो आरो बेनि उनाव गोख्रै थाबायनायखौ जागायफिननांगौ। Patients with arterio sclerotic obliterance symptoms who are confined to bed or chair must exercise through progressive restrictive movements performed with the help of a therapist or a member of the family. आर्टारिअ स्केरटिक फोजोबग्रा बेरखांथि गोनां बेरामि जाय मासि एबा एमावनो थाबायथाग्राफोरा सिमा गोनां दावगालु ब्यामखौ फाहामगिरि एबा नखरनि सोद्रोमानि हेफाजाबाव खालामथारनांगौ। Age is no bar for doing exercise. ब्यामनि थाखाय बैसोनि सिमा गैया। A 67 year old man with intermittent claudicating could walk only 5 blocks. थाद’-थाद’ थाबायनाय सासे 67 बोसोर बैसोनि बोराया 5 ब्लकल’ थाबायनो हायो। The muscles around the affected joint should be voluntarily contracted and relaxed by the patient by moving the joint, called static exercise, done 2-3 minutes every hour. गोहोम गोग्लैनाय जरानि सोरगिदिं गेहेनफोरखौ गावखौनो गाव नारसेबहोनांगौ आरो गानथिखौ दोरोदहोनानै बेरामिजों जिरायहोजानांगौ, दिदोम ब्याम बुंनाय जायो, मोनफ्रोम घन्टायाव 2-3 मिनित खालामजायो। They should walk 1/2 to 1km initially and increase the distance gradually as health permits. बिसोरो गिबियाव 1/2 निफ्राय 1 किलमिटारसिम थाबायनांगौ आरो सावस्रिया गनायथि होयोब्ला लासैयै जानथायखौ बारायनांगौ। This can be combined with simple free hand exercises or exercises with steps, cycle with a meter or a tread mill. बेखौ गोरलै उदां आखायनि ब्याम एबा आगाननि ब्याम, मिटारगोनां साइकेल एबा ट्रेड मिलजों सरजाबनो हायो। They should preferably walk instead of moving in a car if the distance is short. जानथाया गुसुंब्ला गारिजों थांनायनि अनगा बिसोरो गोनांथियै थाबायनोसो नांगौ। With this improvement, they will experience a drop in the heart rate during exercise. बे दावगानायजों, बिसोर ब्यामनि समाव मैखुन हाराव खमायनायखौ रोंमोनदांगोन। Even those who have the severe form of the disease can increase their exercise levels and oxygen intake by twenty percent. अदेबानि जायफोरहा गोब्राब रोखोमनि बेराम दं बिसोरो ब्यामनि थाखोफोरखौ आरो अक्सिजेननि बिबांखौ नैजि जौखोन्दोसिम बांहोनो हायो। Breathing exercises are a great help in 'retraining' in breathing. हांलानाय ब्यामाफोरा हांलानायनायनि फोरोंफिनथायाव मदद खालामो। We use the same exercises for asthma, bronchitis and emphysema. जों हाफानि, ब्रनकाइटिज आरो एम्फिसेमानि थाखाय एखे ब्यामखौनो खालामो। We have tried to include all the good points from many of these exercises. जों गासै मोजां बाथ्राफोरखौ बेफोर गोबां ब्यामफोरनिफ्राय सरजाबनो नाजाबाय। Patients should have confidence in the therapist. बेरामिफोरहा फाहामगिरिनाव फोथायनाय थानांगौ। They should be taught individually and later they may join a group. बिसोरखौ हारसिङैनो फोरोंनांगौ उनाव बिसोर हानजायाव हाबनो हागोन। As the patient's condition improves, exercises must be increased, but not too rapidly, otherwise a relapse may occur. बेरामिनि थासारिया साबो, ब्यामफोरखौ बारायथारनांगौ, नाथाय जोबोद गोख्रैयै नङा, नङाब्ला गाज्रि जाफिननो हागौ। When he does these exercises in a group, he will be encouraged by others and will feel more confident and will put in better effort. जेब्ला बियो बेफोर ब्यामफोरखौ मोनसे हानजायाव खालामो, बियो गुबुनफोरजों थुलुंगा होजागोन आरो बांसिन बोलो मोन्दांगोन आरो साबसिन नाजागोन। It is most important for a patient with asthma and emphysema to relax. हाफानि आरो आम्फिसेमा गोनां सासे बेरामिनि थाखाय जिरायनाया जोबोर गोनां। These patients are always tense, nervous and exhausted because all the time they are making a continuous effort to avoid suffocation. बेफोर बेरामिफोरा जेब्लायबो जिंगा, लोरबां आरो मेंनाय मानोना अराय सम बिसोरो हां-थोनोथोनो मोननायखौ एंगारनो नाजाबाय थायो। If you watch these patients carefully you will find many signs of tension. नों बेफोर बेरामिफोरखौ सांग्राङै नोजोरहोयोब्ला नों सानायनि गोबां नेरसोनफोर मोनगोन। They may have tremors in the hands, their eyes may twitch when closed, and they may have a short movement pattern in their chest region as they are all the while conscious of their breathing. बिसोरहा आखायफोर खमफिनाय थानोहागौ, बिसोरनि मेगनफोरा मिसिबनाय समाव मावनो हागौ आरो बिसोरहा बिसोरनि जेरबा ओनसोलाव मोनसे गुसुं दोरोदथाय थानो हागौ जेब्ला बिसोरो हांलानायाव अराय सम सांग्रा जायो। They may show more movement in the upper chest, shoulders, neck and spine, especially when they are seen. बिसोरो गोजौ जेरबा, फाफ्लि, गोदोना आरो गोदोनाखंआव बांसिन दोरोदथि दिनथिनो हागौ जरखायै जेब्ला बिसोरखौ नायो। This tension and these wasteful movements unfortunately use up a lot of energy. बे सानाय आरो बेफोर खहागोनां दोरोदथिफोरा गोबां गोहोफोरखौ दुखुनांथावै बाहायगारो। If they are relaxed, only then can they learn to breathe more efficiently and in the right sort of way. जेब्ला बिसोरो जिरायो, अब्लालसो बिसोरो मोजाङै आरो नांगौबादियै हांलानो सोलोङो। A patient should be told about these wasteful movements and also be taught the intricacies of abdominal breathing. सासे बेरामिखौ बेफोर खहागोनां दोरोदथिफोरनि सोमोन्दै बुंनांगोन आरो उदैआरि हांलानायनि गोब्राबथिफोरखौबो फोरोंनांगोन। He should be told that proper breathing will be less taxing and will reduce the attacks of breathlessness. बिनो बुंबावनांगोनदि थि हांलानाया खम खहागोनां जागोन आरो हांगैयैनि गाग्लोबथिफोरखौ खमायगोन। Now gradually exercises should be increased but overindulgence may cause a relapse. दायो ब्यामखौ फारियै बांहोनांगौ नाथाय बांद्राय खालामनाया गाज्रि जाहोनोहागौ। These new methods are not short term methods, and should be used permanently. बेफोर गोदान बिखान्थिफोरा गुसुं सम बिखान्थि नङा, आरो जुगामियै बाहायजानांगौ। At the time of an attack he should give more attention to these new methods and he will be benefited by the new knowledge. गाग्लोबनाय समाव बियो बेफोर गोदान बिखान्थिफोराव बांसिन गोसो होनांगौ आरो बियो गोदान गियानजों मुलाम्फा मोनगोन। These patients should be provided with a happy and congenial atmosphere at home. बेफोर बेरामिफोरा नआव गोजोन आरो उदां आबहावा जगायजानांगौ। They should also adopt a happy-go-lucky attitude. बिसोरो गोजों इयुन गोजोनथि गोसोथासारिबो लानांगोन। When the patient is taught to have relaxation, an atmosphere of silence must prevail. जेब्ला बेरामिया जिरायनो फोरोंजायो, मोनसे निजोम थासारि थाथारनांगोन। He should be made to lie down comfortably with his head and knees supported by a pillow and the arm resting comfortably. बिखौ खर’ आरो हान्थुजों गांसे गान्दुनि मददजों आरो आखायखौ गोजोनै जिरायहोनानै गोजोनै उनदुहोनांगौ। He should be told about the difference between tense and relaxed muscles. बिखौ सानाय आरो गोजोन मोदोम गेहेनफोरनि फारागनि सोमोनदै खिनथानांगौ। This should continue till he knows how to relax them completely. बेफोरखौ माबोरै जिरायहोनांगौ आबुङै बियो मिथिजासिम बेखौ खालामबाय थानांगौ। This should be done in the muscles of the arm, shoulder, neck, face, chest and abdomen. बेखौ आखाय, फाफ्लि, गोदोना, मोखां, जेरबा आरो उदैनि मोदोम गेहेनफोराव खालामनांगौ। These tensions in the muscles can be measured, and we shall know about their success. मोदोम गेहेनफोराव बेफोर सानायखौ सुनो हायो, आरो जों बिसोरनि जाफुंनायनि सोमोन्दै मिथिगोन। The patient can reduce his period of rest. बेरामिया गावनि जिरायनाय समखौ खमायनो हायो। When the patient has learnt this relaxation, he is ready for exercises. बे जिरायनायखौ जेब्ला बेरामिया रोङो, बियो ब्यामनि थाखाय थियारि। He starts with stretching and relaxing the short muscles of the shoulder and the upper chest. बियो फाफ्लिनि गुसुं मोदोम गेहेन आरो गोजौ जेरबाखौ फोलावलाय आरो जिरायलायनायजों जागायो। Various rhythmic and swinging exercises designed for the purpose are carried out along with respiration. गोबां खबामारि आरो समायना ब्यामफोरखौ हां लानायजों लोगोसे खालामफानायनि थांखिनि थाखाय साजायनाय जादों। Do the breathing exercises in the morning or in the evening when the stomach is empty. हां लानायनि ब्यामफोरखौ फुं आरो बेलासियाव खालाम जेब्ला उदैया खालि। Standing position gives the advantage of freedom for muscle movements. गसंनाय थाथाया मोदोम गेहेन दोरोदथायफोरनिनि उदांस्रिनि थाखाय खाबु होयो। Stand erect, arms at your sides, exhale slowly and deeply, bend your neck, bring your shoulders forward and contract the abdomen. आखायफोरखौ नोंनि थिंजाय लाखिना थोंगोरै गसं, लासैयै आरो गोलावयै हां हगार, गोदोनाखौ फदब, नोंनि फाफ्लिफोरखौ सिगांथिं लां आरो उदैखौ फोनां। You will find that you can further exhale more air. नों मोनगोनदि नों बांसिनबाव बार हगारनो हादों। Now start breathing in slowly, expand the chest, abdomen and straighten the neck. दायो लासैयै हां लानो जागायदो, जेरबा, उदैखौ फुवार आरो गोदोनाखौ गोथों खालाम। To inhale a little more, lift your chest further, retract the abdomen a little and extend the neck. एसे बांसिन हां लानो, जेरबाखौ फोजौ, उदैखौ इसे फेसेम आरो गोदोनाखौ फेहेर। Hold the breath for a few moments and start breathing out slowly and reverse the movement of the arms and heels. हांखौ दसे समनि थाखाय हमथा आरो लासैयै हां हगारनो जागाय आरो आखाय आरो आथिंनि सोमावनायखौ उलथां फालथां खालाम। The splint can be removed for longer periods or kept only during the night. खाथाबनायखौ गोलाव समनि थाखाय खेवनो हागोन एबा हर समावल’ लाजायो। Hold the breath for a few moments and start it again. हांखौ दसे सम हमथा आरो बेखौ फिन जागाय। When the arches of the feet are flattened, the patient feels pain while walking. जेब्ला आथिंनि आफाथालाफोरा गोबा जायो, बेरामिया थाबायनाय समाव सानाय मोनदांगोन। The knees also point sideways, that means that the entire leg has rotated at the hip joint. हान्थुफोराबो फारसे मिरुथिं थांगोन, बेनि ओंथिया गासै आथिंआनो थाफ्लिनि जरायाव बोख्रबगोन। Most of the deformities are produced during the first four months, when the child is too young to turn over. गिबि ब्रै दानाव बांसिन थि नङैफोरा नुजाथियो, जेब्ला गथसाया बेलथायनो थाखाय जोबोद उन्दैद्राय। In whatever position the child is placed, just after birth, it knows its position of comfort. जोनोमनि दान्दिसे उनाव गथ’खौ जेखि थाथायावनो दोना मानो, बेयो गावनि मोजां मोननाय थाथायखौ मिथियो। Stretched muscles become weak and contracted muscles become powerful. गुरै मोदोम गेहेनफोरा लोरबां जायो आरो नारसेबनाय मोदोम गेहेनफोरा गोख्रों जायो। An acute stage is reached when the pain is acute and the joint inflamed. सानाया जेब्ला गोब्राब आरो गान्थिआ सायो अब्ला गोब्राब थासारियाव सहैयो। These patients should be treated with confidence, the message will reach automatically to the patient and they will know that they are in the right hands. बेफोर बेरामिफोरखौ फोथायनायजों फाहामनांगौ, बे रादाबआ बेरामिनिसिम गावनोगाव सहैगोन आरो बिसोरो मोनथिगोनदि बिसोरो थार आखायफोरावनो दं । A wooden bench with a thin cotton mattress on it should be good enough. बेयाव गोबा कटननि गादि गोनां गंसे दंफां मासियानो थोजासे जानांगौ। The foot can be placed against a padded board to prevent foot-drops. आथिं गोलैनायफोरखौ होबथानो आथिंखौ रुइदोब जायगायाव दोननो हायो। The arms should be held close to the body and with the elbow flexed. आखानथिफोरा देहा आरो खेंख्राखालामनाय खिलाखुनथिजों नांजाबना थानांगौ। Start by keeping the hands on the waist, feet together, body erect. जानजियाव आखायफोरखौ लाखिनानै जागाय, जयै खाबजा, देहा दा। Your body is a more sophisticated machine than a car and it deserves better care. नोंनि देहाया गारिनि ख्रुइ बांसिन जौगानाय दाजेम आरो बेयो साबसिन जोथोन बेसेनहोयो। Bend at the knees and the hips, lowering the body until calf and thigh form an angle of about 110 degrees. हानथुफोर आरो थाफ्लिफोरखौ देहाखौ गाहायखालामनानै आदै आरो फेनदाया 0 फ्राम डिग्रि खना दानायसिमहालागै फदम। Now jump as high as 15-20 centimetres and land on straight legs. दा 15-20 सेनतिमितारफोर हानायमानि बाज्ल आरो थोंजों आथिंफोरजों बाज्रुम। This combination will break your monotony and will be more effective. बे जथाया नोंनि एखेहालोदखौ सिफायगोन आरो बांसिन गोहोमगोनां जागोन। Tense the muscles of your abdomen, hold it for 6 seconds and hold your breath. नोंनि अहेबनि मोदोमफोरखौ फेहेर, बेखौ 6 सेकेण्डफोरनि थाखाय हमथा आरो नोंनि हांखौ हमथा। Constitutional type strengthens vital organs and increases their activity. सोलेरारि बाहागोआ गोनां अंगफोरखौ गोख्रोंखालामो आरो बिसोरनि मावथायखौ बारायो। They are not strenuous. बिसोरो गोहोबाहायनोगोनां। They can be done by people of all ages and of all occupations. बेफोर गासै बैसोफोरनि आरो गासै बेबसायारिफोरनि मानसिफोरजों मावजानो हायो। Isometric exercises exert muscle force but no movement takes place. समानथोंलारियारि बियामफोरा मोदोम गोहोखौ सामलायो नाथाय जेबो दोरोदथाया जायगा लाया। The position of the arms should be changed frequently. आखानथिफोरनि थाथिरखौ गलेगलेयै सोलायनांगौ। They evoke an increase in the blood pressure and smaller increase in the heart rate during exercises of hand grip, climbing steps, resistance wheel, rowing machine etc. बिसोर आखाय हमथानाय, आगानफोर मानखोनाय, साखा होबथानाय, मेसिनफोर साजायनाय बायदिबायदिनि बियामफोरनि समाव थै नारसिनथायाव बांनाय आरो मैखुन हाराव इसे बांनाय लाबोयो। They are more useful for cardiac patients. बेफोरो मैखुनारि बेरामिफोरनि थाखाय बांसिन बाहायथाव। They produce cardio vascular distress which is physiological and rapidly reversible. बेफोरो मैखुनारि दैबथायनाय खसतमोनहोयो जाय देहासास्त्रवारि आरो गोख्रैयै फिदिंफिननोहाथाव। The blood pushed out with every heart beat called stroke volume increases 4-5 times in a normal person when he progresses from rest to vigorous exercise. थैया स्त्रक बिबां बुंनाय मोनफ्रोम मैखुन मावथायजों नारगारहरजायो जाय सासे सरासनस्रा मानसिनियाव 4-5 फानसिम बाङो जेब्ला बियो गोब्राब बियामखालामनो जिरायनायनिफ्राय जागायो। The oxygen consumption increases 10-12 times in a normal human being during vigorous exercise. गोब्राब बियामनि समाव सासे सरासनस्रा मानसिनियाव अक्सिजेन आजावनाया 10-12 फान बाङो। The heart muscles will become ischemic as external physical load increases during exercises. मैखुन मोदोमफोरा आइसिमगोनां जायो मानोना बाहेरा देहायारि बिबाना बियामनि समाव बाङो। In both cases the medical management is almost the same. मोननैबो बिथिङाव देहाबिगियान सामलायथाया समानफ्राम। Of course, in myocardial infarction initially 8-12 weeks of complete rest is given so that infarction may heal up, and activity is started gradually. थारैनो, मायकारदियेल 8-12 हाबथाफोर आबुं जिरायनायनि जागायजेननायाव इनफारकसनखौ होनाय जायो जाहाथे इनफारकसना साबस्रांनो हायो, बेनिउनाव मावथायखौ लासैलासै जागायनो हायो। Regular physical exercises will prevent further progression of coronary Atherosclerosis (narrowing due to fat deposit in the coronary wall). नेमबादि देहायारि बियामफोरा करनेरि एथेरसक्लेरसिसनि गोबां जौगानायखौ रैखाहोयो (करनेरि इनजुराव मेजेम जमायनायनि जाहोनाव गुसेबजानाय)। It has been found that the incidence of heart diseases is much lower among bus conductors than the less active bus drivers. बेखौ मोनबोगासिनो दंदि मैखुन बेरामनि जाब्रथाया खम मावथि बास सालायगिरिफोरनिख्रुय बास सामलायगिरिफोरनि गेजेराव बांसिन खमसिन। The swelling decreases and the patient gets relief from pain much faster. बुनाया खमायो आरो बेरामिया सानायनिफ्राय बांसिन गोख्रैसिनै रैखा मोनो। The first step in the conditioning programme for heart patients is to do an exercise test. मैखुन बेरामिफोरनि थाखाय थिखालामनाय हाबाफारियाव गिबि आगाना जादों मोनसे बियाम आनाजाद खालामनाय। It will determine the intensity and duration of the prescribed exercise. बेयो थिनाहोनाय बियामनि गोख्रोंथि आरो समखौ थिखालामगोन। The usual procedure is for the patient to maintain the highest conditioning heart rate at 80-85% of the measured maximum of symptomatic heart rate. बेरामिनि थाखाय सरासनस्रा नेमा जादों लैखोनगोनां मैखुन हारनि बांसिन जखानि 80-85 % आव जौसिन थिखालामनाय मैखुन हार सामलायनाय। At least five or six mechanical devices like stair steps, bicycle, rowing machine, and resistance for four minutes should be available for the tests, at the end of which the heart rate should be taken as the target heart rate level. खमैबो बा एबा द’ जुनथियारि आयजेंफोर जेरै सिरि थाखोफोर, सायखेल, दिङाजावनाय मेसिन, आरो ब्रै मिनितफोरनि थाखाय होबथानाया आनजादफोरनि थाखाय एग्रेबाग्रे जानांगौ, जायनि जोबनायाव मैखुन हारा थांखि मैखुन हार थाखोबादि लाजानांगौ। Then each of the group rotates to other stations or devices. बेनिउनाव हानजानि मोनफ्रोमबो गुबुन थाथानिफोर एबा आयजेंफोरसिम गिदिङो। Over exercising can cause harm. बांद्राय बियामखालामनाया खहा सोमजिहोनो हायो। For chest or Pulmonary diseases, value of breathing and general exercises, as an adjunct particularly in treating of Asthma, Bronchitis, Emphysema, etc has been recognized. जेरबा एबा संफ्लवारि बेरामफोरनि थाखाय, हांलानायनि बेसेन आरो सरासनस्रा बियामफोर, जेरै जरखायै एसमा, ब्रंकायतिस, इमफिसेमा, बायदियाव मोनसे दाजाबदेरथिया गनायजाबाय। Patients are consistent and generous in their praise for the relief provided. बेरामिफोरा रैखाथि राहालानायनि थाखाय गावसोरनि बाखनायनायाव दिदोम आरो गोसोगुवार। Physicians with long experience put their faith in stressing the benefit provided by these exercises. गोबां रोंगौथि गोनां देहाफाहामगिरिफोरा बेफोर बियामफोरजों जगायजानाय मुलामफोरखौ गोनांथिहोनायाव गावसोरनि फोथायनायखौ दोनो। Before we make an attempt to do the exercises, we should be made aware of the elastic property of the lungs and the thoracic wall (chest wall). जों बियामफोर खालामनो मोनसे नाजानाय खालामनायनि आगोल, जों संफ्लफोर आरो बिखायारि इनजुर (जेरबा इनजुर) नि अरनाय दोहोनखौ सांग्रां खालामनांगौ। Lie on the floor face down, hands under shoulders, palms flat on the floor. मोखांखौ मैजायाव खुग्लुबना, आखायफोरखौ फाफ्लि गाहायाव, दाब्ले आखायथालाफोरखौ मैजायाव गोलां। The lungs resist change in their shape because of their elastic property. अरनाय दोहोननि थाखाय संफ्लफोर बेरानि महरा सोलायो। In the normal state the inclination of the lungs to empty is opposed by the inclination of the thoracic wall to fill. सरासनस्रा थासारियाव लांदांखालामनो संफ्लफोरनि सरग्लायनाया बिखायारि इनजुरनि सरग्लायनायजों आबुंखालामनो हेंथाहोजायो। A stiffer lung will empty a smaller volume and the rigid chest wall will hold the lung at bigger volumes. मोनसे गोरा संफ्लआ खमसिन बिबां लांदांखालामगोन आरो गोरा जेरबा बेराया देरसिन बिबाङाव संफ्लखौ हमथागोन। The lung volume established passively by the elastic properties is the functional residual volume of the lung, normally varying around 3000ml. लोबोर दोहोनफोरजों दलरै गायसनजानाय संफ्ल बिबाङा संफ्लनि मावथायारि आग्लायनाय बिबां, सरसनस्रायै 3000 मि.लि. फ्राम रोखोमरोखोमजायो। It is important to note that this is the volume to which the lung will return passively. बेयो मख’नो गोनांदि संफ्लआ दलरै गिदिंफिनगोननि बेयो बिबां। A change of lung volume away from functional residual volume requires active muscular effort. मावथायारि आग्लायनायनि गोजानावथानाय संफ्ल बिबांनि मोनसे सोलायनाया मावथि मोदोमारि गोहोनि गोनांजायो। The contraction of the diaphragm decreases thoracic pressure and thus increases the lung volume, simultaneously by compressing the abdomen it increases abdominal pressure. गोबाजालामानि गुसुंखालामनाया बिखायारि नारसिनथायखौ खमायो आरो बिदिनो संफ्लनि बिबांखौ बांहोयो, एखेसमावनो उदैखौ नारसिननानै बेयो उदैयारि नारसिनथाय बांहोयो। The action of the diaphragm is to produce inspiration which means drawing breath. गोबाजालामानि खामानिया जादों थुलुंगा सोमजिहोनाय आरो जाय हां सोबखांनाय ओंथिफोरमायो। It is also active while vomiting and in defecation. बेयो गोबानाय आरो सिगारनायवबो मावथि। The external intercostals muscles help in inspiration. बाहेरानि खामिहारागेजेर मोदोमफोरा थुलुंगायाव हेफाजाबहोयो। Straighten the arms, lift the body and raise the hip to the highest point. जौसिन बिनदोआव आखानथिफोरखौ गोख्रोंखालाम, देहाखौ दैखां आरो थाफलिखौ बांहो। The internal intercostals muscles help in expiration. इसिङारि खामिहारागेजेरनि मोदोमगेहेना जोबनायाव हेफाजाबखालामो। In the quiet tidal breathing, the diaphragm moves approximately 1.5 cm in the standing position and little more in the supine position. आबुं फैलासेम हांलानायाव जालामाया गसंनाय अबस्थायाव फ्राय 1.5 सेमि सोलायो आरो खांग्रांनाथानाय अबस्थानिख्रै इसे बांसिन। The rib cage increases 1 cm while standing and 6cm in supine posture. जेब्ला गसंबाय थायो खामिहारा फानजारिया 1सेमि बाङो आरो खांग्रांनाथानाय फावआव 6 सेमि। Anteroposterior displacement is greater than lateral displacement. एन्तारपस्तेरियर जायगा सोलायनाया मिरुनिफ्रायबिथिङारि जायगासोलायनायनिख्रै मोजांसिन। While breathing to the maximum volume (deep breath) the rib circumference increases by 8cm, the anteroposterior diameter by 3cm, and lateral diameter by 1.5cm. जेब्ला बांसिन बिबांसिम हांलायो(गोथौ हां) खामिहारा सोरगिदिंसिमाया 8 सेमि बारायो, एन्तारपस्तेरियर डायेमितारा 3 सेमि आरो मिरुनिफ्रायबिथिङारि डायेमितारा 1.5 सेमि। The maximum diaphragmatic expansion is 10cm. जालामायारि बांसिन बारायनाया 10 सेमि। The linear displacement of diaphragm accounts for approximately two third of changes in the lung volume. जालामा हिसाबनि गोथों जायगासोलायनाया संफ्ल बिबाङाव सोलायनायनि फ्राय थामबाहागोनि नै। Two forces oppose the changes in the lung volume. संफ्ल बिबाङाव सोलायनायखौ मोननै गोहोआ हेंथाहोयो। The first one is the elastic property which determines the dispensability of lung and thorax. गिबि मोनसेआ बोलिनाय दोहोन जाय संफ्ल आरो मोदोमगेजेरबाहागोनि गोनांथिगैयैथिखौ थि खालामो। The second one is the resistance of the airways developed in common pulmonary diseases due to bronchial muscle constriction, with muscle Congestion and Hyper secretion. नैथि मोनसेया मोदोमगेहेन सुंनाय आरो बांद्राय सिगारनायजों ब्रनसियेल मोदोम गेहेन सेबनायनि थाखाय एखे संफ्लखहाखालामनाय बेरामफोराव जौगाजानाय बारलामाफोरनि होबथानाय। Then the head travels slowly down in the direction of the arms and after the nose has reached the floor level, the chin and the chest are brought to the same level. बेनिउनाव खर’आ आखानथिफोर बिथिंआव लासैयै हानथिलाङो आरो गनथङा मैजा थाखोखौ सहैनायनि उनाव खौखाब आरो जेरबाया एखे थाखोआव लाबोजायो। In the presence of bronchial disease, the increased resistance of distal airways lowers the pressure in proximal airways, so they are more easily compressed. ब्रनसियेल बेरामनि नुजाथिनायाव गुदिनिफ्रायगोजाननि बारलामानि बांहोजानाय हेंथाया खाथिनि बारलामानि नारसिननायखौ खमायसिनो, बेनिखायनो बेफोरो गोरलैयैनो खमायहोनोहानाय। Thus an increased airway resistance, even closure, is readily produced by overactive expiratory efforts. बेबादिनो दोंसे बांहोजानाय बारलामा हेंथाया अदेबानि बन्दखालामनाया गोरलैयैनो बांद्रायमावथि हांहगारनाय नाजानायजों दिहुनजायो। Less forceful expiration may force more air. खम नारसिननाय हांहगारनाया बांसिन बार नारसिननो हागौ। The oxygen consumption of respiratory muscles increases over ten times in respiratory diseases due to extra force put in by the muscle. हांलानाय-हगारनाय मोदोमगेहेननि अक्सिजेन आजावनाया हांलानाय-हगारनाय बेरामफोराव मोदोमगेहेनजों उफ्रा गोहो सोनायनि थाखाय मोनजि गुन बारा बाङो। Any exercise which attempts to produce higher minute volume are jeopardised. जायखिजाया ब्याम जाय बांसिन मिनिट बिबां दिहुननो नाजायो बेफोरो खैफोदावखोख्लैथाव। This is because the extra oxygen (O2) absorbed might, at least theoretically, be consumed by expiratory muscles in their increased effort. बेयो उफ्रा अक्सिजेन सोबख’नायनि थाखाय जानो हागौ,खमैब्लाबो बुंफुरलुवारियै हांलानाय-हगारनाय मोदोमगेहेनजों बेफोरनि नाजानायाव आजावजानांगौ। Tissue destruction reduces the elastic property of the lung tissue. मोदोमरोदाबेजे जोबस्रांनाया संफ्ल मोदोमरोदाबेजेनि बोलिनाय समफथिखौ खमायो। The tendency of the chest wall to distend leads to hyper-ventilation of the lungs. जेरबा इनजुरनि देरखांनो लुबैनाया संफ्लनि बांद्राय बारथांलाय-फैलायराहायाव सोलायहोयो। The mechanical or microbial threat to airways are dealt with in part by the secretion of the muscle and by cough reflex mediated by Vague nerve. बारलामानो दाजेमारि एबा माइक्रबियेल सिगिनायफोरा मोदोमगेहेननि सिगारनायजों खोनदोआव आरो रोखानङै रोदाजों गेजेरारिजाजानाय गुजुनाय रिफिखांनायजों खामानि मावो। A simple lung function test may be prescribed. मोनसे गोरलै संफ्लनि खामानिनि आनजादखालामनो गनायथिहोनो हागौ। Take a deep breath in, at the starting position and breathe out slowly during the movement. जागायनाय थाथिराव मोनसे गोलाव हां बो आरो मावथायनि समाव लासैयै हांहगार। The lung function test enables the physician to know whether there is an obstruction to the air flow, but not whether the patient has lung cancer. बार गलांनायाव मोनसे हेंथा दंना गैया फाहामगिरिफोरा मिथिनो थाखाय संफ्लनि खामानिनि आनजादा फाहामगिरिखौ हानाय खालामो नाथाय बेरामिया संफ्लनि केन्सार दंना गैया बेनङा। Vital Capacity is the amount of air expelled by maximum voluntary effort. जिवगोहो लानोहानायगोहोआ बांसिन गावगोसोआरि नाजानायजों होखारहरजानाय बारनि बिबां। In a normal person about 3/4 of air in the lungs is expelled in the first second and within 3 seconds all of it is expelled out. सासे गोगो मानसिनाव संफ्लआव बारनि फ्राय ¾ आ गिबि सेकेन्डाव होखारहरजायो आरो 3 सेकेन्डनि गेजेराव बेनि गासैखौबौ बायजोआव होखारहरजायो। In a diseased lung there may be obstruction in the air passage. बेरामजानाय संफ्ल मोनसेआव बार थांलाय-फैलायाव हेंथा जानो हागौ। Therefore, the amount of air expelled in the first second will be much less. बेनिखायनो गिबि सेकेन्डाव बार हगारनायनि बिबाङा जोबोर खम जागोन। If the air expelled in one second is as much as 70% of the tidal volume, the lung under scrutiny will be normal. से सेकेन्डाव बार हगारनाया जुदि फैलासमारि बिबांनि 70% नि बांसिन जायो आनजादाव थानाय संफ्लआ गोगो जागोन। If it is less than this, it will be due to obstruction in the airway passage. जुदि बेनिख्रै खम बेयो बारथांलाय-फैलाय बारलामायाव हेंथानि थाखाय जागोन। This test should be repeated after a few weeks to measure if there is noticeable improvement. जुदि मेगनावनांथाव जौगानायदं सफथाखननैसोनि उनाव सुनानायनो थाखाय बे आनजादखौ खालामफिननांगौ। The maximum expiratory flow can be measured by a peak flow meter. बांसिन हांलानाय-हगारनाय गनायखौ मोनसे थिखिनि गनाय मिटारजों सुनो हायो। This portable instrument directly measures the peak flow rate which is otherwise reduced when there is obstruction of the airways. बे लाबथिंनोहानाय जनथ्रआ थिखिनि गनाय हारखौ थोंजोङै सुयो गुबुनफारसे जाय खमायजायो जेब्ला बारलामायाव हेंथा थायो। This is a difficult exercise and to make it easy the hands can be placed on a higher level than that of the feet. बेयो गोब्राब बियाम आरो बेखौ गोरलै खालामनो आखायफोरखौ बै आथिंनिख्रुय गोजौसिन थाखोआव दोननो हानांगौ। In asthma as the lungs usually remain quite normal, few patients ultimately develop emphysema. हांनालाबेरामाव संफ्लआ सरासनस्रायै आबुं गोगोयै थायो, माखासे बेरामिफोरा जोबथायाव एम्फिजिमा जाहैयो। In bronchitis there is hypertrophy of mucous glands in the trachea and bronchi with high proportion of goblet cell which produces excessive mucus that obstructs the passage. ब्रंकायतिसाव गबलेत सेलनि गोबां रुजुथायजों हांलामा आरो ब्रंकायनि गुंग्राय ग्लेण्डफोर दं जाय बांद्राय गुंग्राय सोमजिहोयो जाय बारलांथायखौ होबथायो। In bronchial diseases there may be obstruction with or without infection leading to more severe consequences or abscess formation. ब्रंकायतिसारि बेरामफोराव बांसिन गोब्राब गोहोमफोर एबा लैखोन दाथायसिम दैदेननाय सनदेरग्रा गोनां एबा गैयालासे होबथानाय थानो हागौ। The sufferers of asthma and bronchitis should be given a simple programme of exercise. एजमा आरो ब्रंकायतिसाव भुगिग्राफोरा बियामनि मोनसे गोरलै हाबाफारि होजांनांगौ। By exercising the breasts, they can be made firm, bigger and round. आबुफोरखौ बियामखालामनानै बिफोरखौ गोमजोर, देरसिन आरो दुलुर खालामनो हायो। A beautiful woman creates the impression of beauty by her physique, good posture, brightness in her eyes, fresh skin colour and the way she carries her body. सासे समायना आयजोआ बिनि देहामहर, मोजां फावफेसन, बिनि मेगननि गोजोंथि, थाजिम बिगुर गाब आरो बियो बिनि देहा जोथोन लानाय लामाजों बिनि समायनानि गोहोमथिखौ दायो। In modern life, man thinks he is working hard. गोदान जिवाव, मानसिया सानोदि बियो गोब्राब खामानिमानगासिनो दं। Yes he does so but often without involving much physical activity. नंगौ बियो बिदि मावो नाथाय गलेगले गोबां देहायारि मावथाय थिसनफायालासे। All kinds of modern conveniences make for a less energetic existence. गासै रोखोमनि गोदान खाबजाथावजिरादफोरा खम गोहोगोनां थाथिरनि थाखाय बानायजायो। In fact, new gadgets and conveniences have brought about a sudden change in man's habits. थाराव, गोदान आयजेंफोर आरो खाबजाथावजिरादफोरा मानसिनि हुदायाव फ्राय हरखाब सोलायनाय लाबोबाय। This is a good exercise to strengthen your arms, chest and back. बेयो नोंनि आखानथिफोर, जेरबा आरो उनखौ गोख्रोंखालामनायनि मोनसे मोजां बियाम। Man was used to cutting wood, carry water and live under primitive conditions. मानसिया दमफां दाननो, दै रोगानो आरो गोजाम थासारिफोरनि सिङाव जिवखुंनो लादोंमोन। Physical labour was involved in every step. देहायारि खामानया मोनफ्रोमबो थाखोआव थिसनजाफादोंमोन। A body used to hard work will not enjoy doing sedentary work all of a sudden. गोब्राब खामानिमावनो लानाय देहाया हरखाबै दिदोम खामानि मावनानै रंजानाय नङा। Sedentary habits put an unnatural pressure on the body. दिदोम हुदाफोरा देहायाव सरासनस्रा नङै नारसिनथाय होयो। It is then that we are prone to nervous breakdown, insomnia, headaches and nervous ailments. अब्ला जों बै गोसोलोरबां बायग्लिनाय, इनसमनिया, खरसानाय आरो स्नायु लोमजानायाव लायगङो। Exercises are as important as eating and sleeping. बियामफोरा जानाय आरो उनदुनायजों समान गोनां। Businessmen who have taken to walking or golf are finding a wonderful release for their tension. फालांगिफोर जाय थाबायनाय एबा ग्लफखौ लाबाय गावसोरनि सिनथानि थाखाय गोमोथाव हगारनाय नागिरगासिनो दं। If you do not have the time to take care of your most valuable possession - your body - then you will have plenty of time for getting strapped to the sick bed and for planning slowly for your funeral. जुदि नोंहा नोंनि बांसिन बेसेनगोनां दखलावथानाय- नोंनि देहाखौ जोथोन लानो सम गैया होमबा बेरामि एमआव रैखाथिनो जानो आरो नोंनि सारादुनि थाखाय लासैयै बिथांखिनायनि थाखाय नों गोबां सम मोनगोन। If you look after the body well you will be more ambitious, determined and energetic. जुदि नों देहाखौ मोजाङै नायो, नों बांसिन लुबैसुला, गोहोमगोनां आरो गोहोगोनां जागोन। A car needs an oil change, a regular supply of petrol and water and regular tuning. गंसे गारिआ थाव सोलायथाय, नेमबादि पेट्रलनि होथाय आरो दै आरो नेमबादि खामानिगोरोबथाय गोनांजायो। Raise the head, breathe in deeply and breathe out slowly as you go down. खर’खौ दैखां, गोथौवै हांला आरो जेब्ला गाहायाव थाङो लासैयै हां हगार। Breathe out as you come down. जेब्ला नों गाहायाव फैयो हां हगार। If you want to get real benefit from bread you must eat all of the three components in the same proportion as God has provided it. जुदि नों रुतिनिफ्राय आसोल मुलामफाखौ मोननो लुबैयो, गसाया बेखौ जगायबाय हिसाबै नों एखे रुजुथायाव गासै मोनथामबो थादेरसाफोरखौ जाथारनांगोन। Hold your breath while coming back to the starting position. जागायनाय थाथायसिम फैफिननाय समाव नोंनि हांखौ हमथा। Raise the left knee as high as possible, holding the leg with the hands, just below the knee and the shin. आगसि हानथुखौ हानाय सेबां गोजौ दैखां, थिक हानथु आरो आदैनि गाहायाव आखायफोरजों आथिंखौ हम। Hold your breath while coming to the starting position. जागायनाय थाथायसिम फैनाय समाव नोंनि हांखौ हमथा। Repeat the exercise with the right knee. आगदा हानथुजों ब्यामखौ खालामफिन। It will help you strengthen the abdominal and the thigh muscles. बेयो उदैआरि आरो फेनदा मोदोम गेहेनफोरखौ गोख्रोंखालामनो नोंखौ हेफाजाब होगोन। Arms circled, Stand erect, feet about thirty centimetres apart. आखानथिफोरखौ फिदिं, थोंगोर गसं, आथिंफोरखौ थामजि सेनतिमितारफ्राम फुवार। Swing both arms in a circular motion, clockwise. फारनैबो आखानथिफोरखौ उलथायै दुलुर दोरोदथायाव फिदिं। Breathe slowly and deeply throughout. जोबजासिम लासैयै आरो गोथौवै हांला। This exercise will help you to shape your arm muscles and to lift your breasts. बे बियामा नोंनि आखानथि मोदोम गेहेनखौ महरहोनो आरो नोंनि आबुफोरखौ दैखांनो हेफाजाब होगोन। Touch the floor outside the left foot, come up a little and down again to touch the floor between the feet, and touch between the feet once more. आगसि आफाथाला बायजोजों मैजाखौ बिलिर,आथिंथोंनैनि गेजेरजों मैजाखौ बिलिरनो इसे गोजौफारसे फै आरो गाहायफारसे आरोबाव,आरो आथिंथोंनैनि गेजेरजों आरोबाव खेबसे बिलिर। You can do the same exercise more effectively by not raising your heels. नों एखे ब्यामखौ नोंनि आफा दावदैखौ दैखाङालाबानो बांसिन जाउनगोनाङै खालामनो हायो। Lie back on a hard surface. मोनसे गोरा बिखंआव खांग्रां। Raise both the legs together without bending the knees as far as you can, and slowly try to achieve the right angle position, lowering and raising the legs slowly. नों हानाय सेबां हानथुफोरखौ फदबालाबानो मोननैबो आथिंफोरखौ जयै दैखां, आरो आथिंफोरखौ लासैयै गाहायखालामना आरो दैखांना आगदा खना थाथायखौ मोनहानो लासैयै नाजा। Breathe in while at the relaxed lying position, breathe out while lifting the legs, and hold your breath while lowering the legs. गोजोन गोलांनाय थाथायाव थानाय सामाव हांबो, आथिंफोरखौ दैखांनाय समाव हां हागार, आरो आथिंफोरखौ गाहायखालामनाय समाव नोंनि हांखौ हमथा। Keep your back as straight as possible and move to a sitting position. हानाय सेबां नोंनि बिखुंखौ थोंगोर लाखि आरो मोनसे जिरायनाय थाथायसिम दोरोदलां। Slide your hands along the legs during this movement, and finally touch the toes. बे दोरोदथायनि समाव आथिंफोरजों लोगोसे नोंनि आखायफोरखौ हायग्लाय, आरो जोबनायाव आथिं-आसिफोरखौ दां। Breathe in while lying down and breathe out while coming up and touching the toes. गोलांनाय समाव हां बो आरो सिखांनाय समाव हां हगार आरो आथिं-आसिफोरखौ दांहरनानै। Do not push yourself too hard while moving to touch the toes. आथिं-आसिफोरखौ दांहरनो दोरोदनाय समाव नों गावखौनो बांद्राय गोरायै दा नारसिन। Keep the feet on the floor, in the beginning if necessary hook them under a chair. आथिंफोरखौ मैजायाव दोन, जागायनायाव गोनांजायोब्ला बेफोरखौ गंसे मासिनि सिङाव नांथाहो। Lie on your side, leg straight, lower arm stretched over the head along the floor, top arm used for balancing. गावनि फारसे उनदु, आथिं थोंजोंखालाम, आखानथिखौ खर’ साजों मैजायाव फोलाव आखानथि साथारखौ समानथाय लाखिनो थाखाय बाहाय। Come up and touch outside the right foot. सिखां आरो आगदा आथिंनि बायजोखौ दां। Raise the upper leg as far as possible. हानायसेबां गोजौनि आथिंखौ दैखां। Gradually your leg will reach a perpendicular position to the floor. लासैयै नोंनि आथिंङा मैजायाव थोंगोर थाथायाव मोनहैगोन। Breathe out while raising the leg, hold your breath while bringing your leg down. आथिंखौ दैखांनाय समाव हां हगार, नोंनि आथिंखौ गाहायाव लाबोनाय समाव नोंनि हांखौ हमथा। This is a good exercise to reduce hips and thighs. बेयो थाफ्लिफोर आरो फेनदाफोरखौ खमायनायनि मोनसे मोजां ब्याम। Lie on your back, legs straight and together, arms stretched sideways at shoulder level. आथिंफोरखौ थोंगोर आरो जयै, फाफ्लिनि थोरफोआव आखानथिफोरखौ फारनैथिंबो फुवारनानै नोंनि बिखुंङाव गोलां। Raise the left leg to a perpendicular position, drop it across the body and try to touch the left toes with the right hand, raise the leg to a perpendicular position and return to the starting position. थोंगोर थाथायाव आगसि आथिंखौ दैखां, सोलेरनि सायाव बेखौ खोखलै आरो आगदा आखायजों आगसि आथिं-आसिफोरखौ दांहरनो नाजा, थोंगोर थाथायाव आथिंखौ दैखां आरो जागायनाय थाथायाव गिदिंलांफिन। Keep the body and legs straight throughout and shoulders touching the floor. मैजाखौ फोनांनानै जोबजासिम सोलेर आथिं आरो फाफ्लिफोरखौ थोंगोर लाखि। Breathe in while lying down and breathe out during raising the legs and taking it across. गोलांनाय समाव हांला आरो आथिंफोरखौ दैखांनाय आरो बेखौ गोजौआव लानाय समाव हां हगार। Hold your breath till you come to the starting position. जागायनाय थाथायसिम फैनायसिम नों नोंनि हांखौ हमथा। Breathe out slowly as you raise your chest and legs up, hold your breath as you bring them down. जेब्ला नों नोंनि जेरबाखौ आरो आथिंफोरखौ दैखाङो लासैयै हां हगार, जेब्ला नों बेफोरखौ गाहायाव लाबायो नोंनि हांखौ हमथा। If you cannot touch the floor, just move in that direction. जुदि नों मैजाखौ दांनो हाया, बै बिथिंआवल’ दोरोद। Excess sugar puts extra load on the pancreas to secrete more insulin and when it can't do so we get diabetes. बांद्राय सिनिया बांसिन इनसुलिन सिगारनो आमायथुखुलआव उफेरा बजा होयो आरो जेब्ला बेयो बेबादि मावनो हाया जोंहा दायबेतिस जायो। Sugar raises cholesterol level in the blood which is the main cause for high blood pressure and other diseases. सिनिया थैयाव खलेसतेरल बिबांखौ बांहोयो जाय बां थै नारसिनथाय आरो गुबुन बेरामफोरनि थाखाय गुबै जाहोन। It is easier to give up sugar than smoking and alcohol. सोबनाय आरो जौनिख्रुइ सिनिखौ नागारनो गोरलैसिन। Recent studies in the U.S.S.R, in the Institute of Preventive Cardiology, have connected refined sugar to serious problems like gout and arthritis. इउ.एस.एस.आरआव, प्रिभेनतिभ कारदिअलजि फसंथानाव बावैसोनि नायबिजिरथिफोरा गाउत आरो आरथ्रितिस बादि गोब्राब जेंनाफोराव सोदांनाय सिनिजों सोमोनदोखालामबाय। Sugar raises the level of uric acid in blood. सिनाया थैयाव इउरिक एसिदनि बिबांखौ बांहोयो। Eat poor man's food and avoid rich man's disease. निखावरि मानसिनि खाजाखौ जा आरो धोनि मानसिनि बेरामखौ नेवसि। Dr Higginson claimed that a large group of cancer common in North America, Europe and Japan had been linked to general diet. डा. हिगिनसनआ दाबिदोंमोनदि साहा आमेरिका, इउरप आरो जापानाव जाफ्लेनाय गोबां केनसारनि हानजाखौ सरासनस्रा आदारजों सोमोनदो खालामनाय जादोंमोन। He said it was suspected that cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum and breast, relatively rare in most parts of Africa and India, were connected with the amount of fat in the diet. बियो बुंदोंमोन, बेखौ सनदेहखालमनाय जादोंमोनदि रुजुथावनायै आफ्रिका आरो भारतनि बांसिन बाहागोआव जोबोर खम उदै, बिबु गेदेर, खिलामा आरो आबुनि केनसारफोरा आदाराव थानाय मेजेमनि बिबांजों लोबबा दंमोन। A comprehensive study made by the National Cancer Institute, U.S.A. (NCI) estimated that 35% of all cancers, particularly in the United States, can be associated with dietary influences. हादोरारि केनसार फसंथान(एनसिआइ), इउ.एस.एजों खालामजानाय मोनसे आबुं नायबिजिरनाया हमनालादोंमोनदि जुनियायै जथाय हादरसायाव गासै केनसारफोरनि 35%खौ आदारारि गोहोमफोरजों सोमोनदोखालामजायो। The main factor increasing colon cancer risk was too much dietary fat and too little dietary fibre. बिबु गेदेर केसार खैफोदा बांनायनि गुबै जाहोना जोबोर बांसिन आदारारि मेजेम आरो जोबोर खम आदारारि बेजेमोन। Hold your breath when you come up to the starting position. नोंनि हांखौ हमथा जेब्ला नों जागायनाय थाथायाव सिखाङो। Most Americans get 40 percent of their total calories intake from fat. बांसिन आमेरिकानफोरानो बिसोरनि गासै केलरि आजावनायनि 40 जौखोनदोखौ मेजेमनिफ्राय मोनो। The level generally recommended for prevention of cancer and heart diseases is 30% or less of calories from fat. सरासनस्रायै केनसार आरो मैखुन बेरामफोरनि होबथाथिनि थाखाय गनायथिहोजानाय बिबाङा 30% एबा मेजेमनिफ्राय खम केलरि। Fibre in diet increases the bulk of stool and speech of transit. बेजे आदारा खिनि बिबां आरो दोबथिंनायनि गोख्रैथिखौ बांहोयो। Transit time is the length of time food takes to pass through the body. लांलाय-लाबोलाय समा समनि गोलावथिखौ खाजाया देहानि गेजेरजों बारलांनो नांगौ। In western diet it may take 48 to 72 hours. सोनाबारि आदाराव बेयो 48-72 घन्ताफोर लानोहागौ। Officers in British navy and their wives had stools which ranged in weight from 38 to 223gm (two table spoon to a cup in volume). ब्रितिस नेभि मावख’गिरिफोर आरो बिसोरनि बिसिफोरनि खिफोरा 38निफ्राय 223 ग्राम (बिबाङाव कापसेयाव सामुसनै) गिलिर जायो। British vegetarians who like vegetarians from Uganda and India have stool weighting from 178 to 980 gms, the average being four times that of naval officers. ब्रितिस निरामिसफोरनि खिया, जायफोरा उगानदा आरो भारतनि निरामिसफोरखौ मोजां मोनो 178निफ्राय 980 ग्रामसिम गिलिर जायो, गरै नेभेल मावख’गिरिफोरनि ब्रै फान जायो। Bulky stool dilute carcinogens present in stool and rapid transit reduces the time of action for the carcinogens on the gut wall. बुरजा खि गलायथि कारसिनजेनफोरा खिआव थायो आरो गोख्रै दोबथिंनाया आदार नाला इनजुराव कारसिनजेनफोरनि खामानिनि थाखाय समखौ खमायो। Thus fibre in diet helps us in the prevention of cancer. बिदिनो आदारनि बेजेया केनसार होबथानायाव जोंखौ हेफाजाब होयो। Exposure of meat to high temperature as in charcoal and microwave oven help in the formation of a compound with more carcinogenic risk. गोजौ बिदुङाव बेदरखौ खुलायैदोननाया हांगार आरो माइक्रवेभ आरदाबा केनसारजाहोन जानोहाथावखाफोदजों जथाय दानायाव हेफाजाबखालामो। This exercise will strengthen your back and abdominal muscles. बे बियामा नोंनि बिखुं आरो उदैआरि मोदोम गेहेनफोरखौ गोख्रों खालामगोन। Increased use of Vitamin C may account in part for the decrease in the incidence of gastric carcinoma observed in recent years. बावैसो बोसोरफोराव नायसंनाय बादिब्ला बांनाय भितामिन सि बाहायनाया गेसत्रिक कारसिनमानि जाथायखौ खमायनायाव मोनसे बाहागो हिसाबलानो हागौ। Large amount of nitrates in certain vegetables, over fertilized, are carcinogenic to some extent. खायसे मैगंफोराव थानाय गोबां बिबांनि नायत्रेतफोर, बांद्राय हासारबाहायनाया खायसे बिबांङाव कारसिन’जेनिक। Better to fertilize the fields with organic matter and use minimum insecticides to prevent this problem. जैब’ मुवाजों फोथारफोरखौ हासारगोनां खालामनाया साबसिन आरो बे जेंनाखौ होबथानो खमथार एमफौ सिथारग्रा मुलिफोरखौ बाहाय। Aflatoxin is found in peanuts and grains stored under moist conditions. एफ्लेतक्सिनखौ बादामफोर आरो सिदोब थासारियाव बुथुमना दोननाय ग्रेइनफोराव मोननायजायो। There is a lot of faddism regarding diet. आदारनि सोमोनदै गोबां फेसनफोर दं। Big industries promoting different food products claim them to be holistic and will give you energy and vitality, make you more attractive and reverse the process of disease. गेदेर दारिमिनफोरा बायदि खाजा दिहुनथायफोर जौगाहोगासिनो दं,बेफोरखौ आबुङारि आरो नोंखौ गोहो आरो जिवगोहो होगोन,नोंखो बांसिन मुहिनां खालामो आरो बेरामनि फारिखानथिखौ उलथाफारसेफिदिङो होनना दाबिखालामो। They invent every day indigenous methods to defraud the masses. बिसोरो सानफ्रोमबो सुबुंफोरखौ सोमोहोनो थागिबियारि आदबफोर दिहुनो। The food industry is more concerned with gratifying the taste buds and making profits than looking after their customer's health. खाजा दारिमिनफोरा बिसोरनि बायगिरिफोरनि सावस्रिनि जोथोन लानायनिख्रै सवाद जाखांहोनाय रंजाहोनायजोंसो बांसिन लोबबागोनां। Fast food joints are opening up in major towns in India. गोख्रै आदार मिरुफोरा भारतनि गाहाय सोहोरफोराव खुलिजागासिनो दं। They provide pizzas, hamburger, ice creams and milk shakes. बिसोरो पिजाफोर, हामबारगार, आइस क्रिमफोर आरो गायखेर स्नेकफोर जगायो। Stand erect, feet about thirty centimetres apart, left arm extended over head, bent at the elbow. थोंगोर गसं, आथिंफोरखौ थामजि सेनतिमितार फुवार, आगसि आखायखौ खर’नि सायाव फुवार, खिलाखुनथिखौ फदब। These are high calorie foods loaded with lots of fat and sugar and lacking in fibres. बेफोरो गोबां मेजेम आरो सिनिजों बजागोनां आरो बेजेफोराव आंखाल बां केलरिगोनां आदार। Cabbage and cauliflower have a chemical in them called indole which acts against cancer in the bowels. बान्दाकबि आरो फुलकबिफोरहा बिसोरनियाव इनदल बुंनाय रासायन थायो जाय बिबुफोराव केनसारनि हेंथायै खामानि मावो। It protects us against many diseases - from constipation to heart diseases and cancer. बेयो जोंखौ गोबां बेरामनि हेंथायै रैखाथिहोयो-खिगोराजानायनि फ्राय बिखा बेराम आरो केनसारसिम। The other type is found in indigestible cellulose - the roughage of fruits and vegetables. गुबुन रोखोमफोरखौ गोरलौयैदोगोनजायै जिबख्रिफोराव मोनो-फिथायफोर आरो मैगं-थायगंनि दोगोनजायै। Fruits and their skin, potatoes, green leaves, spinach, cabbage and cauliflower are important for our diet. फिथाय आरो बेफोरनि बिगुर, आलुफोर, गोथां बिलायफोर,स्पिनास,बानदाकबि आरो फुलकबिफोरा जोंनि खाजानि थाखाय गोनां। The fibre from cereals is an inferior fibre source. सबायहारिनि मोदोमबेजेफोरा मोनसे खमगुननि मोदोमबेजे फुंखा। The fibre in fruits, vegetables and pulses are softer and superior. फिथायफोर, मैगं-थायगंफोर आरो सबायफोरनि मोदोमबेजेआ गुरैसिन आरो मोजांसिन। Wheat fibre has no effect on the cholesterol level. गेहु मोदोमबेजेआ कलेजतेरल बिबाङाव गोहोम गैया The viscous type fibre present in fruits and vegetables in large doses produce a major reduction in cholesterol. आथागोनां रोखोमनि मोदोमबेजेफोरा फिथायफोराव आरो मैगं-थायगंफोराव गोबां बिबाङाव थानाय मुलिया कलेजतेरलआव मोनसे गाहाय खमायनाय दिहुनो। Artificial sweeteners, saccharin and cyclamates, are associated with the cancer of the bladder. बानायनाय गोदैखालामग्राफोरा, सासारिन आरो साइक्लेमेतफोरा सिथोबनि केनसारजों सोमोनदो दं। Keeping the back straight bend sideways to the right and slide your right hand along the right leg as far as possible and at the same time press to the right with left hand. बिखुंखौ थोंगोर लाखिनानै आगदा खनाथिंजाय फदब आरो हानाय सेबां आगदा आथिंजों लोगोसे नोंनि आगदा आखायखौ बाग्रिहोलां आरो एखे समावनो आगसि आखायजों आगदायाव नारसिन। Cooking practices like too much frying or too much browning of onions and masala may release hydrocarbons or other carcinogens in food although no epidemiological observations are available. जोबोर बांद्राय एवनाय एबा सामब्रामफोर आरो मसलाखौ जोबोर बांद्राय जारेंखालामनाय बायदि संनाय सरसाफोरा आदाराव हायद्रकारबनफोर एबा गुबुन कारसिन’जेनफोर दिहुननो हागौ जुदिबो जेबो इपिदेमिअलजिकेल नायबिजिरथिफोरा गैया। Colon and rectal cancer is more common in developed countries. बिबुगेदेर आरो रेकतेल केनसारा जौगानाय हादोरफोराव बांसिन सरासानस्रा। Its incidence is high in North America, New Zealand, Europe and low in South America, Africa and Asia. बेनि जाथायफोरा साहा आमेरिका, निउ जिलेन्द, इउरपआव गोबां आरो खोला आमेरिका, आफ्रिका आरो एसियाव खम। The United State has the highest rate of colonic cancer in the world. जथाय हादोरसाहा बुहुमावनो बांसिन बिबुगेदेर केनसारनि हार दं। There is a higher risk among the city folk than the rural population. गामियारि सुबुंफोरनिख्रुइ नोगोर सुबुंफोरनि गेजेराव बांसिन खैफोद दं। Diet is an important factor. आदारा मोनसे गोनां जाहोन। There is low incidence of appendicitis, adenoids (tonsilitis), diverticulosis, ulcerative collitis, and colorectal cancer in South Africa, Bantu area, where the diet contains more fibre and less animal fat. खोला आफ्रिका आरो बानतु आनसोलाव एपेनदिसितिज, एदिनइदस(तनसिलितिस), दाइभारतिकुलासिस, आलसेरितिभस कलितिस, आरो उदैसिङारि केनसारनि खम जाथाय दं जेराव खाजाफोरा बांसिन मोदोमबेजे आरो जुनारनि खम मेजेम। There is a direct association between fat and animal protein intake in the western diet and the rising incidence of colonic cancer. सोनाबारि आदाराव मेजेम आरो जुनार प्रतिन आजावनाय आरो बिबुगेदेरारि केनसार जाथाय बांनायनि गेजेराव थोंजों सोमोनदो दं। In Japan, the intake of fat (mostly unsaturated) provides only 12% of total calorie intake. जापानाव, मेजेमनि आजावनाया(बांसिनै सोबखांजायै) गासै केलरि आजावनायनि 12%खौल’ जगायो। In the United States the fat intake represents 40-44% of the total calories intake. जथाय हादोरसायाव मेजेम आजावनाया गासै केलरिफोर आजावनायनि 40-44%खौ दिनथियो। Come up a few centimetres and press to the right again. इसे सेनतिमितार सिखां आरो आगदायाव फिन नारसिन। The consumption of barbecued meat, smoked pickled fish and alcohol and deficiency of magnesium and Vitamin A are related to gastric cancer. सावनाय बेदेर, हांनाय आसार ना आरो जौ आजावनाया आरो मेगनेसियाम आरो भितामिन एनि आंखालआ गेसत्रिक केनसारजों सोमोनदोगोनां। Milk stimulates acid secretion. गायखेरा एसिद सिगारथि सोमजिहोयो। Taking milk between meals and bed time is not healthy. खाजाफोरनि गेजेराव आरो उनदुनाय समाव गायखेर आजावनाया देहागोनां नङा। Wheat husk contains pentosans which are found to be beneficial. गम बिगुरहा पेतसनफोर थायो जायफोरखौ मुलामफागोनां मोनाय जायो। So it is always useful to take whole wheat bread and avoid maida, bread, pastries and maida sweets. बेखायनो गासै गम रुतिखौ आजावनाया आरो मैदा रुति, पेसत्रिसफोर आरो मैदा मिथाइफोरखौ नेवसिनाया अरायबो मुलामफागोनां। The right kind of carbohydrates are the single most important element in the diet, they can be the cheapest kind of food, most nourishing and least fattening. थि रोखोमनि कारबहाइद्रेदफोरानो जादों आदारनि मोनसेলल’ जोबोर गोनां मुवा, बेफोरा बेसेन खमसिन आदारनि रोखोम, जोबोर पुस्तिगोनां आरो खम मेजेमगोनां जानोहागौ। Most common sources of carbohydrates are bread and rice. राकबहाइद्रेदनि जोबोर सरासनस्रा फुंखाफोरा रुति आरो ओंखाम। Bread has been used since pre-Biblical days. रुतिया आगु बायबेल सानफोरनिफ्रायनो बाहायजाबोदों। The dough is kept to ferment. डखौ फेसेवनो लाखिनाय जायो। The risen mass is baked in the oven to form bread. गोजावखांनाय मासखौ रुति बानायनो अरदाबाव हांनाय जायो। Some 80 years ago man found that if bran and germ are removed from the flour they can produce white flour which can be kept for years. इसे 80 बोसोर आगोल मानसिया मोनदोंमोनदि गुममायगाब आरो बेगरफुंखाफोरा मैदानिफ्राय बोखारजायोब्ला बेफोर गुफुर मैदा सोमजिहोनो हायो जाय बोसोरफोरनि थाखाय लाखिजानो हागौ। Its deficiency in food causes Beri Beri. आदाराव बेनि आंखाला बेरिबेरि सोमजिहोयो। Increase fibre in your diet, it has good effect in bringing down cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. नोंथांनि खाजायाव बेजे बाराय, बेहा थैयाव कलेस्तेरल आरो त्रिगलिसेरायडस खम खालामनायाव जाउन दं। Patients suffer from lack of concentration, poor memory, anaemia and even psychosis and senility. बेरामिफोरा गोसोहोनाय, खम गोसोखांथि, आमाव, आरो गोसोबेराम आरो गोसोरायिनिबो आंखालाव भुगियो। Dr Takaki, a naval doctor, studied Beri Beri which was a common occurrence in the Navy. ड ताकाकि, सासे नेभि देहाफाहामगिरिया बेरि बेरि फरायदोंमोन जाय नेभिनियाव सरासनस्रा नुजाथिनायमोन। This was a common condition after a long voyage and half the crew used to be affected by it. बेयो गोलाव दिङादावबायनायनि उनाव सरासनस्रा थासारि आरो जाहाजमावहानजा खावसेया बेजों गोहोमखोखलैजादोंमोन। Dr Takaki, after a detailed investigation, concluded that it was a dietary disease and occurred due to polished rice and lack of protein. ड° ताककिया मोनसे आबुं नायबिजिरनायनि उनाव थिखालामदोंमोनदि बेयो मोनसे आदारारि बेराममोन आरो खुनाय मायरं आरो प्रतिननि आंखालनि जाहोनाव नुजादोंमोन। On a sea voyage of 9 months he added whole wheat bread and increased the allowance of milk. 9 दानफोरनि लैथो दावबायनायाव बियो गासै मैदा रुथि दाजाबदेरदोंमोन आरो गायखेरनि होथायखौ बारायदोंमोन। He found only 9 cases of Beri Beri out of 300 crew members, whereas earlier their number was 169. बियो 300 जाहाजमावहानजा सोद्रमाफोरनि गेजेराव बेरि बेरिनि मोन 9 ल’ जाथायफोर मोनदोंमोन गुबुनफारसे आगुवाव बिसोरनि अनजिमाया 9 मोन। Beri Beri can thus be prevented and cured. बेरि बेरिया बिदिनो होबथाजानो आरो फाहामजानो हागौ। The fibre food needs more chewing and it is bulkier and so more filling and less fattening than low fibre food. बेजे आदारखौ गोबां सावग्लिनो गोनांजायो आरो बेयो गेदेर आरो बेखायनो गोबां बुंहोनाय आरो खम बेजे आदारनिख्रुय खमसिन मेजेमगोनां। Scurvy is common among the urban poor especially the elderly people whose diet lacks citrus fruits, leafy vegetables and tomatoes. स्कारभिया सोहोरारि निखावरिनि गेजेराव सरासनस्रा, साबसिनै गेदेरसिन सुबुं जायनि खाजाया सित्रा फिथायफोर, बिलायारि मैगंफोर आरो एमबुफानथावफोरनि आंखालजायो। It could be stored and sold at higher prices. बेयो गोबां बेसेनफोराव दोनजानो आरो फानजानो हादोंमोन। Deficiency occurs due to food faddism and bizarre nutritional practices. आंखाला आदार लथ्रायनाय आरो गाज्रिजानाय पुसतायुआरि सरसाफोरनि जाहोनाव नुजायो। Pressure cooking is convenient and a quick method of modern cooking. प्रेसार कुकिंआ खाबुगोनां आरो गोदान संनायनि मोनसे गोख्रै आदब। Sadly it is not that healthy, it takes away all vitamin C from the food due to high temperature. दुफुनांथावनायै एसेबां देहागोनां नङा, बेयो गासै सि भितामिनखौ गोबां बिदुंनि थाखाय आदारनिफ्राय गोजानाव लाङो। Scurvy develops in the first year of childhood when cow's milk is not supplemented by citrus fruits juice and vegetables. स्कारभिया उनदैसमनि गिबि बोसोराव जौगायो जेब्ला मोसौगायनि गायखेरा सित्रास फिथायफोर बिदै आरो मैगंफोरजों दाजाबदेरजाया। In scurvy the common complaint is general malaise, lethargy, weakness, dyspnoea and pain in the bones and joints. स्कारभियाव, सरासनस्रा अजदा जादों सरासनस्रा देहासाबजायि, लेथारजि, लोरबांथि, दिसपनिया आरो हाराफोर आरो जराफोराव सानाय। Swelling and bleeding gums are common. बुनाय आरो थैगनाय बिज्लाबफोरा सरसनसनस्रा। James Lind, a Scottish Naval surgeon, in 1747, showed the good effect of lemon and oranges on scurvy. सासे स्कतिस नेभि सारजन, जेमस लिण्डआ 1747 याव स्कारभियाव लेबु आरो खमलाफोरनि मोजां जाउनखौ दिनथिदोंमोन। Later on, the British army started supplying oranges, lemon and vegetables to their crew. उनाव, ब्रितिस सानथ्रिहानजाया बिसोरनि जाहाजमावहानजानो खमलाफोर, लेबु आरो मैगंफोर दैथायनो जागायदोंमोन। Vitamin C could cure scurvy. भितामिन सिया स्कारभि फाहामनो हायो। Today we know a little more that vitamin C is also anti cancer. दिनै जों इसे बांसिन मिथियोदि भितामिन सिया केनसार-हेंथाबो। Since then we have been using flour (maida) to make bread. अब्लाफ्रायनो जों रुथि बानायनो मैदाखौ (मैदा) बाहायबोगासिनो दं। More fruits and vegetables in your diet dilute the carcinogenic effect and help to move your bowels more efficiently. नोंनि खाजायाव गोबां फिथायफोर आरो मैगंफोरा केनसारसोमजिहोग्रा गोहोमखौ गाज्रिखालामो आरो नोंनि खुरैफोरखौ बांसिन मोजाङै बोथ्रोदनो हेफाजाबहोयो। The use of vitamin C for the treatment or prevention of common colds has aroused great interest. सरासनस्रा गुसुनि सिकितसा आरो होबथानायनि थाखाय भितामिन सिनि बाहायथिया जोबोर गोसोदुंखांहोबाय। Available evidence indicates that its use does not reduce the number of episodes of respiratory illness but does decreases the total number of the days of disability. गोबां फोरमाना दिनथियोदि बेनि बाहायनाया हांलानायारि लोमजानायनि फारिथिफोरनि अनजिमाखौ खमाया नाथाय मावनोहायिनि सानफोरनि गासै अनजिमाखौ खमायो। Sun bathing is healthful and stimulates better bony growth in children. सानदुं सायनाया गुफुं आरो उनदैसमाव मोजां बेगेङारि जौगानाय सोमजिहोयो। The main cause of rickets is lack of sunshine, fresh air and exercise. रिकेतनि गुबै जाहोना जादों सानदुं, थाजिम बार आरो बेयामनि आंखाल। Sunbathing not only helps in better growth of bones but also in preventing allergy and promotes relaxation. सानदुंसायनाया बेगेंफोरनि मोजांसिन जौगानायावल’ नङा नाथाय मानलुनाय होबथानायावबो हेफाजाबहोयो आरो सुग्लायथिखौ जौगाहोयो। Nicotinic acid deficiency causes pellagra. निकतिनिक एसिद आंखाला पेलाग्रा सोमजिहोयो। In a survey carried out among 128 cases of pellagra admitted to Udaipur mental hospital it was found that they were mainly eaters of maize. उदयपुरनि गोसो देहाफामसालियाव थिसननाय पेलाग्रानि 128 जाथायफोरनि गेजेराव मावफुंजानाय मोनसे जरिपाव मोनदोंमोनदि बिसोरो गाहायै जुखाम जाग्राफोरमोन। It occurred due to lack of a water soluble substance, Nicotinic acid, which is found in most grains, except maize and jowar. बेयो दै आवलियि जिराद, निकतिन एसिद आंखालनि जाहोनाव नुजायो जायखौ जुखाम आरो जवारनि अनगायै बांसिनै बेगरआदारफोराव मोननाय जायो। It is advisable not to take jowar or maize chapatti all the year round. जवार एबा जुखाम सापाति गासै बोसोरनाङैनो लानाङिया बोसोनहोथाव। The name of "enriched" bread was not heard till World War II. ‘साबसिन’ रुथिनि मुंखौ 2 थि मुलुग दावहासिम खोनानाय जायाखैमोन। It is better not to stick to the same pulses. एखे पालसफोराव नांथाबिया मोजांसिन। We may conclude that the simple food is better. जों थिखालामनो हागौदि गोरलै आदारा साबसिन। As we get richer, the diet tends to become inferior. जों धोनिसिन जानायनि थाखाय खाजाया खमगुननि जानो नागिरो। Rich countries suffer from more cases of high blood pressure, heart diseases, cancer and diabetes. धोनिहादोरफोरा गोजौ थै नारसिनथाय, मैखुन बेरामफोर, केनसार आरो दायबेतिसनि गोबां जाथायफोराव भुगियो। Our ancestors were healthier because they used to take unrefined food. जोंनि आबैआबौमोना गुफुंसिनमोन मानोना बिसोर सोदाङि आदार जादोंमोन। Diets for gaining or losing weight are based on the amount of calories taken into the body in food and the amount of calories used up in activity. लिरथाय खोमानाय एबा आरजिनायनि थाखाय देहायाव लानाय आदाराव केलरिफोरनि बिबां आरो मावथायफोराव बाहायगारनाय केलरिफोरनि बिबांनि सायाव सोनारो। If people take in more calories than they use up, they gain weight. जुदि मानसिफोरा बिसोर बाहायगारनायनिख्रुय बांसिन केलरियाव लायो, बिसोर लिरथाय आरजियो। Special diets are prescribed for persons suffering from certain diseases. जरखा खाजाफोरा थि बेरामफोराव भुगिनाय सुबुंफोरनि थाखाय थिनाहोनाय। Many doctors prescribe a low-salt diet for patients with certain heart or kidney diseases. गोबां देहाफाहामगिरिफोरा थि मैखुन एबा किदनि बेरामफोरनि बेरामिफोरनो खम-संख्रै खाजा नेमखानाहोयो। Some persons suffer allergic or skin reactions from certain food products such as milk, tomatoes, strawberries, wheat, potatoes, eggs, fish, nuts, chocolates or pork. खायसे सुबुंफोरा थि आदार दिहुनथायफोरनिफ्राय एलारजियारि एबा बिगुर फिनजाथायफोराव भुगियो जेरैबादि गायखेर, एमबुफानथावफोर, स्त्रबेरिफोर, गुम, आलुफोर, दावदैफोर, ना, बादामफोर, सकलेतफोर एबा अमाबेदर। Enriching consists of adding few cheap synthetic vitamins to wheat flour. गुम मैदायाव इसेल’ खमसुवाद बानायनाय भितामिनफोर दाजाबनायनि थाफादेरफोर बांहोनानै। Certain groups of people including younger children and older people have special dietary needs. उनदैसिन खुदिया आरो बैसोगोरासिन सुबुंफोखौ लाफानानै सुबुंफोरनि थि हानजाफोरा जरखा खाजायारि गोनांथिफोर दं। A balanced diet contains all the food elements needed to keep a person healthy. समानथाय खाजाया सासे सुबुंखौ गुफुं लाखिनो गोनांथिनाय गासै आदार गुदिफोरखौ लाफायो। One needs proteins to build tissues and fats and carbohydrates to provide energy and heat. सासेसुबुंनो बिदामफोर आरो मेजेमफोर दानो प्रतिनफोर आरो गोहो आरो बिदुं जगायनो कारबहायद्रेतफोर गोनांथियो। Minerals and vitamins are needed for growth and to maintain tissues and regulate body functions. बिदामफोर जौगानाय आरो सामलायनो थाखाय आरो देहा खामानिफोर सालायनो खनियारिफोर आरो भितामिनफोरा गोनां जायो। A diet that lacks any needed food element may cause deficiency diseases. मोनसे खाजा, जाय जायखिजाया गोनांथिनाय आदार गुदिमुवा आंखालजायो, आंखालारि बेरामफोर सोमजिहोनो हागौ। Lack of Vitamin A causes night blindness and lack of Vitamin C leads to scurvy. भितामिन एनि आंखाला खुख्रिखाना सोमजिहोयो आरो भितामिन सिनि आंखाला स्कारभि जाहोयो। The brunt of the side effects of these drugs after prolonged use will fall on the body. बेफोर मुलैफोरखौ गोबावसम बाहायनाय उनाव उफेरा जाउनफोरनि गोहोआ देहायाव साग्लोबगोन। To prevent diseases and bring them under control and to cut drugs to the minimum, dieting is the only means. बेरामफोर होबथानो आरो बिफोरखौ दबथायथियाव लाबोनो आरो मुलिफोर इसेसिनाव खमायनो, खाजाखमायनायाल’ राहा। Food difficult to digest should not be taken every day. हजमजानो गोब्राब आदारखौ सानफ्रोमबो लानो नाङा। When taken it should not exceed the fraction of a full meal. जेब्ला लायो बेयो मोनसे आबुं खाजानि बाहोगोखौ बांद्रायनाङा। Polishing of rice started almost at a later date but for the same reason. मायरंनि खुनायखौ फ्राय उन खालाराव नाथाय एखे जाहोननि थाखाय जागायदोंमोन। He adds that if a person takes a suitable diet and practices self control, he lives a full span of 100 years or 36,000 nights without illness. बियो बुंबावोदि जेब्ला सासे मानसिया साबजाथाव खाजा लायो आरो गाव दबथायथि सरसाखालामो, बियो 100 बोसोरफोर एबा 36,000 हरफोरनि मोनसे आबुं बुब्लि लोमजानाय गैयाजासे थांनाथायो। Ayurveda believed more in prevention of disease and prolonging life rather than in cure. आयुरबेदिकआ फाहामनायनि सोलायै बेरामनि होबथानाय आरो गोलावसम जिवखौ बांसिन फोथायदोंमोन। Patanjali who initiated yoga a few hundred years before Christ has his concern also about food. पतानजलिहा बिनि आदार सोमोनदैबो गिनाय दं जाय ख्रिस्तनि इसे जौ बोसोर आगोल जगा जागायदोंमोन। Yogis have said that food should be wholesome and should not be eaten only to gratify the senses. जगागिरिफोरा बुंबायदि आदारा सावस्रि जानांगौ आरो मोनदांथिखौल’ गोजोनहोनो जानाङा। They prescribed sattavic food to the students of yoga. बिसोर जगानि फरायसाफोरनो सताबिक आदार थिनाहोदोंमोन। They believed that character and temperament are influenced by food. बिसोर फोथायदोंमोनदि आखु आरो गोसोथासारिया आदारजों गोहोमखोखलैजायो। They advised taking pounded rice cooked in milk, and butter added to it. बिसोर गायखेराव संनाय, आरो बियाव माखन होदेरनाय देग्लिनाय मायरं जानो बोसोनहोदोंमोन। Yogis further say that only water can quench thirst. जगागिरिफोरा आरोबाव बुङोदि दैयाल’ गांनायखौ गोजोनहोनो हायो। Three things are important in the maintenance of health - diet, exercise and relaxation. देहा जोथोनलानायाव मोनथाम जिराफोरा गोनांथार- खाजा, बियाम आरो जिरायनाय। Food should be good to look at and it should have a nice flavour. आदारा नायनो मोजां जांनांगौ आरो बिहा मोनसे मोजां थावनाय थानांगौ। If you strip off rice from bran, it looks clean and whiter. नों मायगाबनिफ्राय मायरं सौब्ला, बेखौ साफा आरो गुफुरसिन नुयो। Digestion starts as soon as the eyes see the food and the smell reaches the nostrils, then saliva is secreted. मेगनफोरा आदारखौ नुनाय लोगोलोगो हजमा जागायो आरो मोदोमनाया गनथंदनदरफोरखौ सहैयो, उनाव खुदै गयो। We should make food simple but at the same time we must use our imagination to make it inviting and appetising. आदारखौ जों गोरलै खालामनांगौ नाथाय एखे समावनो जों बिखौ गोसोबोथाव आरो उखैनायगोनां खालामनो जोंनि सानबोलावरिखौ बाहायथारनांगौ। It is better to inculcate healthy habits in our children. जोंनि खुदियाफोरनियाव मोजां हुदाफोर बोसोनहोफ्लेनाया मोजां। As soon as you know that a particular food is affecting your health, be prepared to change it. मोनसे थि आदारा नोंथांनि देहायाव गोहोमखोखलैगासिनो दं मिथिनाय लोगोलोगो, बेखौ सोलायनो थियारि जा। You will need a strong mind and a will to do it. बेखौ मावनो नोंथांनो गोख्रों गोसो आरो गोहो नांगोन। Diet is a field where desired amount of research has not been done. खाजाया मोनसे फोथार जेराव बिजिरसंनायनि गोनांजानाय बिबाङा मावजायाखै। With the arrival of incurable diseases like cancer and Aids, our concern to prevent them is more sincere. केनसार, एइडस बादि फाहामजायि बेरामफोर सफैनायजों, बिफोरखौ होबथानो जोंनि गोसोहोनाया बांसिन गोनां। Recently a lot of studies have been made among different populations of the world. दाबावैसो बुहुमनि रोखोमरोखोम सुबुंअनजिमाफोरनि गेजेराव माखासे नायबिजिरथिफोर खालामनाय जाबाय। Where diseases are more prevalent, starling facts regarding diet have become a matter of common concern. जेराव बेरामफोरा बांसिन गादबग्रा, खाजाजों सोमोनदोगोनां मोनदांथिफोरा सरासनस्रा गिनायनि मोनसे आयदा जाबाय। In the beginning of the century, American diet consisted 50% calories from carbohydrates, 30% calories from proteins and 20% calories from fats. जौथायनि जागायनायाव आमेरिकायारि खाजाफोरा कारबहायद्रेतफोरनिफ्राय 50% केलरिफोर, प्रतिनफोरनिफ्राय 30% केलरिफोर आरो मेजेमफोरनिफ्राय 20% केलरिफोर थाफानायमोन। It can be stored for years unspoiled by germs. बेखौ गाज्रिखालामालासे बेगरफोरै बोसोरफोरनि थाखाय दोननो हायो। With affluence, national dairies are churning out a lot of butter, cheese and milk. धोनजों हारिमायारि गायखेरदिहुनग्राफोरा गोबां माखन, गायखेरदाखा आरो गायखेर दिहुनगासिनो दं। The amount of fat in an average American's diet has reached an astounding figure of up to 44% of the total calories. आमेरिकानि मोनसे गर खाजायाव मेजेमनि बिबाङा गासै केलरिफोरनि 44% सिमनि मोनसे गोमोथाव दाथाय सहैबाय। Food has come to mean a few glasses of milk shakes and big chunk of beef steak. आदारा गायखेर मुवाफोरनि इसे गिलासफोर आरो मोसौबेदर सिथानि गेदेर मोदोमखौ ओंथि फोरमायबाय। High amount of cholesterol in American diet has led to an alarming increase in heart disease and strokes. आमेरिकायारि खाजायाव कलेसतेरलनि गोबां बिबाङा मैखुन बेराम आरो स्त्रकफोराव मोनसे गिनाय बांनाय सोमजिहोबाय। When food is taken in excess of what the body needs for energy, growth and repair, it gets deposited in parts of the body as fat. आदारा गोहो, जौगानाय आरो फाहामनायनि थाखाय देहानो मा नांगौ बेनि बांसिन लाजायोब्ला बेयो मेजेम महरै देहानि बाहागोफोराव दोनथुमजायो। The high density lipoproteins are good for the heart. बां रोजाथिगोनां लिप’प्रतिनफोरआ मैखुननि थाखाय मोजां। Quite a few Americans are turning to vegetarianism and many salad parlours have opened up. माखासे आमरिकायारिफोरा आमिजआरियाव गिदिंफिनगासिनो दं आरो गोबां सालाद जिरायसालिफोरा बेखेवजाबाय। They are getting more conscious of health and are eating a lot of greens and vegetables. बिसोर देहानि बांसिन सांग्रां जागासिनो दं आरो गोबां गोथांफोर आरो मैगंफोर जागासिनो दं। Saturated fat primarily is of animal origin and is found in ghee, butter, egg and meat. सोबखांजानाय मेजेमा गाहायै जुनारनि सोमजिथाय आरो घिव, माखन, दावदै आरो बेदराव मोनो। This narrowing is called atherosclerosis which is responsible for heart diseases and high blood pressure. बे फिसाखालामनायखौ एथेरसक्लेरसिस बुङो जाय मैखुन बेरामफोर आरो गोजौ थै नारसिनथायनि जाहोन। Bran is one of the richest sources of vitamin B-Complex. मायगाबा भितामिन बि-कमप्लेक्सनि दोहोनि फुंखाफोरनि मोनसे। There is another type of fat called unsaturated fat (found in many but not all vegetable oils). सोबखांजायि मेजेम बुंनाय मेजेमनि गुबुन रोखोम दं (गोबां मैगं थावफोराव मोनो नाथाय गासैयावबो नङा) In other words, if you cook with sunflower or soya bean oil, instead of lard or ghee, you will be less susceptible to atherosclerosis. गुबुन सोदोबाव, नोंथाङा अमामेजेम एबा घिवनि सोलायै सानबिबार एबा सया बिन थावजों सङोब्ला नोंथाङा एथेरसक्लेरसिसआव खम गोहोमखोख्लैजाथाव जागोन। If you tend to take a lot of unsaturated fat as the Japanese do, the blood will become thinner and the bleeding time will tend to increase. नोंथाङा जापानिसफोरा मावनायबादि गोबां सोबखांजायि मेजेम लानो नागिरोब्ला, थैया गोबासिन जागोन आरो थैगनाय समा बारायनो नागिरगोन। It would be pertinent to mention that the Japanese have a low incidence of heart disease but a high incidence of strokes (cerebrovascular) diseases. बेयो मखनो गोनां जागोनदि जापानिसफोरा मैखुन बेरामनि खम जाब्रथाय दं नाथाय स्त्रक (सेरेब्रभाक्कुलार) बेरामफोरनि गोबां जाब्रथायफोर दं। The great danger is that many people assume that unsaturated fat consumption is healthy. गेदेर गिनो गोनाङा बेदि गोबां मानसिफोरा गनायोदि सोबखांजायि मेजेम जानाया गुफुं। A recent Norwegian study on likely ways of reducing heart diseases came to the conclusion that the best way to minimise the risk is to cut down on all fats saturated or unsaturated. मैखुन बेरामफोर खमायनायनि जानोहाथाव राहाफोराव दाबावैनि सासे नरवेआरि बिजिरनाया थियाव फैदोंमोनदि खैफोदगोनांखौ खमायनायनि साबसिनथार लामाया जादों सोबखांजानाय एबा सोबखांजायि गासै मेजेमफोर खमायनाय। The average level of cholesterol in American adult male is 230mgm per 100cc and in rural Japan it is 160 mgm per 100 cc. कलेस्तेरलनि गर थाखोआ आमेरिकायारि बैसोगोरा हौवानियाव मोनफा 100सि.सि आव 230 मि.ग्रा. आरो गामियारि जापानाव बेयो 160 मि.ग्रा.। Heart diseases are more in the U.S.A. than in Japan. मैखुन बेरामफोरा जापाननिख्रुय इव.एस.ए याव बांसिन। Strict vegetarian diet contains less cholesterol. गोख्रों आमिजारि खाजाया खम कलेस्तेरल थाफादेरो। For non-vegetarians mixed diet is ideal. निर-आमिसफोरनि थाखाय गलायगथाय खाजाया नेरसोनगोनां। By judicious dieting cholesterol can be brought down by 15%. नेमबादि खाजाखमायनानै कलेस्तेरलखौ 5% सिम खम खालामनो हायो। Ayurveda stresses the importance of breast milk. आयुरबेदिकबिदआ आबु गायखेरनि गोनांथि होयो। If you adjust well to the "no breakfast" plan, it may do wonders to your system. Then you can try to improve the dinner and lunch requirements. जुदि नों ‘फुंखाजा गैया’ बिथांखिजों मोजां गोरोबनो हायो, बेयो नोंनि बिखानथियाव गोमोनाय खालामनो हागौ। अब्ला नों सानजौफुखाजा आरो हरखाजानि गोनांथिफोरखौ जौगाहोनो नाजानो हायो। If a person consumes 110 grams of sugar per day, he has 5 times more risk of a heart attack than a person consuming only 60g. सासे सुबुङा सानफायाव 0 ग्रामफोर सिनि जायोब्ला बिहा सासे 60 ग्रा. ल’ जाग्रा सुबुंनिख्रुय 5 खेब बांसिन मैखुन गाग्लोबथिनि खैफोद दं। He advises to cut down on sweets and alcohol to bring down triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood. बिथाङा थैयाव त्रिगलिसेरायडस आरो कलेस्तेरल खम खालामनो गोदैफोर आरो निसाखौ खमायनो बोसोनहोयो। Soviet and American scientists have come together to advise that the more you cut down your daily sugar intake the healthier the heart and body will be. सभियेत आरो आमेरिकायारि बिगियानगिरिफोरा बोसोनहोनो ज जाबायदि नोंथाङा जेसेबां नोंथांनि सानफ्रोमनि सिनि लानायखौ खमायगोन मैखुन आरो देहाया गुफुंसिन जागासिनो थागोन। Sugar which makes our life sweeter in fact makes it bitter and compels us to fall ill and live on borrowed time. सिनिया जाय जोंनि जिवखौ गोदैसिन खालामो थारैब्ला बिखौ गोखासिन खालामो आरो जोंखौ बेरामाव गोग्लैनो आरो दानदिसेयारि सम जिवखुंथारनांगौ खालामो। Eminent Soviet cardiologist Dr N.G. Khaltayevr, disputes the popular belief that sugar is harmful to the heart, only if it increases body weight. मुंदांखा सभियेत कारडियलजिस्त ड° एन.जि. खालतेबारआ मुंदांखा फोथायनायखौ बिदानथेयोदि सिनिया देहा लिरथायखौ बारायब्लाल’ मैखुनाव खहागोनां। Sugar is carbohydrate, full of calories devoid of vitamin, mineral and fibres. सिनिया कारबहायड्रेत, भितामिननि आंखाल केलरिफोरनि आबुं, खनि आरो बेजे। Whatever sugar we eat should be burnt up to produce energy, and if they can't be they will produce health problems. जों जानाय जिखुनु सिनिखौ गोहो सोमजिहोनो आवलिहोनांगौ, आरो बिसोर हायाब्ला बेफोर देहा जेंनाफोर सोमजिहोगोन। They selected 10 countries which consume more sugar and 10 countries which consume less sugar. बिसोर मोन 10 हादोरफोर जायफोर गोबां सिनि जायो आरो मोन 10 हादोरफोर जायफोर खम सिनि जायोखौ सायखदोंमोन। They found that countries which consume the least amount of sugar have the least number of heart problems. बिसोर मोनदोंमोनदि हादोरफोरहा जायफोर खमसिनथार बिबांनि सिनि जायो, खमसिनथार अनजिमानि मैखुन जेंनाफोर दं। A further 10% can be brought down by restricting fats in the diet. खाजायाव मेजेमफोर होबथानानै आरोबाव 10% खम खालामनो हायो। The eyes become brighter and more youthful and sight improves by fasting. लगनथानानै मेगनफोरा गोजोंसिन आरो बांसिन जौमोन जायो आरो नुथाय जौगायो। The kidney and the liver function better after a fast. किडनि आरो मैखुन खामानिया लगननि उनाव साबसिन। If you are suffering from a severe liver and kidney ailment, better be careful. As these organs help in the excretion of body's morbid matter during a fast, their load of work increases. नोंथाङा गोब्राब मैखुन आरो किडनि बेरामाव भुगिगासिनो दंब्ला, सांग्रां जानाया साबसिन। जेरैनो बेफोर अंगफोरा लगननि समाव देहानि बेरामि मुवानि सिगारनायाव मददहोयो, बिसोरनि खामानिनि बिबाना बाङो। The skin becomes fresh and youthful. बिगुरा थाजिम आरो जौमोन जायो। Wrinkles, blotches, decolouration and pimples disappear during fasting. सिब्रबफोर, खथ्राखथ्रि, फुरगेवगेव आरो सालमायफोरा लगननि समाव गोमायो। At the initial stage of a fast, the pulse rate may rise. लगननि जागायनाय बुब्लियाव, बिखामावनाय हारआ बांनो हागौ। Slowly it comes down and settles at approx. 40 beats per minute. लासैयै बेयो खम जायो आरो मोनफा मिनिताव फ्राय 40 मावथाफोराव थाथिरो। It rises again to about 60 beats at the end of the fast. बियो लगननि जोबनायाव 60 फ्राम मावथायफोरसिम फिन बाङो। The pulse rate may come down even as low as 20 beats per minute. बिखामावथाय हारआ मोनफा मिनिताव 20 मावथायफोर गाहायसिमबोसो फैनो हागौ। If the pulse rate remains either too low or too high for a long period, it is the call for breaking the fast. जदि बिखआमावथाय हारआ गोबाव समनि थाखाय जोबोर गोजौ नङाब्ला जोबोर गाहायाव थायो, बेयो लगनखौ सिफायनो हांख्रायनाय। It has been estimated that if the above restrictions are observed, reduction by two fold in the risk of heart diseases is possible. बेखौ हमनालानाय जाबायदि गोजौनि हेंथाफोरा नायजायोब्ला, मैखुन बेरामफोरनि खैफोदआव नै फान खमायनाया जानोहाथाव। Those suffering from a heart condition may notice that the variation in their pulse rate is much more and it can become erratic. बिखा थासारियाव भुगिनाय बैसोर नुनो हागौदि बिसोरनि बिखामावथाय हारा बांसिनबाव आरो हमनोहायि जानो हागौ। If it remains erratic for a long time the patient should discontinue fasting. जदि बेयो गोबाव समनि थाखाय हमनोहायियै थायो, बेरामिया लगनखौ दोनथनांगौ। Many are afraid of fasting. गोबाङा लगनखौ गियो। They have the notion that if they fast they will become weak and will be moving closer to the grave. बिसोरहा फोथायनाय दंदि जदि बिसोर लगनथायो बिसोर लोरबां जागोन आरो खैफोदसिम थांगासिनोथागोन। They link fasting with starving. बिसोर लगनथानायखौ आदारआंखालजों सोमोनदोखालामो। It takes a lot of will power. बेयो गोबां मावनोहानाय गोहो लायो। We also read about people trapped in house crashes, surviving without food or water for many days of this ordeal. जों न’ बायनायफोराव सुबुंफोरा खैफोदमोगामोगिजानाय, गोबां सानफोरनि थाखाय आदार एबा दै गैयालासे थांनाथानाय बे गोब्राबथिनि सोमोनदैबो फरायो। Those who die they do so not of starvation but some other different causes including shock or fear. बैसोर जाय थैयो बिसोर उखैहाबनायनि थाखाय बिदि मावा नाथाय गोमोहाबनाय आरो गिनायखौ लाफानानै खायसे गुबुन रोखोमरोखोम जाहोनफोरनि थाखाय। Men lost in the desert or trapped in a ship wreck die usually of thirst and not of starvation. हौवाफोरा बालाहामायाव गोमानाय एबा मोनसे जाहास बायख्रेबनाय थैनायाव मोगामोगिजानाया सरासनस्रायै गांनायजों आरो उखैहाबनायजों नङा। Those lost in the polar region are likely to die of extreme cold and not the lack of food as it is erroneously believed. बैसोर मिरु ओनसोलाव गोमानायफोरा बांद्राय गुसुनि थाखाय थैनो हाथाव आरो गोरोनथियै फोथायनायबादि आदारनि आंखालाव नङा। High pressure publicity in the media makes one believe that baby food is good and even better then breast milk. रादाबबिजोङाव गोजौ नारसिनथाय फोस्रावदिंआ मोनसे फोथायनाय खालामोदि खुदिया आदारा मोजां आरो बबेखानि आबु गायखेरनिख्रुय साबसिन। In the mines, for instance, the workers are usually exposed to poisonous gases or foul air which brings about their ultimate end. खनिगुदुंफोराव, बिदिनथिबादियै, मावग्राफोरा सरासनस्रायै बिसगोनां गेसफोर एबा गाज्रि बाराव उदांजायो जाय बिसोरनि जोबथि जोबनायखौ लाबो। In famine conditions in some countries of Asia and Africa, people do not get adequate food. एसिया आरो आफ्रिकानि खायसे हादोरफोराव आंखाल थासारिफोराव, सुबुंफोरा थोजासे आदार मोना। If a well fed and healthy animal is starved to death the length of time it takes to reach its doom will depend on the condition of its body and the stored fat. जुदि मासे मोजाङै जाहोजानाय आरो गुफुं जुनारा गोबाव सम रसानांनानै थैयो, बिनि जोबस्रांनायखौ सहैनो लानाया बिनि देहा आरो दोनथुमनाय मेजेमनि सायाव सोनारगोन। It has been noticed that he loses almost half the body weight before dying. बेखौ नुबोगासिनो दंदि बियो थैनायनि आगोल खावसेफ्राम मोदोम लिरथायखौ खोमायो। In a few instances he may lose as much as 60% of his body weight. खम बिदिनथिफोराव, बियो बिनि मोदोम लिरथायनि 60% सेबां खोमानो हागौ। However, he can recover completely, if fed. थेवबो, जाहोजायोब्ला, बियो आबुङै सुफुंफिननो हायो। A healthy man with an average weight will lose almost half his body weight before death by starvation. गर लिरथायनि सासे गुफुं मानसिया रसानांनानै थैनायनि आगोल बिनि खावसेफ्राम मोदोम लिरथायखौ खोमागोन। A human being would lose almost one pound each day while fasting. सासे मानसि हारिया जेब्ला लगनथायो सानफ्रोमबो से पाउण्डफ्राम खोमागोन। Now, suppose we have a therapeutic fast in the same person for 30 days, he will lose almost 1/5th of his weight and he is quite safe. दा, हमनाला जोंहा 30 सानफोरनि थाखाय एखे मानसिनियाव थेरापियारि लगन दं, बियो बिनि लिरथायनि 1/5 फ्राम खोमागोन आरो बियो थारैनो रैखा। It has been seen that during fasting a man loses almost one pound per day in the first week, three to four pounds in the following week, and for the fifth week onwards only 1-2 pounds weekly. बेखौ नुबोगासिनो दंदि लगननि समाव सासे मानसिया गिबि हाबथायाव मोनफा सानाव से पाउण्डफ्राम खोमायो, उननि हाबथायाव थामनिफ्राय ब्रै पाउण्डफोरसिम, आरो बाथि हाबथा सिगांफारसेफोराव हाबथाफ्रोमबो 1-2 ल’। After the hue and cry of the medical men and scientists some restrictions have been put on such advertising and an effort has been made to tell people that breast milk is better than baby food. मुलिबिगियान मानसिफोर आरो बिगियानगिरिफोरनि दावरावदावसिनि उनाव, खायसे हेंथाफोरखौ खायसे फोस्रावदिंफोराव होनाय जाबाय आरो मानसिफोरनो बुंनो नाजानाय जाबायदि आबु गायखेरा खुदिया आदारनिख्रुय साबसिन। We can conclude therefore that overweighing persons can undergo longer fasts much safely than those who are slim. बेखायनो जों थिखालामनो हायोदि बांलिरथायगोनां मानसिफोरा, जाय रानथेंफोर बैसोरनिख्रुय गोलावसिन लगन बांसिन रैखाथियै लानो हायो। Slimmer persons need not subject themselves to fasts, they can take a shorter fasting period and if needed repeat it after about three months. रानथेंसिन मानसिफोरा गावसोरखौनो लगनथानो लानायनि गोनांथि गैया, बिसोर मोनसे सुंदसिन सम लगनथानाय लानो हायो आरो गोनांथि जायोब्ला थाम दानफ्रामनि गेजेराव बिखौ फिनखालामफिन। A fast lasting a few days will clean the elementary canal and free it from the circulation or morbid matter. इसेल’ सानफोरनि थाखाय थावरिनाय लगना गाहाय रोदालामाफोरखौ साफसिखोन खालामगोन आरो बिखौ खारसारथिंनाय एबा गाज्रि जिरादफोरनिफ्राय उदांखालामगोन। This will itself lead to an initial appreciable loss in weight. बेयो गावनो लिरथाय खहाजानायाव मोनसे बाखनायथाव जागायनाय दैदेनगोन। It could be 2-5 pounds a day in the beginning. बेयो जागायनायाव सानफायाव 2-5 पाउण्डफोर जानो हागौ। This reduction would include the loss of water which is caused due to the stopping of the daily intake of common salt. बे खमायनाया दैनि खहाजानायखौबो लाफानो हागौ जाय सानफ्रोमबोनि सरसनस्रा संख्रि लानायखौ बन्दखालामनायनि जाहोनाव सोमजिनो हागौ। This creates the illusion that the weight is lost quickly in the first few days of the fast. बेयो नंखायफोथायनाय दायोदि लगननि गिबि इसेल’थार सानफोराव लिरथाया गोख्रैनो गोमायो। But that part of the body which is not fat will be regained when normal eating is resumed. नाथाय मोदोमनि मेजेम नङि बै बाहागोआ मोनफिनजागोन जेब्ला सरासनस्रा जानाया जागायजाफिनो। The real reduction is due to the consumption of body fat as fuel during fasting. गुबै खमायनाया लगननि समाव मोदोमनि मेजेमखौ खाममुवा महरै फोजोबनायनि थाखाय। A pound of body fat is equal to 3000 calories. मोदोम मेजेमनि मोनसे पाउण्डआ 3000 केलरिफोरजों समान। It is compulsory to write on every tin of baby food that breast milk is superior to baby food. खुदिया आदारनि मोनफ्रोम थेमायाव लिरनो बाय्धदि आबु गायखेरा खुदिया आदारनिख्रुय साबसिनगुननि। During fasting the actual weight loss is little more than these figures because some non-fatty tissues are also lost. लगननि समाव, गुबै लिरथाय खाहाखालामनाया बेफोर दाथायफोरनिख्रुय इसे बारा, मानोना खायसे मेजेम-नङि बिदामफोराबो खहाजायो। During a rigorous, full fasting period, the muscles, blood, liver and other vital organs lose weight, but, surprisingly, not the brain. मोनसे गोख्रों सम, आबुं लगन समाव, मोदोमगेहेनफोर, थै, बिखा आरो गुबुन मैखोम अंगफोरा लिरथाय खोमायो, नाथाय, गोमोथावनायै मेलेमा खओमाया। The average man doing a moderate amount of exercise and not engaged in heavy physical labour loses about a pound a day. इसे बिबांनि बियाम खालामनाय आरो गोब्राब देहायारि खामानियाव मुखुबथायि गर सुबुङा सानफायाव से पाउण्डफ्राम खहाखालामो। The loss of phosphorus is negligible at the beginning and at the end of the 21st day of the fasting experience as well. लगनथानाय रोंमोनदांथिनि 21 थि साननि जागायनाय आरो जोबनायावबो फसफरासनि खहाजानाया नेवसिथाव। The loss of potassium was nearly three times at the beginning than at the end of the 21st day of fasting. लगनथानायनि 21थि सान जोबनायनिख्रुय जागायनायाव पतासियामनि खहजानाया फान थाम फ्राममोन। The sodium which is always in excess than required by the body because of our habits and the custom of adding a good measure of common salt (sodium chloride) to our food gets secreted out heavily during fasting. सदियामा, जाय जोंनि आदाराव सरासनस्रा संख्रै (सडियाम क्लराइड) नि मोजां बिबां दाजाबदेरनायनि जोंनि हुदाफोर आरो नेमफोरनि जाहोनाव देहायाव नांनायनिख्रुय जेब्लाबो बांद्राय, लगननि समाव गोबाङै सिगारहोजायो। We can see that the sodium extracted from the body in the beginning of the fast is almost 30 times than that lost on the 21st day. जों नुनो हायोदि लगननि जागायनायाव देहानिफ्राय बोखारजानाय सडियामा बै 21थि सानफोराव खहाजानायनिख्रु 30 फानफ्राम। Fasting calls for a strong mind and a proper atmosphere. लगना गोख्रों गोसो आरो मोनसे मोजां बारहावा लाबोयो। If you have friends around you to encourage you while on fast then it becomes easy. जेब्ला लगनाव नोंहा नोंखौ थुलुंगाहोनो नोंनि सोरगिदिं लोगोफोर दं अब्ला बेयो गोरलै जायो। During fasting, you become mentally weak due to increasing weakness. लगननि समाव लोरबांथि बांनायनि थाखाय नों गोसोआरियै लोरबां जायो। It has been proved beyond doubt in reputed Indian and International medical journals that breast milk is the best. गनायजानाय भारतारि आरो मुलुगहादरारि मुलिबिगियान लायसिफोराव गोनोगोथोनि उनावनो फोरमान जाबायदि आबु गायखेरानो साबसिनथार। To continue fasting you have to keep your eyes on a set target. लगनखौ खालामबायथानो नों नोंनि मेगनफोरखौ मोनसे थि थांखियाव लाखिनांगौ। You have to remind yourself about the many benefits that are going to come your way, health-wise at the end of the fast. सावस्रि-बादियै लगननि जोबनायाव नों गावनो नोंनि लामायाव फैनो गोनां गोबां मुलामफाफोरनि सोमोनदै गोसोखांनांगौ। During fasting you don't lose strength quickly. लगननि समाव नों थाबै गोहो खोमाया। For the first 2-3 days you can easily do your routine work. गिबि 2-3 सानफोरनि थाखाय नों गोरलैयैनो नोंनि नेमफारिनि खामानिखौ मावनो हायो। If your work is not strenuous, you can continue doing so, for a few days more. नोंनि खामानिया गोहोनि नङाब्ला, नों बिदि मावनायखौ इसेबाव सानफोरनि थाखाय खालामबायथानो हायो। If you are fasting while suffering from cold, fever or diarrhoea, you must take complete rest for a quicker response. नों जेब्ला गोजांनाय, लोमजानाय एबा डायेरियायाव भुगिनायाव लगनथागासिनो थायोब्ला नों गोख्रैसिन फिथायनि थाखाय आबुं जिरायनाय लाथारनांगोन। Acute disease calls for immediate fasting and fast even if you are thin because it will need 3-4 days of fasting only. गोब्राब बेरामा हरखाब लगनथानायखौ गोनांथियो आरो नों रानथेंब्लाबो लगनथा मानोना 3-4 सानफोरल’ लगनथानायनि गोनांजागोन। If you have chronic diseases, fast only after a good preparation. नोंहा गोब्राब बेरामफोर दंब्ला मोनसे मोजां थियारिनि उनावल’ लगनथा। People who are bodily strong can go for a longer fast for one, two or even three weeks. मानसिफोरा जाय देहायारियै गोख्रों से, नै एबा थाम हाबथाफोरनि थाखायब्लाबो गोलाव सम लगननि थाखाय थांनो हायो। Do not venture into a long fast, if you have not fasted before. नों आगोलाव लगन थायाखैब्ला, गोलाव लगनसिम दा आवगाय। Breast fed children have fewer allergies and illnesses. आबु दौजानाय खुदियाफोरा इसेल’थार एलारजिफोर आरो लोमजानायफोर दं। For the beginners I would recommend Dr. Dewey's "no breakfast" plan. जागायगिरिफोरनि थाखाय, आं ड˚ डेवेनि ‘फुंखाजा गैया’ बिथांखिखौ गनायथिगोन। This method was popular in the U .S .A. इउ.एस.ए याव बे बिखानथिया मुंदांखामोन। Dr. Dewey asked his patients to stop taking breakfast. ड˚ डेवेया बिनि बेरामिफोरखौ फुंखाजा लानायखौ दोनथनो बिथोनहोदोंमोन। Give rest to your digestive system till lunch time. नोंनि दोगोनगोनां बिखानथिखौ सानजौफुखाजा समसिम जिरन हो। But a word of caution, don't overeat at brunch. नाथाय सामोलनि मोनसे सोदोब, ब्रानसाव बांद्राय दाजा। If you eat 25 or 50 percent more after missing breakfast the whole purpose will be lost. जुदि नों फुंखाजा खोमानायनि उनाव 25 एबा 50 जौखोनदो बांसिन जायो, गासै थांखियानो खहाजागोन। Dr. Dewey's observation was that in spite of the fact that different doctors give different medicines to their patients; the percentage of cures remains the same. डेवेनि नोजोरा बे थार जाथायनि सोलायै बैमोनदि गुबुनगुबुन देहाफाहमगिरिफोरा बिसोरनि बेरामिफोरनो गुबुनगुबुन मुलैफोर होयो; फाहामनायनि जौखोनदोआ समानै थायो। He concluded that medicine hardly played any role in curing diseases. बियो थिखालामदोंमोनदि मुलैया बेरामफोर फाहामनायाव जायखिजाया बिबान खमै बाहागोलादोंमोन। He happened to examine a poor young girl patient. बियो सासे गोरिब लायमोन हिनजावसा बेरामिखौ आनजादनायनो मोनदोंमोन। Due to her pain she could not even digest water. बिनि सानायनि थाखाय बियो दैबोसो हजमखालामनो हायाखैमोन। The antibodies from the mother's blood are transferred to babies through breast milk. बांप्रतिनफोरा बिमानि थैनिफ्राय आबु गायखेरनि गेजेरजों खुदियाफोरनिसिम बारस्लायो। Being poor she could not afford medicines. गोरिब जानानै बियो मुलैफोर राहाखालामनो हायाखैमोन। On her own, after a few days of fast she was able to retain water. बियो गावनियावनो, लगननि इसे सानफोर उनाव बियो दैखौ लाफिननोहानाय जादोंमोन। Gradually she started gaining strength. लासैलासै बियो गोख्रोंथि आरजिनो जागायदोंमोन। Her skin became clear and the tongue clean and red. बिनि बिगुरा रोखा आरो सालाया साबसिखोन आरो गोजा जादोंमोन। On the 35th day she asked for food and that was retained too. 35 थि सानाव बियो खाजा बिदोंमोन आरो बैयो लाजादोंमोनबो। Her fever was gone, her pulse rate became normal and in a few days she was healthier than before. बिनि लोमजानाया जोबदोंमोन, बिनि बिखामावथाय हारा सरासनस्रा जादोंमोन आरो इसेल’ सानफोरावनो बियो आगोलनिख्रुय गुफुंसिन जादोंमोन। Dr. Dewey was amazed because he knew that if this girl had been forcibly fed and given medicine, she would have died. ड° डेवेया गोमोदोंमोन मानोना बियो मिथिदोंमोनदि जुदि बि हिनजावसाया नारसिनथाबनानै जाहोजायामोन आरो मुलै होजायोमोनब्ला, बियो थैगौमोन। Dr. Dewey believed in giving minimum drugs to his patients, like a simple pain killer if the pain was too much or a purgative if the patient had no motion. सानाया जोबोर बारामोनब्ला मोनसे गोरलै सानाय बुथारग्रा एबा बेरामिया खारथाय गैयामोनब्ला जुलाबमुलै बादि ड° डेवेया बिनि बेरामिफोरनो खमसिन मुलैफोर होनायखौ फोथायदोंमोन। As food he would suggest a little boiled rice water or porridge. आदार महरै बियो इसे रुनाय ओंखाम दै एबा पाय’खौ बोसोनहोगोन। He did not prescribe milk. बियो गायखेरखौ बिथोहोयाखैमोन। Have smaller quantities and at the main meals have salads and green vegetables. खम बिबांफोर जा आरो गाहाय खाजाफोराव सालाडफोर आरो गोथां मैगंफोर जा। Though its origin is lost in the midst of time, the custom of going on fast has played a crucial role in the practice of major religions. समनि गेजेराव बिनि गुबैथिया गोमादोंब्लाबो, लगन थागासिनोथानायनि आसारखानथिया गाहाय धोरोमफोरनि सरसायाव गोनां बिफाव लाबाय। During small illness like cold, flu, diarrhoea or mild pain, go on a short fast. गगामोननाय, इनफ्लुयेनजा, डायेहरिया एबा खम सानाय बादि फिसा लोमजानाय समाव मोनसे सुंद’ लगन था। In ancient religions, fasting had been related to the desire to keep gods friendly, or to improve food supply. गोजाम धोरोमफोराव, लगनथानाया गसायखौ आंगोयै लाखिनो गोनांथियाव एबा, खाजा दैथायनायखौ जौगाहोनो सोमोनदोखालामजाबाय। Religious groups, through fasting, seek pardon for their misdeeds and sins. धोरोमारि हानजाफोरा लगनथानायनि गेजेरजों बिसोरनि गोरोनथिमावथायफोर आरो फाफफोरनि थाखाय निमाहा नागिरो। A fast in some religions is undertaken during mourning. खायसे धोरोमफोराव लगनथानायआ दुखुजानाय समाव नाजावजायो। In others, people believe that fasting will lift their minds away from physical things and produce a state of spiritual joy and happiness. गुबुनफोराव, सुबुंफोरा फोथायोदि लगनथानाया बिसोरनि गोसोफोरखौ देहायारि जिरादनिफ्राय गोजानाव लांगोन आरो जिवमायारि रंजानाय आरो गोजोननि फोरमायथि सोमजिहोयो। There are important days of fasting in Hinduism, Islam, Christianity or Jainism to mention a few. हिनदुधोरोम, इसलाम, ख्रिस्तान एबा जैनधोरोमारियाव लगनथानायनि गोनां सानफोर इसे मख’नो दं। Jewish law orders a yearly fast on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. इहुदि आइनआ उद्रायनायानि सान, यम किपुराव बोसोरारि लगन बिथोनो। Christians have some food during the fasting days. ख्रिस्तानफोरहा लगनथानाय-सानफोर समाव खायसे खाजाफोर दं। Buddhists and Hindus fast regularly, particularly during religious occasions. बौद्धधोरोमारि आरो हिनदुफोरा नेमबादियै लगनथायो, जर’खायै धोरोमारि बुब्लिफोर समाव। Mahatma Gandhi used fasting, both as a penance and as a political weapon of protest. महात्मा-गानधिया उद्रायनाय आरो बिग्रायनायनि राजखानथियारि हाथियार मोननैबो महरै लगनथानायखौ बाहायदोंमोन। This will prepare you to go on a 3 day's fast and get used to the idea of fasting. बेयो नोंखौ 3 साननि लगन थागासिनो थानो थियारिखालामगोन आरो लगननि सानदांथिखौ बाहायहोगोन। Scientists have studied the effects of fasting on the body. बिगियानगिरिफोरा देहायाव लगनथानायानि जाउहोनखौ बिजिरबाय। They know that the intake of food affects the body by increasing its metabolism. बिसोर मिथियोदि आदारनि जानाया बिनि रसायनफिनजाथायखौ बारायनानै देहाखौ गोहोमखोख्लैयो। After fasting, metabolism can become as much as 22 per cent lower than the normal rate. लगनथानाय उनाव, रसायनफिनजाथाया सरसनस्रा हारनिख्रुय हानायमानि जौखोनदो खम जानो हायो। But research has also shown that after long periods of fasting, the body tends to adjust itself by lowering the rate of metabolism by itself. नाथाय बिजिरसंनाया दिनथिबायदि लगननि गोबाव समफोरनि उनाव, देहाया गावनो रसायनफिनजाथायनि हारखौ खमायनानै गावनोगाव गोरोबनो नाजायो। After fasting, a person should gradually resume eating. लगनथानायनि उनाव, सासे मानसिया जानायखौ लासैलासै जागायफिननांगौ। Religious groups believe that a fast promotes self-control and strengthens the will. धोरोमारि हानजाफोरा फोथायोदि लगनआ गाव-हमथानायखौ जौगाहोयो आरो गोहोखौ गोख्रोंखालामो। He did it sitting in the same posture. बियो बेखौ एखे थाथायाव जिरायनानै मावदोंमोन। The bones were used as weapons by Asuras. बेगेंफोरा असुरफोरजों हाथियारफोर महरै बाहायजादोंमोन। Needles to say, they won the battle. बुंनांगौ गोनांथिगैया, बिसोर दावहाखौ देरहादोंमोन। This is only one of the many mythical stories. बेयो गोबां सोरजिसल’वारि सल’फोरनि मोनसेल’। The body will get rid of smaller quantities of morbid matter during these small fasts; you will not have violent reactions as it may occur in long fasts. बेफोर फिसा लगनफोरनि समाव देहाया बेराम मुवाफोरनि इसे बिबांफोर सिगारगोन; बेयो गोलाव लगनाव ओंखारनाय महरै नों गोख्रों फिनजाथाय मोननाय नङा। The description of many long fasts and meditation has been given in the Bhagwat Gita and Ramayana. गोबां गोलाव लगनफोर आरो धियाननि बेंफोरथिया भागवत-गिता आरो रामायणआव होजाबाय। Fasting has helped in achieving longevity. लगनआ गोलावसम मोनफुंनायाव हेफाजाबहोबाय। It can store energy which helps to improve health, carry on daily rituals with zeal and achieve greater goals. बेयो गोहो दोनथुमनो हायो जाय सावस्रिखौ जौगाहोनो, थुलुंगाखांनाय आरो देरसिन थांखिफोरखौ मोनफुंनायजों सानफ्रोम आसारखानथिफोरखौ सोलिहोगासिनो थानो हेफाजाबहोयो। Not long ago, an Irish leader Bobby Sands died after 66 days of hunger strike in the Belfast jail, in Northern Ireland. गोबावसम जायाखै, सासे आइरिस दैदेनगिरि बबि साण्डसआ साहा-आयारलेण्डनि बेलफास्त-जोबसालियाव उखैहाब-बिग्रायनायनि 66 सानफोर उनाव थैदोंमोन। Bobby Sands, who was then 27, spent one third of his life in jail. बबि-साण्डसआ, जाय बैसमाव 27 मोन, बिनि जिवनि थाम बाहागोनि सेखौनो जोबसालियाव हगारदोंमोन। The fast was carried out by this intrepid young man under the observant eyes of the jail authorities. लगनआ बि गिनोरोङि लायमोन-मानसिजों जोबसालि-खुंथायगोहोफोरनि नायसुला मेगनफोरनि सिङाव मावफुंजादोंमोन। A doctor used to visit him every day. सासे दाकतरआ सानफ्रोमबो बिखौ नायहैनो लादोंमोन। Prior to his death every day a bulletin on his health was issued to the Press describing in detail his condition. बिनि थैनायनि आगोल सानफ्रोमबो बिनि सावस्रिनि सायाव मोनसे रादाबआ बिनि थासारिखौ थख’थख’ बेंफोरनानै साफायसालिसिम दैथायहरजायोमोन। Fast 'unto death' has become fashionable. 'थैनायसिम' लगनआ देलायथाव जाबाय। It is a weapon in the hands of leaders who press for their demands. बेयो दैदेनगिरिफोरनि आखायाव मोनफा हाथियार जाय बिसोरनि दाबिफोरनि थाखाय नारसिनो। When you get acquainted better with fast and its benefits, you will understand the body and how it will react during fasting. जेब्ला नों लगन आरो बिनि मुलामफाजों साबसिन नखरारि जायो, देहा आरो लगननि समाव बेयो माबोरै फिनहोयोखौ नों बुजिगोन। In religion, fasting is an old practice. धोरोमाव, लगनथानाया मोनसे गोजाम सरसा। Religious leaders knew the advantages of fasting for health and incorporated in such a way that this should become a part of their mundane existence. धोरोमारि दैदेनगिरिफोरा देहानि थाखाय लगनथानायनि मुलामफाफोरखौ मिथिदोंमोन आरो बिदि मोनसे लामाजों लाफादोंमोनदि बेयो बिसोरनि सानफ्रोम थाथायनि मोनफा बाहागो जानांगौ। In a way, fasting was prevalent in the pre-historic period. मोनसे लामायाव, जारिमिन-गिबि समाव लगनथानाया सरासनस्राथारमोन। Our ancestors lived in the jungle. जोंनि आबैआबौमोनआ हाग्रामायाव जिवखुंदोंमोन। They had to depend for food on herbs and fruits or animals. बिसोर आदारनि थाखाय मुलैदमफांफोर आरो फिथाइसामथायफोर एबा जुनारफोरनि सायाव सोनारनांदोंमोन। They had to remain hungry for days on end. बिसोर जोबनोगैयि सान उखैहाबनाय थानांदोंमोन। Probably this was the reason they were fit and in the best of health. जानोहाथावनायै बेयो बिसोर आरजाथावमोन आरो सावस्रिनि साबसिनथारावमोननि जाहोनमोन। This was essential to live in jungle conditions and be fit for hunting. हाग्रामा-थासारिफोराव जिवखुंनो आरो मैहुरनि थाखाय आरजाथाव जानो बेयो गोनांथारमोन। They could survive, only if they were fit. बिसोर आरजाथावमोनब्लाल’ बिसोर थांनाथानो हादोंमोन। We have a natural instinct, an appetite and a call for food by the body when required. जोंहा मोनसे मिथिंगायारि जोनोमारिआखु, उखैनाय आरो जेब्ला गोनांजायो देहाजों आदारनि लुबैनाय दं। You may then be prepared for a much longer fast. बेनिउनाव नों बांसिन गोलाव लगननि थाखाय थियारिखालामजानो हागौ। With the addition of condiments and frying, we make the food suitable for our taste and we tend to overeat. बाथोनफोर आरो एवनायफोरनि दाजाबदेरथिजों, जों आदारखौ जोंनि थावनायनि थाखाय गोथाव खालामो आरो जों बांद्रायजानो नाजायो। We eat too frequently and so we don't know what "real" appetite is. जों जोबोर गलेगले जायो आरो बेखायनो "गुबै" उखैनाया मा जों बेखौ मिथिया। Gradually we lose the natural instinct of the body i.e. appetite, the call of body for food when it requires it. लासैलासै जों देहानि मिथिंगायारि जोनोमारिआखुखौ खोमायो बेजादों उखैनाय, जेब्ला बेखौ गोनांजायो देहाया आदारनि थाखाय नागिरनाय। Fasting has been described as avoiding all eatables, except water. लगनथानायखौ दैनि अनगायै गासै जाथावफोरखौनो नेवसिनाय महरै बेंफोरनाय जाबाय। As appetite is an instinct in man, it is so in animals too. उखैनाया मानसिनियाव मोनसे जोनोमारिआखु महरै, बेयो जुनारफोरनियावबो बिदिनो। An animal stops eating when it is sick and has no appetite. मासे जुनारआ जानायखौ दोनथयो जेब्ला बियो बेरामि आरो उखैनाय गैया। The silver salmon fasts for weeks while swimming upstream for hundreds of miles in search of spawning fish eggs. रुफागाब-सेलमनफोरा हाबथाफोरनि थाखाय लगनथायो जेब्ला दैयावदैनाय ना-बिदैफोर नागिरनानै उलथादाहारजों जौजौ माइलफोर सानस्रियो। The queen ant eats nothing until the eggs are hatched. बिदैफोरा गफायजायागौमानि राणी-मोस्रोमआ जेबो जाया। Many insects and animals abstain from food during hibernation. गोबां एमफौएनलाफोर आरो जुनारफोरा आजिरानि समाव आदारनिफ्राय जानगारो। Hippocrates, the father of medicine, recommended fasting to many of his patients. मुलैबिगियाननि बिफा, हायपक्रेतसआ बिनि बेरामिफोरनि गोबांनो लगनथानायखौ बिबुंथिदोंमोन। I have found that people have addiction for a certain type of food. आं मोनबायदि सुबुंफोरहा खायसे रोखोमनि खाजानि थाखाय निसा दं। He said "when you feed the sick, you feed the disease", On the other hand if you withhold food, disease ebbs away. बियो बुंदोंमोन, "जेब्ला नों बेरामिनो जाहोयो नों बेरामखौ जाहोयो", गुबुन फारसे नों जुदि आदारखौ नेवसियो, बेरामआ जानगारो। Many great men of history and science fasted. जारिमिन आरो बिगियाननि गोबां गेदेमा मानसिफोरा लगनथादोंमोन। Socrates and Plato fasted for 10 days to attain mental and physical fitness. सक्रेतिस आरो प्लेतआ गोसोआरि आरो देहायारि आरजाथाय मोननो 10 सानफोरनि थाखाय लगनथादोंमोन। Jesus fasted for 40 days in the mountain and thus could not be tempted by the devil. जिसुवा हाजोआव 40 सानफोरनि थाखाय लगनथादोंमोन आरो बिदिनो गाज्रिजों गोहोमखोख्लैजानो हायाखैमोन। Moses fasted and prayed for many days in the mountains. मसेसआ हाजोआव गोबां सानफोरनि थाखाय लगनथादोंमोन आरो आरजगाबदोंमोन। Gandhiji did many fasts lasting 21 days. गान्धीजिया 21 सानफोर जोरनाय गोबां लगनफोर खालामदोंमोन। Pythagoras fasted for 40 days before taking the examination at the University of Alexandria. पाइथागरासआ आलेकजेनद्रियानि बुहुमफरायसालिमायाव आनजादखौ लानायनि आगोल 40 सानफोरनि थाखाय लगनथादोंमोन। Mohammad and Buddha fasted for many days. महम्मद आरो बुद्धआ गोबां सानफोरनि थाखाय लगनथादोंमोन। In Germany at Bad Pyrmont in Buchinger Sanatorium 70,000 juice fasts were conducted for a period of 48 years. जारमानाव बुसिंगार-सेनेतरियामनि बेड-पिरमन्तआव 70,000 बिदै-ब्रतफोरा 48 बोसोर समनि थाखाय मावफुंजादोंमोन। At natural Hygiene resorts Dr. Albert Burton conducted thousands of fasts. मिथिंगायारि-सावस्रि-रिसरतआव ड° एलबारड-बुरतनआ रोजारोजा लगनफोर मावफुंदोंमोन। Unless they eat the same stimulating food that they have been taking all along and have become accustomed, they will not feel satisfied. बिसोर गासै समाव जाबोगासिनो थानाय एखे गोसोदुंखांहोनाय खाजाखौ जायागौमानि आरो हुदा जायागौमानि, बिसोर गोजोन मोननाय नङा। Great Paracelsus once said "fasting is the greatest physician within". गेदेमा पेरासेलसासआ खनसे बुंदोंमोन "लगनथानाया इसिङाव देरसिनथार देहाफाहामगिरि"। Arab physician Avicenna prescribed fasting for 3-5 weeks. आरब-देहाफाहामगिरि आभिचेननाया लगनथानायखौ 35 हाबथाफोरनि थाखाय बिथोनदोंमोन। Plutarch said "instead of using medicine, better fast a day". प्लुतारसआ बुंदोंमोन "मुलै बाहायनायनि सोलायै, सानसे लगनथानाया साबसिन"। In Germany, Dr. Adolph Mayor said "fasting is the most efficient means of correcting any disease". जारमानाव, ड° एडलफ मायरआ बुंदोंमोन "लगनथानाया जायखिजाया बेरामखौ फोसाबनायनि जोबोर गोहोमगोनां राहालामा"। Experimenters, Dr. Carlson and Dr. Kunde of Department of Physiology, University of Chicago, kept a 30-year-old man on a 14-day fast. बिजिरसंगिरिफोर, सिकाग’ बुहुमफरायसालिमानि देहाबिगियान बिफाननि ड° कारलसन आरो ड° कुण्डेया सासे 30 बोसोर बैसोनि मानसिखौ 14 सान लगनाव लाखिदोंमोन। They found that at the end of the fast his tissues were in the physiological condition as that of a 17 year old youth. बिसोर मोनदोंमोनदि लगननि जोबनायाव बिनि तिसुफोरा बै 17 बोसोर बैसो-लायमोननि बादि देहाबिगियानारि थासारियावमोन। Dr. Kunde said that, during the fast, the weight came down by 45%. ड° कुण्डेया बुंदोंमोनदि, लगननि समाव लिरथायआ 45% खमायदोंमोन। On 18th may, 1933 when Gandhiji was on his 10th day of fasting, he was examined by his physicians. 18 थि मे, 1933 आव जेब्ला गान्धीजिया बिनि लगननि 10थि सानावमोन, बियो बिनि देहाफाहामगिरिफोरजों आनजादनायजादोंमोन। One of them commenting on Gandhiji's health said "from the physiological point of view the Indian leader was as healthy as a man of forty". गान्धीजिनि देहानि सायाव बिबुंथिनानै बिसोरनि सासेया बुंदोंमोन "देहाबिगियानारि नोजोरनि बिथिंनिफ्राय भारतारि दैदेनगिरिया सासे ब्रैजिबैसोनि मानसि बादि गुफुंमोन"। The total loss of weight was nearly 38lbs from the original body weight of 157 lbs. लिरथायनि गासै खमायनाया 157 एलबिनि गुबै देहा लिरथायनिफ्राय 38 एलबि फ्राममोन। When you miss a meal, the craving for food becomes great. जेब्ला नों मोनसे खाजा नागारो, खाजानि उखैनाया गोबां जायो। Dr. Vithal Das Modi, a pioneer of nature cure in India, has supervised 35,000 fasts in his hospital Arogya Mandir, At Gorakhpur, during 48 years of his work. - भिथल-डास-मदिया गरकपुराव बिनि आराग्य मनदिर देहाफालामसालियाव, बिनि खामानिनि 48 बोसोरफोरनि गेजेराव 35,000 लगनफोर नायगिदिंथिंबाय। He has undertaken a fast for 40 days and written a diary of this fast published in Hindi Up was se labh (Benefit of fasting). हिनदि उपबास से लाभ (लगनथानायनि मुलामफा) आव फोसावनाय बियो 40 सानफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे लगन नाजावबाय आरो गांसे सानरेब लिरबाय। It is not correct to think that a person becomes frail and weak with fasting. बेखौ साननाया थार नङादि सासे मानसिया लगनथानायजों थिरगैयि आरो लोरबां जायो। During fasting the senses become acute. लगनथानाय समाव मोनदांथिफोरा गोख्रों जायो। Even a little smell of food can assail your nostrils. आदारनि इसेल’ मोनामनायाबोसो नोंनि गनथंगुदुंखौ गाग्लोबनो हायो। During a fast, a person can see better, hear better and think better. लगननि समाव, सासे मानसिया साबसिन नुनो, साबसिन खोनानो आरो साबसिन साननो हायो। The taste buds on the tongue become extra sensitive after the fast. लगननि उनाव सालायाव थावनाय-मोनदांथिग्राफोरा उफेरा थदगोनां जायो। Even simple food tastes good. गोरलै खाजाखौबोसो मोजां थावनायमोनो। You may sleep less, during the fast. लगननि समाव नों खम उनदुनो हागौ। But if you have been suffering from insomnia you are likely to have better sleep, for as many as 20 hours a day. नाथाय नों जुदि निनगैयियाव भुगिबोगासिनो दं नों सानफायाव 20 घनता सेबां साबसिन उनदुनाय मोननो हागौ। Like an addict whose drug has been withheld you will get withdrawal symptoms. सासे सर’गोनांबादि जायनि मुलैया खमायजाबाय, नों खमायनाय लैखोनफोर मोनगोन। Fasting helps the heart, arteries and blood. लगनथानाया जेरबा, बिखाथैदोफोर आरो थैखौ हेफाजाबहोयो। The cholesterol level in the blood goes down. थैयाव खलेसतेरल थाखोआ खमायो। Fasting helps to bring down the low density lipoproteins in the blood which are bad for the heart and raise the high density lipoproteins which are good for the heart. लगनथानाया थैयाव खम रोजाथि लिपप्रतिनफोरखौ खमायनो हेफाजाबहोयो जायफोरा जेरबानि थाखाय गाज्रि आरो गोबां रोजाथि लिपप्रतिनफोरखौ बांहोयो जायफोर जेरबानि थाखाय मोजां। Blood engorgement in the blood vessels is reduced and so is blood pressure. थै-दोफोराव थै जाहोनाया खमायजायो आरो बिदिनो थै-नारथाया। The congestion of lungs is brought down by fasting. लगनथानायजों हावफावफोरनि होंगोदोंगोआ खमायहोजायो। You can breathe in more air and much easily after a fast. लगननि उनाव नों बांसिन बार आरो बांसिन गोरलैयै हांबोनो हायो। Try to fight the urge to take food in spite of such a great upheaval inside the body. देहानि सिङाव बिदि गोबां लुबैहाबनाय थासेयावबो आदार लानायनि गोनांथिजों दवहानांनो नाजा। These symptoms will disappear slowly as the body's reserves begin nourishing the body. देहानि थिनायफोरा देहानो पुष्तिहोनो जागायनाय हिसाबै बेफोर लैखोनफोरा लासैनो गैयाजालांगोन। Do not worry; try to live on fruits for one day. जिंगा दासि; सानसेनि थाखाय फिथाइजों जिवखुंनो नाजा। Take one fruit at a time, 3 times a day. मोनसे समाव थायसे फिथाइ जा, आरो सानसेयाव 3 खनफोर जा। Stop taking food completely. आदार आजावनायखौ फुरायैबन्दखालाम। Suddenly you get the nagging feeling that your condition has deteriorated. हरखाबै नों खायसो मोनदांनाय मोनो दि नोंनि थासारिया गाज्रिसिन जाबाय। In winter, sunbathing can be enjoyed anytime of the day behind a window glass, thus avoiding bad effects of excessive ultra-violet rays. गोजां बोथोराव, खिरखि आइनानि उनथिं साननि जिखुनुजासमाव सानदुं सायनाया रंजाजायो, बिबदियै बांद्राय रोजा-फानथावगाब सानरोदाफोरनि गाज्रि जाउनफोरखौ नेवसियो। Do not panic when you reach this stage. दागिखां जेब्लानो बे थाखोआव सहैयो। Crisis is a welcome sign. आंखालामोनसे बरायनाय नेरसोन। It is the body's way of telling you that it is making an effort to throw the waste out of the body. नोंखौ बुंनायनि बेयो देहानि लामा दि बेयो देहानिफ्राय खामानिगैयैखौ गारनो नाजागासिनो दं। This is when the toxic material is diverted into the blood stream for elimination. बेयो जेब्ला बिसगोनां मुवाया बोखारनायनि थाखाय थै दाहाराव सोलाययो। The effects of crisis may result in the retention of urine, diarrhoea, headaches, vomiting, and insomnia. आंखालनि जाउनफोरा हासुदै हमथानालानाय, खिसावनाय, खर’सानायफोर, गोबानाय आरो उनदुनो हायैआव फिन होनो हागौ। It may occur due to worry or lack of sleep. बेयो सिनथा एबा उनदुनाय खमनि थाखाय मोननो हागौ। At this point of time the patient needs a lot of rest, fresh air and sunshine. बेसमाव बेरामिनो गोबां जिरायनाय, थाजिम बार आरो सानदुं नांगौ। The sunshine during fasting is tempting. उपबास-खालामनाय समावसानदुंआ लुबैथाव। It should be had for a short duration and taken in early hours of the morning or late in evening when the rays of the sun are mild. जेब्ला साननि रोदाफोरा माहि बेयो गुसुं समनि थाखायआजावजानांगौ आरो फुंनि गिबि घण्टाफोर एबा मोनाबिलियाव गोबावैनि थाखायलाजानांगौ। You may be ready to do your fast for 3 days now. दा नों सानथामनि थाखाय नोंनि उपबासखौ थियारि खालामनो हागौ। The duration of sun bathing should be gradually reduced as the fasting progresses. जेब्ला उपबासा जौगायो सानसायनायनि दिदोमथिया लासैयै खमायनांगोन। You should try to drink hot water, may add fresh lime to it. नों गुदुं दै लोंनो नाजानांगोन, बेयाव थाजिम नारें-खागजि दाजाबदेरनो हागोन। If you can have a 3 day's fast on your own, you can do so later for 7 days. नों जुदि गावनोगाव सानथाम उपबास खालामनो हायो, नों बिदिब्ला उननिखौ 7 साननि थाखाय खालामनो हागोन। Do not have a prolonged fast without the help of a good guide. मोजां दैदेनग्रानि हेफाजाब गैयाब्ला गोबाब-सम उपबास दाखालाम। You can fast, but the guide will hold your hand and take you to your goal safely. नो उपबास खालामनो हागोन, नाथाय दैदेनग्राया नोंनि आखायखौ हमगोन आरो नोंखौ नोंनि थांखियाव रैखायै लांगोन। He will give you encouragement, he will warn you about the bad spells that might occur during the fast and get you prepared to face them. बियो नोंखौ थुलुंगा होगोन, बियो नोंखौ गाज्रि मोनथोरनि बिथिङै सांग्रां खालामगोन जाय उपबासाव नुजानो हागौ आरो नोंखौ बिसोरजों नुजाथिनो थियारि खालामगोन। If you need to have a long fast gets admitted to a suitable health farm. जुदि नों गोलाव उपबास खालामनो नांगौ, आरजाथाव देहा फामुआव दोनजा। There will be many patients fasting together. बेयाव गोबां बेरामिफोर जयै उपबास खालामनाय थागोन। They act as a source of encouragement to each other. बिसोरो गावजोंगाव थुलुंगानि फुंखा बायदि फावदिनथियो। Fasting in a group is much easier. हानजायाव उपबासा गोबां गोरलैसिन। Drink plenty of water. गोबां दै लों। Gandhiji suggested taking hot water with fresh lime, salt and soda bicarbonate. गान्धीजिया गुदुं दैजों थाजिम खागजि, संख्रि आरो सदा बायकार्बनेट लानो बोसोन होदोंमोन। This will help to overcome and get relief from the crisis symptoms. बेयो देरहानो हेफाजाब होगोन आरो आंखाल लैखोनफोरनिफ्राय आराम मोनहोगोन। Some others advise taking honey along with hot water and lime, two full teaspoons thrice a day. माखासे गुबुनफोर बोसोन सानसेआव खेबथाम फुरा सामुसनैदै गुदुं आरो खागजिजों लोगोसे बेरेमोदै ला। This will provide strength and help to overcome the crisis. बेयो आंखालखौ देरहानो हेफाजाब होगोनआरो बोलो जगायगोन। During fasts, hunger will vanish after five days. उपबासाव, उखैनाया सानबानि उनाव गोमागोन। The pulse rate slows down, blood pressure decreases. मावखांनाय हारा खमायो, थै नारसिनथाया खमायो। The secretion in the stomach is reduced. उदैयाव मैलायाखमायबाय। The stomach as a routine expects food every day and it keeps on secreting gastric juices in anticipation. सानफ्रोमबो बायदि उदैया सानफ्रोमबो आदार आसाखालामो आरो बेयोआसाखालामखानायाव गेसट्रिक बिदैफोर ओंखारहोयो। After 3 days, the stomach becomes sure that food will not come and the secretion will be slowly reduced. सानथामनि उनाव, उदैआ थार जायो दि आदारा फैनाय नङा आरो मैलाया लासैयै खमायगोन। This is why after 3 days of fasting the pain of peptic ulcer vanishes. बेनि थाखाय उपबासनि सानथामनि उनाव पेपटि आलसारनि सानाया गोमोरलाङो। You can continue with your work. नों नोंनि खामानिखौ मावसांबायथानो हागोन। In a health farm you can rest physically and mentally. देहा फामुआव नों देहायारियै आरो मेलेमारियै जिरायनो हागोन। I have conducted two three-week fasting sessions with a few hundred patients. आं माखासे जौ बेरामिफोरजों सबथा खननै खनथाम उपबाससभा खुंबाय। I have found that fasting for 40 days, can be safe. आं मोनबाय दि 40 सानफोरनि थाखाय उपबास थानाया रैखाथिगोनां जानो हागौ। My advice is to have shorter fasts of 2-3 weeks and repeat them after a few months if required. आंनि बोसोना 2-3 सबथानि गुसुं उपबासफोर लानाय आरो जुदि गोनां जायो एसे दानफोरनि उनाव बेफोरखौ खालामफिन। If you cannot fast, you may go on an eliminative diet. जुदि नों उपबास खालामनो हाया, नों बासिनाय आहारखौ फालिलांबाय थानो हागोन। Eat fresh fruits (except banana) and drink juices for a few days or take to soups and boiled vegetables for a few days. (थालिरनि अनगायै) थाजिम फिथाइफोर जा आरो इसे सानफोरनि थाखाय बिदैफोर लों एबा इसे सानफोरनि थाखाय सुफफोर आरो मैगं रुनायफोर आजाव। This dietary control for a week or two, along with a lot of rest will work a miracle. गोबां जिरायनायजों लोगोसे, सबथा खनसे एबा खननैनि थाखाय बे आहारारि दबथायनाय सोमोनांथाव बायदि खामानि होगोन। It will help in cases of peptic ulcer and may cause the wounds to heal completely. पेपटि आलसारनि जाथायाव बेयो हेफाजाब होगोन आरो गारायखो फुरायै फाहामहोनो हागौ। After 3 days the eyes will become brighter, the hearing becomes acute and the red cells in the blood increase in number. सानथामनि उनाव मेगनफोरा सोरांसिन जानो हागौ, खोनानाया गोख्रों जायो आरो थैयाव गोजा जिबख्रिफोरा बिबांआव बाङो। This is why it helps in cases of anaemia also. बेनिखायनो आमाव बेरामनि जाथायावबो बे हेफाजाब होयो। If you feel feverish or weak, take rest. नों जुदि लोमजाहां एबा लोरबांथि मोनदों, जिरायना था। As the fast nears completion the taste in the mouth improves, nausea disappears, the tongue become clear and pink, the breath become odourless, the stomach starts secreting again and hunger returns. जेब्ला उपबासा जोबनाय खाथियाव फैयो, खुगायाव मोनदांनाया साबसिनो, गोबाल’मोनाया गोमालाङो, सालाया साफा आरो गलाफि जायो, हांआ मोनामा, उदैया आरोबाव मैला-ग’गार होयो आरो उखैनाया फैफनो। The mind becomes clear and calmness dawns over the body and mind as if you are becoming prepared to see God. गोसोआ रोखा जायो आरो देहा सायाव गोजोननाय साग्लोबोआरो गोसोआ जेरै नों अबंलावरिखौ नुनो थियारि जानाय बायदि। This is the time for breaking the fast. बेनो उपबासखौ सिफायनायनि सम। It is very important to slow down while breaking the fast. जेब्ला उपबासखौ फोजोबो बेयो जोबोद गोनां लासै खालामनो। Go slow on your food on the first day and increase your meals as the days go by. गिबि सानाव नोंनि आदारखौ इसे जा आरो जेब्ला सानफोरा बारलाङो नोंनि आदारखौ बांलां। The "crisis" does appear in an eliminative diet but it is not of a violent nature and is therefore easier to handle. “आंखाला”बासिना जानायाव नुजायो नाथाय बेयो हिंसागोनां आखुनि थाखाय नङा आरो बेनिथाखाय सामलायनो गोरलैसिन। If you have undergone eliminative diet for 2-3 weeks, you will later on find that you can undertake a longer fast, the crisis will be much less and you will be able to go on longer fast without upheavals. जुदि नों 2-3 सबथाफोरनि थाखाय बासिना जानायखालामखांबाय, नों उनाव मोनगोन दि नों गोलावसिनउपबास लानोहागोन, आंखाला बांसिन खम जागोन आरो नों दावराव-दावसिफोरगैयालासे गोलावसिन उपबास खालामनो हागोन। During fast the digestive system tends to reduce digestive juices. उपबास समाव दोगोन बिखान्थिआ दोगोन बिदैफोरखौ खमायनो दबथायो। Now just as you would to a toddler, you will have to coax your digestive system into the processes of digestion. दा नों सासे खुदियाखौ बुरखायनांगौ बायदि, नों नोंनि दोगोन बिखान्थिखौ दोगोननि फारिखानथिफोराव बुरखायनांगोन। This is done slowly. Generally, it takes an equal number of days as fasting to come to a normal diet. बेयो लासैयै खालामजायो। सरासनस्रायै, बेयो सरासनस्रा आहाराव फैनोउपबास बायदिनो एखे बिबांनि सानफोर लायो। If you suffer from a chronic disease you may go on a longer fast. जुदि नों क्र’निक बेरामनिफ्राय भुगियो नों गोलावसिन उपबासाव थांनो हागोन। In the beginning, the fasting person should take easily digestible things where hardly any digestive juices are required. सिगाङाव, उपबास लानाय सुबुंआ थाबैनो हजमजाथाव मुवाफोर लानांगोन जेराव जिखुनुजा दोगोन बिदैफोरा बारा नाङा। On the second day take one orange every two hours. नैथि सानाव फ्राय नै घण्टायाव थाइसे नारें-खमला आजाव। On the third day, have one peach or one pear or one handful of grapes three times a day. थामथि सानाव, सानसेआव खनथाम थाइसे थाइजै-खहे एबा थाइसे नासपाटि एबा मोजोमसे आंगुर जा। On the fourth day, have 2 pieces of fruit for breakfast and 3 pieces for lunch and dinner. ब्रैथि सानाव, फुंनि जानायनि थाखाय सैनै फिथाइ आरो सानजौफुनि जानाय आरो मोननानि जानायनि थाखाय सैथाम जा। On the fifth day, have two varieties of fruit at a time for breakfast and lunch and boiled vegetables at dinner. बाथि सानाव, फुंनि जानाय आरो सानजौफुनि जानायनि थाखाय खेबसे समाव मोननै रोखोमनि फिथाइ जा आरो मोननानि जानायाव मैगंफोर रुनाय। On the sixth day, have vegetable soup, for lunch and dinner. द’थि सानाव, सानजौफुनि जानाय आरो मोननानि जानायनि थाखाय मैगं सुफ लों। On the seventh day, have fruits for breakfast, soup at lunch and boiled vegetables for dinner. स्नि सानाव, फुंनि जानायनि थाखाय फिथाइफोर, सानजौफुनि जानायाव सुफ आरो मोननानि जानायनि थाखाय रुनाय मैगंफोर जा। On the eighth day, have fruits for breakfast and one chapatti with boiled vegetables at lunch and dinner. दाइनथि सानाव, फुंनि जानायनि थाखाय फिथाइफोर आरो सानजौफुनि जानाय आरो मोननानि जानायाव रुनाय मैगंफोरजों गुरसे साफाटि जा। On the ninth day, add a cup of milk with fruits for breakfast, boiled vegetables plus two chapattis for lunch and dinner. गुथि सानाव, फुंनि जानायनि थाखाय फिथाइफोरजों खाफसे गाइखेर दाजाब,रुनाय मैगंफोर लोगोसे, सानजौफुनि जानाय आरो मोननानि जानायनि थाखाय गुरनै साफाटि। On the tenth day, add a small portion of dal for lunch and dinner. जिथि सानाव, सानजौफुनि जानाय आरो मोननानि जानायनि थाखाय दालिनि इसे बाहागो दाजाब। A word of caution, fasting is not the remedy for all ills. सांग्रांथिनि मोनसे सोदोब, उपबासा गासैबो लोमजानायफोरनि फाहामराहा नङा। Gradually, add a little fat in your meals, ghee or oil while cooking vegetables or apply a little ghee to your chapattis. लासैलासै, नोंनि आदाराव इसे मेजेम दाजाब, जेब्ला मैगंफोर सङो गिहि एबा थाव एबा नोंनि साफाटियाव इसे गिहि लागाय। The assimilation power of the body increases after a fast. उपबासनि उनाव देहानि गोरोबहोनाय गोहोआ बाङो। After the food is properly digested and absorbed by the body, changes begin occurring in the blood. आदारा देहाजों मोजाङै हजम खालामजानाय आरो सोबखांजानायनि उनाव, थैयाव नुजानानै सोलायनायफोरा जागायो। The number of red blood corpuscles increases after fasting. गोजा थै सेरेफनि बिबांआ उपबासनि उनाव बाङो। It has been mentioned that in one case the RBC count increased from 1 million to 5 million after the fast. बेयो मुख’जादों दि मोनसे जाथायाव आरबिसि सानाया उपबासनि उनाव 1 मिलियननिफ्राय 5 मिलियनसिम बांदों। The iron and other elements which are stored in the body are taken and used by the body. आइरन आरो गुबुन मुवाफोर जायफोर देहायाव जमायनानै दंआ देहाजों लाजायो आरो बाहायजायो। Assimilation after a fast is at its highest level. उपबासनि उनाव गोरोबहोनाया गावनि जौसिन थाखोआव दं। A group of rabbits were put on a fast for 17 days. फालोसे सेसाफोरा 17 साननि थाखाय उपबासाव दोनजादोंमोन। They slowly gained 56% of the body weight to the normal level after fasting. बिसोरो उपबासनि उनाव लासैयै देहा लिरथायनि 56%खौ सरासनस्रा थाखोआव लाबोदोंमोन। Broken bones and wound heal more rapidly during fasting. उपबासनि समाव बेगेंफोर बायनाय आरो गाराया थाबसिन हामो। Do not fast if you have diseases like T .B., leprosy, cancer or heart diseases. उपबास दाखालाम जुदि नोंहा जक्षा बेराम, खुरिया, केनसार एबा मैखुन बेरामफोर दं। Inflammation subsides faster and the body tends to become youthful. ज्लाव-ज्लाव मोननाया थाबसिन खमायो आरो देहाया लाइमोन जानो दबथायो। Fasting gives the body organs a complete rest. उपबासा देहा अंगफोरनो फुरा जिरायनाय होयो। The work load that organs normally do is reduced. खामानिनि बजा जायखौ अंगफोरासरासनस्रायै खालामोआ खमायबाय। As no food is taken in no digestion or assimilation takes place. जेब्ला जेबो आदारा आजावजाया, दोगोन एबा गोरोबथिया जायगा लायो। So all energy required is saved and utilized for eliminating the morbid matter from the body. बेनिखायनो गासैबो गोनांजानाय गोहोआ जमायजायो आरो देहानिफ्राय लोमजानाय मुवाखौ एंगारनो थाखाय बाहायजाबाय। Organs get rest, they recuperate and regain their vital powers. अंगफोराजिरायनो मोनो, बिसोरो हामखांफिनो आरो गावसोरनि गोनां गोहोफोरखौ मोनफिनो। The elementary canal becomes free of unfriendly bacteria. गुदि नोलिआ हेंथा जिबसानिफ्राय उदां जायो। More nourishment is derived from less essential tissues. बांसिन पुष्टिगोनांखौ खम गोनांथार बिदामफोरनिफ्राय मोनो। The effusion, swelling, fat, infiltration etc is absorbed rapidly. स-स गनाय, बुनाय, मोजोम, हाबफैनाय बायदि बायदिआ थाबैनो सोबखांजायो। So the body gradually frees itself from surplus waste material. बेनिखायनो देहाया लासैयै उफ्रा खामानिगैयै मुवानिफ्राय गावखौनोगाव उदां खालामो। There is always an element of "crisis" during a fast. उपबासाव जेब्लायबो ‘आंखालनि’गुदिमुवा दं। Enema is feared by most people, but it is the most innocent and least harmful of all forms of purgation. इनेमाया बांसिन सुबुंफोरजों गिजायो, नाथाय बेयो उदै साफाखालामनायनि गासै महरनि ख्रुइ बांसिन गोरोनथिगैयै आरो खमसिनथार खहागोनां। One - two litres of water at body temperature is introduced through the anus buy the help of a nozzle. देहा दुंथायाव से-नै लिटारनि दैआ नोलिनि हेफाजाबजों खि-लामानि दारै मोनथिहोजादों। The water reaches the lower portion of the colon. दैया बिबु-गेदेरनि गाहासिन बाहागोखौ सौहायो। This water is retained for 2/3 minutes and then expelled out mechanically along with the retained wastes. दैया 2/3 मिनिटनि थाखाय लाखिजायो आरो उनाव लाखिजानाय खामानिगैयै मुवाफोरजों लोगोसे मेसिन-बायदियै बाहेरखालामजायो। There is a controversy about the use of enema. इनेमानि बाहायनायनि बारै बाथ्रा-दानथेलायनाय दं। A few recommend enema every day of the fast. खायसेआ उपबासनि सानफ्रोबोआव इनेमाबोसोनहोयो। Some favour only sparse use of enema and some do not recommend it at all. माखासेआ इनेमानि इसेल’ बाहायनायखौ गनायथियो आरो माखासेआ बेखौ इसेबो बोसोनहोथारा। People, who advocate enema every day, feel that the morbid matter which had reached the rectum and descending colon should not be allowed to be stored there, as it might get reabsorbed by the circulating blood. सुबुंफोरा जाय इनेमाखौ सानफ्रोमबो गनायथियो, मोनदाङो दि लोमजाहोनाय मुवाया जाय खिदन्दरखौ आरो गाहायजानाय बिबु-गेदेरसहैबाय बैयाव जमायजानो हगारजानो नङा, मानोना बेयो खारसारदिंनाय थैजों सोबखांफिनजानो हागौ। Sunbathing in the morning or evening hours is just sufficient for the vitamin D formation and not sufficient to burn the skin. फुंआव एबा मोनाबिलि समाव सानदुं सायनाया भिटामिन दि दाथायनि थाखाय थिक थोजासे आरो बिगुरखौ खामनो थोआ। The sun's rays when they pass through the window glass have most of its ultraviolet content absorbed. साननि रोदाफोरा जेब्ला बेसोरो खिरखि आइना गेजेरजों बारलाङो गावनि बांसिन रोजा-फानथावगाब थादेरसायासोबखांजायो। The soothing and relaxing effect of the sun is due to its heating effect. साननि फोजोननाय आरो गोजोननाय जाउना बेनि दुंनाय जाउननि थाखाय। Melanin is the pigment in the skin which gives a dark colour. मेलानिना बिगुरनि मोनसे पिगमेन्ट जाय गोसोम गाबहोयो। The long dark winter of North India and many North European countries, also lead to a forced and prolonged confinement of infants indoors. साहा भारतनि गोलाव खोमसि गोजां-बोथोर आरो गोबां साहा इउरपआरि हादोरफोराबो न’सिङाव खुदियाफोरनि बाध्यगोनां आरो गोलाव जोबजानायाव दैदेनो। Among the whites, melanin pigments are present in the deeper layers of the skin called the malpighian layer. गुफुरफोरनि गेजेराव, मेलानिन पिगमेन्टफोरा मेलपिग्हयन थोरफो बुंजानाय बिगुरनि गोथौथोरफोआव दं। It is common knowledge that exposure to midday summer sun results in the reddening of the skin. बेयो सरासनस्रा गियान दि सानजौफु गोलोमबोथोर सानाव नुजानाया बिगुर जारां जाहोयो। After a few days, the erythema fades gradually and is replaced by brown colouration due to accumulation of melanin pigments, called "sun-tan". इसे साननि उनाव, एरिथेमाया लासैयै गोमोरलाङो आरो “सान-टेन” बुंजानाय मेलानिन पिगमेन्टफोरनि जमाखालामनायनि थाखाय बादामिगाबजों सोलायजायो। About 20 hours after exposure to ultraviolet rays, some of this melanin begins to migrate towards the surface. सानमण्डलनि फानथावगाब रोदाफोरनि दिनथिनायनिफ्राय 20 घन्टानि उनाव बे मेलानिननि माखासे आसाथिं बारलांनो जागायो। Following this, there is the production of new pigments in the basal cell layer, thus the skin starts getting darker after regular sunbathing. बेनिउनाव, गुदि जिबख्रि थोरफोआव गोदान पिगमेन्टफोरनि सोमजिजाथाय दं, बेनिखायनो बिगुरा सानफ्रोमबो सान-सायनायनि उनाव गोसोमसिन जालाङो। When these people return to work after holidaying in the sun the skin remains tanned for a few weeks. जेब्ला बिसोर मानसिफोरा सानाव सुटि-लानायनि उनाव हाबायाव फैफिनो, बिगुरा सफथासेनि थाखाय सोमहाबना थायो। Thereafter, the melanin pigments become much lighter. बेनिउनाव, मेलानिन पिगमेन्टफोरा गोबासिन जालाङो। But they become darker if exposed to ultraviolet rays for a few days. नाथाय माखासे सामनि थाखाय सानमण्डलनि फानथावगाब रोदाफोराव जुदि दिनथिजायो बेफोर गोसोमसिन जायो। If exposed too long, there may be some blistering and peeling off of the superficial layer called "sun-burn". गोलाव समनि थाखाय जुदि दिनथिजायो बेयाव माखासे थिफुनाय आरो “सान-खामनाय” बुंजानायनि सासाज्रां थोरफो गुगानाय जानो हागौ। We have a feeling of well being during sun bathing. जोंहा सान सायनायाव मोजां मोननायनि मोनदांनाय दं। Among the Negroes, the sun burn is much less severe and erythema may be slight due to the presence of excessive pigments in the skin. निग्र’फोरनि गेजेराव, बिगुराव गोबां पिगमेन्टफोर थानायनि थाखाय सानखामनाया सहायनो हाथावसिन आरो इरतेमाया खम जानोहागौ। In all parts of the world they are trying to harvest the cheap source of energy from the sun. बुहुमनि गासैबो बाहागोफोराव, बिसोरो साननिफ्राय बेसनगैयै फुंखानि गोहोखौ बुथुमनो नाजायो। If the skin is subjected to increasing intensities of heat, the sensation of warmth, heat and pain are elicited successively. जुदि बिगुरा बिदुंनि जोबोद बांनायाव गाग्लोबजायो, दुंब्रुद, बिदुं आरो सानायनि मोनदांथिफोरा फारि-फारियै मोनखांजायो। The amount of radiant energy required to produce skin damage is about 10 times than that required to produce pain. गोजों गोहोनि बिबांआ सानायखौ दिनथिनो गोनांनिख्रुइ, बिगुर खहाजानायखौ दिनथिनोगोनांआ फ्राय 10 गुनबारा। This is why a direct exposure to sun never produces a burn. बेनि थाखाय सानाव थोंजों दिनथिजानाया माब्लाबाबो खामनायखौ दिनथिया। Pain and burning can occur if the sunlight is focussed with a lens. सानाय आरो खामनाया जानो हागौ जुदि सानसोरांआ आयनाजों मिरु खालामजायोब्ला। When a person is sunbathing he usually feels the sensation of mild warmth from sunlight, unless the skin happens to be already irritated by sunburn. जेब्ला सुबुंआ सानसायो, बियो सानसोरांनिफ्राय गुरै दुंब्रुदनि मोनदांथिखौ सरासनस्रायै मोनदाङो, जुदिअब्लाबो बिगुरा सान खामनायजों मानस्लु-सास्लु जाखांखाबाय। The body gives out a certain amount of heat all the time from its own metabolism. देहाया गावनि जिब रासायनारि जाथाइनिफ्राय गासैबो समाव थि बिबांनि बिदुं होयो। The channels of loss are conduction, convection (evaporation of sweat and moisture from lungs) and radiation. खहाजानायनि नालाफोरा देदेलांनाय, बिदुं-गोसारहोनाय (गोलोमदै आरो संफ्ल’निफ्राय सिदोमानि खफ’जानाय) आरो बिदुं-हगारनाय। Thus when we are exposed to ice, we lose heat. बेनि थाखाय जेब्ला जों बरफाव दिनथिजायो, जों बिदुंखौ खोमायो। Heat reduces pain in the body and relaxes the muscles. दुंनाया देहानि सानायखौ खमायो आरो गेहेनखौ फुरुङो। We gain it from hot rocks. जों गुदुं अनथायफोरनिफ्राय मुलामफा जाबाय। The same is true of the solar energy. बे एखेआ सानखरांआरि गोहोआव बोथार। When the sun is too hot we receive heat from the sun. जेब्ला साना जोबोद गुदुंजों साननिफ्राय बिदुंमोनो। Part of it comes directly and part of it after getting reflected from the terrain. बेनि माखासे बाहागोआ थोंजोङै आरो बेनि माखासे बाहागोआ हा-गुवारनिफ्राय रिफिखनजानायनि उनावफैयो। If a man walks in a desert at the rate of 3 miles per hour he will lose approximately 882g of water in one hour. जुदि सासे मानसिआ बालाहामायाव से घण्टायाव 3 माइलनि हाराव थाबायो, बियो सेघण्टायाव फ्रायै 882 ग्रामदैनि खहा जागोन। This is why those who work in a hot climate feel thirsty most of the time. बेनि थाखाय जायफोर गुदुंबारहावायाव खामानि मावो बांसिन समाव गांनाय मोनदाङो। Humidity also makes a lot of difference. सिदोमथिआबो गोबां फारागथि खालामो। If sunbathing is done on the rock or near green foliage, the temperature will be low near the green foliage than on the rock due to the evaporation of water from the greenery. जुदि सान-सायनाया अनथाय एबा गोथां बिफां-बिलाइ खाथियाव खालामजायो, दुंथाया अनथायावनिख्रुइ गोथां बिफां-बिलाइ खाथियाव खम जागोन, गोथांआरिनिफ्राय दैनिखफ’ जानायनि थाखाय। Evaporation adjusts itself to sweating in such a way that the body temperature does not rise excessively. खफ’ जानाया गावनोगाव गोलोमनायाव गोरोबो, बेबायदि राहाजों दि देहादुंथाया बांद्रायै जौगाया। There is some confusion over whether the protection of the body from the sun is only done by the formation of melanin pigmentation. साननिफ्राय देहानि रैखाथिया मेलानिन पिगमेन्टेसननि दानायजोंल’ खालामजायोनि सायाव बेयाव माखासे गोनोगोथोदं। This way you can also avoid the cold draft due to the high velocity of the wind. बेबायदियै नों गुसु बारदोहौखौबो एंगारनो हागोन बारनि गोबां खारथायनि हारनि थाखाय। One more important factor that comes into reckoning is the thickening of the superficial layer of the skin called epidermal thickening. मोनसेबाव गोनां जाहोना जाय साननायाव फैयो आसा-बिगुरारि रोजाजानाय बुंजानाय बिगुरनि सासाज्रां थोरफोनि रोजाजानाय। The result of the action of the ultraviolet radiation on the skin is rapid. बिगुराव सानमण्डलनि फानथावगाब बिदुं-हगारनायनि खामानिनि जाउना गोख्रै। It causes proliferation of the two layers of epidermis - the corneum and the malpighian. बेयो करनियाम आरो मेलपिगियान, सा-बिगुरनि मोननै थोरफोनि थाबैनो बांहोनायखौ जाहोयो। The thickening of corneum results in marked decrease in the amount of sunburn, reducing radiation that reaches the malpighian layer. करनियामनि रोजाजानाया सानखामनायनि बिबाङाव नुजाथाव खमायहोयो, बिदुं-हगारनायखौ खमायनानै जाय मेलपिगियान थोरफोखौ सहैयो। Thus the effectiveness of corneum as filter is increased. बेनिखायनो फिलटार महरै करनियामनि जाउनगोनांआ बांहोजायो। The skin becomes less sensitive to sunburn. बिगुरा सानखामनायाव खम थदगोनां जायो। Among the black skinned, the thickening of the corneum is the principal means for the protection of the skin from sunburn, apart from melanin formation. गोसोम बिगुरनि गेजेराव, मेलानिन दानायनि अनगायै, सानखामनायनिफ्राय बिगुरनि रैखाथिनि थाखाय करनियामनि रोजाजानाया गुदि राहा। Skin cancer is caused due to prolonged and excessive exposure to the sun. बिगुर केनसारा सानाव गोबाव आरो बांद्राय दिनथिनायनि थाखाय जायो। This is more common among the white skinned people and less among Negroes. बेयो गुफुर बिगुर सुबुंफोरनि गेजेराव बांसिन सरासनस्रा आरो निग्रफोरनि गेजोराव खम। The eyes are our most prized possession. मेगनफोरा जोंनि जोबोद बेसेनगोनां सम्पति। The effect of sunbathing will depend upon the clothing. सानसायनायनि जाउना जिगाननायनि सायाव सोनारगोन। If the sun's rays reach in a big quantity to the image producing screen of the eyes, the retina, it may get damaged. जुदि साननि रोदाफोरा मेगनफोरनि मुसुखा दिनथिग्रा फैसालिआव गोबां बिबाङावआव सौहौयो, रेटिनाया गाज्रि जानो हागौ। Our elders advise us not to look at the solar eclipse directly. जोंनि गेदेरफोरा सानमन’नायखौ थोंजोङै नायनो नाङा होननानै जोंनो बोसोन होयो। It could cause eclipse blindness. बेयो खोमसि खाना जाहोनो हागौ। Such symptoms may also occur when the sun is bright over a snow field. बेफोर लैखोनफोरा जेब्ला बरफ फोथार सायाव साना सोरांब्लाबो जानो हागौ। When there is a good deal of diffused reflection of the sunlight that reaches the eyes, it may lead to "snow blindness". जेब्ला बेयाव सानदुंनि गोसारलाना रिफिनायनि मोजां बाहागो दं जाय मेगनफोराव सौहाहौयो, बेयो "बरफ खाना"आव दैदेननो हागौ। Normally, the wave lengths of the sun's rays which can cause damage to the retina are absorbed in the superficial layers of the eyes and do not cause any damage. सरासनस्रायै साननि रोदाफोरनि जानथायफोरा जाय रेटिनाखौ गाज्रि खालामनो हागौफोरा मेगनफोरनि सासाज्रां थोरफोफोराव सोबखांजायो आरो जेबो गाज्रि खालामा। When the sun is bright, it is better to wear good quality sunglasses. बे मोजां गुननि सान आइना गाननाया साबसिन, जेब्ला साना सोरां। These should be designed in a way that they reduce the total amount of energy reaching the retina. बेयो बेबायदि महर-दाजानांगोन दि रेटिना सौहौनायाव बिसोरो गोहोनि गासैबो बिबांखौ खमायो। It is not true that ultraviolet rays can cause cataract. बेयोसैथोनङादिसानमण्डलनिफानथावगाबरोदाफोराजालमा-खोबनोहागौ। This however can be brought about by lower temperature sources such as glass blowers furnaces which we call "glass blower's cataract". बे जेरैखिजाया इसेसिन दुंथाय फुंखाफोरजों सा बोजागोन जेरै आइना ब्ल’आरफोर (बारहोग्रा)अ दाब जायखौ जों “आइनाब्ल’आरनि (बारहोग्रानि) जालमा खोबनाय” बुङो। White cloth reflects sunrays and so it has a cooling effect. गुफुर सिआ सानरोदा मोदानहोयो आरो बेनि थाखाय गुसु जाउन दं। The sun has many good effects on the body apart from the environmental factors. साना थासारि सोमोन्दै जाहोनफोरनि अनगायै देहायाव गोबां मोजां जाउन दं। It influences the temperature of wind and ocean currents. बेयो बारनि दुंथाय आरो लैथोनि दाहारफोरखौ गोहोम खोख्लैयो। It has its effect on rainfall and the most important of all, photosynthesis of plants. बेहा अखा हानायाव गावनि जाउन दं आरो गासैबोनिफ्राय बांसिनथार गोनांआ बिफांफोरनि सोरां-बिजिरख’ दानाय। The development of life on the earth was made possible by the steady flow of light and heat from the sun. बुहुमाव जिवनि जौगाहोनाया साननिफ्राय बिदुं आरो सोरांनि नेमनि बोहैनायजों जानोहाथआव जादोंमोन। Life would be endangered if the sun's heat and light were to vary; either it would be too hot or too cold to live. जिवा खैफोदाव गोग्लैगौमोन जुदि साननि बिदुं आरो सोरांफोरा सोलायोब्ला; अब्ला बेयो थानो जोबोद गुदुं एबा जोबोद गुसु जागौमोन। Life also depends on the sun for food. जिवाबो आदारनि थाखाय साननाव सोनारो। The heat of the sun is trapped by the atmosphere which lets sunlight through to the surface of the earth. साननि बिदुंआ बारमण्डलजों हमजायो जाय सानसोरांखौ बुहुमनि बिखंनि गेजेरजों बारग’होयो। The light warms the earth but the heat it creates cannot easily pass through the atmosphere into space. बुहुमा सोरांखौ दुब्रुथहोयो नाथाय बे बिदुं सोरजिनाया लाथिखमायाव बारमण्डल गेजेरजों गोरलैयै बारनो हाया। This is known as the "greenhouse" effect. बेखौनो ‘सोमखोर न’’ जाउन बुङो। This is what happens when the glass roof lets the sunlight in to heat the plants in the greenhouse but it passes back through the roof only very slowly. बेनो जायो जेब्ला आइना उखुमा ‘सोमखोर न’’ आव बिफांफोरखौ दुंहोनो सानसोरांखौ हाबनो होयो नाथाय बेयो जोबोद लासैयै उखुम गेजेरजों उन फैफिनो। If clothes are dark, they absorb most of the heat and have a warming effect. जुदि सिफोरा गोसोम, बेफोरो बांसिन गुदुं सोबखाङो आरो दुंनाय जाउन थायो। Plants make their own food through photosynthesis (they combine energy from sunlight with carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil to make food). बिफांफोरा गावसोरनि आदारखौ सोरां-बिजिरख’ दानायनि दारै गावबागाव बानायो (बिसोरो आदार बानायनो सानदुंनिफ्राय गोहो, बारनिफ्राय कार्बनदाइ अक्साइद, आरो हानिफ्राय दै गलायो) In the process they give off oxygen. बे फारिखानथिआव बिसोरो अक्सिजेन हगारो। Men and animals breathe this oxygen released by the plants and exhale the carbon dioxide which in turn is used by plants. मानसिफोर आरो जुनारफोरा बिफांफोरजों हगारजानाय बे अकसिजेनखौ हां-लायो आरो कार्बनडाइ अक्साइद हगारो जाय बदलाव बिफांफोरजों बाहायजायो। Sunbath is the exposure of the body to sunlight or to sun lamps. सानसायनाया सानदुं एबा सान साथिफोराव देहानि दिनथिनाय। Sunlight is made up of many different kinds of light rays. सानदुंआ सोरांरोदाफोरनि गोबां गुबुन रोखोमफोरजों बानायजानाय। Infrared rays penetrate deeply into the body. इनफ्रारेड रोदाफोरा देहायाव गोथौयै सोरखियो। They benefit the circulatory system and the muscles. बेसोर (गोसार बिखानथि) आरो मोदोम-गेहेनफोरखौ मुलामफा जायो। Ultraviolet rays are chiefly absorbed by the skin and may cause sun burns and tanning. सानमण्डलनि फानथावगाब रोदाफोरा बिगुरजों गुबैयै सोबखांजायो आरो सान खामनाय आरो सोमनाय जाहोनो हागौ। They also cause chemicals in the skin to produce Vitamin D, the sunshine vitamin. बेसोरबो सानरोदा भिटामिन, भिटामिन दि, दिहुननो बिगुराव रासायनिक-मुवाफोरखौ जाहोयो। Sun lamps produce ultraviolet rays. सान साथिफोरा सानमण्डलनि फानथावगाब रोदाफोर दिहुनो। It is a common practice among the whites to sunbathe for tanning their skins. बेयो गुफुरफोरनि गेजेराव सरासनस्रा सर’ गावसोरनि बिगुरफोरखौ फोसोमहोनो थाखाय सानसायनो। Today we acknowledge the sun as a source of light, heat and other kinds of energy. जों दिनै सानखौ सोरां, बिदुं आरो गुबुन रोखोमनि गोहोबायदि मानिनानै लायो। Lives of men, animals and plants depend entirely on the energy of the sun. मानसिफोर, जुनारफोर आरो बिफांफोरनि जिउआ साननि गोहोआव फुरायै सोनारो। The sun can be blazing and hot in summer in the deserts of Rajasthan. राजस्थाननि बालाहामाफोराव साना जोंब्लावनाय आरो गोलोमबोथोराव गुदुं जानो हागौ। The air is hot as if it is blowing straight from the oven. बारा गुदुं जेन बेयो अभेननिफ्राय थोंगोरै बारदों। It can burn the skin and give a sun-stroke. बेयो बिगुरखौ खामहोनो आरो सान-स्ट्र’क होनो हागौ। Above all it is most important for our overall immunity and physical and emotional stability. गासैबोनि गोजौआव बेयो जोंनि सरासनस्रा होबथागोहो आरो देहायारि आरो आबेगगोनां दिदोमथिनि थाखाय गोनांसिनथार। The effect of the rays of the sun directly spreading on the human body, with which we are here concerned, may be a nuisance to those in the tropics. सुबुं देहायाव थोंजोङै गोसारनाय साननि रोदानि जाउन,जायखौ जों बेयाव सानदोंआ जायफोर सानमण्डलाव थायोनि थाखाय जनजाल जानो हागौ। The effect of sunlight is two-fold as it causes photochemical reactions and heating effects. सानसोरांनि जाउना फाननैमानोना बेयो सोरांरासायनारि फिनजाथायफोर आरो बिदुंनाय जाउनफोर जाहोयो। We know now that the solar ultraviolet radiation is necessary for synthesis of calciferol, the forerunner of vitamin D. जों दा मिथिगौदि सानखरांआरि सानमण्डलनि फानथावगाब बिदुं-हगारनायया केलसिफारअलनि जखालामनायनि थाखाय गोनां, भिटामिन दिनि थान्दै। Calciferol is released into the blood stream by the skin. केलसिफारअला थै दाहाराव बिगुरजों हगारजायो। After regular sunbathing, their skin takes a dark tan which they consider makes them look more beautiful. सानफ्रोमबो सानसायनायनि उनाव बिसोरनि बिगुरा गोसोम सोमनाय लायो जायखौ बिसोरो गावसोरखौ बांसिन नायनो समायना खालामो होनना गनायो। This hormone is released when sunlight falls on the skin. बे हरमना हगारजायो जेब्ला सानसोरांआ बिगुराव गोग्लैयो। Without calciferol not enough calcium would be laid in growing bones. केलसिफेरला गैयालाबा, देरफुनाय बेगेंफोराव थोजासे नङैकेलसियामा दोनजानाय नङा। Where it is not available, one comes across crippling deformities and rickets. जेराव बेयो मोननो थाङा, सासेआ बेंगुरा महर-गाज्रि आब्सथाफोर आरो रिखेटफोरनि (खुदियाफोरनि बेगें बेराम) गेजेरजों फैफायो। Adequate sunlight is necessary for a proper growth of bones and the prevention of rickets. थोजासे सानसोरांआ बेगेंफोरनि थि देरनाय आरो रिखेटफोरनि (खुदियाफोरनि बेगें बेराम) होबथानायनि थाखाय गोनां। The photochemical effects are restricted to a limited spectrum. सोरां रासायनारि जाउनफोरा मोनसे सिमना स्पेकट्रामसिम सिमागोनां। The vision, for example, falls between approximately 0.4m and 0.65m wave lengths of sun light rays which is the important part of the sunlight. गुथाल जानथायफोरनि गेजेराव गोग्लैयो जाय सानसोरांनि गोनां बाहागो। The sun light reaches the surface of the earth after passing through the atmosphere. सान सोरांआ बारमण्डल गेजेरजों बारनायनि उनाव बुहुमनि सायाव सौहौयो। The ozone layer of the atmosphere absorbs the ultraviolet and infra red rays The ozone layer of the atmosphere absorbs the ultraviolet and infrared rays बारमण्डलनि अ’ज’न थोरफोआ फानथावगाब आरो इनफ्रारेड रोदाफोरखौ सोबखाङो। Solar radiation may be blocked by many means. सानखरांआरि बिदुं-हगारनाया गोबां राहाजों बेंथेजानो हागौ। Among them is the industrial smog seen in Mumbai and London and other polluted places. बिसोरनि गेजेराव मुमबाइ आरो लण्डन आरो गुबुन गाज्रि जायगाफोराव नुजानाया दारिमिनारि स्मग। This well explains why osteomalacia and rickets are common in Great Britain, Scandinavian countries, Middle East and India than in the United States. ग्रेत बृतेइन, स्केनदिनिभियान हादोरफोर, गेजेर सानजा आरो भारताव जथाय हादोरनिख्रै बांसिन असतेअमालासिया आरो बेगेंबेरामफोरा मानो सरासनस्रा बेनिबागै बेफोर मोजांफोरमायनायफोरा। The effect of ultraviolet rays on common cold is well known. सरासनस्रा गुसुनि सायाव आलट्राभायलेत सोरांरोदानि जाउनआ मोजाङै- मिथिजानाय। You will never know when you go into the lovely arms of the lady sleep. आयजो उन्दुनायनि समायना गोबानायाव नों जेब्ला थाङो नों माब्लाबाबो मिथिनाय नङा। A group of subjects exposed to ultraviolet radiation reported about 40% lesser colds. फानथावगाब सोरांहगारनायनो दिन्थिनाय आयदाफोरनि मोनसे हानजाया प्राय 40% गुसुआव फोरमायजादोंमोन। In olden times, sunbathing was prescribed for tuberculosis. गोजाम समफोराव तिउबारकुलासिस थाखाय सानदुंसायनायखौ गनायथिनाय जादोंमोन। The beneficial effect was due to sunbathing and a general improvement in the regimen. मुलामफायारि उनजाउना सानदुंसायनायनि थाखाय आरो हानजायाव सरासनस्रा जौगानायनि थाखाय। After the manufacture of anti-tubercular drugs, generally a change of place or stay in a sanatorium for a few months is not prescribed. टिउबारकुलार-बेरेखा मुलिफोर दिहुननायनि उनाव सरासनस्रायै जायगानि मोनसे सोलायनाय एबा माखासे दाननि थाखाय मोनसे फाहामसालियाव थानाया गनायथिजाया। When the ultraviolet rays pass through the ozone layer of the atmosphere, a major portion gets absorbed. जेब्ला फानथावगाब सोरांरोदाफोरा बारमण्डलनि अजन थोरफोनि गेजेरजों बारलाङो मोनसे गाहाय बाहागोआ सोबखजायो। At mid day, when the sun is at ninety degrees it passes through a much thinner layer of atmosphere and also a thinner layer of ozone. सानजौफुआव जेब्ला सानआ गुजि डिग्रिआव थायो बेयो बारमण्डलनि बांसिन गोबा थोरफोनि गेजेरजों बारलाङो आरो अजननि मोनसे गोबा थोरफोजों। The content of ultraviolet rays is then excessive and can cause sun burns. फानथावगाब सोरांरोदानि दाथायथि अब्ला बांद्राय आरो सान-खामनायनि जाहोन जानो हागौ। Before 8 am or after 4 pm when the sun is at an angle it passes through a much thicker layer of atmosphere and ozone. फुंनि 8निफ्राय एबा बेलासिनि 4नि उनाव जेब्ला साना मोनसे खनायाव थायो बारमण्डल आरो अजननि बेयो मोनसे बांसिन गोबा थोरफोनि गेजेरजों बारलाङो। So the content of ultraviolet rays is less and sufficient for body needs. फानथावगाब सोरांरोदानि दाथायथिआ देहानि गोनांथिनि थाखाय खम आरो थोजासे। To avoid rickets and osteomalacia, give plenty of milk to children and expose them to sunlight. बेगेंबेरामफोर आरो असतेअमालासियानिफ्राय जानगाराव थानो खुदियाफोरनो थोजासे गायखेर आरो हो आरो सानदुंआव बिसोरखौ सि खुना दोन। The ultraviolet rays are needed for the formation of vitamin D in the skin. फानथावगाब सोरांरोदाफोरा बिगुराव भिटामिन दि दाजानायनि थाखाय गोनां। On this mind-television recorder, you have control when you are aware. बे गोसो तेलिभिजन रेकर्डाराव नोंहा दबथायनाय दङ जेब्ला नों सांग्रां। It works according to certain logic. बेयो माखासेथि जुक्तिबादियै खामानि मावो। When you sleep, your mind with logic also goes to sleep. जेब्ला नों उन्दुयो जुक्तिजों लोगोसे नोंनि गोसोआबो उन्दुयो। There is no logic, there is no sequence. जुक्ति गैया, फारि गैया। This mind television recorder goes haywire in any direction. बे गोसो तेलिभिजन रेकर्डारा जायखिजाया दिगआवनो थिरोखोम खामानिमावै जायो। It flows like a cinema reel in front of you with pictures, sound, everything. सावगारिफोर, सोदोब, गासैजों नोंनि सिगाङाव बेयो मोनसे सावथुनबादि बोहैलाङो। You are also a participant to whatever is happening on the screen, you react to the happening, you feel agitated in your mind, you get tensed up, and you feel as if the body is bruised. फैसालियाव जा सलिगासिनोदं बेनि नोंबो सासे बाहागोलागिरि, जाथायजानायखौ नों फिनहोयो, नों नोंनि गोसोआव हेंथा मोनदाङो, नों जिंगासियो, आरो देहाखौ जखम जानायबादि मोनदाङो। You feel the brunt of all the sequences, but you cannot turn the direction of the sequence: it just happens and you participate in it. गासैबो फारिनि खामनायखौ नों मोनदाङो, नाथाय फारिनि दिगखौ फिदिंनो हाया: बेयो जायौल आरो नों बेयाव बाहागोलायो। It appears that you dream about your unfulfilled desires, sufferings and tortures. नोंनि सुफुंजायै लुबैनायफोर, सहायनायफोर आरो साजाफोरनि बागै नों सिमां नुनाया नुजायो। Osteomalacia has been observed in 25 to 30% of bone biopsies among elderly patients who have suffered hip fracture in Scandinavia and Great Britain. बैसोगोरा जब्राफोरनि गेजेराव बेगें जिबख्रिआनजादनि 25निफ्राय 0%आव असतेअमालासियाया नोजोरखालामजाबोदों जायफोरा स्केनदिनेभिया आरो ग्रेत बृतेइनआव जानजि बायनाय सहायबोबाय। There are no limitations to what you can do or what can be done to the body. देहायाव नों मा खालामनो हायो एबा मा खालामनो हायो बेनि सिमा गैया। You may fly like a bird, drive a plane, slip from the hill and fall, fight a tiger. नों मासे दावनि बादि बिरनो हायो, बिरदिङा गंसे सालायलां, हाजोनिफ्राय गाद्ले आरो गोगलै,मोसा मासेजों खमलाय। You may meet the worst accident, you may even get killed, but you are there suffering all this mentally and physically. नोंहा गाज्रिसिन जाब्रथाया जानो हागौ, अदेबानि नों थैनोबो हागौ, नाथाय नों बैयाव बेफोर गासैबो गोसोआरियै आरो देहायारियै सहायनादं। You may be in a park, seashore, or meet a girl, talk to her, take her out and have moments of pleasure. नों पार्क मोनसेयाव हाबनो, लैथोसेर एबा सिख्ला सासेखौ लोगोहमनो, बिजों रायलायनो,बायजोआव लांनो आरो गोजोननायनि बुब्लि लानोहायो। You get up tired, agitated, bruised even if you get a night emission. नों मेंनानै सिरि मोनो, आख-फाखमोनो आरो जखमजायो अदेबानि नों हरसे ओंखारनाय मोनोब्ला। You get up more tired than when you went to bed, you feel weak as if somebody has extracted all the energy, and you feel morose. जेब्ला नों एमाव थांनायनिख्रै बांसिन मेंनानै सिखारो, सोरबाया गासैबो बोलोखौ गैयाखालामनायबादि नों लोरबां मोनदांगोन। Many a time dreams linger in the mind even after you wake up, and may fill you with grief and sorrow. मोनसे समारि गोबां सिमांफोरा गोसोआव थालाङो अदेबानि नों सिखारनायनि उनावबो आरो दुखु आरो दाहाजों आबुंजानो हागौ। A good quality sleep should not allow you to have dreams or should allow having them at a minimum possible level. मोजां मानथाखोनि उन्दुनाया नोंखौ सिमां नुनो होनाङा एबा बेफोरखौ जाथावना खमसिन थाखोआव गनायनांगौ। You try hard and you can achieve it. नों गोब्राब नाजा आरो नों बेखौ जैखालामनो हायो। It will need time, perseverance and genuine effort. बेनो सम, नांथाबनाय आरो थार नाजानाय नांगोन। Most likely, this is because of lower vitamin D intake and reduced sunlight exposure. जोबोर- जाथावनायै बेयो गाहायसिन भिटामिन दि सोनाय आरो सानदुंआव दिन्थिनायखौ खमायनायनि थाखाय। Simulate your body into a bag of cloth; quieten your mind before you go to sleep. जिनि जलंगा मोनसेयाव नोंनि देहाखौ थुलुंगाहो, नों उन्दुनु थांनायनि सिगां नोंनि गोसोखौ सिरिखालाम। Talk to your brain as if you were talking to another person. गुबुन सासे सुबुजों नों रायज्लायबाय थादोंमोनबादि नों नोंनि मेलेमजों रायज्लाय। Do not get agitated or irritated, do this in a polite way, clearly, again and again. खायसो खालामजानाङा एबा आख-फाखखालामजानाङा, बेखौ सेद्रोम राहायै, रोखायै, गले-गले माव। You will be surprised that in a few days it will start working, you will see less and less dreams. नों गोमोगोन दि साननैसोआवनो बेयो खामानि मावनो जागायगोन, नों खम आरो खमसिन सिमां नुगोन। "If a lie is repeated a hundred times it becomes true". मोनसे फोलानाया गले-गले खालामफिनजायोब्ला बेयो सैथो जायो। This formula is used to prove that by mere repetition on radio, television or news magazines we begin believing in things. बे बुंफुरलुआ बैखौ रेदिअ, तेलिभिजन एबा खौरां लायसिफोराव खालामफिननायजोंल फोरमान खालामनो बाहायजायो, जिरादफोराव फोथायनो जों जागायो। Mind is malleable, if you pursue you are bound to succeed. गोसोआ गोहोम गोलैथावना, नों उनहोसोयोब्ला नों जाफुंसार जानाया थार। Meditation for five to ten minutes before you go to sleep is recommended. उन्दुनु थांनायनि सिगां बानिफ्राय जि मिनिटसिम ध्यान खालामनाया गनायजानाय। Meditation teaches conscious control on your unconscious mind. ध्यानखालामनाया नोंनि सांग्रांनङै गोसोआव सांग्रां दबथायनायखौ फोरोङो। I know of a way which has given success to many sufferers. राहाफोरनि मोनसेखौ आं मिथियो जाय गोबां सहायनांग्राफोरनो जाफुंसारनाय होदों। Rickets among children are due to lack of vitamin D. खुदियाफोरनि गेजेराव बेगेंबेरामा भिटामिन दिनि आंखालनि थाखाय। This meditation is called Vippassana meditation. बे ध्याना बिपासाना ध्यान बुंजायो। The meditation should always be done with the help of a teacher. ध्याना अरायबो फोरोंगिरि सासेनि हेफाजाबाव खालामजानांगौ। It is a practical training like a senior surgeon teaching surgery to juniors. बैसोगोरा सासे सार्जनआ खमबैसोनि सासेखौ सारजारि फोरोंनायबादि बेयो मोनसे बाहायनायारि फोरोंथाय। Let me cite a few basic preliminary steps of this Vippassana meditation called Ana-Pan. आना पान बुंजानाय बे बिप्पासाना ध्याननि मोननैसो गुदि गिबि थाखोफोरखौ आंखौ मुंखनो हो। You can try them at your home. बैफोरखौ नोंनि न’आव खालामनानायनो हायो। With persistence you are bound to achieve success. नाजाथाबनायजों नों जाफुंसारनाया रोखा। The technique is simple, but you do not learn it in a day, if you pursue it may take a week, ten days or even a month to learn. खायदाया गोरलै, नाथाय नों बेखौ सानसेआवनो सोलोङा, नों बेखौ उनसङोब्ला सोलोंनो सपथा खनसे, जि सान एबा अदेबानि दान से लानो हागौ। Feel your breath, concentrate on your breathing, the air going into your nostrils and going out of them. नोंनि हांखौ मोनदां, नोंनि हांलानायाव, नोंनि गनथंगुदुंआव थांनाय बारआ आरो बेनिफ्राय बायजोआव ओंखारनायखौ गोसोहो। When it does so it touches the upper lips area around and inside the nostrils. जेब्ला बेयो बेबादि मावो बेयो गनथंगुदुंनि सोरगिदिं आरो सिंथिं गोजौ गुसथि ओनसोलखौ बिलिरो। You are breathing all the time but you are hardly aware of it. नों गासै समावनो हांलागासिनो दं नाथाय माब्लाबासो नों बेखौ सांग्रां। Osteomalacia among the elderly is also due to lack of vitamin D. बैसोगोराफोरनि गेजेरावबो असतेअमालासियाया भिटामिन दिनि आंखालनि थाखाय। If you concentrate on breath you will feel the air passing over the upper lips and the area around the nostrils. हांलानायाव नों गोसोहोयोब्ला गोजौ गुसथि साजों आरो गनथंगुदुं ओनसोल सोरगिदिंजों गलांनाय बारखौ मोनदांगोन। If you still cannot feel it, take a few fast breaths. नों दासिमबो बेखौ मोनदांनो हायाब्ला, खननैसो गोख्रै हांला। When you can feel, slow it down, come back to your normal breathing and keep on feeling the touch of air on the upper lip and nostrils. जेब्ला नों मोनदांनो हायो लासैयै गाहाय खालाम, नोंनि सरासनस्रा हांलानायाव फैफिन आरो गोजौ गुसथि आरो गनथंगुदुंआव बार बिलिरनायखौ मोनदांबाय था। Gradually your sensitivity will go on increasing, in a few days you will feel the air entering and leaving the nostrils and touching all around. लासैयै नोंनि सानदांथिया बांलांगोन, साननैसोआव नों बार हाबनाय आरो गनथंगुदुंखौ बिलिरनाय सोरगिदिं बिलिरनायखौ मोनदांगोन। Do it for 10-15 minutes or till you fall asleep. बेखौ 10 15 मिनिटनि थाखाय एबा उन्दुलांनायसिम खालाम। After a few days you will see that your dreams are becoming less and less, and you are able to achieve good quality sleep. साननैसोनि उनाव नों नुगोन दि नोंनि सिमाङा खम आरो खम जागासिनो दं, आरो नों मोजां मानथाखोनि उन्दुनाय मोननो हाथावना। It is like asking a child who is not allowing you to do work, to go up and down the stairs and continue doing so till you tell him to stop. बेयो खुदिया सासेखौ सोंनाय बादि जाय नोंखौ खामानि मावनो, सिरिखौ गोजौ आरो गाहाय थांनो आरो नों बन्द खालामनो बुंनायसिम फारियै बेबादि खालामनायखौ गनायबाय थायाखै। When you go to sleep while feeling the sensations of your breath, this job is taken over from your conscious mind to your unconscious mind. जेब्ला नों उन्दुहैयो नोंनि हांलानायनि मोनदांथिखौ मोनदांनाय समाव बे खामानिखौ नोंनि सांग्रांनङै गोसोनिफ्राय नोंनि सांग्रां गोसोसिमनि सायाव बे खामानिखौ लानाय जायो। The mind will be busy the whole night feeling the sensations of breath and thus forget to dream. हांलानाय आरो बेबादिनो सिमांखौ बावनायनि सानदांथिखौ मोनदांना गासै हरावनो गोसोआ मुखुब जागोन। We all have a cycle of sleep. जोंहा गासैनिबो उन्दुनायनि मोनसे बेंखन दं। The prevention and cure of rickets by the formation of vitamin D through the skin by sunlight is of course firmly established. सानदुंजों बिगुरगेजेरजों भिटामिननि दानायजों बेगेंबेरामफोरखौ होबथानाय आरो सोखानाया थियै गोख्रोङौ गायजनजाबाय। We get better sleep if we go to sleep at a particular hour. जों मोनसे थि घन्टायाव उन्दुयोब्ला जों मोजांथार उन्दुनाय मोनो। For a few of us this cycle is at 9.00pm, 10.00pm or in few cases it may be as late as 4.00 am. 00 सिम गोबाव जानो हागौ। People who travel extensively around the world experience it more intensely. जाय सुबुङा बुहुमनि सोरगिदिं गोवारै हान्थियो बेखौ बांसिन गुवारै मोनरोंगौथिलायो। Regular air travellers suffer from mild to serious jet lag symptoms. सानफ्रोमबो बिरदिङा हान्थिनायफोरा गुरैनिफ्राय गोब्राब जेतबिरदिङा बिदुं लैखोनफोरखौ भुगियो। Crossing the time zone is known to disrupt the normal circadian rhythm. सम मण्डलखौ बारसनाया सरासनस्रा सारकेदियान खबामखौ हेंथासोमजिहोनायखौ मिथिजायो। If you have had a late night, you cannot make up for the lost sleep by going to bed early the next night. नोंहा हर गोबाव जादोंमोनब्ला उनखालि थाबनो उन्दुनु थांनानै उन्दुनाय खहा जानायखौ नों बानायनो हाया। Researchers at Stanford University and Montefine Hospital in New York have found that the body is not like a battery that needs to be recharged with rest each night. स्तेनफर्द भुमफरायसालि आरो निउ यर्कनि मन्तेफाइन फाहामसालिआव बिजिरसंग्राफोरा मोनबाय दि देहाया मोनसे बेतारिनि बादि नङा जायनो जिरायनायजों मोनफ्रोमबो हरावनो गोहोफोफिननांगौ। Sleeping and wakefulness are related to body temperature. उन्दुनाय आरो सांग्रांआबुंगोनांफोरा देहा बिदुंजों सोमोन्दोगोनां। This determines when a person can get proper sleep. बेयो थिजायो जेब्ला मानसि सासेया थि उन्दुनो हायो। If he breaks with the temperature cycle by sleeping early for instance he will have a fitful unsatisfactory rest. थाबनो उन्दुनानै बिदुं बेंखनजों बियो सेफायजायोब्ला, बिदिन्थि हिसाबै बियो दसेसमनि गोजोनमोनै जिरायनाय मोनगोन। Sunbathing has been advocated for keeping the cold away, developing immunity and robust health. गोजांनायखौ गोजानाव लाखिनो थाखाय होबथागोहोखौ जौगाहानानै आरो सावस्रिखौ गोख्रोंखालामनानै सानदुंसायनायनि बागै बुंनायजादों। People, who sleep long, say sixteen hours, do so because they sleep through two cycles for lack of an effective body wake-up signal. मानसिफोरा जाय गोबाव उन्दुयो बुंनोब्ला जिद घन्टा, बेबादि खालामो मानोना मोनसे देहा सांग्रां इसारानि आंखालनि थाखाय बिसोर मोननै बेंखननिफ्राय उन्दुयो। Hydrotherapy is known to help the insomniacs in a big way. उन्दुखनैफोरखौ गेदेर राहायै हेफाजाबहोनायनि थाखाय हायद्रथेरापिया मिथिजायो। Many treatments are useful to achieve good quality sleep. गोबां फाहामनायफोरा मोजां मानथाखोनि उन्दुनाय मोननो बाहायथावना। A relaxed body will help achieve good sleep. मोनसे जिरायनाय देहाया मोजां उन्दुनाय मोननो हेफाजाबहोगोन। The temperature rhythms of the body can be altered with the help of different water treatments. बायदि दै फाहामनायफोरनि हेफाजाबजों देहानि बिदुं खबामफोरखौ सोलायसोल खालामनो हायो। If you sleep in a room which is overcrowded or poorly ventilated your sleep will not be refreshing. नों मोनसे खथायाव उन्दुयोब्ला जाय बांसिन मानसिथुबुर एबा गाज्रि बारहाबहोनाय नोंनि उन्दुनाया थाजिम जानाय नङा। If you live in a congested area or in a noisy and busy road side or beside a railway track, your sleep will be disturbed. नों मोनसे बुफबनाय ओनसोल एबा मोनसे दावराव-दावसि एबा मुखुम लामा सेराव एबा रेल लामा खाथियाव जिउखुङोब्ला नोंनि उन्दुनाया खायसो जागोन। The body gets used to noise to a large extent. मोनसे अरथायसिम देहाया दावराव-दावसिजों आरजाथाव जायो। After a few days the noise does not affect your sleep to a great extent, but if you are a light sleeper it will affect your sleep. सानैसोनि उनाव दावराव-दावसिया मोनसे गेदेर अरथायसिम नोंनि उन्दुनायखौ खहाखालामनो हाया, नाथाय नों रेजें उन्दुग्राब्ला बेयो नोंनि उन्दुनायखौ खहा खालामगोन। Try to live in a quieter place or at least install an air conditioner to improve the situation if you cannot get sleep. नों उन्दुनो हायाब्ला थासारिखौ जौगाहानो निजोमसिन दाबसे जायगायाव जिउखुंनो नाजा एबा खमब्लाबो मोनसे बिदुं सामलायनाय राहाखालाम। When we take a sun bath it helps to relieve body pain and is relaxing. जेब्ला जों सानदुंसायनाय लायो बेयो मोदोम सानाय खमायनाय आरो आरामखालामनायाव हेफाजाबहोयो। If you cannot sleep, never mind, get up. नों उन्दुनु हायाब्ला जिंगा सिनाङा, सिखार। For example, sit in front of, say a tiny fish aquarium on an easy chair and watch the tiny fishes with bright colours. बिदिन्थि हिसाबै, आराम मासि गंसेयाव गंसे फिसा नानि एकुवारियाम मोखाङाव जिराय आरो गोजों गोबफोरनि फिसा नाफोरखौ नाय। Try not to think of anything else, watch the fishes coming and going, swimming, gliding, turning, meeting, crossing, chasing one another. गुबुन जेबोखौनो दासाननो नाजा, नाफोर थांनाय आरो फैनाय, सानस्रिनाय, फिस्लायलांनाय, गिदिंनाय, लोगोलालायनाय, बारसलायनाय, मासेया गुबुनमासेखौ होसोनायखौ नाय। Watch them as a child would. खुदिया गोरलैयै बादि बेफोरखौ नाय। A child enjoys these things more easily. बेफोर मुवाफोरखौ गासैबो खुदियाफोरा बांसिन गोरलैयै रंजायो। He imagines things much faster. बियो बेफोर मुवाफोरखौ बांसिन गोख्रैयै सानबोलावो। You tell the child a story and you can carry him to another world of fantasy and he enjoys it thoroughly. नों खुदियानो सल’ दोंसे खोन्था आरो सानबोलावरिनि गुबुन गंसे बुहुमाव बिखौ नों लांनो हायो आरो बियो बेखौ आबुङै रंजायो। Try to be like a child. खुदिया सासेनि बादि जानो नाजा। Think you are a fish and you are swimming in the water, gliding, turning, changing direction, flicking in a cold and clear water and all this is so pleasant, after a while you will feel drowsy, and it's time to get up and go to bed. सानना ला नों मासे ना आरो नों दैयाव सानस्रिना, फिसलायना, गिदिंना, दिग सोलायना दं, गुसु आरो साफा दैयाव लासैबुज्रांना आरो बेफोर गासैबो जोबोर गोजोन, दसे समनि उनाव नों उन्दुरुमा मोनदांगोन आरो बेयो सिखारनो आरो उन्दुहैनायनि सम। Another method would be to put on a tape - Bhajan, Ghazal or Classical music anything you like the most and listen. गुबुन मोनसे आदबा जागोन भजन, गजल एबा क्लासिकेल मेथाय, जायखिजाया नों बांसिन मोजां मोननाय आरो खोनासंनाय तेप गंसेयाव दामनाय। Do not invite it, do not crave for sleep, just lie down and relax. बेखौ दाहांख्रा हर, उन्दुनायनि थाखाय दालुबै, गोलां आरो आराम खालाम। Non-sleepers lose contact with reality and begin day dreaming. उन्दुयैफोरा नंगुबैजों सोमोनदो गोमायो आरो सान-सिमांनुनाय जागायो। Increase the duration of retention and the number of cycles as per your capacity. सामलायथिनि समखौ आरो नोंनि हानाय-गोहो बायदि सोरखिफोरनि बिबांखौ बांहो। When a person falls asleep, all activity decreases and muscles relax. जेब्ला मानसिआ उन्दुलाङो, गासैबो खामानिआ खमायो आरो मोदोमा फुरुङो। The heartbeat and breathing rate slow down. मैखुनमावनाय आरो हां-लानाय हारा लासैजाबोयो। As a person sleeps, the brain sends slower but larger and larger waves (through the electroencephalograph which is used to measure it). जेरै मानसिआ उन्दुयो, मेलेमा लासैसिन नाथाय बांसिन आरो बांसिन दैथुनफोर दैथाय-हरो (इलेकत्रएनसेफालग्राफजों जाय बेखौ सुयोमोन)। Most adults sleep for 7 to 8 1/2 hours every night. बांसिन गेदेर-सुबुंफोरा 7 निफ्राय 8 ½ घण्टानि थाखाय सानफ्रोमबो मोनायाव उन्दुयो। Some adults can manage with only six hours of sleep. माखासे गेदेर-सुबुंफोरा द’ घण्टानि उन्दुनायजों ल’ सामलायनो हायो। At 60, people may need less than seven hours of sleep. 60आव, सुबुंफोरा स्नि घण्टानि खमसिन उन्दुनाय नांनो गाहौ। We require both slow-wave sleep and dreaming sleep. जोंनो मोननैबो लासै-दैथुन-उन्दुनाय आरो सिमां-उनदुनाय नागौ। Extra sleep of either kind does not make up for a lack of the other. जिखुनुजा रोखोमनि उफ्रा उन्दुनाया गुबुननि आंखालनि थाखाय खहा-सुफुङा। Slow-wave sleep helps to restore the control of the brain and nervous system over the muscles, glands, and other body systems. लासै-दैथुन-उन्दुनाया मेलेमनि दबथायनाय आरो मोदोमफोर, बिथोबफोर आरो गुबुन देहा- बिखानथिफोरनि सायाव बिसोम-बिखानथिखौ मोनफिनो हेफाजाब होयो। If you are not able to sleep do not get worried because even if you do not sleep the whole night, just lie down and relax for eight hours. जुदि नों उन्दुनो हायाखै, सिनथा दाजा मानोना जुदि नों आखा-थमब्लेद उनदुआबाबो गोलां आरो दाइन घण्टानि थाखाय आराम खालाम। Dreaming sleep may be important to keep up with mental activities like learning, reasoning, and emotional adjustment. सिमां-नुनाय-उन्दुनाया मेलेमारि खामानिफोर जेरै सोलोंनाय, साननाय, आरो गोसोआरि गोरोब-होनायजों सामलायनो गोनां जानो होगौ। Scientists are trying to find out why human beings need to sleep and how it restores vigour to the body. गोनोखोगिरिफोरा दिहुनो नाजादों, सुबुंफोरनो मानो उनदुनाय नांगौ आरो बेयो देहायाव माबोरै बोलो होफिननो। For instance, insects do not sleep, they simply rest. बिदिनथि-महरै, एमफौफोरा उन्दुआ, बिसोरो आराम ल’ खालामो। Sleep is the period of rest during which the sleeper loses awareness of his surroundings. उन्दुनाया आराम-खालामनायनि सम जे समाव उनदुग्राया गावनि बेंखनफोरनि सांग्रांथिखौ खोमाया। Good quality sleep is essential for good health. मोजां मानथाखो उन्दुनाया मोजां देहानि थाखाय गोनां। It will bring down the blood pressure, alleviate allergy, calm down gastric problems and will soothe the nerves. बेयो थै-नारसिनथाय गाहायाव लाबोगोन, मानलुनाय खमायगोन, गेसत्रिक जेंनाफोरखौ सुग्लायगोन आरो बिसोमखौ गोजोनहोगोन। You will get up with a clear mind, full of energy and with a bouncing heart. नों साफा गोसोजों, फुरा बोलो आरो खुसि-मैखुनजों सिखारगोन। You will be able to take on physical labour and the tension of the day without getting tired. नों देहायारि खामानि आरो साननि सिनथाखौ मेंआलाबा लानो हागोन। As soon as they put their head to the pillow, in no time they are in a deep sleep. लोगो-लोगो बिसोरो गानदुआव गावसोरनि खर’आव दोनो, बिसोरो दसेआवनो गोदो-गोदो-उनदुगोन। Sleep does have different depths at different hours of the night. उन्दुनाया हरनि गुबुन-गुबुन समाव गुबुन-गुबुन थौनायफोर दं। It is equal to four hours of deep sleep. बेयो ब्रै घण्टानि गोदे-गेदो उन्दुनायजों समान। For instance, thieves are active always around the early hours of the morning around 2.00 am when most of the people are in deep slumber and noise, often, does not seem to wake them up. बिदिनथि महरै, सिखावफोरा फ्राय फुंनि 2:00 समनि फ्राय गिबि घण्टायाव जेब्लायबो मावथि, जेब्ला बांसिन सुबुंफोरा गोदो-गोदो उन्दुयो आरो दावरावा गले-गले बिसोरखौ फोजानाय बायदि नुआ। There are also people who dread nights because each night to them is a struggle to get some sleep. सुबुंफोरबो दं जाय हरफोरखौ गियो मानोना बिसोरनो हरफ्रोमबोआ इसे उन्दुनाय मोननो नाजानाय। They get up tired, morose and literally have to push themselves to do their daily work. बिसोरो मेंनानै, सोम-सोमै सिखारो आरो थुनलायारियै गावबागावखौ गावसोरनि सानफ्रोमबोनि-खामानि खालामनो नारनांगौ। In the process, they get tired quickly during the day. बे फारिखानथिआव, सानाव बिसोरो थाबै मेंनाय मोनो। It may happen to a top executive, to a businessman fighting too many problems all the time, to an affluent housewife, to a man overtired with physical labour or even to a girl in her thirties losing her charm fast and finding herself less attractive to boys, and in a hurry to be hooked in marriage. बेयो जौसिन मावफुंग्रानाव, फालांगियारिनाव जानो हागौ, मोनसे समाव बांद्राय गोबां जेंनाफोर जुजिलायनाय, धोनि नख’रनि-बिगोमाजोनाव, देहायारि खामानिजों मेंग्लिनाय मानसिनाव एबा हिनजावनावबो गावनि थामजिफोराव गावनि समायनायखौ थाबै गोमानाय आरो गावखौनोगाव हौवाफोरनो खम समायनाय मोननाय, आरो हाखु-दाखु जुलिआव गोसोजायो। Less sleep produces black circles round the eyes and takes away the shine from the skin thus making it less attractive. खम उन्दुनाया मेगननि सोरगिदिं गोसोम बेंखननायफोर दिहुनो आरो बिगुरनिफ्राय जोंनायखौ फोजोबो बिबदियै बेखौ खम समायनाय बानायनाय। Boys who have finished their education and are looking forward to start their career and not able to do so, may not sleep adequately. हौवाफोर जाय गावसोरनि सोलोंथायखौ फोजोबाय आरो गावसोरनि जिवहाबाखौ जुरिनो मिजिंथिगासिनो दं आरो बे बायदि खालामनो हायाया, थोजासे उन्दुनाय नङाबो जानोहागौ। Sleep is disturbed when you have a maladjusted family. उन्दुनाया खायसो जायो जेब्ला नोंहा आरजाथाव-नङै नख’र दं। When the wife does not co-operate with the husband When the wife does not cooperate with the husband जेब्ला बिसिआ फिसायजों लोगोसेयै-मावफाया। If you have taken a loan and are not able to pay it back. जुदि नों दाहार लादोंमोन आरो बेखौ होफिननो हायाखै। Thus you will never suffer due to lack of sleep. बेनिखायनो नों उन्दुनायनि खहाजों जेब्लायबो बुगिनाय नङा। Any worry can put you off from sleep. जिखुनुजा सिनथाया उन्दुनायनिफ्राय नोंखौ गोजानाव दोनगोन। All of us dream, mostly in the early hours of the morning, when sleep is light. जों गासिबो सिमां-नुयो, बांसिन फुंनि गिबि समफोराव जेब्ला उन्दुनाया रेजें। They could be pleasant dreams. बिसोरो गोजोन सिमांफोर जानो हागौ। Many have difficulty getting sleep and when they do get to sleep, they have horrible dreams which turn into nightmares. बांसिना उन्दुनाय मोननो गोब्राब जायो आरो देब्ला बिसोरो उन्दुनो मोननो, बिसोर गिथाव-बाथाव सिमांफोर नुयो जाय गिलु-बालु-सिमाङाव सोलाययो। These dreams are unpleasant. बेफोर सिमाङा गोजोनथावै। Some see tigers, cats, snakes, or else they find their body falling down from a hill. माखासेफोरा मोसाफोर, मावजिफोर, जिबौफोर नुयो नङाबोला बिसोरो गावसोरनि मोदोमखौ हाजोनिफ्राय गाहायाव गोग्लैनाय मोननो। They seem to face a great danger not being able to dress up properly or put on their shoes or even walk. बिसोरो गेदेर खैफोदखौ मोगा-मोगि जानाय मोननो थियै सि-जोम एबा गावसोरनि फैथाफोरखौ गाननो हायै एबा थाबायनोखौबो। Your legs have gone heavy you are not able to walk; you are trying to run but are not able to put your foot forward. नोंनि आथिंफोरा गिलार जालांबाय, नों थाबायनो हायाखैसै, नों खारनो नाजादों नाथआय नोंनि आथिंखौ आवगायनो हायाखैसै। You see the same dream night after night. हरनि-उनाव-हर नों एखे सिमांखौ नुयो। You wake up tired, morose, without any zeal in the heart, you feel weak as if somebody has drained you of all the energy, the mind is fogged and the head is heavy. नों मेंनानै, सोम-सोमै सिखारो आरो नोंनि मैखुनाव जेबो थुलुंगा-खांनाय गैयालाबा, नों लोरबां मोननो जेरै सोरबा नोंनि गासैबो गोहोखौ सोबखांनाय बायदि, गोसोआ मेन्द्ला आरो खर’आ गिलिर। It will not hamper your work, so be assured, if you crave for sleep you drive it away. बेयो नोंनि खामानिखौ हेंथा-होनाय नङा बेनिखायनो थि जा, जुदि नों उन्दुनायनि थाखाय लुबैयो नों बेखौ फुहर। You are exhausted and have no enthusiasm to work. नों मेंग्लिबाय आरो खामानि-मावनो थुलुंगा गैया। The sleeping condition can never be achieved through personal efforts. उन्दुनाय अब्सथाया जेब्लायबो गावारि नाजानायजों मोननो हाया। It comes of its own accord after the cessation of all mental activities. बेयो गावनि गाव गोरोबथाजों फैयो गासैबो गोसोआरि सांग्रांथिफोर जोबनायनि उनाव। But you can do it by preparing mentally: a good background in an effort to get good quality sleep. नाथाय नों गोसोआरियै थियारि जानानै बेखौ खालामनो हागोन: नाजानायाव मोनसे मोजां थासारि मोजां गुन उन्दुनाय मोननो। Do not go to sleep immediately if you are overtired or tensed. जुदि नों बांद्राय-मेंदों एबा सिनथा-जादों दसेयैनो उन्दुनो दाथां। Take a little more time before you go to bed. नों उन्दुहैनायनि सिगां इसे बुरजा सम ला। Let your thoughts concentrated on the aching muscles and try to relax them one by one. नोंनि साननायफोरखौ मोदोम-गेहेनफोर सानायाव गोसोहो आरो बिसोरखौ मोनसेनि-उनाव-मोनसे फुरुंनो नाजा। Loosen your nerves till the body feels like a crumpled piece of cloth in your own bed as if you have no muscles and no bones. मोदोमा नोंनि गावनि एमाव थुख्रासे थनथ्रबनाय सि बायदि जानायसिम जेन नोंहा मोदोम-गेहेनफोर गैया आरो बेगें गैया बायदि नोंनि बिसोमफोरखौ फुरुं। After you have done so, do the same thing with your mind. बे बायदि खालामनायनि उनाव , नोंनि गोसोजों एखेखौनो खालाम। Do not concentrate on any specific idea, quieten your thoughts, do not try to solve any problem. जिखुनुजा थि सोलोआव गोसो दाहो, नोंनि साननायखौ सिरि-खालाम, जिखुनुजा जेनाखौ बोस्रांनो दानाजा। After two days without sleep, they lose concentration. साननैनि उनाव उन्दुनाय गैयाब्ला, बिसोरो धियान गोमायो। Try to remove all the ideas, impressions, sensations you had in the day. सानाव नों मोननाय गासैबो सोलोफोर, गोहोमफोर, मोनदांथिफोरखौ बोखारनो नाजा। Do not force the pace, do this quietly as if you are talking and persuading your mind. आगानखौ बोलो दाहो, बेखौ सिरियै खालाम जेन नों रायलायदों आरो नोंनि गोसोखौ फुल्सायदों। As days of continuous effort go by, you will realise you can do much better every time. सानफ्रोमबोनि नाजाबायथानाया बारलाङो, नों मिथिनों मोनगोन नों मोनफ्रोमबो समाव साबसिन खालामनो हागौ। If you can master the sleep technique, you will feel relaxed and feel that the body is like a piece of cloth and that you are thoroughly relaxed from toe to head. जुदि उन्दुनाय सोलोखौ नों रेंगौथि हायोब्ला, नों आराम मोनगोन आरो मोनगोन दि मोदोमा सिनि थुख्रा बायदि आरो नों आथिं-आसिनिफ्राय आख’सिम फुरायै आराम-मोनबाय। Just keep yourself in a tranquil condition. नों गावखौनो निजोम थासारिआव दोन। You will never realise, when you drop into a restful refreshing sleep. नों जेब्लायबो मिथिनाय नङा, माबोला नों आराम थाजिम उन्दुनायाव गोग्लैगोन। If you persevere in this exercise you will succeed and one day you will be able to master it. जुदि नों बे बियामखौ सोलिबाय थायोब्ला नों देरहागोन आरो सानसे समाव नों बेखौ रेंगौथि खालामनो हागोन। Sleep will no more be a problem Sleep will no more be a problem उन्दुनाया जेंना जानाय नंला। There are doctors who recommend meditation for five to ten minutes before going to bed. फाहामगिरिफोर दं जाय उन्दुनायनि सिगां बानिफ्राय जि मिनिटनि थाखाय ध्यान-खालामोन बोसोनहोयो। At all costs, avoid taking a sleeping pill even if you cannot get proper sleep. जिखुनुजा राहायै, उन्दुनाय-बरि जानायखौ एंगार जुदि नो थि उन्दुनाय मोनाखैब्लाबो। Many mistakes are made even in their ordinary, routine tasks. गोबां गोरोनथिफोरा खालामजोयो बिसोरनि सरासनस्रा खामानि फारिलाइफोरावबो। The sleep you get after swallowing a sleeping pill is not a good quality sleep. उन्दुनाय-बरि मननायनि उनाव नों मा उन्दुनाय मोननोआ मोजां गुन उन्दुनाय नङा। Next morning you may have a hangover, feel drowsy and the greatest drawback of all is that you may get addicted to the pill and may not be able to sleep without taking the pill. अखानायै फुङाव नों खर’-थिंथिं-सानाय मोनगोन, उन्दुनो-ओंखारनाय मोनगोन आरो गासैनिफ्राय गेदेरसिन जेंनाया दि नों बरिनि थाखाय निसा-नांनो हागौ आरो बरि जायालाबा उन्दुनो हानाय नङा। There are countless dreams without any connection or interest. सानख’नो हायै सिमांफोर दं जेबो सोमोनदो आबा गोसो गैयालाबा। The mind is like a television camera. गोसोआ गोजान-नुथाय-केमेरा बायदि। It records all thoughts, experiences, happenings, pleasant moments, dreadful moments, childhood, school days, college days, sorrows and excitements, failures, achievements, tortures done on yourself and all these things come back to you. बेयो गावनावनो गासैबो साननायफोर, रोंमोनदांथिफोर, जाथायफोर, गोजोन- बुब्लिफोर, गिलु-बालु-बुब्लिफोर, गथ’सम, फरायसालि-समफोर, फरायसालिमा-समफोर, दुखुफोर आरो बोदोरबावलिफोर, उदखारफोर खालामजानाय आरो बेफोर गासैबो गावनावनो फैफिनो। It records like an unconcerned machine and records all the events that comes in its way. बेयो गोसोगैयै मेसिन बायदि लिरना-दोनो आरो गासैबो जाथायफोर जाय बेनि लामायाव फैयोखौ लिरना-दोनो। When you feel you can easily hold your breath longer, prolong the period to 10-15 seconds. जेब्ला नों मोनदाङो, नों गोरलैयै नोंनि हांखौ गोलावसिन हमथानो हायो, 10-15 सेकेद सम सिम फलावनो हायो। If you feel tension around the temple or head or tightness in the lungs, it means you are exceeding the limit. जुदि नों खुम एबा खर’ सोरगिदिं सिनथा मोनदाङो एबा संफ्ल’आव थेथेमोनो, बेनि ओंथाआ नों सिमाखौ बारबाय। After completing this practice take a few deep breaths and do savasana. बे सर’खौ खालामखांनायनि उनाव इसे हां गोलाव ला आरो साबासाना खालाम। It develops harmony between the nerves and the mind. बिसोमफोर आरो गोसो गेजेराव बेयो गोरोबलायनाय जौगाहोयो। Anyone who goes without sleep for three days may have great difficulty in thinking, seeing and hearing clearly. जायखिजाया जाय सानथामनिनि थाखाय उन्दुआहा साननाय, नुनाय आरो साफायै खोनाननायाव गोबां गोब्राब जानोहागौ । If done correctly, you will feel yourself brimming with energy. जुदि थियै खालामजायो, नों गावखौनो गोहोजों बुंनायमोनगोन। It will increase your capacity to work. बेयो नोंनि खामानि-मावनो हानाय-गोखौ बांहोगोन। It will help those suffering from low blood pressure or laziness. बेयो गाहाय-थै-नारसिनथाय एबा अलसिया-जानायनिफ्राय भुगिनायफोरखौ हेफाजाबहोगोम। It is not advisable for patients with high blood pressure or heart disease. बेयो गोजौ-थै-नारसिनथाय एबा मैखन-बेरामगोना बेरामिफोरनि थाखाय बोसोनहोथाव नङा। You are ready to retain your breath after breathing out. नों नोंनि हांखौ हं-हगारनायनि उनाव हमथाफिननो थियारि जाबाय। Breathe normally, smoothly and slowly emptying the lungs as far as possible, without straining. लोरबांजायालाबा, एसेबां हायो एसेबां संफ्ल’खौ लांदांखालामनानै सरासनस्रायै, मिहियै आरो लासैयै हांला। Hold the breath as long as possible then inhale normally, continue for 10 minutes. हांखौ एसेबां हायो एसेबां हमथा, बेनि उनाव सरासनस्रायै हांला, 10 मिनिटनि थाखाय खालामबायथा। Pressures at the temple and a feeling of gasping in the abdomen indicate that you have crossed your limit. खुमाव नारसिननाय आरो उदैआव हां-सरथेनायनि मोनदांनाया दिनदियो दि नों नोंनि सिमाखौ बारबाय। Take a few deep breaths and do savasana. इसे हां गोलाव ला आरो साबासाना खालाम। This is good for relaxation and helps to reduce blood pressure. बेयो आराम-मोननायनि थाखाय मोजां आरो थै नारसिनथाय खमायनो हेफाजाबहोयो। He may pass through periods of hallucinations. बियो साथा-माथा-नुनाय-खोनानायफोरनि समजों बारगनो हागौ। It brings about quietness of mind. बेयो फ्राय गोसोनि निजोम लाबोयो। They are of three types - Jalandhara Bandha, Uddiyana Bandha and Moola Bandha. बिसोरो मोनथाम रोखोमनि – जालानदारा बानदा, उद्दियाना बानदा आरो मुला बानदा। They are used during internal retention after you have mastered the rhythm of breathing. नों हांलानायनि खबामखौ रोंगौथि खालामखांनायनि उनाव बेफोरो सिङारि सामलायथि समाव बाहायजायो। These two bandhas can be introduced when you are able to retain your breath for 10-15 seconds. जेब्ला नों नोंनि हांखौ 10-15 सेकेन्दनि थाखाय हमथाफिननो हायो बेफोर मोननै बानदाफोरा जागायनो हायो। External retention can be combined with Uddiyana by a advanced students. दावगानाय फरायसाफोरजों बायजोआरि सामलायथिआ उद्दियानाजों ज’खालामजानो हायो। After external retention, one pulls in the abdomen (Uddiyana). बायजोआरि सामलायथिनि उनाव, सासेआ उदैआव (उद्दियाना) बोयो। As stability is gained by practice we can reduce the number of normal breathing periods. सर’जों दिदोमथिआ आरजिजायो, जों गोबां सरासनस्रा हांलानाय समफोरखौ खमायनो हायो। Remember while doing bandhas, do not to strain the neck. बानदाफोर खालामनायाव गोसोखां, गोदोनाखौ लोरबां दाखालाम। Do not use force at any point. जिखुनुजा समाव बोलो दाबाहाय। Do not do external or internal retention with bandhas more than 6-8 cycles at a stretch. खेबसेआव 6-8 सोरखिफोरनि बारा बानदाफोरजों बायजोआरि एबा सिङारि सामलायथि दाखालाम। It should be done once a day only and it is always better to seek training from a good yogi. बेयो सानसेआव खेबसे ल’ खालामजानांगौ आरो बेयो मोजां यगिनिफ्राय सोलोंथाय नागिरनो जेब्लायबो साबसिन। You will feel air entering the upper lobes of your lungs. नों बारखौ नोंनि संफ्ल’फोरनि गोजौ संफ्ल’ बाहागोफोराव हाबनाय मोनदांगोन। In many cases a lot of improvement can be achieved by breaking the habit of shallow breathing. गोजां जाथायफोराव, गोबां साबस्रांनाया इसे-गोथौ हांलानायनि हुदाखौ सिफायनानै मोननो हायो। Keep your circles intact and fold three other fingers in the form of a half fist and put back on your knees or thigh facing down and start breathing the same way again, you will find your breath entering the middle lobes of your lungs. नोंनि सोरखिफोरखौ ज’यै दोन आरो मोनथाम गुबुन आरिफोरखौ खावसे आखाय-मुथानि महराव थन आरो गाहायथिं मोखां-जानानै नोंनि हानथु एबा फेनदायाव दोनफिन आरो एखे रोखोमै आरोबाव हांलानाय जुरिफिन, नों नोंनि हांखौ संफ्ल’फोरनि गेजेर संफ्ल’ बाहागोफोराव हाबनाय मोनगोन। Repeat the 15-second cycle 5 to10 times. 15 सेकेन्द सोरखिखौ 5निफ्राय 10 बार जावलेफिन। First, place your thumb across your palm so that the tips touch the base of the little finger. गिबिआव, नोंनि आसि बिमाखौ नोंनि आखाय थालानि फारसेथिं दोन बिजौआ आसि फिसानि गुदिखौ दांनो हानायनि थाखाय। Now close the four fingers over thumb to form a fist. दानिआ मोनब्रै आसिफोरखौ आसि-बिमानि सायाव मारि, आखाइ-मुथानि महर होनो। Place your fists on your thighs or knees facing downwards and repeat the breath cycle again. नोंनि आखाइ-मुथाफोरखौ गाहायथिं मोखांजानानै नोंनि फेन्दाफोर एबा हानथुफोराव दोन आरो हांलानाय सोरखिखौ आरोबाव खालामफिन। you will feel air entering the lower lobes of your lungs. नों बारखौ नोंनि संफ्ल’फोरनि गाहाय बाहागोफोराव हाबनाय मोनदांगोन। There are 3 other Mudras which will help you to relax and while doing them you will feel peace and tranquillity riding over your mind. 3 गुबुन मुद्राफोर दं जाय नोंखौ आराम मोननो हेफाजाब होगोन आरो जेब्ला बेफोरखौ खालामगोन नों गोजोननाय आरो नोंनि गोसो सायाव निजोम खारसारनाय मोनगोन। Keep all other finger extended and keep again on knees or thighs but this time palm facing upwards. गासैबो गुबुन आसिखौ फोलावनानै दोन आरो हानथुफोर एबा फोन्दाफोराव आरोबाव दोन नाथाय बे समाव आखाय-थालाया गोजौथिं मोखांजानानै। Breathe normally, and now gradually slow it down. सरासनस्रायै हांला, आरो दा बेखौ लासैयै खमाय। Mudras of your hand are important and play a role in altering the breathing and giving a calming effect to your mind. नोंनि आखाइनि मुद्राफोरा गोनां आरो हां लानाय सोलायनायावबिफाव गेलेयो आरो नोंनि गोसोआव गोजोन जाउन होयो। Here you bring the tips of your index fingers down to touch the middle joint of your thumbs. बेवहाय नों नोंनि आसि-थुग्राफोरनि बिजौफोरखौ नोंनि आसि-बिमाफोरनि गेजेर गानथिखौ दांनो गाहायाव लाबोयो। Here the tips of your index fingers slide down further to the base of the thumb. बेवहाय नोंनि आसि-थुग्राफोरनि बिजौफोरा आसि-बिमाफोरनि गुदि गाहायसिम उफ्रा गोग्लैयो। The hands are open and facing upwards. आखाइफोरा गेवनाय आरो गोजौथिं मोखांजायो। Put your left hand down in your lap facing upwards. गोजौथिं मोखांजानानै नोंनि फेन्दायाव नोंनि आगसि आखाइखौ गाहायाव दोन। Place your right hand on your left hand facing upwards. गोजौथिं मोखांजानानै नोंनि आगदा आखाइखौ नोंनि आगसि आखायाव दोन। This is a mudra for deep relaxation. बेयो गोथौ–आराममोननायनि थाखाय मोनसे मुद्रा। This mudra was used by Buddha and Mahabir for meditation. बे मुद्राया धियाननि थाखाय बुद्धा आरो महाबिरजों बाहायजादोंमोन। In these Mudras you do not count seconds. बे मुद्राफोराव नों सेकेन्दफोर साना। Do not hold in or hold out the air. बारखौ सिङाव एबा बाहेरायाव हाहमथा। Just watch how your breathing continues, without any conscious manipulations. नाय ल’ माबोरै नोंनि हांआ सलियो, जिखुनुजा सांग्रां बाहायनायफोर गैयालाबा। You do them with palms facing downwards or upwards. नों बिसोरखौ आखाय-थालाफोरजों गाहाय-थिंजै एबा गोजौ-थिंजै मोखांजानानै खालाम। You can keep on changing the mudras of your hand as you go on doing the pranayama. नोंनि आखाइनि मुद्राफोरखौ नों सोलायबायथानो हायो जेब्ला नों प्रानायामा खालामबाय थायो। Mahabandha with PranayamaWhen doing Bandhas in Pranayama, special mudra of hands is useful. प्रानायामाजों महाबानदा, प्रानायामायाव जेब्ला बानदा खालामनाय, आखायफोरनि जुनिया मुद्राफोरा गोनां। Put your right thumb on your right palm and close with all fingers. नोंनि आगदा आसि-बिमाखौ नोंनि आगदा आखाय-थालायाव दोन आरो गासैबो आसिफोरजों खोब। Same way do the left hand. एखे-लामायै आगसि आखाइजों खालाम। Place the hands on your lap touching the knuckles face to face and fists facing upwards. आखाइखौ नोंनि फेन्दायाव दोन आसिनि-गानथिखौ मोखांजों मोखां दांनाननै आरो आखाइ-मुथाफोरखौ गोजौथिंजै मोखांजानानै। This mudra is useful when pranayama is done with retention of the air inside or outside. बे मुद्राया गोनां जेब्ला प्रानायामाया सिङाव एबा बाहेरायाव बारनि हमथानायजों खालामजायो। While retaining of air it must be done simultaneously with three safety valves. जेब्ला बारखौ हमथायो, बेयो मोनथाम खैफोद-गैयै खफाफोरजों खेबसेयैनो खालामजाथारनांगोन। The head should bend forward, the chin should be brought close to chest, the anus should be drawn in, the abdomen should be drawn in and should be continued till the retention continues. खर’आ सिगांथि गंनांगोन, खखाबखौ जेरबानि खाथिआव लाबोनांगोन, खि-लामाखौ सिङाव लाबोनांगोन, उदैखौ सिङाव लाबोनांगोन, आरो हमथानाय सोलोजासिम सोलिबाय थानांगोन। This is also called Mahabandha. बेयो महाबानदाबो बुंजायो। If you find that you cannot do pranayama, may be you do not have suitable time or place or that it does not suit your temperament. जुदि नों मोनो दि नों प्रानायामाखौ खालामनो हाया, जानो हागौ नोंहा थि सम एबा जायगागैया एबा बेयो नोंनि आखुखौ आरजाया। Do it sitting and keep your spine straight. जिरायनाय आव-फावआव खालाम आरो नोंनि सिनस्रिखौ थों दोन। Never mind, you may try something else more vigorous, and for which you do not require a silent or secluded place. गाज्रि दामोन, नों गुबुन मोनसे बांसिन गोख्रों नाजानो हायो आरो जायनि थाखाय नोंनो सिरि एबा निजोम जायगा नाङा। It might agree with your temperament if it is more vigorous. बेयो नोंनि आखुजों गोरोबो जानो हागौ जुदि बेयो बांसिन गोख्रों। And that is swimming, more precisely, breast-stroke swimming. आरो बेयो जादों सानस्रिनाय, बांसिन थियै, बिखा-दावनानै सानस्रिनाय। While swimming, you will remember how breathless you have felt when you first started. जेब्ला सानस्रियो, नों गोसोखांगोन नों बेसेबां हांगैयै मोनदांदोन जेब्ला नों सिगाङाव जुरिजेनदोंमोन। You had to hold the breath for a certain period and then gasp for breath. नों माखासे समनि थाखाय हांखौ हमथानानै लानांगोन आरो उनाव हांनि थाखाय गलाव-हां-ला। The capacity to cope progressed as you practiced and became more experienced. जौगानायखौ सामलायनो हानाय-गोहो जेरै नों सर’खालामो आरो बांसिन रोंमोनदांनाय जायो। Swimming is one of the best forms of exercise, because you are buoyant and capable of moving all your limbs and body in every possible direction. सानस्रिनाया बियामनि मोनसे साबसिन महर, मानोना नों गोजावना-थानोहायो आरो नोंनि गासैबो अंग’फोर आरो मोदोमखौ मोनफ्रोमबो जानोहाथाव दिकाव सोमावनायनि गोहो दं। Swimming will help you not only as exercise but will have all the benefit of pranayama included. सानस्रिनाया नोंखौ बियाम बायदि ल’ हेफाजाब होनाय नङा नाथाय प्रानायामा सोदेरजाफानायनि गासैबो मुलामफाबो होगोन। You will lose weight if you are overweight and gain weight if you are underweight. नों अजन खमायगोन जुदि नों अजनबारा आरो अजन बारायगोन जुदि नों अजन खम। When it is functioning, it flattens out more and more, pressing the abdominal organs downwards and arching the abdomen outwards. जेब्ला बेयो खामानि-मावगासिनो दं, बेयो गोबांनिफ्राय गोबां दाब्ले खालामो, उदै अंगफोरखौ गाहायथिजै नारसिननानै आरो उदैखौ बाहेराथिं फदबनानै। You can do it in Padmasana, Vajrasana, sitting cross legged or even sitting on a chair. नों बेखौ पादमासाना, भाजरासाना, आथिं-हेबनानै जिरायनाय एबा मासिआव जिरायनानैबो खालामनो हायो। In upper breathing, it is the upper part of the lungs which fills up with air. गोजौ-हालानायाव, बेयो संफ्ल’नि गोजौ बाहागो जाय बारजों बुंहो जायो। In middle breathing, only the middle and a bit of the upper parts are used. गेजेर-हांलानायाव, गेजेरा ल’ आरो गोजौ बाहागोफोरनि एसेफोरा बाहायजायो। In abdominal breathing the entire lower and middle parts are filled up with air, hence this is the best of the three. उदैआरि हांलानायाव, गासैबो गाहाय आरो गेजेर बाहागोफोरा बारजों बुंहोजायो, बेनिथाखाय बेयो मिनथामनि गेजेराव साबसिनथार। The best type of breathing however would be when the upper, middle and the lower part of the lungs are filled up with air. जायखिजादोआ हांलानायनि साबसिनथार रोखोमा जागोन जेब्ला संफ्ल’फोरनि गोजौ, गेजेर आरो गाहाय बाहागो बारजों बुंहोजायो। It is called pranayama breathing. बेखौ प्रानायामा हांलानाय बुङो। It puts the entire respiratory system into action, including every cell and muscle. बेयो गासैबो हां-लानाय बिखानथिखौ मावथायाव दोनो, गासैबो जिबख्रि आरो गेहेनखौ सोजाबफानानै। Many people breathe through their mouths, especially while speaking. गोबां सुबुंफोरा गावसोरनि खुगाफोरजों हांलायो, जुनियायै जेब्ला रायलायो। As a habit, many neglect to breathe through their nose while sleeping. हुदा बायदि, गोबाङा जेब्ला उन्दुयो गावसोरनि हुनथंजों हां-लानो नेवसियो। This habit has to be curbed. बे हुदायो सिमा होजानांगोन। Pay more attention to your ways of breathing. नोंनि हांलानाय लामाफोराव बांसिन गोसो हो। Form a circle by touching the tips of your index finger and thumbs. नोंनि आसि-थुग्रा आरो आसि-बिमाफोरनि बिजौखौ दांनानै सोरखि दा। Be careful, and see how your child breathes. सांग्रां जा आरो नाय नोंनि गथ’आ माबोरै हांलायो। If he acquires a right habit he will carry it throughout his life. जुदि बियो थि हुदा मोनो, बेयो गावनि जिव थासानदि दैदेनलांगोन। Many children breathe through their mouths. गोबां गथ’फोरा गावसोरनि खुगाफोरजों हां लायो। Their growth will be stunted, and the thyroid will not function properly. बिसोरनि देरनाया फिसा-जागोन, आरो थाइर’इडा थियै खामानि होनाय नङा। They will have problems of bad throat and tonsils. बिसोर गाज्रि गारमा आरो थनसिलफोरनि जेंना मोननो हागौ। Adenoid seems to be a cause for breathing through the mouth, but it is the other way round if we teach our children right breathing their adenoids can be controlled. एडिनाइडा खुगाजों हांलानायनि थाखाय जाहोन नुजायो, नाथाय बेयो गुबुन बिथिङै जुदि जों जोंनि गथ’फोरखौ थि हांलानाय फोरोङो एडिनाइडा दबथायजानो हागौ। The nose has been equipped with all the defence devices. गुनथंआ गासैबो हबथाग्रा-मुवाफोरजों थियारि-खालामजाबाय। The air we breathe is filtered by the hair in the nose to remove dust particles and small insects. जों हांलानाय बारा गुनथंनि खोमोनजों सरजायो हाद्रि मुवाफोर आरो फिसा एमफौफोरखौ बिखारनो। Further as the air passes the winding passage before it reaches the lungs, it is warmed, if too cold, and cooled if it is too warm, and so it is made more suitable. बेनि उनगाय, जेब्ला बारा खेंख्र-खेंख्रि लामाजों बारो बे संफ्ल’फोर मोनहैनायनि सिगां, बेयो दुङो जुदि जोबोद गुसु, आरो सुयो जुदि बेयो जोबोद गुदुं, आरो बेनिखायनो बेयो बांसिन थि खालामजायो। Our breathing changes to avoid, as much as we can, of these toxic gases. जोंनि हांलानाया बेफोर बिसगोनां बारफोरखौ जों एसेबां हायो एसेबां एंगारनो सोलायो। Do not put any pressure; otherwise the circle will become angular. जिखुनुजा नारसिनथाय दाहो; नङाब्ला सोरखिआ जंफाथ जागोन। Adenoid helps us to fight the harmful bacteria and viruses which find their way along with the air we breathe. एडिनाइडा जोंखौ खैफोदगोनां जिबसा आरो बिस-जिबसाफोरखौ बुलायनो हेफाजाबहोयो जाय गावसोरनि लामाखौ जों हांलानाय बारजों लोगोसे मोननो। Adenoids are useful, so do not be in a hurry to cut them off when you have tonsillitis because many a time the problem of a bad throat persist even after the tonsils are removed. एडिनाइडफोरा गोनां, बेनिखायनो जेब्ला नोंहा थनसिललाइतिस जायोब्ला बिसोरखौ हासनो थाखाय हाखु-दाखु दाजा, मानोना गोबां समनि थाखाय गाज्रि हारमानि जेंनाया थनसिलफोरा बोखारजानायनि उनावब्लाबो जाफिनो। We have now realized that tonsils are useful and a part of our immunity system helping us to fight diseases. जों दानिया बुजिमोनबाय दि थनसिलफोरा गोनां आरो जोंनि होबथा-होगो-बिखानथिनि मोनसे बाहागो जोंखौ बेरामफोर बुलायनो हेफाजाब होयो। In learning the right way of breathing we must proceed slowly and avoid overexerting ourselves. हां-लानायनि थि लामाखौ सोलोंनो, जों लासैयै आवगायनांथारगोन आरो गावखौनो बांद्राय-बियामनिफ्राय एंगारनागोन। Too much of anything is bad and this is also true if we are erratic or disordered during the practice of pranayama. जायखिजायानि बांद्रायनाया गाज्रि आरो बेबो थार दि जुदि जों नेंजों-सोलिया एबा प्रानायामानि सर’ समाव बेलेबेजे। In deep inhalation we push down the diaphragm by expanding the lungs. गोथौ हां लानायाव, जों संफ्ल’खौ बारायनायजों गेजेरबिसिखौ गाहायाव नारहरो। Expanding the abdomen has caused air to enter the lower part of our lungs. उदैखौ फुवारनाया बारखौ जोंनि संफ्ल’फोरनि गाहाय बाहागोआव हाबहोबाय। To be sure you may place the palm of your hand on the abdomen to feel the movement. थार जानो मावनायखौ मोनदांनो नों नोंनि आखाइनि आखाइ थालाखौ उदैआव दोन। Men will find that the first phase of yoga breathing is not difficult. मानसिआ मोनगोन दि यगा-हांलानायनि गिबि थाखोआ गोब्राब नङा। Women who have not participated in sports or done exercises will find it difficult. आयजोफोर, जायफोरा खेलाफोराव बाहागो लायाखै एबा बियामफोर खालामाखौ, बेखौ गोब्राब मोनगोन। Place the palms and fingers on your knee or thigh facing downwards. आखाय-थालाफोर आरो आसिफोरखौ गाहायथिंजै मोखां-जानानै नोंनि हानथु एबा फेनदायाव दोन। But they will surmount their difficulty with patience and will power. नाथआय बिसोरो गावसोरनि गोब्राबथिखौ सहायनाय आरो गोसोनि-गोहोजों बारलांगोन। It will be interesting to note that the person who cannot do abdominal breathing has digestive problems, constipation and gynaecological disorders. बेयो गोसोखांहोनो गोसोनांथाव जागोन दि, सासे सुबुं जाय उदै हांलानायखालामनो हायाहा दोगोन जेंनाफोर, खिनोहायै आरो हिनजावफोरनि-बेरामारि बेरामफोर दं। In the second phase we try to incorporate middle breathing. नैथि थाखोआव, जों गेजेर हांलानायखौ लाफानो नाजागोन। We spread our lower ribs and the middle part of the chest so that little by little the air streams into the middle chest. जों जोंनि गाहाय खामिहाराफोर आरो जेरबानि गेजेर बाहागोखौ फुवारगोन थाकि लासै लासैयै बारा गेजेर जेरबायाव हाबलाङो। In the third phase we do full arching of the chest during inhalation. थामथि थाखोआव, जों हांबोनाय समाव जेरबानि फुरा फदबनाय खालामो। You will realize that after full inhalation by arching the chest you can inhale further. नों बुजिमोनगोन दि फुरा हांबोनायनि उनाव जेरबाखौ फदबनानै, नों आरोबाब हांबोनो हायो। It will give support to the lungs and help the upper lungs to get filled up with air. बेयो नोंनि संफ्ल’फोरखौ सुंथागोन आरो गोजौ संफ्ल’फोरखौ बारजों बुंहोनो हेफाजाब होगोन। In practice we glide from one movement into another without interruption. सर’आव जों मोनसे सोमावनायनिफ्राय गुबुन मोनसेआव हेंथा गैयालाबा फिसलायना-थाङो। When seen from the side, yogi breathing will appear a wave like movement from the abdomen upwards. जेब्ला फारसेनिफ्राय नायजायो, यगि-हांलानाया उदानिफ्राय गोजौथिंजै दैथुन सोमावनाय बायदि नुजागोन। While exhaling, do so in a slow rhythmic manner through the nose in the same sequence. जेब्ला हां-हगारो, लासै सरासनस्रा आखुयै गनथंजों एखे जाथआय-फारिआव खालाम। Now inhale your breath slowly and smoothly for five seconds, retain your breath for two seconds and exhale it for 7 seconds, and hold your breath for 1 second. दा नोंनि हांखौ लासैयै आरो मिहियै बा सेकेदनि थाखाय हां-बो, नोंनि हांखौ नै सेकेन्द थाखाय हमथाफिन आरो 7 सेकेदनि थाखाय बेखौ हंगार, आरो नोंनि हांखौ 1 सेकेन्दनि थाखाय हमथा। First we draw in the abdomen, press the lower ribs together and finally we lower the collar bone and shoulders. सेथिआव जों उदैआव बोयो, गाहाय खामिहाराफोरखौ जयै नारसिन आरो जोबथायाव जों गोदोनानि हारा आरो फाफ्लिफोरखौ गाहाय-खालामो। While exhaling, we press the abdomen and lower ribs together to such a degree that very little air remains behind. जेब्ला हां-हगारो, जों उदै आरो गाहाय खामिहाराफोरखौ जयै एसेबां जखायाव नारसिननो दि जोबोद एसे बारा उनाव थालाङो। Practice this simplest form of pranayama morning and evening, preferably on an empty stomach. बे गोरलैसिन प्रानायामानि महरखौ फुं आरो मोनाबिलिआव सर’खालाम, सायखजाथावै उदै खालि समाव। Begin doing it one minute everyday and slowly increase the time up to five minutes. बेखौ खालाम सानफ्रोमबो से मिनिटाव जुरिनानै आरो लासेयो समखौ बा मिनिटसिम सम बारा बांहो। Now you are ready to go in for deeper yoga breathing. दानिया नों गोथौसिन यगा हांलानायनि थाखाय थांनो थियारि जाबाय। This breathing will help increase resistance to cold and cough, and it will help if you are suffering from bronchitis. बे हांलानाया गगामोननाय आरो गुजुनायखौ बांनायनि बेरेखा हेफाजाब होगोन आरो जुदि नों ब्रनसायतिसनिफ्राय भुगिदों बेयो हेफाजाब होगोन। Develop a good healthy lung tissue to resist bacteria. मोनसे देहागोनां संफ्ल’ बिदाम जौगाहो जिबसाखौ होबथानो। Boys and girls with an inferiority complex or a feeling of guilt tend to draw their shoulders forward pressing their chest together. हौवाफोर आरो हिनजावफोर गाहायसिन गाव-साननाय गोनां एबा दायगोनां मोनदांनाया गावसोरनि जेरबाखौ जयै नारसिननानै गावसोरनि फाफ्लिफोरखौ सिगांजों मोंनानै गङो। This is a bad habit and this awkward posture leads to less oxygen going to their lungs. बेयो मोनसे गाज्रि हुदा आरो बे गोब्राब आव-फावा बिसोरनि संफ्ल’फोराव खम अकसिजेन थांनायाव दैदेनो। Such children with drawn shoulders are likely to have stunted growth and bad health. मोंग्लिनाय फाफ्लिफोरगोनां बेफोर-बायदि गथ’फोर इसे देरनाय आरो गाज्रि देहा मोननो हाथाव। Deep breathing allows more oxygen to enter the lungs. गोथौ-हांबोनायहगारनाया संफ्लफोराव गोबां अकसिजेन हाबनो होयो। You must have only undergarments or loose clothing. नोंहा सिंनिखसाबफोरल’ एबा हलंथलं जिगाननाय थाथारनांगोन। Breathing is restricted by tight clothes, tight waist belts, tight trousers and the use of corsets to control our figure. हांबोनायहगारनाया गोरा जिजोमफोर, गोरा जानजि बेलफोर, गोरा त्रावजारफोर आरो जोंनि देहादाथायखौ दबथायनो उदैसेबग्रा बाहायनायजों हेंथाहोजायो। You should sit on the ground preferably covered by a blanket or cloth. नों हादाबाव जनांगोन, गांसे कमबल एबा जिजों खोबनाया फसायथाव। The body, head and neck should be erect and you should remain still with eyes closed. देहा, खर’ आरो गोदोनाखौ राखांहोनांगौ आरो नों मेगन मिसिबनानै दलरै थानांगोन। Sit in padmasana or vajrasana if you can. नों हायोब्ला पदमसना एबा भज्रसनायाव जिराय। If you cannot sit in this way, sit in the sukhasan posture against a wall or adopt a comfortable posture keeping your spine straight. नों जुदि बे राहायै जनो हाया, सुखासान देहाथाथायाव मोनसे इनजुरनि उलथायै ज’ एबा नोंनि राजाहाराखौ थोंजों लाखिनानै मोनसे साबजाथाव देहाथाथाय आजाव। If you are not in the habit of sitting on the floor or if you cannot sit, due to old age, bad knees, then sit on a straight chair, draw yourself into the back of the seat and keep yourself erect against the back rest of the chair. नोंहा जुदि मैजायाव जनायनि हुदा गैया एबा नों बोराय-बैसो, गाज्रि-आनथुफोरनि थाखाय जनो हायाब्ला, अब्ला गंसे थोंजों मासियाव ज’, नोंगावखौनो मासिनि उनाव बो आरो नोंगावखौनो मासिनि होलेंग्रानि उलथायै थोंजों लाखि। The posture must be comfortable so that it may not be necessary to change the posture during practice. देहाथाथाया खाबजाथाव जाथारनांगोन जाहाथे सरसाखालामनाय समाव देहाथाथायखौ सोलायनोबो नांनो हागौ जाया। The best time to practice pranayama is early morning. प्रनायामाखौ सरसाखालामनो साबसिनथार समआ बेरे फुंजा। It can be performed in the evening also. बेयो मोनाबिलियावबो मावफुंजानो हायो। When oxygen runs through the blood vessels, more oxygen will reach all our different organs of the body and improve their function. थै दोफोरनि गेजेरजों जेब्ला अकसिजेनआ खारो, देहानि जोंनि गासै गुबुनगुबुन अंगफोराव गोबां अकसिजेन सहैगोन आरो बिसोरनि खामानिखौ जौगाहोगोन। Attend to your morning duties first, wash yourself and take a bath, if you can. नोंनि फुंबिलिनि बिबानफोरखौ गिबि गोसोहो, जुदि नों हायो, नोंगावखौनो सुस्रा आरो खनसे दुगैना ला। It should be done on an empty stomach or four hours after a meal. बेयो उदै खालियाव मावजानांगौ एबा खाजानि ब्रै घनताफोर उनाव। Keep your mind calm and the mood must be cheerful and. नोंनि गोसोखौ निजोम लाखि आरो गोसोथासारिया रंजाथाव जाथारनांगोन। The practice of pranayama should not be a mechanical act. प्रनायामानि सरसाया जुनथियारि मावथाय जानो नङा। The mind should be kept alert, the position and flow of breath should be watched from moment to moment. गोसोआ सांग्रां लाखिजानांगौ, थाथाय आरो हांनि बोहैनाया समनिफ्राय सम नोजोरहोजानांगौ। You will acquire control over your breath gradually, although it takes time. लासैलासै नों बेयाव सम लायोब्लाबो, नोंनि हांनि सायाव दबथायथि आरजिगोन। This is like the taming of a dog or the training of a tiger or an elephant by an expert trainer. बेयो मासे सैमाखौ मानिसुलाखालामनाय एबा मासे मोसा एबा मासे मैदेरखौ सासे रोंखाराखा फोरोंगिरिजों फोरोंनाय बादि। The sound of breath should be maintained uniformly. हांलानायनि सोदोबआ समानै सामलायजानांगौ। During pranayam you feel a definite surge of energy and you will get a feeling of your mind calming down. प्रनायामानि समाव नों मोनसे थि गोहो नि गोख्रोंदैथुन मोनदाङो आरो नों नोंनि गोसोखौ निजोम जाबोनायनि मोनदांथि मोनगोन। The body will be more relaxed after the pranayama is over. प्रनायामाया जोबनायनि उनाव देहाया बांसिन थाजिमजागोन। The heart will be stronger and your child will become more alive and creative. मैखुनआ गोख्रोंसिन जागोन आरो नोंनि खुदियाया बांसिन जिवगोनां आरो सोरजिलु जागोन। In pranayama there is an endless variety. प्रनायामायाव जोबनोगैयि रोखोमरोखोमथि दं। Here we would like you to practice one simple technique and master it. बेहाय जों नोंखौ मोनसे गोरलै आदब सरसाखालामहोनो मोजां मोनगोन आरो बेखौ गोरोंजा। If your breathing has gone on smoothly you can start proper Ujjayi pranayama. जुदि नोंनि हांबोनायहगारनाया नोरोमै थांबाय नों नांगौबादि उजायि प्रनायामा जागायनो हायो। Give a fractional pause after each expiration and inspiration. मोनफ्रोम जोबनाय आरो थुलुंगानि उनाव खोनदोसे थाद’नाय हो। Try to increase this pause slowly and smoothly. बे थाद’नायखौ लासैयै आरो नोरोमै बांहोनो नाजा। Do not exert, do not suffocate yourself. गोख्रों दाखालाम, नोंगावखौनो हांसरथेहोनाङा। You will be able to hold your breath longer. नों नोंनि हांखौ गोबावसिन हमथानो हानाय जागोन। When you have retained your breath, feel the air reaching the remotest core of the lungs and percolating in your entire body. जेब्ला नों नोंनि हांखौ लाखिबाय, संफ्लफोरनि गोजानसिनथार मादाखौ बारआ सहैनाय आरो नोंनि गासै देहायाव सेरमायनायखौ मोनदां। If you feel tired switch on to normal breathing or you can go on alternating to normal breathing. नों मेंनाय मोनब्ला सरसनस्रा हांलानायहगारनाय सोलिहो एबा सरसनस्रा हांबोनायहगारनायनि सोलायाव थांनो हायो। Respiration is the process by which human beings and other living things obtain and use oxygen. हांबोनायहगारनाया बिखानथि जायजों सुबुं-माहारि आरो गुबुन जिवगोनां जिरादफोरआ अकसिजेन मोनो आरो बाहायो। During exercises also we get increased breathing and an increased supply of oxygen but it is consumed by the exercising muscles. बियामफोरनि समावबो जों बांनाय-हांबोनायहगारनाय आरो अकसिजेननि बांनाय-दैथायथि मोनो नाथाय बेयो बियामखालामनाय मोदोमगेहेनजों बाहायगारजायो। It also involves the elimination of carbon dioxide, a gas produced when cells use oxygen. बेयो जेब्ला जिबख्रिफोरआ अकसिजेन बाहायो मोनसे गेस दिहुनथाय, कारबण्ड-डायअक्साइडनि होखारनायखौबो लोबबाहोयो। In external respiration or breathing, a plant or animal takes in oxygen from its environment and releases carbon dioxide. बाहेरा हांबोनायहगारनाय एबा हांलानायहगारनायाव, लाइफां एबा जुनारआ बिनि बारहावनिफ्राय अकसिजेन लायो आरो कारबण्ड-डायअक्साइड हगारो। When oxygen is carried to the cells of the organism and carbon dioxide is carried away it is called internal respiration within the cells. जिबदेहानि जिबख्रिफोरसिम जेब्ला अकसिजेनआ रोगाजायो आरो कारबण्ड डायअक्साइडआ जानगारहोजायो बेखौ जिबख्रिफोरनि गेजेराव इसिङारि हांबोनायहगारनाय बुङो। The lungs in a human being are the chief organs of breathing. सासे सुबुं-माहारिनि संफ्लफोरआ जादों गाहाय हांबोनायहगारनायनि-अंगफोर। They are elastic structures in the cavity and each contains millions of small air chambers or sacs. दनदरफोराव बेफोर बोलिनाय दाथायनि आरो मोनफ्रोमबो मिलनैमिलन फिसा बार खथा एबा जायगाफोर थाफानाय। Other structures important in breathing are the chest wall and the diaphragm. हांबोनायहगारनायाव गुबुन गोनां दाथायफोरआ जादों जेरबा-इनजुर आरो बिखाजालामा। The chest wall includes the ribs and the muscles between the ribs. जेरबा-इनजुरआ खामिहाराफोर आरो खामिहाराफोरनि गेजेरनि मोदोमगेहेनफोरखौ लाफायो। The diaphragm is a dome shaped sheet of muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen. बिखाजालामाया मोदोमगेहेननि बेंखन-दाथायनि सित जाय उदैनिफ्राय बिखा-दनदरखौ आलादाखालामो। Air enters and leaves the body through the nose and the mouth. बारआ गनथं आरो खुगानि गेजेरजों देहायाव हाबो आरो ओंखारो। The pharynx (back of the nose and mouth), the larynx (voice box) and the trachea (windpipe) are the air passages that connect the nose and mouth with the lungs. हांनोलि (गनथं आरो खुगानि उन), गारांनोलि (गारां बाकसु) आरो हांनाला (बारनाला) फोरआ बार हाब्लां जाय संफ्लफोरजों गनथं आरो खुगाखौ फोनांजाबो। During yoga breathing however we store this extra energy and increase vitality. यगा हांबोनायहगारनाय समाव जायानोजाथों जों बे उफेरा गोहोखौ दोनथुमो आरो जिबगोहोखौ बांहोयो। During inspiration, also called inhalation, air from atmosphere is drawn into the lungs. हांबोनायहगारनायबो बुंनाय, हांलानायहगारनाय समाव, आबहावानिफ्राय बारआ संफ्लवाव लांजायो। During expiration or exhalation, air is expelled from the lungs. हांबोनायहगारनाय एबा हांलानायहगारनाय, बारआ संफ्लनिफ्राय हगारजायो। Death will occur if you do not breathe even for 3 minutes. थैनाया नुजागोन जुदि नों 3 मिनितफोरनि थाखाय हांलाया। The pattern of breathing changes with certain diseases like asthma and bronchitis. हांबोनायहगारनायनि दाथाया हाफानि आरो ब्रंकाइतिस बादि खायसे बेरामफोरजों सोलायो। It also changes after a great physical activity when it becomes rapid and deep. बेयो गेदेर देहायारि मावथायनि उनावबो सोलायो जेब्ला बेयो गोख्रै आरो गोथौ जायो। If we undergo a short exercise and run a few hundred yards our lungs become fresh and fit. जों जुदि एसे बियामफोर खालामो आरो इसे जौ यार्डफोर खारो, जोंनि संफ्लफोरआ थाजिम आरो खाबजानाय जायो। Several breathing exercises have evolved to ventilate our lungs for good health. गोबां हांबोनायहगाराय बियामफोरा मोजां सावस्रिनि थाखाय जोंनि संफ्लफोरखौ बारनांहोनो जौगाबाय। It pumps out the spent, toxic carbon dioxide gas. बेयो गोहो, बिष कारबण्ड डाइअकसाइड गेसखौ सुहरगारो। Breathing has an intimate relation to our emotions. हांबोनायहगारनाया जोंनि आबेगफोरजों आंगो सोमोनदो दं। When angry, excited, fearful, depressed, breathing takes a different pattern. जेब्ला रागा, बोदोर, गिनाय एबा गोसोबायनाय, हांबोनायहगारनाया रोखोमरोखोम दाथायफोर लायो। We are able to work longer hours without getting tired. जों मेंनाय मोनालासे गोबावसिन घनताफोर मावनो हाथाव जायो। Though the pattern differs with different emotions, as far as we are concerned it is almost unconscious for we do not make any effort. रोखोमरोखोम आबेगफोरजों दाथाया रोखोमरोखोमजायोब्लाबो, जों जेसेबां लोबबाहोजायो एसेबां बेयो जों जेबो गोहो खालामिनि थाखाय थरगैयिफ्राम। Proper breathing can be instrumental in toning up our physical and mental health. नांगौबादि हांबोनायहगारनाया जोंनि देहायारि आरो गोसोआरि सावस्रिखौ गोख्रोंलामनायाव जुनथियारि जानो हागौ। It is voluntary and we have control over it. बेयो गोसोबादि आरो जों बेनि सायाव दबथायनाय दं। We can change the way in which we breathe by making it deep or shallow and even stop it for a few moments at will. जों राहाखौ सोलायनो हायो जायजों जों हांलायो बेखौ गोथौ एबा थौले आरो बेखौ इसे बुब्लिफोरनि थाखाय नागारनायाव थाद’नानैबो। It was well understood by sages and yogis who had mastered how to control it. बेयो ऋसिमुनिफोर आरो सानथौगिरिफोरजों बुजिमोनजाबायमोन जाय बेखौ माबोरै दबथायनांगौ रोंखाराखाजाबायमोन। They came to the realization that if the pattern of breathing changed with emotions, we could master our emotions by changing the pattern of breathing. बिसोर बुजिमोननायाव फैदोंमोनदि जुदि हांबोनायहगारनायनि दाथाया आबेगफोरजों सोलागौमोन, जों हांबोनायहगारनायनि दाथायखौ सोलायनानै जोंनि आबेगफोरखौ आखाफाखाजानो हागौमोन। This discovery was a real great boon and our Yogis worked on this idea for centuries. बे दिहुनसंनाया मोनसे गेदेर बोरमोन आरो यगागिरिफोरआ बे सानदांथिनि सायाव जौथायफोरनि थाखाय खामानिमावदोंमोन। Pranayama depends upon an intentional control over breathing which in turn controls our emotion. प्रनायामाया हांबोनायहगारनायनि गेजेरजों मोनसे गोसोजानायारियै सामलायथिनि सायाव सोनारो जाय सोलायाव जोंनि आबेगखौ दबथायो। This is the thread that links us to the realm of yoga, "pranayama and meditation". बेयो फिसालामा जाय जोंखौ यगा "प्रनायामा आरो धियान" नि हादोराव फोनांजाबो। While bathing in a river or a pool we try going under water and hold the breath as long as possible and compare it with others. जेब्ला दैमा एबा फुख्रियाव दुगैनायाव जों दैनि सिङाव थांनो नाजायो आरो हांखौ जेसे गोबाव जाथावो एसेबां हमथायो आरो बेखौ गुबुनजों रुजु। Mentally, we will be more alert and will keep ourselves calm and composed. गोसोआरियै, जों बांसिन सांग्रां जागोन आरो जोंगावखौनो निजोम आरो थाजिमखालामगोन। We hold our breath when we are submersed. जों जोंनि हांखौ हमथायो जेब्ला जों थब्लहोजायो। As we grow older and become engrossed with work and display signs of worry we seem to have less time to have this simple period. खामानि आरो जिंगानि नेरसोन नुसारहोनायजों जों देरसिन जाबोयो आरो नांथाबनाय जाबोनाय महरै, बे गोरलै समखौ मोननो खम सम मोननाय बादिमोनो। He will hold his breath before serving the ball. बियो बलखौ मावमिननायनि आगोल बिनि हांखौ हमथागोन। He does so because it gives him greater concentration and strength. बियो बिदि मावो मानोना बेयो बिनो बांसिन गोसोहोथाबनाय आरो गोहो होयो। A good runner in a hundred yard dash completes his run often completely out of breath. मोनसे जौसे-यार्ड-खारथायाव सासे मोजां खारगिरिया समसम बिनि खारनायखौ आबुङै हां लायालासे फोजोबो। A javelin thrower or a discus thrower will hold the breath before the supreme exertion - greater will be his inhalation and longer he will hold his breath. सासे जेभलिन-खुबैग्रा एबा सासे डिसकास-खुबैग्राया देरसिन गोहो बांसिनआ बिनि हांबोनाय जागोननि आगोल हांखौ हमथागोन आरो बियो बिनि हांखौ गोलावसिन हमथागोन। When you go under a cold shower on a winter morning, you hold your breath in the beginning of the shower to gather more strength to fight better the on-coming cold water. नों मेसेंनि फुङाव गुसु थायफ्रिनायनि सिङाव थाङोब्ला, नों फैगासिनो थानाय गुसु दैजों साबसिन जुजिनो बांसिन गोहो थुब्रायनो थायफ्रिनायनि जागायनायाव नोंनि हांखौ हमथागोन। When you contemplate a beautiful landscape and watch it for the first time, the breath stops in amazement and wonder for a few moments, struck by the scenic beauty. जेब्ला नों मोनसे समायना हासाखौ सानहाबो आरो बेखौ गिबि खेबनि थाखाय नायो, नुथायारि समायथिजों गोहोमखोख्लैजानानै गोमोहाबनायजों हां थाथ’यो आरो दसे समनि थाखाय गोमोयो। You yawn, when tired and you are short of breath. नों सियायो जेब्ला मेङो आरो नों हांथोनो जायो। Looking at a great painting created by a master there is a feeling of vibrant sensation in the body, the mouth half opens, the breath stops for a few moments. सासे आखाफाखाजों सोरजिजानाय मोनसे मोजां आखिथायाव नायनाय साबद्रायनाय सानदांथिनि देहायाव मोनसे मोनदांथि दं, खुगाया खावसे-गेवनाय, दसे समनि थाखाय हाङा थाथयो। The pranayama should be done in a silent place; the air should be clean and pure. प्रनायामाया मोनसे सिरि जायगायाव खालामजानांगौ; बारआ सिखोनसाखोन आरो गोगो जानांगौ। This momentary stopping of breath, we call it Kumbhaka in pranayama. हांनि बे बुब्लियारि थाद’नायखौ प्रनायामायाव जों बेखौ कुमभाका बुङो। It is the source of strength to our body and helps to control our emotions. बेयो जोंनि देहायाव गोख्रोंथिनि फुंखा आरो जोंनि आबेगफोरखौ दबथायनो हेफाजाबहोयो। Breath is the bridge between the body, the senses and the mind. हांआ देहा, मोनदांथिफोर आरो गोसोनि गेजेराव दालां। Our aim is to strengthen this bridge. जोंनि थांखिया बे दालांखौ गोख्रोंखालामनाय। For healthy living we have to build it and make it stronger and above all develop a harmony between body senses and the mind. सावस्रि जिवखुंनायनि थाखाय जोंहा बेखौ दानांगौ आरो गोख्रोंसिन खालामनांगौ दं आरो गासैनिबो-सायाव देहा मोनदांथि आरो गोसोनि गेजेराव गोरोबलायनाय जौगाहो। This has been the greatest challenge to our ancient sages. बेयो जोंनि गोजाम ऋसिमुनिफोरनो देरसिन बादायथि जाना थाबोदों। They have tried to perfect breath control to suit occasions and there by master the emotions. बिसोर बुब्लिफोरखौ खाबजाहोनो हां दबथायनायखौ आबुंखालामनो नाजाबाय आरो बिदिनो आबेगफोरखौ गोरोंजायो। Today, more than ever before, this is making an impact as we try to get rid of the tension of an industrialized and materialistic world. जों मोनसे दारिमोनारि आरो बेसादारि बुहुमनि सिनथाखौ होखारनो नाजायो हिसाबै, आगोल माब्लाबानिख्रुयबो बांसिन दिनै बेयो मोनसे गोहोम खालामगासिनो दं। Modern medical science has come to the realization that pills are no answers for a hurried and worried world. गोदान मेदिकेल गोनोखोआ बुजिनायाव फैबायदि बरिफोरआ हाखुदाखु आरो जिंगागोनां मुलुगनि थाखाय फिननायफोर गैया। A lasting solution may be found in the 6,000-year old science of yoga. मोनसे जोरनाय समानथायखौ 6,000 बोसोर गोजाम यगा-नि-गोनोखोआव मोननो हागौ। An open space is preferable; or a garden, a park or a room with windows opened. मोनसे उदां जायगाया फसायथाव; एबा मोनसे बिबारबारि, मोनसे पार्क एबा खोरखि गेवनाय मोनसे खथा। Their research on the effects of yoga, pranayama and meditation on the human body is proving positive. यमानसिनि देहायाव यगा, प्रनायामा आरो धियाननि जावहोनफोरनि सायाव बिसोरनि बिजिरसंनाया मिजिंगोनां फोरमानहोगासिनो दं। They see a ray of hope in their fight to conquer the gravest riddle of tension-induced or psychosomatic, diseases. बिसोर नुजानाय एबा बांद्रायसिनथा - जिंगानि गिख्रंथावसिन जेथोखौ देरहानो बिसोरनि जुजिनाय मिजिंनि रोदा नुयो। The way we breathe is often inadequate, we breathe shallowly and lazily, so the blood is seldom, sufficiently oxygenated. समसम जों हांलानाय राहाया थोजासेनङि, जों गुसुङै आरो लेहेमै हांलायो, बेखायनो थैया खमै थोजासेयै अकसिजेन-हगारहरजायो। It is not sufficiently realized that several symptoms of poor health have their root cause in the fact that the circulation of blood is slow, it is insufficiently oxygenated. बेयो नांगौबादियै बुजिजायादि निखावरि-सावस्रिनि गोबां लैखोनफोरआ थाराव बिसोरनि गुदि जाहोन दंदि थैनि खारसारथिंनाया लासै, बेयो थोजासेनङियै अकसिजेनहोजायो। It is then that the internal organs, glands and nerves are insufficiently nourished. बेयो अब्ला बै इसिङारि अंगफोर, ग्लेण्डफोर आरो स्नायुफोरा थोजासेनङियै जाहोजायो। The excretory system does not function efficiently. सिगारनाय-बिखानथिया नांगौबादियै खामानि मावा। The body's waste products are not removed. देहानि सिगार मुलाफोरआ बोखारजाया। We are not aware of our shallow breathing as it does not put us immediately to any discomfort of breathlessness and it has already become a habit. जों जोंनि थौले हांबोनायहगारनायनि सांग्रां नङा मानोना बेयो जोंखौ हरखाबै जायखिजाया हांबनद’जानायनि साबजायि जाहोआ आरो बेयो हुदा जाखाबाय। The cramped position many assume during their working hours, slumped in the executive chairs, typists bending down on their typewriters, clerks bending over their files, we compress our diaphragm lowering our lung capacity. रमरममोननाया बिसोरनि हाबामावनाय समाव गोबां सहायनाय दोनो, बिबानारि मासिफोराव गोग्लैसोनाय, ताइपबुगिरिफोर बिसोरनि ताइपबुनायाव गंग्लायनाय, क्लार्कफोरआ बिसोरनि फाइलफोर सायाव गंग्लानाय, जों जोंनि संफ्ल’ हानाय-गोहोखौ खमायनानै जोंनि नक्लाखौ ज’खालामो। Our ribs and spine are so stiff that they do not allow the lungs to expand properly due to the limited space in the rib cage. जोंनि खामिहाराफोर आरो सिनस्रिया एरैबादि गोख्रोंदि बेफोर खामिहारा पानजारियाव थोजासेनङि जायगानि जाहोनाव संफ्ल’फोरखौ फुवारनो होआ। Hampered in this way we breathe in only an estimated one tenth of our oxygen requirement and use approximately 1/3rd of our lung capacity. बे राहाजों हेंथाहोनाय, जों जोंनि अकसिजेन गोनांथिनि मोनसे बिथांखिनाय जिनि सेल’ हांलायो आरो जोंनि संफ्ल’ गोहोनि /3 फ्राम बाहायो। As this is the smallest part, only a little amount of air reaches the lungs. बेयो फिसासिनथार बाहागो महरै, बारनि इसेल’ बिबांआ संफ्लफोरखौ सहैयो। This music is being developed for restless babies by a research organization. बे खनसारआ मोनसे बिजिरसंगिरि गौथुमजों जिरायनायगैयि खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय जौगाहोजागासिनो दं। Working in this way 2-3 hours, there cannot be any other way except "upper" breathing. 2 3 घनताफोर बे राहायै मावनायाव, "गोख्रै " हांबोनायहगारनायनि अनगायै गुबुन जेबो राहा जानो हाया। Lift your shoulders a little and breathe deeply. नोंनि फाफ्लिफोरखौ इसे दिखां आरो गोथौवै हांबो। Let your shoulder fall and throw back your head, and you will see that you can breathe in still more. नोंनि फाफ्लिखौ गोलैनो हो आरो नोंनि खर’खौ उनथिं खोलै, आरो नों नुगोनदि नों बांसिनसो हांबोनो हायो। Now sit at a table, leaning over forward a bit, just as we do while working. जों खामानिमावनाय समाव खालामनायबादिल’, सिगांफारसेजों इसे गेलेमनानै दा गंसे आरांगायाव ज’। Breathing will be shallow as the shoulders are in an unnatural, high position. फाफ्लिफोरआ मोनसे सरासनस्रानङि, गोजौ थाथायाव दं हिसाबै हांबोनायहगारनाया गुसुंखालामजागोन। It involves little of abdominal breathing. बेयो उदैयारि हांबोनायहगारनायनि इसे नांफायो। The middle lungs are filled instead of the upper lungs. गेजेर संफ्लफोरआ गोजौसिन संफ्लफोरनि बदलै सुफुंजायो। This is the way most men breathe when they stand erect or sit in a crowded room, or cinema or. बेयो गोबां हौवामानसिफोरा हांबोनायनि राहा जेब्ला बिसोर थिया गसङो एबा मोनसे होंगोदोंगो खथा, एबा सावथुनसालियाव जिरायो। We have to resort to hasty, short breathing. जोंहा हाखुदाखु, गुसुं हांबोनायहगारनायाव थांफिननांगौ दं। The average civilized individual today is not breathing but merely avoiding suffocation. गर सोदोमस्रिगोनां सुबुङा दिनै हांलागासिनो थायाखै नाथाय खुनुरोखोमै हांथोनोथोनोखौ नेवसिगासिनो दं। Observe yourself, next time you are in a cinema. नोंगावखौनो नाय, उननि खेबाव नों मोनसे सावथुनसालियाव दं। This can be seen best in animals like a horse or dog which use thoracic breathing during exertion. बेखौ गराय एबा सैमा बादि जुनारफोरनियाव साबसिन नुनो हायो जाय गोख्रोंखामानिनि समाव जेरबायारि हांबोनायहगारनाय बाहायो। It is also practiced consciously by athletes. बेयो एथेलेतफोरजोंबो सांग्राङै सरसाखालामजायो। Here the base of the lung is refilled with air, aided by the lowering of the diaphragm. बेहाय संफ्लनि बिथाया उदैबिखा-जालामानि गाहायखालामनायजों जगायजानाय बारजों सुफुंफिनजायो। Most men breathe this way when lying down or resting. बांसिन हौवामानसिफोरआ गोलांनाय समाव आरो जिरायनायाव बे राहायै हांलायो। It is the most efficient of the three ways of breathing but still inadequate. बेयो हांबोनायहगारनायनि मोनथाम राहाफोरनि बांसिन गोहोमगोनांसिन नाथाय दासिमबो नांगौबादिनङि। The purest form of abdominal breathing is found in strong healthy men, soldiers, athletes, farmers and mountain shepherds. उदैयारि हांबोनायहगारनायनि गोगोसिन महरखौ गोख्रों सावस्रिनि हौवामानसि, सानथ्रिफोर, एथेलेतफोर, आबादारिफोर आरो हाजो धोरोमगुरुफोरनियाव मोनो। The diaphragm plays an important role since it is a strong partition of muscles separating the chest and the abdomen. उदैबिखा-जालामाया बेयो जेरबा आरो उदैखौ जुदाखालामनाय मोदोमगेहेनफोरनि मोनसे गोख्रों बोखावग्रा हिसाबै गोनां बिफाव लायो। At rest it arches upwards towards the thoracic cavity. उनदुखननायाव बेयो जेरबायारि दनदर फारसे गोजौफारसे दमो। He found that persons who were well adjusted and had a settled, happy outlook on life were likely to hold out longer than those who did not possess this asset. बियो मोनदोंमोनदि जाय बे समफदखौ मोनाखैमोन बैसोरनिख्रुय सुबुंफोर जाय मोजां-समानथागोनांमोन आरो गसंथानाय दंमोन, जिवाव सुखि नोजोरफोरा गोलावसिन जोरनाया जानोहाथावमोन। There is a belief among the superstitious that every one of us is born with a certain count of breaths. गोथेफोथायगिरिफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे फोथायनाय दंदि जोंनि साफ्रोमबो हांफोरनि मोनसे थि बिबांजों जोनोमहोजायो। You cannot avoid stress. नों सिनथाखौ नेवसिनो हायो। Like food, exercise or love, you have to have it. खाजा बादि, बियाम एबा अननायखौ, नोंहा लानांगौ दं। But you must also be able to know the optimum stress level that you can bear. नाथाय नों सिनथा थोरफोनि बांसिनबिबांखौबो मिथिनो हानाय जाथारनांगोन जायखौ नों सहायनो हायो। Of course knowing this will help you to know when you are in the danger zone of stress-related diseases. अदेबानि बेखौ मिथिनाया नोंखौ हेफाजाब होगोन जेब्ला नों सिनथा सोमोनदोगोनां बेरामफोरनि खैफोदगोनां ओनसोलाव दं। You must be firm to make adjustments to lessen your personal susceptibility. नों नोंनि गावारि गोसोनांनायखौ खमायनो खाबजाथायफोर खालामनो गोख्रों जाथारनांगोन। Avoid getting overtired. बांद्रायमेंनाय मोननायखौ नेवसि। Ensure enough good quality sleep and develop the ability to say no and admit your limitations. थोजासे मोजां गुननि उनदुनाय रोखाखालाम आरो नाङा बुंनो हानायखौ जौगाहो आरो नोंनि सिमाफोरखौ नाजाव। Women live longer than men. आयजोफोरआ हौवामानसिफोरनिख्रुय गोलावसिन जिवखुङो। Researchers have found out that they manifest less biochemical activity than men in response to stressful and challenging situations and also tend to unwind more quickly. बिजिरसंगिरिफोरआ मोनबायदि हौवामानसिफोरआ सिनथाआबुं आरो जुजिनाय थासारिफोरनिख्रुय बिसोर खम जिबरसायनारि मावथाय फोरमानजगायो आरो बांसिन गोख्रैयै लासैखालामनोबो सामलायो। There is the case of a woman who worked until her 100th birthday and could see well enough to be able to read and watch television without glasses till her death at the age of 113. सासे आयजोनि मोनसे जाथाय दंदि जाय बिनि 100थि जोनोमसानसिम खामानिमावदोंमोन आरो बिनि 113 बैसोआव थैनायसिम फरायनो हानो थोजासे-मोजाङै नुनो आरो नायखंसि गैयालासेनो तेलिभिसन नायनो हादोंमोन। When the number of these breaths is completed one has to leave this world. जेब्ला बैफोर हांफोरनि बिबाङा आबुंखालामजायो, सासेया बे बुहुमखौ नागारलांनांगौ जायो। Women students doing engineering have displayed hormonal stress reactions more similar to those of men than of those of women who followed a more traditional women's academic path. इनजिनियारिं खालामनाय आयजो फरायसाफोरआ जाय बांसिन दोरोङारि आयजोफोरनि सोलोंथायारि लामा उनसंनाय बैसोर आयजोफोरनिख्रुय बैसोर हौवामानसिफोरजों बांसिन एखे हरमनारि सिनथा फिनजाथायफोर नुसारहोबाय। Whether the new found liberation will prove detrimental and make them more prone to coronary heart diseases and ulcer is something that is being looked into. गोदान गायसननाय उदांस्रिया खहाखालामनायारि फोरमानजागोनना जाया आरो बिसोरखौ थैदो मैखुन बेरामफोरसिम बांसिन लुंहेंनाय खालामो आरो आलसारा माबाइसेदि आनजादनायजागासिनो दं। When you have a very high ambition which you know you are incapable to achieve in your lifetime you are likely to be tense. जेब्ला नोंहा जोबोर गोजौ हाबिला दं जायखौ नों मिथियो, नोंनि जिवसमाव मोनफुंनो हाथावनङा, नोंहा सिनथाबांनो हाथाव। It will be a taxing period for you and the slow pace of your attempts of achieving your end will fill you up with frustration. बेयो नोंनि थाखाय सहायथावि सम जागोन आरो नोंनि थांखिखौ मोनफुंनायनि नोंनि नाजानायफोरनि लासै आगानफोरआ नोंखौ गोसोबायनायजों आबुंखालामगोन। Divide your goals, keep targets which you can fulfil at shorter periods. नोंनि थांखिफोरखौ बोखाव, नोजोरफोर ला जायखौ नों सुंद’सिन समफोराव मोनफुंनो हायो। Every target you achieve will increase your strength and make you more confident. नों मोनफुंनाय मोनफ्रोम नोजोरआ, नोंनि गोख्रोंथिखौ बारायगोन आरो नोंखौ बांसिन गावफोथायथि खालामगोन। A person who has confidence in himself is a relaxed person. सासे सुबं जायहा गावनियावनो गावफोथायथि दङोआ सासे थाजिम मानसि। Noise pollution and population explosion tell on the nerves. सोदोब गुबुंग्ले आरो सुबुंअनजिमा बांद्रायनाया स्नायुफोराव गोहोमखोख्लैयो। Jostling in crowded trains and buses, to and from your place of work, wheeling through frustrating traffic jams and imbibing exhaust fumes are a daily occurrence for millions of commuters. भिर त्रेइनफोर आरो बासफोराव थोनोथोनो, नोंनि खामानिनि थिलिनिफ्राय आरो सिम, गोजोनगैयि त्राफिक जामनि गेजेरजों खारनाय आरो थावजाग्रा बाहायगारनाय उखुनदैफोरआ मिलनैमिलन सानफ्रोमदावबायारिफोरनि थाखाय सानफ्रोमबोनि नुजाथिनाय। According to an earlier research study in Bombay for the improvement of living and working conditions, it was found that 71 percent workers lived within 10 km of their work place. नि गेजेराव थानाय मोनदोंमोन। By breathing 12-13 times, the count will be slow and you will go a long way. 12 13 खेबफोर हांलानानै, हिसाबआ लासै जागोन आरो नों गोलाव लामा थांगोन। About 22 percent travelled ten to 25 kms, seven percent had to travel more than 25 kms Some 75 percent workers took less than half an hour to get to work and 20 per cent over an hour. निख्रुय बांसिन दावबायनांदोंमोन, खायसे 75 जौखोनदो मावगिरिफोरआ खामानिसिम सहैनो खावसे घनतानिख्रुय खमसिन आरो 20 जौखोनदोआ घनता मोनसेनि बारा लायो। In present-day Bombay, because of the influx of migrant labour and a big increase in population, at least 30% of the workers have to waste two hours each way travelling by train and bus to reach their working place. आथिखाल बमबेयाव, दावबायसन खामानिमावग्रानि बोहैनायनाय आरो सुबुंअनजिमानि गोबां बांनायनि जाहोनाव, खमैबो खामानिमावग्राफोरनि 30% जौखोनदोआ बिसोरनि खामानि थिलिसिम सहैनो मोनफ्रोम लामाजों त्रेइन आरो बासजों नै घनता हगारनांगौ। Commuters at the end of the day complain of a far higher incidence of tiredness, irritability, lack of concentration, sleeplessness, headaches, digestive disorders, backaches, motion sickness and general discomfort. सानफ्रोमदावबायगिरिफोरआ साननि जोबनायाव मेंनाय, खायसोमोननाय, गोसोज’नाय, उनदुनोओंखारि, खर’सानाय, दोगोनारि थिगैयि, सिंसानाय, खारथाय लोमजानाय आरो सारानस्रा खाबजायिनि जोबोर गोबां जाथायाव अजद दं। If you breathe in heavily polluted air in a big and crowded township you will feel tensed. नों जुदि मोनसे गिदिर आरो भिर सोहोराव बांद्राय गुबुंग्ले बाराव हांलायो, नों सुखुयि मोनगोन। If the pace of life is fast, and if we are running faster, tension will also go on mounting faster. जुदि जिवनि खारथाया गोख्रै, जिंगायाबो गोख्रैसिनै मानखोगासिनो थागोन। Tension keeps on filling the body. जिंगाया देहाखौ आबुंखालामनायाव नांथाबगासिनो थायो। Some day it may get filled to the brim Due to anxiety, our mind may work overtime in a state of violent tenseness and then it will target to stop thinking. माब्लाबा सानाव रागाजोंनायनि जाहोनाव रुगुंसिम आबुंजानो हायो, जोंनि गोसोआ गोख्रों उसुखुथुनि फोरमायथियाव खामानि बांद्रायमावनो हायो आरो अब्ला साननायखौ दोनथनो सानदांगोन। We go to bed, we feel tired, we feel drowsy but the mind goes on ticking. जों एमसिम थाङो, जों मेंनाय मोनो, जों उनदुरोमारोमि मोनो नाथाय गोसोआ खारनायाव थांगासिनो थायो। We are not able to sleep. जों उनदुनो हाया। We get up in the morning still tired, the mind does not seem to work properly. जों फुङाव सिखारब्लाबो मेंनाय, गोसोखौ थियै खामानिमावनाय बादिमोना। It seems logical; if you breathe slowly and deeply, health will improve. बेखौ बानगोनां बादि-मोनो, जुदि नों लासैयै आरो गोथौवै हांलायो, सावस्रिया जौगायो। This in turn builds up more tension. बेयो बदलाव बांसिन उसुखुथु सोमजिहोयो। The body is tense, muscles become tense. देहाया लोरबां, मोदोमगेहेनआ सुखुयि जायो। Neck muscles, shoulder muscles and the upper back get all tensed up. गोदोना मोदोमगेहेनफोर, फाफ्लि मोदोमगेहेनफोर आरो गासै बिखुङा सुखुयि मोनो। If we put fingers on these muscles and try to probe them by pushing harder, we can feel that they are tense and tender. जुदि जों बेफोर मोदोमगेहेनफोराव आसिफोर दोनो आरो बिसोरखौ गोसासिन नारनानै फोरमानहोनो नाजायो, जों मोनदांनो हायोदि बिफोर लोरबां आरो गेस्रेम। This in turn shrinks the muscles. बेयो बदलाव मोदोमगेहेनखौ खमायो। Less blood flows through them and less blood reaches the neck and brain. बेफोरनि गेजेरजों खम थै बोहैयो आरो गोदोना आरो मेलेमखौ खम थैया सहैयो। There is no inclination to smiling even if we try hard. जों गोब्राबै नाजाब्लाबोसो मिनिनो गोसोजानाय गैया। Then other problems crop up as the effect of tension spreads to several parts of the body. अब्ला जिंगाया देहानि गोबां बाहागोफोराव गोसारदलायो हिसाबै गुबुन जेंनाफोरआ हरखाब नुजायो। Digestion suffers, the secretion of gastric juices appears to increase and the stomach may ache. दोगोनआ भुगियो, गेसत्रिक रोसिफोरनि सिगारनाया बांनो नुजायो आरो उदैया सानो हायो। The heart seems to be jumping a lot, the pulse rate goes high, we become irritable. जेरबाखौ जोबोरै बाज्लनाय बादिमोनो, मावखांनाय हारआ गोबां जायो, जों खायसोमोनथाव जायो। With better health you are bound to cross all your limits. साबसिन सावस्रिजों, नों नोंनि गासै सिमाफोरखौ बारनो बाध्यखालामजायो। There is loss of interest in the surroundings and there is loss of libido. सोरगिदिङाव गोसोनांनायनि खहा दं आरो आथोनलुबैनायनि खहा दं। We must learn to relax in order to be able to reverse this negative process in the body. जों देहानि बे साबजायि बिखानथिखौ उलथाखालामफिननो हानायनि जाहोनाव जिरायनो सोलोंथारनांगोन। We must try to tense and relax the muscles. जों सिनथाजानो आरो मोदोमगेहेनखौ जिरायहोनो नाजाथारनांगोन। Dr. Steven J Schleiter of Mount Sinai School of Medicine U .S .A. says that the loss of the life partner is linked with increased illness and death, notably among the widowers. नि ड° स्तेफेन जे स्लेइतारआ बुङोदि जिवनि लोगोरि खोमानाया लोमजानाय आरो थैनायजों सोमोनदोखालामजायो, रानदिफोरनि गेजेराव मख’थाव। His team of researchers found that there was a significant decline in the activity of the white blood cells which are responsible for the defence of the body in diseases. बिनि बिजिरसंगिरिफोरनि हानजाया मोनदोंमोनदि गुफुर थै खथाफोरनि मोनसे ओंथिगोनां बाग्लायनाय दंमोन जाय बेरामफोराव देहानि होबथानायनि थाखाय बिबानगिरि। Weakened resistance was aggravated by hormonal changes in the blood chemistry due to depression and anxiety which were common emotions among widowers. लोरबांजानाय हेंथाया गोसोबायनाय आरो रागाजोंनायनि जाहोनाव थै रसायनाव हरमनारि सोलायथायफोरजों गाज्रिसिनखालामजायो। Dr. Robert Ader, a British immunologist, showed through an experiment a clear and direct link between brain and the immune system. सासे बृतिस इमिवनलजिसत, ड° रबार्त आदारआ मोनसे आनजादनि गेजेरजों मेलेम आरो होबथा बिखानथिनि गेजेराव मोनसे रोखा आरो थोंजों सोमोनदो दिनथिदोंमोन। He established that hypnosis can suppress allergic reactions. बियो गायसनदोंमोनदि निनदआ एलारजियारि फिनजाथायखौ गादबनो हायो। These findings should alter a physician's approach to disease and also his attitude towards the patients. बेफोर फिथायफोरआ बेरामिजों सासे देहाफाहामगिरिनि मोगामोगि आरो बेरामिनि फारासे बिनि गोसोहाबिलासखौ सोलायहोनांगोन। If the physician talks to the patient trying to understand his problem, giving him a constructive suggestion, this may work far better than prescribing a tranquillizer. जुदि सासे देहाफाहामगिरिया बेरामिजों बिनि जेंनाखौ बुजिनो नाजानानै, बिनो सोरजिथायारि बोसोन होनानै रायज्लायो, बेयो मुलैबाहानायारिनिख्रुय बांसिन साबसिन खामानिहोनो हागौ। This type of breathing raises only the ribs, top of the shoulders and the collar bone. बे रोखोमनि हांबोनायहगारनाया खामिहाराफोर, फाफ्लिफोरनि साथार आरो गोदोना हाराखौल’ बांहोयो। A split second prescription adversely affects doctor-patient interaction and hinders "meaningful" communication between the patient and his physician, according to some experimenters. खायसे आनजादनायसंगिरिफोरनि बादियै, नैथि बोसोनफारि खोनदोआ उलथाफारसेयै डाकथार बेरामिनि बुजिलायनायाव गोहोमखोख्लैयो आरो बेरामि आरो बिनि देहाफाहामगिरिनि गेजेराव "ओंथिगोनां" सावरायज्लायनायखौ सिखमायो। Leisure is not for all, it is meant for those who are busy mentally or physically. जिरायनाया गासैनिबो थाखाय नङा, बेनि ओंथिया बैसोरनि थाखाय जाय गोसोआरियै एबा देहायारियै मुखुब। Take a holiday at least once a year. बोसोरसेयाव खमैबो खनसे बनद’सान ला। If there is no money, never mind, borrow, enjoy the holiday and pay later. जुदि रां गैया, गाज्रि दामोनथार, दाहारला, बनद’सानखौ रंजा आरो उनाव सुजि। This is most prevalent in the west among the affluent or economically independent people. सोनाबहा दोहोनगोनां आरो रांखानथियारियै उदांस्रि सुबुंफोरनि गेजेराव बेयो जोबोर जाफ्लेबायथानाय। They do not have to collect huge sums for their house, marriage of their daughters and for old age. बिसोर बिसोरनि नफोर, बिसोरनि फिसाजोफोरनि जुलिनि थाखाय आरो बैसो गोरानि थाखाय गोबां बिबां बुथुमनो नांगौ गैया। Children leave their homes early in life as they grow up. खुदियाफोरा बिसोरनि नखौ जिवाव थाबै नागारो मानोना बिसोर देरबोयो। They can buy a house or a car immediately as soon as they get a job and pay for it in instalments. बिसोर मोनसे साख्रि मोननाय लोगोलोगो थाबैनो बिसोर गंसे न एबा गंसे कार बायनो हायो आरो बेनि थाखाय खिसतियाव सुख’यो। Our tradition of leisure is much older than that of the west, our religious and social set up is such that we are geared to taking several holidays. जिरायनायनि जोंनि दोरोङा बै सोनाबनिख्रुय बांसिन गोजामसिन, जोंनि धोरोम आरो समाज फसंथायआ बिदिदि जों गोबां बनद’सानफोर लानायाव नांथाबो। Poets have written abundantly about pleasure to be derived from leisure. खनथायगिरिफोरआ जिरायनायनिफ्राय फैनो गोनां गोजोननायनि सोमोनदै एग्रेबाग्रेयै लिरबाय। The breath is introduced only in the upper part of the lungs. हांआ संफ्लफोरनि गोजौ बाहागोआवल’ लाबोजायो। They have written about the changing life during the 12 months of the year and have studied deeply the changes taking place in the nature during all the seasons. बिसोर बोसोराव 12 दानफोरनि गेजेराव सोलायनाय जिवनि सोमोनदै लिरबाय आरो गासै बोथोरफोरनि समाव आखुवाव सोलायथायफोर जायगा लानायखौ बिजिरबाय। Singers have developed ragas which are sung in different seasons. खनगिरिफोरआ रागफोर जौगाहोबाय जायफोर रोखोमरोखोम बोथोरफोराव खनजायो। They have also evolved ragas which are sung at different hours of the day. बिसोर रागफोरबो जौगाहोबाय जायफोर साननि रोखोमरोखोम घनताफोराव खनजायो। Indian princes and noblemen have spent hours in the garden of their palaces watching dances and listening to music. भारतारि राजखुंगुरफोर आरो गेदेमामानसिफोरआ मोसानायफोर नायनानै आरो खनसार खोनासंनानै बिसोरनि राजमहलफोरनि बिबारबारियाव घनताफोर हगारबाय। They woke up to the grandeur of the music of sahnai in the morning. बिसोर फुंङाव सेहनायनि खनसारनि जोंदामादायाव सिरिमोनदोंमोन। The kirtan and ajan of the mulla in sonorous Arabic words was meant to renew the body-soul. गोख्रों आरबि सोदोबफोराव मुलानि किरतन आरो आजानआ देहा जिवमाखौ फोदानफिननायखौ ओंथिहोदोंमोन। Village folks walked around the well every morning singing while collecting the water. सानफ्रोमबो फुङाव दैखरनि सोरगिदिं थाबायथिंनाय गामिनि सरासनस्रासुबुंफोरआ दै खावनाय समाव खनो। Mothers have been singing to their babies throughout the ages, putting them to sleep. बिमाफोरआ बिसोरनि खुदियाफोरनो बैसो नाङैनो बिसोरखौ फुथुनो दोननानै खनबोगासिनो दं। Women folk sing while walking to the river to take their bath. आयजोफोरआ दैमासिम बिसोरनि दुगैनाय आजावनो थांनाय समाव खुगामेथाय खनो। There tapes combine the relaxing music of Bach and Laurie Anderson with nature's own special sounds, the sort herd by unborn babies in the womb. बिहाय तेपफोरआ बाख आरो लाउरि एनडारसननि थाजिमहोनाय खनसारखौ मिथिंगानि गावनिनि जर’खा सोदोबफोरजों दाजाबदेरो, बे महरआ गोरबोख’वाव जोनोमजायि गथ’जों खोनाजायो। It has been noticed that adults also become much more calm and relaxed when the baby tapes are played. बेयो नोजोर होजाबोबाय दि जेब्ला खुदिया बादिफोरा गेलेयो बैसोगोराफोराबो जोबोर बांसिन गोजोन आरो सुग्लायनाय जायो। The field of therapeutic sound is immense and offers exciting possibilities. थेरापिउतिक मोजां-अबस्थानि फोथारा गोबां आरो गोसोबोदोरथाव जाथावनाफोरखौ होयो। Mr. Olds of Runwell Hospital, Wickford, Essex, says that sound we hear in our sub-conscious has potentially a huge therapeutic effect. रानवेल देहा-फाहामसालिनि मुश्री अल्दस, उइकफर्द एसेक्सआ बुङोदि जोंनि खाव-सांग्रांआव खोनानाया थार-जाथावनायै मोनसे गेदेर गोहोम दं। Hear some soothing music for half an hour before you go to bed, you will sleep better. उन्दुनायनि सिगां घन्टा खावसेनि थाखाय नों माबा गोजोनहोनाय मेथाय खोनासं, नों मोजांसिनै उन्दुगोन। Go back to nature and see how much it can make you feel relaxed. मिथिंगायाव थांफिन आरो बेयो नोंखौ बेसेबां सुग्लायनाय मोनदांहोयो नाय। Listen to your body when you are tensed up from long months of a routine existence. जेब्ला नों मोनसे फारिलाय थाखानाय गोबाव दानफोरनिफ्राय जिंगायाव दं नोंनि देहाखौ खोनासं। When the body seems not to obey the mind, you feel tired and irritable. जेब्ला देहाया गोसोखौ मानिया मोनदाङो, नों मेंनाय आरो खायसोगोनां मोनदाङो। This is the time for a holiday. बन्दसान मोनसेनि थाखाय बेनो समा। Come out of the rut of the daily routine. सानफ्रोमबोनि फारिलायनि सिननिफ्राय बायजोआव ओंखार। Force yourself out of a dull environment. बुथुवा आबहावानिफ्राय गावखौनो नारखालायहर। When you come back from a week's holiday you will be rejuvenated. सफथा खमसेनि बन्द-साननिफ्राय जेब्ला नों फैफिनो नों जोमोन जाफिनगोन। The body and the mind will be more alert. देहा आरो गोसोआ बांसिन सांग्रां जागोन। The spirit will be more alive and the speed of work much enhanced. गोसो-थासारिया बांसिन जिउगोनां जागोन आरो मावनायनि गोख्रैथिया बांसिन बांगोन। The ethos of the life philosophy, since ages, had been that our existence is not been given to us merely to earn money, to survive, on a physical plane. जिउ सानथौनि सानखांथिया, गोबां-मुगाफोरनिफ्राय जाबोदों जाय देहायारि बिथांखिनाय मोनसेयाव थांनानै-थानो रां खामायनोल’ जोंनि थामोनथाया जोंनो होजायाखिसै। Life is to live and to search for happiness for the body and the soul. जिउआ जिउखुंनो आरो देहा आरो जिउमानि थाखाय गोजोन नागिरनायनि थाखाय। When I am tensed, I go for a long morning walk. जेब्ला आं जिंगा-जायो, आं गोलाव फुं थाबायनायनि थाखाय थाङो। It is good to walk and walk till the body aches. थाबायनाया मोजां आरो देहाया सानायसिम थाबाय। The mind gets busy with the aching muscles and it forgets its many worries. मोदोम-गेहेनफोर सानायसिम गोसोआ मुखुब जायो आरो बेयो बेनि गोबां जिंगाफोरखौ बावलाङो। Many people say that the benefit that they get after exercising is their improved psychological status. गोबां मानसिया बुङो दि ब्याम-खालामनायनि उनाव मोननाय बिसोरनि मुलाम्फाया गोसोआरि मानथाखोखौ जौगाहोयो। They report less anxiety and depression. बिसोर खम दुखु आरो गोसो-बायनाय मिथिहोयो। There is more self confidence and ability to cope with at-home and job related stress. न’ आरो खामानि सोमोन्दोगोनां जिंगायाव गोजोनहोनो बांसिन गाव फोथायथि आरो रोंगौथि दं। It has been explained on a biological level that there is a decrease in circulating catecholamine's and increase in beta endorphins that occur during and following an exercise. जिबआरि थाखो मोनसेयाव बेयो फोरमाय-जाबोबायदि केतकल’मिनसनि गोसारनायाव खमायनाय आरो बेता एनदरफिनआव बारायनाय दं जाय ब्याम मोनखौ उनसंनाय समाव जाखाङो। Even if we do not consider the change in blood chemistry it would be a good idea getting sedentary people up and away from chronic distress producing environment and help them to do their choicest exercise. अदेबानि थै रसायनाव सोलायनायखौ जों सानना-नायाब्ला गोबाव-जिरायनाय सुबुङा सिखारनाय आरो गोबावजानाय-बेराम कस्तनिफ्राय गोजानाव आबहावा सोमजिहोनाय आरो बिसोरनि फसायनायसिन ब्यामखौ खालामनो बिसोरखौ हेफाजाब-होनाय बेयो मोनसे मोजां सोलो जागोन। This happened when both the groups were kept on a healthy diet and at a normal weight. जेब्ला मोननैबो हानजाफोरखौ मोनसे सावस्रिगोनां खाजा आरो मोनसे सरासनस्रा लिरथायाव दोनजादोंमोन बेयो सोमजिदोंमोन। This experiment has proved that there is definite evidence that heart diseases are induced by stress. बे अनजाद-नायनाया फोरमान दिन्थिबायदि रोखा फोरमान दङदि मैखुन बेरामफोरा जिंगाजों सोमजिजाहोनाय। If this is true of monkeys, our pre-historic ancestors, it must be true of us. बेयो मोख्राफोरनि बागै सैथोब्ला, जोंनि जारिमिनगिबि आबौ-आजौमोना, बेयो जोंनि थार जाथारनांगोन। Following an earthquake in 1981, in Athens, the incidence of fatal heart attacks rose sharply. 1981आव बांग्रिमावनायनि उनाव, एथेन्सआव मैखुन गाग्लोबथिफोरनि थैहोनाय जाथाया हरखाब जौगादोंमोन। The heart stress connection is too powerful to be ignored. मैखुन नारसिनथाय फोनांजाबनाया नेवसिनो जोबोर बोलोगोनां। A survey conducted by the Indian Council for Medical Research and the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience showed that 22 percent of the screened population were suffering from mental disorders. भारतारि मेदिकेल संजिरथाय आफाद आरो गोसोआरि सावस्रि आरो निउरसाइनस हादोरारि फसंथानजों खुंजानाय जरिपा दिन्थिबाय दि अनजाद-नायजानाय सुबुं-अनजिमानि 22 जौखोन्दोआनो गोसोआरि थिनङैआव भुगिगासिनो दंमोन। The severe emotional crisis of the people was due to conflict and guilt and not due to the nature of the disaster. सुबुंनि जोबोरैनो आबेगारि आंखाला दाङा-बाजि आरो गोरोन्थि-साननायनि थाखायमोन आरो खैफोदनि आखुनि थाखाय नङा। Later this caused a feeling of guilt in them for being those who were left behind and therefore they died. उनाव बेयो बिसोरनाव मोनसे गोरोन्थि-साननाय मोनदांनायनि जाहोन-जादोंमोन बैसोरनि थाखाय जानानै जायफोरा नागारलांजादोंमोन आरो Many found it difficult to adjust to bereavements, material loss and disability. मानसिखैनाय-दुखु, बेसादारि गोमानाय आरो नुनो-हायैजों आरजानो गोबाङानो बेखौ गोब्राब मोनबाय। In a survey among 205 children of a school, 68 percent had difficulty in keeping up with the studies after the tragedy, 48 percent of them had been rendered unconscious by inhaling leaked methyl isocyanine gas. फरायसालि गंसेनि 205 खुदियाफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे जरिपाव, दुखुनि उनाव 68 जौखोन्दोखौ फरायनायाव लाखिथाबनायाव गोब्राबथि दङमोन, बिसोरनि 48 जौखोन्दोआ हांलानाय ओंखारबोनाय मिथाइल आइससाइनाइन गेसजों सांग्रानङै जाहोजाबोदों। An elderly woman from a colony adjacent to the Union Carbide factory could not speak or hear after the accident. इउनियन कारबाइद कारखाना खाथिनि फामु गंसेनि सासे बैसोगोरा आयजोआ जाब्रथायनि उनाव रायलायनो एबा खोनानो हायामोन। Yet physically there was nothing wrong with her. अब्लासिमबो बिनाव देहायारियै जेबो जेंना गैयामोन। Only after psychiatric help both her hearing and voice came back to normal. मेलेम-डाक्टारनि हेफाजाबनि उनावसो बिनि खोनानाय आरो गारांआ सरासनस्रायाव फैदोंमोन। Sometimes under stress, the morale of the people rises high, their cohesion and unity helps them to rise above their fears and overcome the extreme periods of distress most successfully. माब्लाबा जिंगायाव, सुबुंनि थुलुंगाया गोजौ जौगायो, बिसोरनि लोगोसेथि आरो खौसेथिया बिसोरनि गिनायखौ खारहोनो आरो गोसो-बायनायनि गोब्राब समफारिफोरखौ बांसिन जाफुंसारनायै बारगनो बिसोरखौ हेफाजाब-खालामो। During the Second World War, the people of Britain showed extreme sense of cohesiveness, according to psychologist Irving Janis. गोसोबिगियानगिरि आरभिं जैननि बादिब्ला, नैथि मुलुग दावहानि समाव, बृतेइननि सुबुंफोरा लोगोसेथिनि जोबोर-बांसिन ओंथि दिन्थिदोंमोन। The fear reaction subsided within 15 minutes after the end of the air raids. बार बारसिननाय जोबनायनि उनाव गिनाय फिनजाथाया 15 मिनिटनि गेजेराव खमायलाङो। People paid less attention to the sirens. सायरेनाव मानसिफोरा खम गोसो होदोंमोन। The citizens of Hiroshima also showed tremendous resilience, though the destruction, death injuries, illness caused by the tragedy was unprecedented. फोजोबस्रांनाय, थैनाय जखमफोर, दुखुनि थाखाय बेरामथिया गोदाममोनब्लाबो हिरसिमानि नोगोरारिफोराबो सोमोनांथाव फैफिनगोहो दिन्थिदोंमोन। The extent of the adverse effects was astonishingly small in intensity. उलथा गोहोमनि गोसारनाया बिबाङाव सोमोनांथावनायै फिसामोन। Within 3 months of the attack 140,000 people returned to the city. गाग्लोबनायनि दान मोनथामनि गेजेरावनो 140,000 सुबुङा नोगोराव फैफिनदोंमोन। Israeli sociologist Aaron Anthonovsky claims that 25 percent of those who survived the tortures of the concentration camps did so without succumbing to psychiatric disorders despite their long year's of physical suffering under constant fear of death and terrible atrocities. इजराइलियारि समाज-बिगियानगिरि एरन एन्थनभस्किआ दाबियो दि जजाना-थानाय बादाफोरनि उदखारियाव जायफोरा थांना-दङमोन बिसोरनि 25 जौखोन्दोआ थैनायनि दिदोम गिनाय आरो गिख्रंथाव अनागारिफोरनि सिङाव गोबाव बोसोरफोर देहायारि भुगिसेयावबो मेलेमारि गुलाय-गुजायफोराव खर’गंग्लायालासे बेबादि मावदोंमोन। The unity, the moral support to each other, the great social admiration turned them into heroes. खौसेथि, सासेया सासेनो बोसोनारि हेफाजाब, जोबोर-मोजां समाजारि बाख्नायनाया बिसोरखौ जोहोलावफोराव सोलायदोंमोन। They could all join together to fight their common fear and the enemy. बिसोरनि गिनाय आरो सुथुरजों जुजिनो बिसोर गासैबो जयैनो नांथानो हादोंमोन। A weak politician in the face of scarcity, of general grievances, upheaval and fears of disintegration is known to exercise control over everything by waging war against the enemy. सरासनस्रा दुखुफोरनि, आंखालथिनि मोखाङाव सासे लोरबां राजखान्थिगिरि, खैसेथिगैयैनि दावराव-दावसि आरो गिनाया गासैनिबो सायाव सुथुरनि बेरेखायै दावहानि गेजेरजों ब्याम-खालामनाय दबथायनाय होनना मिथिजायो। In a medical college in 1959, in Kanpur, one day in the early hours of the morning, we were taken to the Central Jail, to witness a hanging. कानपुराव, 1959आव मेदिकेल फरायसालिमा गंसेयाव, सानसेखालि फुंथारनि घन्टाफोराव सासे दौलें-लागायनायखौ नायनो जों लांजादोंमोन। Three brothers had wiped out a whole family in a land dispute. साथाम बिदा-फंबायफोरा न’खर गंसेखौ हानि नांलायनायाव फोजोबस्रांदोंमोन। One was given imprisonment for life and the other two were to be hanged that morning. सासेया गासै-जिउनि थाखाय जोबथेजानाय होजादोंमोन आरो गुबुन सानैया बै फुङाव फासि होनो। It was dawn and we were standing at some distance from the hanging area. बेयो अखानायसिमोन आरो जों फासिहोनाय ओनसोलनिफ्राय एसेसो जानथायाव गसंना दङमोन। We saw the two condemned brothers coming with policemen. सानै दायनिगिरि बिदा-फंबायफोरखौ जों पुलिसफोरजों फैबाय थानाय नुदोंमोन। One of them was walking straight and looked fearless. बिसोरनि सासेया थोजों थाबायना दंमोन आरो गिनायगैयै नुदोंमोन। The other was not able to walk. गुबुन सासेया थाबायनो हाथावना नङामोन। His legs were trembling and he was full of fear. बिनि आथिंफोरा गाद्लेदोंमोन आरो बियो गिनायजों आबुंमोन। He was being supported by two policemen. बियो सानै पुलिसफोरजों हेफाजाब होजादोंमोन। They were brought to the hanging platform the first person stood in the spot where he was told to. बिसोर फासिहोनाय बिथायाव लाबोजादोंमोन सेथि सुबुङा जायगायाव गसंदोंमोन जेराव बियो बुंजादोंमोन। The second accused was begging to be pardoned. नैथि दायफोनांजानाया निमाहा-होजानो बिगासिनो दंमोन। Hindus believe that if you call God's names just before death, you will go to heaven. हिन्दुफोरा फोथायो दि थैनायनि इसेसो सिगाङाव नों इसोरनि मुंफोर गाबज्रियोब्ला, नों सोरगोआव थांसिगोन। Black covers were put on their heads and the loop, were put round their necks. गोसोम खोबग्राफोरा बिसोरनि खर’फोर आरो गानथियाव गानहोजादोंमोन, बिसोरनि गोदोनाफोरा दुलुर दोनजादोंमोन। Moments later, the hangman pulled the handle and both the brothers were swinging by their necks over the ditch below. बुबिलिफोर उनाव, फासिहोनाय-मानसिया हेन्देलखौ बोदोंमोन आरो सानैबो बिदा-फंबायफोरा सिङाव जाफैनि सायाव बिसोरनि गोदोनाजों सोमावबाय-थादोंमोन। There was not even a tremor in their bodies. अदेबानि बिसोरनि देहायाव खमफिनाय मोनसेबो गैयामोन। Of course, the hangman did not warn them before he pulled the handle. अदेबानि, फासिहोनाय-मानसिया बियो हेन्देलखौ बोनायनि सिगां बिसोरखौ सामोल खालामाखैमोन। Both brothers had committed the same crime and had the same punishment. सानैबो बिदा-फंबायफोरा सानैबो एखे दाय-मावदोंमोन आरो एखे साजा मोनदोंमोन। But one remained strong and ready to face the end, the other got weak in the face of death. नाथाय सासेया गोहोगोरायैनो दंमोनल आरो जोबनायजों मोगा-मोगि जानो थियारिमोन, गुबुन सासेया थैनायनि मोखाङाव लोरबां जादोंमोन। One's own temperament is important in the face of severe stress. सासेनि गावनि आखुआ जोबोरैनो जिंगाफोरनि मोखाङाव गोनांथार। Others may crumble under much milder stress. गुबुनफोरा बांसिन गुरैसिन जिंगाफोराव गोग्लैनो हागौ। A number of interviews were conducted with the survivors of the Nazi concentration camps to determine how they had been able to survive and cope with stress. माबोरै बिसोर थांना-थानो आरो जिंगाजों मोगामोगि जानो हाथावना जादोंमोन थि-खालामनो नाजियाव थानाय बादाफोरनि थांना-थांनायफोरजों गोबां अनजिमानि मोगामोगिफोरखौ खुंनाय जादोंमोन। A few of them told an investigator that they survived for a purpose: to help a relative, to bear witness and show the world what happened to them or to seek revenge. बिसोरनि सानैसोआ नायसंगिरि सासेखौ बुंदोंमोन दि बिसोर मोनसे थांखिनि थाखाय थांना-दङमोन: बाहागो सासेखौ हेफाजाब-होनो, बिसोरजों मा जादोंमोन आरो खिथेर नागिरनो साखि जानो आरो बुङुमखौ दिन्थिनो। Some inmates focused their attention to small gratifications such as getting through the food line. माखासे लोगोआव-थाफाग्राफोरा बिसोरनि गोसोहोनायखौ खाजा लारि बादि फिसा गोजोननायाव रिफिहोदोंमोन। Humour also plays a great role in the survival process and there are a few who can keep up humour in the most difficult circumstances. थांना-थानाय बिखान्थियाव मिनिहोनायाबो मोनसे जोबोर-गेदेर बिफाव लायो आरो माखासे दं जाय नोंखौ गोब्राब थासारिफोरावबो मिनिहोबाय थाहोनो हायो। A man in front of a firing squad was asked, if he would like a last cigarette, he refused saying, "No thanks, I am trying to give up smoking". गुलि-गावनाय सान्थ्रि हानजानि मोनसेनि मोखाङाव मानसि सासेया सोंजादोंमोन, बियो जोबथा सिगारेत थसेखौ मोजां मोनोमोनब्ला, “नाङा साबायखर, आं सोबनायखौ गारनो नाजागासिनो दं’’ होनना नेवसिदोंमोन। Both laughter and tears seem to release stress. मिनिनाय आरो मोदै मोननैआबो जिंगाखौ हगारो होनना मोनदांनाय जायो। Bulman and Camille interviewed 29 people suffering from paralysis caused by different types of automobile accidents, or a fall or by injury in the football field. बायदि रोखोमनि अमबाइल जाब्रथायनि जाहोनाव खुरियायाव भुगिबाय-थानाय, एबा जुलुर फोथाराव गोग्लैनाय एबा बेनि-थाखाय जखम-जानाय 29 सुबुंखौ बुलमेन आरो केमिलिया मोगामोगि-लादोंमोन। A few were coping better than others. सानैसोआ गुबुनफोरनिखुरै मोजांसिनै मोगा-मोगि जादोंमोन। The fellows who were doing well were those who accepted reality and tried to deal with it positively. लोगोफोरा जायफोरा मोजाङै मावगासिनो-दंमोन बिसोरनोमोन जायफोरा सैथोथिखौ नाजावदोंमोन आरो दाजाबथायारियै मोगा-मोगि जादोंमोन। Others were coping poorly, particularly those who denied to themselves the knowledge, the extent of the injury and expected to get well miraculously. गुबुनफोरा खम बिबाङै मोगा-मोगि जाना दंमोन, जर’खायै बैफोर जायफोरा गियानजों गावखौ नेवसिदोंमोन, जखमनि गोसारनाय आरो गोमोथावै मोजां जानो मिजिं-थिदोंमोन। Some thought that it was their fate, felt helpless and were unable to develop a control over the future. माखासेया सानदोंमोन दि बेयो बिसोरनि बरातमोन, राहागैयै मोनदांदोंमोन आरो इयुननि सायाव दबथायनाय मोनसे जौगाहोनो हाथावैमोन। Patients who felt responsible for their injury also felt responsible for their recovery and were coping better. जब्राफोरा जायफोरा बिसोरनि जखमनि थाखाय दायनिगिरि मोनदांदोंमोन बिसोरनि मोजां-जाफिननायनि थाखायबो दायनिगिरि मोनदांदोंमोन आरो मोजांसिनै मोगा-मोगि जाना-दंमोन। Some 26 percent of rape victims did not feel that they had recovered from assault even after four to six years after. जिनाहारि बुग्लेमजानायनि 26 जौखोन्दोआ मोनदाङाखैमोन दि बिसोर गाग्लोबनायनिफ्राय रैखा-खालामजादोंमोन अदेबानि ब्रैनिफ्राय द बोसोरनि उनाव। Studies concerning widows revealed that 25 per cent of them felt sufficiently distressed in the first two years after the death of their husbands. रान्दिफोरजों लोब्बागोनां नायबिजिरनाया दिन्थिदोंमोन दि बिसोरनि 25 जौखोन्दोआ बिसोरनि फिसायफोर थैनायनि उनाव गिबि मोननै बोसोराव जोबोर-बांसिन दुखु मोनदांदोंमोन। In another study 40 percent of the bereaved continued to experience anxiety even after two to four years after the loss of their loved ones. गुबुन मोनसे नायबिजिरनायाव दुखुथियानि 40 जौखोन्दोआ बिसोरनि मोजां मोननाय सासेखौ खोमानायनि अदेबानि नैनिफ्राय ब्रै बोसोरफोरसिम दुखुखौ रोंमोनदांथिबाय थादोंमोन। Vietnam combat veterans had a high rate of mild to severe depression and anxiety. भियेटनाम दावहा रोंगौथिगोनांफोरा गोसोबायनाय आरो दुखुखौ मावमिनहोनो गुरै-आखुनि मोनसे गोजौ हार दङमोन। In "Death and Dying" that an individual must face death by going through a sequence of reactions like denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. "थैखानाय आरो थैबाय-थानाय"आव जेराव सासे मानसिया जेरै नेवसिनाय, रागा, खमायनाय, गोसोबायनाय, नाजावनायबादि फिनजाथायनि माखासे फारिनिफोर गेजेरजों थैनायजों मोगामोगि जाथारनांगौ। When there is a constant fear of terrorist attacks or war or uncertainty of political and social upheaval, there may be a need for denial in order to feel better and maintain hope and a sense of self-worth. जेराव थिउरिया गाग्लोबनायनि एबा दावहा एबा राजखान्थियारि एबा समाजारि दावराव-दावसिनि मोनसे दिदोम गिनाय दं, मोजांसिन मोनदांनो आरो मिजिंखौ सामलायनो आरो गाव-बेसेनमोनदांथिनि थाखाय बैयाव नेवसिनायनि मोनसे गोनांथि जानो हागौ। Denial dampens the idea and feeling and allows an individual to adjust gradually to unpleasant circumstances. नेवसिनाया सोलो आरो मोनदांनायखौ सिफायो आरो मानसि सासेखौ गोजोनगैयै थासारिफोराव लासैयै खाबजाहोयो। A weak and helpless victim of polio, burns, or spinal cord injury often uses denial at first in order to cope with stress in the early stage. पलिअ’, खामनायफोरनि सासे लोरबां आरो राहागैयै भुगिगिरिया, एबा स्पाइनाल कर्द जखम-जानाया गिबियाव गुदि थाखोफोराव जिंगाजों मोगा-मोगिजानो प्राय बाहायो Later they begin to rehabilitate and shift to direct means of coping with stress. उनाव बिसोर जिंगाजों मोगामोगि जानायनि राहाफोरखौ सामलायनो फसंफिननो आरो सोलायनो जागायो। It can be destructive at times, when women deny the significance of lumps in their breasts, or men experiencing heart attack deny the significance of pain. समफोराव बेयो फोजोबलुवारि जानो हागौ, जेब्ला आयजोफोरा बिसोरनि आबुफोराव लद्राफोरनि ओंथिखौ नेवसियो, एबा मैखुन गाग्लोबथिनि रोंमोनदांथिनाय मानसिफोरा सानायनि ओंथिखौ नेवसियो। When we want to release tension, we prefer to go to a serene, calm and secluded place, a sleepy atmosphere where there is no rush. जेब्ला जों जिंगाखौ हगारनो नागिरो, जों मोनसे गोजोन, गुसु आरो निजोम जायगायाव थांनो फसायो, मोनसे उन्दुनो-ओंखारनाय थासारि जेराव जेबो दावराव-दावसि गैया। Noise, high living, the rush on the roads and pollution add to tension. आराव, जौगा जिउ-खुंनाय, लामायाव दावराव-दावसि आरो गुबुंलेआ जिंगायाव दाजाबदेरो। This is what happened to an isolated village, in the Swiss Alps, called Saas, which was a sleepy, calm region. बेयो जाय गावस्राना-थानाय सुइस आल्पसआव सास मुंनि गामि गंसेयाव जादोंमोन जाय दाबसे उन्दुनु ओंखारनाय, गोजोन ओनसोलमोन। A road was opened and overnight it became a tourist resort, in 1957 1957आव लामा दोंसे खुलिनाय-जादोंमोन आरो हरसेयावनो मोनसे दावबायनाय रिजर्त जादोंमोन। By 1970, over 250,000 winter tourists and 500,000 summer tourists were invading this once secluded area. 1970आव 250,000निबो-बांसिन गोजां बोथोरनि दावबायारिफोर आरो 500,000 गोलोमबोथोर दावबायारिफोरा बे खनसे फारिलाय-खालामजानाय ओनसोलखौ गाग्लोबना दङमोन। Now it has a 10-month long tourist season. दानिया बेहा 10 दान गोलावनि मोनसे दावबायनाय बोथोर दङ। The local people worked long hours each day, seven days a week. ओनसोलारि सुबुंफोरा मोनफ्रोमबो सानाव गोलाव सम, सफथा खनसेयाव सानस्नि खामानि-मावदोंमोन। As the economy developed, major changes started taking place in this remote village. रांखान्थिया जौगानाय हिसाबै, बे गोथौ गामियाव गाहाय सोलायनायफोरा जानो जागायदोंमोन। In the last 20 years of boom, the family ties have weakened. हरखाब-बांनायनि थांनाय 20 बोसोराव, नखर खानाया लोरबां-जाबाय। Parental involvement in raising children has become less and less. खुदिया देरनायाव बिफायारि लोब्बाजानाया खमनिफ्राय खमसिन जाबाय। Some of the pernicious habits of the visitors have been adopted. नायगिरिफोरनि खहा-खालामथाव सर’फोरनि माखासेया नाजावजाबोबाय। The use of alcohol and drugs has increased. फेग्रामुवा आरो फेग्रामुलि बाहायनाया बांबाय। The gap between older and younger generation is widening. देरसिन आरो उन्दैसिन आथालनि गेजेरनि फारागा अरलांगासिनो दं। This rapid social change has taken its toll among adults, leading to cases of chronic fatigue, irritability, insomnia, ulcers and high blood pressure. बे गोख्रै समाजारि सोलायनाया बैसोगोराफोरनि गेजेराव फारि मेंग्लिनाय, रागाजोंखांनाय, इनसमनिया, आलसार आरो जौगा थै नारथायनि फारियाव सोलायना बेनि मासुलखौ लाबाय। Alcoholism is increasing among the young and women. एलकहलिजिमआ सेंग्रा आरो आयजोफोरनि गेजेराव बांगासिनो दं। Divorces and mental illnesses are the rule of the day. फाथैलाइ-बिसिनाय आरो गोसोआरि बेरामफोरा दिनैनि आइन। The affluent countries of the West are the greatest sufferers of tension. सोनाबनि दोहोनि हादोरफोरा जिंगाजों बांसिन बुग्लेमजानाय। Westerners who were learning yoga invariably said that yoga gave them peace of mind. सोनाबारिफोरा जायफोरा अरायबो जगा सोलोंगासिनो दंमोन बुंदोंमोन दि जगाया बिसोरखौ गोसोनि गोजोन होदोंमोन। The most powerful man of a most powerful country of the world whose finger controls the nuclear button fares better than his deputy. बुहुमनि जोबोर गोहोगोनां हादोर गंसेनि जोबोर गोहोगोनां मानसिया जायनि आसिया पारमानबिक बुतामखौ सामलायो He is a more successful man. बायो बांसिन जाफुंसार मानसि। Success Promotes longevity, gives you something to live for. जाफुंसारनाया गोलावथिखौ जौगाहोयो, जिउ खुंनायनि थाखाय माबा मोनसे होयो। Middle managers are more stressful, they are the persons who are trying hard but still do not reach the executive summit. गेजेर सामलायग्राफोरा बांसिन नारसिनथायगोनां, बिसोर मानसिफोर जायफोरा गोब्राब नाजागासिनो दं नाथाय दासिमबो मावफुङारि थिखिनि सहैया। William Sergeant, a celebrated U .K. Psychiatrist, recognized that the ability to cope with various stressful situations varied from person to person according to their temperament. सासे मुंदांखा इउ. के. गोसो-डाक्टार उइलियाम सारजेन्तआ गनायदोंमोन दि बायदि नारसिनथायगोनां थासारिफोरजों मोगामोगि जानायनि रोंथाया मानसि लाना मानसि बिसोरनि गोसो-देहायारियै गुबुन-गुबुन। Everyone needs rest and sleep but the amount required differs for each individual. साफ्रोमनोबो जिरायनाय आरो उन्दुनाय नांगौ नाथाय बिबांनि गोनांथिया साफ्रोमनिबो थाखाय गुबुन-गुबुन। Most adults require about 7 to 8 1/2 hours at night. बांसिन बैसोगोरानो हराव प्राय 7निफ्राय 8 1/2 घन्टासिम नांगौ। Everyone often has trouble getting sleep. साफ्रोमआबो प्राय खायसो मोननाय उन्दुनाय दं। Insomnia indicates physical or emotional disorders. इनसमनियाया देहायारि एबा आबेगारि बेले-बेजेखौ इसाराहोयो। Rest and relaxation are as important as sleep. जिरायनाय आरो सुग्लायनायफोरा उन्दुनाय बादिनो गोनां। After strenuous work, a person may need a period of rest and during others he may just require some relaxation or a change of place. गोहोजों मावनायनि उनाव सासे मानसिनो जिरायनायनि मोनसे समफारि गोनांथि जानो हागौ आरो गुबुन समफोराव बिनो इसेल’ सुग्लायनाय एबा जायगा दाबसेनि मोनसे सोलायनायनि गोनांथि जानो हागौ। Pleasurable and relaxing activities help the body to shed tension and remain robust. गोजोनथावना आरो सुग्लायनाय खामानिफोरा जिंगानिफ्राय उदां जानो आरो गोहोगोरा थानो देहाखौ हेफाजाबहोयो। If rest and relaxation do not relieve fatigue and tension, the individual may have a physical or emotional problem. जिरायनाय आरो सुग्लायनाया मेंग्लिनाय आरो जिंगाखौ होखाराब्ला बै सुबुङा देहायारि एबा आबेगारि मोनसे जेंना थानो हागौ। Exercise helps to keep the body healthy and fit. ब्यामा देहाखौ बेरामगोनाङै आरो आरजाथाव लाखिनो हेफाजाब होयो। Vigorous exercise strengthens the muscles and improves the function of the circulatory and respiratory systems. गोहोगोनां ब्यामा मोदोमगेहेनखौ गोहोगोरा खालामो आरो खारसारथाय आरो हांबोनाय-हगारनायारि बिखान्थिनि खामानिखौ जौगाहोयो। To achieve fitness, a person should start an exercise program slowly and build it up gradually to a level that maintains a healthy heart and strong muscles. आरजाथावथि मोननो, सासे सुबुङा लासैनो ब्याम मोनसे जागायनांगौ आरो लासैयै मोनसे थाखोसिम बानायलांनांगौ जाय बेरामगैयै मैखुन मोनसे आरो गोहोगोरा मोदोमगेहेनफोर सामलायो। Daily exercise provides the greatest benefits. सानफ्रोमबोनि ब्यामा मोजांसिन मुलाम्फाफोर जगायो। Health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being. सावस्रिया देहेयारि, गोसोआरि आरो समाजारि मोजांनि अबस्था। It involves more than just the absence of disease. बेरामनि नुजाथिगैयैलनिख्रै बेयो बांसिन लोबबागोनां। A person who is in good physical condition has the strength and energy to enjoy an active life and withstand the stresses of daily life. सुबुं सासे जायहा देहेयारि अबस्थाया मोजां मोनसे सांग्रां जिउखौ रंजानायानि गोहो आरो बोलोआ दं आरो सानफ्रोमबो जिउनि नारसिनथायफोरखौ हेंथाहोयो। Proper nutrition, exercise, rest and sleep, cleanliness and medical and dental care are essential parts of hygiene. थि परिपुस्ति, ब्याम, जिरायनाय आरो उन्दुनाय, गोथारथि आरो मेदिकेल आरो हाथाय जोथोनलानाय आरो सावस्रिनि गोनांथार बाहागोफोर। Handling stress is essential for avoiding both mental and physical illness. गोसोआरि आरो देहायारि बेरामथि मोननैखौबो नेवसिनायनि थाखाय नारसिनथायखौ सामलायनाया गोनांथार। No one can avoid stress but a person can do a few things to help lessen the danger of becoming ill due to stress. नारसिनथायखौ रावबो नेवसिनो हाया नाथाय सुबुं सासेया नारसिनथायनि थाखाय जानाय बेरामथिनि खैफोदखौ खमसिन खालामनो मोननैसो खामानि मावनो हायो। Regular exercise and sufficient sleep strengthen the body's resistance to stress. नेमबादि ब्याम आरो थोजासे उन्दुनाया नारसिनथायखौ देहानि हेंथाहोनायखौ गोहोगोरा खालामो। Everyone should learn to relax by resting, taking a walk, meditating, indulging in a hobby or by any other method that is found successful. जिरायनानै, थाबायनानै, ध्यान-खालामनानै, हुदा मोनसेयाव नांथाबनानै एबा गुबुन जायखिजाया आदबजों जायखौ जाफुंसार मोनो साफ्रोमबो सुग्लायनो सोलोंनांगौ। Stress is the spice of life. नारसिनथाया जिउनि मसला। Without stress, life would be dull and boring. नारसिनथाय गैयालासे जिउआ बुथुवा आरो बारुरु जागोन। When you are tense your speed increases, your reaction time becomes shorter, you are able to finish your work with a time bound precision. जेब्ला नों जिंगा-जायो नोंनि गोख्रैथिया बाङो, नोंनि फिनजाथाय समा गुसुंसिन जायो, सम-खानाय जौगानाय-खामानि मोनसेजों नोंनि खामानिखौ फोजोबनो नों हाथावना। Your job will be a challenging one. नोंनि खामानिया मोनसे जुजिनायगोनां जागोन। It is when you fix goals. बेयो नों जेब्ला थांखि थि खालामो। To reach them in time, strive hard. थि समाव बैफोराव सहैनो, गोब्राब नाजा। With every goal achieved you become stronger and you are able to reach higher targets. मोनफ्रोमबो थांखि देरहानायजों नों गोहोगोरासिन जायो आरो गोजौसिन नोजोर-थांखियाव सहैनो नों हाथावना। A nagging wife is a good wife because she keeps you tense and compels you to finish important works in time. खायसो-खालामनाय बिसि सासेया सासे मोजां बिसि मानोना बियो नोंखौ जिंगायाव लाखियो आरो गोनां खामानिफोरखौ थिसमाव फोजोबनो बाध्य-खालामो। Tension is good for students to keep themselves on their toes. जिंगाया बिसोरखौ आसिबिमायाव गावसोरखौ लाखिनो फरायसाफोरनि थाखाय मोजां। They strive to do their homework and study properly and secure good marks. बिसोर बिसोरनि ननिखामानि आरो फरायनायखौ थियै मावनो नाजायो आरो मोजां नम्बर दैखाङो। When a nagging wife starts nagging for little things, all the time, and does not let you live in peace in your own house, or when a student is goaded by his parents to reach a higher ambition or to get distinction marks, that is when you have tension. खायसो-खालामनाय बिसि सासेया जेब्ला फिसा मुवानि थाखाय गासैबो समावनो खायसो-खालामनो जागायो, आरो नोंनि गावनि नवावनो नोंखौ गोजोनाव थानो होआ, एबा फरायसा सासेया जेब्ला मोनसे गोजौसिन गेदेर-हाबिला देरहानो एबा दिस्तिंसन नम्बर मोननो बिमा-बिफाजों जरहोजायो, बेयो जेब्ला नोंहा जिंगा दङ। This is more so in the case of a student who is not very bright and in fact not capable of achieving much in studies. बेबादिनो बेयो फरायसा सासेनि बेलायाव बांसिन जाय जोबोर गोबौ नङा आरो गुबैयाव फरायनायाव बांसिन देरहानायनि हाथावना नङा। If you set high targets, which are not within your ability or something that may take a lifetime to complete and you are still not sure whether you will be able to cope with them, your tension increases. नों गोजौ नोजोर-थांखि थिखालामदोंब्ला, जायफोरा नोंनि हाथावनानि सिङाव नङा एबा माबामोनसे जाय आबुं जानो जिउ-जोरथिसम लानो हागौ आरो बेफोरजों मोगामोगि जानो नों हाथावना नंगौना नङा नों दासिमबो रोखा नङा, नोंनि जिंगाया बाङो। Tension keeps building up. जिंगाया जौगानायखौ लाखियो। It is like your bank account, if you are lucky, you keep on depositing money. बेयो नोंनि बेंक एकाउन्ट बादि, नों खाफालगोनांब्ला, नों रां जमायबाय थायो। Slowly, steadily and gradually it swells into a big account, when you will be able to buy a car, a scooter, a fridge or TV or build a house. लासैयै, गोमजोरै आरो फारियै बेयो मोनसे गेदेर एकाउन्टआव सोलायगोन, जेब्ला नों गंसे मथर, गंसे स्कुतार, गंसे फ्रिज एबा ति भि एबा न’ गंसे लुनो हागोन। Tension keeps on mounting in the same way gradually and steadily if you are not able to find solutions to your problems. नोंनि जेंनाफोरनि नों सुस्रांनाय दिहुननो हायाब्ला जिंगाया एखे रोखोमैनो लासैयै आरो गोमजोरै जौबोबाय थायो। It gets deposited slowly and gradually in your account. बेयो लासैयै जमाजायो आरो फारियै नोंनि एकाउन्टआव। You are aware of your bank account building up, but may not be conscious about your tension building up in the body. नोंनि बेंक एकाउन्ट जौगानायाव नों सांग्रां, नाथाय देहायाव जिंगा जौगाबाय थानायखौ सांग्रां नङाबो जानो हागौ। There is no accurate measuring scale to know how much exactly your tension account is and how much has been deposited in your body bank. नोंनि जिंगानि हिसाबा बेसेबां आरो नोंनि देहा बेंकआव बेसेबां जमा जादों मिथिनो जेबो थि सुनाय थाखो गैया। A small tension is spice, but too much tension becomes poison for your existence. मोनसे फिसा जिंगाया मसला, नाथाय जोबोर बांसिन जिंगाया नोंनि थामोनथानि थाखाय बिष जायो। Some amount of stress for a small duration does not harm the body, the changes which come in the body during stress, return to normal when it is over. मोनसे फिसा समफारिनि थाखाय खम बिबांनि जिंगाया देहाखौ खहा खालामा, साय सोलायनाया जिंगानि समाव देहायाव फैयो, सरासनस्रायाव गिदिंफिनो जेब्ला बेयो जोबो। In other words ambitious persons, who have no perspective of their own limitations, believe they can do it all. गुबुन सोदोबाव गोजौ-हाबिलागोनां सुबुङा जायहा गावनि सिमागोनांफोरनि गोजाननु गैया फोथायो बिसोर गासैखौबो मावनो हायो। If they fail to achieve their desired goal, they refuse to settle for the second best. बिसोर बिसोरनि हास्थायनाय थांखिखौ देरहानो फेलें जायोब्ला, बिसोर नैथि साबसिननि थाखाय फसंनो नेवसियो। We call this nervous tension. बेखौ जों गिनाय जिंगा बुङो। It can create havoc in the body. बेयो देहायाव सिलिंखार सोरजिहोनो हागौ। Tension is a part of our modern living. जिंगाया गोदान जिउ-खुंनायनि मोनसे बाहागो। It is a product of industrialization and materialism. बेयो दारिमिनारि-जाहोनाय आरो बेसादथिनि मोनसे दिहुनथाय। This has already come in a big way in Western countries. सोनाबारि हादरफोराव बेयो मोनसे गेदेर दोहौआव अदेबानि अदेबानि फैखांबाय। As the speed of life increases, it builds tension with an equal speed. जिउनि गोख्रैथिया बांनायजों बेयो मोनसे समान गोख्रैथिजों जिंगा जौगाहोयो। As the struggle for existence increases, so does tension. थामोनथानि थाखाय जुजिनाय बांनाय बादि बेबादिनो जिंगायाबो। When you find it difficult to get a job, or set up a business, when there is difficulty in getting a house, or admission for your children in a school, there is a cause to become tense. साखरि मोननो गोब्राब होनना नों मिथियो एबा मोनसे फालांगि फसंनो, जेब्ला न’ गंसे मोननायाव गोब्राबथि दं, एबा फरायसालियाव नोंनि खुदियानि थाखाय मुं-थिसननायाव, बेयाव जिंगानि मोनसे जाहोन दं। You exhaust yourself in collecting the basic necessities of life. जिउनि गुदि गोनांथिफोरखौ बुथुमनायाव नों गावखौनौ मेंहो। This plight goes on all the time even during an emotional adjustment with your family members. बे थासारिया गासैबो समावनो सलिबाय थायो अबेदानि नोंनि नखरनि सोद्रोमाफोरजों मोनसे आबेगारि गोरोबहोनाय समावबो। This comes also in competitions with your relatives, friends and your neighbours. नोंनि सोमोन्दोआरिफोर, लोगोफोर आरो नोंनि नसुंसेयारिफोरजों बेयो बादायलायनायावबो फैयो। Trying to keep up with the Joneses, you tend to show off what you are not and crave for appreciation and prove yourself bigger than what you actually are. जनजों एखेयै लाखिनो नाजानाय, नों जा नङा गोगायै-दिन्थिनो आरो बाख्नायजानायनि थाखाय हास्थायनाय आरो गुबैयाव नों जा बेनिख्रै गावखौनो गेदेरसिन फोरमान खालामनो नोंहा गोसो-दं। All these are capable of generating unhealthy tension. बेफोर गासैबो जाथावना बेरामि जिंगाफोरखौ दिहुननानै। Let us go back 30,000 years, to the times of our ancestors. जोंनि आजै-आजौमोननि सम 30,000 बोसोर सिगांसिम जोंहा थांदोनि। They lived and struggled for food and shelter. बिसोर खाजा आरो आश्रयनि थाखाय जुजिदोंमोन। Entering a forest clearing, if a hunter suddenly comes face to face with a ferocious and hungry tiger looking for its prey, confrontation takes place, their eyes meet. हाग्रा गंसे एवस्रांनानै हाबनाया, फलान सासेया फोजोबस्रां-गोहोगोनां आरो उखैहाबनाय मोसा मासेजों बेनि गाग्लोबनायनि थाखाय हरखाब मोगा-मोगि जाफैयोब्ला, गोहोगोनां-फेरफाथिनाया जायो, बिसोरनि मेगनफोरा लोगो-जालायो। The body becomes tense, the man feels the accelerated pounding of his heart, blood pressure rises, the mouth becomes dry, sweat appears on his brow. देहाया उसुखुथु जायो, मानसिया बिनि मैखुननि गोख्रैथि मावफिननायखौ मोनदाङो, नै नारसिनथाया बाङो, खुगाया गोरान जायो, मेगन-मुसुगुराव गोलोमदै-गयो। Breathing hard and thinking fast, the man has to make a decision. गोसायै हां-लानानै आरो गोख्रै साननानै मानसिया मोनसे गरन्थ लानांगौ। Stand and face the animal and fight to death, or turn around and run into the thickets. गसं आरो जुनारजों मोगा-मोगिजा आरो थैनो जुजि, एबा सोरगिदिं गिदिं आरो रोजासिनाव खारलां। Evolution has equipped us to react to a stressful situation physically. मोनसे जिंगागोनां थासारिखौ देहायारियै फिनजाथाय-खालामनो जौगानाया जोंखौ थियारि-खालामनाहोबाय। As the body receives stress signals, the concerned nerves begin their work to stimulate the pituitary gland. देहाया नारसिनथाय इसाराखौ मोननाय लोगो-लोगो लोबबागोनां स्नायुफोरा पितुइतेरि ग्लेण्डखौ थुलुंगा होनो बिसोरनि खामानिखौ जागायो। This is the master key gland which in turn stimulates other glands to secrete a hormone called adrenaline. बेयो बिगोमा गाहाय ग्लेण्ड जाय फिननायाव इउद्रेनुलिन होननाय मोनसे हरमनखौ लाखोमानो गुबुन ग्लेण्डफोरखौ थुलुंगाहोयो। This is a substance which excites all the body systems. बेयो मोनसे सारबाहागो जाय गासै देहा बिखान्थिखौ बोदोर-खालामो। With a racing heart and fast breathing, more oxygen is pumped into the blood, raising blood pressure and pulse pressure. खारनाय मैखुन मोनसे आरो गोख्रै हां-लानायजों थै नारसिनथाय आरो बिखा-मावनायखौ बांहोनानै थैयाव बांसिन अक्सिजेन सुहरजायो। With a shaky stomach the man is ready to fight or run. मोनसे लोरबां उदैजों मानसिया जुजिनो एबा खारनो थियारि। If the stress subsides, these responses die away. जिंगाया खमायलाङोब्ला बेफोर फिननाया थैलाङो। The body is released from tension and returns to a state of equilibrium thus an athlete after his event comes back to a normal state. देहाया जिंगानिफ्राय उदां-जायो आरो एथलित सासेया बिनि खेलाया जोबनायनि उनाव मोनसे सरासन्रा अबस्थायाव फैयो बेबादिनो मोनसे दिदोम अबस्थायाव फैयो। His body reaction subsides and no harm is done to the body. बिनि देहा फिनजाथाया खमायलाङो आरो देहाखौ जेबो खहा खालामा। Same thing happens to a student who has to undergo an examination. फरायसा सासेजोंबो एखे जाथायानो जायो जाय आनजाद मोनसेनि गेजेरजों थांनांगौ जायो। It is then that the body does not come back to the post-stress normal physiological state. बेयो अब्ला दि देहाया नारसिनथाय उन सरासनस्रा गोसोआरि अबस्थायाव फैफिना। This is the time which is fraught with danger. बेनो समा जाय खैफोदजों बुंफबनाय। Now when we are not obliged to fight or flee we may get palpitation, sitting at our desk. दानिया जों जुजिनो थाखाय एबा खारखुमानो थाखाय जेब्ला बाध्य नङा जों जोंनि देस्कआव जिरायनानै गोख्रैसिन बिखा-मावनाय मोननो हागौ। A constant panic turns itself into a situation which gives rise to clammy hands, racing pulse, high blood pressure, stomach hyper secretion, and a nervous system that goes hay-wire. मोनसे दिदोम जोबोर-गिनाय गावनो मोनसे थासारियाव सोलायो जाय गुसु-सिदोब आखायफोराव, खारनायारि बिखा-मावनाय, जौगा थै नारसिनथाय, उदै बारायगा सिगारनाय बांहोयो, आरो मोनसे स्नायु बिखान्थि जाय थियै-सलिया। Instead of improving the performance under stress, we reach a point where greater pressure is actually counterproductive and can result in physical breakdown. जिंगानि सिङाव मावफुंथायखौ जौगाहोनायनि सोलाय, जों मोनसे थिलि सहैयो जेराव गेदेमासिन नारसिनथाया गुबैयाव उलथा-दिहुनथायारि आरो देहायारि बायफ्लेनायाव सोलायनो हागौ। We may then feel restless, tense, irritable or depressed. अब्ला जों उसुखुथु, जिंगा, खायसो-खालामथाव एबा गोसो-बायनाय मोनदांनो हागौ। We may suffer from loss of appetite, insomnia, extensive fatigue and a loss of sexual potency. उखैनाय-गैयै इनसमनिया, बांद्राय मेंग्लिनाय आरो आथोनारि उदायथि गोमानायाव भुगिनो हागौ। During the 1970s there was considerable research into the relationship between stress and disease particularly regarding stress and cancer, heart disease, diabetes, peptic ulcer, tuberculosis, eczema and asthma. 1970थिनि समाव नारसिनथाय आरो बेरामनि गेजेराव जर’खायै नारसिनथाय आरो केन्सार, मैखुन बेराम, दायेबितिस, पेपतिक आलसार, टिउबारकुलास, एकजेमा आरो आस्थमानि बागै नारसिनथाय आरो बेरामनि सोमोन्दोआव गोबां संजिरनाय जादोंमोन। Headaches caused by tension affect an estimated 15 million Americans, while high blood pressure affects 20 million. जिंगानि थाखाय खरसानाया थिखानाय 15 मिलियन आमेरिकायारिफोरखौ नाख्रेबो, जेराव जौगा थै नारसिनथाया 20 मिलियनखौ नाख्रेबो। A lady was suffering from diarrhoea, but neither medicine nor a change in the diet could help her. आयजो सासेया दायेरियायाव भुगिगासिनो दंमोन, नाथाय मुलियाबो हायाखैमोन बिनि खाजायाव सोलायनायाबो बेखौ हेफाजाब-खालामनो हायाखैमोन। Ultimately, she was cured by a psychoanalyst. जोबथायाव, बियो सायकएनेलिस्त सासेजों फाहामजादोंमोन। A problem so obscure, so remote, so different can be due to tension. जेंना मोनसेया जिंगानि थाखाय जोबोर खम-नुजाहोनाय, जोबोर गोजान, जोबोर गुबुन जानो हागौ। The modern medical world agrees that the mind or in-built tension can play a dominant role in all diseases and a major role in 60 percent of all diseases. गोदान मेदिकेल बुहुमा राजि-जायोदि गोसोआ एबा सिंनि जिंगाया गासैबो बेरामावनो मेनसे दबथायनाय बिफाव लानो हागौ आरो गासैबो बेरामनि 60 जौखोन्दोआव मोनसे गाहाय बिफाव लानो हागौ। To live in this world facing all challenges, hearing all misfortunes, and to overcome the prevalent greed and jealousy you need to be relaxed and have a clear mind. गासैबो फेरफाथिनायफोरजों मोगामोगि जानानै गासैबो खाफालगैयैखौ खोनानानै, आरो सोलिबायथानाय लुबैनायनिफ्राय बारगनो नों सुग्लायनो आरो मोनसे उदां गोसो नांगोन। Greed and jealousy are the root causes of all mental and physical diseases. लुबैनाय आरो मेगनसानायफोरा गासैबो गोसोआरि देहायारि बेरामफोरनि गुबै जाहोन। See to it that they do not enter your mind. बेखौ नाय दि बिसोर नोंनि गोसोआव हाबा। Forty years ago people were dying of cholera, small pox and plague. ब्रैजि बोसोर सिगाङाव मानसिफोरा कलेरा, लोनथि बेरनाय आरो प्लेग बेरामाव थैगासिनो दंमोन। More people are dying of heart attack, blood pressure, cancer, and diabetes. बांसिन मानसिफोरानो मैखुन गाग्लोबथि, थै नारसिनथाय, केन्सार आरो दायेबितिसआव थैगासिनो दं। It is the price we pay for the so-called progress, industrialization and for getting more affluent. बुंजानाय दावगानाय, दारिमिनारि-खालामनाय आरो बांसिन धोनि मोननो बेनि थाखाय जों होनाय बेयो बेसेन। The Atherosclerosis Research Centre in the U .S .A. tried an experiment to find out how stress could induce heart attacks. जथाय हादोरनि एथुरसक्लुरसिस संजिर मिरुआ नारसिनथाया माबोरै मैखुन गाग्लोबथिनि जाहोन- जायो बेखौ नागिरना दिहुननो मोनसे आनजाद नायदोंमोन। They took two groups of animals and fed them low fat and low cholesterol diet and matched them for their body weight and blood pressure reading. बिसोर मोननै हानजानि जुनार लादोंमोन आरो बिसोरखौ खम मेजेम आरो खम कलेस्त्रल आदार जाहोदोंमोन आरो बिसोरनि देहा लिरथाय आरो थै नारसिनथाय साननो बिसोरखौ गोरोबहोदोंमोन। For one group they made living very stressful by putting them in cages to break up their normal sort of way. हानजा मोनसेनि थाखाय बिसोरनि सरासनस्रा रोखोमनि राहाखौ बायफ्लेहोनो बिसोरखौ मोनसे फानजारियाव दोननानै थांना थानायखौ बिसोर जोबोर नारसिनथायगोनां खालामदोंमोन। At the end of the experiment, 21 months later, it was found that the stressful group was suffering from serious signs of fatty deposits in their arteries. आनजादनि जोबथायाव 21 दाननि उनाव बेखौ मोननाय जादोंमोनदि नारसिनथायगोनां हानजाया बिसोरनि थैखारसारग्रा-रोदायाव मेजेमगोनां जमाजानायनि गोब्राब नेरसोनाव भुगिगासिनो दंमोन। Not long ago a patient came to me filled with mental distress. गोबाव सिगाङाव नङा मेलेमारि नारसिनथायजों आबुं सासे जब्रा आंनाव फैदोंमोन। He had not been able to sleep well for years. फारियै गोबां बोसोर बियो मोजाङै उन्दुनो हायाखैमोन। He was irritable, had a bad tummy upset, and an irritation of the throat and chest. बियो खायसोगोनांमोन, मोनसे गाज्रि उदैनि जिंगा, आरो गोदोना आरो बिखानि मोनसे खायसो दङमोन। The law suits were being fought in the courts of law and there was no end in sight. आयेन सुइतफोरा आयेननि कर्तआव दावहा नांगासिनो दंमोन आरो नुनायाव जेबो जोबनाय गैयामोन। With cordiality gone and hatred mounting, the effect of all this started descending from a mental to physical level. गोसो-गोरबोथिजों थांबाय आरो हेफाजाब-होनो मुगैदोंमोन, बेफोरनि गासैबोनि उन-फिथायआ गोसोआरिनिफ्राय देहायारि थाखोआव मोनसे हायख्लायनो जागायदोंमोन । I advised him to go home, withdraw or lose, but end all the pending court matters and then come back to me. नवाव थांनो, दैखांनो आरो गोमानो बोसोन होदोंमोन, नाथाय थालांनाय गासैबो कर्टनि खामानिफोरखौ फोजोबनो आरो बेनि-उनाव आंनाव फैनो आं बिखौ बोसोन-होदोंमोन। To my surprise he did as advised. आंखौ सोमोहोनो बियो बोसोन बादियै मावदोंमोन। In a few weeks he was bouncing with joy both physically and mentally. मोननैसो सफथायावनो बियो देहायारि आरो गोसोआरि मोननैयैबो गोजोननायजों बाज्लगासिनो दंमोन। He had become a new man. बियो सासे गोदान मानसि जादोंमोन। He had zest for life. बिहा जिउनि थाखाय रुसि दंमोन। The ability to let off steam or relieve tension now and again seems to help. खफखौ रेहाय होनायनि एबा जिंगाखौ सुग्लायहोनायनि रोंगौथिया गले-गले हेफाजाब-होगोन बादि मोनो। We can express our feelings and unwind ourselves in many different ways, share our feelings with those whom we know and trust. जोंनि साननायफोरखौ जों बुंफोरनो आरो गोबां गुबुन-गुबुन राहाजों जों-गावखौनो जिंगागैयै-खालामनो हायो जोंनि साननायफोरखौ बैसोरजों फोरमायलाय जायखौ जों सिनायो आरो फोथायो । Having the capacity to laugh at ourselves now and then allows us to relax. जों-गावनियावनो मिनिनो हानाय गोहोआ गले-गले जोंखौ सुग्लायनो गनायो। Screaming and yelling will also help though it may not be socially acceptable. बेयो समाजारियै गनायथाव नङै जानो हागौब्लाबो होसिख्रावनाय आरो होख्रावनायाबो हेफाजाब-खालामगोन। The fear of a nuclear holocaust has been keeping Americans and Europeans tense. पारमानबिक जोबस्रांनाय मोनसेनि गिनाया आमेरिकायारि आरो इउरपारिफोरखौ जिंगायाव लाखिबोदों। The collection of a nuclear arsenal enough to finish the world a hundred times is adding to people's anxiety and their tension. पारमानबिक आर्सेनाल मोनसेनि बुथुमथिया बुहुमखौ फोजोबनायनि थाखाय थोजासे जौसे बार सुबुंनि दुखु आरो बिसोरनि जिंगायाव दाजाबदेरगासिनो दं। A nuclear war in Europe, it is estimated, will wipe out instantly some 150 million people. इउरपनि निउक्लियार दावहा मोनसेया, हरखाबनो प्राय 150 मिलियन सुबुंखौ बुथारगोन बेयो अनुमान-खालामजादोंमोन। Half the survivors would have permanent injuries. थांनाथानायनि खावसेयानो अरायथा जखम जागोन। A nuclear physicist, Mr. Joseph Hotblat, told a conference of world doctors and medical scientists from 30 countries, in Cambridge, that a nuclear holocaust will so contaminate the atmosphere that it will be totally dark even during the day. सासे पारमानबिक फाहामगिरि मुश्री जसेफ हतबाल्तआ केमब्रिजआव 30 हादरफोरनि बुहुम डाक्टार आरो मेदिकेल गोनोखोगिरिफोरनि जथुममायाव बुंदोंमोन दि मोनसे पामानबिक फोजोबस्रांनाया आबहावाखौ ओरैबादि गुबुंले खालामगोन दि बेयो अदेबानि बेयो सानावनो खोमसि जागोन। Survivors would die of starvation as farming would prove impossible. आबाद-मावनाया जाथावि फोरमान-जानाय हिसाबै थांनाथानायफोरा रसा नांनायाव थैगोन। Love and compassion of your wife, your children, your relatives, your friends are important in that they can fill you up and relieve you from tension. नोंनि हिनजाव, नोंनि खुदिया, नोंनि सोमोन्दोआरिफोर, नोंनि लोगोफोरनि अननाय आरो ननाय-दिन्थिनायफोरा गोनां जेराव बिसोर नोंखौ गोजौ सानहोनो आरो जिंगानिफ्राय उदां खालामनो हायो। In a study it was found that women who shared an intimate relationship with her lover or husband were 90 percent less likely to become depressed than women who had no such relationship to turn to. खनसे फरायनायाव बेखौ मोननाय जादोंमोन दि आयजो जाय बिनि अनजालुजों एबा फिसायजों आंगो सोमोन्दो रानलायो आयजो जायहा बुंनो बेबादि सोमोन्दो गैया बिसोरनिख्रै गोसो-बायग्लिनाय जाथावना 90 जौखोन्दो खम। Workers sent out of their jobs are less likely to become depressed or ill if they had supportive marital relationship. मावग्राफोरा बिसोरनि खामानिनिफ्राय थिनहरजानायफोरा बिसोरहा हेफाजाबारि हाबायारि सोमोन्दो दङमोनब्ला जाथावना गोसोबायनाय एबा बेरामा खम। A proper relationship based on love and friendship can be a great outlet for easing pent-up feelings. अननाय आरो लोगोथिनि सायाव बिथा-खालामनाय मोनसे थि सोमोन्दोआ लाथुमनाय साननायफोरखौ खमायनो थाखाय मोनसे मोजां खामानि जानो हागौ। Children who are fed with mother's milk grow in a much more psychologically stable environment than children fed with bottle milk. खुदियाफोरा जायफोरा बिमानि गायखेर जाहोजायो बथल गायखेर लोंहोजानाय खुदियाफोरनिख्रै बांसिन देहायारि गोहोगोरा थासारि मोमनसेयाव देरो। Most likely, this is due to the fact that apart from good quality milk, the love that a mother imparts to her child by holding it close to her breasts in an affectionate hug is something that makes all the difference. बांसिन जाथावनायै, बेयै गुबै जाथायनि थाखाय दि मोजां मानदान्दागोनां गायखेर फारसेनिफ्राय, अननाय जायखौ बिमाया बिनि आबुनि खाथियाव हमनानै अननायारि मोनसे गोबाख्रबनानै बिनि खुदियानो होनाया माबा मोनसे जाय गासैबो फारागखौ खालामो। The special position that the child's spine takes when held in the mother's lap helps it to grow in a normal way. जेब्ला बिमानि फेन्दायाव हमो खुदियानि सिनश्रिया लानाय जरखा फजनाय-महरा बिखौ सरासनस्रा राहायै देरनायाव हेफाजाब-खालामो। Auto-suggestion can help relieve tension. गावनो-गाव बोसोना जिंगा रेहाय-मोननायाव हेफाजाब-खालामनो हागौ। A strong suggestion, or faith, or belief, in oneself can help you come out of tension. सासेनाव मोनसे गोहोगोरा बोसोन, एबा फोथायनाया, एबा फोथायनाय नोंखौ जिंगानिफ्राय सिखांनो हेफाजाब-खालामनो हागौ। If you can strongly suggest to a person and build his confidence it will help him to come out of his problem. सासे मानसिनो नों गोहोगोरायै बोसोन होनो आरो बिनि फोथायथिखौ बानायनो हायोब्ला बेयो बिखौ बिनि जेंनानिफ्राय सिखांनो हेफाजाब-खालामगोन। A strong mind can overpower a weak mind and help it to relax and can give constructive help. मोनसे गोहोगोरा गोसोआ मोनसे लोरबां गोसोखौ बांद्रायगोहो आरो सुग्लायहोनो हेफाजाब खालामनो हायो आरो गायसनारि हेफाजाब होनो हायो। Psychotherapy and hypnotism are based on this principle. साइकथेरापि आरो हिपनुतिसमफोरा बे नेमनि सायाव बिथा-खालामनाय। Tabeej provided by faqirs, black threads offered by sadhus, metallic rings from tantrics and astrologers, are supposed to give help. फकिरफोरजों जगायजानाय ताबिजफोरा, साधुफोरजों होजानाय गोसोम खुन्दुंफोरा, तान्त्रिकफोर आरो ज्यतिषिफोरनिफ्राय धातुआरि आसथामफोरा हेफाजाब-खालामो होनना सानना-लानाय। Through suggestion the wearer feels secure and more confident that he can override misfortunes. बोसोननि गेजेरजों गानग्राया रैखाथिगोनां मोनदाङो आरो बांसिन फोथायथिया जादोंदि बियो गाज्रि-बरातखौ सामलायनो हायो। Once, a person asked Gandhi how to get rid of tension. खेबसे सासे सुबुङा माबोरै जिंगानिफ्राय रेहायगमोननो हायो गान्धीखौ सोंदोंमोन। Gandhi suggested to him to recite Ram nam (God's name). गान्धीया बिखौ बोसोन राम नाम (इसोरनि मुं) आवरायनो बोसोन-होदोंमोन। Faith in God can help people to come out of their misery. इसोरनाव फोथायनाया सुबुंखौ बिसोरनि दुखुनिफ्राय सिखांनो हेफाजाब-खालामनो। If you can recite God's name with faith and confidence it will help you. फोथायनाय आरो फोथायथिजों नों इसोरनि मुं आवरायनो हायोब्ला बेयो नोंखौ हेफाजाब-खालामगोन। If you strongly feel that he will protect you, you will feel his hand of protection. नों जुदि गोहोगोरायै मोनदाङो दि बियो नोंखौ रैखा-खालामगोन, नों बिनि रैखाथिनि आखायखौ आखायखौ मोनदांगोन। Faith plays a major role. फोथायनाय मोनसे गाहाय बिफाव लायो। We work for a reward. बियो मोनसे बान्थानि थाखाय मावो। We help others with a hope to get help in our own needs. जोंनि गावनि गोनांथियाव हेफाजाब मोननो जों गुबुनखौ मोनसे आसाजों फेफाजाब-खालामो। When it is not coming we get frustrated. जेब्ला बेयो फैफिना जों हाथाय-जायो। The message of the Gita will greatly help people who indulge in meaningless competitions and frustration. गीतानि रादाबा सुबुंखौ जोबोरैनो हेफाजाब-खालामगोन जायफोरा ओंथिगैयै आरो हाथास-जानायाव गावखौ-लायहोयो। The therapeutic package for problems and anxiety is based on the principle of "Nishkam-karma" (work without expecting rewards). जेंनाफोर आरो उसुखुथुनि थाखाय थेरापिउतिक थफ्लाफोरा निस्काम-कर्मनि (बान्था आसाखालामालासे मावनाय-खामानि) नेमनि सायाव बिथा-खालामनाय। This has helped people to function effectively in an achievement oriented world where reward might not always be certain. मोनफुंनाय गोसो-होनाय बुहुमाव फिथायगोनाङै खामानिमावनो बेयो सुबुंखौ हेफाजाब-खालामबाय जेराव बान्थाया अरायबो रोखा नङाबो जानो हागौ। The system of concentration and meditation practiced by the yogis of India may well be the answer to complaints that the medical science has not been able to help. भारतनि जगिफोरजों गोसो-होथाबनाय आरो ध्यान-खालामजानाय सरनि बिखान्थिया अजद-होनो फिननाया मोजां जानो हागौ दि मेदिकेल गोनोखोआ हेफाजाब-खालामनो हाथावना नङा। A sensitive machine called biofeedback has been invented not long back to help people to learn relaxation. सुग्लायनाय सोलोंनायखौ हेफाजाब-होनो इसे गोबाव सिगां बायफिदबेक बुंनाय मोनसे थदगोनां मेसिन दिहुनजादोंमोन। It interprets and translates into a screen the state of relaxation of the body. देहानि सुग्लायनायनि अबस्थाखौ बेयो मोनसे फैसालियाव ओंथि-बेखेवो आरो राव-सोलायो। As we relax the sound waves becomes milder indicating that we are heading in the right direction. जों सुग्लायनाय बादि सोदोब दोहौआबो गुरै इसारा-होग्रा जायोदि जों थि दिगआव थांगासिनो दं। This helps us to become acquainted with the ways of relaxation. सुग्लायनायनि राहाफोरजों सिनायथि जाहोनो बेयो जोंखौ हेफाजाब-खालामो। Later when we have mastered the technique, we can discard the machine and carry on with the relaxation exercise. उनाव अदबाव जेब्ला जों गोरों जायो, जों मेसिनखौ गारनो आरो सुग्लायनाय ब्याम-खालामनायजों सालायलांबाय थानो हायो। British doctors in colonial India sent reports around that yoga masters would perform amazing feats like stopping heart beats, and walking on burning embers with no apparent injury. बृतिस दाक्टरफोरा फामुवारि भारताव सोरगिदिं खौरां हरदोंमोन दि जगा फोरोंगिरिफोरा बिखा मावनायखौ होबथानाय बादि, आरो जेबो जखम गैयालासे रोखा खामनाय खैलानि सायाव थाबायनानै साहसनि-खामानि मावफुंगोन। The reason was that the yogis had obtained extraordinary control over their bodies especially the autonomic nervous system which operates without conscious control. जाहोनामोन दि जगिफोरा बिसोरनि देहायाव सरासनस्रानङै सामलायनाय मोनदोंमोन जरखायै गावहारसिं स्नायु बिखान्थिखौ जाय सांग्रां दबथायनाय गैयालासे सामलायो। The heart beat lessens by an estimated 5 beats per minute. मोनफ्रोमबो मिनिटाव सानजानाय खनबा मावनायजों बिखा-मावनाया खमायो। Evidence has also been gathered that the blood pressure can be controlled by meditation. फोरमानबो जथुमजाबोदों दि थै नारसिनथायखौ ध्यानजों दबथायनो हायो। Though less clear-cut, it has a beneficial, direct physiological effect on the heart. खम रोखाब्लाबो, मैखुननि सायाव बेहा थोंजों गोसोआरि गोहोम मोनसे मुलाम्फागोनां दं। Meditation is most beneficial for those who are prone to coronary ailments. जायफोरा थै-रोदायारि खामानि-मावैनि सम्भब-दं बिसोरनि थाखाय ध्याना जोबोर मुलाम्फागोनां। We can learn the technique to relax the mind and the body whenever we desire. जेब्लानो जों लुबैयो गोसो आरो देहाखौ सुग्लायनो जों सोलोखौ सोलोंनो हायो। At moments of stress, we should lock ourselves in a quiet room for about half an hour; allow the mind and body to take control of the proceedings. जिंगानि बुब्लिफोराव जों गावखौनो निजोम खथा गंसेयाव घन्टा खावसेनि थाखाय बन्द-खालामना लालांगौ; फारियाव दबथायजानो गोसो आरो देहाखौ हगार। You come out of it quite relaxed. नों बेनिफ्राय आबुङै सुग्लायनाय जाना ओंखारो। Meditation is an effective weapon in our artillery. ध्याना जोंनि हाथियार-बुथुमथियाव मोनसे खामानि-होथाव हाथियार। We should use it whenever we are under great stress. जेब्लानो जों जोबोर जिगायाव थायो जों बेखौ बाहायनाया मोजां। Meditation can help in many ways, even to lessen the incidence of crime. ध्याना जोंखौ गोबां राहायै हेफाजाब-होनो हायो, अदेबानि दाय-मावनायनि जाथायखौबो खमायनो। It was experimented in a crime-ridden village of Bhusandpur in Puri district, Orissa. उरिष्यानि पुरि जिलायाव भुषनपुरनि दाय-सलिनाय गामियाव बेयो आनजाद-खालामजादोंमोन। To verify this claim made by Mr Prasanna Patsani, MLA, a group of newsmen from Bhubaneshwar descended to this Orissa's biggest village which is surrounded by undulating hills, overlooking the Chilka lake. एम एल ए मुश्री प्रसन्न पातसानिजों खालामजानाय बिख’नायखौ आनजाद-नायनो भुबनेस्वरनिफ्राय रादाबगिरिफोरनि मोनसे हानजाया उरिष्यानि बे गेदेरसिन गामियाव ओंखारफैदोंमोन जाय जौगा-हायगा हाजोफोर, चिलका बिलोखौ नुहरनायजों साग्लोबजानाय। Patsani, a bearded, saffron robed Naxal turned Congress (I) leader, took the press party to the two acre walled compound of the village temple where classes were being held. दारिगोनां गोमोरेजि-गाननाय पातसानिया कंग्रेस (आइ) दैदेनगिरियाव सोलायदोंमोन, गामि मन्दिरनि नै एकर इनजुर-दुमनाय नबथियाव प्रेस हानजाखौ लांदोंमोन जेराव थाखोफोरा खुंजादोंमोन। They were asked to do asanas followed by pranayama and dhyana (meditation) to the accompaniment of vedichymns taped in a cassette. बेदिस्यामनि मोनसे केसेताव तेप खालामजानायजों प्रानायाम आरो ध्यानखौ (ध्यान) उनसंनानै आसनफोरखौ खालामनो बिसोरखौ बुंनाय जादोंमोन। Mr Patsani admits they are paid Rs 50 each per month as compensation for their lost working hours since 90 percent of the villagers live by fishing on the Chilka. मुश्री पातासानिया सिमान-जायो बिसोरनि खामानि-मावनाय घन्टाफोरखौ गोमानायनि थाखाय बिसोर साफ्रोमनोबो मोनफ्रोम दानावनो 50 राङै खहा-सुफुंनाय होनाय-जादोंमोन चिलकायाव गामियारिफोरनि 90 जौखोन्दोआनो ना-फाननानै जिउ-खुङो। But that is not the only reason why they are enthusiastic. बिसोर मानो गोसोगुदुं नाथाय बैयो मोनसेल जाहोन नङा। They have found out the physical and mental benefits of the exercise in the open. उदाङाव ब्याम-खालामनायनि देहायारि आरो गोसोआरि मुलाम्फाखौ बिसोर नागिरना मोनबाय। Savasana (the corpse poses) is a powerful asana for relaxation which was extensively advocated by the late cardiologist Dr K .K. Datey. सबासना (गथै-सह फज-जायगा) मोनसे सुग्लायनायनि थाखाय मोनसे गोहोगोरा आसन जाय रुंसारि कारदिअलजिस्त दाक्टर के. के. दातेजों गोवारै बुंजादोंमोन। He firmly believed that relaxation played an important role in helping to cure heart diseases and lowering high blood pressure. बियो गोख्रोङै फोथायदोंमोन दि मैखुन बेरामफोरखौ फाहामनो आरो जौगा थै नारसिनथायखौ खमायबोनो सुग्लायनाया मोनसे गोनां बिफाव लायो। The simplest thing to do is to select a quiet place with clean air, free from insects and unpleasant smell. गोरलैसिन मावनांगौ खामानिया जादों एमफौ-एनलाफोर आरो गोजोनगैयै मोनामनायनिफ्राय गोथार बारजों निजोम जायगा दाबसे सायख। Spread a blanket or sheet on the ground or a wooden plank. कम्बल गांसे ब एबा हायाव फुवार एबा दंफाङारि प्लां गंसे। Remove the hoes, loosen the belt, remove glasses or have only light clothing. खनथाफोरखौ बोखार, बेल्टखौ फुरुंसि, ग्लासफोरखौ बोखार एबा गोबा जिल’ ला। When you lie on a hard surface, without a pillow, your spine is straight, almost touching the floor all through. गान्दु गैयालासे जेब्ला नों गोरा बिखुं मोनसेनि सायाव उन्दुयो, नोंनि सिनस्रिया थोंजों, प्राय गासैजोंबो मैजाखौ बिलिरनानै। This is the most relaxed position for the body. बेयो देहानि थाखाय बांसिन सुग्लायनाय फज-जायगा। If you feel that your spine is not touching the floor, bend both knees, see that it touches the floor, and stretch your legs apart. नों जुदि मोनदाङो दि नोंनि सिनस्रिया मैजाखौ बिलिराखै, मोननैबो हा न्थुखौ फदब, नाय दि बेयो मैजाखौ बिलिरो, आरो फारसे नोंनि आथिंफोरखौ फोलाव। Stretch out both your arms, resting them by your side, forming an angle of 15-20 degrees at the arm pit, feet slightly apart and let them fall outwards evenly, eyes gently closed. नोंनि मोननैबो आखान्थिखौ फोलाव, नोंनि थिंजाय बेफोरखौ जिरायहोनानै फाखनाखङाव 15-20 डिग्रिनि मोनसे खना महरहोनानै, आथिंखौ इसे फारसे आरो बेफोरखौ बायजोफारसे समानै गोगलैनो हो, मेगनखौ लासैयै मेसेब। When the whole body is relaxed, you feel it all gone, heavy and sinking to the floor. जेब्ला गासै देहायानो सुग्लायो, नों बेखौ थांबाय, गिलिर आरो मैजायाव गोलांनो मोनदांगोन। You feel as if you are partially paralysed and even if you try, you will not be able to lift your leg or arms. फारसेयै नों खुरिया-जादों बायदि मोनदाङो आरो अदेबानि नों नाजायोब्ला नों नोंनि आथिं आरो आखान्थिफोरखौ दैखांनो हानाय नङा। Stay in this bodily state as long as you can. नों जेसेबां गोबाव हायो बे देहायारि अबस्थायाव था। Pay much attention to your breath; let it flow smoothly and deeply. नोंनि हाङाव बांसिन गोसो हो; बेखौ गुरैयै आरो गोथौवै बोहैनो हो। Remain in this position for 10-15 minutes. बे फज-जायगायाव 10-15 मिनिटनि थाखाय थायो। You can picture some pleasant thoughts or you may make your mind feel vacant or empty; enjoy the state of light sleep. माखासे गोजोन साननायफोरखौ नों सावगारि-बानायनो आरो नों नोंनि गोसोखौ लांदां एबा खालि खालामनो हायो; रेजें साननायनि अबस्थाखौ रंजा। It is a state of deep rest and peace which brings us perfect health. बेयो गोथौ जिरायनाय आरो गोजोननि अबस्था जाय जोंनो थि सावस्रि लाबोयो। When you are ready to get up, say to yourself that you are completely relaxed. जेब्ला नों सिखारनो थियारि गावखौनो बुं दि नों आबुङै सुग्लायनाय। You are there ready to wake up. नों बैयाव सिखारनो थियारि। Bend your right knee and then the left knee, bend your right arm and then the left arm Open up your body, as it were, stretch the arms above head, stretch the legs and all of your body. नोंनि आगदा हान्थुखौ फदब आरो बेनि उनाव आगसि हान्थुखौ, नोंनि आगदा आखान्थिखौ फदब आरो बेनि उनाव आगसि आखान्थिखौ, बेयो खरनि सायाव फोलावनाथानायमोन बादि आथिंफोर आरो नोंनि गासै देहाखौनो फोवार। Sit down for a few moments and you are ready to start your next routine. माखासे मिनिटनि थाखाय जिराय आरो नों नोंनि उननि मावफारिखौ जागायनो थियारि। If you have difficulty in getting sleep, try the following method. नोंहा उन्दुनायाव गोब्राबथि दङब्ला, गाहायनि आदबफोरखौ उनसं। It is more important, that in the first place if your mind is calm, you can relax anywhere, even in your office, the aircraft, in the bus or train. बेयो बांसिन गोनां, गिबि जायगायाव नोंनि गोसोआ गोजोनब्ला नों जेरावबो सुग्लायनो हायो, अदेबानि नोंनि मावख, एयारक्राफ्त, बासआव एबा रेलआवबो। Make yourself comfortable whether sitting or reclining. जिरायनानै एबा सोनारनानै नों-गावखौनो आरोमगोनां खालाम। Raise your chin and then let it fall. नोंनि खौखाबखौ दैखां आरो बेखौ गोग्लैनो हो। Take a few deep breaths; see that your mind is calm and tranquil. खननैसो गोथौ हां ला; नाय दि नोंनि गोसोआ गोमजोर आरो गोजोन। Imagine that you are sitting on a rock or on a sea beach or even in a garden with a lot of flowers, try to picture any place or situation you have enjoyed the most. सानना-नाय दि नों अनथाय मोनसेनि सायाव एबा लैथो जिं सायाव एबा अदेबानि गोबां बिबारफोरजों बिबारबारि मोनसेयाव, नों बांसिन रंजानाय जायखिजाया जायगा एबा थासारिखौ सानना-लानो नाजा। See in your mind's eye the different colours of the flowers, watch their freshness, smell the soft smell flowing from them, feel the cool breeze flowing over your body. बिबारफोरनि गुबुन-गुबुन गाबफोरखौ नोंनि गोसो सिंनि मेगनाव नाय, बेफोरनि थाजिमथिखौ नाय, बेफोरनिफ्राय बिरखोना-थानाय गुरै मोदोमनायखौ मोनामसु, नोंनि देहा साजों बिरखोलांनाय सुदेम बारखौ मोनदां। Imagine a place you have visited in the past and which represent, to you an ideal spot for physical and mental relaxation. बारलांनाय-समाव नों नुजाहैनाय जायगा दाबसेखौ सानना-ला आरो देहायारि आरो गोसोआरि सुग्लायनायनि थाखाय जाय नोंनो मोनसे नेरसोनारि थिलि Children can also be tense and it affects their health. खुदियाफोरबो जिंगा जानो हागौ आरो बेयो बिसोरनि सावस्रिखौ खहा खालामो। Many children therefore suffer from peptic ulcers and heart diseases. बेनिखायनो गोबां खुदियाफोरानो पेप्तिक आलसार आरो मैखुन बेरामफोराव भुगियो। A report from Tokyo prints out those pressures to do well in school have led to a rapid rise in stomach ulcers among the elementary and middle school children. फरायसालियाव बैफोर नारसिननायफोरखौ मोजां खालामनो तकिअनिफ्राय मोनसे फोमायथि सेबखांना दिहुननाया गुदि आरो गेजेर फरायसालिनि गथ’फोरनि गेजेराव उदै आलसारफोराव मोनसे गोख्रै जौगानायाव लांबाय। Remember, the seeds of future heart attacks are laid in childhood. गोसोआव-लाखि इयुननि मैखुन गाग्लोबथिनि बेगराव खुदिया-बैसोआवनो एरसोना-दं। If you find that your child is not relaxed, if he is not able to sleep well due to tension, you may recommend to him a very simple exercise for relaxation. नोंनि खुदियाया सुग्लायनाय नङा होनना नों मिथिना- मोनोब्ला, बियो जिंगानि थाखाय मोजाङै उन्दुनो हाथावना नङाब्ला, नों बिखौ सुग्लायनायनि थाखाय मोनसे जोबोर गोरलै ब्याम बोसोन-होनो हायो। For instance let him lie down comfortably in bed. बिदिन्थि हिसाबै बिखौ आरामै एमाव गोलांनो हो। Switch the light off, close the door to cut down the noise, if necessary. सोरांखौ बन्द खालाम, गोनांथारब्ला दावरावखौ खमायनो दरजाखौ फां। Ask him to imagine that he has got holes in the soles of his feet. बिखौ सानना-लानो बुं दि बिनि आथिंनि आफा-थालायाव गुदुं जादों। Let him imagine breathing in and out through these holes. बेफोर गुदुंफोरनि गेजेरजों हां बोनानै आरो हगारनानै बिखौ सानना-लानो हो। Let him imagine that fresh cool air is entering from his sole and passing through his feet, thighs, waist and reaching the chest. बिखौ सानना-लानो हो दि बिनि आफा-थालानिफ्राय थाजिम गुसु बारा हाबगासिनो-दं आरो बिनि आथिं, फेन्दा, जान्जिनि गेजेरजों बारनानै बिखा सहैयो। In the same way while breathing out let him imagine that the air is passing down his waist, his thighs, feet and through the imaginary holes in his feet. एखे राहाजों जेब्ला हां हगारो बिखौ सानना-लानो हो दि बिनि जान्जि, फेन्दाफोर, आथिं आरो बिनि आथिंनि सानबोलावरियारि गुदुं गेजेरजों बारा गाहायथिं बारलांगासिनो दं। Let him do this exercise for 5-10 minutes. 5-10 मिनिटनि थाखाय बिखौ बे ब्यामखौ खालामनो हो। He will feel thoroughly relaxed with exercise and will sleep much better. बियो ब्यामजों आबुङै सुग्लायनाय मोनदांगोन आरो बांसिन मोजाङै उन्दुगोन। Relaxation can be achieved through a steam bath, sauna bath warm bath and the various cold water applications, which we have already mentioned in detail in the chapter on water treatment. खफ’ दुगैनाय, सउनु दुगैनाय, दुंब्रुद दुगैनाय आरो बायदिसिना दै गुसु बाहायनायजों सुग्लायनायखौ मोननो हायो, जायखौ जों अदेबानि दै फाहामनायनि आयदायाव बेखौ रोखायै मुंखबाय। Massage can also be very relaxing. खौरांआबो जोबोर सुग्लायनाय जानो हागौ। Any treatment which relaxes the muscles and the body physically will relax the mind also. जायखिजाया फाहामनाय जाय मोदोम-गेहेन आरो देहाखौ देहायारियै सुग्लायहोयो गोसोखौबो सुग्लायहोगोन। If we relax our muscles, this cycle of mind tension, tensing our muscles can be broken. जों जोंनि मोदोम-गेहेनखौ सुग्लायोब्ला, गोसो जिंगानि बे बेंखना, जोंनि मोदोम-गेहेनखौ गोरा-बोबदोंनानै बायख्रेबनोबो हागौ। When our muscles are relaxed our mind is also relaxed. जेब्ला जोंनि मोदोम-गेहेनफोरा सुग्लायो जोंनि गोसोआबो सुग्लायो। That massaging, when done with strong hands and with strong pressure will be more beneficial is not true. बै मालिसआ गोरा आखाय आरो गोरा नारसिननायजों खालामजायोब्ला बांसिन मुलाम्फागोनां जागोन बे थार नङा। For relaxation, the massage should be done with soft hands and it should be soothing and pleasant. सुग्लायनायनि थाखाय, मालिसआ गुरै आखायफोरजों खालामजानांगौ आरो बेयो आरामगोनां आरो गोजोन जानांगौ। It can be done with your hands if help is not available, it can be done by your life partner, a friend or a relation. हेफाजाब मोनथावना नङाब्ला, बेखौ नोंनि आखायजों खालामनो हायो, बेखौ नोंनि जिउ लोगो, लोगो सासे एबा सोमोन्दोआरि सासेजों खालामनो हायो। It is not the pressure but the awareness of your body which helps you to relax deeper. बेयो नारसिननाय नङा नाथाय नोंनि देहानि सांग्रांथिया जाय नोंखौ गोथौवै सुग्लायनो हेफाजाब-खालामो। It should be done systematically from the toes to the head. बेखौ आसिबिमानिफ्राय खर’सिम खानथिगोनाङै खालामनांगौ। It should be done with a certain rhythm and always from the periphery towards the heart. बेखौ मोनसे थि खबामजों आरो अरायबो बायजोनिफ्राय मैखुन फारसे खालामनांगौ। A doctor recently has been experimenting on this same principle and helping patients of tension headaches and peptic ulcers by asking them to concentrate on their hands and feel them getting warmer. दाक्टार सासेया बावैसो बे नेमनि सायाव आनजाद नायगासिनो-दंमोन आरो जिंगा खर’-सानाय आरो पेपटिक आलसारनि जब्राफोरखौ बिसोरनि आखायफोराव गोसो-होनो आरो बेफोरखौ दुंब्रुदसिन मोननाय मोनदांनो बुंनानै हेफाजाब-खालामगासिनो दंमोन। This technique takes time to be learnt. बे सोलोआ सोलोंनायाव सम लायो। This occurs as blood rushes to the palm, and as a result the head or the abdomen gets rid of the excessive blood. आखाय-थालायाव बेयो थै नारसिनथाय बादि जायो, आरो जाउनाव खर’ एबा अहेबा बाराथार थैनिफ्राय रैखा मोनो। They are generally sensitive to such irritants as dust pollens and fumes, but a lot of their trouble stems from nervous tension. हाद्रि हायना-गुन्द्रा आरो उखुन्दै बादि बेबादि मानखांहोनायफोरजों बिसोर सरसनस्रायै सांग्रां, नाथाय बिसोरनि गोबां दुखुनि जाहोनआ स्नायुआरि जिंगानिफ्राय। An asthmatic patient is treated in a soundproof room and wired to a Biofeedback machine. हांनालायारि जब्राखौ सोदोब-होबथाग्रा खथा मोनसेयाव फाहामनाय-जायो आरो बायफिदबेक मेचिन मोनसेजों तार-फोनांजाबनाय जायो। If he is relaxed, he only hears a slow clicking. बियो सुग्लायनायब्ला, बियो लासै क्रेक खनसेल’ खोनायो। He is then asked to visualize dust, flowers or whatever that possibly causes asthmatic attacks. बेनि-उनाव हाद्रि, बिबारफोर एबा जायखिजाया जाय जाथावना नां-नोलियारि गाग्लोबथिनि जाहोनफोरखौ नायनो बिखौ बुंनाय जायो। Usually he grows tense at the very thought of these items. सरासनस्रायै बियो जिंगा जायो बेफोर आयजेंनि जोबोर साननायाव। The patient is aware that he is on the verge of a full scale attack. जब्राया सांग्रां दि बियो आबुं जखा गाग्लोबथिनि खाथि-थाराव। When he learns that tension is his enemy, he can learn to control it by listening to the clicks and by trying to slow them down. जेब्ला बियो सोलोङो दि जिंगाया बिनि सुथुर, बियो क्रेकखौ खोनासंनानै आरो बेफोरखौ लासै खमायबोनानै बेखौ दबथायनो बियो सोलोंनो हायो। Biofeedback helps to master the technique of self-relaxation. बायफिदबेकआ गाव-सुग्लायनायनि सोलोखौ गोरों-जानो हेफाजाब-खालामो। Later the patient can dispense with the machine altogether. उनाव जब्राया मेचिनजों लोगोसेनो नागारनो हायो। By then he would have learnt to relax and by his own efforts be able to lead a fuller and happier life. बै समाव बियो सुग्लायनो आरो बिनि गावनि नाजानायजों मोनसे आबुं आरो खुसिसिन जिउ दैदेननो सोलोंगौमोन। Women who work and live together with men folk get their menstrual cycle synchronized. आयजोआ जाय हौवा हारिजों लोगोसे खामानि-मावो आरो जिउ-खुङो बिसोरनि मासि-जानाय बेंखनथिया एखेसमाव-जानायखौ मोनो। An architect friend stresses the fact that design and even the colour of the home have an effect on the mind. लुथाय-आरिमुगिरि लोगो सासेआ जाथायखौ नारसिनो दि साजाय-महर आरो अदेबानि न’नि गाबआ गोसोआव मोनसे गोहोम दं। Houses can be designed in a way that the resident feels mentally peaceful. न’फोरखौ मोनसे राहायै साजाय-महर होनो हायो दि थागिरिआ गोसोआरियै गोजोनगोनां मोनदाङो। There is also a theory that haunted houses are nothing but badly designed houses which have a horrible, ghastly effect on the mind. मोनसे बुंफुरलुबो दङ दि गोसोआव-गोलैबायथानाय न’फोरा जेबो-नङा नाथाय गाज्रियै साजाय-महरहोनाय न’फोरा जायहा गोसोआव मोनसे गिख्रंथाव, गिलुबालु गोहोम दं। According to a study, Children growing up in flats in skyscrapers have more mental problems. मोनसे नायबिजिरनायनि बादिब्ला,थालागोनां-गोजौबिल्दिंआव मोनसे फ्लेतआव देरबोनाय खुदियाफोरा बांसिन गोसोआरि जेंनाफोर दङ। Playing and running on the ground, living nearer to the earth as it were has a beneficial psychological effect. दुब्लियाव गेलेनाय आरो खारनाय, बेहा मोनसे मुलाम्फायारि गोसोआरि गोहोम दङमोन बादि बुहुमनि खाथिथाराव जिउ-खुंनाय। Live in a bungalow if you can afford it, but a hut will be equally relaxing. नों खरसाखालामनो-हायोब्ला बांल मोनसेयाव जिउ-खुं, नाथाय देरा गंसेयाबो एखेयैनो सुग्लायनाय जागोन। Let your children be in constant contact with mother earth. बुहुम बिमाजों नोंनि खुदियाफोरखौ दिदोम सोमोन्दो जानो हो। People living in a combined family seem to be emotionally more stable. जथाय नखराव जिउ-खुंनाय सुबुङा आबेगारियै बांसिन दिदोम होनना सानजायो। Children growing in their grandparents laps get mutual affection and time. बिबै-बिबौनि अननायाव देरबोनाय खुदियाफोरा गावजों-गाव ननाय आरो सम मोनो। Thus the individuals get more support in moments of emotional crisis. बेबादिनो सुबुङा आबेगारि आंखालनि बुब्लिफोराव बांसिन हेफाजाब मोनो। Because of the last war, the British have suffered a lot in terms of parental love and family life. जालांनाय दावहानि थाखाय बृतिसफोरा बिफायारि अननाय आरो नखरारि जिउनि अननायनि बेलायाव गोबां सहायनांबाय। The result of this poll came as a massive backlash to the type of permissive society seemed to have evolved with marriage considered outdated. बे बिसायखथिनि फिथायआ बाराद्राय हेंथायारि-नङै रोखोमनि समाजनिसिम मोनसे गेदेर फिनजाथाय हिसाबै फैदोंमोन, सोलियै होनना गनायजानाय हाबाजों जौगादोंमोन होनना सानजादोंमोन। Free love and taking drugs were fashionable. बेसेन-नाङै अननाय आरो मुलिफोर लानाया फेसनेबलमोन। The Britons, today, are against a world of permissiveness, or single parent families and quick divorces. ब्रितेइनआरिफोरा दिनै बाराद्राय बुहुम मोनसेनि, एबा सासेल’ बिमा एबा बिफा आरो थाब फाथैलाय-बिसिलायनायनि हेंथायै। The traditional family has won a massive vote of confidence with special emphasis on the need for children to be brought up by both parents. बिमा-बिफा सानैजोंबो फेदेरजानो थाखाय गोनांथि जानायनि सायाव जरखा जर-होनायजों फोथायथिनि गोबां भट दोरोङारि नखरा देरहाबाय। This poll was conducted among 1500 adults aged 15 plus. 15 सानि 1500 बैसोगोराफोरनि गेजेराव बे बिसायखथिखौ खुंनाय जादोंमोन। In India, we are better off. भारताव जों बांसिन खाफालगोनां। The combined Family is still a tradition with us and permissiveness a few steps away. जथाय नखरा दासिमबो जोंजों मोनसे दोरों आरो मोननैसो आगान गोजानाव उदांस्रि होनाय। How long we will be safe is yet to be ascertained as foreign habits, ways, customs and the style of living are flowing faster into this side of the world. जों बेसेबां गोबाव रैखागोनां बेयो दासिमबो गुबुन-हादोरारि सर’, राहा, आसार-खान्थि हिसाबै थि-खालामनोगोनां आरो थांना-थानायनि आदबफोरा बुहुमनि बे थिंजायाव गेख्रैसिन बोहैबोगासिनो दं। Meditation techniques vary but essentially they are all the same because their final objective is to help to develop and exploit inner awareness. ध्याननि सोलोफोरा गुबुन-गुबुन नाथाय गोनांथारै बैफोर गासैबो एखे मानोना बिसोरनि जोबथा थांखिया सिंआरि सांग्रांथिखौ जौगाहोनो आरो खामानियाव-बाहायनो हेफाजाब-खालामनो। In a way, through meditation, you become more aware of your body and the outside world. मोनसे राहायै, ध्याननि गेजेरजों, नों नोंनि देहानि आरो बायजो मुलुगनि बांसिन सांग्रां जायो। You are able to think better in whatever type of work you do. नों जायखिजाया रोखोमनि खामानिखौनो मावा मानो नों मोजांसिन साननो हाथावना। You become more efficient, your body healthier. नों बांसिन आखाफाखा जायो आरो नोंनि मोदोमा सावस्रिसिन। Meditation should be done in a calm, comfortable environment. ध्यानखौ निजोम, आरामगोनां थासारियाव खालामनांगौ। Focus your mind on mantras or breathe. मन्त्र एबा हांलानाय-हगारनायाव नोंनि गोसोखौ हो। Transcendental meditation is helped by a mantra, a word or sound or command from your instructor. गियान-मोनदांसहायै ध्याना मोनसे मन्त्र, एबा रिंसार एबा नोंनि फोरोंग्रानि मोनसे बिथोनजों हेफाजाब-खालामजायो। The technique is simple, faster to learn and gives coolness to mind and gets you into a state of deep relaxation. सोलोआ गोरलै, सोलोंनो थाखाय गोख्रैसिन आरो गोसोखौ गुसुथि होयो आरो मोनसे गोथौ सुग्लायनायनि अबस्थायाव नोंखौ लाङो। Vippassana meditation does not take the help of any mantra. बिप्पास्साना ध्याना जेबो मन्त्रनि हेफाजाब लाया। It takes the help of breath. बेयो हांनि हेफाजाब लायो। This is supposed to be the oldest form and was used by Lord Buddha to attain Nirvana. बेखौ गोजामसिन महर आरो इसोर बुद्धआ निर्बान मोननो थाखाय बाहायदोंमोन होनना साननाय जायो। It is more valuable in curing diseases, apart from giving physical and mental relaxation. देहायारि आरो गोसोआरि सुग्लायनाय होनाय फारसेनिफ्राय बेयो बेराम फाहामनायाव बांसिन बेसेनगोनां। It cleanses the body like fasting or dieting. उपबास एबा बासिनानै-जानाय बादि बेयो देहाखौ साफा खालामो। In his book "Your Healthy Heart" he recommends meditation to heart patients. “ नोंनि सावस्रिगोनां मैखुन ” बिनि बिजाबाव बियो मैखुन जब्रानि थाखाय ध्याननि बोसोन होदोंमोन। He furthers says that, during meditation, the cardiac output decreases by 25 percent as in sleep. बेनि-अनगा बियो बुङो दि ध्याननि समाव थै दिहुनहरनाया उन्दुनायाव बादि 25 जौखोन्दो खमायो। Most people who mind what they eat and do regular exercises, still have an urge to go 'off the wagon', and feast on a candy or a cake. बांसिन सुबुङा बिसोर जा जायो आरो नेमबादियै ब्याम खालामो जाय गोसो होयो दासिमबो मोनसे खावलायनाय थांनो दं ‘ साखाखौ बन्द खालाम ’, आरो केन्दि मोनसे एबा फिथा मोनसेनि सायाव खाजा। Everyone needs fun food, occasionally. साफ्रोमनोबो सम-समै रंजानाय खाजा नांगौ। A diet should be such that it could be followed for the rest of one's life. बासिना-जानाया बेबादि जानांगौ दि गुबुन सासेनि जिउनि थाखायबो बेखौ उनसंनो हायो। If a balance is maintained between eating nutritious food, exercising, and a fun food when the urge is great, you will be on the right track. समानथाय मोनसेखौ पुष्टिगोनां खाजा, ब्याम-खालामनाय, आरो रंजानाय खाजा मोनसे जानायनि गेजेराव सामलायोब्ला, नारसिननाया जेब्ला जोबोर-मोजां, नों थि लामायाव थागोन। These claims are the greatest frauds perpetrated on unwary people. बेफोर दाबि-खालामनायफोरा सांग्रांनङै सुबुंनि सायाव गेदेरसिन थगायनाय। They go to the extent of calling dieting and exercising gimmicks. बासिना-जानाय आरो ब्याम-खालामनाय आंखाल बुंनाय अरथायसिम बिसोर थाङो। Body wraps have no effect on the body fat. देहा मेरायनाया देहा मेजेमनि सायाव जेबो गोहोम गैया। They will not dissolve it. बिसोर बेखौ फोजोबनाय नङा। Although they will cause profuse perspiration, the weight loss effect is temporary says the Food and Drug Administration of the United States. जथाय हादरनि खाजा आरो मुलि सामलायनाया बुङो, बेफोर थोजासे गोलोमदै जागोनब्लाबो, लिरथाय गोमानाय गोहोमा दान्दिजोर। FDA further says that a rapid and excessive fluid loss caused by these wraps can be dangerous. एफ दि एआ बेनि-अनगा बुङो दि बेफोर मेरायनायनि थाखाय मोनसे गोख्रै आरो बाराथार लाव-लाव खहा-जानाया खैफोदगोनां जानो हागौ। Making a quick buck at the cost of health can be a dangerous business. सावस्रिनि खरसाव हरखाब नाजानाया मोनसे खैफोदगोनां खामानि जानो हागौ। The appetite suppressants (Amphetamines) have hardly any value in the treatment. उखैनाय दबथायग्राफोरा (एमफितामिनफोर) माब्लाबासो फाहामनायाव बेसेन दं। They may have an effect only during the period they are used. बेफोर बाहायजानायनि समावल’ बेफोरना मोनसे गोहोम थानो हागौ। They do have side effects. बेफोरना गाज्रि-फिनजाथायफोर दं। Obesity is a lifelong problem so these drugs are hardly of any value. बांद्राय-मेजेमा मोनसे जिउ-जोरथि जेंना बेनिखायनो बेफोर मुलिफोरा माब्लाबासो माबा बेसेननि। The Thyroid hormones are used to increase the oxygen consumption of the body. गिला हरमनफोरा देहानि अक्सिजेन बाहायनायखौ बांहोनो बाहायजायो। The weight loss is mainly due to loss of lean mass rather than the fat tissue. लिरथाय खमायनाया गाहायै मेजेम रोदा-बेजेनिख्रै बांसिन हामख्रें मोदोम-सम्फद गोमानायनि थाखायसो। Cosmetic surgery like liposuction, where fat is literally sucked out, or through excision can have a surgical risk. लिपसाकसान बादि कसमेतिक सारजारि जेराव मेजेमखौ ओंथियारियै बोखारनाय जायो, एबा हासना-गारनायनि गेजेरजों मोनसे सारजारियारि खैफोद थानो हागौ। The effect again is not permanent. गोहोमा आरोबाव अरायथा नङा। In course of time the remaining fat cells divide and again form the fat mass. समनि बोहैनायाव थालांनाय मेजेम जिबख्रिफोरा बोखावो आरो फिनै मेजेम दोमोलखौ महर-होयो। We must take a lifelong treatment, making exercise a habit and avoiding fat and sugar as far as one can dispense with them. जों जिउ-जोरथि फाहामनाय मोनसे लाथारनांगौ, ब्याम खालामनाय मोनसे सर’ आरो जेसे हागौ इसे मेजेम आरो चिनि नेवसिनाय सासेया बेफोरखौ बोखारनो हायो। Start with an all fruit diet for 5,7or 10 days. 5,7 एबा 10 साननि थाखाय मोनसे गासैबो फिथाय बासिना-जानायजों जागाय। Do it according to your capacity and see how you feel. नोंनि ला-गोहो हिसाबै बेखौ माव आरो नाय नों माबादि मोनदाङो। Take one fruit at a time about 250gms at a time and 3-4 times a day. मोनसे समाव थायसे फिथाय जा मोनसे समाव प्राय 250 ग्राम आरो सानसेयाव 3-4 खेब। You can start with a complete fast for 5-6 days and then go on a fruit diet. 5-6 साननि थाखाय नों मोनसे आबुं उपबासजों जागायनो हायो आरो बेनि उनाव फिथाय बासिना-जानायखौ जागाय। Fasting will be more suitable when you are in a health farm. नों सावस्रि फामु मोनसेयाव दङ जेब्ला उपबासा बांसिन आरजाथाव जागोन। Take a plain warm water enema when you feel constipated. जेब्ला नों खिगोरा-जानाय मोनदाङो लगायदेरै दुंब्रुद दैनि एनेमा मोनसे ला। Boiled green vegetables for lunch and dinner for one or two days then add some salad and one chapatti made out of whole wheat flour for lunch and dinner then make it two or three depending upon appetite. सानसे एबा साननैनि थाखाय सोनजौफु-खाजा आरो गुबै-खाजानि थाखाय रुनाय गोथां मैगंफोर आरो बेनि-उनाव सानजौफु-खाजा आरो गुबै-खाजानि थाखाय सालाद एसे आरो आटानिफ्रायल’ बानायनाय मोनसे सापात्ति दाजाबदेर बेनि-उनाव उखैनायनि सायाव बिथा खालामना बेखौ मोननै एबा मोनथाम बानाय। Add half litre of milk for breakfast along with fruits, some curd or butter milk for lunch and dinner and fruits in the afternoon. फुं-खाजानि थाखाय फिथायजों लोगोसे खावसे लिटार गायखेर दाजाबदेर, सानजौफु-खाजा आरो गुबै-खाजानि थाखाय इसे गायखेर-दाखा एबा माखन गायखेर आरो बेलासियाव फिथायफोर। Be liberal with fruits, whenever you feel like eating, take a fruit of your choice, but avoid bananas. फिथायफोरजों गोसो-गोवार जा, जेब्लानो नों जानायखौ मोनदाङो, नोंनि फसायनायनि फिथाय थायसे ला, नाथाय थालिरखौ नेवसि। If milk and curd do not agree with your constitution, if you want a change, take moog and gram sprouts for breakfast or in the salad. गायखेर आरो गायखेर-दाखाया नोंनि सोलेरजों राजि जायाब्ला, नों मोनसे सोलायनाय नागिरोब्ला फुं-खाजानि थाखाय एबा सालादाव मुग आरो बुट खिलिनाय ला। Milk and pulses are a good source of protein. गायखेर आरो सबायफोरा प्रटिननि मोनसे मोजां फुंखा। Take some dal (pulses), if you like. नों मोजां मोनब्ला इसे दालि (सबाय) ला। Avoid too much salt. बाराद्राय संख्रिखौ नेवसि। Salt retains water in the body. संख्रिया देहायाव दै हमथाना-लाखियो। Do not use extra salt in vegetables and take curd and salad without salt. मैगंफोराव उफ्रा संख्रि बाहायनाङा आरो संख्रि गैयालासे गायखेर-दाखा आरो सालादखौ जा। Do not take pickles and papad, they contain too much salt. आसार आरो पापड़ जानाङा बेफोरो जोबोर बांसिन संख्रि हमफाना-लाखियो। Use minimum oil, butter and ghee. थाव, माखन आरो घी खमसिन बाहाय। Half a teaspoon of oil should be enough to cook vegetables. मैगंफोर संनो थाखाय साहा-सामुस खावसे थावआनो Do not take fried foods. एवनाय खाजा जानाङा। Take toasts dry or put very little butter on it. हांनाय गोरानखौ जा एबा बेयाव जोबोर खम माखन लगाय। Prefer whole wheat bread. गेहुनिल ब्रेदखौ सायख। Avoid all white flour products, oils and sugar, they are high-calorie sources. गासैबो गुफुर गुन्दै दिहुनथायफोर, थाव आरो चिनिखौ गार, बेफोर बाराद्राय केलरिनि फुंखाफोर। Half kg of butter contains 3615 calories and half kg. of sugar, 1820 calories. खावसे केजि माखनाव 3615 केलरि आरो खावसे किलग्राम चिनियाव 1820 केलरि थाफायो। Avoid all sweets, chocolates, cakes, pastries, cream, and ice creams. गासैबो गोदैफोर, सकलेतफोर, फिथाफोर, पेस्त्रिसफोर, क्रिम आरो आइस क्रिमफोरखौ गार। Once in about 15 days you may have a sweet dish of your choice. प्राय 15 सानाव खनसे नोंनि फसायनायनि गोदै खाजा आदब नों जानो हायो। Take low calorie and high fibre food. खम केलरि आरो जौगा बेजे खाजा जा। Half kg of cucumber has 70 calories only. खावसे केजि थायबेंआव 70 केलरिल’ दङ। Half kg of tomato has 105 calories and half kg apples, 320 calories. खावसे केजि फानथाव-बिलाथियाव 105 केलरि आरो खावसे केजि आपेलाव 320 केलरि दङ । You may take non-vegetarian food in small quantities. नों खम बिबाङाव आमिस खाजा जानो हायो। Prefer boiled food, stewed or cooked in minimum oil. रुनाय खाजा, खमबिदुङाव-संनाय एबा खमसिन थावआव संनायखौ फसाय। Avoid fatty meat or fatty fish. मेजेमगोनां बेदर एबा मेजेमगोनां नाखौ नेवसि। Have a good portion of boiled vegetable and salad with non-vegetarian food. आमिस खाजाजों रुनाय मैगं आरो सालादनि मोनसे मोजां बाहागो जा। Non-vegetarian food is non-fibre food so be careful. आमिस खाजाया बेजेगोयै खाजा बेनिखायनो सांग्रां-जा। Eat more fibre diet along with it like boiled vegetables, salads and fruits. रुनाय मैगंफोर, सालाद आरो फिथायफोर बादिजों बांसिन बेजे सायख-खाजा जा। Alcohol has a lot of calories, avoid it. फेग्रा-मुवायाव गोबां केलरि दं, बेखौ नेवसि। Avoid all aerated drinks. गासैबो गेस-सुनाय लोंनायफोरखौ नेवसि। Excessive tea or coffee is to be avoided. बाराथार साहा एबा कफिखौ नेवसिनांगौ। Do not smoke or chew tobacco, it will decrease your stamina to do exercise and walk. सोबनाङा एबा थांखु सावसुब नाङा बेयो ब्याम-खालामनो आरो थाबायनो नोंनि गोहोखौ खमायगोन। The obese feel hungry. बाराद्राय-मोदोमगोनाङा उखैनाय मोनदाङो। They should eat citreous foods like oranges or sweet limes or grape fruit before lunch and dinner. सानजौफु-खाजा एबा गुबा-खाजानि सिगां नारेंखमलाफोर एबा गोदै नारेंफिथाय एबा आंगुर फिथायफोरबादि सितरेयास खाजाफोरखौ बिसोर जानांगौ। It will reduce the craving for food. बेयो खाजानि थाखाय लुबैनायखौ खमायगोन। Do not gulp down a big lunch or dinner. गेदेर सनजौफु-खाजा एबा गुबै-खाजा मोनसेखौ ग्लब-ग्लब मननाङा। Eat more often, in small quantities, it will keep the craving for food in check and prevent fat deposits. बांसिन समावनो खम बिबाङाव जा, बेयो खाजानि थाखाय लुबैनायखौ दबथायनायाव लाखियो आरो मेजेम जमा-जानायखौ हेंथा-होयो। Take fruit juices, skimmed milk, butter milk, barley water, they carry fewer calories. फिथाय बिदै, गेदा-जाखांनाय गायखेर, माखन गायखेर, जबमाय दै लों बेफोर खमसिन केलरि होयो You need not avoid rice or potato. नों ओंखाम आरो आलु गारनायनि गोनांथि गैया। You can have them every day if you want to, but boiled. नों नागिरोब्ला बेफोरखौ सानफ्रोमबो जानो हायो, नाथाय रुनायखौ। Roasting vegetables in the oven is better. अरदाबाव हांनाय मैगंआ मोजांसिन। Vegetables are tastier with the peel on. बिगुर गोनांजों मैगंआ गोथावसिन। After roasting, the peel can be removed. हांनायनि उनाव बिगुरखौ बोखारनो हायो। Mash them and put a little salt to taste good. बेफोरखौ सिफ्ले आरो मोजां थावनो इसे संख्रि हो। For roasting you may prefer potatoes, brinjal, tomatoes, parwal, ladies fingers or even tinda. हांनायनि थाखाय आलुफोर, फानथाव, फानथाव-बिलाथिफोर, पारवाल, भिन्दि एबा अदेबानि तिन्दाखौ सायखनो हायो। The salad may be prepared in many ways using cucumber, cabbage, tomato, carrots, radish, onions, beet root, spinach, simla mirch etc. थायबें, बानदा-कबि, फानथाव-बिलाथि, गाजर, मुला, सामब्राम, बीत रुत, स्पिनास, सिमला फानलौ बायदि बाहायनानै गोबां राहाजों सालादखौ बानायनो हायो। You may prefer one big salad meal like the ones now being served in restaurants in a hundred ways. जौ-जौ राहाजों रेस्तुरेन्तआव सासेनया मावमिनहोजानायबादि नों मोनसे गेदेर सालाद आदार सायखनो हायो। Walking is the best exercise. थाबायनाया साबसिन ब्याम। Walk every morning till you feel tired. नों मेंनाय मोनदांनायसिम सानफ्रोमबो फुङाव थाबाय। You can cover almost 6 kms in one hour. नों हायोब्ला घन्टा सेआव प्राय 6 कि.मि बें। If you are young and strong do jogging. नों सेंग्रा आरो गोहोगोराब्ला ब्याम खालाम। Swimming is excellent. सानस्रिनाया साबसिन। Play a vigorous game like badminton, squash or tennis. बेडमिन्टन, स्कुवास एबा टेनिसबादि मोनसे बोलोगोनां खेल गेले। It is easier to play than walk or exercise. थाबायनाय आरो ब्यामनिख्रै बेयो गेलेनो गोरलैसिन। When you lose weight and lose it fast, the skin becomes loose. जेब्ला नों लिरथाय गोमायो, बेखौ गोख्रैयै गोमायो, बिगुरा गुरै जायो। This will help the skin to get tightened once again. बिगुरा फिन खनसे गोरा जानायाव बियो हेफाजाब-खालामो। It will be livelier. बियो जिउखांनासिन जागोन। Cold baths help reduce weight faster than hot baths. गुसु दुगैनाया गुदुं दुगैनायनिख्रै लिरथायखौ गोख्रैसिन खमायनायाव हेफाजाब-खालामो। Take a whole body pack twice a week. सफथा खनसेयाव खननै गासै मोदोमावनो लिरथाय ला। Mud bath is to be tried. हाब्रु दुगैनायखौ खालामना-नायनांगौ। Rub mud over the body and sit in the sun. देहायाव हाब्रु फोनना ला आरो साननि सिङाव जिराय। When it gets completely dry take a cold shower. जेब्ला बेयो आबुङै रानो खनसे गुसु दुगैनाय ला। Take a sauna or steam bath once or twice a week. सफथा खनसेयाव खनसे एबा खननै साउना एबा खफ’ दुगैनाय ला। It will help to perspire vigorously. बेयो गोलोमदै-ओंखारनो गोहोगोनाङै हेफाजाब-खालामगोन। Do not try to reduce your weight fast. नोंनि लिरथायखौ गोख्रै खमायनो नाजानाङा। You may feel weak, giddy or may develop chest pain. नों लोरबां, खर’-गिदिंनाय मोनदांनो हागौ एबा बिखा सानाया बांनो हागौ। In the first two weeks you are likely to see weight reduced quite fast, may be 2-3 kgs weekly. गिबि मोननै सफथायाव नों गोख्रै लिरथाय खमायनाय नुनो-हागौ, जानो हागौ सेर 2-3 सफथायाव। Later it will come down to about 1-2 kgs a week. उनाव बेयो सफथायाव प्राय सेर 1-2 सिम खमाव फैगोन। If you want to reduce faster, the health farm will be a safer place. नों थाबसिन खमायनो नागिरोब्ला, सावस्रि फामुवा रैखागोनां जायगा जागोन। Since you have more body mass, you need more oxygen. नोंहा बांसिन मोदोम दामोल थानाय हिसाबै नोंनो बांसिन अक्सिजेन नांगौ। Do Pranayama, it will help to relax, ventilate your lungs and help vital organs to function better. प्रानायाम खालाम, बेयो सुग्लायनो हेफाजाब-खालामगोन, नोंनि संफ्लखौ बार-थांहो आरो जिउरैखा-खालामग्रा अंगफोरखौ मोजांसिन खामानि-मावनो हेफाजाब-खालाम। Find out the best relaxation technique for your needs. नोंनि गोनांथिनि थाखाय साबसिन सुग्लायनाय सोलोखौ नागिरना-दिहुन। Do meditation: it lessens tension and reduces the craving for food. ध्यान खालाम: बेयो जिंगा खमायो आरो खाजानि थाखाय लुबैनायखौ खमायो। They are secreted in the liver in a larger quantity. बेफोरो बिखायाव मोनसे गेदेर बिबाङाव सिगारनाय। They are responsible for high blood pressure among the fat people. मोदोमगोनां सुबंफोरनि गेजेराव बेफोरो जौगा थै नारसिननायनि थाखाय दायगोनां। Generally people who are fat consume more food and along with it more salt. सरासनस्रायै सुबुङा जायफोरा मोदोमगोनां बांसिन खाजा जायो आरो बेखौ बांसिन संख्रिजों। Salt helps to retain water in the body, causing a rise in blood pressure. थै नारसिननायनि मोनसे जाहोन जानानै संख्रिया देहायाव दै लाखिनायाव हेफाजाब-खालामो। Generally these people consume up to 12gms of salt. सरासनस्रै बेफोर सुबुङा 12 ग्रामसिम संख्रि जायो। It is better we take 3-5gms of salt per day. सानफायाव जों 3-5 ग्राम संख्रि जानाया मोजांसिन। Most of the obese also get diabetes. बाराद्राय-मोदोमगोनाङाबो दायेबेतिस जायो। 80% of all adult obese are diabetic in the US. गासैबो बैसोगोरा बाराद्राय-मोदोमगोनांनि 80 जौखोन्दोआनो जथाय हादराव दायेबिटिकगोनां। If you have been obese for a long time you have more chances of getting diabetes. नों गोबाव सम फारियै बाराद्राय-मोदोमगोनांब्ला नोंहा दायेबेटिस जानायनि बांसिन खाबु दं। They usually have less glucose tolerance. बिसोरहा सरासनस्रायै खम ग्लुकज सहायनाय दं। A small amount of sugar tends to raise their blood sugar level. चिनिनि मोनसे फिसा बिबाङा बिसोरनि थैनि चिनि थाखो बांहोनो थांहोयो। They become resistant to insulin. बेफोर इनसुलिननि थाखाय हेंथा जायो। Luckily, the process is reversible when the weight is reduced. जेब्ला लिरथाया खमायो खाफालगोनाङै फारिखान्थिया बेलथायनो-हाथाव। The obese tend to have a big tummy and so there is a constant on the spine. बाराद्राय-मोदोमगोनाङा मोनसे गेदेर उदै जाहोयो आरो बेनिखायनो सिनस्रियाव मोनसे दिदोम बोनाय दं। This causes a low back pain and early arthritis of the spine. बेयो गाहाय बिखुं सानाय आरो सिनस्रिनि गिबि आरथ्राइतास जाहोयो। Heavy body weight puts a strain on the knees as they have to bear the brunt of the weight. बेफोरो लिरथायनि नारला-नारसिखौ सहायनांगौ हिसाबै गिलिर देहा लिरथाया हान्थुनि सायाव मोनसे बोफलावनाय होयो। Knee arthritis is common among the obese. बाराद्राय-मोदोमगोनांफोरनि गेजेराव हान्थु आरथ्राइतासा जाफ्लेबाय-थानाय। Generally they have a high level of uric acid in the blood. सरासनस्रायै बिसोरहा थैआव मोनसे जौगा बिबांनि इउरिक एसिद दङ। High blood pressure and diabetes cause complications during pregnancy. जौगा थै नारसिननाय आरो दायेबितिसा गोरबोआव-थानाय समाव गुलाय-गुजायनि जाहोन। There will be a prolonged labour when the size of the baby is big. जेब्ला गथनि महरा गेदेर अब्ला बेयाव मोनसे लावहोनाय मावसोमनाय जागोन। Many of these cases will have to be submitted to a caesarean operation. बेफोर जाथायनि गोबांखौनो मोनसे सिजारियान अपारेसनाव गथायनांगोन। Tumours and cancer of the uterus are more common among the old. इउतेरासनि टिउमारफोर आरो केन्सारफोरा बोरायफोरनि गेजेराव बांसिन सरासनस्रा। Fat people have more problems with their tummies. मोदोमगोनां सुबुंफोरा बिसोरनि उदैजों जेंनाफोर दङ। Flatulence, bloating, dyspepsia, and diaphragmatic hernia are common. गेस-जमाजानाय, बुगानाय, हजम-जायै आरो दायेफ्रागमातिक हारनियाफोरा सरासनस्रा। Their liver functions less efficiently. बिसोरनि बिखानि खामानि-मावनाया खम आखा-फाखायै। They have more skin infections due to a moist skin fold, more common in the groin, arm pits and under the breast. सिदोब बिगुर फायखननि थाखाय बिसोरहा बांसिन बिगुर बारदेरनाय दं, ग्रइन,फाखनाखं आरो आबुनि सिङाव बांसिन जाफ्लेनाय। They are at a higher surgical risk. बिसोर बांसिन सारजिकेल खैफोदाव दङ। Anaesthesia is more dangerous, the time taken for an operation is longer, and wounds take longer to heal. एनास्थेसियाया बांसिन खैफोदगोनां, अपारेसननि थाखाय लानाय समा गोलावसिन, आरो जखम-जानायफोरा फाहामनो गोलावसिन लायो। The treatment depends mostly on reducing the food intake, increasing exercises or both. फाहामनाया बांसिनै खाजा सोना-लानायखौ खमायनाय, ब्यामफोर बारायनाय आरो दुगैनायनि सायाव सोनारो। For lifelong obesity, exercise and dieting both should be combined. जिउजोरथि बाराथार-मोदोमगोनांथिनि थाखाय ब्याम आरो बासिना-जानाय मोननैबो ज-जानांगौ। What food you take really is not important. नों मा खाजा जायो थारैनो बेयो गोनांथार नङा। The calorie is a calorie regardless of its source. बेनि फुंखाखौ नोजोर-होवाब्लाबो केलरिया मोनसे केलरिखा। We should be only careful that the diet is balanced so that it does not make us ill in the long run. जों सांग्रांल’ जानांगौ दि आहारा समानथायगोनां जाहाथे गोलाव सोलिनायाव बेयो जोंखौ बेरामि खालामा। A high carbohydrate diet will bring a slower reduction in obesity because with a high carbohydrate diet, there is a tendency to take in more salt. मोनसे जौगा कार्बहाइड्रेत आहारा बाराथार-मोदोमगोनाङाव मोनसे लासैसिन खमायनाय लाबोगोन मानोना मोनसे जौगा कार्बहाइड्रेत आहाराव बांसिन संख्रि जानायनि मोनसे लुबैनाय दं। More salt helps retain extra water in the body. बांद्राय संख्रिया देहायाव उफ्रा दै हमथाना-लाखिनायाव हेफाजाब-खालामो । A high protein diet helps to excrete water faster. मोनसे जौगा प्रटिन आहारा गोख्रैसिन दै एंगारनो हेफाजाब-खालामो। But in the long run it brings ketosis and acidosis. नाथाय गोबाव सोलिनायाव बेयो केतसिस आरो एसिदसिस लाबोयो। Eating food frequently helps to remain less fat. खनले-खनसे खाजा जानाया खम मेजेम थानो हेफाजाब-खालामो। If you eat less frequently you tend to eat a bigger quantity and the food tends to be more unbalanced. नों खम गले-गले जायोब्ला नों गेदेर गेदेरसिन बिबां जानो गोसो-थांगोन आरो खाजाया बांसिन समानथायगैयै जानो थांगोन। Obesity is more common in people who eat less frequently. खम गले-गले जाय सुबुंफोरनि गेजेराव बाराथार-मोदोमा बांसिन सरासनस्रा। Fasting is done for a quick weight reduction. थाब लिरथाय खमायनायनि थाखाय उपबासखौ खालामनाय जायो। Preferably, there should be short fasts lasting not more than a week or ten days. सायखजाथावनायै, सफथा खनसे एबा जि सानफोरनि बांसिन नङै गुसुं उपबास थानांगौ। Long term fasts by the obese may cause anaemia, potassium depletion, ketosis, liver dysfunction and hypotension. बाराथार मोदोमगोनांफोरनि गोबाव समनि उपबासा थै-गैयै, पतासियाम गैयै, केतसिसि, बिखा खामानि-मावै आरो खम-थैनारसिननायनि जाहोन जानो हागौ। Judicious fasting will give you health but it should be done under proper guidance. बुजिगोरों उपबासा नोंखौ सावस्रि होगोन नाथाय बेयो थि लामा दिन्थिनायाव जानांगौ। There are three fundamental methods for reducing weight: fasting, dieting and exercising. लिरथाय खमायनायनि थाखाय मोनथाम गाहाय आदबफोर दं: उपबास, बासिना-जानाय आरो ब्याम-खालामनाय। It is always better to combine two of them rather than to depend on one alone. मोनसेल’नि सायाव बिथा-खालामनायनि सोलाय बेफोरनि मोननैखौ ज’खालामनाया बेयो अरायबो मोजांसिन। Fasting and exercise if combined can bring about a fast reduction in weight. उपबास आरो ब्यामा ज’खालामजायोब्ला लिरथाय खमायनायाव गोख्रैखौ लाबोनो हायो। This should however be done under a good health farming expert. मोजां सावस्रि जोथोन लानाय रोंगौसा सासेनि सिङाव बेयो खालाम जानांगौ। In the beginning the reduction is at a rapid rate. जागायनायाव खमायनाया मोनसे गोख्रै हाराव। This is due to the loss in the content of the intestines and loss of water due to salt restriction. बेयो बिबुफोरनि सिङाव खमायनायनि आरो संख्रि हेंथानि जाउनाव दै खमायनायनि थाखाय। This initial quick reduction in weight creates an illusion among the obese patients. लिरथायाव बे गिबि थाब खमायनाया बाराथार-मोदोमगोनां जब्राफोरनि गेजेराव मोनसे नंखाय-फोथायनाय सोरजियो। This lost weight will be regained faster, when they resume their normal diet. जेब्ला बिसोर सरासनस्रा आहारखौ जागायफिनो खमायनाय बे लिरथायखौ गोख्रैसिन मोनफिनो। The real reduction takes place when the fat is shed. गुबै खमायनाया जायो जेब्ला मेजेमा एंगारजायो। It is brought about when the fat calories are used by the body instead of calories supplied by customary food. नेमबादि-सोलिनाय खाजाजों दैथायहरजानाय केलरिनि सोलाय जेब्ला मेजेम केलरिफोरा देहाजों बाहायजायो बेयो प्राय लाबोजायो। Chemically pure fat has a fuel value of 4,000 calories per pound. रासायनारियै गोथार मेजेमहा मोनफ्रोमबो पाउन्द 4,000 केलरिफोरनि मोनसे इन्धन बेसेन दं। The fuel value of the body fat is 3,000 calories per pound as it contains 25% of moisture. देहा मेजेमनि इन्धन बेसेना जादों मोनफ्रोम पाउन्द 3,000 केलरिफोर लोगोसे बेयो 25 % सिदोमा थाफायो। So a person whose size and activity requires 3,000 calories a day will lose 1lb. a day. बेनिखायनो सुबुं सासे जायनि महर आरो खामानिया सानफायाव 3,000 केलरिफोर गोनांथि जायो सानफायाव 1आइ बि गोमागोन। A person whose calorie requirement is 2,000 calories will lose of 2/3lb. a day. सुबुं सासे जायनि गोनांथिया 2,000 केलरि,सानफायाव 2/3 आइ बि गोमागोन। The actual weight lost is a little more than the figures above as some non-fatty tissue is also lost, though slowly. गुबै लिरथाय खमायनाया सानि बिबांनिख्रै इसे बांसिन लासैयैब्लाबो माखासे मेजेमगैयै मोदोम-रोदाबेजेयाबो गोमायो। When you do a complete fast, the muscles, blood, liver and other vital parts also decrease in weight. जेब्ला नों मोनसे आबुं उपबास खालामो मोदोम-गेहेनफोर, थै, बिखा आरो गुबुन गोनांथार अंगफोराबो लिरथायाव खमायो। An average man taking moderate exercise and fasting can lose one pound a day and a woman, a pound a day. गड़ मानसिया लानाय मोनसे नेमबादि ब्याम आरो उपबासा सानफायाव से पाउन्द खमायनो हायो आरो सासे आइजोआ सानफायाव से पाउन्द। There are over 15 regimen diets, which are popular among the Americans. प्राय 15 अनजिमानि आहारफोर दङ, जायफोरा आमेरिकायारिफोरनि गेजेराव मुंदांखा। The ideal diet should take into consideration the vitamin and mineral requirement of the body. नेरसोन खाजाया देहानि गोनांथि-जानाय भिटामिन आरो खनिजखौ गनायथिनायाव लानांगौ। it should be able to draw calories 15% from proteins,30% from fats and 55% from carbohydrates. बेयो प्रटिननिफ्राय 15% केलरि, मेजेमनिफ्राय 30% आरो कार्बहाइड्रेतनिफ्राय 55% बोनो हाथावना जानांगौ। There are quite a few fat diets in the US based on bestselling books F-plan, Atkins, Pritikins and Scarsdale. इउरपखौ बिथा खालामनाय बांसिन फानजानाय बुकस एफ-प्लान, आतकिनस, प्रितिकिनस आरो स्कारेदेलआव आबुङै मोननैसो मेजेम आहारफोर दं। It is difficult to decide which one is the best to supply all nutrients essential for the body. देहानि थाखाय गोनांथि जानाय गासैबो पुस्तिनि थाखाय जगायनो बबे मोनसेया साबसिन जागोन बेखौ थि-खालामनाया गोब्राब। It will depend on the individual. बेयो सुबुं-सासेनि सायाव सोनारगोन। F-plan includes Low fat, high in complex carbohydrates (whole grains and beans) and enough supply of vitamins. एफ बिखान्थिया खम मेजेम, गोब्राब कार्बहाइड्रेताव जौगा (गासैबो बेगरफोर आरो सबायफोर) आरो भिटामिननि थोजासे दैथायनाय। Dr Denis Burkitt, an English physician, limits fat and reduces protein, raising the intake of fibre-rich fruits, vegetables and whole grain cereals. सासे इंलिस फाहामगिरि दाक्टर देनिस बारकेतआ बांद्राय-बेजेगोनां फिथायफोर, मैगंफोर आरो गासैबो बेगर सबायहारिफोरनि ला-गोहोखौ जौगाहोनानै मेजेमखौ सिमागोनां-खालामो आरो प्रटिनखौ खमायो। The Beverly Hill is basically a low protein diet for first 9 days, all the food taken is by way of fruits. बेभारलि हिलआ गिबि 9 सानपोरनि थाखाय गुबैयै मोनसे खम प्रटिन आहार, गासैबो खाजा जानाया फिथायफोरजों। Then, gradually carbohydrates, fats and proteins are added. बेनि-उनाव लासैयै कार्बहाइड्रेत, मेजेमफोर आरो प्रटिनफोरा दाजाबजायो। The pritikins Diet is high in fibres, to promote a good bowel movement. मोनसे मोजां बिबु-बिख्लो सोमावनाय जौगाहोनो मोनसे जौगा प्रितिकिनस आदारफोरा बेजेयाव जौगा। It contains so little fat that it may not taste good and may be difficult to swallow. बेयो जोबोर खम मेजेम लाफायो दि बेयो मोजां थावनाय गैयाबो जानो हागौ आरो सावसुबनो थाखाय गोब्राब जानो हागौ। High fibre food is most important in all weight reducing diets. जौगा बेजे खाजाया गासैबो लिरथाय खमायनाय आहारफोराव जोबोर गोनां। You chew it more; you take a longer time to eat. नों बेखौ बांसिन सावसुबो; नों बेखौ जानो थाखाय गोलावसिन सम जायो। Food is bulky, leaves you more satisfied, and it leaves little space for refined foods made with the help of sugars and oils. खाजाया गेदेर-गिलिर, नोंखौ बांसिन गोजोनगोनां खालामो आरो चिनि आरो थावजों बानायजानाय सोदांनाय खाजाफोरनि थाखाय इसे जायगा हगारो। You feel less tempted and have much less appetite for different snacks and fats. नों खम लुबैनाय आरो गुबुन-गुबुन जामुफोर आरो मेजेमफोरनि थाखाय खम उखैनाय थानाय मोनदांगोन। One experiment has proved that when you eat rapidly you become hungry faster than when you eat precisely the same size of meal at a slower rate. मोनसे आनजाद-नायनाया फोरमान खालामबाय दि जेब्ला नों लासैसिन हाराव एखे बिबांनि आहारखौ थिगमथै जानायनिख्रै जेब्ला नों गोख्रैयै जायो गोख्रै उखैनाय मोनो। Rich fibre food holds extra water, so one extra litre of water retained will help to increase the transit time or the time taken by the food through the body and thus will relieve constipation. बाराथार बेजे आहारा उफ्रा दै लाखियो, बेनिखायनो उफ्रा लिटार मोनसे दै लाखिनाया दैथायहरनाय सम एबा देहानि गेजेरजों खाजाजों लाजानाय सम बांहोनायाव हेफाजाब-खालामगोन आरो बेबादिनो खिगोरा-जानायखौ रेहाय-होगोन। With a high fibre diet you excrete more calories in the stool. मोनसे जौगा बेजेगोनां आहारजों खियाव नों बांसिन केलरि एंगारो। Tests indicate that the calorie content of the faeces amount is nearly ten percent when people are on a high fibre diet. आनजाद-नायनाया इसारा-होयो दि जेब्ला सुबुंफोरा मोनसे जौगा बेजे आदार लाबाय-थायो मैला बिबांनि केलरि सिं-मुवाया जि जौखन्दोनि खाथियाव। So it is worth following the advice to chew your food as many times as the number of your teeth before you swallow. बेनिखायनो नों मननायनि सिगां नोंनि हाथाया जेसेबां एसेबां नोंनि खाजाखौ सावसुबनायनि बोसोनखौ उनसंनाया बेसेनगोनां। So for good health and a slim body chew, chew and chew till you can drink your solid foods and eat your liquids. बेनिखायनो मोजां सावस्रि आरो मोनसे बालें देहानि थाखाय, सावसुब, सावसुब आरो सावसुब नों नोंनि गथा खाजाफोरखौ लोंनो आरो नोंनि लाव-लावफोरखौ जानो हानायसिम। Lachance, a leading nutritionist, cautions against liquid protein diet. सासे दैदेनगिरि पुष्टिगिरि लासानसेआ लाव-लाव प्रटिन खाजानि हेंथायै सामोल-खालामो। It may cause cardiac irregularities. बेयो कारदियारि नेमआरि-नङैनि जाहोन जानो-हागौ। He claimed that the health of Americans would improve if they simply ate more complex carbohydrates and less fat. बियो दाबिदोंमोन दि बिसोरो गोरलैयैनो बांसिन गोब्राब कार्बहाइड्रेटफोर आरो खम मेजेम जादोंमोनब्ला आमेरिकायारिफोरनि सावस्रिया जौगागोन। Mote fat is associated with colon cancer. गुन्द्रा मेजेमा कलन केनसारजों लोबबागोनां। It will be a great improvement in the diet of those who feast on 50% plant food and 50% animal food. जायफोरा 50% लायफां खाजा आरो 50% जुनार खाजानि सायाव खाजा-जायो बैसोरनि खाजायाव बेयो मोनसे जोबोर-मोजां जौगानाय जागोन। Lachance says you can eat all types of food and still lose weight if you are willing to exercise. लासानसेआ बुङो नों ब्याम-खालामनो गोसोगोनांब्ला नों गासैबो रोखोमनि खाजा जानो आरो दासिमबो लिरथाय खमायनो हायो। A lady sought a doctor for a prescription of Amphetamine (a drug which causes loss of appetite). एमफिटामिननि (मोनसे मुलि जाय उखैनाय खमायनायनि जाहोन) मोनसे दिथा-बिलायनि थाखाय आयजो सासेआ डाक्टार सासेखौ नागिरदोंमोन। The doctor took out his prescription pad and scribbled multivitamin tablets and handed it to her. डाक्टारा बिनि दिथा-बिलाय पैदखौ दिहुनदोंमोन आरो बां-भिटामिन बरिफोरखौ गोख्रैयै-लिरदोंमोन आरो बेखौ बिनो होदोंमोन। He told her if she walked briskly 2 miles every day she would have no more troubles with her weight. बियो बिखौ बुंदोंमोन बियो सानफ्रोमबो 2 माइल गोख्रै थाबायोब्ला बिहा बिनि लिरथायजों आरोबाव जेबो असुबिदाफोर थानाय नङा मोन। It worked and she lost a lot of weight. बेयो खामानि-मावदोंमोन आरो गोबां लिरथाय खमायदोंमोन। She should not miss a single day's exercise. ब्याम-खालामनाय सानफोरनि सानसेबो बियो हगारनाङा। Exercise tones up the muscles, reduces appetite and improves the psychological outlook on life. ब्याम मोदोम-गेहेनफोरखौ गोख्रों-खालामो, उखैनायखो खमायो आरो जिउनि बागै गोसोआरि साननायखौ जौगाहोयो। Breakfast is important for health conscious people. फुंखाजाया सावस्रि सांग्रां सुबुंनि थाखाय गोनांथार। You are better off eating just a good solid breakfast chiefly cereals, than gorging yourself on a big dinner or lunch. सानजौफु-खाजा एबा साननि-गाहाय-खाजायाव गावखौ बांद्राय-जाहोनायनिखुरै नों मोनसे मोजां थि फुंखाजा जानाया साबसिन गाहायै सबायहारिफोर। The old fashioned belief that an imbalance between eating and physical exercise was the main cause for fat to develop is extremely sound. गोजाम धंआरि फोथायथि जाय जानाय आरो ब्याम-खालामनायनि गेजेराव मोनसे समानथिनङैआ मेजेमनि बारायनायनि गाहाय जाहोनमोन बेयो जोबोरैनो थिथाथाय। The less you eat and more you exercise, the less fat you will have. नों खम जानाय आरो नों बांसिन ब्याम-खालाम, नोंहा खम मेजेम थागोन। Obesity can lead to several medical problems including emotional and social. आबेगारि आरो समाजारिखौ लाफानानै मोदोमबांनाया गोबां मेदिकेलारि जेंनाफोर जाहोनो हायो। Fat people are treated unkindly by others, particularly by classmates in the school. मोदोमगोनां सुबुंफोरा गुबुनफोरजों अननायगैयैयै बाहायजायो, जरखायै फरायसालियाव थाखो-लोगोफोरजों। If you eat more calories than you use, they will turn into body fat. नों बाहायनायनिखुरै नों बांसिन केलरि जायोब्ला, बैफोरो मेजेमाव सोलायगोन। If you eat 3,000 calories more than what the body needs, you will gain one pound in weight. देहानो जा नांगौ बेनिखुरै नों 3,000 केलरिफोर जायोब्ला, नों लिरथायाव से पाउन्द बारायगोन। People who are overweight, of normal weight, or underweight may all eat the same kinds of food. जायफोर सुबुंफोरा बांद्राय-लिरथाय, सरासनस्रा लिरथायनि एबा खम-लिरथायनि जाहो-हागौ गासैबो एखे रोखोमफोरनि खाजाखौनो जायो। Their weight difference results from the amount of food they eat in relation to the amount of energy they use. बिसोरनि लिरथाय फारागथिया सोमजियो बिसोर गोहो बाहायनाय बिबांनि थाखाय बिसोर जानाय खाजानि बिबांनिफ्राय। Physical inactivity can lead to obesity among all age groups especially among children and teenagers who are the most active groups. देहायारियै मावथिनङैआ गासै बैसो हानजानिनो गेजेराव मोदोम-बांनायाव सोलायनो हायो जरखायै खुदिया आरो लायमोनफोरनि गेजेराव जायफोरा बांसिन मावथि हानजा। Most obese young people do not eat more than those of normal weight. बांसिन बांद्राय-मोदोम लायमोन सुबुङा सरासनस्रा लिरथायनि बैसोरनिखुरै बांसिन जाया। In fact, most of them eat less. गुबैयाव, बिसोरनि बांसिनानो खम जायो। But they are so inactive that even with moderate appetite they eat more than they need and accumulate excessive fat. नाथाय बिसोर जोबोर मावथिनङै दि अदेबानि नेमआरि उखैनायजों बिसोरनो गोनांथिनिखुरै बिसोर बांसिन जायो आरो बांद्राय मेजेम जमा-जायो। Any reducing diet must provide fewer calories. जायखिजाया खमायनाय खाजाया खमसिन केलरिफोर जगायथारनांगौ। If a man needs 3,000 calories a day to maintain his weight with his habits of life, he should eat 2,000 calories a day to reduce two pounds a week. बिनि जिउनि सर’फोरजों बिनि लिरथायखौ सामलायनो सानफायाव मानसि सासेनो 3,000 केलरिफोर गोनांथिब्ला, सफथा खनफायाव नै पाउन्द खमायनो सानफायाव बियो 2,000 केलरिफोर जानांगौ। It is generally dangerous to lose weight faster. गोख्रै लिरथाय खमायनाया सरासनस्रायै खैफोदगोनां। The food items in a reducing diet must be well balanced. खमायनाय खाजायाव खाजा रोखोमफोरा मोजां समानथिगोनां जाथारनांगौ। That is, they must provide enough of all the nutrients needed for good health. बेयो, मोजां सावस्रिनि थाखाय गोनांथि जानाय गासैबो पुष्टिनिखौनो बिसोर थोजासे जगायथारनांगौ। There is no evidence that extreme diets for example "low carbohydrates" or "low protein" diets, or those based on single foods have any advantage over well-balanced diets. जेबो फोरमान गैयादि बाराद्राय खाजाफोर बिदिन्थि हिसाबै "खम कार्बहाइड्रेत" एबा "खम प्रटिन" खाजाफोर, एबा मोनसेल’ खाजानि सायाव बिथागोनां बैफोरा मोजां-समानथिगोनां खाजानि सायाव जायखिजाया मुलाम्फा दङ। A reducing diet should also be good in taste and easy to buy and cook. मोनसे खमायनाय खाजाया थावनायावबो मोजां आरो बायनाय आरो संनायाव गोरलै जानांगौ। An expert nutritionist has advised that a person going on a reducing diet should get more exercise. सासे रोंगौसा पुष्टिगिरिया बोसोन-होबाय दि खाजा खमायबाय थानाय सुबुं सासेया बांसिन ब्याम-खालामनांगौ। But an obese person, one who is otherwise healthy, should not suddenly start a programme of prolonged, heavy exercise. नाथाय बांद्राय-मोदोमगोनां सुबुं सासेया, सासेया जाय गुबुनफारसे सावस्रिगोनां, गोबाव-जोरनाय गिलिर ब्यामनि हाबाफारि मोनसे हरखाब जागायनाङा। The strain on the heart would be dangerous. बिखायाव नारसिननाया खैफौदगोनां जानो हागौ। An exercise programme should be developed gradually. ब्याम-खालामनाय हाबाफारि मोनसेया फारियै जौगाहोजानांगौ। One good way is to start to take daily walks, and increasing their duration. सानफ्रोमबो थबायनाय खालामनो आरो बिसोरनि समखौ बांहोनो जागायनो मोनसे मोजां राहा। More demanding exercises can be added as the person becomes thinner and fitter. सुबुङा हामख्रेंसिन आरो आरजाथावसिन जानाय बादियै बांसिन गोनां-जानाय ब्यामफोर दाजाबदेरनो हायो। There is no love sincerer than the love of food", said George Bernard Shaw. जर्ज बार्नार्ड स्वआ बुंदोंमोन, खाजानि मोजां-मोननायनिख्रुय सांग्रांसिन मोजांमोननाय जेबो-गैया। Obesity is more common in the affluent society. धोनि समाजाव मेजेम-बहराया बांसिन सरासनस्रा। Charles Dickens in 'Pickwick Papers' describes a character, Joe, a fat fellow who gets doused at the most inappropriate occasions. ‘पिकउइक पेपारस’ आव चार्लस डिकेन्सा मोनसे आखु बुंफोरो, सासे गुफुं मानसि, जइ जाय जोबोर थि-नङि बुब्लिफोराव फिसि-जायो। Fat people enjoy their laziness. गुफुं सुंबुङा बिसोरनि अलसियाथिखौ रंजायो। They feel breathless after exertion and become tired quickly. बिसोर कस्त-खालामखांनायनि उनाव हां-थोनो मोनो आरो गोख्रैयै मेंनाय मोनो। The fat and the thin may eat the same amount of food. गुफुं आरो रानथेंआ एखे बिबांनि खाजा जानो हानो-हागौ। The thin people are more active and so they consume their calories. रानथें सुबुंफोरा बांसिन मावथि आरो बेखायनो बिसोर बिसोरनि केल’रिखौ जायो। The fat do not, their extra calories get deposited at all the wrong places in the body. मेजेमा बिसोरनि उफेरा केल’रिफोरखौ देहानि गासै गोरोनथि जायगाफोराव दोनथुमजाया। The obese are generally of a cool temperament and look healthy but they fall prey to many diseases. मेजेम-बहराफोरा सरासनस्रायै गुसु नु-थासारिनि आरो गुफुं नुयो नाथाय गोबां बेरामफोरनि मैहुराव गोग्लैयो। When a person is overweight, thirty percent of his span of life is reduced. जेब्ला सासे सुबुङा बांद्राय-गिलिर, बिनि जिव समनि थामजि जौखोनदोआ खमायजायो। It is better to consider 20% overweight as compared to average weight as obese. मेजेम-बहरा बादि गड़ लिरथायनि रुजुनायाव 20% बां-लिरथाय गनायनाया साबसिन। The simplest method to know if a person is obese is to measure his skin fold thickness with the help of a calliper. जुदि सासे सुबुङा मेजेमबहरा, मिथिनायनि गोरलैसिनथार राहाया बिनि बिगुर थननाय रोजाथिखौ मोनसे कलिपारनि हेफाजाबजों सुनाय। Generally, it may be done on the back of the arm If is thicker than 23 mm in men and 30 mm in women the person is obese. सरासनस्रायै, बेयो आखान्थिनि उनाव मावजानो हागौ, जुदि हौवाफोरनियाव 23 एम.एम. आरो आयजोफोरनियाव 30 एम.एम. निख्रुय रोजासिन, सुबुङा मेजेम-बहरा। People tend to get obese as they get older. सुबुंफोरा जै बोरायसिन जायो मेजेम-बहरा जानो नागिरो। They reach the peak around the age of 50. बिसोर 50 बैसोफ्रामाव थिखिनिखौ सहैयो। We find few obese people living till old age. जों बोराय बैसोसिम जिउखुंनाय मेजेम-बहरा सुबुंफोर इसेल’थार मोनो। They generally succumb to many obesity-related diseases. बिसोर सरासनस्रायै गोबां मेजेम-बहरा-सोमोनदो-गोनां बेरामफोर मोनथाव। There are two types of people who are obese. मोननै रोखोमनि सुबुंफोर दं जायफोरा मेजेम-बहरा। One type of people are obese throughout their growth. मोनसे रोखोमनि सुबुंफोरा बिसोरनि देरनाय नङैनो मेजेम-बहरा। Obese women gain weight with each pregnancy. मेजेम-बहरा आयजोफोरा मोनफ्रोम दोरसिथिजों लिरथाय आरजियो। They are grossly fat and may become overweight by 175%. बिसोर जयै गुफुं आरो 175% बांलिरथाय जानो हागौ। Their fatness is more around their limbs. बिसोरनि गुफुंथिफोरा बिसोरनि आखान्थि-जराफोर सोरगिदिं बांसिन। The other type is those who grow fat during middle age. गुबुन रोखोमा बैसोर जाय गेजेर बैसोनि समाव मेजेम बारायो।. Life becomes sedentary, less and less active as we grow. जों जै देरो जिवा अलसिया, खमनिख्रुय खम मावथि जायो। The calorie requirement goes down. केल’रि गोनांथिफोरा गाहायाव थाङो। It has been estimated that the intake lessens by 43 calories with every decade in the males and 27 calories in the females. बेखौ आनदाज-खालामनाय जादोंदि आजावनाया मोनफ्रोम जिथायाव हौवाफोरनियाव 43 केल’रिफोर आरो आयजोफोरनियाव 27 केल’रिफोर खमायो। Food habits do not change with age. खाजा हुदाफोरा बैसोजों सोलाया। When the calorie requirement is reduced, we continue to consume the same amount of food. जेब्ला केल’रि गोनांथिया खमायजायो, जों एखे बिबांनि खाजा जानो हमगासिनो थायो। Extra calories start depositing fat in the body. उफेरा केल’रिफोरा देहायाव मेजेम दोनथुमनो जागायो। This generally leads to central obesity, fat deposits around the abdomen and chest. बेयो सरासनस्रायै उदै आरो जेरबा सोरगिदिं मिरु मेजेम-बहरा, मेजेम दोनथुमथिफोर जाहोयो। The fat cells increase in number and size and the process continues throughout the childhood. मेजेम जिबख्रिफोरा अनजिमा आरो महराव बाङो आरो बिखान्थिया उन्दै-समनिफ्रायनो सोलिगासिनो-थायो। Among the non-obese people the proliferation of fat cells takes place for the first two years of childhood and then just prior to puberty. मेजेम-गैयि सुबुंफोरनि गेजेराव उन्दै-समनि गिबि नै बोसोरफोरनि थाखाय मेजेम जिबख्रिफोरनि जौगानाया जायगा लायो आरो बेनि-उनाव आथोन-सोमजिखांनायनि आगोलावल’। It has been noticed that the non-obese persons, if they are forcefully fed, they gain in weight by 20-30%. बेखौ नुनाय जाबायदि मेजेम-गैयि सुबुंफोरा, जुदि बिसोरखौ एमब्रायै जाहोयो, बिसोर 20-30% लिरथाय आरजियो। Their fat cells increase in size but not in number and as soon as the forced feeding stops, they come back to their original weight. बिसोरनि मेजेम जिबख्रिफोरा महराव देरो नाथाय अनजिमायाव नङा आरो जै एमब्रायै जाहोनायखौ दबथायो, बिसोर बिसोरनि गुदि लिरथायाव फैफिनो। In the obese if the fat cells are removed through an operation as is sometimes done by some enthusiastic surgeons, in due course the remaining fat cells increase in size and proliferate and the person once again becomes overweight. मेजेम-बहरायाव जुदि खायसे गोसो-गोदुं सारजनफोरजों खायसे-समाव खालामजानाय बादि मोनसे अस्त्र-सिकितसानि गेजेरजों मेजेम जिबख्रिफोरा बोखारजायो, थि फारियाव थानाय मेजेम जिबख्रिफोरा महराव देरो आरो जौगायो आरो सुबुङा फिन खनसे बांलिरथाय जायो। When you are depressed, you tend to eat more. जेब्ला नों गोसो-बायो, नों बांसिन जानो नागिरो। When you feel lonely and there is nothing to do with a lot of food lying around in the house, you tend to feed yourself. जेब्ला नों हारसिंथि मोनदाङो आरो बिहाय न’ सोरगिदिं गोग्लैना-थानाय गोबां आदारजों जेबो मावनो गोनां गैया, नों गावखौनो जाहोनो नाजायो। Average college going girls are generally thin. गड़ फरायसालिमायाव थांनाय हिनजावसाफोरा सरासनस्रायै हामख्रें। When they leave college they may get married. जेब्ला बिसोर फरायसालिमा नागारो बिसोर जुलि-जानो हागौ। In a few years, they become fat. इसेल’ बोसोरफोराव, बिसोर गुफुं जायो। After college their physical activity decreases. फरायसालिमानि उनाव बिसोरनि देहायारि मावथाया खमायो। Left with no other diversion and entertainment they tend to concentrate more on eating. जेबो गुबुन गावस्रानाय आरो रंजा-बाजाजों थायालासे बिसोर जानायाव बांसिन गोसो-होनो नाजायो। Their desire to look glamorous is also at lower ebb. बिसोरनि मुहिनि-गोहो नायनो हाबिलासाबो गाहायसिन महराव। Socio-economic influences rather than hereditary are directly responsible for obesity. फोलेरारिनि सोलायै समाज-रांखान्थियारि गोहोमफोरा मेजेम-बहरानि थाखाय थोंजों दाय-गोनां। A mother who tells the child that ghee (Butter oil) is good for it is doing more harm than any hereditary cause. सासे बिमा जाय खुदियाखौ बुङोदि जायखि-जाया फोलेरारि जाहोननिख्रुय बेयो बांसिन खहा मावगासिनो दंनि थाखाय घिउवा (माखन थाव) मोजां। Psychological factors play an important role in preventing obese persons to lose weight. गोसो-बिरोंमायारि जाहोनफोरा मेजेम-बहरा सुबुङा लिरथाय खमायनो होबथानायाव मोनसे गोनां बिहोमा बिफाव-लायो। They eat at night, because of some guilt syndrome and body image disturbance. माखासे गोरोनथि लैखोन आरो देहा सावगारि खायसोनि जाहोनाव बिसोर हराव जायो। A girl, 22 years old, has a perfect diet during the day but at night in a semi-conscious state she will walk up to the kitchen and eat vast quantities of food. 22 बोसोर बैसोनि, सासे हिनजावसाया साननि गेजेराव आबुं खाजा आजावो नाथाय खम-सांग्रांथि फोरमायथियै हराव बियो इसिंसिम थाबायलांगोन आरो गोबां बिबांफोरनि खाजा जागोन। Fat children are often seen to eat a lot. गुफुं खुदियाफोरखौ गले-गले गोबां जानाय नुयो। A child who eats 3-4 ice creams and drinks two milk shakes on top of it is not rare. सासे खुदिया जाय 3-4 आइस क्रिमफोर जायो आरो बेनि बांसिनाव मोननै गायखेर सेकफोर लोंनाया आगोमा नङा। A bride was happy with her 85 lbs on the wedding day. सासे खैनाया हाबानि सानाव बिनि 85 पाउण्ड जों खुसिमोन। But 10 years later she was equally content with a body weight of 135 lbs. नाथाय 10 बोसोरफोर उनाव बियो 135 पाउण्डनि देहा लिरथायजों समानै थाफानायमोन। It calls for a lot of persuasion to keep an obese person on the right track. बेयो सासे मेजेम-बहरा सुबुंखौ थार लामायाव दोननो गोबां फोथायथिनि थाखाय हांख्रायो। The height weight charts sometimes are not useful at all. जौथाय लिरथाय मान-सावगारिफोरा माखासे-समफोराव गासैयावबो बाहायफुंथाव नङा। It is better to develop an ideal body weight concept. मोनसे नेरसोनगोनां देहा लिरथाय सानदांथि जौगानाया साबसिन। This is more realistic and encourages the patient to work harder to be thin. बेयो बांसिन मोगथाङारि आरो जब्राखौ रानथें जानो गोब्राबसिन खामानि-मावनो थुलुंगा-होयो। Fatness is often mistaken for good health, but it is not true. बां-लिरथाया समसम मोजां सावस्रिनि थाखाय गोरोन्थि-सानजायो नाथाय बेयो सैथो नङा। A fat body harbours diseases better. मोनसे गुफुं देहाया बेरामफोरखौ साबसिन आस्रय-होयो। Fat people generally suffer from diabetes, high blood pressure, heart ailments, gall bladder stones, arthritis, bloating in the tummy and liver complications. गुफुं सुबुंफोरा सरासनस्रायै डायबेटिस, गोजौ थै नारथाय, मैखुन बेरामफोर, गल ब्लाडार स्तनफोर, आलौनाय, उदैयाव बुनाय आरो बिखा गालाय-गुजायाव भुगियो। These diseases produce a higher mortality among the obese, compared to thinner people. बेफोर बेरामफोरा हामख्रेंसिन सुबुंफोरजों रुजुनायाव मेजेम-बहरानि गेजेराव बांसिन थैनाय सोमजिहोयो। But luckily all of this can be reversed. नाथाय भाग्य-गोनाङै बेनि गासैखौबो उलथायनो हायो। The results can be dramatic if only they reduce weight. बिसोर लिरथाय खमायब्लाल’ फिथाइफोरा फावथायारि जानो हायो। In the US out of every four persons one is on a weight reducing diet. इउ. एस आव मोनफ्रोम साब्रै सुबुंफोरनि मादाव सासेया लिरथाय खमायनाय खाजायाव थायो। There is great health consciousness. बिहाय गोबां सावस्रि सांग्रांथि दं। Thousands can be seen jogging and taking health foods. रोजा-रोजाखौ जगिं-खालामनाय आरो सावस्रि खाजा आजावनाय नुनो हायो। The cholesterol level is higher among the fat persons. कलेस्तेरल थाखोआ गुफुं सुबुंफोरनि गेजेराव जौसिन। This is because, fat deposits find their way into the blood stream Cholesterol which is a fat and in blood stream, it makes the blood more viscous. बेनि जाहोना, मेजेम दोनथुमथिफोरा बिसोरनि लामाखौ थै खारसारथिं कलेस्तेरलाव मोनो जाय मोनफा मेजेम आरो थै खारसारथिङाव, बेयो थैखौ बांसिन हेंथा-गोनां खालामो। It gets deposited in the lumen of the blood vessels making them thinner and making it more difficult for the blood to flow. बेयो थै रोदाफोरनि नोलि-दनदराव बिफोरखौ गोबासिन खालामनानै आरो बेखौ थैनि थाखाय बोहैनो बांसिन गोब्राब खालामनानै दोनथुमजायो। The lumen of the coronary arteries supplying the heart also gets narrowed down. मैखुन जगायनाय करनेरि थै-रोदाफोरनि नोलि-दनदराबो फिसा खालामजायो। The supply of blood to the heart is reduced and it may result in heart diseases. मैखुनाव थैनि जगायनाया खमायजायो आरो बेयो मैखुन बेरामफोर सोमजिहोनो हागौ। The cholesterol is also linked with gall bladder stones. कलेस्तेरलाबो गल ब्लादार स्तनफोरजों सोमोनदोगोनां। Super saturation of bile with cholesterol helps to form gall stones. बिख्लोनि जोबोर सिगारनायाबो कलेस्तेरलजों गल अन्थायफोर दानायाव हेफाजाब-होयो। It is more common among females who are obese, around forty and of fair complexion. बेयो ब्रैजिफ्राम आरो समायना दाथायनि हिनजावफोरनि गेजेराव बांसिन सरासनस्रा जाय मेजेम-बहरा। During pregnancy and in case of a diabetic child there may be a need for higher doses, twice daily. दोरसिनि समाव आरो सासे डायबेटिस-गोनां खुदियानि बिथिङाव बिहाय बांसिन फालिफोर, सानफ्रोमबो खननैनि गोनां जानो हागौ। Patients may have a hypoglycaemic reaction when the sugar levels reaches levels lower than what is required. जब्राफोरहा हायपग्लिकेमिक फिनजाथाय थानो हागौ जेब्ला सिनि थाखोफोरा माया गोनांनिख्रुय खमसिन थाखोफोरखौ सहैयो। These patients should carry sugar cubes or biscuits and eat them when such a situation arises. बिसोर जब्राफोरा सिनि किउबफोर आरो बिस्कुतफोर आजावनांगौ आरो बेफोरखौ जानांगौ जेब्ला बिदि थासारिया ओंखारो। There can be absorption of subcutaneous fat at the site of injection, skin rashes, fluid retention and visual disturbance. बिहाय बेजिनि जायगायाव मेजेमनि सोबखांनाय, बिगुर जारोम, रोसि दोनफिननाय आरो नुथायारि खायसो जानो हायो। They are sulphonyl urea drugs and include tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, acetohexamide, tolazamide and glybenclamide. बेफोर सालफनि इउरिया मुलैफोर आरो तलबुतेमाइड, क्लरप्रपेमाइड, एसितहेक्सामाइड, तलाजेमाइड आरो ग्लिबेसक्लेमाइड लाफायो। They are given only when diabetes is not controlled by diet and exercise. डायबेटिसा खाजा आरो ब्यामजों दबथायजायाब्लाल’ बेफोर होजायो। This drug acts on the pancreas and stimulates it to excrete more insulin. बे मुलैया पानक्रिसाव खामानि-मावो आरो बेखौ बांसिन इनसुलिन सिगारनो थुलुंगायो। An American study suggests that tolbutamide has failed to prevent the disease and even made it worse. सासे आमेरिकायारिनि बिजिरथिया बोसोन-होयोदि तलबुतेमाइडा बेरामखौ होबथानो फेलें-जाबाय आरो बेखौ गाज्रिसिनसो खालामबाय। It may cause the lowering of sugar to levels much lower than required and this may affect the brain. बेयो नांनायनिख्रुय बांसिन खमसिन थाखोफोरसिम सिनिनि खमायनाय सोमजिहोनो हागौ आरो बेयो मेलेमखौ गोहोम-खोख्लैनो हागौ। Eight hundred patients taking oral anti-diabetic drugs were researched for 3-8 years. खुगायारि हेंथा-डायबेतिक मुलैफोर लानाय डाइन जौ जब्राफोरा 3-8 बोसोरफोरनि थाखाय बिजिरसंजादोंमोन। The study showed that during this period 89 patients died. बिजिरथिया दिन्थिदोंमोनदि बे समफारिनि समाव सा 89 जब्राफोरा थैदोंमोन। The side effects may be serious if the patient is KEPT for a long time on this drug. उफेरा बिजाउनफोरा गोमजोर जानो हागौ जुदि जब्राया गोबाव समनि थाखाय बे मुलैयाव लाखिजायो। It increases intolerance to alcohol and causes facial flushing. बेयो निसासिम सहायहायि बांहोयो आरो खुगायारि जाहाबनाय सोमजिहोयो। Biguanides like phenformine and metaformine drugs have been prohibited in the United States by Food and Drug Administration. फेनफरमाइन बादि बिगुवानाइड आरो मेताफरमाइन मुलैफोरा खाजा आरो मुलै खुंथायजों जुथाय हादराव होबथाजाबाय। Side effects are loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and lactic acidosis. उफेरा बिजाउनफोरा जादों उखैनाय गोमानाय, गोबाल’-मोननाय, गोबानाय, खिसावनाय आरो लेकतिक एसिडसिस। 10 to 20 percent patients do not respond to oral agents and treatment is termed as primary failure. 10 निफ्राय 20 सिम जब्राफोरा खुगायारि जाहोनफोरसिम फिन-होआ आरो सिकितसाया गुबै फेलें महरै फोजोबजायो। New onset of disease responds better than old standing diabetes. बेरामनि गोदान गाग्लोबनाया गोजाम थानाय डायबेटिसनिख्रुय साबसिन फिन-होयो। If it cannot be controlled by diet then oral drugs can be added. जुदि बेखौ खाजाजों दबथायनो हाया अब्ला खुगायारि मुलैफोर दाजाबदेरनो हायो। These patients are first given oral drugs and if this fails then doctors take recourse to insulin. बेफोर जब्राफोरा गिबियाव खुगायारि मुलैफोर होजायो आरो जुदि बेयो फेलें-जायो अब्ला डाकथारा इनसुलिनसिम फिन-फालि नाजावो। When diabetes is controlled the patient is put back on oral medication. जेब्ला डायबेटिसा दबथायजायो जब्राया खुगायारि मुलै-जाहोनायाव फिन दोनजायो। With exercise and diet your expectancy of youthful years will not decrease. ब्याम आरो खाजाजों नोंनि जौमोनथि बोसोरफोरनि हाबिलासा खमायनाय नङा। If you are careless, if you cannot control yourself, cannot push yourself to doing exercise or you do not have enough determination to stick to the right diet, then you are taking a great risk. जुदि नों जोथोन-गैयि, जुदि नों-गावखौनो दबथायनो हाया, ब्यामफोर खालामनायाव नों-गावखौनो बोनो हाया एबा थार खाजाखौ बोनथुमनो नोंहा थोजासे थि-खालामथाय गैया, अब्ला नों मोनसे गेदेर खैफोद लागासिनो दं। The time, you know you are diabetic, gather courage and compel yourself to change the way of life. नों नोंहा डायबेटिस-गोनां मिथिनाय समा गोहो थुब्रायो आरो नों-गावखौनो जिवनि लामाखौ सोलायनो बाध्य-खालामो। It is not an easy task because you have lived in a particular style for years and being used to it, it is difficult to give up old habits बेयो मोनसे गोरलै खामानि नङा मानोना नों बोसोरफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे एखुथा आदबाव जिव-खुंबाय आरो बेजों हुदा जानानै, गोजाम हुदाफोरखौ नागारनाया गोब्राब। You have lived this way and got your diabetes. नों बे राहायै जिव-खुंबाय आरो नोंनि डायबेटिसखौ मोनदोंमोन। If you are a diabetic you must exercise vigorously. जुदि नों सासे डायबेटिस-गोनां नों गोख्रोङै ब्याम खालामथारनांगौ। If you are old and if you cannot do exercise, then at least you must walk in the morning and in the evening one hour each time. जुदि नों बोराय आरो जुदि नों बियाम खालामनो हाया, अब्ला नों खमैबो फुङाव आरो मोनाबिलियाव मोनफ्रोम समाव से घन्ता थाबायथारनांगोन। Take boiled vegetables (preferably 250 grams), salads, curds and dry chapatti for lunch and dinner. रुनाय मैगं जा (फसायथावनाया 250 ग्राम), सानजौफुखाजा आरो हरखाजानि थाखाय सालाडफोर, गायखेरदाखा आरो गोरान चापाति। Even before the weight starts dropping the sugar level begins decreasing. लिरथाय नागारनाय जागायनायनि आगोलबो सिनि थोरफोआ खमायनो जागायो। Maybe for a few days you will feel weak due to cutting down on calories but in 2-3 weeks you will get more strength and energy to walk longer distances. जानोहागौ इसे सानफोरनि थाखाय केलरिफोरनि खमायनायनि जाहोनाव नों लोरबां मोनगोन नाथाय 2-3 हाबथाफोराव नों गोलावसिन जानथायफोर थाबायनो गोख्रोंथि आरो गोहो मोनगोन। In two to three months the blood sugar will come to normal, if you are a mild to moderate diabetic. नै एबा थाम दानफोराव थै सिनिया सरासनस्रायाव फैगोन, जुदि डायबेतिस खमायनो नों सासे माहिआखुनि। If you are highly diabetic, oral ant diabetic drugs will be necessary. नोंहा जुदि गोबाङै डायबेतिसगोनां, खुगायारि मोस्रोम डायबेतिसारि मुलैफोरआ गोनां जागोन। But you can drop the drug in 6 months to one year time if you stick to the routine. नाथाय नों मुलैखौ 6 दानफोरनिफ्राय बोसोरसे समसिम दोनथनो हायो नों जुदि मावफारिखौ सुथाबो। Once you have reached the normal blood sugar level, the most difficult task starts. नों खेबसे सरासनस्रा थै सिनि थाखोखौ सहैबायब्ला, जोबोर गोब्राब खामानिया जागायो। If you are carried away by the craving for good food etc your sugar level will rise again and all the hard work will be wasted. नों जुदि मोजां खाजा बायदि-बायदिनि थाखाय उखैहाबनायजों लांखारजायो, नोंनि सिनि थाखोआ फिन बांगोन आरो गासै गोब्राब खामानिफोरा थांगारगोन। Many a times when the patient goes for a blood test he is told that his sugar is slightly high. जेब्ला सासे बेरामिया थै आनजादनि थाखाय गोबांथार समफोर थाङो बिखौ बुंनाय जायोदि बिनि सिनिया इसेयै गोबां। The patient comes back with the impression that there is nothing wrong and he need not worry and that he can carry on with almost the same diet with little restrictions. बेरामिया सानदांथिजों फैफिनोदि बेहाय जेबो गोरोन्थि गैया आरो बियो जिंगासिनांगौ गैया आरो बियो इसे हेंथाफोरजों प्राय एखे खाजाजोंनो सोलिहोगासिनो थानो हायो। The diet should be restricted completely to bring down the blood sugar to normal. थै सिनिखौ सरासनस्रासिम लाबोख्लायनो थाखाय खाजाया आबुङै होबथाजानांगौ। It should not be allowed to cross the normal level of blood sugar. थै सिनिनि सरासनस्रा थाखोआ बारनो होजानाङा। Such a patient should have a regular check of blood sugar, at 6 months intervals or at least once a year. बिदि बेरामिफोरआ 6 दानफोर थादनायजों एबा बोसोराव खमैबो खेबसे थै सिनिनि नेमबादि नायसंनाय थानांगौ। Many patients do vigorous dieting when they have detected that they are diabetics. गोबां बेरामिफोरआ गोख्रों खाजा-बासिनाय खालामो जेब्ला बिसोर संबायदि बिसोर डायबेतिसगोनां। Unfortunately, once the sugar level comes down they feel that they have been cured and start eating everything. खाफालमोनदायै, सिनि थाखोआ खेबसे गाहायाव फैब्ला बिसोर मोनदाङोदि बिसोर फाहामजाबाय आरो गासैखौबो जानो जागायो। After bringing down the sugar level by dieting, do not start gobbling all sorts of food because the sugar level will climb in no time. खाजा-बासिनानै सिनि थाखोखौ गाहायाव लाबोनायनि उनाव, गासै रोखोमनि खाजाखौ हाखुदाखु-जानो जागायनो नाङा मानोना सिनि थाखोआ सम गैयालासे मानखोगोन। There are many patients who do not bother to restrict their diet and keep on taking drugs. गोबां बेरामिफोर दं जाय बिसोरनि खाजा होबथानाय खस्थलाया आरो मुलैफोर लानायाव नांथाबो। If they go for a celebration they try to counter the sugar increase by swallowing a tablet. जुदि बिसोर मोनसे फोरबो-फालिथायनि थाखाय थाङो सिनिनि बारायनायखौ गरसे बोरिमुलि मननानै बिसोर दानगारनो नाजायो। Restrict your diet to bring down the sugar level to normal, supplement it with a drug if sugar level is still too high. नोंनि सिनि थाखोखौ सरासनस्रासिम गाहायाव लाबोनो नोंनि खाजाखौ होबथा, जुदि सिनि थाखोआ दासिमबो जोबोर गोबां बेखौ मुलैजों दाजाबदेरफा। If you depend on drugs only, these will shorten life and cause harm. नों जुदि मुलैफोरनि सायावल’ सोनारो, बेफोर जिवखौ सुंहोयो आरो खहा सोमजिहोयो। It is better than having a heart attack or cancer ailments which hardly give any time to mend the ways, even if you are willing to do so. मैखुन गाग्लोबथि एबा केन्सार बेरामफोर थानायनिख्रुय बेयो मोजांसिन जाय जायखिजाया समावनो गोब्राबै राहाफोर फोसाबनो होयो, जुदिबोसो नों बिदि मावनो हायो। Bowels should move well and if needed plain water enema can be used. बिबु-बिख्लोफोरा मोजाङै दोरोदनांगौ आरो गोनां जायोब्ला गलायदेरि दै इनेमाया बाहायजानो हायो। The response to the diet in the lowering of blood sugar is faster. थै सिनिखौ खमायनायाव खाजानि फिनजाथाया गोख्रै। The weight loss is a source of moral support to patients and they are motivated easily. लिरथाय खमायनाया बेरामिफोरनो गोसोआरि हेफाजाबनि फुंखा आरो बिसोर गोरलैयै थुलुंगाहोजायो। As the patient loses weight the production of glucose by the liver is slowed down. जेब्ला बेरामिया लिरथाय खमायो बिखाजों ग्लुकस दिहुननाया लासै जायो। Insulin resistance comes down with the increase in the number of insulin receptors. इनसुलिन होबथानाया इनसुलिन नाजावग्रानि बिबां बांनायजों गाहायाव फैयो। The insulin action becomes more effective and the secretion of beta cells is increased. इनसुलिन मावथाया बांसिन गोहोमगोनां जाया आरो बेता जिबख्रिफोरनि सिगारनाया बांहोजायो। When the patient is given a low calorie diet, the calories are distributed throughout the day, evenly in major meals. जेब्ला बेरामिया खम केलरि खाजा होजायो, केलरिफोरआ गुबै खाजाफोराव समानै साननाङैनो रानजायो। The body should not be loaded with calories in one meal. देहाया मोनसे खाजायाव केलरिफोरजों बजायजानाङा। This is essential as the metabolic activity of the body is impaired in diabetes. देहानि रसायन-जाथाय मावथाया डायबेतिसजों खहा-खालामजायो महरै बेयो गोनांथार। If the blood sugar is high, insulin or other anti-diabetic drugs may be needed and then the time of meals should be adjusted according to medication. जुदि थै सिनिया गोबां, इनसुलिन एबा गुबुन हेंथा-डायबेतिस-गोनां मुलैफोरआ गोनां जानो-हागौ आरो अल्बा मुलैजानाय बादियै खाजाफोरनि समआ गोरोबहोजानांगौ। The quantity of the drug is gradually reduced as the blood sugar level goes down and in most cases it can be completely withdrawn. जेब्ला थै सिनि थाखोआ गाहायाव थाङो मुलैनि बिबाङा लासैलासै खमायजायो आरो बांसिन बिथिङाव बेयो आबुङै बोखारजानो हागौ। A regular check of blood sugar level and regular consultation with a physician will be necessary for this purpose. थै सिनि थाखोनि नेमबादि नायसंनाय आरो सासे देहा-फाहामगिरिजों नेमबादि सावरायथाया बे थांखिनि थाखाय गोनां जागोन। In adult diabetics, the insulin secretion is still present and as the low calorie diet proceeds in, it can be stimulated further and the need of the drug will no more be necessary. बैसोगोरा डायबेतिस-गोनांनियाव, इनसुलिन सिगारनाया दासिमबो नुजाथियो आरो खम केलरि खाजाया जै आवगायो, बेयो आरोबाव सोमजिहोजानो हायो आरो मुलैनि गोनांथिया आरोबाव गोनां जानाय नङा। Carbohydrates should be spread throughout the day in all meals and liberal quantities of all fruits including dates and bananas could be added, if sugar levels are not very high. कारबहायद्रेदफोरआ गासै खाजाफोराव साननाङैनो गोसारहोजानांगौ आरो खेजुरफोर आरो थालिरफोरखौ लाफानानै गुवार बिबांनि गासै फिथाइफोरआ दाजाबजानो हागौ, जुदि सिनि थाखोआ जोबोर गोबां नङा। Take plenty of complex starches, found in small quantities in lentils and plenty in rice, wheat and potatoes. मुसुर-दालिफोराव इसे बिबांफोर आरो ओंखाम, आता आरो आलुवाव थोजासे मोननाय जथाय फुरजा-मुवानि थोजासे ला। You are allowed to have potatoes, wheat and rice even if you are a diabetic. नों डायबेतिस-गोनांब्लाबो नों गोखै-फानथावफोर, आता आरो ओंखाम जानो होजायो। Root vegetables need not be restricted at all. रोदा मैगंफोरआ फुरायै हेंथाहोनो गोनां नङा। Fruits can be taken in plenty, they hardly play any role in raising the blood sugar level and they do not need insulin for their metabolism Fructose (sugar found in fruits) is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract more slowly than sugar and is taken up and metabolised by liver. फिथाइफोरखौ थोजासे लानो हायो, बेफोर थै सिनि थाखो बांहोनायाव जायखिजाया बिफाव खमै लायो आरो बेफोरनि रसायन-जाथाय फ्रुकतसनि थाखाय बेफोर इनसुलिन गोनां जाया (फिथाइफोराव मोननाय सिनिया) सिनिनिख्रुय बांसिन लासैयै उदै-बिबुवारि लामानिफ्राय सोबखांजायो आरो लाजायो आरो बिखाजों रसायन-जाथाय खालामजायो। By this non-insulin dependent mechanism the liver fructose is ultimately converted into glycogen and triglycerides. बे इनसुलिन-नङि सोनारथाय जिब-दाथायजों बिखा फ्रुकतसआ जोबथियाव ग्लिकजेन आरो त्रायग्लिसाराइडसिम बारस्लाहोजायो। You can be liberal with fruits even sweet fruits like grapes, chikoos and mangoes. नों फिथाइफोरजों गोसोगुवार जानो हायो, गोदै फिथाइफोर जेरै आंगुरफोर, चिकुफोर आरो थायजौफोर। If you eat apples or carrots you are taking in a lot of fibres along with the juice. नों जिदि आफेलफोर एबा गाजरफोर जायो नों बिदैजों लोगोसे गोबां बेजेफोर लागासिनो दं। A few carrots or apples will give you ample supply of fibres for the whole day. इसे गाजरफोर एबा आफेलफोरआ गासै साननि थाखाय एग्रेबाग्रे बेजे जगायनाय होगोन। Fibres should be plenty in the diet; they are the constituent of food which the body does not absorb. खाजायाव बेजेया एग्रेबाग्रे जानांगौ; बेफोर आदारनि थाफादेर जायखौ देहाया सोबखाङा। They are plenty in green salads, vegetables, fruits, in bran of rice and husk of wheat, also in unrefined carbohydrates and complex starches. बेफोर गोथां सालाडफोर, मैगंफोर, फिथाइफोर, मायरंनि जुजाय आरो गुमनि साबायाव एग्रेबाग्रे, सोदाङि कारबहाड्रेद आरो जेथो मारफोरावबो। The sugar raising quality of carbohydrates is much reduced if there are plenty of fibres. कारबहायड्रेदफोरनि सिनि बांनाय गुनआ गोबां खमायहोजायो जुदि बिहाय एग्रेबाग्रे बेजेफोर दं। The fibre is a friend of the digestive system It forms a gel in the digestive system which slows down the absorption of sugar. बेजेया दोगोन बिखान्थिनि लोगो बेयो दोगोन बिखान्थियाव मोनसे जेल दायो जाय सिनिनि सोबखांनायखौ लासै खालामो। It cuts down the absorption of fats and so the bowels move speedily and clearly. बेयो मेजेमफोरनि सोबखांनायखौ खमायो आरो बेखायनो बिबुफोरआ गेख्रैयै आरो रोखायै दोरोदो। The first man to advocate fibre was Dr John Harvey Kellog, founder of Battle Greek Sanatorium, Michigan, and U.S.A. बेजेखौ थुलुंगानाय गिबि मानसिया ड°. जहन हारबि केलं, बेतेल ग्रीक सानतरियाम, मिचिगन, आरो आ.जु.हा. नि गायसनगिरि। He was struck by the fact that few diseases common in the west were not common in third world countries, like diabetes and heart diseases. बियो थारजों लोगोमोनलायदोंमोनदि सोनाबाव इसेलथार सरासनस्रा बेरामफोरआ थामथि मुलुग हादोरफोराव सरासनस्रा नङा जेरै डायबेटिस आरो मैखुन बेराम। He concluded that the growing consumption of refined sugar and white bread was responsible for it. बियो थिखालामदोंमोनदि सोदांनाय सिनि आरो गुफुर आताखौ जानायनि बारायनाया बेनि थाखाय दायनिगिरि। Refining carbohydrates has several consequences, one of which is the removal of fibres. कारबहायड्रेदफोर सोदांनायहा गोबां गोहोफोर दं, जायनि मोनसेया बेजेनि बोखारनाय। This has an undesirable effect on the digestive and circulatory systems. दोगोनारि आरो दिंखनारि बिखान्थिफोराव बेहा मोनसे गोनांनङि गोहोम दं। Gastric emptying is delayed and overall absorption and digestion of carbohydrates is slowed down. गेसत्रिक लांदां-खालामनाया बावहोजायो आरो कारबहायड्रेदनि गासै सोबखांनाय आरो दोगोन-खालामनाया लासै-खालामजायो। In the Indian diet high carbohydrates and high fibres are naturally available. भारतारि खाजायाव गोबां कारबहायड्रेद आरो गोबां बेजेया मिथिंगायारियै मोननोहाथाव। This is why the Indian diet is far superior to that of the westerners for the prevention of many diseases. बेखायनो गोबां बेराम होबथानायनि थाखाय भारतारि खाजाफोरआ बैफोर सोनाबारिफोरनिख्रुय जोबोर साबसिन। Several adaptations to food health requirements are to be made here and there. खाजायाव गोबां आरजाथायफोर सावस्रि गोनांथिनायफोरा जेरावनो मेरावनो खालामजानांगौ। The average Indian diet contains 60% carbohydrates, 20% proteins and 20% fats. गड़ भारतारि खाजायाव 60% कारबहायड्रेदफोर, 20% प्रतिनफोर आरो 20% मेजेमफोर थाफायो। It shows that high carbohydrates-high fibre diet is ideal for diabetes. बेयो दिनथियोदि गोबां कारबहायड्रेदफोर – गोबां बेजे खाजाया डायबेतिसनि थाखाय नेरसोनगोनां। The Indian diet is mostly vegetarian and cereal based. भारतारि खाजाया बांसिनै मैगंआरो आरो सिरेल गाहाय। In the western diet the fibre content has to be increased by adding gaur gum, bran and other sources of fibre, but the Indian dietary pattern, cereals and pulses is a natural source of high fibre. सोनाबारि खाजायाव गर आथा, साबा आरो बेजेनि गुबुन फुंखाफोर दाजाबदेरनानै बेजे थाथाया बारायहोजानांगौ, नाथाय भारतारि खाजायारि दाथाय, सिरेलफोर आरो बेगर-मैगंफोरआ गोबां बेजेनि मिथिंगायारि फुंखा। We only need to stop refining food, stop using white flour (Maida) and sugar which is refined food with no fibres. जों खालि सोदांनाय आदारखौ दबथायनो गोनां, गुफुर आता (मैदा) आरो सिनि बाहायनायखौ दबथायनो गोनां जाय आदारखौ बेजे गैयालासे सोदाङो। All non-vegetarian foods do not contain fibres. गासै आमिजारि खाजाफोरआ बेजेफोर थाफादेरा। So a vegetarian diet is better for diabetes. बेखायनो मैगंआरि खाजाया डायबेतिसनि थाखाय साबसिन। Extra large quantities of salads, green vegetables, wheat with bran and impounded rice are strongly recommended. उफेरा गोबां बिबांफोरनि सालादफोर, गोथां मैगंफोर, साबा गोनां गुम आरो संरैखाथिनाय मायरंआ गोख्रोङै बोसोनहोथाव। The West is suffering the most because the diet consists of less fibre. सोनाबहाया बांसिन भुगिगासिनो दं मानोना खाजाया इसेल बेजे थाफानाय। The diet has non-vegetarian foods (no fibre) fats (no fibres), milk products (no fibre) and sugar (no fibre). खाजाहा आमिजारि आदारफोर (बेजे गैयि) मेजेमफोर (बेजे गैयि), गायखेर दिहुनथायफोर (बेजे गैयि) आरो सिनि (बेजे गैयि) दं। Children and pregnant mothers need not take high fibre diet. खुदियाफोर आरो दोरसि बिमाफोरआ गोबां बेजे खाजा लानो गोनांथि गैया। Children and pregnant mothers need more nutrition and fibre food is only high bulk food. खुदियाफोर आरो दोरसि बिमाफोरनो गोनां बांसिन पुष्टायु आरो बेजे आदारआ गोबां बाहागोनि आदारल। To guide a patient regarding his diet to which he will adhere for life is a complex job. सासे जब्राखौ बिनि खाजानि सोमोन्दै दिथा-होनाया मोनसे जेथो खामानि जायजों बियो जिवनि थाखाय साबजाथाव-जागोन। This will need considering the life style, economic status, food preferences and social pressures. बेयो जिव खुं-आदब, रांखान्थि थाखोमान, आदार फसायनायफोर आरो समाजारि नारसिनथायखौ गनायनायनि गोनां जागोन। This will also need special training on the part of a physician to guide his patient to the satisfactory goal which is when the patient can eat to his taste and satisfaction. बेयो सासे देहाफाहामगिरिनि बाहागोआव बिनि बेरामिखौ गोजोनथाव थांखिसिम बोसोन-होनो जरखा फोरोंथायनिबो गोनां जागोन जाय बेरामिया जेब्ला बिनि थावनाय आरो गोजोनखौ जानो हायो। The doctor is then happy that he could include a diet where the fibre content is large. डाकतरआ अब्ला सुखिदि बियो मोनसे खाजा लाफानो हादोंमोन जेराव बेजे थाफाथाया गोबां। Stress can be a causative factor for diabetes. सिन्थाया डायबेटिसनि थाखाय सोमजिहोग्रा थानदै। Stress increases the sugar level in the blood in the diabetics. सिन्थाया डायबेटिसाव थैनि सिनि थाखोखौ बांहोयो। Due to stress, the hypothalamus in the brain is stimulated, which in turn stimulates the pituitary gland. सिन्थानि जाहोनाव, मेलेमाव हायपथेलामासआ सांग्रां-खालामजायो, जाय बदलाव पितुयतेरि ग्लेण्डखौ सांग्रां-खालामो। Modern life is full of stress and strain and the relaxation techniques will help the diabetics. गोदान जिवआ सिन्था आरो मेंनायजों आबुं आरो जिरायनायनि सोलोफोरआ डायबेटिसखौ हेफाजाब-होयो। There is always the production of insulin in the pancreas. अग्नासयाव जेब्लाबो इनसुलिननि दिहुनथाय दं। But either it is insufficient or it is not effective due to the formation of antibodies. नाथाय बेयो थोजासे नङा नङाब्ला बेयो हेंथा-देहानि दाथायनि जाहोनाव गोहोमगोनां नङा। They can be controlled in most cases by diet and exercises only. गोबां बिथिंफोराव बेफोरखौ खाजा आरो व्यामफोरजोंल’ दबथायनो हायो। There are other conditions where the production of insulin may completely cease as in the case of cancer and infection of pancreas. बैहाय गुबुन थासारिबो दं जेराव इनसुलिननि सोमजिथाया केनसार आरो आमायथुनि सनदेरनाय बिथिङाव बादि आबुङै जिरायथनो हागौ। Here the patient will need insulin along with diet control. बेहाय बेरामिया खाजा दबथायनायजों लोगोसे इनसुलिननि गोनां जागोन। In a few cases, diabetes may develop in childhood, juvenile diabetes. इसेल’ बिथिंफोराव, डायबेटिसआ उनदैयाव जौगानो हागौ, बैसोगोरलै डायबेटिस। So the diet must have sufficient calories. बेखायनो खाजाहा थोजासे केलरिफोर थाथारनांगौ। They cannot be controlled without insulin. इनसुलिन गैयालासे बेफोरखौ दबथायनो हाया। The insulin injection and food timings are so adjusted that the intake of food coincides with the optimum level of drugs in the blood. इनसुलिन बिजि आरो खाजा समफोरआ एरैबादि गोरोबनायदि खाजा जानाया थैयाव मुलैफोरनि थि-सम थाखोजों लोगोमोनलायफ्लाङो। These patients are much fewer in number than those with diabetes mellitus. बेफोर बेरामिफोरआ अनजिमायाव बैफोर डायबेटिस मिलितास गोनांनिख्रुय गोबां खमसिन। Diabetes mellitus affects 2-4% of the total population, whereas 2% of the total diabetic patients are juvenile diabetics. डायबेटिस मिलितासआ गासै सुबुं-सानखोनि 2-4% खौ गोहोम-खोख्लैयो, फारसेथिं गासै डायबेटिस-गोनां बेरामिफोरनि 2% आ बैसोगोरलै डायबेटिस। Juvenile diabetes, if uncontrolled, can develop into ketosis. बैसोगोरलै डायबेटिसआ, जुदि दबथायजायि, केतसिससिम जौगानो हायो। In extreme insulin insufficiency ketone bodies are released in blood and there by pass out in urine. बांद्राय इनसुलिनआव थोजासे-नङि केतन देहाफोरआ थैयाव हगारजायो आरो बिहाय हासुदैजों बाहेराव एरायलाङो। Such a patient feels unwell, may develop nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain. बिदि बेरामिफोरआ मोजां-मोनि मोनदाङो, गोबाल’ आरो गोबानाय आरो उदैयारि सानाय मोननो हागौ। Subsequently he becomes drowsy and goes into coma. उनावहाय बियो उनदुरोमारोमि जायो आरो कमायाव थाङो। The condition is fatal if left untreated. थासारिया थैहोयो जुदि जोथोन-लायालासे नागारजायो। The hope that these drugs would be a salvation diminished. आसा दंदि बेफोर मुलैफोरा सिगारनाय खमिहोनाय जागोन। These drugs should be given only when diet and exercise have failed to control the disease. बेफोर मुलैफोरआ खाजा आरो ब्यामआ बेरामखौ दबथायनो फेलें जाबायब्लाल’ होजानांगौ। In severe diabetes, insulin is given at least initially and then switched over to oral drugs. गोख्रों डायबेटिसाव, इनसुलिनआ खमैबो जागायनायै होजानांगौ आरो बेनि-उनाव खुगायारि मुलैफोरनि सायाव बेखेवनांगौ। Insulin is given by injection, just under the skin. इनसुलिनआ बिगुरनि सिङावल’ बेजिजों होजायो। It is short or long acting and can be combined in one injection so that it will be sufficient for a whole day. बेयो गुसुं एबा गोलाव मावथाय आरो मोनसे बेजियावनो दाजाबजानो हायो जाहाथे बेयो गासै सान मोनसेनि थाखाय थोजासे जागोन। In diabetes insipidus, the pituitary gland or hypothalamus, a part of the brain, does not function normally. डायबेटिस इनसिपिदासाव, मेलेमनि मोनसे बाहागो, पितुइतेरि ग्लेण्ड एबा हायपथेलामासआ मोजाङै खामानि मावा। The leading cause of death in India is diabetes mellitus. भारताव थैनायनि दावगाफुनाय जाहोना डायबेटिस मिलितास। The body of a diabetic person cannot make a normal use of sugar, and so sugar builds up in the blood. सासे डायबेटिस-गोनां मानसिनि देहाया सिनिनि सरासनस्रा बाहायनाय खालामनो हाया, आरो बेखायनो सिनिया थैयाव जौगायो। The kidneys discharge some of the excess sugar in the urine. किदनिफोरआ बांद्राय सिनिफोरनि खायसे हासुदैयाव हगारो। In severe cases of diabetes, fats and proteins cannot also be used normally. डायबेटिसनि गोख्रों बिथिंफोराव, मेजेमफोर आरो प्रटिनफोरखौबो मोजाङै बाहायनो हाया। Most physicians once believed that all cases of diabetes were caused by a lack of the hormone - insulin - which is produced in the pancreas and enables the body to use and store sugar. बांसिन देहा-फाहागिरिफोरानो खनसे फोथायदोंमोनदि डायबेटिसनि गासै बिथिंफोरनि हरमन – इनसुलिननि आंखालजों सोमजिहोजायो – जाय बिबु-बिख्लोआव सोमजियो आरो देहाखौ सिनि बाहायनो आरो दोनथुमनो हाहोयो। Many diabetics especially those who become diabetic, after the age of 40, have normal or even above normal production of insulin. गोबां डायबेटिस-गोनांफोरहा जरखायै बैसोर जाय 40 बैसोनि उनाव डायबेटिस-गोनां जायो, सरासनस्रा एबा सरासनस्रानिबो सायाव इनसुलिननि दिहुनथाय दं। Symptoms of diabetes are excessive urination, great thirst, hunger and loss of weight and strength. डायबेटिसनि लैखोनफोरआ जादों बांद्राय हासुनाय, जोबोर गांनाय, उखैनाय आरो लिरथाय आरो गोख्रोंथि खमायनाय। The "Type I" diabetes strikes some people so suddenly that the lack of insulin causes an emergency condition called diabetic ketoacidosis. “’टाइप I” डायबेटिसआ खायसे सुबुंखौ एरैबादि हरखाबै गाग्लोबोदि इनसुलिननि आंखालआ डायबेटिक केतएसिडसिस बुंनाय मोनसे गोनांथार थासारि सोमजिहोयो। There is excessive urination, thirst, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and difficulty in breathing. बेहाय बांद्राय हासुनाय, गांनाय, उखैनाय खमायनाय, गोबाल’नाय, गोबानाय आरो हांलानाय-हगारनायाव गोब्राबथि दं। If the victim is not treated promptly, he may go into diabetic coma, with fatal results. जुदि बुलि-जाग्राया गोख्रैयै जोथोनलाजाया, बियो थैनायनि फिथाइजों डायबेटिस-गोनां कमायाव थांनो हागौ। Most "Type I" diabetics follow carefully planned diets consisting of measured amounts of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. बांसिन “टाइप I” डायबेटिस-गोनांफोरआ कारबहायड्रेदफोर, मेजेमफोर आरो प्रटिनफोरनि थि बिबां थानाय जोथोनै बिथांखिनाय खाजाफोर उनसं। The "Type II" diabetes can be controlled by a diet low in calories. “टाइप II” डायबेटिसखौ केल’रिफोर खम खाजाजों दबथायनो हायो। The nerves can be affected by diabetes leading to a loss of feeling or abnormal sensations in different parts of the body. स्नायुफोरआ देहानि गुबुन-गुबुन बाहागोफोराव मोनदांथि एबा सरासनस्रा-नङि मोनदांथिफोर गोमानायसिम दैदेननाय डायबेटिसजों गोहोमखोख्लैजायो। It can cause strokes, heart failure or gangrene. बेयो स्त्रकस, मैखुन फेलें एबा सेवलांनाय सोमजिहोनो हायो। The affluent western world has more cases of diabetes than the third world countries. धोनि सोनाबारि मुलुगहा थामथि मुलुग हादोरफोरनिख्रुय बांसिन डायबेटिसनि जाथायफोर दं। Urban population has more cases of diabetes than the rural population. सोहोरारि सुबुं-सानखोहा गामियारि सुबुं-सानखोनिख्रुय बांसिन डायबेटिसनि जाथायफोर दं। The urban rich have more victims than the urban poor. सोहोरारि धोनिफोरहा सोहोरारि निखावरिनिख्रुय बांसिन बुलि-जाग्राफोर दं। Diabetes mellitesis is derived from the word mellitus which means honey. डायबेटिस मिलितेसिसआ मिलितास सोदोबनिफ्राय फैनाय जायनि ओंथिया बेरेमोदै। So the name diabetes mellitus is given because the urine is sweet like honey. बेखायनो डायबेटिस मिलितास सोदोबआ होजायो मानोना हासुदैया बेरे-मोदै बादि गोदै। The glucose level in the urine and in the blood is high. हासुदैयाव आरो थैयाव ग्लुकस थाखोआ गोबां। This occurs when the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin due to antibodies which are formed in the blood which interfere with the normal functioning of insulin. बेयो नुजायो जेब्ला बिबु-बिख्लोआ हेंथादेहानि जाहोनाव थोजासे इनसुलिन दिहुननो फैमाल-जायो जायफोर थैयाव दाजायो जाय इनसुलिननि सरासनस्रा खामानियाव आखाय-होयो। In either case there is a high level of glucose in the blood. मोननैबो बिथिङाव थैयाव ग्लुकसनि गोजौ थाखो दं। When we consume more sugar, more insulin is produced to check the blood sugar and does not let it go higher than normal level. जेब्ला जों बांसिन सिनि जायो, थै सिनिखौ नायसंनो बांसिन इनसुलिन सोमजिहोजायो आरो बेखौ सरासनस्रा थाखोनिख्रुय जौसिन थांनो होआ। If the pancreas is overburdened for a long time due to increased consumption of sugar it starts failing. बिबु-बिख्लोआ सिनि जानाय बांनायनि जाहोनाव गोबाव समनि थाखाय बां-बजा-होजायोब्ला बेयो फेलेंजानो जागायो। Some volunteers were given a high sugar diet for 14 days and in one-third of the number the insulin level in the blood rose. खायसे मावसुमाफोरा 14 सानफोरनि थाखाय गोबां सिनि खाजा होजादोंमोन आरो अनजिमानि थाम बाहागोनि सेनियाव थैयाव इनसुलिन थाखोआ बांदोंमोन। It proved that there is a group of people who are more prone to diabetes if they consume more sugar. बेयो फोरमान-होदोंमोनदि बेहाय सुबुंफोरनि मोनसे हानजा दं जायफोर बांसिन डायबेटिस जानो-हाथाव जुदि बिसोर गोबां सिनि जायो। Few have a high glucose level and it is easy to identify them When there is early diabetes and the glucose level is not so high. इसेल’थारहा गोबां ग्लुकस थाखो दं आरो बेफोरखौ सिनायनो गोरलै जेब्ला बिहाय सिगांग्रो डायबेटिस दं आरो ग्लुकस थाखोआ एसेबां गोजौ नङा। Blood and urine are tested for glucose early in the morning before food. थै आरो हासुदैया खाजानि आगोल बेरे फुंजायावनो ग्लुकसनि थाखाय आनजाद-नायजायो। Later 75 grams of glucose is given through the mouth and blood samples collected at half hourly intervals for 2 hours. उनाव 75 ग्रामफोर ग्लुकसआ खुगानि गेजेरजों होजायो आरो थै नेरसोन-दिन्थिफोरआ 2 घनताफोरनि थाखाय खावसे घनतायारियै थाद’थायफोरजों बुथुमजायो। Our Professor of Medicine, at the college, Dr B .K . Gupta stressed in his opening remarks on diabetes "if you know diabetes you know your medicine". फरायसालिमायाव जोंनि मुलैनि प्रफेसार, ड° बि. के. गुप्ताया बिनि बिबेखेवथि बिबुंथियाव डायबेटिसनि सायाव नारसिनदोंमोन “नों डायबेटिसखौ मिथियोब्ला नों नोंनि मुलैखौ मिथिगौ”। Diabetes can aggravate any disease of the body, cause complications and make it more difficult to cure. डायबेटिसआ देहानि जायखिजाया बेरामखौ गाज्रिसिन खालामनो हायो, जेथोगोनां जाहोयो आरो बेखौ फाहामनो बांसिन गोब्राब खालामो। Diabetes generally appears as polyuria (frequent urination), you may have to get up a few times for urination at night, polydipsia (increased thirst). डायबेटिसआ सरासनस्रायै पलिउरिया (गलेगले हासुनाय) महरै नुजायो, नों हराव हासुनायनि थाखाय हराव इसेल’ समफोर सिखारनांनो हागौ, पलिदिपसिया (गांनायखौ बांहोयो)। You may lose weight in spite of normal or increased appetite. उखैनाया सरासनस्रा एबा बांसेयावबो नों लिरथाय खमायनो हागौ। You may have aches and pains in the body, weakness, a boil or carbuncle of skin which does not heal rapidly. नोंहा देहायाव कस्थ आरो सानायफोर, बिगुरनि गोदौग्लाबनाय एबा खामग्लाबनाय थानो हागौ जाय थाबै हामआ। You may have variety of infections like tuberculosis, infection of kidney (pyelonephritis). नों रोखोम-रोखोम सनदेरथायफोर मोननो हागौ जेरै तिउबारकुलसिस, किदनिनि सनदेरनाय (पाइलनिफ्रितिस)। You may have retinal detachment or even loss of vision, may develop infection in the feet which may turn into gangrene and require amputation if the disease is not checked at an early stage. नों रेतिनायारि गुगानाय एबा नुनाय गोमानायबो मोननो हागौ, आथिंफोराव सनदेरनाय जौगानो हागौ जाय सेवनायाव सोलायलांनो हागौ आरो सारजारि-बिखान्थि गोनांजायो जुदि बेरामा गिबि थाखोआव नायसंजाया। There is an increase in still births of pregnant women in a diabetic condition. डायबेटिस थासारियाव दोरसि आयजोफोरनि थैखानाय जोनोमहोथायफोर बांनाय दं। Diabetes can complicate arthritis. डायबेटिसआ जरा-आलौनाय जेथो-फोनांनो हायो। You name any problem of the body and diabetes could be there to complicate the situation. नों देहानि जायखिजाया जेंना मुं-हो आरो डायबेटिसा थासारिखौ जेथो-फोनांनो बिहाय थानोहागौ। It is always essential to check for diabetes if a person is suffering from any ailment and is not recovering fast, particularly approaching when 40 check for diabetes every year. सासे मानसिया जायखिजाया बेरामाव भुगिगासिनो दं आरो गोख्रै हामाखैब्ला डायबेटिसनि थाखाय नायसंनाया जेब्लाबो गोनांथार, जेब्ला जर’खायै बोसोरफ्रोमबो डायबेटिसनि थाखाय 40 खेब नायसंनाय मोगा-मोगि-जायो। Diabetes can be treated effectively with the co-operation of the patient. डायबेटिसखौ बेरामिनि हेफाजाब-लालायनायजों गोहोम-गोनाङै जोथोन-लानो हायो। If you have a high glucose level in the urine and the blood, the first most important thing to do is to control the diet. नोंहा हासुदै आरो थैयाव गोबां ग्लुकस थाखो दंब्ला, गिबि जोबोर गोनां मावनो-गोनां मुवाया जादों खाजा दबथायनाय। Cut down sugar completely if you are a clear cut diabetic case. सिनिखौ आबुङै खमाय जुदि नोंहा रोखा डायबेटिस जाथाय दं। This will bring down the sugar level to some extent. बेयो सिनि थाखोखौ इसे बिबां खमायगोन। Now the per consumption has reached 90 kg. per head in UK and 80 kgs. in the USA . दा मोनफ्रोम जानायहा इव.के. याव साफायाव 90 के.जि. आरो इव.एस.ए. याव 80 के.जि.फोर सहैबाय। Eminent professor of nutrition in the London University, Dr John Yudkin said that this great increase in the consumption of sugar has come so quickly, measured on the evolutionary scale, that the humans had no time to adapt to it. लण्डन मुलुग-सोलोंसालियाव पुष्टायुनि मुंदांखा प्रफेसार, ड° जन युदकिनआ बुंदोंमोनदि सिनिनि जानायाव बे गोबां बांनाया एरैबादि गोख्रै फैबाय, फारिजौगायारि सेवारियाव सुबायदि सुबुं-माहारिया बिजों गोरोबनो सम गैयामोन। He infers that due to increased consumption of sugar there is a great increase in heart disease and diabetes. बियो बुजियोदि सिनिनि जानाय बांनायनि जाहोनाव बिहाय मैखुन बेरामफोर आरो डायबेटिसाव गोबां बांनाय दं। During World War I and II the sugar consumption declined due to rationing and there was marked decline in diabetic mortality. मुलुग दावहा Iथि आरो IIथिनि समाव सिनि जानाया दावहा-हेंथानि जाहोनाव खमायदोंमोन आरो डायबेटिस-गोनां थैनायाव खमायनाया नुथाव-जादोंमोन। Nutritionist, Dr Yudkin showed the relationship between the high sugar consumption and diabetes in 22 countries. निउत्रिसनिस्त, ड° युदकिनआ 22 हादोरफोराव गोबां सिनि जानाय आरो डायबेटिसनि गेजेराव सोमोन्दो दिन्थिदोंमोनदि। Since the time sugar and white bread have been introduced the incidence has increased. सिनि आरो गुफुर रुथिया जागायजानाय समनिफ्रायनो जाथाया बांबाय। These refined carbohydrates are pinpointed as causing unprecedented increase in diabetes and heart diseases. बेफोर सोदांनाय कारबहायद्रेदफोरआ डायबेटिस आरो मैखुन बेरामफोराव खोनाफेरि बांनाय सोमजिहोनाय महरै संजाबाय। We have to gear up our energy and try to reverse the process by changing the food habits. जोंहा जोंनि गोहोखौ थियारि-खालामनो आरो खाजा हुदाफोरखौ सोलायनानै बिखान्थिखौ उलथायनो नाजानांगौ। The best part of diabetes is that even if you have it, you can have a normal active prolonged life if you keep tabs on your sugar level through regular check-ups. नोंहा बेयो दंब्लाबो डायबेटिसनि साबसिन बाहागोआ जादों बै, नों मोनसे सरासनस्रा सांग्रां गोलाव जिव मोननो हायो जुदि नों नेमबादि नायसंनायफोरनि गेजेरजों नोंनि सिनि थाखोआव बरिफोर लायो। Diabetes can attack the kidneys, heart or any of the vital organs of the body and cause the end of a useful, productive and purposeful life. डायबेटिसआ किदनिफोर, मैखुन एबा देहानि गोनां अंगफोरनि जायखिजायाखौ गाग्लोबनो हायो आरो बाहायथाव, दिहुनथायारि आरो ओंथिगोनां जिवनि जोबनाय सोमजिहोनो हायो। This can be done by reducing the amount of calories consumed per day. बेयो सानफ्रोम जानाय केल’रिफोरनि बिबांखौ खमायनानै मावजानो हायो। This will help to decrease the sugar level in blood. बेयो थैयाव सिनि थाखोखौ खमायनो हेफाजाब होगोन। Exercise will be an added advantage as it increases the use of calories and the reduction of weight will be faster. ब्यामआ मोनसे बानजायनाय दाजाबदेरनाय जागोन मानोना बेयो केलरिफोरनि बाहायनायखौ खमायो आरो लिरथायनि खमायनाया गोख्रैसिन जागोन। The average amount of calories spent by a sedentary worker is 30 kcal/per kg bodyweight per day. सासे मावथि-नङि मावग्राजों बाहायजानाय केल’रिफोरनि गड़ बिबाङा 30 केल’रि/सानफ्रोमबो मोनफ्रोम केजि देहालिरथाय। If physical activity is increased without changing the diet, the use of calories will go up and the weight will get reduced. खाजाखौ सोलायालासे देहायारि मावथाया बांहोजायोब्ला, केल’रिफोरनि बाहायनाया बांगोन आरो लिरथाया खमायहोजागोन। The fat tissue is an inert mass and does not participate in the activity of the body. मेजेम जिबख्रिया मोनसे समान मोदोमबां आरो देहानि मावथायाव बाहागो लाया। Greater the fat deposit in the body less will be the calorie requirement per kg body weight. देहायाव मेजेम दोनथुमथिया जेसे-गोबां मोनफ्रोम के.जि. देहा लिरथाय केल’रि गोनांथिया खम जागोन। If you take fewer calories than normally required you will reduce the weight. जुदि नों सरासनस्रायै गोनां-जानाय केल’रिनिख्रुय इसेसिन लायो नों लिरथायखौ खमायगोन। It is better to have a slow weight loss for a prolonged period than to reduce drastically in a short period. खम समाव गोख्रोङै खमायनायनिख्रुय मोनसे गोलाव सम-फारिनि थाखाय लासै लिरथाय खमायनाय मोननाया मोजां। If you restrict calories (food) to a modest degree your energy will be maintained, you will be able to carry on your routine work and take exercises also. जुदि नों खम बिबाङाव केल’रि (आदार) होबथायो नोंनि गोहोआ सामलायजागोन, नों नोंनि समफारि खामानि मावगासिनो-थानो आरो ब्यामबो नाजावनो हानाय जागोन। The food taken must be balanced and there should be a good psychological support. लाजानाय खाजाया समानथाय जाथारनांगोन आरो बिहाय मोजां गोसोबिरोंमायारि हेफाजाब थानांगोन। Lower the amount of calories you take, bigger the weight loss. नों लानाय केल’रिफोरनि बिबांखौ खमाय, लिरथाय खमायनायखौ बांहो। The diet should be restricted in calories but it should be full of vitamins and micronutrients. खाजाया केल’रिफोराव होबथाजानांगौ आरो बेयो भितामिनफोर आरो खम-पुष्टिजों आबुं जानांगौ। In an obese person the diet can be a low calorie diet but it should be nutritionally sound. सासे मेजेमगोनां मानसिनियाव खाजाया खम केल’रिनि जानो हायो नाथाय बेयो पुष्टियारियै मोजां जानांगोन। This can be done in a health farm as you can easily get a supportive environment. नों गोरलैयै मोनसे हेफाजाब-गोनां बारहावा मोननो हायो महरै बेयो मोनसे सावस्रि फामुवाव मावजानो हायो। At home there will be a need for a lot of motivation and regular visits to the physician. नवाव बिहाय गोबां थुलुंगाथिनि आरो देहा-फाहामगिरिनिसिम नेमबादि थांनायनि गोनां जागोन। The level of glucose in plasma (the liquid part of the blood) starts going down as soon as we go on calorie restrictive diet, even before significant weight loss. जों केल’रि हेंथागोनां खाजायाव थांनाय लोगो-लोगो ओंथिगोनां लिरथाय खमायनायनि आगोलबोसो प्लाजमायाव (थैनि लाव मुवा बाहागो) ग्लुकसनि थाखोआ गाहायाव थांनो जागायो। The glucose level achieved can be maintained on calorie restricted diet. ग्लुकस थाखो जाफुंसारनाया केल’रि हेंथागोनां खाजाजों सामलायजानो हायो। Generally the diet recommended should have a lot of green vegetables, salads, fruits, sprouted grains, curd, pulses and chapattis. सरासनस्रायै गनायजानाय खाजाहा गोबां गोथां मैगंफोर, सालादफोर, फिथाइफोर, गाजा-बेरनाय बेगर-खाजाफोर, गायखेर-दाखा, सबायफोर आरो चापातिफोर थानांगौ। Concentrated high calorie food should be avoided like cheese, butter, ghee, sweets, samosas, bhajias, sugar, ice creams, cold drinks and alcohol. गोसोहोथाबजानाय बां केल’रि आदारआ नेवसिजानांगौ जेरै गायखेरदाखा, माखन, घिउ, गोदैफोर, साम’साफोर, भाजिफोर, सिनि, बरफ क्रिमफोर, गुसु लोंमुवाफोर आरो फेग्रा-मुवा। Different fruits with sprouted grains on different days for breakfast and salad, green vegetables, curds and chapattis for lunch are ideal. फुंखाजानि थाखाय गुबुनगुबुन सानफोराव गाजा-बेरनाय बेगरआदारफोरजों गुबुन-गुबुन फिथाइफोर आरो सानजौफु-खाजानि थाखाय चालाद, गोथां मैगंफोर, गायखेर-दाखा आरो चापातिफोरआ नेरसोनगोनां। Some fruits in the afternoon or a glass of juice can be taken. बेलासेयाव इसे फिथायइफोर एबा गिलाससे बिदैया लाजानो हागौ। In the mornings you should have a one-hour brisk walk. फुंफोराव नों से-घनता थाजिम थाबायनाय लानांगौ। As you progress, blood pressure will come down. जै नों दावगायो, थै नारथाया गाहायाव फैगोन। Blood cholesterol and glycerides will start falling, moving towards normal levels. थै कलेस्तेरल आरो ग्लिसाराइदफोरआ सरासनस्रा थाखोफोर फारसे दोरोदनानै गोग्लैनो जागायगोन। Relation between the physician and patient is important. देहाफाहामगिरि आरो बेरामिनि गेजेराव सोमोनदोआ गोनांथार। Many patients drop out and are not seen on the next appointment. गोबां बेरामिफोरआ नागारजायो आरो उननि थिसनथायाव नुजाया। A few will do by a deliberate rejection of therapy, but in most cases it is because of less proper understanding of the disease. इसेल’थारआ जोथोन-राहानि सानहाबनाय थासारिजों मावगोन, नाथाय बांसिन बिथिङाव बेयो बेरामनि खम मोजां बुजिनायनि थाखाय। A well run clinic should have a proper record of attendance and issue reminder, if required. मोनसे मोजां सोलिनाय फाहामसालिहा नुजाथिनायनि थि फोरमान आरो गोनां-जायोब्ला आयदा गोसोखांहोग्रा थानांगौ। Diuretics (chlorothiazide and related drugs) are important as they help in the excretion of extra salt from the body. डिउरेतिक (क्लरथियजिद आरो सोमोनदोगोनां मुलैफोर) फोरा गोनांथार मानोना बेफोरो देहानिफ्राय उफेरा संख्रि सिगारनायाव हेफाजाब होयो। The disadvantage with a diuretic is that needed potassium salt is also excreted out simultaneously and must be supplemented with fruit juices or potassium supplements. मोनसे डिउरेतिकजों असुबिदाया जादों बै नांनाय पतासियाम संख्रियाबो खनसेयैनो सिगारहोजायो आरो फिथाइ बिदैफोरजों एबा पतासियाम थाफादेरफोरजों सरदेरजाथारनांगौ। Side effect may cause impotency in men, potassium depletion, rise in uric acid levels, nausea, dizziness, rashes, numbness, pins and needles. उफेरा जाउनआ हौवाफोरनियाव गोहोगैयिथि सोमजिहोनो हागौ, पतासियाम खमायनाय, हासुदैयारि एसिद थाखोफोराव बांनाय, गोबाल’नाय, खर’गिदिंनाय, बिगुर-जारोमथिफोर, थरगैयि, रिमरिम-मोननाय। Beta blockers (practolol and propranolol) reduce the rate and force of the contraction of heart and reduce the cardiac output. मावथाय होबथाग्राफोरआ (प्रेक्तलल आरो प्रप्रेनल) हार आरो मैखुननि नारसिनथायनि गोहोखौ खमायो आरो कारदियाक दिहुनथायखौ खमायो। Side effects may be breathlessness and swelling of the ankles. उफेरा जाउनफोरआ हांथोनो-जानाय आरो हान्थुगिलाफोरनि बुदबनाय जानो हागौ। Long term use may elevate triglycerides and lower high density cholesterol which is good for heart. गोबाव सम बाहायनाया त्रिगलिसिराइडफोर बांहोनो आरो बां रोजाथि कलेस्तेरल खमिहोनो हागौ जाय मैखुननि थाखाय मोजां। The main cause of high blood pressure is constriction of peripheral blood vessels. गोजौ थै नारथायनि गुबै जाहोनआ जादों बेंखन-सिमायारि थै दोफोरनि नारसेबनाय। These drugs help to dilate them and bring down blood pressure. बेफोर मुलैफोरआ बेफोरखौ फेहेरनो हेफाजाब-होयो आरो थै नारथायखौ गाहायाव लाबो। They increase the heart rate and force the contraction of the heart. बेफोर मैखुन हारखौ बांहोयो आरो मैखुननि नारसिननायखौ बोलोहोयो। Side effects are flushing of skin, headaches, palpitation, gastrointestinal disturbances, dizziness and fluid retention. उफेरा जाउनफोरआ जादों बिगुरनि जाहाबनाय, खर’-सानायफोर, गोख्रै-मावथाय, उदै-बिबुवारि खायसोफोर, खर’-गिदिंनाय आरो लावमुवा दोननाय। Centrally acting drugs cause drowsiness, and dry mouth, anaemia, diarrhoea, skin rash and even drug induced fever after 15 days. मिरुवारियै मावनाय मुलैफोरआ थेनथावरोमनाय, आरो रानखां खुगा, एनेमिया, डायेरिया, बिगुर जारोमनाय आरो मुलैफोरा 15 सानफोरनि उनाव लोमजानायबो जाहोयो। Clonidine, in addition to above side effects, may also cause constipation, tremor, sweating and insomnia. गोजौनि उफेरा जाउनफोरनि दाजाबदेरथियाव, क्लनिदाइनआ खि-गोरा-जानाय, खम्फिनाय, गोलोमनाय आरो इनसमनिया सोमजिहोनोबो हागौ। Adrenergic Neuron Blocking drugs are very effective in reducing blood pressure. एड्रिनारजिक निउरन ब्लकिं मुलैफोरआ थै नारथाय खमायनायाव जोबोर गोहोम-गोनां। Ejaculation during sexual intercourse in males may be inhibited. आथोनारि गोरोबलायनाय समाव हौवाफोरनि औरस-गलांनाया होबथाजानो हागौ। It may cause diarrhoea, slow heart rate, weakness and nasal stuffiness. बेयो डायेरिया, लासै मैखुन हार, लोरबांथि आरो गनथङारि नांथानाय सोमजिहोनो हागौ। Reserpine is derived from a plant Raulfia Serpentina used in India for centuries. रिसारपाइनआ भारताव जौथायफोरनि थाखाय बाहायनाय राउलफिया सारपेनतिना लायफांनिफ्राय फैनाय। Side effects are Slow heart rate, aggravation of peptic ulcer, diarrhoea, drowsiness, depression etc. उफेरा जाउनफोरआ लासै मैखुन हार, पेपतिक आलसारनि खायसो, डायेरिया, थेनथावरोमनाय, सिन्था बायदिबायदि। These drugs have a different mode of action and several side effects. बेफोर मुलैफोरहा खामानिनि बायदि-रोखोम राहाफोर आरो गोबां उफेरा जाउनफोर दं। They are quite often given in combination so that their doses can be reduced and thus the side effects. बिसोर जोबोर गले-गले जथायाव होजायो जाहाथे बिसोरनि मुलै-जखाया खमायजानो हायो आरो बिदिनो उफेरा जाउनफोरआ। It will also depend on the age, season, profession of the patient etc. बेयो बेरामिनि बैसो, बोथोर, आरो जिवखुं-राहा बायदि-बायदिनि सायावबो सोनारगोन। Before we start the treatment it should be well understood that it is a lifelong treatment. जों सिकितसा जागायनायनि आगोल बेखौ मोजां बुजिजानांगौदि बेयो जिवगोलाव सिकितसा। If they are stopped, blood pressure will come back to pre-treatment level or even a little more. बेफोर दबथायजायोब्ला, थै नारथाया आगु-सिकितसा एबा इसे बांसिनसोबाव थाखोआव फैफिनगोन। Generally, blood pressure is treated with the hope to prevent a stroke or heart attack. सरासनस्रायै, थै नारथायखौ स्त्रक एबा बिखा गाग्लोबथिखौ होबथानो आसाजों जोथोन-लानाय जायो। Various studies have shown however that it hardly alters the course of terminal disease. गोबां बिजिरथिफोर नुबाय थेवबोदि बेयो जोबनाय बेरामनि फारिखौ गोब्राबै सोलायो। Other drugs, stopped suddenly, may worsen angina pectoris or even cause myocardial infarction. गुबुन मुलैफोर, गोख्रैयै दबथायनाया, एनजायना पेकतरिसखौ गाज्रिसिन-जाहोनो एबा मायकारदियेल इनफार्कसन जाहोनो हागौ। It is important to remember that if we are on a drug for a long time it is always advisable to gradually reduce it and then stop it though it may take weeks or months. बेखौ गोसोखांनो गोनांदि जुदि जों गोलाव समनि थाखाय मोनसे मुलैजों दं, बेखौ लासै-लासै खमायनाया अराय बोसोनहोथाव आरो बेनिउनाव बेखौ बनद-खालाम जदिय बेयाव हाबथाफोर एबा दानफोर लानो हागौ। The benefit of medicinal treatment to reduce high blood pressure is still doubtful in spite of a lot of research. गोजौ थै नारथाय खमायनो मुलैबिगियानारि सिकितसानि मुलाम्फाया गोबां फिन-संजिरसेयावबो दासिमबो गोनोगोथो-गोनां। Hypertension can better be controlled by diet and special relaxation techniques rather than customary medical care. बां-सिनथाया खान्थिबादियारि मुलैबिगियान जोथोननिख्रुय बांसिन खाजा आरो जर’खा जिरायनाय सोलोफोरजों साबसिन सामलायजानो हायो। If we control blood pressure and cannot control the other risk factors like smoking, fat consumption, lack of exercise and tension the results are negative. जों थै नारथायखौ दबथायोब्ला आरो गुबुन गिथाव जाहोनफोर जेरै सोबनाय, मेजेम जानाय, ब्यामनि आंखाल आरो सिन्थाखौ दबथायनो हाया, फिथाइफोरआ दानख’थाय। Medical treatment will do more harm than good if we are only depending on drugs, doing nothing to change the lifestyle. मुलै-बिगियान सिकितसाया मोजांनिख्रुय बांसिन खहा-खालामगोन जुदि जों जिवखुं-आदबखौ सोलायनो जेबो खालामालासे मुलैनि सायावल’ सोनारगासिनो थायो। The West has very clearly understood the invalidity of medicinal treatment in the prevention of a heart attack or stroke. सोनाबारिया मैखुन गाग्लोबथि एबा स्त्रकनि होबथानायाव मुलैयारि सिकितसानि आरजायिखौ जोबोर रोखायै बुजिबाय। Death due to heart attack is common in the west due to affluence and all the luxuries available to them. मैखुन गाग्लोबथिनि जाहोनाव थैनाया सोनाबहा दोहोन आरो बिसोरनो मोननोहाथाव गासै देलायमालायफोरनि जाहोनाव सरासनस्रा। Every year over 3.5 million people die in India due to heart attacks. मोनफ्रोम बोसोराव भारताव 3.5 मिलननि बारा सुबुं मैखुन गाग्लोबथिफोरनि जाहोनाव थैयो। The west has become more health conscious. सोनाबारिया बांसिन सावस्रि सांग्रां जाबाय। The number of people smoking cigarettes is reducing every year. सिकारेतफोर सोबनाय सुबुंनि अनजिमाया बोसोरफ्रोमबो खमायगासिनो दं। They have taken to jogging and eating a lot of fibre foods like salads, fruits and boiled vegetables and cutting down on meats. बिसोर जगिं आरो गोबां बेजे आदार जेरै सालादफोर, फिथाइफोर आरो रुनाय मैगंफोर जानायखौ नाजावबाय आरो बेदरफोर खमायगासिनो दं। For good health's sake, it is time we became conscious of the way of life as medicinal treatment holds little hope. मोजां देहानि हाबिलासनि थाखाय, मुलैयारि सिकितसाया इसेल’थार आसा सामलायो हिसाबै बेयो जोंनि जिवनि राहाखौ सांग्रां जानायनि सम। Cut down sugar, oils (including ghee and butter) salt, white flour, tea and coffee. सिनि, थावफोर (घिउ आरो माखनखौ लाफानानै) संख्रि, गुफुर मैदा, साहा आरो कफिखौ खमाय। This is to help you to urinate more and excrete waste products from the body. बेयो नोंखौ बांसिन हासुहोनाय आरो देहानिफ्राय सिगार मुवाफोरखौ सिगारनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो। A luke warm water enema if you feel constipated is recommended. मोनसे लुक, नों खिगोरा-जानायखौ गनायथाव मोनदाङोब्ला दै एनेमाखौ फुदुं। Exercises increase blood pressure; this is why it is better to start with easy exercises. ब्यामआ थै नारथायखौ बांहोयो; बेखायनो गोरलै ब्यामफोरजों जागायनाया साबसिन। As the body gets used to exercise, blood pressure will be more stable. देहाया जै ब्याम खालामहोजायो, थै नारथाया बांसिन दिदोम जागोन। Exercise will help increase the circulation of blood. ब्यामआ थैनि खारसारथिंनायखौ बांनायाव हेफाजाब-होगोन। There will be less chances of arteries getting blocked, causing heart attack. बेहाय मैखुन गाग्लोबथि सोमजिहोनाय, थैरोदाफोर बनद जानायनि खम खाबुफोर जागोन। A blood vessel in the brain can give way and cause a paralytic shock. मेलेमनि मोनसे थै दोआ राहा होनो हायो आरो मोनसे खुरियायारि संखिथाय जाहोयो। Learn to deal with your business or job effectively if it is causing tension. बेयो जिंगा जाहोगासिनो दंब्ला नोंनि फालांगि आरो खामानिजों गोहोमगोनाङै आखु-बाहायनो सोलों। Try to do the corpse pose (sava-asana) every day, try relaxation techniques. सानफ्रोमबो सह आव-फाव (सभा-आसन) खालामनो नाजा, जिरायनाय सोलोफोर नाजा। Have good quality sleep, at least 8-9 hours every day. मोजां गुननि उनदुनाय ला, खमैबो सानफ्रोमबो 8-9 घनटाफोर। Take 1-2 hours rest in the afternoon after lunch. सानजौफु-खाजानि उनाव बेलासियाव 1-2 घनटाफोर जिरायनाय ला। Whenever you feel uneasy it is always advisable to take a body wash before going to bed if you have problems getting sleep. जेब्लानो नों सुखुयि मोनो एमाव थांनायनि आगोल मोनसे देहा सुस्रांनाय लानाया अरायबो बोसोन-होथाव जुदि नों उनदुनो ओंखारनायाव जेंनाफोर मोनो। Pranayama is good for blood pressure as it ventilates the lungs better and causes relaxation. प्रनयामआ बेयो संफ्लफोरखौ साबसिन बारमोनहोयो आरो जिरायनाय जाहोयो महरै थै नारथायनि थाखाय मोजां। Steam and sauna should not be taken when blood pressure is high. जेब्ला थै नारथाया गोजौ दै गुदुं आरो खफ’ दुगैनाय नाजावनाङा। Anyway, do not take it for a long time, you can take it preferably for more than 3-6 minutes twice a week. जायखिजाया, बेखौ गोबाव सम दा ला, नों बेखौ फसायथावनायै हाबथायाव खेबनैयै 3-6 मिनितफोरनिख्रुय बारा लानो हायो। Massage is good but should be done lightly, should be done in the direction away from the heart. मालिसआ मोजां नाथाय रेजेङै मावजानांगौ, मैखुननिफ्राय गोजान बिथिङाव मावजानांगौ। Take the massage in the sun if it is cold. बेयो गुसुब्ला मालिसखौ सानदुङाव ला। If the diastolic pressure exceeds 104 the chances are 10 times more of getting a stroke than if the diastolic is less than 85 mm of Hg. दायस्तलिक नारथाया 104 खौ बारोब्ला जुदि दायस्तलिका 85 एमएम हेक्टग्रामनिख्रुय खमसिन बेनिख्रुय स्त्रक जानायनि खाबुवा 10 फानफोर बांसिन। Salt and the tongue have been in love with each other for centuries. संख्रि आरो सालाया मोननैबो जौथायफोरनि थाखाय मोजांमोनलायनायव दंबोगासिनो दं। The tongue is so much used to salty taste that to separate the two is to make lives salt less, a proverb commonly used to indicate that all pleasures have departed from life. सालाया एरैबादि गोबाब थावनायजों गोबां हुदाजानायदि मोननैखौ जुदा-खालामनाया जिवफोरखौ संख्रि-गैयि खालामनाय, बेखौ फोरमायनो सरासनस्रायै मोनसे बाथ्रा-भाव बाहायोदि गासै गोजोनफोरानो जिवनिफ्राय नागारलांबाय। Those who, as a matter of habit, consume more salt have a higher average blood pressure than those who consume less salt. बैसोरहा जायफोर हुदानि जाथायबादियै, गोबां संख्रि जायो बैसोर जायफोर खमसिन संख्रि जयोनिख्रुय गड़ बांसिन थै नारथाय दं। Too much sodium, an unwanted ingredient in salt, is the principal cause of high blood pressure. संख्रियाव नाङि थाफादेर, जोबोर बांद्राय सडियामा, गोजौ थै नारथायनि गाहाय जाहोन। Too much sodium also causes the body to excrete much needed potassium salts. जोबोर बांद्राय सडियामआ देहाखौ बांसिन गोनां पतासियाम संख्रिफोरखौ सिगारनायबो जाहोयो। The load on the kidneys increases when we take in more salt. किडनिफोरनि बिबानआ बाङो जेब्ला जों गोबां संख्रि आजावो। Salt helps to retain water in the body. संख्रिया देहायाव दै लाखिनो हेफाजाब-होयो। Now it is clearly acknowledge that more salt is injurious to health. दा बेयो रोखायै सिनायजायोदि गोबां संख्रिया सावस्रिनो खहागोनां। Cutting down on salt will bring down blood pressure. संख्रि खमायनाया थै नारथायखौ गाहायाव लाबोगोन। It affects the walls of the arteries and makes them more sensitive to stimulation. बेयो थै-रोदाफोरनि इनजुरफोराव गोहोम-खोख्लैयो आरो बिफोरखौ गोसो-दुंनायाव बांसिन थरगोनां खालामो। Generally, the palate is conditioned to salty foods. सरासनस्रायै, थालोआ संख्रै-गोबाब आदारफोरजों थि-खालामजायो। Instead, use herbs like dhania leaves pudina leaves and curry leaves and mild spices, like onion, garlic, radish or even mild masala like jeera, dhania, haladi and mustard seeds etc. बदलाव, मुलै-लायफांफोर जेरै दुनदिया बिलायफोर, पुदिना बिलायफोर आरो एंख्रै बिलायफोर आरो जखानि मसलाफोर जेरै सामब्राम-गोजा, हायजें, मुला एबा जखानि मसलाबो जेरै जिरा, दुनदिया, हालदै आरो जानाय-थाव बेगरफोर बायदि-बायदि बाहाय। Avoid processed food and pickles which are known to have too much salt. बिखानथिनाय आदार आरो आसारफोर नेवसि जायखौ जोबोर बांद्राय संख्रि दं होनना मिथियो। Slow moving rural folk, who are in close contact with nature, have fewer problems with blood pressure. लासै दोरोदनाय गामियारि सरासनस्रा-सुबुंहा, जाय मिथिंगाजों आंगो सोमोनदोआव दं, थै नारथायजों इसेल’थार जेंनाफोर दं। A study of Pacific Islanders showed that the group in closer contact with the modern ways of society has higher blood pressure than those found in communities from where they migrated. प्रसान्त दीपारिफोरनि मोनसे बिजिरनाया दिनथिदोंमोनदि समाजनि गोदान राहाफोरजों आंगो सोमोनदोनि हानजाहा जेरावनिफ्राय बिसोर दावबायसनदोंमोन बैसोर सुबुंसमाजफोरनियाव मोननायनिख्रुय गोजौसिन थै नारथाय दं। Cigarette smoking not only increases blood pressure and heart rate but also affects the quality and the quantity of blood reaching the heart. चिगारेत सोबनाया थै नारथाय आरो मैखुन हारखौल’ बांहोआ नाथाय मैखुनाव सहैनाय थैनि गुन आरो बिबांखौबो गोहोम-खोख्लैयो। Nicotine in cigarette increases heart rate and blood pressure. चिगारेतनि थांखु-रोसिया मैखुन हार आरो थै नारथायखौ बांहोयो। Carbon monoxide which is inhaled along with the smoke affects blood as far as the release of oxygen, is concerned. कारबण मनअक्साइडआ जाय सोबनायजों लोगोसे हांबोजायो अक्सिजेननि हगारनाया नांहैनाय सेबां थैखौ गोहोम-खोख्लैयो। It reduces heart rate and blood pressure. बेयो मैखुन हार आरो थै नारथायखौ खमायो। The collateral blood supply to the heart increases, increasing the total amount of blood reaching to the heart musculature. मैखुन मोदोम-गेहेनसिम सहैनाय थैनि गासै बिबांखौ बांहोनानै मैखुनसिम खेंसालिया थै जगायनाया बाङो। To help the heart, stop smoking cigarettes and start doing exercise. मैखुनखौ हेफाजाब-होनो, सिगारेत सोबनायखौ दबथाय आरो ब्याम खालामनो जागाय। A good physician always checks the blood pressure. सासे मोजां देहा-फाहामगिरिया थै नारथायखौ अरायबो नायसङो। If a patient is found to be suffering from high blood pressure he should be advised to check his blood pressure regularly. सासे बेरामिखौ गोजौ थै नारथायाव भुगिनाय मोनोब्ला बिखौ बिनि थै नारथायखौ नेमबादि नायसंनो बोसोन-होनांगौ। Unfortunately many cases are detected very late after the onset of heart attack or stroke or after death. खाफालमोनदायै गोबां जाथायफोरआ मैखुन गाग्लोबथि एबा स्त्रक एबा थैनायनि उनाव जोबोर गोबावै संजायो। It needs understanding, friendly inspiring and a polite physician. बेहा बुजिनाय, लोगोआरि थुलुंगानाय आरो माहि देहा-फाहामगिरिनि गोनां-जायो। It is important to explain to him his disease, why one gets high blood pressure, what damage it can cause and how long it will take for blood pressure to harm the body. मानो सासेया गोजौ थै नारथाय मोनो, बेयो मा खहा सोमजिहोनो हायो आरो थै नारथायनि थाखाय देहाखौ खहा-खालामनो बेसे गोबाव लागोन बिनो बिनि बेरामखौ बुंफोरनाया गोनांथार। Most patients suffer from mild to moderately high blood pressure. बांसिन जब्राफोरा जखानिफ्राय गनायजाथावनायै गोजौ थै नारथायाव भुगियो। In none of the individual clinical trials carried so far, no significant benefits were noted after long term proper treatment by medication. रावबो सासे-मानसिनि फाहामसालियारि आनजादफोर दासिम लाबोजायाखै, मुलै-बिगियानारिजों गोलाव सम थि सिकितसानि जेबो ओंथिगोनां मुलाम्फाफोर नायसनजायाखै। It will not be wise to assume that new drugs which have come into the market will be safe and effective till they have been tried for several years. बेखौ नाजावनाया गियानि जानाय नङादि बिसोर गोबां बोसोरफोरनि थाखाय नाजाबोनायसिम गोदान मुलैफोर जाय हाथायाव फैनाया रैखा-गोनां आरो गोहोमगोनां जागोन। These drugs only lower the blood pressure, and do not do anything to reverse the process of progressive damage being done to the body. बेफोर मुलैफोरआ थै नारथायखौ हायहोयोल’, आरो देहायाव मावजानाय जौगालु खहानि बिखानथिखौ उलथायनो जेबो मावा। It is important to know the significant role played by diet, exercise, relaxation and the beneficial effects of non-smoking. खाजा, ब्याम, जिरायनाय आरो सोबिनि मुलामफागोनां जाउनफोरजों ओंथिगोनां बिफाव लाजानायखौ मिथिनाया गोनांथार। The aim of a treatment is to reduce the risk of getting a heart attack or a stroke. सिकितसानि थांखिया मैखुन गाग्लोबथि एबा स्त्रक जानायनि गिनांगौखौ खामायनाय। The treatment will depend on the level of the blood pressure and the number of risk factors it carries. सिकितसाया थै नारथाय आरो बेयो लाबोनाय गिथाव जाहोनफोरनि अनजिमानि थाखोनि सायाव सोनारगोन। If blood pressure is high the immediate need is to reduce it. जुदि थै नारथाया गोजौ गोख्रै गोनांथिया जादों बेखौ खमायनाय। In a majority of cases where blood pressure is mild to moderately high, giving up cigarettes and starting a proper diet can work wonders. जाथायफोरनि बांसिनाव जेराव थै नारथाया गनायथावनायै गोजौसिम जखानि, चिगारेतफोर नागारनाय आरो थि खाजा जागायनाया गोमोथावफोर खामानि-मावनो हायो। If you are obese, a reduction in body weight will help to bring down blood pressure. नों मेजेमबहराब्ला, देहायाव लिरथाय खमायनाया थै नारथायखौ गाहायाव लाबोनो हेफाजाब-होगोन। Be prepared for a long journey of diet control, less fat, less salt, less sugar, complex carbohydrates and more fibres. खाजा सामलायनायनि मोनसे गोलाव दावबायनायनि थाखाय थियारि जा, खम मेजेम, खम संख्रै, खम सिनि, जेथो कारबहायद्रेदफोर आरो गोबां बेजेफोर। Take a lot of fibres in the form of salads, green vegetables and fruits in the diet. सालाद, गोथां मैगंफोर आरो खाजायाव फिथाइफोरनि महराव गोबां बेजे नाजाव। Exercises help reduce heart rate and blood pressure. ब्यामफोरआ मैखुन हार आरो थै नारथाय खमायनो हेफाजाब-होयो। Athletes have a slower pulse rate than a normal person. एथेलेतफोरहा सरासनस्रा मानसिनिख्रुय लासैसिन मैखुन-मावथाय हार दं। Do meditation to help bring down blood pressure. थै नारथायखौ गाहायाव लाबोनो हेफाजाब-होनो धियान खालाम। Studies have shown that during meditation there is 25 percent decrease in cardiac output, compared with a 20 percent decrease during sleep. बिजिरथायफोरआ दिनथिबायदि धियाननि समाव मैखुनारि दिहुनथायफोराव उनदुनाय समाव 20 जौखोनदो खमायनायजों रुजुनायाव 25 जौखोनदो खमायनाय दं। The heart rate falls by about 5 beats a minute. मैखुन हारआ मिनितसेयाव 5 फ्राम मावथायफोर गोग्लैयो। Researchers have found evidence of reduction of blood pressure. फिनसंजिरगिरिफोरआ थै नारथायनि खमायनायनि फोरमान मोनबाय। Meditation helps in two ways - first it induces a relaxed state of your body and mind which is useful in moments of stress. धियानआ मोननै राहायै हेफाजाब-होयो – गिबियाव बेयो नोंनि देहा आरो गोसोनि सुग्लायनाय फोरमायथिखौ नुजाहोयो जाय सिनथानि बुब्लिफोराव बाहायफुंजानाय। Second, although, this is less clear, it seems to have some direct physiological effects which are beneficial to those who are prone to coronary diseases. नैथि, जदिय बेयो खम रोखा, बेखौ खायसे थोंजों गोसो-बिरोंमायारि जाउनफोर थानाय बादि-नुयो जायफोर जाय करनारि बेरामफोर जानोहाथाव बैफोरनो मुलामफागोनां। It takes years for blood pressure to develop and it takes months to control it and reverse the process and set right the damages caused by blood pressure to the body. थै नारथायनो जौगानो थाखाय बोसोरफोर लायो आरो दबथायनो दानफोर लायो आरो बिखानथिफोरखौ उलथायो आरो देहायाव थै नारथायजों सोमजिहोजानाय गाज्रिफोराव थारखौ साजायो। Be prepared to hold your destiny in your hands. नोंनि बिथांखिखौ नोंनि आखायफोराव हमथानो थियारि जा। It depends upon the strength and rate of the heart's contraction, the volume of blood in the circulatory system and the elasticity of the arteries. बेयो मैखुननि नारसिनथायनि गोख्रोंथि आरो हार, खारसारदिंनाय बिखानथियाव थैनि बिबां आरो थै-रोदाफोरनि बोलिनायनि सायाव सोनारो। The sphygmomanometer is used to measure blood pressure. सिगनमेनमितारखौ थै नारथाय सुनो बाहायनाय जायो। The pressure at which the flow of blood resumes is called the systolic pressure, it represents the blood pressure when the heart is contracting. नारथाय जेराव थैनि बोहैनाया जागायफिनोखौ मावथायारि नारथाय बुङो, बेयो थै नारथायखौ नुजाथिहोयो जेब्ला मैखुनआ नारसिनगासिनो थायो। This pressure is determined by reading the gauge or the scale on the mercury tubes. नारथाया गवजनि बिजिरनाय एबा मारकिउरि नोलिफोराव सेवारिजों थिखालामजायो। The pressure at this point is called the diastolic pressure, represents the pressure when the heart is relaxing. बे बिनदोआव नारथायखौ दायस्तलिक नारथाय बुंनाय जायो, नारथायखौ नुजाथिहोयो जेब्ला मैखुना जिरायगासिनो थायो। It rises with age because arteries become less elastic and slow down the flow of blood. बेयो बैसोजों लोगोसे नुजायो मानोना थै-रोदाफोरा खम बोलिनाय जायो आरो थैनि बोहैथिखौ लासै-खालामो। Blood is the life stream of the human body, this red fluid performs many tasks and no part of the body can live without it. थैया मानसि देहानि जिव दैसा, बे गोजा लाव-मुवाया गोबां खामानिफोर मावफुङो आरो देहानि जेबो बाहागोआनो बे नङालासे थांनो हाया। Blood supplies the cells of the body with the food and oxygen they need for work and growth. थैया आदारजों देहानि जिबख्रिफोर आरो बिसोरनो मावनो आरो जौगानो नांनाय अक्सिजेन जगायो। It carries waste products to special organs that remove them from the body or break them down into harmless substances. बेयो जरखा अंगफोरनो सिगार मुवाफोर लाबोयो जाय बेफोरखौ देहानिफ्राय बोखारो एबा बेफोरखौ खहागैयि गुदिफोराव सिफायो। The amount of blood depends on the size and the environment of each person. थैनि बिबाङा साफ्रोम मानसिनि महर आरो आबहावानि सायाव सोनारो। The heart pumps the blood through the body. मैखुनआ देहानि गेजेरजों थैयाव गेस-सोयो। It flows from the heart through the arteries and it returns to the heart through the veins. बेयो मैखुननिफ्राय थैरोदाफोरनि गेजेरजों बोहैयो आरो बेयो मैखुनाव रोदाफोरनि गेजेरजों गिदिंफिनो। The large arteries that leave the heart carry blood into smaller and smaller vessels. गेदेर थैरोदाफोर जाय मैखुनखौ नागारोआ थैखौ फिसासिनिख्रुय आरो फिसासिन रोदाफोराव रोगायो। The smallest of these vessels are the narrow thin walled capillaries. बैफोर रोदाफोरनि फिसासिनथारआ फिसा गुसेब इनजुर-गोनां नोलि-फिसाफोर। Blood flows from capillaries into large veins until it reaches the great veins that enter the heart. बेयो गेदेर रोदाफोर जाय मैखुनाव हाबोखौ सहैनायसिम थैया फिसा-नोलिफोरनिफ्राय गेदेर रोदाफोराव बोहैयो। The four main parts are plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. गुबै मोनब्रै बाहागोफोरआ जादों प्लाज्मा, गोजा थै जिबख्रिफोर, गुफुर थै जिबख्रिफोर आरो प्लेतेलेतफोर। A palmist looks at the hand and predicts the future. सासे नायखांग्राया आखायाव नायदोंमोन आरो इयुनखौ आगु-बुंथिदोंमोन। An astrologer reads the horoscope and relates all about your life. सासे जौतिचिया जोनोम-लायसिखौ फरायो आरो नोंनि गासै जिवनि सोमोनदै फोनांजाबो। A physician is also in a good position to predict your future health by measuring blood pressure. सासे देहा-फाहामगिरियाबो थै नारथायखौ सुनानै नोंनि इयुन सावस्रिखौ आगु-बुंथिनो मोनसे मोजां थाथायाव दं। He is able to confirm whether you are a candidate for a stroke or a heart attack. नों सासे स्त्रकनि बिजाथि ना एबा मैखुन गाग्लोबथिनि बियो रोखा-खालामनो हाथाव। He may be able to foretell the approximate expectancy of life if you do not wish to change the life style. बियो जिउनि प्राय आसाथिखौ इयुन-बुंथिनो हानो हागौ जुदि नों जिव आदबखौ सोलायनो लुबैया। To make the prediction more correct a few additional things have to be known. बांसिन थि आगु-बुंथिनाय खालामनो इसे उफेरा जिनिसफोरआ मिथिजानांगौ। The more risk factors you have, along with high blood pressure, greater are the chances that you will fall a prey to heart attack or stroke at an early date. गोजौ थै नारथायजों लोगोसे नोंहा जेसेबां गिथाव जाहोनफोर दं, खाबुफोरा बांसिनदि नों खम समाव मैखुन गाग्लोबथि एबा स्त्रकनि नोजोराव गोलैगोन। Risk factors are age, cigarette smoking, high fat levels (cholesterol and glycerides) in the blood, diabetes, obesity and changes in X-ray and electro-cardiogram. गिथाव जाहोनफोरा जादों बैसो, चिगारेत सोबनाय, थैयाव गोजौ मेजेम थाखोफोर (कलेस्तेरल एबा ग्लिसाराइदफोर), डायबेटिस, मेजेमबहरा आरो एक्स-रोदाफोर आरो इलेकत्र-कारडियग्रामाव सोलायथायफोर। This is why the physician gives a thorough examination, takes the cardiogram and sends the blood for different tests. बेखायनो देहा-फाहामगिरिया जोथोन-गोनां आनजाद होयो, कारडियग्रामखौ लायो आरो रोखोम-रोखोम आनजादफोरनि थाखाय थैखौ हरो। He will suggest reducing the risk factors and blood pressure to avoid stroke and heart attack. बियो गिथाव जाहोनफोर आरो थै नारथायखौ खमायनानै स्त्रक आरो मैखुन गाग्लोबथिखौ नेवसिनो बोसोन-होगोन। Most people ignore blood pressure, as it, in most cases, symptomless, to their great cost. बांसिन सुबुङा थै नारथायखौ नेवसियो, मानोना बेयो बांसिन जाथायफोराव बिसोरनो गोबां बेसेनाव लैखोनगैयि। They may pay for this carelessness with a stroke or death. बेफोर बे जोथोन-गैयिनि थाखाय स्त्रक एबा थैनाय होनो हायो। A few may have headaches, breathlessness on exertion and blurred vision. सानैसोआ गोब्राब-खामानियाव खर’-सानायफोर, हांसरथेनाय आरो आनज्लिद नोजोर मोननो हागौ। Even if you do not ignore it you tend to take tablets to get rid of the symptoms, But blood pressure is a lifelong ailment and has to be treated as such, once the root cause is found. जदिय नों बेखौ नेवसिया नों लैखोननिफ्राय रैखा मोननो बरिफोर नाजावो, नाथाय थै नारथाया मोनसे जिव-गोलाव बेराम आरो खनसे गुदि जाहोनखौ मोनोब्ला बिदि बादियै जोथोन लानांगौ। In order to maintain the blood supply to all parts of the body, the heart has to pump blood at a certain pressure. देहानि गासै बाहागोफोराव थै जगायनायखौ सामलायनो थाखाय, मैखुनआ थैखौ थि नारथायजों जगायनांगौ। Even in a healthy person, the blood pressure varies from moment to moment to meet different demands of the body. गुफुं मानसिनियावबो, देहानि रोखोमरोखोम गोनांथिफोरखौ लोगोहमनो बुब्लिनिफ्राय बुब्लिसिम थै नारथाया गुबुन-गुबुन-जायो। When you get up, it takes little time for the blood pressure to rise to a normal level. जेब्ला नों सिखारो, बेयो थै नारथायनि थाखाय सरासनस्रा थाखोआव जौगानो इसेल’ सम लायो। Gradually, as time goes on the body begins to show the strain of high blood pressure, may be after 5 years, 10 years or even more. लासै-लासै, समआ जेरै थांगासिनो-थायो जानोहागौ 5 बोसोरफोर, 10 बोसोरफोर एबा बांसिनबोनि उनाव देहाया गोजौ थै नारथायनि जुजिनायखौ दिनथिनो जागायो। It comes all of a sudden without a warning in the form of a stroke or heart attack. बेयो मोनसे स्त्रक एबा मैखुन गाग्लोबथिनि महराव सामोल होआलासे हरखाबै फैयो। The heart has to work harder when you suffer from high blood pressure. जेब्ला नों गोजौ थै नारथायाव भुगियो मैखुना गोब्राबसिन मावनांगौ जायो। Under a prolonged strain, the arteries become hardened and thickened reducing the blood supply. गोलाव-सम जुजिनायनि सिङाव, थैरोदाफोरआ थै जगायनायखौ खमायनानै गोरासिन आरो रोजासिन जायो। Abruptly, it may block the artery, totally cutting off the blood supply to the heart. हरखाबै बेयो मैखुनसिम थै जगायनायखौ आबुङै फोजोबस्रांनानै थैरोदाखौ बनद-खालामनो हागौ। The heart deprived of nourishment at the time when it is overworked and fatigued is forced to work harder to push the blood through obstruction. मैखुनआ पुष्तिनिफ्राय समाव जानगारहोजायो जेब्ला बां-मावहोजायो आरो मेंनाया हेंथानि गेजेरजों थैखौ नारनो गोब्राबसिन मावनो नारसिनजायो। Unless something is done a heart attack is just around the corner. नङाब्ला माबा-मोनसेया मैखुन गाग्लोबथि मावहोजानाया जादों खनानि सोरगिदिंल’। A small artery under the strain of high blood pressure can burst in the brain and cause a stroke. गोजौ थै नारथायनि जुजिनायनि सिङाव मोनसे फिसा थैरोदाया मेलेमाव गुब्रुनो आरो स्त्रक सोमजिहोनो हायो। Under the strain of high blood pressure, the kidneys can fail in course of time. गोजौ थै नारथायनि जुजिनायनि सिङाव, किडनिफोरआ समनि फारियाव फेलें-जानो हायो। There may be difficulty in walking, due to atherosclerosis in the legs, called intermittent claudicating. आथिङाव समसमारि लेंग्रा-जानाय बुंनाय, एथेरसक्लेर’सिसनि जाहोनाव थाबायनायाव गोब्राबथि जानो हागौ। The blood pressure has not created the havoc suddenly. थै नारथाया हरखाब फोजोबस्रांनाय सोरजियाखै। It was done in the course of many years by high blood pressure and circulating fats in the blood. बेयो गोबां बोसोरफोरनि फारियाव गोजौ थै नारथाय आरो थैयाव खारसारदिंनाय मेजेमजों मावजादोंमोन। Most horrible end of the story will be sudden death or a crippling stroke. सल’नि जोबोर गिथाव जोबनाया जागोन हरखाब थैनाय एबा बेंगुरा-जाहोनाय स्त्रकआ। If we are determined, we can even reverse the whole course of the disease in terms of many more years of healthy, youthful and productive life. जों थिखालामोब्ला, जों सावस्रि, लायमोनथि आरो फिथाइगोनां जिवनि गोबां बारा बोसोरनि थासारियाव बेरामनि गासै फारिखौ सोलायनोबो हायो। Blood pressure rises with emotion and exertion. थै नारथाया आबेग आरो गोब्राब-खामानिजों बाङो। On a first visit to a consultant, it may tend to be higher than normal because you are anxious. सासे बोसोनगिरिनिसिम गिबि थांनायाव, बेयो सरासनस्रानिख्रुय बांसिन जानो नागिरनो हागौ मानोना नों गोसो-लोरबां। It is always better to take rest for 10-15 minutes before the pressure is taken. नारथाय लाजानायनि आगोल 10-15 मिनितफोर जिरायनाया अरायबो मोजां। A cup of coffee or a cigarette smoked can also raise the pressure count. नारथायनि साननायखौ कापसे कफि एबा चिगारेत सोबनायाबो बांहोनो हायो। Blood pressure keeps on rising throughout life. थै नारथाया जिव नाङैनो बांगासिनो थायो। It rises rapidly from infant to the baby stage and to teenage. बेयो गोरलैनिफ्राय खुदिया थाखोसिम आरो लायमोनसिम गोख्रैयै बाङो। The rise is slow between 25 years and 40 years. बांनाया 25 बोसोर आरो 40 बोसोरफोरनि गेजेराव लासै। Women have slightly lower blood pressure than men. आयजोफोरहा हौवाफोरनिख्रुय इसेयै खमसिन थै नारथाय दं। This is the result of a study made by the National Institute of Health in Framingham, Massachusetts (U.S.A). बेयो फ्रेमिंहामनि हादोरारि सावस्रि फसंथान, मासाचुसेतस (आ.जु.हा.) जों खालामजानाय बिजिरथायनि फिथाइ। Risk factors are important to predict the future, if one is suffering from high blood pressure. जुदि सासेया गोजौ थै नारथायाव भुगिगासिनो दंब्ला, इयुनखौ आगुबुंथिनो गिथाव जाहोनफोरा गोनांथार। A computer programme was constructed by feeding information about risk factors in a computer and the history of two patients was fed to know the additional gravity. गंसे सानजुथि हाबाफारिया गंसे सानजुथियाव गिथाव जाहोनफोरनि सोमोनदै खौरां होजानायजों दाजायो आरो सानै बेरामिफोरनि जारिमिनआ उफेरा बोगथाबमाखौ मिथिनो होजायो। In another survey, a comparison was made between a person of high blood pressure (160 mm of Hg systolic and 95mm of Hg diastolic) and a person having normal blood pressure. गुबुन-मोनसे जरिपाव, सासे गोजौ थै नारथायनि मानसि (हेक्तग्राम सिस्तलिकनि 160 एमएम आरो हेक्तग्राम डायस्तलिकनि 95 एमएम) आरो सासे सरासनस्रा थै नारथाय थानाय मानसिनि गेजेराव मोनसे रुजुथाय खालामनाय जादोंमोन। A person with high blood pressure has 3 times more chance of heart failure and 7 times more chance for a stroke. गोजौ थै नारथाय गोनां सासे मानसिहा मैखुन फेलेंनि 3 फानफोर बांसिन खाबु आरो स्त्रकनि थाखाय 7 फानफोर बांसिन खाबु दं। Cutting down on the risk factors is more important than just reducing blood pressure by drugs and not looking after the other risk factors does not reduce the danger of a heart attack. मुलैजों थै नारथायखौ खमायनायल’निख्रुय गिथाव जाहोनफोरखौ खमायनाया बांसिन गोनांथार आरो गुबुन गिथाव जाहोनफोरखौ नायिया मैखुन गाग्लोबथिनि खैफोदखौ खमाया। A recent study has shown that if you have lower blood pressure and are loaded with other risk factors you have a much higher risk than high blood pressure alone. दाबावै बिजिरनाया दिनथिबायदि जुदि नोंहा खम थै नारथाय दं आरो गुबुन गिथाव जाहोनफोरजों सुफुंजायो नोंहा हारसिंल’ गोजौ थै नारथायनिख्रुय गोबां बारासिन गिनांगौ दं। It has been revealed that if you take drugs like cholestyramine to reduce the blood fats it does not reduce the risk factor because it does not reduce fat as a whole and does not discriminate between good fats for the heart (high density cholesterol) and bad fats (low density cholesterol). बेयो नुसारहोजाबायदि जुदि नों थै मेजेमफोर खमायनो कलेस्त्रेमाइन बादि मुलैफोर नाजावो बेयो गिथाव जाहोनफोरखौ खमाया मानोना बेयो फुरायै मेजेमखौ खमाया आरो मैखुननि थाखाय मोजां मेजेमफोर (बां रोजाथि कलेस्तेरल) आरो गाज्रि मेजेम (खम रोजाथि कलेस्तेरल) नि गेजेराव फाराग-खालामा। Trials have shown negative results or even increased mortality with certain drugs आनजादफोरा दानख’थाय फिथाइ एबा थि मुलैफोरजों थैथाय बांनायबो दिनथिबाय। If your parents have high blood pressure you are a more suitable candidate for high blood pressure. नोंनि बिमा-बिफाहा गोजौ थै नारथाय दंब्ला नों गोजौ थै नारथायनि थाखाय सासे बांसिन साबजाथाव बिजाथि। But you may not have the same level of blood pressure as your parents. नाथाय नोंहा नोंनि बिमा-बिफानि बादि थै नारथायनि समान थाखो गैया जानो हागौ। One cannot choose parents but he can change the life style, cut down on risk factors and control blood pressure to a great extent. सासेया बिमा-बिफाखौ सायख’नो हायो नाथाय बियो जिव आदबखौ सोलायनो हायो, गिथाव जाहोनफोरखौ खमाय आरो गोबां बिबाङाव थै नारथायखौ दबथाय। People with 20% higher body weight will have 3 times more chances of getting high blood pressure. 20% बांसिन देहा लिरथायनि मानसिहा गोजौ थै नारथाय मोननायनि 3 फानफोर बांसिन खाबुफोर दं। Keep on reducing diet is the first step, if you are overweight, and have high blood pressure. जुदि नों बांद्राय गिलिर, आरो गोजौ थै नारथाय दं, खाजा खमायगासिनो थानाया गिबि आगान। Vegetarian diets differ from those of non vegetarian food in their content of fibre, starch, protein, vitamin and minerals. मैगंआरि खाजाफोरआ बेजे, मार, प्रटिन, भितामिन आरो खनिजफोरनि बिसोरनि थानायाव मैगंआरि नङि बैसोरनिफ्राय आलादा। Some researchers have suggested that strong religious beliefs of Adventists also help them to protect against heart attacks. खायसे बिजिरगिरिफोरहा बोसोन-होबायदि एदभेनतिसतफोरनि गोख्रों धोरोमारि फोथायथिफोरआ मैखुन गाग्लोबथिफोरनि हेंथायै रैखाथिनो हेफाजाब-होगोन। One of the most important new developments of the last decade is the realization that cholesterol in the body is a far more complex substance than originally thought. थांनाय जिथायनि जोबोर गोनांथार गोदान जौगाथायफोरनि मोनसेया जादों देहायाव बै कलेस्तेरलआ गुदियै सानथायनिख्रुय बांसिनबाव जेथो थाफादेरखौ बुजिनाय। Cholesterol does not travel loose in the blood but in different combination of proteins called lipoproteins. कलेस्तेरलआ थैयाव गुरुं दावबाया नाथाय लिपप्रटिन बुंनाय प्रटिनफोरनि गुबुन-गुबुन जथायाव। There could be low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). बिहाय खम रोजाथि लिपप्रटिनफोर (ख.रो.लि.) आरो बां रोजाथि लिपप्रटिनफोर (बां.रो.लि.) थानो हागौ। A high level of LDL is associated with increased risk of heart disease while a high level of HDL is associated with reduced risk. मोनसे ख.रो.लि. नि गोजौ थाखोआ मैखुन बेरामनि गिथाव बांनायजों सोमोनदो-दं जेब्ला बां.रो.लि. गोजौ थाखोआ गिथाव खमायनायजों सोमोनदो-दं। The emergence of HDL has complicated the measurement of cholesterol profile. बां.रो.लि. नि ओंखारनाया कलेस्तेरल सुंद’खौरांनि जखाखौ जेथोफोनांबाय। HDL is significantly higher in women than men in all age groups. बां.रो.लि. गासै बैसो हानजाफोरनियाव हौवाफोरनिख्रुय आयजोफोरनियाव ओंथिगोनाङै बांसिन। This explains why women are less susceptible to heart diseases. आयजोफोरआ मानो मैखुन बेरामफोराव खम गोसोनांथाव बेयो फोरमायो। The presence of HDL in part is hereditary and rises with weight reduction, exercise, cessation of smoking and relaxation. बाहागोआव बां.रो.लि. नि नुजाथिनाया फोलेरारि आरो लिरथाय खमायनाय, ब्याम, सोबनायखौ दबथायनाय आरो जिरायनायजों ओंखारो। Drugs used to reduce cholesterol levels in blood (Cholestyramine and Clofibrate) reduce the total cholesterol without discriminating the bad (LDL) from the good (HDL) cholesterol. थैयाव (कलेस्तिरेमाइन आरो क्लफिब्रेत) कलेस्तेरल थाखोफोर खमायनो मुलैफोर बाहायनाया मोजां (बां.रो.लि.) कलेस्तेरलनिफ्राय गाज्रि (ख.रो.लि.) खौ फाराग-खालामालासे गासै कलेस्तेरलखौ खमायो। It is better to use physical means like exercise and reduction of weight, cutting down on fat, stopping smoking and induction of the right diet which reduces bad cholesterol (LDL) and increases good cholesterol (HDL) rather than depending on drugs to reduce the total cholesterol level which does not reduce the risk of heart attack. देहायारि बाहायनाया मोजांसिन, ओंथिया जेरै ब्याम, लिरथाय खमायनाय, सोबनाय दबथायनाय आरो थार खाजाखौ थिसनफानाय जाय मैखुन गाग्लोबथिनि गिथावखौ खमायि गासै कलेस्तेरल थाखोखौ खमायनो बाहायनाय जाय मुलैफोरनि सायाव सोनारनायनिख्रुय बांसिन गाज्रि कलेस्तेरल (ख.रो.लि.) खौ खमायो आरो मोजां कलेस्तेरल (बां.रो.लि.) खौ बांहोयो। Though he covered a wide range of subjects related to heart diseases he kept on returning to the subject of smoking. बियो मैखुन बेरामफोरजों सोमोनदो-गोनां आयदाफोरनि गुवार अरथाय आवथायोब्लाबो बियो सोबनायनि आयदायाव गिदिंफिनगासिनो थादोंमोन। He recalled a meeting with businessmen a day earlier in a room filled with smoke. बियो उखुनदैजों बुंफबनाय मोनसे खथायाव मोनसे सान आगु फालांगिरिफोरजों मोनसे मेल लिंफिनदोंमोन। "I distributed my cards to the assembly because they would have to come to me," Dr. Effler snapped. “आं आंनि बिलायफोरखौ जथुमथियाव रानदोंमोन मानोना बिसोर आंजों फैनांगौमोन” ड° इफ्लारआ खाब्रां-बुंदोंमोन। Cigarette smoking is harmful. चिगारेत सोबनाया खहागोनां। Harm is done to the blood, to the blood vessels and to the heart. खहाया थैयाव, थै रोदाफोराव, आरो मैखुनाव खालामजायो। Post mortem reports of smoker's show that changes take place not only in the big coronary artery supplying blood to the heart but also in the thinnest arteries which enter the wall of the heart. सोबग्रानि थैनाय उन रादाबफोरआ दिनथियोदि सोलायथायफोरआ मैखुनसिम थै जगायनाय गेदेर करनारि थै-रोदायावल’ जायगा लाया नाथाय फिसासिन थै-रोदाफोरावबो जाय मैखुननि इनजुराव हाबो। There is a small, scattered thickening in the interior of all these arteries which causes obstruction and reduces the quantity of blood flowing in these arteries. बेहाय गासै बेफोर थै-रोदाफोरनि इसिङारियाव मोनसे फिसा, सम-समारि रोजा-जाहोनाय दं जाय हेंथा सोमजिहोयो आरो बेफोर थै-रोदाफोराव बोहैनाय थैफोरनि गुनखौ खमायो। The more cigarettes you smoke per day these changes will become more pronounced. नों सानफायाव जेसेबां चिगारेतफोर सोबो बेफोर सोलायनायफोरा बांसिन नुथावाव फैगोन। These changes are slightly less among cigar and pipe smokers. बेफोर सोलायनाया चिगार आरो हंखा सोबग्राफोरनि गेजेराव इसेयै खम। The smokers are susceptible to stroke, heart attacks, angina pectoris and intermittent claudicating where blood vessel of legs are narrowed and there is pain in the legs after walking even a small distance and when there is a need to rest before walking further. सोबग्राफोरआ स्त्रक, मैखुन गाग्लोबथि, एनजिना पेकतरिफोर आरो थाद’थाद’ लेंग्रा-जानायनो गोसोबोथाव, जेराव आथिंफोरनि थै दोफोरआ फुसेबजायो आरो ससेल’ जानथायाबो थाबायनायनि उनाव आथिंफोराव सानाय जायो आरो जेब्ला आरोबाव थाबायनायनि आगोल जिरायनो गोनांथि जायो। Female smokers get this problem more than men smokers. हिनजाव सोबग्राफोरआ बे जेंनाखौ हौवा सोबग्राफोरनिख्रुय बांसिन मोनो। The risk is 20 times more than that of non-smokers. गिथावनाया बै सोबग्रा-नङिफोरनिख्रुय 20 फानफोर बांसिन। Among heavy smokers, who have been smoking cigarettes for several years sudden death is common. मैखोम सोबग्राफोरनि गेजेराव, जाय गोबां बोसोरफोरनि थाखाय सोबबोगासिनो दं हरखाब थैनाया सरासनस्रा। If they can cut down smoking, suddenly and sharply, the risk is definitely reduced. जुदि बिसोर सोबनायखौ खमायनो हायो, हरखाबै आरो गोख्रोङै गिथावनाया थारैनो खमायहोजायो। When we inhale cigarette smoke, the carbon monoxide reaches the blood and combines with haemoglobin and decreases its power of carrying oxygen by five per cent. जेब्ला जों चिगारेत उखुनदैखौ हांबोयो, कारबण मनअक्साइडआ थैखौ सहैयो आरो हिमग्लबिनजों सरजाबफायो आरो बिनि अक्सिजेन रोगानाय गोहोखौ बा जौखोन्दो खमायो। Smoking attacks us in two ways. सोबनाया जोंखौ मोननै राहाफोरजों गाग्लोबो। It narrows the blood vessels and decreases the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen. बेयो थै दोफोरखौ फुसेबो आरो अक्सिजेन रोगानो थैनि हाथाय-गोहोखौ खमायो। Now you can imagine the havoc when blood is of bad quality and when it reaches in lesser quantity to the heart. दा नों सिलिंखारखौ सानबोलावनो हायो जेब्ला थैया गाज्रि गुननि आरो जेब्ला बेयो मैखुनाव खम बिबाङै सहैयो। If you are a diabetic, the risk of heart disease is more. जुदि नों सासे डायबेटिस-गोनां, मैखुन बेरामनि गिथावनाया बांसिन। It is more prevalent in women than men. बेयो हौवाफोरनिख्रुय आयजोफोरनियाव बांसिन गोख्रों। The excess risk is almost twice compared to a non-diabetic. बांद्राय गिथावनाया डायबेटिसगोनां-नङिजों रुजुनायाव फाननैफ्राम। These patients cannot also go in for a heart transplant. बेफोर बेरामिफोरआ मैखुन बारस्लायहोनायनि थाखायबो थांनो हाया। Immunosuppressant drugs given postoperatively to these patients make diabetes deteriorate dramatically. इमुवनसुप्रेसान्त मुलैफोरआ बेफोर बेरामिफोरनो जुन्थि-सिकितसा उनै होजायो डायबेटिसखौ गोसोबोथावनायै गाज्रिसिन खालामो। If you are not keen on exercises and your work is sedentary, there is a chance of increased risk. जुदि नों ब्यामफोराव गोसोगुदुं नङा आरो नोंनि खामानिफोरआ लेहेम, बिहाय गिथावनाया बांनायनि खाबु दं। It will increase the potency of other risk factors. बेयो गुबुन गिथावना जाहोनफोरनि गोख्रोंथिखौ बांहोगोन। A hard working farmer or a dock worker has definitely a reduced risk of heart attack or sudden death. सासे गोब्राब मावगिरि आबादारि एबा मुजिरा मावग्राहा थारैनो मैखुन गाग्लोबथि एबा हरखाब थैनायनि खमायनाय गिथावना दं। The tolerance for exercise can be increased in a coronary heart patient, through a program of regular moderate exercise. करनारि मैखुन बेरामिनियाव नेमबादि जखानि ब्यामनि गेजेरजों ब्यामनि सहायनायखौ बारायनो हायो। If you have crossed 40, have sex at least once a week, he recommended. नों जुदि 40 बारबाय, हाबथासेयाव खमैबो खनसेयै आथोन गोरोबो, बियो बिबुंथिदोंमोदि। Diabetes or a high level of fats (cholesterol and triglycerides) in blood is passed on to the offspring's. डायबेटिस एबा थैयाव गोजौ थाखोनि मेजेमफोरा (कलेस्तेरल आरो त्रिगलिसेराइदस) गथ’-गथायनिसिम हगारजायो। Commonly, we inherit bad food habits, inactivity, obesity and smoking which add up to the risk. सरासनस्रायै, जों गाज्रि आदार हुदाफोर, अलसिया, मेजेम-बहरा आरो सोबनाय नाजावो जाय गिथावनायाव दाजाबदेरो। Coronary bypass surgery is done in advanced cases where the diseased part of the blood vessel of the heart is replaced by a blood vessel taken out from another part of the body. करनेरि एरायनाय सारजारिया आगु जाथायफोराव मावजायो जेराव मैखुननि थै रोदानि बेराम-गोनां बाहागोआ देहानि गुबुन-मोनसे बाहागोनिफ्राय दिहुननाय मोनसे थै रोदाजों बोस्लायजायो। This is done rarely as patients do not live very long after this operation. बेरामिफोरा बे जुन्थि-सिकितसानि उनाव जोबोर गोबाव जिवखुङि महरै बेयो आगोमायै मावजायो। If you have a clot in the blood vessel, drugs can be used effectively to dissolve it. जुदि नोंहा थै रोदायाव लद्रा-खानाय दं, बेखौ सोखानो मुलैफोरखौ गोहोम-गोनाङै बाहायनो हायो। One of the drugs used is heparin. मुलैफोर बाहायनायनि मोनसेया हेपारिन। The drugs are not free from side effects like bleeding through nose, bruising, fever and allergy. मुलैफोरआ उफेरा बिजाउननिफ्राय उदां नङा, जेरै गनथंनि गेजेरजों थै-बोहैनाय, बेदलाबनाय, लोमजानाय आरो मानलुनाय। In less urgent cases coumarin can be used but it can cause bleeding. खम गोनांथि जाथायफोराव कावमेरिना बाहायजानो हायो नाथाय बेयो थै-बोहैनाय सोमजिहोनो हायो। If the heart is not working normally, doctors prescribe digitalis to increase the contraction and slow down the heart rate. मैखुनआ मोजाङै खामानि-होगासिनो गैयाब्ला, डाकथारआ नारसेबनायखौ बांहोनो दिजितेलिस बोसोन-होयो आरो मैखुन हारखौ लासै खालामो। It has a tonic action on the heart. बेहा मैखुनाव बोलो-फोरानाय खामानि दं। It is difficult to recommend doses. फालिफोरखौ बोसोननो गोब्राब। Like all drugs, digitalis also has side effects: headache, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, tummy pain. गासै मुलैफोर बादि, दिजितेलिसहाबो उफेरा बिजाउनफोर दं: खर’-सानाय, उखैनाय गोमानाय, नावसेया, गोबानाय, डायेरिया, उदै सानाय। Angina can be treated by drugs like glyceryl trinitrate. एनजाइनाया ग्लिसारिल त्रिनित्रेत बादि मुलैफोरजों जोथोन-लाजानो हायो। It dilates the blood vessels and allows blood to flow more freely. बेयो थै रोदाफोरखौ अरहोयो आरो थैखौ बांसिन उदाङै बोहैनो होयो। It improves blood pressure temporarily and pain is relieved in a short time. बेयो दानदिजोरै थै नारथायखौ जौगाहोयो आरो सानाया गुसुं समाव सुग्लायहोजायो। It has side effects like headaches and flushing, high doses can cause spells of dizziness, if one remains on his feet. बेहा उफेरा बिजाउनफोर दं जेरै खर’-सानायफोर आरो मोखां-जाहाबनाय, बांद्राय फालिफोरआ खर’गिदिंनायनि मुहिनांनाय सोमजिहोनो हायो, जुदि सासेया बिनि आथिं सायाव थायो। These drugs are propranol, timolol and metoprolol. बेफोर मुलैफोरआ प्रप्रेनल, तिमलल आरो मेतप्रल। Propranol is used for high blood pressure, helps the heart to slow down and reduces the strength of heart contractions. प्रप्रेनलखौ गोजौ थै नारथायनि थाखाय बाहायनाय जायो, मैखुनखौ मैखुन नारसेबथायफोरनि गोख्रोंथिखौ लासै खालामनो आरो खमायनो हेफाजाब-होयो। They are not given to people who have already had heart failure. बेफोरखौ जायहा मैखुन फेलें जानाय थाखानाय मानसिफोरनो होनाय जाया। It should not be given to pregnant, asthmatic and diabetic patients बेखौ दोरसि, हाफानि-गोनां आरो डायबेटिस-गोनां बेरामिफोरनो होनाङा। Side effects are breathlessness; swelling over ankles etc. उफेरा बिजाउनफोरआ हां-सरथेनाय; हान्थु-गिलाफोराव बुनाय बायदि-बायदि। These medicaments may become necessary if the heart is diseased. बेफोर मुलै-जाहोथायफोरआ गोनां जानो हायो जेब्ला मैखुनआ बेराम-जायो। Diet can help to reduce the fats in the blood and the damage which has already been done. खाजाया थैयाव मेजेमखौ खमायनो आरो जाय सोमजिहोजाखांखाबाय बेखौ खहा-खालामनो हेफाजाब-होनो हायो। Control blood pressure, start doing exercise and stop smoking. थै नारथायखौ दबथाय, ब्याम खालामनो जागाय आरो सोबनायखौ दबथाय। This will aid the heart to regain vitality. बेयो मैखुनखौ गोहो मोनफिननो हेफाजाब-होगोन। Do not look for an easy way, you will be disillusioned and misled. मोनसे गोरलै लामानि थाखाय दा नाय, नों नंखाय-फोथायहोजागोन आरो गोरोनथि-दैदेनजागोन। Medication can give you relief. मुलैजानाया नोंनो सुग्लायनाय होनो हायो। It can control blood pressure, reduce the cholesterol level. बेयो थै नारथायखौ दबथायनो, कलेस्तेरल थाखोखौ खमायनो हायो। It can control the rhythm of the heart beat but it will not reduce the risk of a heart attack. बेयो मैखुन मावथायनि दिंखनखौ दबथायनो हायो नाथाय बेयो मैखुन गाग्लोबथिनि गिथावनाखौ खमायनाय नङा। To save yourself from an impending heart attack, you will have to change your life style, change food habits, take more offs from work, learn to relax, develop interest in exercises, games and take long walks. नों-गावखौनो जाथारहां मैखुन गाग्लोबथिनिफ्राय रैखाथिनो, नों नोंनि जिव आदबखौ सोलायनांगोन, आदार हुदाखौ सोलायनांगोन, खामानिनिफ्राय बांसिन आजिरा ला, जिरायनो सोलों, ब्यामफोर, गेलेमुफोराव गोसोनांनाय जौगाहो आरो गोलाव थाबायनाय नाजाव। Stop taking alcohol, excessive tea and coffee. फेग्रामुवा, बांद्राय साहा आरो कफि लानायखौ दबथाय। If you are just depending on drugs, you are treading on a knife's edge. जुदि नों मुलैफोरावल सोनारगासिनो दंब्ला, नों गंसे दाबानि रुगुंखौ गादामब्लेगासिनो दं। If you experience a heart attack, be calm and Lie down in bed. जुदि नों मैखुन गाग्लोबथि रोंमोनदाङो, निजोम जा आरो एमाव गोलां। Do not move till the doctor arrives, examines you thoroughly and takes your cardiogram. डाकथार सफैनाय, नोंखौ मोजाङै आनजादनायनाय आरो नोंनि कारडियग्रामखौ लानायसिम दा दोरोद। It is always better to get admitted to a cardiac unit of a good hospital. बेयो अरायबो मोनसे मोजां देहाफाहामसालिनि मोनसे कारडियाक खोनदोआव थिसनजानाया मोजां। If hospital facilities can be arranged at home, it is alright to be treated at home. जुदि देहा-फाहामसालि खाबुफोरखौ नवाव साजायनो हायो, बेखौ नवाव जोथोन-लानाया मोजां। Often, exertion caused in moving into hospital may cause further damage to the heart. समसम, देहा-फाहामसालियाव थांनायाव बोलो-बाहायनाय जानाया मैखुनखौ आरोबाव गाज्रि जाहोनो हागौ। Medication is important at this stage to alleviate the pain and control the rhythm of the heart. सानायखौ सुग्लायहोनो आरो मैखुननि मावथायखौ दबथायनो बे थाखोआव मुलैजानाया गोनांथार। Intravenous drips will be necessary to alleviate shock. सक सुग्लायहोनो इसिं-रोदायारि थरथिंथायफोरा गोनांथार। For intravenous drug therapy the heart must be monitored continuously. इसिं-रोदायारि मुलै जोथोननि थाखाय मैखुनआ जेब्लाबोयै नायसंजाथारनांगौ। The first ninety six hours are very crucial. गिबि गुजि-द धनताफोरआ जोबोर गोनांथार। About 90 percent of patients suffer from arrhythmia called "ventricular ectopy" during this period. बेरामिफोरनि 90 जौखोनदो फ्रामआ “भेनत्रिकुलार इकतपि” बुंनाय एरहिथमियायाव भुगियो। At this time proper medical care is crucial. बे समाव थि मुलैबिगियाव जोथोनआ गोनांथार। Be calm, do not get agitated or excited. दलर जा, उसाव-बादाव एबा बोदोर दा जा। Have a cheerful disposition. गोजोनथाव थासारि-आखु मोन। Most of the uncomplicated cases of myocardial infarction are shifted from intensive care unit to the ward or private room where the heart will still be monitored for rate and rhythm for some more days. मायकारडियेल इनफार्कसननि जेथोगैयि जाथायफोरनि बांसिनआ गोख्रों जोथोन खोनदोनिफ्राय वार्ड एबा गावारि खथायाव लांस्लायजायो जेराव मैखुनआ आरोबाव खायसे सानफोरनि थाखाय बैसिमबो नुसारहोजागोन। These patients are allowed to sit in a chair a few times a day for short intervals. बिफोर बेरामिफोरखौ सुंद जिरायथ’नायनि थाखाय सानफायाव इसे समफोर गंसे मासियाव जिरायनो होनाय जायो। Resumption of sexual activity and mild exercise is allowed in 4 weeks. आथोनारि मावथायनि जागायफिननाय आरो जखानि ब्यामआ 4 हाबथाफोराव गनायजायो। They are gradually rehabilitated and are allowed to return to work in 6-8 weeks. बिसोर लासै-लासै गायसनफिनजायो आरो 6-8 हाबथाफोराव खामानियाव थांफिनो होजायो। It will suffer for lack of blood and therefore lack of oxygen. बेयो थैनि आंखालनि थाखाय भुगिगोन आरो बेखायनो अक्सिजेननि आंखाल। The blockade of artery in the brain can cause a stroke. मेलेमाव थैरोदानि होथेनाया स्त्रक सोमजिहोनो हायो। When the heart's own blood supply is affected it may cause heart pain called angina pectoris. जेब्ला मैखुननि गावनि थै जगायनाया गोहोम-खोख्लैजायो बेयो एंगिना पेकतरिफोर बुंनाय मैखुन सानाय सोमजिहोनो हागौ। When stress is put on the heart by exertion it needs more blood, but it cannot get it due to narrowed arteries and shows it off in the form of heart pain. जेब्ला नारसिनथाया गोब्राब-खामानिजों बिखायाव दोनजायो बेयो गोबां थै गोनां-जायो, नाथाय बेयो थैरोदाफोर सेबहोजानायनि जाहोनाव मोननाय जाया आरो बेखौ मैखुन सानायनि महराव नुसारहोयो। Heart attack or myocardial infarction will occur when the blood supply is suddenly cut off completely by a clot of blood or atheroma lodged in the coronary artery the artery which supplies blood to the heart. मैखुन गाग्लोबथि एबा मायकारडियेल इनफार्कसनआ नुजागोन जेब्ला थै दैथायनाया थै लाद्रा एबा करनारि थैरोदायाव बुंफबनाय एथेरमाजों हरखाबै आबुङै होबथाजायो, थैरोदा जाय मैखुनसिम थै जगायो। Atherosclerosis progresses slowly through the years starting from the childhood. एथेरस्केलरसिसआ खुदिया-समनिफ्रायनो जागायनानै बोसोर नाङैनो लासैयै जौगायो। When the internal lining of blood vessels starts degenerating or gets injured these fats infiltrate the vessel wall. जेब्ला इसिङारि थै दोफोरनि खोबनाया गोग्लैसोनो एबा जखम जानो जागायो बेफेर मेजेमआ दो इनजुरखौ सोरखियो। This fat consists of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. बेफोर मेजेमफोरआ कलेस्तेरल, त्रिगलिसेराइदस आरो फस्फलिपिदफोरनि लाफायो। This is why measuring levels of all these fats in blood becomes important in all heart diseases. बिदिनो थैयाव बेफोर गासै मेजेमफोरनि सुनाय थाखोफोरआ गासै मैखुन बेरामफोराव गोनां जायो। Smooth muscle cells are the main constituent of the arterial wall. रैदुब मोदोम-गेहेन जिबख्रिफोरा थैरोदायारि इनजुरनि गुबै थाफादेर। The circulating fat along with proteins called lipoproteins enter the degenerated internal lining of the vessel gets deposited. लिपप्रटिन बुंनाय प्रटिनफोरजों लोगोसे गिदिंखननाय मेजेमआ जमा-जानाय दोनि गोग्लैसोनाय इसिङारि खोबग्रायाव हाबो। The smooth muscle cells and connective tissue spread around this fat and protein deposits. रैदुब मोदोम-गेहेन जिबख्रिफोर आरो फोनांजाब तिसुआ बे मेजेम आरो जमा-जानाय प्रटिननि सोरगिदिं गोसारो। This fat and protein undergo metabolism and are deposited in the wall of the vessels for good. बे मेजेम आरो प्रटिना रसायन-जाथायारियाव थाङो आरो मोजांनि थाखाय दोफोरनि इनजुराव जमा-खालामजायो। They make elevated blobs of masses in the interior of the blood vessel. बेफोरो थै दोनि इसिङारियाव मोदोमबांफोरनि दागोफोर दिखांनाय खालामो। This elevated mass is named as plaque. दिखांजानाय मोदोमबांखौ प्लेक महरै मुंहोनाय जादों। There occurs calcification in advance lesions. बेहाय आगु जखमफोराव रसायन-जाथाय नुजायो। Haemorrhage also occurs inside this plaque from small growing blood vessels. हायमरहेजआबो बे प्लेकनि इसिङाव फिसा देरनाय थै दोफोरनिफ्राय नुजायो। Gradually the size of the plaque increases and it becomes more solid. लासै-लासै प्लेकनि महरआ बारायो आरो बेयो बांसिन गोरा जायो। The blood flowing in these vessels can be measured with an instrument which takes "blood pressure". बेफोर दोफोराव बोहैनाय थैखौ मोनसे आयजेंजों सुनो हायो जाय “थै नारथाय” लायो। The blood flowing with force also erodes the surface of the elevated masses of fat deposits or plaque. बोलोजों बोहैनाय थैया मेजेम दोनथुमथिफोर एबा प्लेकनि दिखांजानाय मोदोमबांनि साखौ जामखहोयो। The surface of the plaque gets roughened and forms a natural site for platelets to get stuck and aggregation can occur quickly. प्लेकनि साया गोख्रों जायो आरो प्लेतेलेतफोरनि थाखाय जुजिनो मिथिंगायारि जायगा दायो आरो जथायनाया थाबैनो नुजानो हायो। This helps the plaque to grow in size. बेयो प्लेकखौ महराव देरनो हेफाजाब-होयो। The havoc these plaques can play depends on their site. बेफोर प्लेकफोर सिलिंखारआ बिफोरनि जायगाफोराव गेलेनो हायो। If they are there in the thighs they are not so dangerous. जुदि बिफोरो फिनदायाव दं बिफोरो एसेबां गिथावना नङा। But if they are in the heart or brain they can kill or paralyze. नाथाय बेफोरो मैखुन एबा मेलेमावब्ला बेफोरो बुथारनो एबा खुरिया-जाहोनो हायो। Many factors play a part in the plaque formation and the speed with which they can grow in size. गोबां जाहोनफोरआ प्लेक दाथायाव बाहागोसे बिफाव-लायो आरो गोख्रैथिया जायजों बेफोरो महराव देरनो हायो। Diabetes, obesity, smoking, diet, tension are important. डायबेटिस, मेजेमबहरा, सोबनाय, खाजा, सिन्थाफोरा गोनांथार। If we know the risk factors, their reduction will help avoid heart diseases. जुदि जों गिथाव जाहोनफोरखौ मिथियो, बेफोरनि खमायनाया मैखुन बेरामफोर नेवसिनायाव हेफाजाब-होयो। With blood pressure, there is a greater risk to get a heart disease or stroke. थै नारथायजों, मैखुन बेराम एबा स्त्रक मोननो बांसिन गिथावना दं। If hypertension is more than 100 diastolic, medical interventions is justified. जुदि बांसिन्थाया 100 डायस्तलिकनिख्रुय बांसिन, मुलि-बिगियारि सिकितसाया नायबिजिरजायो। The seeds of heart disease are sown early in childhood. मैखुन बेरामनि बेगरफोरखौ आगु खुदियासमाव नुनाय जायो। Heart diseases can be drastically reduced if you reduce the risk factor in children. मैखुन बेरामआ गोख्रैयै खमायजानो हायो जुदि नों गिथाव जाहोनखौ उनदैयाव खमायो। If a child is obese, encourage him to do exercise and eat simple carbohydrates. जुदि सासे खुदियाया मेजेम-बहरा, बिखौ ब्याम खालामनो आरो गोरलै कारबहायद्रेद जानो थुलुंगा-हो। A study showed that 15 per cent decrease in body weight will cause 4 per cent reduction in blood cholesterol, 7 per cent improvement in peak work performed and a 16 per cent improvements in total work performed. मोनसे बिजिरनाया दिनथिदोंमोनदि देहा लिरथायाव 15 जौखोनदो खमायनाया थै कलेस्तेरलाव 4 जौखोनदो खमायनाय, थिखिनि खामानि मावफुंनायाव 7 जौखोन्दो जौगानाय आरो गासै खामानि मावफुंथायाव 16 जौखोन्दो जौगानाय सोमजिहोगोन। Members of families that are known to have a history of premature disease are fit candidates for a stroke or hypertension. जायफोर रायि बेरामफोर गोनां होनना मिथिजानाय नखरफोरनि सोद्रोमाफोरआ स्त्रक एबा बांसिन्थानि थाखाय खाबजाथाव बिजाथि। Even their children may show patterns of coronary heart disease. बिसोरनि खुदियाफोराबो करनेरि मैखुन बेरामनि दाथाय दिनथिनो हागौ। Dr. Charles J.Glueck of the University of Cincinnati of Medicine, Tucson, U.S.A. in "Genesis of Atherosclerosis" has conclusively proved that the stage for heart attacks and strokes starts in childhood. इवनिभारसिति अफ चिनचिनाति अफ मेडिसिन, तुकसन, आ.जु.हा. नि ड° चार्लस जे. ग्लुइकआ “जिनेसिस अफ एथेरसक्लेरसिस” आव थियै फोरमान-होबायदि मैखुन गाग्लोबथिफोर आरो स्त्रकनि थाखोआ खुदियायाव जागायो। The age at which atherosclerosis is most reversible is certainly in the mid to late teens. बैसो जेराव एथेरसक्लेरसिसआ बांसिन उलथायथावनाया जादों रोखायै गेजेरनिफ्राय उन लायमोनसिम। Children who display impatience, time urgency and competitiveness (called type A) are far more likely to have a heart attack than those who are more easy going (called type B). खुदियाफोर जाय सहायहायि, सम हांखुरथि आरो बादायलु (रोखोम ए बुंनाय) दिनथिनायफोरआ बैसोर जाय गोरलै सोलिनाय (रोखोम बि बुंनाय) फोरनिख्रुय बांसिन मैखुन गाग्लोबथिफोर मोननाया जानोहाथाव। The characteristics have been noticed as early as Kindergarten. आखुथायफोरा उनदै-बैसो सेबां आगुवाव नुजाबाय। We have seen five years olds who are impatient with themselves or always in a hurry", a professor of Psychiatry claims. जों बा बोसोरफोर समफोर नुबाय जायफोर गावसोरजोंनो सहायहायि एबा जेब्लाबो हाखु-दाखु, चायकात्रिनि सासे प्रफेसारआ बुङो। Children are often pressurized to use their time productively. खुदियाफोरआ जेब्लाबो बिसोरनि समखौ मुलाम्फागोनाङै बाहायनो नारसिनजायो। Children are tied up with organized sports, music lessons, dancing lessons, home work; they are often busier more than most of us. खुदियाफोरआ गौथुम गेलेमु, खनसार आयदाफोर, मोसानाय आयदाफोर, नखर खामानिजों बोनजायो; बिसोर जोबोरै जोंनि बांसिननिख्रुय बारा मुखुबसिन। Children are encouraged to set increasingly higher goals by parents who want the best for them. खुदियाफोरआ बिमाबिफाफोरजों जौगालुयै गोजौसिन थांखि गायसननो थुलुंगा-होजायो जाय बिसोरनि थाखाय साबसिनथारखौ लुबैयो। Some families create lofty standards just by silently disapproving of anything less than a top job. खायसे नखरफोरआ मोनसे गौजौ साखरिनिख्रुय खमसिन जेखौबो सिरियै गनायालासे देदगा-जौगा मानथाखो सोरजियो। This does not mean that a youngster who studies hard or practices enthusiastically for a team should be discouraged. बेयो फोरमायादि सासे लायमोनआ जाय गोब्राब फरायो एबा मोनसे हानजानि थाखाय गोसो-गुदुङै सर्सा-खालामनाया थुलुंगा-होजानाङा। It is important to distinguish between hard work and hard driving. गोब्राब खामानि आरो गोब्राब सालायनायनि गेजेराव फाराग-खालामनाया गोनां। In short, problems arise when type-A behaviour is carried to the extreme, ostensibly to help the child set a good example. सुंदयै, जेंनाफोरआ नुजायो जेब्ला रोखोम-ए आखुवा खुदियाखौ सासे मोजां बिदिन्थि गायसननायाव हेफाजाब-होनो मिथिखानाय-बादियै बांद्रायाव लाबोजायो। Adults should be aware of their own-type-A behaviour that their children may imitate. बैसो-गोराफोरआ बिसोरनि गावनि-रोखोम- ए आखुनिफ्राय सांग्रां जानांगौदि बिसोरनि खुदियाफोरआ उनसंनो हागौ। If the dad typically dashes from meeting to meeting, it will be hard for his children to learn how to relax. जुदि बिफाया नेरसोन-गोनाङै गौथुमनिफ्राय गौथुमसिम गारसोमो, बेयो बिनि खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय माबोरै जिरायनांगौखौ सोलोंनो गोब्राब जागोन। To prevent the sense of powerlessness, the children should be involved in deciding about things concerning them. गोहो-गैयिथिनि मोनदांथिखौ होबथानो खुदियाफोरआ बिसोरजों सोमोनदोगोनां जिनिसफोर सोमोनदै थि-खालामनायाव लोबबा-थानांगौ। It will be more soothing for a child to be asked if his problem has been eased rather than enquire about the score he got in the test? सासे खुदियानि थाखाय आनजादाव बियो मोननाय नाम्बार सोमोनदै सोंदावनायनिख्रुय बांसिन बिनि जेंनाया होखारजानायखौ सोंजानाया बांसिन खाबजाथाव। Encourage children to do their best, rather than compare themselves to others. खुदियाफोरखौ बिसोर-गावसोरखौनो गुबुनफोरजों रुजुनायनिख्रुय बांसिन बिसोरनि साबसिनखौ मावनो थुलुंगाहो। Coronary heart diseases are less common in women under 50 than in men. करनेरि मैखुन बेरामफोरआ 50 नि सिंनि आयजोफोरनियाव हौवाफोरनिख्रुय खमसिन जाफ्लेग्रा। In the West with the prevalence of smoking, the ratio has come down to one to three. सोनाबहा सोबनायनि सोलिबायथानायजों रुजुथाया सेनिफ्राय थामसिम गाहायाव फैबाय। Women wanted to do the work of men, accept all responsibilities and pleasures of men, So they have to pay the price for it. आयजोफोरआ हौवाफोरनि खामानिखौ मावनो लुबैयो, हौवाफोरनि गासै बिबानफोर आरो गोजोनथायफोरखौ नाजावो, बेखायनो बिसोर बेनि थाखाय बेसेन होनांगौ। After the age of 50 which also corresponds to menopause, the occurrence of diseases is almost similar to that of men. 50 बैसोनि उनाव जाय मासि-थाद’नायखौबो बिदिनथियो, बेरामनि नुजाथिनाया बैसोर हौवाफोरनिजों प्राय समानफ्राम। This can also be described as, risk increases in women and decreases in men after the age of 50. बेखौ गिथावनाया 50 नि बैसोनि उनाव आयजोफोरनियाव बाङो आरो हौवाफोरनियाव खमायो होनना फोरमायनो हायो। This is due to the fact that high risk men are already eliminated before the age of 50 by death or they already have had their first heart attack. बेयो बे थारनि थाखायदि गोबां गिथावना हौवाफोरआ 50 बैसोनि आगोल थैनायजों होखारजाखायो एबा बिसोर बिसोरनि गिबि मैखुन गाग्लोबथिखौ मोनखादोंमोन। If it is as high as 160 systolic and 100 diastolic as compared to the persons with normal blood pressure, take care. जुदि बेयो सरासनस्रा थै नारथाय गोनां सुबुंजों रुजुनाय बादियै 160 सिस्तलिक आरो 100 डायस्तलिक सेबां गोबां, जोथोन ला। If you have crossed forty five and have blood pressure you are an easier target for a heart attack or stroke. नों जुदि ब्रैजिबा बारबाय आरो थै नारथाय दं नों सासे मैखुन गाग्लोबथि एबा स्त्रकनि थाखाय गोरलैसिन नोजोर। Keeping blood pressure in check with the help of drugs is easy but to check the athermanous changes in blood vessels is not. मुलैफोरजों थै नारथायखौ नायसंगासिनो थानाया गोरलै नाथाय थै रोदायाव एथारमनास सोलायथायफोरखौ नायसंनाया नङा। Of course if you can keep blood pressure in check with low fat diet, exercise and relaxation you can reduce the risk. अदेबानि नों थै नारथायखौ खम मेजेम खाजा, ब्याम आरो जिरायनायजों नायसंगासिनो थानो हायोब्ला, नों गिथावनाखौ खमायनो हायो। Even then remember that good effect starts only after 3 years. होमब्लाबो गोसोखांदि मोजां बिजाउनआ 3 बोसोरफोरनि उनावल’ जागायो। In mid-fifties a report appeared in New York Times which said: Animal fat is tied to heart diseases, cholesterol found in meat, milk and eggs is linked to atherosclerosis. गेजेर-बाजि-जिथायाव निउ यर्क ताइमसआव मोनसे खौरां नुजादोंमोन जाय बुंदोंमोन: जुनारनि मेजेमआ मैखुन बेरामफोराव बोनजायो, बेदर, गायखेर आरो दावदैफोराव मोननाय कलेस्तेरलआ एथेरसक्लेरसिसजों सोमोनदो-गोनां। By 1960s the cholesterol theory - the notion that major risk factor is the elevated circulating fat cholesterol triglycerides became widely accepted among medical professionals. 1960 फोरनि कलेस्तेरल सानथाय – बे फोथायनायदि बांसिन गिथावना जाहोनफोरआ जादों जौगानाय मेजेम कलेस्तेरल त्रिगलिसेराइदफोरआ मुलै-बिगियान फालांगियारिफोरनि गेजेराव गुवारै नाजावजानाय जादोंमोन। It is important to note that there is a generalized elevated level of heart attacks among the urban and industrialized population compared to the agriculture society. बेयो मख’नो गोनांथारदि सोहोरारि आरो दारिमोनारि सुबुं-सानखोनि गेजेराव आबादारि समासजों रुजुनायाव मैखुन गाग्लोबथिफोरनि जौगानाय थाखोखौ मोनसे सरासनस्रा-खालामनाय दं। 78. An increased intake of saturated fats, refined sugar and total calorie by a sedentary population is harmful. 78. सासे मावथि-नङि मानसिजों गोगो मेजेमफोर, सोदांनाय सिनि आरो गासै केलरिनि लानाय बांनाया खहागोनां। In January 1984, a report on heart, after 10 years of research by a heart, lung and blood institute in the U.S. clearly showed that heart diseases are associated with high cholesterol levels in blood. 1984 जानुवारियाव, इउ. एस. नि मोनसे मैखुन, संफ्ल आरो थै फसंथानजों 10 बोसोरफोरनि नायसंफिननाय उनाव, मोनसे रादाबआ दिनथिदोंमोनदि मैखुन बेरामफोरआ थैयाव गोजौ कलेस्तेरल थाखोफोरजों सोमोनदो-गोनां। They suggested that the cholesterol lowering diet is the master key to preventing heart diseases and should be adopted by everyone. बिसोर बोसोनथिदोंमोनदि कलेस्तेरल खमायनाय खाजाया मैखुन बेरामफोर होबथानायनि गाहाय साबि आरो साफ्रोमजोंबो नाजावजानांगौ। Dr. Jeremiah Stamler, an eminent heart researcher said: "It is reasonable to designate rich diet as the cause of the current epidemic of premature atherosclerotic diseases raging in the Western industrialized countries". ड° जेरिमिया स्तेमलार, सासे मुंदांखा मैखुन नायसंफिनगिरिया बुंदोंमोन: “रायि एथेरसक्लेरसिस बेरामफोरनि सोलिफुनाय बारदेरनायनि जाहोना सोनाबारि दारिमोनारि हादोरफोराव गोख्रों हिसाबै धोनि खाजा महरहोनाया गनायथाव। Some heart researchers hold the view that it is necessary to reduce the consumption of saturated fat - (animal fat as in meat, egg and ghee). खायसे मैखुन नायसंफिनगिरिफोरआ बिबुंथि बाहायदोंदि गोगो मेजेम जानायखौ खमायनाया गोनां – (बेदर, दावदै आरो घिउनि बादि जुनार मेजेम)। The effect of unsaturated fat (vegetable oils like sunflower, soya bean or corn oil) is not so dangerous. गोगो-नङि मेजेम (मैगं थाव जेरै सानबिबार, सया बिन एबा बेगर थाव) नि गोहोमआ गिथाव नङा। It means that if food is cooked in 'vegetable oil (instead of ghee or butter) you are less susceptible to atherosclerosis. बेनि ओंथिया बै जुदि आदारआ मैगं थावजों (घिउ एबा माखननि सोलायै) संजायो नों एथेरसक्लेरसिसजों खम गोसो-बोजाथाव। The danger is that most people consider that unsaturated fat consumption is healthy. गिथावनाया जादोंदि बांसिन सुबुङा गनायोदि गोगो-नङि मेजेम जानाया सावस्रि। A Norwegian study on reducing heart diseases came to the conclusion that the best way to minimize heart diseases is to cut down on all fats of whatever kind. मैखुन बेरामफोर खमायनायनि सायाव मोनसे नरवेयारि बिजिरथाया थिरांथायाव फैदोंमोनदि मैखुन बेरामफोरखौ खमायनायनि साबसिनथार लामाया जादों जायखिजाया रोखोमनि गासै मेजेमफोखौ फोजोबस्रांनाय। Avoid fried food and if you insist to eat potato fingers cut straight and cut it thick. एवनाय आदारखौ नेवसि आरो जुदि नों पतेत’ फिंगार जानो लुबैथारो थोंजों हा आरो बेखौ गथायै हा। If they are crinkle cut or thinly cut they will absorb more oil as their surface area increases. बेफोरो खथ्रा-खथ्रि हाजायो एबा गोबायै हाजायोब्ला बेफोरनि सा बाहागोआ बारायो हिसाबै बेफोरो गोबां थाव सोबखाङो। Do not put oil in your dough or batter because when frying it will be soft but will absorb more oil. नोंनि नानाय-आता एबा नानाय-मैदायाव थाव दा दाजाबदेर मानोना बेखौ एवनायाव बेयो गुरै जागोन नाथाय गोबां थाव सोबखांगोन। Their consumption of fat and, as a result, the total number of heart attacks is falling. बिसोरनि मेजेमनि जानाया आरो फिथाइ महरै, मैखुन गाग्लोबथिनि गासै अनजिमाया फैमाल-जायो। Hundreds of thousands of people have adopted a vegetarian diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol. रोजा-रोजा जौ मानसिफोरआ गोगो मेजेम आरो कलेस्तेरलाव खम मैगंआरि खाजा नाजावबाय। If the heart machine stops, the oxygen is cut off and the person will die unless a special artificial device is used to stimulate the heart. मैखुनाव जोनथोरआ बनद’जायो, अक्सिजेनआ दबथायजायो आरो मानसिया मैखुनखौ खामानि-होनो मोनसे जर’खा बानायलु जोनथोर बाहायजायाब्ला थैगोन। Each side of the heart performs a different pumping job. मैखुननि मोनफ्रोम फारआ गुबुन-गुबुन बारसुनाय खामानि मावफुङो। Blood entering the right side of the heart contains carbon dioxide, a waste product. मैखुननि आगदा फारसेजों हाबनाय थैयाव कारबण डायअक्साइड, मोनसे सिगार-मुवा दिहुनथाय लाफादेरो। All blood entering the right side of the heart goes to the lungs before it reaches the left side of the heart. मैखुननि आगदा फारसेजों हाबनाय गासै थैया बेयो मैखुननि आगसि फारसेखौ सहैनायनि आगोल संफ्लफोराव थाङो। In the lungs the carbon dioxide is removed and oxygen is added to the blood. संफ्लफोराव कारबण डाय-अक्साइडआ बोखारजायो आरो अक्सिजेनफोरा थैयाव दाजाबदेरजायो। Blood that flows from the left side of the heart contains fresh oxygen. थैया जाय मैखुननि आगसि फारसेनिफ्राय बोहैयो थाजिम अक्सिजेन लाफायो। The oxygen is used in the body cells to produce energy. अक्सिजेनखौ देहा जिबख्रिफोराव गोहो दिहुननो बाहायनाय जायो। Without oxygen the body cells stop working. अक्सिजेन गैयाब्ला देहा जिबख्रिफोरआ खामानि-मावनो थाद’यो। An adult heart normally beats about 70 times a minute, but the rate changes automatically to provide as much or as little oxygen as the body needs. मोनसे बैसोगोरा मैखुनआ सरासनस्रायै मिनितसेयाव 70 खेबफ्राम मावो, नाथाय हारआ देहानो नांनाय हिसाबै गोबां एबा खम अक्सिजेन जगायनो गावनो-गाव सोलायो। The body needs a log of fuel for strenuous exercise as swimming or ice skating. देहानो सानस्रिनाय एबा बरफ स्केत-जावनाय बादि गोख्रों ब्यामफोरनि थाखाय बननि दमफां-थुख्रा गोनां-जायो। For this reason, the heart beats rapidly when a person swims or skates. बे जाहोननि थाखाय, मैखुना गोख्रैयै मावो जेब्ला सासे मानसेया सानस्रियो एबा स्केत-जावो। It is rushing more oxygen to the body by speeding the flow of blood. देहायाव थैनि बोहैनायखौ गोख्रै-जाहोनानै बांसिन अक्सिजेन खारसारो। If the person stops exercising, the heart gradually slows down. मानसिया ब्याम-खालामनो थाद’योब्ला, मैखुनआ लासै-लासै लासै जायो। The heart beats faster when a person is angry, afraid or excited. मैखुन मावथाया गोख्रैसिन, जेब्ला सासे मानसिया रागा-जोङो, गियो एबा बोदोर-जायो। It is rushing more oxygen to the muscles to prepare a person for fighting or for running away. मोदोम-गेहेनफोराव सासे मानसिखौ बुदलायनो एबा खारखोमानो थाखाय थियारि-खालामनो बांसिन अक्सिजेन खारसारो। Atherosclerosis is a condition when deposits of fatty material and calcium narrow the arteries and roughen their normally smooth lining. एथेरसक्लेरसिसआ मोनसे थासारि जेब्ला मेजेमगोनां मुवाखौ दोनथुमो आरो केलसियामआ थै-रोदाफोरखौ फुसेबो आरो बिसोरनि सरासनस्रा रैदुब जोख्लोबनायखौ राहोयो। Substances from the ruptured cells irritate the nearby tissues causing scars and the artery wall becomes hard, rough and narrow. गुब्रुनाय जिबख्रिफोरनिफ्राय थाफादेरफोरआ खाथि-खालानि तिसुफोरखौ दागो सोमजिहोनानै खायसो-खालामो आरो थैरोदा इनजुरआ गोरा, खाब्रां आरो गुसेब जायो। The coronary arteries which nourish the heart muscle itself are more frequently affected by this ailment than the others. करनेरि थै-रोदाफोरा जायफोर मैखुन मोदोम-गेहेनखौ बेखौल’ जाहोयोआ बे बेरामजों गुबुनफोरनिख्रुय बांसिन गलेगलेयै गोहोम-खोख्लैजायो। Hardening reduces the heart's blood supply and may cause a pain (angina pectoris). गोरा-जानाया मैखुननि थै जगायनायखौ खमायहोयो आरो सानाय (एंगिना पेक्तरस) सोमजिहोनो हागौ। The rough surface of the wall together with the sluggish flow of blood through the narrow channels may cause a clot to form, a thrombus. इनजुरनि गोरा सा-सिमाया गुसेब नोलिफोरनि गेजेरजों थैनि लासै बोहैनायजों जयै मोनसे लाद्रा दानो लाथा सोमजिहोनो हागौ। A thrombus or embolus may block the artery altogether. मोनसे लाद्रा एबा लाथाफोरआ थैरोदाखौ जयै होथेनो हागौ। A blocked artery in the brain causes a stroke. मेलेमाव थैरोदा होथेनाया स्त्रक सोमजिहोयो। Blockage in a coronary artery causes heart attack. मोनसे करनेरि थैरोदायाव होथेनाया मैखुन गाग्लोबथि सोमजिहोयो। Hypertension is caused by an increased resistance to the flow of the blood. बांसिनथाया थैनि बोहैनायाव बांनाय हेंथाजों सोमजिहोजायो। Rheumatic Fever is a disease of the young, but not always and is caused by bacteria that cause blood poisoning and scarlet fever. रिउमेतिक लोमजानाया लायमोननि मोनसे बेराम, नाथाय अरायबो नङा आरो बेकतेरियाजों सोमजिहोजायो जाय थै बिष-जानाय आरो स्कारलेत लोमजानाय सोमजिहोयो। Congenital heart disease is an ailment present at birth. जोनोमारि मैखुन बेरामआ जोनोमाव नुजाथिनाय मोनसे बेराम। A blue baby has a congenital heart disorder. सासे गोमो खुदियाहा जोनोमारि मैखुन थिनङि थायो। Bacterial endocarditic can be prevented by giving patients prone to infection adequate doses of antibiotics, before and after operation. बेक्तेरियायारि इनदकारदितिकखौ जन्थ्र-सिकितसानि आगोल आरो उनाव, बारदेरनाया जाथाव बेरामिफोरनो एनतिबायतिकनि थोजासे फालिफोर होनानै होबथानो हायो। Fibrillation is a condition in which the muscle fibres of the heart work without coordination with an irregular rhythm. फिसा-बेजेफोरआ मोनसे थासारि जेराव मैखुननि मोदोम-गेहेन बेजेफोरआ नेमारिनङि मावथायफोरजों गोरोबथि गैयालासे खामानि-मावो। There is still a long way to go in using genetic engineering and making it available to the common man. जोनोमारि जोनथोर-बिगियान बाहायनायाव आरो बेखौ सरासनस्रा मानसिनो मोनहासथाव खालामनायाव थांनो दासिमबो गोलाव लामा दं। A heart attack is always sudden, it comes when we least expect it. मैनसे मैखुन गाग्लोबथिया जेब्लाबो हरखाब, बेयो जायो जेब्ला जों खमैबो बेखौ मिजिंथियो। It may come suddenly when we are actively engaged in work or in the peak of achievement and prosperity and in fact even while enjoying good health in our forties. बेयो हरखाबै फैनो हागौ जेब्ला जों मावथियै खामानियाव मुखुब-जायो एबा जाफुंसारनाय आरो देरहासारनि थिखिनियाव आरो थारै जोंनि ब्रैजि-बैसोरफोराव मोजां सावस्रि रंजानाय समावबो। Then all of a sudden everything turns dark, there is grief and everlasting silence. अब्ला हरखाबै गासैबो खोमसियाव जायो, बिहाय दुखु आरो अरायजोर सिरिथि दं। Many leave behind young growing children who are studying, a wife with many more years ahead of her, or may be a shattered business. गोबाङा लायमोन जौगानाय खुदियाफोर जायफोर फरायगासिनो दं, बिनि जोबोर गोबां बोसोर सिगांफारसेनि बिसि, एबा जानो-हागौ मोनसे बायफ्लेनाय फालांगिखौ उनाव नागारो। Except for a few congenital heart diseases the overwhelming majority of heart diseases are not inherited or imposed on us by an unkind nature. इसेल’थार जोनोमारि मैखुन बेरामफोरनि थाखायनि अनगायै मैखुन बेरामफोरनि गोख्रों बांसिना अनागारि आखुजों जोंनियाव उनमोनहोजाया एबा जाबसिनजाया। It has become the most common and devastating disease of the modern times, fostered by affluence and bred by tension. बेयो धोनजों जौगाहोजानाय आरो सिन्थाजों सोमजिहोजानाय गोदान समफोरनि जोबोर सरासनस्रा आरो फोजोबलु बेराम जाबाय। Leading cardiologist Dr. B.K.Goyal disclosed in a seminar in Mumbai that the incidence of heart diseases was increasing and that in India, that day the figure of heart patients stood at 3.5 million. जौगाफुनाय कारडियलजिस्त ड° बि. के. गयालआ मुमबायनि मोनसे सावरायमेलाव नुसारहोदोंमोनदि मैखुन बेरामफोरनि जाब्रथाया बांगासिनो दंमोन आरो भारताव बै सानाव मैखुन बेरामिफोरा 3.5 मिलन जादोंमोन। On the other hand the incidence of such diseases has been going down in the United States in the last 10 years because it was being tackled from many fronts. गुबुन फारसेथिं बिदि बेरामफोरनि जाब्रथाया जुथाय हादोराव थांनाय 10 बोसोरफोराव गाहायाव थांबोगासिनो दं मानोना बेयो गोबां मोखाङाव बोस्रां-जागासिनो दं। In the western world which has suffered the ravages of heart related ailments, there is a growing awareness regarding the food to eat and the life style they should adapt. सोनाबारि मुलुगाव जाय मैखुन सोमोनदो-गोनां बेरामफोरनि खहाफोरखौ भुगिबाय बिहाय जानो-गोनां आदार आरो बिसोर नाजावनो-गोनां जिव आदब सोमोनदै सांग्रांथि बांगासिनो दं। An undernourished person may live in unhygienic conditions and succumb to tuberculosis. सासे पुष्टिमोनि सुबुङा सावस्रिगोनां-नङि थासारिफोराव जिवखुंनो आरो तिउबारकुलसिसनि गेजेन जानो हागौ। A rich, well-fed, tensed up person living in clean surroundings may succumb to a bad heart. साब-सिखोन सोरगिदिंथिफोराव जिवखुंनाय सासे धोनि, मोजां-जाहोजानाय, सिन्था जानाय सुबुङा मोनसे गाज्रि मैखुननिसिम खर-गंग्लायनो हागौ। Diseases of the heart are increasing every year because the life style and the pace of modern living is getting faster. मैखुननि बेरामफोरआ बोसोरफ्रोमबो बांगासिनो दं मानोना जिव आदब आरो गोदान जिव-खुंनायनि आगाना गोख्रैसिन जागासिनो दं। That is if we can understand the factors which have-been contributing to heart disease and modify our way of living. बैयो जादों जुदि जों जाहोनफोरखौ बुजिनो हायो जाय मैखुन बेरामाव अब’दान-होबोगासिनो दं आरो जोंनि जिवखुंनाय राहाखौ फोसाब। The coronary disease is not a new disease. करनेरि बेरामा मोनसे गोदान बेराम नङा। A powerful Roman senator while delivering before the Senate a forceful speech collapsed and expired before he could leave the Hall. सासे रमान सिनेतरआ सिनेतनि सिगाङाव मोनसे गोहो-गोनां बिबुंथि होनाय समाव गोग्लैदोंमोन आरो बियो नमाखौ नागारनो हानायनि आगोल थैदोंमोन। This was attributed to the failure of his heart, a coronary malfunction. बेयो बिनि मोनसे करनेरि खामानि-होयि, मैखुन फेलेंजों खालामजादोंमोन। As we grow and the years pass by there are a few changes in the internal lining and walls of the arteries. जै जों देरो आरो बोसोरफोरआ बारलाङो बिहाय थैरोदाफोरनि इसिङारि जोख्लोबग्रा आरो इनजुरफोरनि इसे सोलायनाय जायो। The blood vessels which carry blood from the heart suffer from degeneration in the internal lining of the blood vessels and as time goes on gradually it narrows the passage apparently, though initially, it has no bad effect on the body. थै दोफोरा जाय मैखुननिफ्राय थै रोगायो थै दोफोरनि इसिङारि खोबग्राफोरनि गोग्लैसोनायाव भुगियो आरो जै समआ लासै-लासै थांगासिनो थायो, बेहा जागायनायाव देहायाव गाज्रि बिजाउन गैयाब्लाबो बेयो थारैनो हाब्लांखौ फुसेबो। In the beginning a fruit juice diet is good. जागायनायाव फिथाइ बिदै खाजाया मोजां। Fruit juice is a source of fructose and potassium and will help in the recovery of the heart. फिथाइ बिदैया फ्रुकतस आरो पतासियामनि मोनसे फुंखा आरो मैखुननि हामनायाव हेफाजाब-होगोन। A small quantity of honey in water with little fresh lime will be useful. इसे थाजिम लेबुजों दैयाव खम बिबांनि मौ-बिदैया बाहायफुंथाव जागोन। Raisins soaked for 12 hours and then crushed in water and filtered are recommended. 12 घनताफोरनि थाखाय फिथाइ-गोरानफोर सोमहाबनाय आरो बेनि-उनाव दैयाव सिफ्रुनाय आरो सरनाया बोसोन-होथाव। Plain water must be given from time to time. दै गोजाल’आ सम मथै होजाथारनांगौ। Give juices or water in small quantities and frequently. खम बिबांफोरनि बिदैफोर एबा दै हो आरो गले-गलैयै। The patient is asked not to strain himself during defecation. जब्राया सुस्रांगारनाय समाव गावखौनो राफोदहोनो बिथोनजानाङो। For the first 3-4 days the patient is given a bedpan, later he can safely use a bedside commode. गिबि 3-4 सानफोरनि थाखाय जब्रानो मोनसे दो होनाय जायो, उनाव बियो रैखाथियै मोनसे एम-सेरारि आयजें बाहायनो हायो। Fruits, soups, boiled vegetables and whole wheat chapatti are recommended. फिथाइफोर, रोसिफोर, रुनाय मैगंफोर आरो गासै मैदा चापातिफोरआ बोसोन-होथाव। Vegetables should be boiled with no salt. मैगंफोरआ संख्रै गैयालासे रुजानांगौ। A little curd can be taken along with lunch and dinner. इसे गायखेर-दाखाखौ सानजौफु-खाजा आरो गाहाय-खाजाजों लोगोसे आजावनो हायो। If you stick to this regimen recovery will be fast, and you can work out the future course without any more heart attacks, with normal physical activity and enjoy a long life with the help of exercise, diet, relaxation but avoiding all risk factors like smoking, drinking, high calorie food and tension. नों बे सावस्रि-बिखानथियाव नांथाबोब्ला हामनाया गोख्रै जागोन, आरो इयुन फारि-खान्थिखौ जेबो मैखुन गाग्लोबथिफोर गैयालासे सरासनस्रा देहायारि मावथायजों मावनो आरो ब्याम, खाजा, जिरायनायनि हेफाजाबजों नाथाय गासै गिथावना जेरै सोबनाय, लोंनाय, गोबां केल’रि खाजा आरो सिनथाखौ नेवसिनानै गोलाव जिव रंजानो हायो। Exercise is recommended, it should neither be too little nor too much. ब्यामआ बोसोन-होथाव, बेयो जोबोर खमबो जोबोर बाराबो जानाङा। The maximum heart capacity is measured by the cardiologist and you must exercise under expert supervision. बांसिन मैखुन हानाय-गोहोखौ कारडियलजिस्तजों सुनाय जायो आरो नों रोंगौसार नायगिदिंथिनि सिङाव ब्याम-खालामथारनांगोन। Start with short slow walks of 15 minutes and gradually increase them to 45 minutes. 15 मिनितफोर सुंद’ लासै थाबायनायफोरजों जागाय आरो लासै-लासै बेफोरखौ 45 मिनितफोरसिम बाराय। You can make your walks brisker as the heart gains strength. जै मैखुना गोख्रोंथि आरजियो नों नोंनि थाबायनायखौ गोख्रोंसिन खालामनो हायो। In a year's time you may be jogging or doing strenuous exercise like any normal person of your age and capable of taking the strain which you were incapable to take before. बोसोरनि मोनसे समाव नों जगिं एबा नोंनि बैसोनि जायखि-जाया सरासनस्रा मानसि बादि गोख्रों ब्याम खालामनो आरो गोख्रोंथिखौ आजावनो हानाय जानो हागौ जायफोरखौ आगोलाव नों आजावहायामोन। Exercise will increase the circulation of blood to the heart. ब्यामा मैखुनसिम थैनि गिदिंखननायखौ बारायगोन। It will relax you and will bring down the cholesterol level. बेयो नोंखौ थाजिमहोगोन आरो कलेस्तेरल थाखोखौ गाहायाव लाबोगोन। Take a low calorie, low fat, and high fibre food. खम केलरि, खम मेजेम, आरो बां बेजे आदार आजाव। Take fruits, cow's milk or low fat milk for breakfast. फुं-खाजानि थाखाय फिथाइफोर, मोसौ-गायनि गायखेर एबा खम मेजेम गायखेर आजाव। Avoid sugar, Sugar is as bad as oil and ghee, being a high calorie food without fibre, it increases cholesterol. सिनि नेवसि, सिनिया बेजे गैयालासे बां केल’रि आदार थाफानानै थाव आरो घिउनि सेबां गाज्रि, बेयो कलेस्तेरलखौ बारायो। You may have all types of fruits. नोंहा गासै रोखोमनि फिथाइफोर नाजावनो हागौ। The citrus fruits and apples are good. चित्रास फिथाइफोर आरो आफेलफोरआ मोजां। Take different fruits on different days. गुबुन-गुबुन सानफोराव गुबुन-गुबुन फिथाइफोर आजाव। I suggest oranges, sweet limes, apples, pineapples, rose apples, papayas, water berries, raspberries, custard apple. आं खमलाफोर, गोदै लेबुफोर, आफेलफोर, रैमालिफोर, गलाफि आफेलफोर, मैथ्रुफोर, वातार बेरिफोर, रेस्पबेरिफोर, कास्तार्द आफेलफोरखौ बोसोन-होयो। Any fruit is good enough. जायखिजाया फिथाइयानो थोजासे मोजां। Prefer a fruit instead of juice. बिदैनि सोलायै थायसे फिथाइ फसाय। They are a rich source of fibres and vitamins. बेफोरो बेजेफोर आरो भितामिनफोरनि फुंखा। Take boiled vegetables, salads and dry whole wheat chapatti and a little curd or pulses if you want to. रुनाय मैगंफोर, सालादफोर आरो गोरान मैदा गोजाल’ चापाति आरो इसे गायखेर-दाखा एबा बेगर-आदारफोर आजाव जुदि नों लुबैयो। Prefer green vegetables, leafy vegetables like parwal, white pumpkin, tinda, tori, cabbage, spinach, tomato, French beans, cauliflower, ladies' fingers, potatoes etc. गोथां मैगंफोर, बिलाय-गोनां मैगंफोर जेरै पारवाल, गुफुर जोगोनार, तिनदा, तरि, बान्दा-कबि, स्पिनेक, एम्बु-फानथाव, फ्रेन्स बिनफोर, फुल-कबि, भेण्डीफोर, आलुफोर बायदि-बायदिखौ फसाय। For salad add lettuce, cabbage, cucumber, carrots, tomato, beetroots, onions etc. चालाडनि थाखाय लेतिउस, बान्दाकबि, थायसुम, गाज’रफोर, एम्बु-फान्थाव, बितरोदाफोर, पियास बायदि-बायदि दाजाबदेर। Do not take too much salad, if it causes flatulence. जोबोर बांद्राय चालाड दा जा, जुदि बेयो गेस सोमजिहोयो। Eat sweet fruits like grapes, or an apple after lunch or dinner instead of a sweet dessert. सान्जौफु-खाजा एबा गाहाय-खाजानि उनाव गोदै देजारतनि सोलायै गोदै फिथाइफोर जा जेरै आंगुरफोर, एबा थायसे आफेल। A glass of juice or coconut water or vegetable juice in the afternoon is recommended. बेलासेयाव गिलाससे बिदै एबा नालेंखर दै एबा मैगं बिदैया बोसोन-होथाव। In the evenings take vegetable soup, boiled vegetable, two whole wheat chapatti and fruits. मोनाबिलिफोराव मैगं सप, रुनाय मैगं, गांनै गासै मैदा चापाति आरो फिथाइफोर आजाव। Avoid items which are difficult to digest like fried food, meat, sweet, chocolates, ice cream, cold drinks, alcohol, and condiments. जायफोर मुवाफोरा दोगोन-जानो गोब्राब जेरै एवनाय आदार, बेदर, गोदै, चकलेतफोर, बरब क्रिम, गुसु लोंमुवाफोर, फेग्रा-मुवा, आरो मसला-मसलि मुवाफोरखौ नेवसि। Food should be easily digestible. आदारफोरआ गोरलैयै दोगोन-जाथाव जानांगौ। In between whenever you feel like eating something eats a fruit or drink a glass of juice. गेजेराव जेब्लानो नों माबा-इसे जानो गोसो जायो फिथाइ जा एबा गिलाससे बिदै लों। Drink water in small quantities and more frequently rather than in large quantities at a time. खनसे समावनो गोबां बांद्राय बिबांनिख्रुय खम बिबांनि दै लों आरो बांसिन गले-गलेयै। Take at least 1 or 2 litres of water a day. सानसेयाव खमैबो 1 एबा 2 लितारफोर दै आजाव। A glass of warm water with fresh lime and a spoon of honey (pure) first thing in the morning is a good thing. फुङाव गिबि जिराद थाजिम लेबु आरो सामुससे मौ-बिदै (गोगो) जों गिलाससे दुंब्रुद दैया मोनसे मोजां मुवा। It will help you to evacuate easily. बेयो नोंखौ गोरलैयै सिगारनायाव हेफाजाब-होगोन। Avoid taking water along with food. आदारजों लोगोसे दै आजावनायखौ नेवसि। Better to take it 1/2 an hour before or one hour after lunch. बेखौ सानजौफु-खाजानि ½ घनता आगोल एबा से घनता उनाव आजावनाया साबसिन। It dilutes the digestive juices and hinders proper digestion. बेयो दोगोन-जाथाव बिदैफोरखौ लावलाव-जाहोयो आरो थि दोगोन-जानायखौ होबथायो। It will help you to get good sleep. बेयो नोंखौ मोजां उनदुहोनायाव हेफाजाब-होगोन। Low calorie food will bring down cholesterol and reduce strain on the heart. खम केलरि आदारआ कलेस्तेरलखौ गाहायाव लाबो आरो मैखुनाव गोख्रोंथि खमायो। Do not smoke or chew tobacco. थांखु दा सोब एबा दा सावग्लि। Nicotine increases heart beat and is bad for the heart. निकतिना मैखुन मावथायखौ बांहोयो आरो मैखुननि थाखाय गाज्रि। Take sun bath in the early hours preferably before 8 am. आगु घनताफोराव फसायथावनायै फुंनि 8 बाजिनि आगोल सानदुं सायनाय आजाव। Sun bathing is pleasant for about an hour a day. सानदुं सायनाया सानसेयाव घनता मोनसेफ्रामनि थाखाय गोजोनथाव। Water treatment could also be of significant help. दै जोथोनाबो ओंथिगोनां हेफाजाब जानो हागौ। Do not take water treatment which is too hot, like sauna or steam bath. दै जोथोन दा ला जाय जोबोर गुदुं, जेरै चावना एबा खफ दुगैनाय। Initially, body sponging twice a day will be good. जागायनायाव, देहाखौ सानसेयाव खननैयै हुगारनाया मोजां जागोन। Later on take a cold pack on the legs. उनाव आथिङाव गुसु क्रिम ला। It helps to relax and induces sleep. बेयो जिरायनो आरो उनदुनो ओंखारनायाव हेफाजाब-होगोन। Take it for 45 minutes in the afternoon or before going to bed. बेलासेयाव एबा उनदुनो थांनायनि आगोल 45 मिनितफोरनि थाखाय बेखौ ला। It could be alternated with an abdominal pack when you are mobile. जेब्ला नों बेरायग्लाङो बेयो मोनसे अहेबारि क्रिमजों सोलायजानो हागौ। Have a total wash before going to bed. एमाव थांनायनि आगोल गासै सुस्रांना ला। This will relax and induce good sleep. बेयो थाजिमहोगोन आरो मोजां उनदुनो ओंखारहोगोन। Foot bath with increasing temperature will help relieve chest pain. बांहोनाय दुंनायजों आथिं सुस्रानाया जेरबा सानायखौ थाजिमहोनायाव हेफाजाब-होगोन। Take arm baths at changing temperatures. सोलायनाय बिदुङाव आखान्थि सुस्रांनाय आजाव। It invigorates the heart and respiration. बेयो मैखुन आरो हांबोनाय-हगारनायखौ गोख्रों-जाहोयो। Avoid worries, share responsibilities. जिंगाफोरखौ नेवसि, बिबानफोरखौ नाजावलाय। Do not get into arguments or get excited. दानथे-बिदानथे दालाबो एबा बोदोर दाजा। Keep the atmosphere around cheerful. आबहावाखौ सोरगिदिं रंजालु लाखि। Do savasana twice a day 15 minutes each time. सानसेयाव मोनफ्रोम समाव 15 मिनितफोरै खननै सभासन खालाम। Learn other techniques to relax and use them more often. जिरायनायनि गुबुन सोलोफोर सोलों आरो बेफोरखौ बांसिन गलेगले बाहाय। Meditation is useful for a heart patient. धियाना सासे मैखुन बेरामिनि थाखाय बाहायफुंथाव। Pranayama is also useful. प्रनायमाबो बाहायफुंथाव। A heart attack is caused by your lifestyle, change it and avoid another heart attack forever. मैखुन गाग्लोबथिया नोंनि जिव-आदबजों सोमजिहोजायो, बेखौ सोलाय आरो अरायनि थाखाय गुबुन मैखुन गाग्लोबथि नेवसि। The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac about the size of a golf ball that lies beneath the right side of the liver. गलब्लादारआ गफ बलनि महरफ्राम दुलुर गांसे जलंगा महरनि जाय बिखानि आगदा फारसेजों गाहायाव थायो। Its main purpose is to collect and concentrate bile, which is a natural agent for digesting fats in the food we eat. बिनि गाहाय थांखिया जादों पिटतु-दै बुथुमनाय आरो जथायनाय, जाय जों जानाय आदाराव मेजेमफोर दोगोन-जाहोनायनि थाखाय मोनसे मिथिंगायारि थान्दै। Bile is a clear golden yellow liquid produced in the liver and stored temporarily in the gallbladder. पितटु-दैया मोनसे बिखायाव सोमजिनाय आरो गलब्लादाराव दानदिसेयारियै लाखिजानाय रोखा गोमो सना-गाब लावमुवा। After we have eaten food that contains fats, the gallbladder releases bile, which travels through ducts (known as the cystic and the common bile ducts) to the small intestines where digestion of fatty food takes place. जों जाय मेजेमफोर थाफानाय आदार जानाय उनाव, गलब्लादारआ पितटु-दै हगारो जाय नोलिफोर (गोमोदैयारि आरो सरासनस्रा पितटु-दै नोलिफोर महरै मिथिजानाय) गेजेरजों फिसा बिबुफोरसिम दावबायो जेराव मेजेम-बहरा आदारनि दोगोनआ जायगा लायो। There are many possible factors that lead to people developing gallbladder problems. गोबां जाथाव जाहोनफोर दं जाय गलब्लादार जेंनाफोर जौगानाय सुबुंसिम दैदेनो। It is believed to be related either to how our bodies process cholesterol in food or due to gallbladder infection. जोंनि देहाफोरा आदाराव माबोरै कलेस्तेरल बिखान्थियो नङाब्ला गलब्लादार बारदेरनायनि जाहोनजों सोमोनदो-गोनां होनना फोथायजायो। Gallbladder problems are usually caused by the presence of gallstones. गलब्लादार जेंनाफोरआ सरासनस्रायै गलअन्थायफोरनि नुजाथिनायजों सोमजिहोजायो। Gallstones form when the bile and other liquid chemicals inside the gallbladder go out of balance. गल-अन्थायफोरआ महरलायो जेब्ला गलब्लादारनि सिङाव पितटु-दै आरो गुबुन लावमुवा रसायनफोरआ समानथिनि बायजोआव थाङो। The result is the chemical mixture turning into solid form or sediments. फिथाइया गथा महर एबा गोदिफोराव सोलायनाय रसायनारि गलायथाय। Over time, some of these sediments begin to grow larger in size and become what is known as gallstones. उफेरा समाव, बेफोर गोदिफोरनि खायसेया महराव गेदेरसिन देरनो जागायो आरो जायखौ गलअन्थाय महरै मिथिनाय जायो। If the gallstone is large and travels into the cystic duct, it may block the flow of bile out of the gallbladder. जुदि गलअन्थाया गेदेर आरो गोमोदैयारि नोलिसिम थाङो, बेयो गलब्लादारनि मादाव पितटु-दैनि बोहैनायखौ बनद-जाहोनो हागौ। With its outlet blocked, the gallbladder begins to swell. बेनि लामा बनद-जानायजों गलब्लादारआ बुदबनो जागायो। When the gallbladder becomes over filled with bile, back flow of bile may occur. जेब्ला गलब्लादारआ पितटु-दैजों बुंसारद्रायनाय जायो, पितटु-दैनि उलथा बोहैनाया नुजानो हागौ। As a result, the gallbladder may become infected. फिथाइ महरै गलब्लादारआ सनदेरजानाय जानो हागौ। Symptoms include sharp right sided or central abdominal pain, usually after meals, especially after oily food such as deep fried food, curry etc. लैखोनफोरा गोफार आगदा फारसेयारि एबा मिरु अहेबारि सानायखौ लाफायो, सरासनस्रायै खाजाफोरनि उनाव, जरखायै थावारि आदार जेरै बादि बांद्राय एवनाय आदार, ओंख्रै बायदि-बायदि। The pain may radiate to the back or shoulder tip. सानाया बिखुं एबा फाफ्लि सासिम गोसारनो हागौ। Nausea, vomiting, fever or jaundice may accompany this. गोबाल’नाय, गोबानाय, लोमजानाय एबा जनदिसआ बेजों फैफानो हागौ। Your doctor may use ultrasound scan to confirm if you have a gallbladder problem. नोंनि डाकथारा थि-खालामनो आलत्रासाउन्द स्केन बाहायनो हागौ, जुदि नोंहा गलब्लादार जेंना दं। After learning your medical history, your doctor may examine you to find out about signs, health problems, and risk factors that point to gallbladder disease. नोंनि मुलैबिगियान जारिमिनखौ सोलोंनायनि उनाव, नोंनि डाकथारा नेरसोनफोर, सावस्रि जेंनाफोर, आरो गिथाव जाहोनफोर सोमोनदै दिहुनसंनो आनजाद-नायनो हागौ जाय गलब्लादार बेरामफोरखौ बिदिनथियो। Diagnostic investigations such as blood tests, ultrasound and CT scan may be used to confirm the problem. लैखोन-संथायारि नायबिजिरथायफोर जेरै बादि थै आनजादफोर, आलत्रासाउन्द आरो सि ति स्केनआ जेंनाखौ थि-खालामनो बाहायजानो हागौ। If all goes smoothly, you may go home 2-3 days after the operation. गासैबो रैदुबै थाङोब्ला, अस्त्र-सितिसानि 2-3 सानफोर उनाव नवाव थांनो हागौ। It may be necessary to postpone the operation. अस्त्र-सितिसाखौ फावसायथ’नो गोनां जानो हागौ। You are advised not to bring excessive money or valuables when you come in for operation. नोंखौ बांद्राय रां एबा बेसेन-गोसाफोर दा लाबोनो बोसोन-होनाय जायो जेब्ला नों अस्त्र-सिकितसानि थाखाय फैयो। If you need help at home when you leave the hospital, please inform your nurse. जुदि नोंनो नवाव हेफाजाब नांगौ जेब्ला नों हस्पितालखौ नागारो, अननानै नोंनि नार्सनो फोरमाय। One of the hospital social workers will speak to you and your family. हस्पिताल समाज मावख’गिरिफोरनि सासेया नों आरो नोंनि नखरजों रायज्लायगोन। After you arrive in the ward, the nurse will help you settle in and will check your weight and temperature, pulse, respiratory rate and blood pressure. वार्डआव सफैनायनि उनाव, नार्सआ नोंखौ थानायाव हेफाजाब-होगोन आरो नोंनि लिरथाय आरो बिदुं, मैखुन-मावथाय, हांबोनाय-हगारनाय हार आरो थै नारथायखौ नायसंगोन। Your doctor will ask you for your medical history and examine you. नोंनि डाकथारआ नोंखौ नोंनि मुलैबिगियान जारिमिननि थाखाय सोंगोन आरो नोंखौ आनजाद-नायगोन। He or she will explain to you the nature of your operation as well as its complications. बियो एबा बियो नोंनि अस्त्र-सिकितसा आरो फोजोबथायफोरनि आखुखौ बुंफोरगोन। The doctor will also obtain your consent for operation. डाकथारआ अस्त्र-सिकितसानि थाखाय नोंनि गनायथिखौबो लागोन। Your anaesthetist will come and assess your fitness for surgery. नोंनि एनेस्थेतिस्तआ फैगोन आरो नोंनि सारजारिनि थाखाय खाबजाथायखौबो थि-खालामगोन। Blood may be taken from you for tests to ensure that you are in good health and fit for surgery (if the tests are not already done in the clinic). नोंदि मोजां सावस्रियाव दं आरो सारजारिनि थाखाय खाबजानाय (जुदि आनजादफोरा क्लिनिकाव मावजाखांखायाखै) खौ रोखा-खालामनो नोंनिफ्राय थैया आनजादनि थाखाय लाजानो हागौ। Handover any valuables to your nurse for safekeeping before the operation. अस्त्र-सिकितसानि आगोल नोंनि जायखिजाया बेसेनगोनांफोरखौ रैखाथिनायनि थाखाय नार्सनो गथाय। You will be asked to change into a specially designed gown before going to the operating theatre. नों अस्त्र-सिकितसा खथायाव थांनायनि आगोल जर’खायै साजायनाय खसाब सोलायनो बिथोनजागोन। A nurse will accompany you to the operating theatre. सासे नार्सआ अस्त्र-सिकितसा खथासिम नोंजों थांफागोन। After the operation, you will be closely monitored in the ward. अस्त्र-सिकितसानि उनाव, नों वार्डआव खाथिथारै नुसारजागोन। You may vomit after the operation due to the side effects of the anaesthesia or feel some pain at the operation site. अस्त्र-सिकितसानि उनाव नों एनेस्थेसियानि उफेरा बिजाउनफोरनि थाखाय गोबानो एबा अस्त्र-सिकितसा जायगायाव इसे सानाय मोनदांनो हागौ। If you experience this, inform your nurse. जुदि नों बेखौ मोनदाङो नोंनि नार्सनो खौरां-हो। She may give you an injection to make you feel more comfortable. बियो नोंखौ बांसिन खाबजाथाव मोनदांथिनाय खालामनो नोंखौ मोनसे बेजि होनो हागौ। This will help to reduce the pain. बेयो सानायखौ खमायनो हेफाजाब-होगोन। If you are feeling well, you are encouraged to sit up or walk slowly around your bed. जुदि नों मोजां मोनगासिनो दं, नों जखांनो एबा नोंनि एम साखाथियाव लासैयै थाबायनो बिथोन-होजागोन। After your surgery, you will be given drink or food. नोंनि सारजारिनि उनाव, नों आदार एबा लोंमुवा होजागोन। Your nurse will inform you on what to eat or drink. नोंनि नार्सआ मा जानांगौ एबा लोंनांगौ नोंनो खौरां-होगोन। It is important to eat or drink only as much as you can tolerate. नों सहायनो हानाय सेबांल’ जानाय एबा लोंनाया गोनांथार। Your doctor will come and examine you in the morning. नोंनि डाकथारा फैगोन आरो नोंखौ फुंबिलियाव आन्जाद-नायगोन। You may go home if he finds you fit. नों नवाव थांनो हागौ जुदि बियो नोंखौ खाबजानाय मोनो। Walking is important for a quick recovery. थाब हामनायनि थाखाय थाबायनाया गोनांथार। You are encouraged to sit out of bed and walk short distances. नों एमनिफ्राय जखांनो आरो गुसुं जानथाय थाबायनो बिथोनजागोन। You are advised not to carry heavy things or do strenuous tasks as these may overstrain the muscles around the operation site. बेफोरो अस्त्र-सिकितसा जायगायाव मोदोम-गेहेनफोरखौ गोख्रों-द्रायहोनो हागौ हिसाबै नों गिलिर जिरादफोर दा रोगानो एबा गोख्रों खामानि दा मावनो बोसोन-होजागोन। However you are encouraged to continue to exercise moderately. जियानो-जा नोंखौ गेजेर-जखानि ब्याम खालामबायथानो थुलुंगा-होनाय जायो। If you are feeling well, you may be able to take low fat food. जुदि नों मोजां-मोनगासिनो दं, नों खम मेजेम आदार आजावनो हानो हागौ। Your nurse will teach you how to care for your wound and to look out for signs of wound infection such as redness and swelling. नोंनि नार्सआ नोंनि जखमनि थाखाय माबोरै जोथोन-लानो आरो गाराय सनदेरथाय जेरै बादि जारोमथि एबा बुदबनायनि नेरसोनफोरखौ नायसंनो नोंखौ फोरोंगोन। If you require more information, an educational pamphlet is available. जुदि नोंनो गोबां खौरां गोनां-जायो, गांसे सोलोंथायारि लेखाया मोनथाव। Please continue to exercise moderately at home for the next 2 weeks before resuming usual exercise routine. अन्नानै नवाव उननि 2 हाबथाफोराव सरासनस्रा ब्याम हाबाफारिखौ खालामफिननायनि आगोल गेजेर-जखायै ब्यामफोर खालामबायथा। A low fat diet is recommended for about 3 months. खम मेजेम खाजाया 3 दानफोरफ्रामनि थाखाय बोसोन-होजायो। If you have any questions about how to care for your wound, please ask your nurse. नोंनि गारायफोरनि थाखाय माबोरै जोथोन-लानोनि सोमोनदै नोंहा जायखिजाय सोंथिफोर दंब्ला, अननानै नोंनि नार्सखौ सों। Please keep your wound clean and dry. अननानै नोंनि गारायखौ साबसिखोन आरो गोरानै लाखि। If there is redness or swelling around the wound, please see your GP or polyclinic doctor as soon as possible. गारायनि सोरगिदिं जाहाबथि एबा बुदबनाय दंब्ला, हानायमानि गोख्रै नोंनि जि पि एबा पलिक्लिनिक डाकथारखौ नाय। If you need to have your sutures removed, your nurse will inform you of the date to do so. नोंनि गाराय-सुथाबनायखौ बोखारनो गोनां जायोब्ला, नोंनि नार्सआ नोंनो बिदि मावनो खालारखौ खौरां-हरगोन। If you wish to have it done at the polyclinic or GP, please bring along your discharge letter. जुदि नों बेखौ पलिक्लिनिकाव एबा जि पि याव मावजानो लुबैयो, अननानै नेंनि हगारनाय लायजामखौ लोगोसे लाबो। When you are ready to go home, your doctor will prescribe medications that you will need. जेब्ला नों नवाव थांनो थियारि जायो, नोंनि डाकथारआ मुलैजानायखौ बोसोनगोन जायखौ नोंनो नांगोन। Your pharmacist or nurse will instruct you on how to take the medications. नोंनि फारमासिस्त एबा नार्सआ मुलै-जानायफोरखौ माबोरै आजावनांगौ नोंखौ फोरोंगोन। If there are any queries, please ask your doctor or nurse. जायखिजाया सोंथिफोर दंब्ला, अननानै नोंनि डाकथार एबा नार्सखौ सों। Before you leave the hospital, your nurse will give you a discharge letter, medical certificate and an appointment date to see the doctor. नों हस्पितेलखौ नागारलांनायनि आगोल, नोंनि नार्सआ नोंनो गांसे हगारनाय लायजाम, मुलैबिगियान फोरमानलाय आरो डाकथारखौ नायनो थिसननाय खालार होगोन। However, the medications have to be taken for 18 months ($300/month), and gallstones tend to recur. जियानोजा, मुलै-जानायफोरखौ 18 दानफोरनि ($300/दान) थाखाय लानांगौ, गलस्तनफोरा जाफिननो नागिरो। This treatment is suitable only for pure cholesterol stones. बे सिकितसाया गोगो कलेस्तेरल अनथायफोरनि थाखायल’ खाबजाथाव। Therefore, this form of treatment is not recommended. बेखायनो, बे महरनि सिकितसाया बोसोन-होजाया। The traditional way of removing the gallbladder is through a large abdominal incision. गलब्लादारखौ बोखारनायनि दोरोङारि राहाया जादों मोनसे गेदेर अहेबारि हासनायनि गेजेरजों। Risks and complications include excessive bleeding or infection. गिथावनाफोर आरो जेथो-फोनांथायफोरा बांद्राय थै-गनाय एबा सनदेरनायखौ लाफायो। Traditional gallbladder surgery requires a large incision at the abdomen. दोरोङारि गल-ब्लादार सारजारिया अहेबाव मोनसे गेदेर हासनाय गोनां-जायो। Today, with this technique, the removal can be accomplished through only four tiny openings, each less than one centimetre in diameter. दिनै, बे सोलोजों, बोखारनायखौ मोनब्रै फिसाथार बेखेवथायफोरनि गेजेरजोंल’ खालामनो हायो, मोनफ्रोमबो डायेमिताराव मोनसे सेनतिमितारनिख्रुय खमसिन। Here, a laparoscope (a telescope in which a camera is attached) is inserted through a tiny incision to give a magnified view of the gallbladder. बेहाय, मोनसे लेपरस्कप (मोनसे तेलिस्कप जेराव मोनसे केमेरा सरजाबफानाय जादों) खौ गलब्लादारनि फेदेरनाय नोजोर होनो मोनसे फिसाथार हाखनायनि गेजेरजों सोनाय जायो। Instruments are then inserted through other tiny incisions. आयजेंफोरखौ अब्ला गुबुन फिसाथार हाख’नायफोरनि गेजेरजों सोनाय जायो। After the cystic duct and artery (blood supply to the gallbladder) are identified, tied off with clips and cut, the gallbladder is then detached from the liver bed and removed through an opening in the naval. गोमोदैयारि नोलि आरो थैरोदा (गलब्लादारसिम थै जगायनाय) फोरा सिनायजानायनि उनाव केमताफोरजों सेबथाब आरो हा, गलब्लादारआ अब्ला बिखा एमनिफ्राय सोखाजायो आरो मोनसे गेवनाय नेभेलनि गेजेरजों बोखारजायो। Following the procedure, the small incisions are closed with a stitch or two. नेमखौ उनसंनानै, फिसा हाखनायफोरा मोनसे एबा मोननै सुथाबनायजों होथेजायो। Within a few months, the incisions are hardly visible. इसे दानफोरनि गेजेराव, हाखनायफोरा गोब्राबैसो नुथाव। In laparoscopic surgery, special instruments can be inserted through small incisions. लेपरस्कपारि सारजारियाव, जरखा आयजेंफोखौ फिसा हाखनायफोरनि गेजेरजों सोहरजानो हायो। These harmless clips will be left inside the body. बेफोर खहागैयि केमताफोरा देहा सिङाव नागारजागोन। By operating through four tiny openings instead of the traditional 20 cm - long incision, most patients have significantly less postoperative pain. दोरोङारि 20 से.मि.- गोलाव हाखनायनि सोलायै मोनब्रै फिसाथार बेखेवथायनि गेजेरजों सामलायनानै, बांसिन बेरामिफोरा ओंथिगोनाङै खम उन-अस्त्र-सिकितसायारि सानाय दं। They also heal faster and return to normal activities sooner than patients who have undergone the traditional way of operation. बेफोरबो गोख्रैसिन हामो आरो बेरामिफोर जाय अस्त्र-सिकितसानि दोरोङारि राहा रोंमोनदांथिनायनिख्रुय गोख्रैसिन सरासनस्रा मावथायफोराव फैफिनो। The operation should also leave smaller scars compared to the traditional method. अस्त्र-सिकितसाया दोरोङारि आदबनि रुजुनायाव खमसिन गिनायफोरबो नागारनांगौ। Although there are many advantages to laparoscopy, this procedure may not be suitable for some patients who have had previous lower abdominal operations or other pre-existing medical conditions. जदिय लेपरस्कपाव गोबां सुजुगफोर दं, बेफोर बिखानथिफोरआ खायसे बेरामिफोरनो साबजाथाव नङा जानो हागौ, जाय आगु गाहाय अहेबारि अस्त्र-सिकितसा एबा गुबुन आगु-थानाय मुलै-बिगियान थासारिफोर मोनखांबाय। A thorough medical evaluation by your doctor can determine if laparoscopic gallbladder removal is the appropriate procedure for you. लेपरस्कपारि गलब्लादार बोखारनाया नोंनि थाखाय थि बिखानथि नंगौखौ नोंनि डाकथारनि मोनसे मोजां मुलै-बिगियान बेसेन-थिनाया थि-खालामनो हायो। After your surgery, you may be required to stay in the hospital for a short period. नोंनि सारजारिनि उनाव, नों सुंद समनि थाखाय हस्पितालाव थानो गोनां जानो हायो। Follow your doctor's advice and rebuild your strength gradually. नोंनि डाकथारनि बोसोनखौ उनसं आरो नोंनि गोख्रोंथिखौ लासै-लासै दाफिन। You may be asked to breathe deeply and cough to clear your lungs. नों गोथौवै हांबोनो आरो नोंनि संफ्लखौ उदां-खालामनो गुजुनो थिनजानो हागौ। Walking as soon as possible after surgery helps to keeps your blood circulating. सारजारिनि उनाव जाथावमानि थाबै थाबायनाया नोंनि थै खारथायखौ लाखिनो हेफाजाब-होयो। As your digestive system adjusts, you may begin to eat normally. नोंनि दोगोनारि बिखानथिफोरा जै गोरोबो, नों सरासनस्रायै जानो जागायनो हागौ। Inform your doctor immediately if you discover any side effects that are not expected, such as Fever (over 38oC) or chills, and jaundice. नोंनि डाकथारखौ गोख्रैनो खौरां-हर जुदि नों जायखिजाया उफेरा बिजाउनफोर दिहुनसङो जायफोर मिजिंथिजायि, जेरै बादि लोमजानाय (38o से. नि बारा) एबा सुहाबथायफोर, आरो जनदिस। You should cut down the amount of oil or fat, the body will slowly adjust to oily food after some time. नों थाव एबा मेजेमनि बिबांखौ खमायनांगोन, खायसे समनि उनाव देहाया थावगोनां आदारजों लासैनो गोरोबगोन। Gallbladder surgery is one of the most successful kinds of surgery. गलब्लादार सारजारिया जोबोर जाफुंसार रोखोमनि सारजारिफोरनि मोनसे। Most patients go on to live a healthy and normal lifestyle even without their gallbladder. बांसिन बेरामिफोरा बिसोरनि गलब्लादार गैयालासेबो मोनसे सावस्रि-गोनां आरो सरासनस्रा जिवखुंनो सोलिगासिनो दं। The aim of this service is to provide our patients with an additional avenue to ask questions about any signs, symptoms, or health related concerns they may have. बे मावमिननि थांखिया जायखि-जाया नेरसोनफोर, लैखोनफोर, एबा बिसोर मोननो हाथाव सावस्रि सोमोनदोगोनां गिथावफोर सोमोनदै सोंथिफोर सोंनो मोनसे उफेरा लामाजों जोंनि बेरामिफोरनो जगायनाय। The service is provided by our team of experienced nurses, in consultation with our medical specialists and paramedical staff. मावमिना जोंनि मुलै-बिगियान रोंगौसाफोर आरो पेरामेडिकेल स्ताफजों सावरायज्लायनानै, रोंमोनदांथि-गोनां नार्सनि जोंनि हानजाजों जगायजायो। This service is not intended to substitute medical advice or consultation and should not be used for diagnostic or treatment purposes. बे मावमिना मुलै-बिगियान बोसोन एबा सावरायज्लायनायजों सोलायनो नागिरजाया आरो लैखोन-संथायारि एबा सिकितसा बिथांखिनि थाखाय बाहायजानो नाङा। Anaesthesia is the use of drugs and special techniques to allow a patient to undergo surgery without experiencing any pain. एनास्थेसियाया जादों मुलैफोरनि बाहायनाय आरो सासे बेरामिखौ जायखिजाया सानाय रोंमोनदांथियालासे सारजारि मोननो होनायनि जर’खा आदबफोर। In Local Anaesthesia or LA, an anaesthetic agent may be applied onto the surface of the skin or membrane or injected under the skin. जायगायारि एनास्थेसिया एबा एल. ए. याव, मोनसे एनास्थेतिक थानदैया बिगुर एबा जालामानि सायाव फुनजानो एबा बिगुरनि सिङाव बिजि-होजानो हागौ। LA, being a relatively safe and simple technique, does not need to be administered by an anaesthetist. एल. ए., या रुजुथायारियै रैखाथि आरो गोरलै सोलो जानानै, सासे एनास्थेतिस्तजों सामलायजानो गोनां जाया। Regional Anaesthesia (RA) involves one or more injections to block the nerve transmission of pain signals to certain parts of the body. जायगायारि एनास्थेसिया (जा.ए.) या देहानि रोखा बाहागोफोरनि सानाय इसाराफोरनि स्नायु बारस्लायनायखौ दबथायनो मोनसे एबा गोबां बेजिफोरनि गोनां-जायो। As a result, only a selected part of the body is numbed. फिथाइ महरै, देहानि सायख’जानाय बाहागोआल’ थर-मोनहोजाया। The surgery can even be carried out with the patient remaining awake. सारजारिखौ सिरिमोनना थानाय बेरामिफोरजोंबो जाफुंहोनो हायो। The surgical site is always shielded from the patient. बेरामिफोरनिफ्राय सारजारियारि जायगाखौ अरायबो होथेनाय जायो। Patients can also be given sedation so that they may sleep through the procedure. बेरामिफोरनो सागाहोग्रा-मुलैबो होनो हायो जाहाथे बिसोर खानथिनि गेजेरजों उनदुनो हायो। Unlike normal sleep, the patient will not wake up when disturbed or called. सरासनस्रा उनदुनाय नङिबादि, बेरामिया सिरिमोननाय नङा जेब्ला खायसो-खालामजायो एबा लिंहरजायो। Thus, when under GA, the patient will be unaware of his surroundings and most importantly, the surgery and pain. बिदिनो, जेब्ला जि.ए. नि सिङाव, बेरामिया बिनि सोरगिदिंफोर आरो जोबोर गोनांथारै, सारजारि आरो सानायनि सांग्रां-नङि जागोन। An anaesthetist will be with the patient throughout the surgery and provide post-operative pain relief. सासे एनास्थेतिस्ता सारजारि नाङैनो बेरामिजों लोगोसे जागोन आरो उन-अस्त्र-सिकितसायारि सानाय रैखाथि जगायगोन। There has been a dramatic decrease in the number of complications and deaths associated with Anaesthesia. जेथो-फोनांथायफोरनि अनजिमा आरो एनास्थेसियाजों सोमोनदो-गोनां थैनायफोराव नोजोरहोथाव खमायनाय जाबोदों। One crucial factor is the presence of an anaesthetist to monitor the well being of the patient. मोनसे गोनांथार जाहोना जादों बेरामिनि मोजां जानायखौ नोजोरथिनो सासे एनास्थेतिस्तनि नुजाथिनाय। The development of new monitoring equipment and new drugs has also contributed to the improved safety in Anaesthesia. गोदान नोजोरहोनाय आयजें आरो गोदान मुलैनि जौगानाया एनास्थेसियानि जौगानाय रैखाथियावबो बिहोमा-होबाय। The likelihood of "not being able to wake up" from Anaesthesia because of an overdose is very low due to the use of sensitive monitors that are able to monitor the amount of anaesthetic delivered and the use of new anaesthetic drugs which wear off faster. बांफालिनि जाहोनाव एनास्थेसियानिफ्राय “सिरिमोननाय जानो हायि” नि जानो-हाथावा थरगोनां नोजोरगिरिफोर बाहायनायनि जाहोनाव जोबोर खम जाय एनास्थेतिक हगारनाय आरो गोदान एनास्थेतिक मुलैफोरनि बाहायनायनि बिबांखौ नोजोरथिनो हायो जाय गोख्रैसिन गुगालाङो। This is unlikely to happen as anaesthetic drugs are only discontinued when the surgery has been completed. जेब्ला सारजारिया फोजोबजाबाय एनास्थेतिक मुलैफोरा सोलिबायथायि हिसाबैल’ बेयो जानाया जाथावि। Generally, most patients will be given some painkillers during the surgery. सरासनस्रायै, बांसिन बेरामिफोरा सारजारिनि समाव इसे सानाय-सिथारग्राफोर होजागोन। However, as different patients have different levels of pain threshold, there may be some pain experienced on awakening. थेवबो, गुबुन-गुबुन बेरामिफोरहा गुबुन-गुबुन थाखोफोरनि सानाय लामा दं हिसाबै, सिरिमोननायाव इसे सानाय मोनदांथिनाय थानो हागौ। Additional painkillers can be given to make the patient more comfortable. उफेरा सानाय-सिथारग्राफोरखौ बेरामिखौ बांसिन साबजाथाव खालामनो बाहायनो हायो। Although very rare in nature, serious complications may occur. होमब्लाबो, आदबाव जोबोर आगोमा, गोख्रों जेथो-फोनांथायफोरा नुजानो हागौ। There should not be any long-term memory loss. बिहाय जायखिजाया गोलाव-समारि गोसोखांथि गोमानाय थानो नाङा। However, there may be short-term memory loss, where the patient is unable to recall the events around the time of surgery. होमब्लाबो, बिहाय सुंद’-समारि गोसोखांथि गोमानाय थानो हागौ, जेराव बेरामिया सारजारिनि सम सोरगिदिं जाथायफोरखौ गोसोखांनो हाया। This is because some of the medications given to allay anxiety and for sedation also have the ability to cause transient short-term memory loss. बेयो जादों उसु-खुथु होखारनो होजानाय मुलैहोथायफोरनि खायसे जाहोनाव आरो सागाहोग्रा-मुलैनि थाखायबो गोसोआरि सुंद’-समारि गोसोखांथि गोमानाय सोमजिहोनो हानायखौ मोनो। To be certain if you need to continue your medications, please check with your surgeon or anaesthetist. रोखा जानो जुदि नों नोंनि मुलै-होथायफोरखौ सोलिहोबाय-थानो गोनां-जायो, अननानै नोंनि सारजन एबा एनास्थेतिस्तजों नायसंजा। Fasting is essential when a procedure is to be performed under GA or RA. This is because when a patient is under GA, they lose their protective reflexes. लगना गोनांथार जेब्ला मोनसे बिखानथिया जि.ए. एबा जा.ए. नि सिङाव मावफुंजानांगौ। बेयो जादों जेब्ला बेरामिया जि.ए. नि सिङाव, बिसोर बिसोरनि रैखाथियारि इनद्रिय-दद्रथायफोरखौ खोमायोनि जाहोनाव। If there are any food contents in the stomach, this may travel backwards up into the mouth and cause the patient to choke. जुदि बिहाय उदैयाव जायखिजाया आदार थाफादेरफोर दं, बेयो खुगासिम उनफारसे दावखोफिननो आरो बेरामिखौ हां-थाबथानाय सोमजिहोनो हागौ। The food particles can also pass into the lungs and cause a severe chest infection that may be fatal. आदार गुनद्रासाफोराबो संफ्लफोराव थांनो हायो आरो गोख्रों जेरैबो सनदेरनाय सोमजिहोयो जाय थैहोनो हागौ। It is also necessary for patients undergoing RA to fast to enable the anaesthetist to convert to GA should RA fail to bring about the desired effect. जि.ए. सोलायनाया आर.ए. जानांगौवा नांगौबादि गोहोम लाबोनायनि सोमोनदै फेलें-जायोनि थाखाय एनास्थेतिस्तखौ जाफुंहोनो बेरामिफोरनि थाखाय आर.ए. नि सिङाव-थांनायाबो गोनां। We feel anxious when we encounter stressful situations such as losing a job, being caught in a traffic jam, or when the examinations are near. जों उसु-खुथु मोनो जेब्ला जों जिंगा-गोनां थासारिजों लोगो-मोनज्लायो जेरै बादि साख्रि गोमानाय, त्राफिक जामाव हमजानाय, एबा जेब्ला आनजादफोरा खाथिथाराव। Fear occurs when the threat is more immediate and easily defined, such as looking over a cliff edge or being attacked by a huge snarling dog. गिनाया नुजायो जेब्ला सिगिनाया बांसिन गोख्रै आरो गोरलैयै बुंफोरनाय, जेरै बादि मोनसे अनथाय-गरा सिमायाव नायनाय एबा गोबां नेरनाय सैमाजों गाग्लोबजायो। Some degree of anxiety is useful as it improves our performance and helps us deal with the problems at hand. बेयो जोंनि मावफुंनायखौ जौगाहोयो आरो आखायनि जेंनाफोरजों सोमोनदो-खालामनो जोंखौ हेफाजाब-होयो हिसाबै उसु-खुथुनि खायसे बिबाङा बाहायफुंथाव। Anxiety disorders occur when the anxiety becomes so severe and prolonged that they interfere with our ability to cope with day-to-day activities. उसु-खुथु बेले-बेजेया नुजायो जेब्ला उसु-खुथुवा एरैबादि गोख्रों आरो गोलाव जायोदि बिफोर जोंनि सानफ्रोमबोआरि मावथायफोरजों सोमोनदो-लाखिनो हारोंथायखौ आखाय-होयो। Anxiety disorders are the most common of all mental disorders. उसु-खुथु बेले-बेजेफोरा गासै गोसोआरि बेले-बेजेनि जोबोर सरासनस्रा। Many people misunderstand these disorders and think that individuals should be able to overcome the symptoms by sheer willpower. गोबां मानसिया बेफोर बेले-बेजेफोरखौ गोरोनथि-बुजियो आरो सानोदि मानसिफोरा गोसो-गोहोजोंल’ लैखोनफोरखौ फेजेननो हानांगोन। Wishing the symptoms away does not work but treatment can help. लैखोनफोरखौ जानखारहोनो लुबैनाया खामानि मावा नाथाय सिकितसाया हेफाजाब होनो हायो। Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is chronic exaggerated worry and tension even when nothing seems to provoke it. सरासनस्रा-खालामनाय उसु-खुथु बेले-बेजे (जि.ए.डि) आ गोब्राब गिलिरथार जिंगा आरो सिनथा जदिय जेबोआनो बेखौ जाखांहोनाय बादि-नुवा। People with GAD anticipate disaster, and worry excessively about health, money, family or work. जि.ए.डि. गोनां सुबुंफोरा जाब्रथायखौ मिजिंथियो, आरो सावस्रि, रांखावरि, नखर एबा खामानि सोमोनदै बांद्रायै जिंगा-सियो। They have difficulty in relaxing and are unable to shake off their concerns even though they realize that their anxiety is irrational. बिसोरहा जिरायनायाव गोब्राबथि दं आरो बिसोरनि गिनायनिफ्राय खारखोमानो हाया जदिय बिसोर हमदाङोदि बिसोरनि उसु-खुथुआ बानगैयि। Physical symptoms especially trembling, twitching, muscle tension, headaches, irritability, sweating or hot flashes accompany their worries. देहायारि लैखोनफोरा जर’खायै खमफिनाय, जांख्रिखांनाय, मोदोम-गेहेन सिनथा, खर’-सानायफोर, रागा-जोंखांनाय, गोलोमनाय एब गुदुं मोदोमफोरा बिसोरनि सिनथायाव थाफायो। They may feel lightheaded or out of breath and may feel nauseated or have to go to the bathroom frequently. बिसोर जिंगा-गैयि एबा हां-सरथेनाय मोनदांनो हागौ आरो गोबाल’ मोनदांनो एबा गले-गले दुगैग्रा-खथायाव थांनांनो हागौ। Usually, the impairment associated with GAD is mild and people with this disorder do not feel too restricted in social settings or on the job. सरासनस्रायै, जि.ए.डि. जों सोमोनदोगोनां लोरबां-जाहोनाया गेजेर-जखानि आरो बे बेले-बेजे गोनां सुबुङा समाजारि गायसनथायाव एबा खामानियाव जोबोर हेंथागोनां मोनदाङा। However if severe, GAD can be debilitating, making it difficult to carry out even the most ordinary daily activities. जियानोजाया जुदि गोब्राब, जि.ए.डि. जोबोर गोरलै सानफ्रोमारि मावथायखौबोसो मावफुंनो बेखौ गोब्राब खालामनानै लोरबां जानो हायो। People with panic disorder have feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning. गिनाय बेले-बेजे गोनां सुबुंहा गिनाय मोनदांथिफोर दं जाय सामोल होआलासे गोख्रैयै आरो गले-गलेयै सौदावो। They cannot predict when an attack will occur and may develop intense anxiety between episodes, worrying when and where the next one will strike. माब्ला आरो बबाव उननि मोनसेया सौदावगोननि जिंगासिनाय, जाथायफारिफोरनि गेजेराव माब्ला मोनसे गाग्लोबनाया नुजायो आरो गोख्रों उसु-खुथु जौगाहोनो हागौ बिसोर आगु-बुंथिनो हाया। In between attacks, there is a persistent, lingering worry that another attack could come any minute. गेजेरनि गाग्लोबथायफोराव, जिंगा नुजानायनि बिहाय मोनसे नांथाबनाय दंदि गुबुन गाग्लोबनाया जायखि-जाया मिनिताव फैनो हागौ। When a panic attack strikes, the heart pounds and the sufferer may feel sweaty, faint, weak or dizzy. जेब्ला मोनसे गिनाय गाग्लोबनाया सौदावो, मैखुन मावथायफोरा आरो भुगिग्राया गोलोमफ्रु, गोग्लैहां, लोरबां एबा खर’-गिदिंनाय मोनदांनो हागौ। Their hands may tingle or feel numb and they may feel flushed or chilled. बिसोरनि आखायफोरा जिनजिनायनो एबा थरगैयि मोनदांनो हागौ आरो बिसोर जाहाबनाय एबा सुहाबनाय मोननो हागौ। Chest discomfort, smothering sensation, a sense of unreality, fear of impending doom or loss of control may also be present. जेरबा खाबजायि, हांथोनो मोनदांथिनाय, थार-नङि मोनदांथि, भाग्य नुजाहांनि गिनाय एबा सामलायथिनि गोमानायबो नुजाथिनो हागौ। The sufferer may genuinely believe that he is having a heart attack or stroke, losing his mind, or on the verge of death. भुगिग्राया नंगुबैयै फोथायनो हायोदि, बियो बिनि गोसोखौ बावगोमानानै, मोनसे मैखुन गाग्लोबथि एबा स्त्रक मोनगासिनो दं, एबा थैनायनि मोखाङाव। While most attacks average a couple of minutes, occasionally they can last for up to ten minutes. बांसिन गाग्लोबथायफोरा इसे मिनितफोर गर-खालामोब्ला, समसमारियै बिसोर जि मिनितफोरसिम जोरनो हायो। In rare cases, they may last an hour or more. आगोमा बिथिंफोराव, बेफोरो घनता मोनसे एबा बांसिन जोरनो हागौ। Panic disorder is often accompanied by other conditions such as depression or alcoholism, and may develop into phobias. गिनाय बेले-बेजेया गुबुन थासारिफोरजोंबो समसम लोगो-लाफाजायो जेरै बादि गोसो-बायनाय एबा निसा-लाख्रुग्रा, आरो गिनाय-मुगैनाय जौगाहोनो हागौ। Some people's lives become greatly restricted. खायसे सुबुंफोरनि जिवफोरा गोबाङै हेंथागोनां जायो। They avoid any situation that would make them feel helpless if a panic attack occurs. बिसोर जायखि-जाया थासारि नेवसियो जाय बिसोरखौ राहागैयि मोनदांनाय खालामो जुदि मोनसे गिनाय गाग्लोबनाया नुजायो। When their lives become so restricted by the disorder, which happens in about one-third of people with panic disorders, the condition is called Agoraphobia. जेब्ला बिसोरनि जिवफोरा बेले-बेजेजों बिदि हेंथागोनां जायो, जाय थाम बाहागोनि से फ्राम सुबुंनियाव गिनाय बेले-बेजेफोरजों जायो, बे थासारिखौ एगरफबिया बुंनाय जायो। Phobias are not just extreme fear, they are irrational fear. फबियाफोरा बांद्राय गिनायल” नङा, बेफोरो बानगैयि गिनाय। If the object of the fear is easy to avoid, people with phobias may not feel the need to seek treatment. गिनायनि मोनदांथिया नेवसिनो गोरलैब्ला, फबियास गोनां सुबुङा सिकितसा नागिरनाय गोनांथि मोनदांनाय नङा जानो-हागौ। A specific phobia is a fear of a particular object or situation. मोनसे थि फबियाया मोनसे थि मोनदांथि एबा थासारिनि मोनसे गिनाय। Many people experience specific intense, irrational fears of certain things or situations. गोबां सुबुङा थि सानथाय, थि जिराद एबा थासारिनि बानगैयि गिनायफोर रोंमोनदाङो। Social phobia is an intense fear of being humiliated in social situations, specifically of embarrassing themselves in front of other people. समाजारि फबियाया समाजारि थासारिफोराव लाजिथाव जानाय, जरखायै बिसोर-गावसोरनो गुबुन सुबुंनि सिगाङाव उसुखुथु-जानायनि मोनसे सानथाय गिनाय। Small mistakes may seem much more exaggerated than they really are. फिसा गोरोन्थिफोरखौ बिसोर थारनिख्रुय जोबोर बांसिन गेदेरद्राय बादि मोननो हागौ। Blushing itself may seem painfully embarrassing and the sufferer feel as if all eyes are focused on him or the fear may be more specific, such as feeling anxious about giving a speech, talking to a boss or other authority figure, or dating. मोखां-जाहाबनायखौ गावखौनो दुखुनांथावै उसुखुथु बादि-नुनो हागौ आरो भुगिग्राया मोनदाङो जेन गासै मेगनफोरआ बिनियाव नुसारहोजायो एबा गिनाया बांसिन थि जानो हागौ जेरै बादि मोनसे बिबुंथि होनाय, सासनदिरियौ बुंनाय एबा गुबुन मोनथाय दाथाय, एबा लोगोहमज्लायनायनि सोमोनदै उसुखुथु मोननाय। Social phobia disrupts normal life, interfering with career or social relationships. समाजारि फबियाया सरासनस्रा जिवखौ फालांगियार-जिव एबा समाजारि सोमोन्दोफोरखौ आखाय-होनानै दिगदार-होयो। Agoraphobia, which often accompanies panic disorder, is a fear of being in any situation that might provoke a panic attack, or from which escape might be difficult if one occurred. एगरफबिया, जाय सम-सम गिनाय बेले-बेजेखौ लोगो-लाफानाया जायखिजाया थासारियाव जानाय गिनाय जाय मोनसे गिनाय गाग्लोबथि सोमजिखांहोनो हागौ, एबा जेरावनिफ्राय खनसे नुजायोब्ला खारखोमानाया गोब्राब जानो हागौ। People with Agoraphobia are afraid to travel far from home or go into confined places. एगरफबिया गोनां सुबुङा ननिफ्राय गोजानाव एबा सिमा-गोनां जायगाफोराव दावबायनो गियो। The line between normal anxiety and anxiety disorder occurs when overwhelming tension occurs even when there is no real danger, or when extreme measures are taken to avoid the source of anxiety. सरासनस्रा उसुखुथु आरो उसु-खुथु बेले-बेजेनि गेजेरनि सिमाया नुजायो जेब्ला गोख्रों सिनथाया नुजायो जदिय बिहाय थार गिथाव गैया, एबा जदिय उसुखुथुनि फुंखाखौ नेवसिनो बांद्राय राहाफोर लाजायो। Stressful life events can trigger an anxiety disorder. सिनथाआबुं जिव जाथायफोरआ मोनसे उसुखुथु बेले-बेजे सोमजिहोनो हायो। Anxiety usually goes away after the cause is removed, but sometimes the symptoms persist long after stressful conditions cease. उसु-खुथुआ सरासनस्रायै जाहोनखौ बोखारनायनि उनाव जानगारो, नाथाय समाव लैखोनफोरआ सिनथाआबुं थासारिफोरआ दबथायनायनि गोबाव उनाव नांथाबो। The odds of developing an anxiety disorder are greater if one of your parents or siblings has the condition. मोनसे उसु-खुथु बेले-बेजे जौगानायनि असदाया बांसिन जेब्ला नोंनि बिमा-बिफा एबा बाहागिनि सासेहा बे थासारिया दं। Hence, your genetic constitution and your life experiences determine whether you will suffer an anxiety disorder. होमब्लाबो, नोंनि फोलेरारि संबिजिर आरो नोंनि जिव रोंमोनदांथिफोरआ थि-खालामो नों मोनसे उसुखुथु बेले-बेजेयाव भुगिगोनना भुगिया। It is often hard to tell the exact cause of anxiety disorders. सम-सम उसु-खुथु बेले-बेजेनि थि जाहोनखौ बुंनो गोब्राब। The sufferer is usually vulnerable to a combination of stresses such as personal disposition, life changes and special circumstances. गावारि सरासनस्रा-गोसो-थासारि, जिउ सोलायथाय आरो समाजारि थासारिफोरबादि जिंगानि मोनसे जथायनायाव भुगिग्राया सरासनस्रायै गाग्लोबजानो-हाथाव। Talking about the problem sometimes, just talking to a trusted friend or relative whose opinion we value may go a long way in reducing distress. माब्लाबा जेंनानि बागै रायज्लायनाया, फोथायजानाय लोगो एबा सोमोन्दोआरि सासेजोंल’ रायज्लायनाया जायनि मतथायखौ जों बेसेन-होयो जिंगा खमायनायाव गोबाव नांनो हागौ। They may have had similar troubles themselves and are able to share their experiences. बिसोरहा गावसोरनि एखे गोब्राबथिफोर दङमोन जानांगौ आरो बिसोरनि मोनरोंगौथिफोरखौ रानलायनो हाथावना। Learning a relaxation technique can help you unwind and bring tension and anxiety under control. मोनसे सुग्लायनाय सोलोखौ सोलोंनाया जिंगा-खमायनो आरो जिंगा आरो उसाव-बादावखौ दबथायनायाव लोबोनो नोंखौ हेफाजाब-खालामनो हायो। Relaxation techniques include breathing exercises, meditation and imagery. सुग्लायनाय सोलोफोरा हां-लानाय-हगारनाय ब्यामफोर, ध्यान आरो सानबोलावनायखौ लाफायो। There are several books and audiotapes available, which you can use to teach yourself these techniques. गोबां बिजाबफोर आरो अदियतेपफोरा मोनथावना, बेफोर सोलोफोरखौ नों गावखौनो फोरोंनो जायफोरखौ नों बाहायनो हायो। This is a more intense talking treatment, which helps patients to recognise, understand and come to terms with reasons for anxiety that may not be readily apparent. बेयो मोनसे बांसिन जोबोर बुंजानाय फाहामनाय, जाय जब्राफोरखौ सिनायनो, बुजिनो आरो उसाव-बादावनि थाखाय जाहोनफोरजों सोमोन्दोआव फैनो हेफाजाब-खालामो जाय गोख्रैयै रोखा नङा जानो हागौ। Particular cognitive behavioural therapy approaches also help most anxiety disorders, either in conjunction with medication or alone. जरखा रोंमोन्दांथियारि आखल-बाहायनायारि थेरापि राहाफोराबो मुलै-फाहामनायजों जथायाव नङाब्ला हारसिङै बांसिन उसाव-बादाव बेले-बेजेफोरखौ हेफाजाब-खालामो। The technique involves getting the individuals to face their feared situations while providing them with cognitive strategies for reducing their anxiety. बिसोरनि उसाव-बादावखौ खमायनो रोंमोनदांथियारि सोलोफोरजों जगायनाय समाव लोबबागोनां सोलोआ सुबुंफोरखौ बिसोरनि गिनायगोनां थासारिफोरजों मोगा-मोगि-जाहोयो। Treatment may be more than once a week, lasting for several weeks or months. गोबां सफथाफोर एबा दानफोर जोरनायनि थाखाय सफथा खनसेयाव फाहामनाया खनसेनिखुरै बांसिन जानांगौ। A variety of medications are available for the treatment of anxiety disorders. उसाव-बादाव बेले-बेजेनि फाहामनायनि थाखाय मुलि-फाहामनायफोरनि गोबां रोखोमफोरा मोनथावना। They are often used in conjunction with the methods described above. गोजौआव फोरमायनाय आदबफोरजों जथायनायाव बैफोरो प्राय बाहायजायो। Tranquilisers and antidepressants are two of the most commonly used drugs. त्रांकुइलिजारसफोर आरो गोसो-बायनाय-फाहामनायफोरा जोबोर सरासनस्रायै बाहायजानाय मुलैफोरनि मादाव मोननै। The most commonly used tranquilisers are the benzodiazepines. बांसिन सरासनस्रायै बाहायजानाय त्रांकुइलिजारसफोरा जादों बेनजदायेजुपिनफोर। They are useful not only for daytime anxiety symptoms but also at night to aid sleep. बैफोरो साननि-समनि उसाव-बादाव लैखोनफोरनि थाखायल’ बाहायथाव नङा नाथाय हराव उन्दुनाय हेफाजाब-होनो। Although effective, benzodiazepines may cause dependence after prolonged use, resulting in withdrawal symptoms if the drug is stopped or reduced in dosage. मुलैया बन्द एबा मुलै-मात्रायाव खमायजायोब्ला बखनायारि लैखोनफोराव सोलायहोनानै खामानिगोनांब्लाबो बेनजदायेजुपिनफोरा गोलाव-जोरनाय बाहायनायनि उनाव सोनारनाय जाहोन जानो-हागौ। Hence, benzodiazepines should only be used for short-term management of anxiety symptoms, and not for long-term treatment. बेनिखायनो बेनजदायेजुपिनफोरा उसाव-बादाव लैखोनफोरनि खम-सम सामलायथायनि थाखायल’ बाहायजानांगौ आरो गोलाव-सम फाहामनायनि थाखाय नङा। Antidepressants are used to treat anxiety as well as depressive symptoms. गोसो-बायनाय-फाहामनायफोरा उसाव-बादाव लोगोसे गोसो-बायनायारि लैखोनफोरखौ फाहामनो बाहायजायो। Unlike benzodiazepines, they do not cause dependence. बेनजदायेजुपिनबादि नङै सोनारनायनि बेफोर जाहोन जायो। The commonly used antidepressants include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonergic noradrenergic re-uptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. सरासनस्रायै बाहायजानाय गोसो-बायनाय-फाहामनायफोरा ट्राइसाइक्लिक गोसो-बायनाय-फाहामनाय (टि.सि.ए.एस.), सायखथायारि सेरिउतनिन लाफिननाय मुवाफोर (एस.एस.आर.आइ.एस), सेरिउतनार्जिक नरादेनार्जिक लाफिननाय मुवाफोर (एस.एन.आर.आइ.एस.) आरो ननमाइन अक्सिदेस मुवाफोरखौ लाफायो। These must be taken regularly for two to four weeks before significant improvement occurs. गनायथिगोनां जौगानाय जाखांनायनि सिगां नैनिफ्राय सफथा ब्रैसिम बेफोरखौ नेमारियै लाथारनांगौ। Anxiety disorders have a number of complications. गोनो-गोथो बेले-बेजेफोरा गोबां अनजिमानि गोब्राबथिफोर दङ। The first complication is reduced functioning. गिबि गोब्राबथिया खामानि-मावनायखौ खमायनाय। In the extreme cases, this can lead to complete disability in which the person can no longer go to school or hold a job. जोबोर-बांसिन जाथायफोराव बेयो आबुं हाथावैयाव जाहोनो हायो जेराव सुबुङा आरोबाव फरायसालियाव थांनो एबा खामानि मोनसे मावनो हाया। Depression is also a frequent complication, making the situation worse and heightens the risk for suicide. थासारिखौ गाज्रिसिन आरो गावखौ-बुथारनायनि थाखाय खैफोदखौ बांसिन खालामनानै गोसो-बायनायाबो मोनसे गले-गले गोब्राबथिगोनां। Anxiety disorders have a number of complications. गोनो-गोथो बेले-बेजेफोरा गोबां अनजिमानि गोब्राबथिफोर दङ। The first complication is reduced functioning. गिबि गोब्राबथिया खामानि-मावनायखौ खमायनाय। In the extreme cases, this can lead to complete disability in which the person can no longer go to school or hold a job. जोबोर-बांसिन जाथायफोराव बेयो आबुं हाथावैयाव जाहोनो हायो जेराव सुबुङा आरोबाव फरायसालियाव थांनो एबा खामानि मोनसे मावनो हाया। Depression is also a frequent complication, making the situation worse and heightens the risk for suicide. थासारिखौ गाज्रिसिन आरो गावखौ-बुथारनायनि थाखाय खैफोदखौ बांसिन खालामनानै गोसो-बायनायाबो मोनसे गले-गले गोब्राबथिगोनां। Substance abuse is also a frequent complication, particularly attempts at self-medication with sedatives or alcohol, and may require parallel treatment with a substance abuse program, the first step in seeking treatment is to recognise the symptoms described earlier. मुवा गाज्रि-बाहायनायाबो मोनसे गले-गले गोब्राबथि, जरखायै सानाय-हुखारग्रायारिफोर एबा फेग्राफोरजों गाव-मुलि-फाहामनाय नाजानायफोराव आरो मोनसे मुवा गाज्रि-बाहायनाय मावफारिजों समान नाजानायनि गोनांथि-जानो हागौ, फाहामनाय नागिरनायाव गिबि आगाना जादों सिगाङाव फोरमायजानाय लैखोनफोरखौ सिनायनाय। Many sufferers continue to endure their symptoms because they are afraid to see a professional about their problems, for fear of being regarded as "mad". बिसोरनि लैखोनफोरखौ सहायनो गोबां भुगिग्राफोरा फारि-सलियो मानोना बिसोरो फाग्ला हिसाबै गनायजानायखौ गिनायनि थाखाय बिसोरनि जेंनाफोरनि बागै सासे पेसायारिखौ लोगो-हमनो गियो। In fact, most people with anxiety or fear rarely have severe mental illness, and their problems can often be reduced or relieved with treatment. थारै, बांसिन सुबुङानो दुखु एबा गिनायजों माब्लाबासो जोबोरैनो गोसोआरि बेराम जायो आरो बिसोरनि जेंनाफोरखौ प्राय खमायनो एबा फाहामनायजों रेहाय-मोननो हायो। Bipolar mood disorder, also known as manic-depressive psychosis (MDP), is a type of mood disorder characterised by mood swings. बोरलिया-गोसो-बायनायारि गोसो-बेराम हिसाबैबो मिथिजानाय फारनै गोसो-अबस्था बेले-बेजेया गोसो-अबस्था गोसो-अबस्था दिन्दांनायजों आखु-होजानाय बेले-बेजेनि मोनसे रोखोम। Many people experience normal mood swings from "Monday morning blues" to "mild euphoria". गोबां सुबुङा "समबार फुं गोसो-बायनाय"निफ्राय "गेजेरनि इउफरिया"सिम सरासनस्रा गोसो-अबस्था दिन्दांनाय मोनरोंगौथि-लायो। In bipolar mood disorder, there are swings from extreme depression to great elation or mania and hyperactivity, occasionally at times losing touch with reality. फारनै गोसो-अबस्था बेले-बेजेयाव जोबोरैनो गोसो-बायनायनिफ्राय जोबोर रंजानाय एबा बोरनाय आरो बेले-बेजेसिम गिदिंनायफोर दङ, बुब्लियारियै समफोराव नंगुबैथिजों सोमोन्दोखौ गोमागासिनो-दङ। However, there are also long periods of complete normality. अदेबानि आबुं सरासनस्राथिनि गोलाव समफारिफोरबो दङ। Manic depressives suffer from an extreme of mood change over a prolonged period and are regarded as being clinically ill during these attacks. बोरनायारि गोसो-बायनायखौ जोबोरैनो गोलाव-सम जोरनाय गोसो-अबस्था सोलायनायनिफ्राय भुगियो आरो बेफोर गाग्लोबथिफोरनि समफारियाव फाहामनायारि बेराम हिसाबै सानजायो। A doctor or psychiatrist will look at whether an attack of mania is accompanied by depression before diagnosing bipolar mood disorder. बोरनायनि मोनसे गाग्लोबनाया फारनै गासो-अबस्था बेले-बेजे लैखोन-सिनायनायनि सिगां गोसो-बायनायजों लोगोगोनां नांगौना नङा सासे दाक्तार एबा गोसो-बेराम-रोंगौसा सासेया नायगोन। Bipolar mood disorder typically begins in adolescence or early adulthood and continues throughout life. फारनैयारि गोसो-अबस्था बेले-बेजेआ सेंग्रा-बैसो एबा गिबि बैसोगोरा नेरसोनारियै जागायो आरो गासै जिउआवनो सोलियो। It is often not recognized as an illness and people who have it may suffer needlessly for years or even decades. मोनसे बेरामथि हिसाबै बेयो प्राय गनायजाया आरो जाय सुबुंहा बेयो दङ बेयो गोबां-बोसोरफोर एबा जिथायफोर गोनांथि-गैयैयै भुगिनो-गोनां जानो हागौ। Much research is being carried out as to the causes of bipolar mood disorder but there are no definite conclusions yet. मोननै-बिथिङारि गोसो-अबस्था बेले-बेजेनि जाहोनफोरनि थाखाय बांसिन संजिरनाया जाफुंसारदोंमोन नाथाय दासिमबो रोखा थिरांथा गैया। There may be a genetic predisposition to the illness such that other family members may also suffer from this illness. बेरामथियाव फोलेरारि बेराम-जाहोजानाय थानो हागौ बेबादि गुबुन नखर सोद्रोमाफोराबो बे बेरामथिनिफ्राय भुगिनो हागौ। It could also be triggered by major stress events or hormonal changes such as those occurring after childbirth. गाहाय नारसिननाय जाथायफोर एबा गथ-जोनोमनि उनाव नुजानाय बैफोरबादि हरमनारि सोलायनायफोर बेयो मावनो-लानाय जानोबो हागौ। It may also be due to a chemical imbalance affecting that area of the brain responsible for "moods", thus causing changes in feelings and behaviour. बेबो मोनसे रसायनारि दिदोमनङै गोसो-अबस्थाफोरनि थाखाय दायगोनां मेलेमनि बै ओनसोलखौ गाज्रि-खालामनाय जाउनावबो जानो हागौ, बेबादिनो मोनदांनायफोर आरो आखु-बाहायनायफोराव सोलायनायनि जाहोन-जानानै। This is a state in which the person shows a high level of energy, excessive moodiness or irritability, and impulsive or reckless behaviour. बेयो मोनसे थाथाय जेराव सुबुङा जौगा बिबांनि गोहो दिन्थियो, बांद्राय बोराबलु एबा खायसोथि आरो आबेगजों-मावनायारि एबा गोसो-होयै आखु-बाहायनाय। Hypomania may feel good to the person who experiences this and the sufferer seldom thinks that anything is wrong and may object quite violently if anyone tries to point this out to him or her. हायपमेनियाया सुबुंखौ मोजां मोनदांहोनो हागौ जाय बेखौ मोनरोंगौथि-लायो आरो भुगिग्राया माब्लाबासो होनना सानो माबा-मोनसे गोरोन्थि आरो सोरबा सासेया बिनो एबा बिनो बेखौ दिन्थिनो नाजायोब्ला आबुं हिंसायै अजद-होनो हागौ। With experience, it is possible for some people to recognise their condition but often in an extreme state, all understanding is lost. रोंगौथिजों बिसोरनि थाथायखौ सिनायथिनो बेयो माखासे सुबुंनि थाखाय जाथावना नाथाय प्राय जौसिन थाथायाव गासैबो बुजिनाया गोमायो। It is not unusual for someone suffering an attack to break the law perhaps during a flight of fancy, a bout of excessive spending, committing a fraud, or fortunately, very rarely, of committing a physical assault. जानो-हागौ सानखांनायनि बिरनाय समाव आइनखौ सेफायनो गाग्लोबनाय मोनसेखौ भुगिबाय-थानाय सोरबा-सासेनि थाखाय बेयो सरासनस्रानङै नङा, बांद्राय खरस-खालामनायनि मोनसे समफारि, थगायनाय मावफुंनाय एबा देहायारि गाग्लोबनाय मोनसे मावफुंनायनि खाफालगोनाङै जोबोर खमसिनथारै। A few people sometimes experience a combination of symptoms from both mania and depression. सानैसो सुबुङाल’ माब्लाबा बोरनाय आरो गोसो-बायनाय मोननैनिफ्रायबो लैखोनफोरनि मोनसे जथायखौ रोंगौथि-लायो। This can lead to an increased risk of suicide attempt. बेयो गावखौ-बुथारनो नाजानायनि मोनसे बांनाय खैफोदखौ जाहोनो हायो। After a period of depression or of mania, the sufferer usually returns to a normal state, back to one's usual personality, thinking capabilities and energy levels without any physiological damage. गोसो-बायनायनि मोनसे समफारि एबा बोरनायनि उनाव भुगिग्राया सरासनस्रायै सरासनस्रा थाथायाव गिदिंफिनो, सासेनि सरासनस्रा गाव-गुनाव फैफिनो, देहायारि खहा-जायालासे साननाय हाथावनाथिफोर आरो गोहो थाखोफोर। However, the sufferer may start regretting the damage done to relationships or finances. अदेबानि भुगिग्राया सोमोन्दो एबा रां-जगायनायाव खहा खालामनायखौ सुंग्रिनो जागायनो हागौ। There may be a loss of confidence and also embarrassment. गोसो-फोथायनाय गोमानाय आरो उसु-खुथुमोननाय जानो हागौ। The frequency of attacks varies not only from one individual to another but also within the same individual. गाग्लोबनाय गुबुनथिनि गले-गलेथाया सासे सुबुंनिफ्राय गुबुन सासेसिमनिफ्राय नङा एखे सुबुनि सिङावबो। Other people go for years free from the problem and then have a series of random attacks. गुबुन सुबुंफोरा जेंनानिफ्राय गोबां-बोसोरफोर उदां-जाना सोलियो आरो बेनि-उनाव जेरै-मेरै गाग्लोबनायफोरनि मोनसे फारि दङ। If untreated, sufferers will probably recover by themselves in time but often with devastating effects to their lives, their families and considerable unnecessary suffering. फाहामजायाब्ला भुगिग्राया जानो-हागौ समाव गावनो बारगगोन नाथाय बिसोरनि जिउ, बिसोरनि नखरफोर आरो गनायनोगोनां गोनांथिगैयै भुगिनायाव प्राय खहायारि गोहोमफोरजों। Wherever possible, early admission to hospital either for mania or severe depression does facilitate a quicker recovery. जेरावनो जाथावना बोरनाय एबा जोबोरैनो गोसो-बायनायनि थाखाय देहा-फाहामसालियाव थाब मुं-थिसनहैनाया थाबसिन बारगनायखौ गोरलै-खालामा। In addition, Inpatient treatment also helps to protect the patient from the consequences of the illness, such as rash judgments in mania or suicide attempts in severe depression. दाजाबदेरनायाव देहा-फाहामसालियाव फाहामनायाबो बोरनायाव हाखु-दाखु बिजिरनायफोर एबा जोबोरैनो गोसो-बायनायाव गावखौ-बुथारनो नाजानायफोर बायदियाव बेरामथिनि जाउनफोरनिफ्राय जब्राखौ रैखा-खालामनो हेफाजाब-खालामो। Mood swings in many cases (60-80%) can be controlled or reduced by medications such as mood stabilisers. गोबां जाथायफोराव (60-80%) गोसो-अबस्था दिन्दांनायफोरखौ गोसो-अबस्था दिदोम-खालामग्राफोरबादिजों फाहामनायफोरजों दबथायनो एबा खमायनो हायो। The most frequently used medication is lithium carbonate. बांसिन गले-गलेयै बाहायजानाय फाहामग्राफोरा जादों लिथियाम कार्बनेत। This requires careful monitoring with regular blood tests to check for effective levels. खामानिगोनां थाखोफोरनि थाखाय नेमआरि थै आनजाद-नायफोरजों सांग्रां बिजिरनाय गोनांथि-जायो। Lithium can keep mood swings within socially and individually acceptable levels and can stave off the worst of the attacks. लिथियामा समाजारियै आरो गावारियै गनायथावना थाखोफोरनि सिङाव आरो गोसो-अबस्था दिन्दांनायफोरखौ लाखिनो हायो आरो गाग्लोबनायफोरनि गाज्रिसिनखौ होबथानो हायो। The treatment can allow the person to lead a normal and useful life. फाहामनाया मोनसे सरासनस्रा आरो खामानिगोनां जिउ दैदेननो सुबुंखौ हगारनो हायो। Unfortunately for a minority of sufferers, this treatment either has little significant effect or for an even smaller minority, has unacceptable side effects. खाफालगाज्रियै भुगिग्राफोरनि मोनसे फिसानि थाखाय बे फाहामनाया खम गनायथिगोनां गोहोम दङ नङाब्ला अदेबानि मोनसे फिसासिन फिसाथिनि थाखाय गनायथावै उफेरा गोहोमफोर दङ। Some of the side effects of lithium carbonate are frequent urination, thirst, hand tremors and skin rashes. लिथियाम कार्बनेटनि माखासे उफेरा गोहोमफोराबो गले-गले हासुहोनाय, गांनाय, आखाय खमफिनाय आरो बिगुर सख्लाफोर। At times other drugs are also used to treat either the depression or the mania. गोसो-बायनाय आरो बोरनायखौ फाहामनो समफोराव गुबुन मुलिफोराबो बाहायजायो। Sometimes, more than one drug is required. माब्लाबा मोनसेनिखुरै बांसिन मुलिनि गोनांथि-जायो। These drugs include antidepressants, antipsychotics and benzodiazepines. बेफोर मुलिफोरा एन्टिदिप्रेसेन्टस, एन्टिसाइकतिकस आरो बेन्जदायाजुपिइनफोरखौ लाफायो। For every drug, there is a "side effect". मोनफ्रोमबो मुलिनि थाखाय मोनसे "उफेरा जाउन" दङ। These drugs are used only to hasten a return to normality and it is seldom that they have to be continuously given. बेफोर मुलिफोरा सरासनस्राथियाव गिदिंफिननो मोनसे गोख्रै-खारनोल’ बाहायजायो आरो बेयो माब्लाबासो दि बैफोरखौ फारियै होनांगौ। Another treatment sometimes used in cases of severe depression and occasionally mania is Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT). जोबोरैनो गोसो-बायनाय आरो बुब्लियारियै बोरनाय जाथायफोराव गुबुन फाहामनाया माब्लाबा बाहायजानाया जादों इलेक्ट्र-कनक्लुसिभ थेरापि (इ.सि.ति.)। When administered, the patient is given a muscle relaxant and a short-acting general anaesthetic. जेब्ला सामलायजायो जब्राया मोनसे मोदोम-गेहेन सुग्लायहोग्रा आरो खम-सम-खामानि-मावनाय सरासनस्रा एनास्थेतिक होजायो। A strictly controlled electric current is passed through the brain from electrodes placed against the head. गोख्रोङै दबथायनाय मोब्लिबारि दाहारा मोनसेया खरनि हेंथायै सामलायग्रा फजनायनिफ्राय मेलेमनि गेजेरजों बारलाङो। There may be a loss of memory for the period of the treatment but there is no evidence of long-term effects on memory. फाहामनायनि समफारियाव फारियै गोसोखांथि गोमानाय जानो हागौ नाथाय गोसोखांथियाव गोलाव सम गोहोमनि जेबो फोरमान गैया। Generally,ECT can successfully improve severe depression. सरासनस्रायै इ.सि.ति.आ जोबोरैनो गोसो-बायनायखौ जाफुंसारनायै जौगाहोनो हायो। The effects of the mood swings put a great strain on marriages and children (or parents), and on employers and friends as well as the individual sufferer. गोसो-अबस्था दिन्दांनायनि गोहोमफोरा हाबाफोर आरो खुदियाफोरनाव (एबा बिमा-बिफाफोर) आरो थिसनग्राफोर आरो लोगोफोर लोगोसेनो गावारि भुगिग्राफोरनि सायाव मोनसे जोबोर नारसिननाय होयो। In a number of cases this leads to isolation, loss of job, or loss of home, making for further strains and increasing the loneliness of the sufferer. आरोबाव-बांसिन लोरबां बानायनानै आरो भुगिग्रानि हारसिंथिखौ बारायनानै गोबां बेलायाव बेयो हारसिंथि, खामानि खोमानाय एबा न’ खोमानाय जाहोयो। He or she may have to take mood stabilisers, in one form or another, for an appreciable length of time, possibly even for the rest of their lives. बियो एबा बियो गोसो-अबस्था दिदोम-खालामग्राफोरखौ लानांगौ जानो हागौ, मोनसे महराव एबा गुबुन-मोनसेयाव, समनि मोनसे गनायथावना लावथायनि थाखाय, जाथावनायै अदेबानि बिसोरनि जिउफोरनि थालांनायनि थाखाय। Try to recognise symptoms early, as it is sometimes possible to stop a mood change from becoming more intense either by early drug treatment or by avoiding difficult situations. थाबनो मुलैजों फाहामनायजों नङाब्ला गोब्राब थासारिफोरखौ नेवसिनानै बांसिन जिंगा जानायनिफ्राय मोनसे गोसो-अबस्थाखौ बेयो माब्लाबा होबथानो जाथावना हिसाबै लैखोनफोरखौ थाबनो सिनायनो नाजा। A change in sleep pattern is often a useful indicator of early relapse. उन्दुनाय आदबाव प्राय सोलायनाय थाब सिगांनि-अबस्था-थांफिनग्रानि मोनसे खामानिगोनां इसारा-होग्रा। Prevent complications by not abusing alcohol and caffeine products (tea, coffee, coke) and maintaining a balanced diet. फेग्रा-मुवा आरो काफिन दिहुनथायफोरखौ (साहा, कफि आरो कक) गाज्रियै-बाहायालासे आरो समानथिगोनां खाजाखौ सामलायनानै गोब्राबथिफोरखौ होबथा। As the illness can be stress-related, learn what causes you stress and plan your life to try and avoid unnecessary stress. जब्राथिया नारसिननाय-सोमोन्दोगोनां जानो हायो हिसाबै, गियान-ला मा जाहोना नोंखौ नारसिनो आरो गोनांथिगैयै नारसिननायखौ नाजानो आरो नेवसिनो नोंनि जिउखौ बिथांखि-ला। First of all, loved ones and relatives should recognize that the strange behaviour, violent or abusive language or prolonged silences, which characterize certain phases of the illness, is not a previously hidden facet of the personality but a symptom of the mood disorder. गिबियावनो मोजां-मोननाय सासे आरो सोमोन्दोआरिफोरखौ सिनायनांगौ दि मिथिमोनै आखल-बाहायनाय, हिंसा एबा खाब्रां राव एबा गोलाव-जोरनाय निजोमथि जाय जब्राथिनि थि समखौ फोरमायो, सुबुं-आखुनि बेयो मोनसे सिगाङावनो थाखुमाना-थानाय बिथिं नङा नाथाय गोसो थि-नङैनि मोनसे लैखोन। Understand that you may have to lock away or hide household poisons or tablets on certain occasions or at other times go out and find the sufferer. बुजि दि नों गोजानाव जोबना-दोननो जानो हागौ एबा थि बुब्लिफोराव नखरनि बिषफोर एबा बरिफोरखौ दोनखुमा एबा गुबुन समफोराव बायजोआव थां आरो भुगिग्राखौ नागिर। Do not be afraid to get in touch with the police who have generally been found to be helpful. पुलिसजों सोमोन्दोआव फैनो गिनाङा जायखौ सरासनस्रायै हेफाजाब-होग्रागोनां होनना मोननाय जाबोदों। You may also have to encourage the person to visit the psychiatrist, or ask for urgent help whenever the sufferer is so "high" that he or she is no longer aware that anything is wrong. गोसो-बिगियानगिरिखौ लोगो-हमहैनो नों सुबुंखौ थुलुंगा होनांगौबो जानो हागौ एबा भुगिग्राया जेब्लानो जोबोर "गोब्राब" गोनांथार हेफाजाब बिनायनि थाखाय दि बियो एबा बियो आरोबाव सांग्रां नङादि माबा गोरोन्थि जादों। Visiting the sufferer at the hospital can also be a real test of your beliefs and understanding. भुगिग्राखौ देहा-फाहामसालियाव लोगो-हमहैनायाबो नोंनि फोथायनाय आरो बुजिनायनि मोनसे गुबै आनजाद जानो हायो। You may not be well received, being accused of putting them in hospital etc. It helps the sufferer if you remain consistent and firm in attitude. बिसोरखौ देहा-फाहामसालियाव दोनदों बायदिसिना होननानै नों मोजाङै मोना जानो हागौ। नों गोसो-अबस्थायाव दिदोम आरो गोख्रों थायोब्ला बेयो भुगिग्राखौ हेफाजाब-खालामो। You may gain further insight and understanding of the illness from the nursing and medical staff. नार्सिं आरो मेदिकेल मावफारिया-हानजानिफ्राय बेरामनि नों आरोबाव-बांसिन गुमुर आरो बुजिनाय मोननो हागौ। Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection. देंगुआ थामफैनिफ्राय- जोनोम-जानाय मोनसे भाइरेल सनदेरनाय। Dengue fever is a severe, flu-like illness that affects infants, young children and adults, but rarely causes death. देंगु लोमजानाया गोब्राब, बेरामबादि फ्लु जाय गथ’-गोरलैफोर, उन्दै खुदियाफोर आरो बैसोगोराफोरखौ खहा-खालामो नाथाय माब्लाबासो थैनायनि जाहोन-जायो। The 2 most severe forms of dengue are Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). देंगुनि मोननै बांसिन गोब्राब महरफोरा जादों देंगु हेमिउरेजिक लोमजानाय (दि.एइस.एफ.) आरो देंगु सौग्रावनाय लैखोनफोर (दि.एस.एस.)। Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of the infective female Aedes mosquito. देंगु भाइरासफोरा सनदेरनायारि जो एइदिस थामफैनि अरनायनि गेजेरजों मानसिफोरनाव बारदेरो। Mosquitoes generally acquire the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person. थामफैफोरा सरासनस्रायै सनदेरजानाय सुबुंनि थैनि सायाव थांनानै-थानाय समाव भाइरासफोरखौ आरजियो। Once infective, a mosquito is capable of transmitting the virus to susceptible individuals for the rest of its life. खेबसे सनदेरनायारिब्ला थामफै मासेया गोहोम-खोख्लैथावना सुबुंफोरनाव बेनि थालांनाय जिउनि थाखाय भाइरासखौ बारदेरहोनो हाथावना। The dengue virus circulates in the blood of the infected humans for 3 - 14 days (average 4 to 6 days). देंगु भाइरासफोरा सनदेरजानाय मानसिफोरनि थैयाव 3 -14 सानफोरनि (गड़ 4निफ्राय 6 सानफोरसिम) थाखाय गोसारो। The person may experience sudden onset of fever accompanied by a variety of non-specific signs and symptoms. सुबुङा रोखानङै नेरसोनफोर आरो लैखोनफोरनि गोबां-रोखोमफोरजों जाफानाय लोमजानाय नाख्रेबनायनि हरखाब मोनरोंगौथि-लानो हागौ। The signs and symptoms of dengue fever vary according to the age of the patient. देंगु लोमजानायनि नेरसोनफोर आरो लैखोनफोरा जब्रानि बैसो हिसाबै गुबुन-गुबुन। Infants and young children may have a fever and rash. गथ’-गोरलैफोर आरो उन्दै गथफोरा लोमजानाय आरो सख्ला जानो हागौ। Older children and adults may have either a mild fever or an abrupt onset of high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pains and rashes. बैसो-गेदेर खुदियाफोर आरो बैसोगोराफोरा गेजेरारि लोमजानाय नङाब्ला बांसिन लोमजानायनि मोनसे हरखाब जागायनाय जोबोर खर’-सानाय, मेगन सेराव सानाय, मोदोम-गेहेन आरो जरा सानायफोर आरो सख्लाफोर जानो हागौ। During the acute phase of dengue, it is difficult to distinguish DHF/DSS from Dengue fever and other viral illnesses. देंगुनि गोख्रों थाखो समाव देंगु लोमजानाय आरो भाइरेल बेरामफोरनिफ्राय बेयो दि.एइस.एफ/दि.एस.एस. फाराग-खालामनो गोब्राब। The critical stage of DHF/DSS occurs most frequently from 24 hours before to 24 hours after the temperature falls to or below normal. दि.एइस.एफ./दि.एस.एसनि खैफोदगोनांसिन थाखोआ 24 घन्टा सिगांनिफ्राय 24 घन्टासिम बिदुङा सरासनस्रानि गाहायाव हायख्लायनो बांसिन गले-गलेयै जाखाङो। Symptoms of DHF include fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint pains and body aches, nausea and vomiting and skin rashes. दि.एइस.एफनि लैखोनफोर लोमजानाय, जोबोर खर’-सानाय, मेगननि सेराव सानाय, गान्थि सानाय आरो मोदोम सानायफोर, गोबाल-मोननाय आरो गोबानाय आरो बिगुर सख्लाफोरखौ लाफायो। The patient is generally very ill for seven days, followed by intense weakness for many weeks. उनाव गोबां सफथाफोर जोबोर लोरबांथि-जाहोनानै जब्राया सरासनस्रायै स्नि साननि थाखाय जोबोर बेराम-जायो। A platelet count of less than 100,000/mm3 is usually found between days 3 and 8 of illness. 100,000/घन मि.मि.निखुरै मोनसे प्लेतेलेत खम साननायखौ सरासनस्रायै बेरामथिनि 3 आरो 8 सानफोरनि गेजेराव मोननाय-जायो। Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever causes fever, cough, headache, vomiting and abdominal pain. देंगु हेमिउरेजेनिक लोमजानाया लोमजानाय, गुजुनाय, खर’-सानाय गोबानाय आरो उदैयारि सानायनि जाहोन। There may be blood-clotting problems that may lead to internal bleeding and death. थै-गथा-खानाय जेंनाफोर थानो हागौ जाय इसिङारि थै-गनाय आरो थैनाय जाहोनो हागौ। If Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever is not treated, it can lead to Dengue Shock Syndrome. देंगु हेमिउरेजेनिक लोमजानाया फाहामजायाब्ला बेयो देंगु समखिनाय लैखोनाव सोलायनो हायो। In patients with severe DHF or DSS, fever and non-specific signs and symptoms of a few days duration are followed by the sudden deterioration of the patient's condition. गोब्राब दि.एइस.एफ एबा दि.एस.एसजों जब्राफोरनाव लोमजानाय आरो रोखानङै नोरसोनफोरा आरो साननैसो समफारिनि लैखोनफोरा जब्रानि थाथायनि हरखाब गुन-गाज्रि-जालांनायजों उनसंजायो। The patient may appear lethargic at first, become restless and then rapidly pass into the critical stage of shock. गिबियाव जब्राया बोलोगैयै नुजानो हागौ, उसु-खुथु जायो आरो बेनि-उनाव समखिनायनि खैफोदगोनां थाखोआव गोख्रैयै बारलाङो। The critical stage of DHF/DSS occurs most frequently from about 24 hours after the temperature falls to normal or below. दि.एइस.एफ/दि.एस.एसनि खैफोदगोनां थाखोआ बिदुङा सरासनस्रायाव एबा गाहायाव हायख्लायनायनि उनाव प्राय 24 घन्टाफोरनिफ्राय जोबोर गले-गलेयै जाखाङो। During this time, haemorrhagic manifestations occur and signs of circulatory failure may appear. बे समाव हेमिउरेजेनिक फोरमायथिनायफोरा जाखाङो आरो खारसारथायारि फेलेंनि नेरसोनफोरा नुजानो हागौ। Signs of haemorrhage are common and include bleeding under the skin (petechiae and purpura), gum bleeding, bleeding from the nose and gastrointestinal tract and heavy menstrual flow. हेमिउरेजिकनि नेरसोनफोरा सरासनस्रा आरो बिगुराव (गोजा-दागो आरो पुरपुरा), आथा गनाय, गन्थंनिफ्राय थै-गनाय आरो गेस्त्रइनसियेल लामा आरो जोबोरै मासिक गनायखौ लाफायो। They frequently experience acute abdominal pain shortly before the onset of shock. समखिनाय जागायनायनि सिगाङाव बैफोरो गोख्रों उदैयारि सानायखौ गले-गले मोनरोंगौथि-लायो। The Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever lasts from 3 to 14 days. देंगु हेमिउरेजिक लोमजानाया 3निफ्राय 14 सानसिम जोरो। The average incubation period is 4 - 6 days. गड़ बारायनाय समफारिया 4-6 सानफोर। Dengue viruses are not communicable and cannot be passed from one person to another. देंगु भाइरासफोरा फोनांजाबथावना नङा आरो सासे सुबुंनिफ्राय गुबुन सासेनाव बारलांनो हाया। Depression is a very common experience. गोसो-बायनाया जोबोर सरासनस्रा मोनरोंगौथि। Everyone feels fed up, miserable or sad sometimes. साफ्रोमबोआनो बानाय, सुखुगैयै एबा माब्लाबा दुखु मोनदाङो। Usually the reason is obvious - disappointment, frustration, losing someone or something important. सरासनस्रायै जाहोना रोखा हाथास-जानाय, गोसो-बायनाय, सोरखौबा खोमानाय एबा माबा-मोनसे गोनांथार। Such sadness and grief are normal and temporary reactions to life's stresses. बेबादि दुखुथि आरो दुखुफोरा जिउनि जिंगाफोराव सरासनस्रा आरो दान्दिजोरारि उलथा-जाथायफोर। It is not a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be willed or wished away. गावारि लोरबांथिनि बेयो मोनसे नेरसोन एबा थाथाय नङा जायखौ नागारनो एबा सायखहरनो हायो। A depressive disorder is a "whole-body" illness. गोसो-बायनायारि बेले-बेजे मोनसेया "गासै मोदोम " बेरामथि। It can affect the way you think and the way you feel, both physically and emotionally. बेयो नोंनि साननायनि आदब आरो मोनदांनायनायनि आदबखौ देहायारि आरो आबेगारि मोननैयैबो गोहोम-खोख्लैयो। Depressive disorders come in different forms. गोसो-बायनायारि बेले-बेजेफोरा गुबुन-गुबुन महरफोराव फैयो। Major depression is characterized by a combination of symptoms that affect our work, interests and feelings towards family and friends. गाहाय गोसो-बायनाया लैखोनफोरनि मोनसे जथायजों आखु-होजानाय जाय नखर आरो लोगोफोरनि फारसे जोंनि खामानि, गोसो-होथाबनाय आरो मोनदांथिफोरखौ गोहोम-खोख्लैयो। It consists of a severe and persistent depressed mood that lasts for at least two weeks and causes significant distress to interfere with daily functioning. जोबोर आरो हबथाबबाय-थाग्रा गोसो-बायनाय गोसो-थासारिजों बेयो दाजानाय जाय खमब्लाबो सफथा खननै जोरो आरो सानफ्रोमबोनि खामानि-मावनायजों लोब्बा-जानो गनायनोगोनां जिंगानि जाहोन-जायो। These disabling episodes can occur once, twice or several times in a lifetime. बेफोर हाथावै-खालामनाय खोन्दोफोरा जिउ-समाव खनसे, खननै एबा गोबां खेब जाखांनो हायो। Dysthymia is a milder form of depression characterised by long-term, chronic depressive symptoms. दिसथाइमियाया गोलाव-समफारि, गोबाव-जोरनाय गोसो-बायनायारि लैखोनफोरजों आखु-होजानाय गोसो-बायनायनि मोनसे गेजेरारि महर। The depressed mood persists for a period of two years and is accompanied by changes in energy, appetite or sleep as well as loss of self-esteem and feelings of hopelessness. गोसो-बायनाय गोसो-थासारिया बोसोरनैनि मोनसे समफारिनि थाखाय हेंथा-होनाय आरो गोहो, उखैनाय एबा उन्दुनाय लोगोसे गाव-सनमान-होनायनि गोमानाय आरो मिजिंगैयैनि मोनदांनाय सोलायनायफोरजों जाफानाय। These symptoms cause distress and difficulty in functioning but are not as severe as in major depression. बेफोर लैखोनफोरा जिंगा आरो खामानि-मावनायाव गोब्राबथिनि जाहोन नाथाय बेफोरो गाहाय गोसो-बायनायाव गोब्राबबादि नङा। People who suffer from dysthymia are at increased risk for episodes of major depression. दिसथाइमियायाव जाय सुबुंफोरा भुगियो बिसोरो गाहाय गोसो-बायनायनि खोन्दोफोरनि थाखाय बांनाय खैफोदाव। "Double depression" occurs when mild depression is present most of the time with occasional periods of more severe depressive symptoms. बांसिन गोब्राब गोसो-बायनायारि लैखोनफोरनि बुब्लियारि समफारिफोरजों बांसिन समाव जेब्ला गेजेरारि गोसो-बायनाया नुजायो "फाननै गोसो-बायनाय" जाखाङो। Some types of depression run in families, indicating hereditary or genetic factors in the transmission of depressive disorders. उनमोनथायारिखौ एबा गोसो-बायनायारि बेले-बेजेफोरखौ बारदेरहोनायाव फोलेरारि जाहोथायफोरखौ इसारा-होनानै गोसो-बायनायनि माखासे रोखोमफोरा नखफोराव सलियो। However, it can also occur in people who have no family history of depression. जायहा गोसो-बायनायनि नखरारि जारिमिन गैया बै सुबुंनाव अदेबानि बेयो जाखांनोबो हागौ। Whether inherited or not, major depressive disorder is often associated with having too little or too much of certain chemicals in the brain. उनमोनदोंमोनना मोनाखैमोन, गाहाय गोसो-बायनायारि बेले-बेजेया प्राय मेलेमाव थि रसायनारिफोरनि जोबोर फिसा एबा जोबोर गेदेर जानायजों लोब्लाबोगां। Events in life are contributing factors to depression. जिउआव जाथायफोरा गोसो-बायनायाव बिहोमायारि जाहोथायफोर। It is also quite normal to feel depressed after a distressing event but normally we "work through" our feelings about what has happened and come to terms with them. जिंगा-सिहोनाय जाथाय मोनसेनि उनाव गोसो-बायनाय मोनदांनायाबो आबुङै सरासनस्रा नाथाय सरासनस्रायै मा जाथाय-जाबोबाय आरो बैफोरनि बेलायाव बागै जों जोंनि मोनदांनायफोरनि " गेजेरजों खामानि-मावो" । Any change, serious loss or stress such as death of a loved one, divorce, loss of a job, retirement or move to a new home, could precipitate a depressive illness. जायखिजाया सोलायनाय, खैफोदगोनां गोमानाय एबा मोजां मोननाय सासेनि थैनायबादि जिंगा, फाथैलाय-बिसिनाय, खामानि गोमानाय, आजोरोम-मोननाय एबा गोदान नआव हाबहैनाया गोसो-बायनायारि बेरामथि मोनसेयाव बाहागो-लानो हागौ। Lack of social support in Stressful circumstances also plays a part. जिंगागोनां थासारिफोराव समाजारि हेफाजाबनि आंखालाबो मोनसे बाहागो मावफुङो। If we are alone and socially isolated, have many other worries or are physically debilitated, then we may be more vulnerable to developing depression. जों हारसिं आरो समाजारियै एरखजानायब्ला गुबुन गोबां जिंगाफोर दङ एबा मोदोमारियै लोरबां-खालामजानाय बेनि-उनाव गोसो-बायनायखौ बांहोनो जों बांसिन गाग्लोब-जाथावना जानो हागौ। Depression is also commonly accompanied by physical illnesses, especially life-threatening diseases such as cancer and heart disease, chronic and painful diseases such as arthritis, bronchitis or stroke. गोसो-बायनायाबो मोदोमारि बेरामथिफोरजों सरासनस्रायै जाफानाय जरखायै केन्सार आरो मैखुन बेरामबादि जिउ सिगिनाय बेरामफोर, आरथ्राइतिस, ब्रंकाइतिस एबा स्त्रकबादि गोबाव-जोरनाय आरो सानाय-गोनां बेरामफोर। Some depression may follow infections such as influenza. माखासे गोसो-बायनाया इनफ्लुवेनजाबादि सनदेरनायखौ उनसंनो हागौ। Personality may also play a part in depression. बिगावथियाबो गोसो-बायनायाव मोनसे बाहागो मावफुंनो हायो। Although anyone can become depressed under certain circumstances, some are more vulnerable than others because of our individual make-up or previous experiences. थि थासारिफोराव जायखिजाया-सासेयानो गोसो-बायनाय जानो हागौब्लाबो जोंनि गावारि सामलायनाय एबा सिगांनि मोनरोंगौथिफोरनि थाखाय माखासेया गुबुननिखुरै बांसिन गाग्लोबजाथाव। It seems that women get depressed more often than men. आयजोफोरा हौवाफोरनिखुरै प्राय बांसिन गोसो-बायनाय मोनो होनना मोनदाङो। It could also mean that women may be under more stress, such as from having to work and at the same time from having to look after a child. बेयो ओंथि-फोरमायनोबो हादोंमोन दि खामानि मावनांगौनिफ्राय आरो एखे समावनो खुदिया सासेखौ जोथोन-लानांगौनिफ्राय आयजोफोरा बांसिन जिंगायाव थानो हागौ। It may also be a reaction to a disturbing event such as the death of a friend or relative, a break-up with a boyfriend or girlfriend, or failure at school. सासे लोगो आरो सोमोन्दोआरि थैनाय सेंग्रा-लोगो एबा सिख्ला-लोगोजों नागारलायनाया एबा फरायसालियाव फेलें-जानाय खायसो-खालामनायबादि जाथाय मोनसेयाव बेयो उलथा-जाथाय जानो हागौ। Adolescents who have low self-esteem, are highly self-critical, and who feel little sense of control over negative events are particularly at risk of being depressed when they experience stressful events. सेंग्रा-बैसोआरिफोरा जायहा खम गाव-सनमान-खालामनाय दङ बिसोर जोबोरैनो गाव-सावरायथायारि आरो दानखथायारि जाथायफोरनि सायाव जाय इसे दबथायनायनि बाथ्रा सानो बिसोर जरखायै जेब्ला बिसोर जिंगागोनां जाथायफोरखौ रोंगौथि-लायो गोसो-बायनाय जानायनि खैफोदाव। Detecting depression in the elderly may be complicated by several factors. बैसोगोरा मानसिनाव गोसो-बायनाय सिनायनाया गोबां जाहोथायफोरजों गोब्राबथिगोनां जानो हागौ। Often, the symptoms of depression are associated with the aging process or a medical condition rather than with depression. गोसो-बायनायनि लैखोनफोरा गोसो-बायनायजोंनि सोलाय प्राय बैसो-जानाय फारिखान्थि एबा मेदिकेल थासारि जों लोब्बागोनां। Contributing factors include difficulties coping with the loss of a spouse or close friend, chronic pain and illnesses, mobility or memory loss, changing circumstances such as moving from a home to a retirement facility or changes within the family. बिहोमाथायारि जाहोथायफोरा जुलि-लोगो एबा आंगो लोगो सासेनि गोमानायजों जाबजानाय गोब्राबथिफोर, गोबाव-जोरनाय सानाय आरो बेरामथि, लोरसोरारि एबा गोसोखांथि गोमानाय, ननिफ्राय आजोरोम-लानाया खाबुसिम एबा नखराव सोलायथायफोर बादिखौ लाफायो। Depression can also be a sign of a medical problem. गोसो-बायनाया मेदिकेल जेंनानिबो मोनसे नेरसोन जानो हायो। It may be complicated by brain disorders associated with aging such as Alzheimer's disease or organic brain syndrome. आलजेइमार बेराम एबा दाथायारि मेलेम गोब्राबथिबादि बैसो-बांनायजों बेयो मेलेम बेले-बेजेजों गोब्राबथिगोनां जानो हागौ। Psychotherapy and antidepressant medications can be used to treat depressive disorders. सायकथेरापि आरो गोसो-बायनाय-होखारग्रा मुलै-फाहामनायफोरा गोसो-बायनायारि बेले-बेजेफोरखौ फाहामनो बाहायजानो हायो। A combination of antidepressants and psychotherapy appears to give better results than either method alone. गोसो-बायनाय-होखारग्रा आरो सायकथेरापिनि मोनसे जथाया मोननैनिबो आदबफोरनिखुरै हारसिङै मोजांसिन फिथायफोर होनो नुजायो। Medication will give relatively quick symptom relief and psychotherapy helps sufferers deal with life's problems more effectively. ध्याना-खालामनाया रुजुनायै थाब लैखोन रेहाय-मोननाय होगोन आरोसायकथेरापिया जिउनि जोंनाफोरजों खामानिगोनाङै मोगा-मोगि-जानो भुगिग्राखौ हेफाजाब-होयो। Psychotherapy involves talking things through with a trained counsellor or psychotherapist. सायकथेरापिया फोरोंथायगोनां बोसोनहोग्रा एबा सायकथेरापिस्त सासेनि हेफाजाबाव रायलायनाय मुवाफोरजों लोबबागोनां। Sometimes, it is hard to express your real feelings even to close friends. माब्लाब नोंनि नंगुबै मोनदांनायखौ फोरमायनाया गोब्राब अदेबानि आंगोसिन लोगोखौबो। Talking to a therapist, someone who can really listen and understand without passing judgment can bring tremendous relief. थेरापिस्त सासेजों रायलायनाया, सोरबा-सासेया जाय बिजिरनाय बारहोआलासै थारैनो खोनांसंनो आरो बुजिनो हायो सोमोनांथाव रेहाय-मोननाय लाबोनो हायो। Antidepressants are necessary if your depression is severe or had gone on for a long time. नोंनि गोसो-बायनाया जोबोरब्ला एबा गोबाव जालांबायब्ला गोसो-बायनाय-होखारग्राफोरा गोनांथार। The antidepressants most often used include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors, lithium and some new antidepressants such as serotonergic noradrenergic re-uptake inhibitors. गोसो-बायनाय-होखारग्राफोरा प्राय बांसिन बाहायजानाया त्रिसाइक्लिक गोसो-बायनाय-होखारग्राफोर (ति.सि.ए.एस.), सायखनायारि सेरतनिन लाफिननाय मुवाफोरखौ (एस.एस.आर.आइ.एस), मनमाइन अक्सिदेस मुवाफोर, लिथियाम आरो सेरतनार्जिक नरादेनार्जिक लाफिननाय मुवाफोरबादि माखासे गोदान गोसो-बायनाय-होखारग्राफोर लाफायो। Lithium and other mood stabilisers such as sodium valproate and carbamazepine are often used to enhance the effectiveness of antidepressants. सदियाम भालप्रत आरो कारबामाजेपाइनबादि लिथियाम आरो गुबुन दिदोम-खालामग्राफोरा गोसो-बायनाय-होखारग्राफोरखौ खामानि-मावनायखौ बांहोनो प्राय बाहायजायो। It is important to realise that antidepressants do not begin working as soon as you take them. Their action is slow and you need to be patient for the first week or two. बुजिनाया गोनांथार दि गोसो-बायनाय होखारग्राफोरा बैफोरखौ नों जानाय लोगो-लोगो खामानि-मावनो जागाया। बैफोरनि खामानिया लासै आरो गिबि सफथा एबा मोननैनि थाखाय नों गोसो-हमथानांगोन। When you do feel better, it is important not to stop the medications straight away as you may then relapse into depression again. जेब्ला नों मोजांसिन मोनदाङो बेनि-उनाव आरोबाव नों गोसो-बायनायाव सोलायजागोन हिसाबै थोंजों गोजानाव मुलै-फाहामनायफोरखौ दोनथयैआ गोनांथार। Let your doctor advise you when to stop. माब्ला दोनथनांगौ नोंनि दाक्टारखौ सुबुरुन-होनो हो। You can eat a normal diet (if not, your doctor will tell you) and they are compatible with painkillers, antibiotics and oral contraceptive pills. नों मोनसे सरासनस्रा खाजा (नङाब्ला नोंनि दाक्टारा खोन्थागोन) जानो हायो आरो बैफोरो पेइनकिलारफोर, एन्टिबायटिकफोर आरो खुगायारि कन्ट्रासेपतिप बरि-मुलैफोर जों खामानि-मावनो-हाथावना। You should avoid alcohol as it will interfere with the tablets and make you too drowsy. बेयो बुरि-मुलैजों लोब्बा-जागोन आरो नोंखौ जोबोर उन्दुरोमा-रोमि खालामगोन हिसाबै नों फेग्रा-मुवाखौ नेवसिनांगौ। Anti-anxiety drugs such as diazepam are not antidepressants. दायाजुपामबादि उसु-खुथु-होखारग्रा मुलैफोरा गोसो-बायनाय-होखारग्रा नङा। They are sometimes prescribed along with antidepressants but they should not be taken alone for a depressive disorder. गोसो-बायनाय-होखारग्राफोरजों बैफोरो माब्लाबा गनायथिजायो नाथाय मोनसे गोसो-बायनायारि बेले-बेजेनि थाखाय बैफोरो हारसिङै लाजानाङा। A small number of severely depressed people do not get better with these treatments or are intolerant to drugs. जोबोरैनो गोसो-बायनाय सुबुंनि खम अनजिमाया बेफोर फाहामनाय साबसिन मोना एबा बेफोरो मुलैफोरजों सहायहाथावै। It involves giving a light anaesthetic and a drug to relax the muscles of the body, and an electric current is then passed through the brain for a few seconds. रेजें एनास्थेतिक आरो मोदोमनि मोदोम-गोहोना सुग्लायनो मुलै मोनसे होनायाव बेयो लोब्बागोनां आरो बेनि-उनाव मिनिट-नैसोनि थाखाय मेलेमनि गेजेरजों मोनसे मोब्लिबारि दाहार बारलाङो। The whole procedure takes about fifteen minutes and all the patient is aware of is having gone to sleep. गासै फारिखान्थिया प्राय जिबा मिनिट लायो आरो गासैबो जब्राया उन्दुहैनायखौ सांग्रां। A course of ECT amounts from six to 12 treatments, usually given three times a week. दनिफ्राय 12 फाहामनायफोरनिसिम इ.सि.टि.नि बिबांफोरनि मोनसे फारिया सरासनस्रायै सफथायाव खनथाम होजायो। Antidepressants are not tranquillisers although they may help you feel less anxious. खम उसाव-बादाव मोनदांनो बैफोरो नोंखौ हेफाजाब-खालामनो हागौब्लाबो गोसो-बायनाय-होखारग्राफोरा ट्रेंकुइलिजारस नङा। They are very effective at getting depressed people back to normal. गोसो-बायनाय सुबुंखौ सरासनस्रायाव लाबोनायाव बैफोरो जोबोर खामानिगोनां। However, antidepressants may cause mild and usually temporary side effects in some people. अदेबानि गोसो-बायानाय-होखारग्राफोरा गेजेरनि आरो सरासनस्रायै दान्दिजोरारि उफेरा बिजाउनफोरा माखासे सुबुङाव जाहोन जानो हागौ। However, if the side effects are unusual or interfere with your daily functioning, do not hesitate to report it to your doctor. अदेबानि उफेरा बिजाउनफोरा सरासनस्रानङै एबा नोंनि सानफ्रोमबोनि खामानि-मावनायजों लोबबा-जायोब्ला नोंनि दाक्टारखौ खोन्थाहैनो आसुसु-मोननाङा। If you have recently had some bad news or a major crisis in your life, try and talk to people close to you how you feel about it. दाबावैसो नोंहा माबा गाज्रि खौरांफोर एबा नोंनि जिउआव मोनसे गाहाय आंखाल दङमोनब्ला सुबुंजों आंगोयै रायलाय आरो बेनि बागै नों मोनदांगोन नाजा। Get out of the house for some exercise, even if only for a walk. माखासे ब्याम अदेबानि थाबायनायनि थाखायब्लाबो ननिफ्राय ओंखार। While you may not feel able to work, it is always good to try to keep up some light activities such as housework. जेब्ला नों मावनो हाथावना मोनदाङा नखरनिबादि रेजें खामानिफोरखौ मावना-नायनाया बेयो अरायबो मोजां। This will help take your mind off those painful feelings. बेयो बैफोर दुखुगोनां मोनदांनायफोरखौ बोखारनो हेफाजाब-खालामगोन। Eat good, balanced meals regularly, even though you may not feel like eating. मोजां, समानथायगोनां खाजाफोरखौ नेमआरियै जा अदेबानि नों जानो लुबैयाब्लाबो। Resist the temptation to drown your sorrows with alcohol. फेग्रा-मुवाजों नोंनि दुखुखौ होखारहरनो लुबैनायखौ होबथा। Alcohol actually depresses mood, so while it may give you immediate relief, this is very temporary and you may end up more depressed. फेग्रा-मुवाया थारैनै गोसो-थासारिखौ बायफ्लेहोयो, बेनिखायनो जेब्ला बेयो नोंनो थाब रैखा-मोननाय होनो हागौ, बेयो जोबोर दान्दिजोरारि आरो नों बांसिन गोसो-बायनाय फोजोब हागौ। It is also bad for your physical health. बेयो नोंनि देहायारि सावस्रिनि थाखायबो गाज्रि। Don't worry too much about insomnia. इनसमनियानि बागै जोबोर जिंगा-सिनाङा। Don't be unduly upset about not sleeping. उन्दुयैनि बागै गाज्रियै दुखु जानाङा। Resting your body will still help, even if you are not actually asleep. नों थारै उन्दुलाङाब्लाबो, नोंनि मोदोमखौ जिरायहोनाया दासिम हेफाजाब होगोन। If necessary, the doctor will also prescribe some sedatives until your mood improves. गोनांथारब्ला, नोंनि मुदआ जौगायागौमानि दागथाराबो माखासे मुलिफोर बोसोनथिगोन। remind yourself that depression is something that other people have gone through, and that you will eventually come out of it. नों-गावखौनो गोसोखां दि गोसो-बायनाया माबा-मोनसे दि गुबुन सुबुंफोरा बेनि-गेजेरजों थांबाय आरो जोबथियाव नों बेनिफ्राय बायजोआव फैगोन। Depression can be a useful experience. गोसो-बायनाया मोनसे बाहायथाव रोंमोन्दांथि जानो हायो। Situations and relationships may be seen more clearly, and you may now have the strength and wisdom to make important decisions and changes in your life, which you were avoiding before. थासारिफोर आरो सोमोन्दोफोरा बांसिन रोखायै नुजानो हागौ, आरो दायो नोंहा गोनांथार थिरांथाफोर लानो आरो नोंनि जिउआव सोलायनो, गोख्रोंथि आरो गियान थानो हागौ, जायफोरखौ नोङो सिगाङाव नेवसिदोंमोन। The most important thing anyone can do for the depressed person is to help him or her get appropriate diagnosis and treatment. गोसो-बायनाय सुबुंनि थाखाय जायखि-जाया-सुबुङा मावनो हानाय बांसिन गोनां खामानिया नांगौ-बादि गुसुं-बर्नायनाय आरो फाहामथाय मोननो बिखौ एबा बिखौ हेफाजाब होनाय। Make appointments for them and accompany them to the doctor. बिसोरनि थाखाय थिसननाय-खामानिफोर खालामनाय आरो दागथारनियाव बिसोरजों लोगो-लाफानाय। Encourage them to stay with treatment until symptoms begin to abate (several weeks), or to seek different treatment if no improvement occurs, and help monitor if the depressed person is taking medication. लैक्षोनफोरा जागायनायनिफ्राय जोबनायसिम (गोबां सप्थाफोर) बिसोरखौ फाहामथायजों थानो एबा हामसिननाय जायाखैब्ला गुबुन गुबुन फाहामथाय नागिरनो थुलुंगा-हो, आरो गोसो-बायनाय सुबुङा मुलिजों-फाहामथाय लादोंब्ला बोसोनारि हेफाजाब-हो। Emotional support is also very important. आबेगारि हेफाजाबाबो जोबोर गोनांथार। Spend time with them and encourage them to talk and to keep going. बिसोरजों सम हगार आरो बिसोरखौ रायज्लायनो आरो दावगाहोनो थुलुंगा-हो। Constant reassurance is invaluable as depressed people lack confidence and are prone to worries and doubts. दिदोम हेफाजाबा बेसेन-गैयै मानोना गोसो-बायनाय सुबुफोरा फोथायथिनि आंखाल आरो दुखुफोर आरो गोनो-गोथोफोराव गोसो-बायनाय। If the depressed person is getting worse and is starting to have suicidal thoughts, take these statements seriously and report them to the depressed person's therapist. गोसो-बायनाय सुबुङा गाज्रिसिन जायो आरो गाव-बुथारारि सानस्रिफोर लानो जागायबायब्ला, बैफोर बुंनायफोरखौ गोब्राबै ला आरो बेफोरखौ गोसो-बायनाय सुबुंनि बेराम-बिगियानगिरिनो फोरमाय। Mental illness can strike anyone. मेलेमारि बेरामा जायखि-जायाखौ गाग्लोबनो हायो। It knows no age limit, economic status, race or religion. बेयो बैसो सिमा, रांखान्थियारि मान-थाखो, हारि एबा दोहोरोम जेबो मिथिया। Mental disorders vary from mild, temporary stress-related disorders to severe and prolonged disorders. मेलेमारि थि-नङैफोरा दान्दि-जोर मेलेमारि-नारसिन्थाय - सोमोन्दो-गोनां थि-नङैफोर, गुरै-आखुनिफ्राय, गाज्रिसिन आरो गोबाव थि-नङैफोरसिम सोलायो। About 16% of the people in Singapore suffer from minor mental disorders. सिंगापराव सुबुंफोरनि प्राय 16% आ खम मेलेमारि थि-नङैफोरजों भुगिनाय। Mental illness is not a single disease but consists of many different types of diseases. मेलेमारि लोमजानाया मोनसे बेरामल’ नङा नाथाय गुबुन गुबुन रोखोमफोरनि बेरामफोरजों दाजानाय। It includes many kinds of mental and emotional disorders that differ in causes, symptoms and treatment. बेयो जाउनफोर, लैक्षोनफोर आरो फाहामथायफोराव गुबुनथि-जानाय मेलेमारि आरो आबेगारिनि थि-नङै गोबां रोखोमफोरखौ लाफायो। The disease causes mild to severe disturbances in thinking, feeling and behaviour, resulting in an inability to cope with life's ordinary demands and routine. बेरामा साननाय, हमदांनाय आरो आखुथायाव गुरै-आखुनिफ्राय बांद्राय सुखुयैफोरसिम फिननो, जिउनि दान्दि-जोरारि गोनांथिफोर आरो फारिलायजों सोलिनायाव मोनसे हारोंथि-गैयैनि फिननाय-होयो। Mental illness can be divided into 2 main groups: Psychotic illness (major mental illness), e.g. Schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis and delusional disorder. मेलेमारि लोमजानायखौ 2 गुबै हान्जाफोराव राननो हायो: चाइकटिक लोमजानाय ( गाहाय मेलेमारि लोमजानाय), जेरै स्कितसुफ्रिनिया, मेनिक-दिप्रेसिफ साइकसिस आरो थगायनायारि थि-नङै। People with psychotic illness lose touch with reality and perceive the world differently from others. गोसोआरि लोमजानाय गोनां सुबुंफोरा थारथिजों लोब्बा गोमानाय आरो गुबुनफोरनिफ्राय बुहुमखौ जुदायै नोजोर-होयो। They may develop delusions i.e. false beliefs of grandeur and persecution and experience hallucinations. बिसोरो थगायनायखौ जौगाहोनो हागौ जेरै देरगा-गोसो आरो उदखारिनि नंखाय फोथायनाय आरो खर’थिगगैयैनि रोंमोन्दांथि। They may see, hear, smell, taste and feel things, which are not there. जायफोरा बैयाव गैया, बिसोरो मुवाफोरखौ नुनो, खोनानो, मोनामनो, साखिनो आरो मोन्दांनो हागौ। They may be depressed or elated out of proportion to their life circumstances. बिसोरो गावसोरनि जिउ थासारिफोरखौ रुजुनायाव गोसो-बायनो एबा रंजासारनो हागौ। Non-psychotic illness (minor mental illness), e.g. Anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder and eating disorder. गोसोआरि-नङै लोमजानाय (खम मेलेमारि लोमजानाय), जेरै उसुखुथु थि-नङैफोर, एंगार-हायै बांद्राय-साननाय थि-नङै आरो जानाय थि-नङै। The symptoms of the non-psychotic illness are exaggerated forms of normal types of behaviour and feelings. गोसोआरि-नङै लोमजानायनि लैक्षोनफोरा आखल-आखु आरो सानस्रिफोरनि सरासनस्रा बुंद्रायनाय रोखोमफोरनि महरफोर। People with non-psychotic illness may feel uncontrollable anxiety, tension, fear and depression. गोसोआरि-नङै लोमजानाय गोनां सुबुंफोरा उसुखुथु, सिन्था, गिनाय आरो गोसो-बायनायखौ हमथाहायै साननो हागौ। These feelings can cause considerable personal distress resulting in difficulties coping with daily activities. बैफोर सानस्रिफोरा सोनफ्रोमबोनि मावबिथांखिफोरजों नखल-खालामनाय गोब्राबथिफोराव फिननाय गावारि भुगिनाय जानोहाथाव जाउन-जानो हायो। Some of the signs and symptoms of mental illness include confused and unrealistic thinking, talking to oneself, laughing or crying without good reason, talking rapidly and non-stop, jumping from one topic to another, prolonged sadness and irritability, feelings of extreme highs and lows, excessive fears, worries and anxieties, social withdrawal, dramatic changes in eating or sleeping habits, strong feelings of anger, delusions or hallucinations, inability to cope with daily activities, suicidal thoughts, numerous unexplained physical complaints, denial of obvious problems etc. मेलेमारि लोमजानायनि नेर्सोनफोर आरो लैक्षोनफोरनि माखासेया गोनो-गोथो आरो जाथावै साननाय, गावखौल’ साननाय, मोजां जाहोन गैया-लासै मिनिनाय एबा गाबनाय, गोख्रैयै आरो जोबनाय-गैयै रायज्लायनाय, मोनसे आयदानिफ्राय गुबुन-मोनसेयाव बारनाय, गोबाव दुखु आरो बोराब-खांनाय, बांद्राय गोजौफोर आरो गाहायफोरनि सानस्रिफोर, बांद्राय गिनायफोर, दुखु-खालामनायफोर आरो उसुखुथुफोर, समाज लाफिननाय, जानाय आरो उन्दुनाय हुदाफोराव फावथिनायारि सोलायनोयफोर, रागानि गोख्रों सानस्रिफोर, थगायनायफोर एबा खर’थिगगैयैफोर, सानफ्रोम मावबिथांखिफोरजों सोलिनायाव हारोंथि-गैयै, गाव-बुथारारि सानस्रिफोर, गोबांथार बुफोरहायै सावस्रियारि अजदफोर, नुसारनाय जेंनाफोरनि नेवसिनाय बायदि बायदि। Mental illness, like many physical illnesses such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, cannot be cured but can be treated. गोबां देहायारि लोमजानाय बिदिन्थि हिसाबै बारायगा-सिन्था आरो दाइबेटिस मेलिटास बादि, मेलेमारि लोमजानायखौ सोखानो हाया नाथाय सिकित्सा होनो हायो। Proper care and treatment can reduce and relieve symptoms of mental illness resulting in resumption of normal activities. नांगौ-बादि जोथोन आरो फोसाबथाया सरासनस्रा मावबिथांखिनि जागायफिननायाव फिननाय मेलेमारि लोमजानायनि लैक्षोनफोर खमायनो आरो रैखा-मोन्नो हायो। The treatment for mental illness usually involves a combination of medication such as antipsychotics and antidepressants and counselling or psychotherapy. सरासनस्रायै मेलेमारि लोमजानायनि थाखाय फोसाबथाया मोनसे मुलि-होनायनि जथायखौ लाफायो बिदिन्थि हिसाबै एन्टसायकटिकफोर आरो एन्टिदिप्रेजेन्टफोर आरो बोसोन-होनाय एबा साइक’थेराफि। Learn to look at mental illness like any other medical illnesses. जायखि-जाया गुबुन मुलियारि बेरामफोर बादि मेलेमारि बेरामफोराव नायनो सोलों। Accept that if a person acts strangely it may be a symptom of mental illness. जेब्ला सासे सुबुङा गुबुनथियै खामानि-मावो, बैखौ गनाय, बेयो मेलेमारि बेरामनि मोनसे लैक्षोन जानो हागौ। Be supportive and empathetic of the mentally ill. मेलेमारियै लोमजानायनि हेफाजाबारि आरो अनसुला जा। Encourage people with signs of mental illness to seek psychiatric treatment. मेलेमारि-बेराम फोसाबथाय नागिरनो मेलेमारि लोमजानायनि नेर्सोनफोरजों सुबुंफोरखौ थुलुंगा-हो। Disasters affect people in many ways. खैफोदफोरा सुबुंफोरखौ गोबां बिथिंफोराव गोहोम-खोख्लैयो। In some situations it means loss of relatives, friends and neighbours through disasters such as earthquakes, floods or war. माखासे थासारिफोराव बेनि ओंथिया खैफोदफोर बिदिन्थि हिसाबै बांग्रिफोर, दै-बानाफोर एबा दावहाफोरनि गेजेरजों सोमोन्दोफोर, लोगोफोर आरो नसुङारिफोर गोमानाय। In others, it may mean being exposed to traumatic incidents such as rape, muggings, domestic violence, child abuse, kidnapping and car or train accidents. गुबुनफोराव, बेयो सावस्रियारि जाब्रबथायफोर बिदिन्थि हिसाबै जिनाहारि, लुथिनायफोर, नखरारि दावराव-दावसि, गथ’ सोंखारिनाय, लांखारनाय आरो गारि एबा रेल-गारि जाब्रबथायफोर जानायखौ फोरमायनो हागौ। Individuals who have experienced a traumatic event suffer psychological stress related to the incident. गावारिफोर जायफोरहा जाब्रबथायाव मोनसे सावस्रियारि जाथाय भुगिनाय गोसो-बिगियानारि नारसिननाय रोंमोन्दांथि दङ। In most instances, these are normal reactions to abnormal situations. बांसिन बिथिंफोराव, बेफोरो सरासनस्रा-नङै थासारिफोराव सरासनस्रा फिनजाथायफोर। These emotional aftershocks may appear immediately after the traumatic event, or even weeks or months later. बैफोर आबेगारि सोमावग्लुंनायफोरा सावस्रियारि जाथायनि उनाव हरखाबै एबा सप्थाफोर एबा दानफोरनि उनाव नुजानो हागौ। The signs and symptoms may vary in intensity and duration. नेर्सोनफोर आरो लैक्षोनफोरा गोसाद्राय आरो सम-फारियाव सोलायनो हागौ। Occasionally the traumatic event is so painful that individuals feel they are unable to regain control of their lives. बोथोरारियै सावस्रियारि जाथाया जोबोर सानाय-गोनां दि गावारिफोरा मोन्दाङो बिसोरो गावसोरनि थांना-थानायनि मोनफिननायखौ नुनो हानाय-नंला। This does not imply that the individual is crazy or weak. बेयो फोरमाया दि गावारिया जावलिया एबा लोरबां। It simply indicates that the particular trauma was just too powerful to manage without professional help. सरासनस्रायै बेयो दिन्थियो दि एखुथा सावस्रिया आखा-फाखा हेफाजाब गैयालासै सामलायनो जोबोर गोहो-गोरामोन। Not all people who experience trauma require treatment. गासै सुबुंफोरा नङा, जाया सावस्रियारि फोसाबथाय नांनाय रोंमोन्दाङो। Some recover with the help of family, friends or religious leaders. नखर, लोगोफोर एबा दोहोरोमारि दैदेनगिरिफोरनि हेफाजाबजों माखासे नागिरना-दिहुननाय। Others need professional help to successfully recover from the psychological damage that can result from experiencing, witnessing or participating in an overwhelming traumatic event. गुबुनफोरा रोंमोन्दांथिनाय, साखि-जानाय, एबा मोनसे जोबोद-गोख्रों सावस्रियारि जाथायाव बाहागो-लानायनिफ्राय फिन्नाय होनो हानाय गोसोआरि खहा-जानायनिफ्राय जाफुंसारनायै नागिरना-दिहुनफिननो जिउ-राहायारि हेफाजाब नाङो। It may be necessary to consider seeking professional mental health assistance as they may be suffering from symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. बे आखा-फाखा मेलेमारि सावस्रि हेफाजाब नागिरनायखौ आगु सावस्रियारि भुगिनाय थि-नङै एबा पि.ति.एस.दि.नि लैक्षोनफोरजों बिसोर गोग्लैनो हागौ बादि, गनायनो गोनांथार जानो हागौ। Diagnosis and symptoms of Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that follows a terrifying event. आगु सावस्रियारि भुगिनाय थि-नङै (पि.ति.एस.दि.) नि बेराम-सिनायनाय आरो लैक्षोनफोरा मोनसे गिख्रंहोनाय जाथाय उनसंनाय गोहो-खमायनाय थासारि। Symptoms may be mild or severe, E.g. Sufferers may become easily irritated or have violent outbursts. लैक्षोनफोरा ददेरे एबा गाज्रिथार जानो हागौ दिन्थि हिसाबै भुगिनायफोरा गोरलैयै रागा-जोंनाय एबा नांज्लायनाय खायसोफोर थानो हागौ। In severe cases they may have trouble working or socializing. गाज्रिसिनथार बिथिंफोराव बिसोरहा खामानि-मावनाय एबा समाजारि खायसो थानो हागौ। The diagnostic criteria for PTSD include a history of exposure to a catastrophic event involving actual or threatened death or injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of the person or others. पि.ति.एस.दि.नि थाखाय लैक्षोन बिसार-खान्थिया थार एबा सिगिनाय थैनाय एबा जखम-जानाय थाफानाय एबा सुबुं एबा गुबुनफोरनि सावस्रियारि खौसेथियाव सिगिनाय मोनसे अल’खद जाथायाव दिन्थिनायनि मोनसे जारिमिन। During this traumatic exposure, the individual experiences intense fear, helplessness or horror. बे सावस्रियारि दिन्थिनायनि समाव, गावारि रोंमोन्दाथिया जोबोर गिनाय, हेफाजाब-गैयै एबा गिख्रंथाव। There are three main categories of symptoms that occur after a traumatic event. बेयावहाय मोनसे सावस्रियारि जाथायनि उनाव जानाय लैखोनफोरनि मोनथाम बाहागोफोर दङ। Often people suffering from PTSD have episodes when they re-experience the traumatic event in the form of sudden, vivid memories that are accompanied by painful emotions. बिसोर बैफोर सानाय-गोनां आबेगफोरजों थाफानाय रोखा गोसोखांथिफोर, गोख्रोंनि महराव सावस्रियारि जाथायखौ रोंमोन्दांफिनोब्ला, पि.ति.एस.दि.निफ्राय भुगिनाय प्राय सुबुंफोरहा जाथाय-फारि दङ। This is called a "flashback" - a recollection that is so strong that the individual thinks that he or she is actually experiencing the trauma again or sees it unfold before his or her eyes. मोनसे बुथुमफिननाय, बैयो गोबां गोख्रों दि बै बियो एबा बियो थारै आरोबाव सावस्रियारि रोंमोन्दांथिनाय एबा बिनि एबा बिनि मेगनफोर खोबैनि सिगां बेखौ नुनाय गावारि साननायफोर - बेखौ “फोरमायफिननाय” बुङो। In traumatized children, this reliving of the trauma occurs in the form of repetitive play. बेयो मावफिन्थायनि महराव सावस्रियारि जाथायफोरनि रोंमोन्दांफिन्नाया, जखम-जानाय गथ’फोरनियाव। The re-experiencing can also be in the form of nightmares. रोंमोन्दांफिन्नाया गिख्रंथाव-सिमांफोरनि महराव जानो हायो। In young children, the distressing dreams may evolve into nightmares of monsters or threats to self or others. लायमोन गथ’फोरनियाव, दुखु-नांथाव सिमांफोरा सानबोलावरिनि गिख्रंथाव-सिमांफोराव जौगानो हागौ एबा गावखौ एबा गुबुनफोरखौ सिगियो। At times, the re-experience may come as sudden and painful onslaught of emotions that seem to have no cause. समफोराव, रोंमोन्दांफिन्नाया जाउन गैयालासै नुजानाय आबेगफोरनि हरखाब आरो सानाय-गोनां गाग्लोबनाय बादि फैनो हागौ। These emotions are usually of sadness, fear or anger. सरासनस्रायै बे आबेगफोरा दुखु, गिनाय एबा रागानि। Those suffering from PTSD often avoid close emotional ties with family, colleagues and friends. बैफोर पि.ति.एस.दि.जों भुगिनायफोरा नखर, हेफाजाबगिरि आरो लोगोफोरजों खाथि आबेगारि सोमोन्दोखौ प्राय नेवसियो। The person feels numb, has diminished emotions and frequently says they can't feel emotions especially toward those to whom they are closest. थर-गैयै सान्नाय सुबुंहा, खमायनाय आबेगफोर दङ आरो गले-गलेयै बुङो, जरखायै जायफोरजों बिसोर खाथिसिन बैसोरनिथिं, बिसोर आबेगफोरखौ साननो हाया। The person with PTSD also avoids situations that remind them of the traumatic event because the symptoms may worsen. पि.ति.एस.दि. गोनां सुबुंफोरा, बिसोरखौ सावस्रियारि जाथायनि गोसोखां-होनाय थासारिफोरखौबो नेवसियो, मानोना लैक्षोनफोरा गाज्रिसिन जानो हागौ। For example a war veteran may overreact when he sees people wearing uniforms. बिदिन्थि हिसाबै सासे दावहा रोंगौथियारिया, बियो सुबुंफोरखौ महरसे गाननाय नुयोब्ला बांद्राय-फिनजाथाय जानो हागौ। Children suffering from PTSD may show a marked change in their attitudes towards their future. पि.ति.एस.दि.जों भुगिनाय गथ’फोरा बिसोरनि इयुन थिंजाय साननायफोराव सोलायनाय दागो दिन्थिनो हागौ। The child may, for example, not expect to marry or have a career. बिदिन्थि हिसाबै, गथ’आ हाबा-लानो एबा जिउनि-राहा लानो नाजावा जानो-हागौ। People with PTSD may act as if they are continuously being threatened by the trauma. पि.ति.एस.दि. गोनां सुबुंफोरा बिसोरो जाब्रबथायजों फारियै सिगिजायोब्ला समानै आखु-दिन्थिनो हागौ। They may become irritable and have difficulty concentrating. बिसोर रागा-जोंखांनाय जानो आरो गोब्राबथि नोजोर-थिनाय लानो हागौ। They are easily startled by loud sounds. बिसोरो गोसा सोदोबफोरजों गोर्लैयै बाज्लयो। At times those with PTSD suffer panic attacks where the symptoms include extreme fear resembling those that they felt during the trauma. समफोराव, बैसोर पि.ति.एस.दि.जों भुगिनायखौ गिख्रंनाया गाग्लोबो, जेराव जाब्रबथायनि सामाव बिसोर मोन्दांनाय बैफोर गोरोबनाय बांद्राय गिनाय लैक्षोनफोरा थाफायो। They may feel sweaty, have trouble breathing and notice their heart rate raising. बिसोर मेंनो हागौ, खायसो जिरायनाय दङ आरो बिसोरनि संफ्ल बिबां बांनाय नुयो। They may also complain of nausea and dizziness. बिसोर अगायल’ आरो खर’गिदिंनायनि अजद-होनोबो हागौ। Many traumatized children have physical symptoms such as stomach aches and headaches. गोबां जाब्रब-जानाय गथ’फोरहा सावस्रियारि लैक्षोनफोर थायो दिन्थि हिसाबै उदै-सानायफोर आरो खर’सानायफोर। All the above symptoms last for more than a month and result in significant social and occupational disturbances. गोजौनि गासै लैक्षोनफोरा दान मोनसेनिख्रुइ बांसिन थायो आरो समाज आरो जिउ-राहायारि सानजाथाव खायसोफोराव फिननो। Individuals suffering from PTSD often have concomitant problems such as drug and alcohol abuse. पि.ति.एस.दि.जों भुगिनाय गावारिफोरहा प्राय थाजाब-फानाय जेंनाफोर थायो दिन्थि हिसाबै गाज्रियै मुलि आरो जौ बाहायनाय। They also experience other symptoms which are related to mood and anxiety disorders such as feeling depressed, sad and having low energy feeling, irritable, easily agitated, angry and resentful, feeling guilty for surviving, for being alive, for things not said or done, feeling fearful and anxious, difficulty with sleep and concentration, spontaneously crying, feeling a sense of despair, hopelessness which may lead to suicidal thoughts. बिसोर गुबुन लैक्षोनफोरखौबो रोंमोन्दाङो, जायफोरा साननाय आरो उसु-खुथु थि-नङैफोरजों सोमोन्दो-गोनां दिन्थि हिसाबै गोसो-बायनाय, दुखु आरो मोन्दांनाय आरो खम गोहो मोन्दांनाय, रागा-जोंखांनाय, गोरलैयै हांखुर-जानाय, रागा आरो खायसो-गोनां, थावरिनाय, थांना-थानाय, बुङै एबा मावै खामानिफोरनि थाखाय गोरोन्थि मोन्दांनाय थानाय, गिसुला आरो निरासा साननाय, उन्दुनाय आरो गोसो-होनायाव गोब्राबथि गोनां, हरखाबै गाबनाय, निरासानि सानस्रि मोन्दांनाय, आसा-गैयै जाया गावथैनायारि साननायफोराव लांनो हागौ। Hence traumatic stress can precipitate a whole host of symptoms and conditions. बेनि-थाखाय जाब्रबथायारि नारसिन्थाया लैक्षोनफोर आरो थासारिफोरनि गासै हानजाखौ जाथाय-जाहोनो हायो। The prevalence of PTSD among those exposed to catastrophic events ranges from 3% to 58%. अलखद जाथायफोराव बैफोर नुसारनायनि गेजेराव पि.ति.एस.दि.नि सोलिथाया 3% निफ्राय 58% सिम फारियो। This is because some types of events are more traumatic than others. बेयो मानोना जाथायफोरनि माखासे रोखोमफोरा गुबुनफोरनिख्रुइ बांसिन जखम-जानाय। The risk of PTSD is higher among prisoners of war, crime victims and victims of prolonged, repeated interpersonal violence such as physical or sexual abuse and political torture. पि.ति.एस.दि.नि खैफोदा दावहानि जोबजानायफोर, दाय बोलिफोर आरो गोबाव-समनि दायफोर, जाफ्लेनाय समाजारि दाङाबाजिफोरनि गेजेराव बांसिन दिन्थि हिसाबै सावस्रियारि एबा आथोनारि गाज्रियै-बाहायनाय आरो राजखान्थियारि उदखार। Treatment modalities can be broadly categorized into psychological and pharmacological (medications) treatments. फोसाबथाय खान्थियारिफोरखौ गोसो-बिगियानारि आरो मुलै-बिगियानारि (सोखाथाय) फोसाबथायफोराव गुवारै बाहागो-रान्नो हायो। Antidepressants and mood stabilizers as well as anxiety-reducing medications can ease the symptoms of depression, flashbacks, hyper arousal and sleep problems. एन्टिदिप्रेजेन्टफोर आरो गोसो-थासारि लाबथाग्राफोर लोगोसेनो उसु-खुथु – खमायनाय सोखाथायफोरा गोसो-बायनाय, फोरमायफिननाय, बांद्राय सांग्राङारि आरो उन्दुनाय जेंनाफोरनि लैक्षोनफोरखौ थाद’होनो हायो। Together with psychotherapy including cognitive behavioural therapy, these are often offered in combination to provide an effective therapeutic intervention for each individual. रोंमोन्दांथि आखुथायारि थेराफिखौ लाफानानै साइक’थेराफिजों लोगोसे, बेफोरो साफ्रोम गावारिनो खौसेथियाव मोनसे जाउनारि थेराफिउटिक फोसाबथाय जगायनो प्राय गथायो। These treatments can restore a sense of control and diminish the power of past events over current experience. बे फोसाबथायफोरा हमथानायनि साननाय लाबोफिननो हायो आरो आथिखाल रोंमोन्दांथिनि सायाव जाखांनाय जाथायफोरनि गोहोखौ खमायो। The sooner people are treated, the more likely they are to recover from a traumatizing experience. गोख्रैसिन सुबुंफोरा सोखाजायो, बिसोरो बांसिन मोजाङै जखम-जानाय रोंमोन्दांथिनिफ्राय बोखांफिनजायो। Appropriate therapy can also help those with chronic trauma-related disorders. थोजासे थेराफियाबो बैसोर गोबावनि जाब्रबथाय-सोमोन्दोआरि गोनां थि-नङैफोरखौ हेफाजाब-होनो हायो। Give yourself permission and time to grieve. गावखौनो दुखु-खालामनो गनायथि आरो सम हो। You are suffering from a loss. नोङो गोमानायजों भुगिदों। Focus on your strengths and coping skills. नोंनि गोख्रोंथिफोर आरो हारोंथि सामलायनायाव नोजोर-हो। Redefine your priorities and focus your energy and resources on those priorities. नोंनि गिबिथिफोरखौ गोदान-बुंफोर आरो नोंनि गोहो आरो नाइबिजिरनायफोरखौ बैफोर गिबिथिफोराव नोजोर-हो। Set small realistic goals to help tackle obstacles. हेंथाफोर बोस्रांनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो फिसा थारथि थांखिफोर गायसन। Eat healthy meals and do exercise. सावस्रियारि खाजाफोर जा आरो सर्सा खालाम। This can help relieve stress. बेयो नारसिन्थायखौ खमायनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो हायो। Get enough rest to increase your reserve strength. नोंनि थाखानाय गोख्रोंथिखौ बारायनो थोजासे जिरायनाय ला। Acknowledge unresolved issues and use the hurt and pain as a motivator to make the necessary changes to heal. जोबस्राङै-जेंना बिथिंफोरखौ सिनाय आरो सोखानायाव गोनांथार सोलायनायफोर खालामनो जखम आरो सानायखौ थुलुंगाहोग्रा बादि बाहाय। 'Talking' is a healing medicine. ‘रायज्लायनाय’आ जाथोसे सोखानाय मुलि। Accept support from loved ones and friends. अनग्राफोर आरो लोगोफोरनिफ्राय हेफाजाब नाजाव। Avoid alcohol and illicit drugs. जौ आरो आयेन-बेरेखा मुलिफोरखौ नागार। These tend to give rise to more problems rather than to help. बैफोर सामलायनाया हेफाजाब-होनायनिख्रुइ बांसिन जेंनाफोर दैखांनाय। Malaria is the world's most important parasitic disease, accounting for an estimated 3 million cases and 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths annually. मेलेरियानो बुहुमनि बांसिन गोनांथार गुबुन-जाग्रायारि बेराम, बोसोरारियै 3 मिलियन जाथायफोर आरो 1.5 निफ्राय 2.7 मिलियन थैनायफोरनि साननानै मोनसे बिथांखिजादों। Many people acquire malaria during travel to tropical and subtropical countries. क्रान्टियारि आरो खाव-क्रान्टियारि हादरफोराव गोबां सुबुंफोरा मेलेरियाखौ दावबायनाय समाव नाजावो। Malaria occurs in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia, Mexico, Haiti, Central and South America, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. मेलेरियाया खाव-साहारायारि आफ्रिका, खोला आरो खोला-सानजा एसिया, मेक्सिक’, हाइटि, मिरु आरो खोला आमेरिका, पापुवा गोदान गुइनिया आरो सल’मन दिपफोरनि बांसिन बाहागोफोराव जायो। The risk of acquiring malaria for travellers depends on Specific risk behaviour, E.g. rural travel, night-time exposure, unscreened accommodation, Travel to areas with drug-resistant malaria, Time of travel (high or low transmission season). दावबायग्राफोरनि थाखाय मेलेरिया नाजावनायनि खैफोद-गोनाङा एखुथा खैफोद-गोनां आखुथाय सायाव सोनारो, जेरै गामियारि दावबायनाय, हर-सम उदाङारि, लांदाङारि थानाय-राहा, मेलेरिया मुलि-होबथाथाय गोनां ओनसोलफोराव दावबायनाय, दावबायनायनि सम (खम एबा गोबां बारस्लायथाय बोथोर)। Malaria is a disease that occurs when an infected Anopheles mosquito bites a person and injects malaria parasites into his or her blood. मेलेरियाया मासे बारदेर-होजानाय एन’फिलिस थामफैया सासे मानसिखौ अरो आरो मेलेरिया गुबुन-जाग्रायारिखौ बिनि एबा बिनि थैयाव सोयोब्ला जानाय मोनसे बेराम। Four species of malaria parasites can infect humans (Plasmodium falciparum, P.vivax, P.ovale and P.malariae). मेलेरिया गुबुन-जाग्रायारिनि मोनब्रै फोलेरफोरा सुबुंफोरनियाव बारदेरनो हायो (प्लासमदियाम फेलसिपाराम, पि. भिभेक्स, पि. अभेल आरो पि. मेलेरिया)। Plasmodium falciparum infection can result in rapid progression to life-threatening illness. प्लासमदियाम फेलसिपाराम बारदेरनाया जिउ-सिगिनाय बेरामनि गोख्रै जौगानायाव फिननो हायो। About 1 to 2% of patients infected with falciparum malaria succumb to death. प्लासमदियाम फेलसिपाराम मेलेरियाजों बारदेर-होजानाय बेरामिफोरनि प्राय 1 निफ्राय 2% आ थैनायाव खर’-गंग्लायो। Symptoms of malaria are flu-like and may include fever, chills, sweats, muscle aches, headache and sometimes vomiting and diarrhoea. मेलेरियानि लैक्षोनफोरा गुजुनाय-बादि आरो लोमजानाय, खर’सानाय, आरो माब्लाबा गोबानाय आरो दाइरियाखौ सोफानो हागौ। Patients with falciparum malaria may develop renal failure, convulsions and coma. फेलसिपाराम मेलेरिया गोनां बेरामिफोरा रिनुल फेलें, मावग्लुंनाय आरो कमा जौगाहोनो हागौ। Infections with P.vivax and P.ovale may remain dormant in the liver for many months, causing a reappearance of symptoms months or even years later. पि. भिभेक्स आरो पि. अभेलजों बारदेरनायफोरा गोबां दानफोरनि थाखाय बिखायाव खामानि-गैयै-जाना थानो हागौ, दानफोर एबा बोसोरफोर उनावबो लैक्षोनफोरनि नुजाफिनहोनाय खालामो। The period between a mosquito bite and the onset of symptoms of malaria is usually 7 to 21 days but this interval may be longer when the traveller has taken incomplete or inadequate malaria prevention measures. मासे थाम्फै अरनाय आरो मेलेरियानि लैक्षोनफोर गाग्लोबनाय गेजेरनि समफारिया सरासनस्रायै 7 निफ्राय 21 सानफोर नाथाय दावबायारिया आबुंनङै एबा थोजासे-नङै मेलेरिया होबथाथाय राहाफोर लायोब्ला बे गेजेरनि-समा गोलावसिन जानो हागौ। If a traveller develops fever during or after travel to malaria prone areas, medical help must be sought immediately to exclude malaria as a cause. दावबायारिया मेलेरिया साग्लोबनाय ओनसोलफोराव दावबायनाय समाव एबा उनाव लोमजानाय जौगायोब्ला, मेलेरिया होबथानाय मोनसे जाउन हिसाबै गोख्रैयै दाकतारारि हेफाजाब नागिरथार नांगौ। A blood sample should be checked for malaria parasites. मेलेरिया गुबुन-जाग्रायारिनि थाखाय मोनसे थै नमुनाया नायजाथार नांगौ। Travellers can protect themselves by using anti-mosquito measures and by taking drugs to prevent malaria. दावबायारिफोरा थाम्फै-हेंथा राहाफोर बाहायनानै आरो मेलेरिया होबथानाय मुलिफोर लानायजों गावसोरखौ होबथानो हायो। Any measure that reduces the exposure to the evening and nighttime feeding female Anopheles mosquito is the best way to prevent infection. मोनाब्लि आरो हराव जो एन’फिलिस थाम्फै जाहोनायाव, उदां-थानायखौ खमायनाय जायखि-जाया राहायानो सनदेरनायखौ होबथानायाव साबसिन लामा। Use mosquito net over the bed if your bedroom is not air-conditioned or screened. नोंनि उन्दुनाय-खथाया बार-सामलायथि एबा सोंथेनाय नङाब्ला बिसनानि सायाव थाम्फै मुसारि बाहाय। For additional protection, treat the mosquito net with the insecticide permethrin. दाजाबदेरारि होबथाथायनि थाखाय, थाम्फै मुसारिखौ एम्फौ-बुथारारि पारमेथ्रिनजों फोसाब। Spray permethrin or a similar insecticide or light a mosquito coil that gives out pyrethrum in the living or sleeping areas. पारमेथ्रिन एबा रोखोमसे एम्फौ-बुथारारि सार एबा थानाय एबा उन्दुनाय ओनसोलफोराव पिरेथ्राम हगारनाय मोनसे थाम्फै खद्रायखौ साव। Travellers to areas where malaria occurs should consult their doctor before departure. दावबायारिफोरा ओनसोलफोराव, जेराव मेलेरिया जायो, बिसोरनि दाक्थरखौ सहैनायनि सिगां बोसोन लानांगौ। Drugs to prevent malaria are prescribed for travellers to malaria prone areas. मेलेरिया साग्लोबनाय ओनसोलफोराव दावबायारिफोरनो मेलेरिया होबथानाय मुलिफोरखौ होफा-नांगौ। An exact itinerary is necessary to decide the degree of protection required. मोनसे थार दावबायथाया होबथाथाय गोनांथिनि बिबांखौ थिरांथिनो गोनांथार। The common drugs recommended for the prevention of malaria in travellers include Mefloquine, Doxycycline and Chloroquine. दावबायारिफोरनियाव मेलेरियानि होबथाथायनि थाखाय गनायथिनाय सरासानस्रा मुलिफोरा मेफ्ल’कुइन, दक्सिसाइक्लिन आरो क्लर’कुइन थाफायो। Strict adherence to the recommended doses and schedule of the anti-malarial drug prescribed is necessary for effective protection. गनायथिनाय फालिफोराव गोख्रों फालिनाय आरो मेलेरियारि-हेंथा मुलि बोसोनथायनि खान्थिआ फिथाय-गोनां होबथाथायनि थाखाय गोनांथार। Take the tablet at the same day each week or at the same time each day. मोनफ्रोम सप्थाहनि एखे सानाव एबा सानफ्रोमबो एखे समाव टेब्लेट जा। Take the recommended doses 1 to 2 weeks before travel (with the exception of doxycycline which is started 1 day before travel), throughout the trip and for 4 weeks after leaving the malaria prone area. दावबायनायनि सिगां 1 निफ्राय 2 सप्थाहफोरसिम (दक्सिसाइक्लिननि नाजावथायजों, जाया दावबायनाय सान 1 सिगां जागायो), गासै दावबायनाय आरो मेलेरिया साग्लोबनाय ओनसोलखौ नागारनाय उनाव 4 सप्थाहफोरनि थाखाय गनायथिनाय फालिफोरखौ जा। Do not stop the tablets after arriving home, as it is essential to complete the full dosage. नआव सफैनायनि उनाव टेब्लेटफोरखौ दा-दोन्थ’, मानोना बे आबुं फालिखौ फोजोबनो नांथारगौ। All medicines have side effects. गासै मुलिफोरहा उफेरा बिजाउनफोर दङ। Mild nausea, occasional vomiting and giddiness are not adequate reasons for stopping the anti-malarial drug. थोजासे अगाले-मोननाय, बोथोरारि गोबानाय आरो खर’गिदिंनायफोरा मेलेरियारि-हेंथा मुलिखौ होबथानायनि थाखाय थोजासे जाहोनफोर नङा। The seriousness of malaria warrants tolerating temporary side effects. मेलेरिया दाथियारिनि गोब्राबथिया दान्दिजोरारि उफेरा बिजाउनफोरखौ सहायो। However, if a serious side effect occurs, the traveller should seek medical help and stop taking the anti-malarial drug. अदेबानि, मोनसे गोब्राब उफेरा बिजाउन जायोब्ला, दावबायग्राया दाक्थारारि हेफाजाब नागिर आरो मेलेरियारि-हेंथा मुलि लानायखौ दोन्थ’-नांगौ। Psycho geriatrics is the study of the behavioural and mental problems of the elderly. गोसो-बेराम जेरियाट्रिक्सआ बैसो-गेदेरनि आखुथायारि आरो मेलेमारि जेंनाफोरनि फरायसंनाय। In older persons, physical, emotional and social changes that occur with the aging process can result in psychological problems. गेदेर सुबुंफोरनियाव, देरबोनाय बिखान्थिजों जानाय सावस्रियारि, आबेगारि आरो समाजारि सोलायनायफोरा गोसो-बिगियानारि जेंनाफोराव फिननो हायो। Depression is an emotional state characterized by exaggerated feelings of sadness, dejection and helplessness. गोसो-बायनाया दुखु, हाथासि आरो हेफाजाब-गैयैनि बांद्राय सानस्रिफोरजों आखु-दिन्थिनाय मोनसे आबेगारि थासारि। The elderly have a much higher risk of depression and suicide than the young because major losses tend to take place in the later stages of life e.g. medical illnesses, changes in physical status, and loss of income on retirement, death of parents and friends, loss of a life partner and changes in accommodation arrangements. बैसो-गेदेरहा लाइमोननिख्रुइ गोसो-बायनाय आरो गाव-थैनायनि बांसिन गोबां खैफोद-गोनां दङ, मानोना गाहाय खहाफोरा जिउनि उन थाखोफोराव जायगा लानायखौ सामलायो जेरै दाक्थारारि लोमजानायफोर, सावस्रियारि थासारिफोराव सोलायनाय आरो आजिरा-मोन्नाय, बिमा-बिफाफोर आरो लोगोफोरनि थैनायाव आयनि खहा, सासे जिउनि लोगो गोमानाय आरो थानाय-सुबिदा सामलायथायफोराव सोलायनायफोर। Many depressions are missed or thought of as normal by the family and hence undetected. गोबां गोसो-बायनायफोरा नखरजों सरासनस्रा बादि गोसो-खांजानाय एबा सानजानाय आरो बेनिखायनो हमना-मोनै। Early detection and proper treatment is crucial to prevent unnecessary suffering. सिगांग्रो हमना-मोननाय आरो नांगौ-बादि फोसाबथाया नंखाय भुगिनायखौ होबथानो गोनांथार। The common symptoms of depression include a recent change in mood, especially pessimism, gloom and loss of cheerfulness. गोसो-बायनायनि सरासनस्रा लैक्षोनफोरा गोसो-थासारियाव गोदान सोलायनाय, जर’खायै आसा-बायनाय, हाथासि, आरो मिनि-खुसिनि गोमानायखौ लाफायो। There may be poor concentration, lethargy, loss of interest in activities, a sense of guilt, changes in appetite and sleep. बेयाव खम गोसो-होथाय, थेन्थावरोम, खामानिफोराव गोसो-जानायनि खहा, गोरोन्थिनि सान्दांथि, उखैनाय आरो उन्दुनायाव सोलायनाय जानो हागौ। There are also abnormal symptoms of severe anxiety or bodily complaints. बेयाव गोब्राब उसु-खुथु एबा सावस्रियारि अजदफोरनि सरासनस्रा-नङै लैक्षोनफोरबो दङ। Sometimes, depression can also cause memory changes. माब्लाबा, गोसो-बायनाया गोसोखांथि सोलायनाय जाउनबो जानो हायो। Delirium is characterized by a sudden behavioural change, with agitation, inattention, disorientation and memory changes that fluctuate as the day progresses. बखिलाबायनाया सोमावसारनाय, गोसो-होयै, गोनो-गोथो आरो सान जौगानाय बादि लोर-सोर-जानाय गोसोखांथि सोलायनायनि हरखाब आखुवारि सोलायनायजों आखु-दिन्थिनाय। To the family, the person affected may appear episodically confused. नख’राव, गोहोम-गोग्लैनाय सुबुङा जाथायफारियै गोनो-गोथो नुजानो हागौ। The sleep-wake cycle is usually disrupted, and the fluctuations are usually more prominent in the evenings and at night. उन्दुनाय-सारिमोननाय गिदिंथाया सरासनस्रायै थाद’नाय आरो सोलाय-सोल’-जानायफोरा सरासनस्रायै मोनाबिलि आरो हराव बांसिन गोबां। Delirium requires urgent medical attention, as it is associated with higher health risks. बखिलाबायनाया गोख्रै दाक्थारारि गोसो-थिनाय नाङो, मानोना बेयो जौसिन सावस्रि खैफोद-गोनांजों सोमोन्दो-गोनां। It may be caused by infections, a minor stroke, undiagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure) etc. बे बारदेरनायफोर, मोनसे खम हुब्लिरनाय, बेराम-सिनायै एबा खमै दाइबेटिसफोर सामलायनाय, बांद्राय-सिन्था ( गोजौ थै नारसिन्थाय) बायदि बायदिनि जाउन जानो हागौ। Side effects of certain medications can sometimes cause delirium. माब्लाबा एखुथा मुलियारि-फोसाबथायफोरनि उफेरा बिजाथायफोरा बखिलाबायनायनि जाउन-जानो हायो। The person presenting with delirium for the first time often requires hospitalization in order to identify and treat the underlying cause. सेथि खेबनि थाखाय बखिलाबायनायजों नुजाथिनाय सुबुखौ सिनायथिनो आरो उननि जाउनखौ फोसाबनो प्राय फाहामसालियाव-लांनो नाङो। If left untreated, delirium may progress to dementia or death. फोसाबालासै नागारोब्ला, बखिलाबायनाया हुस-गैयै एबा थैनायाव थांनो हागौ। Dementia is a loss of cognitive (mental) abilities severe enough to affect social or occupational functioning. हुस-गैयैआ गोबांथार गाज्रि बुजिथाय (मेलेमारि) हारोंथिफोरनिफ्राय समाज एबा जिउ-राहायारि मावथायसिम गोहोमारि गोमानाय। In contrast with delirium, the symptoms of dementia occur gradually. बखिलाबायनायजों रुजुनायाव, हुस-गैयैनि लैक्षोनफोरा लासै-लासैयै जायो। The loss of cognitive abilities affects the memory, abstract thinking, problem solving, and judgement, reading, writing, drawing and speaking. बुजिथाय हारोंथिनि गोमानाया गोसोखांथि, गोसोनि साननाय, जेंना सुस्रांनाय, आरो साजायथाय, फरायनाय, लिरनाय, आखिनाय आरो बुंनायखौ गोहोम-खोख्लैयो। The elderly may experience poor short-term memory, encounter difficulties navigating in the neighbourhood and finding the right words when talking. बैसो-गेदेरा खम-सम माननि गोसोखां-हानाय, नसुंसेयारियाव दावबायनायाव गोब्राबथिफोर मोननाय आरो रायज्लायोब्ला थार सोदोबफोर नागिरनाय रोंमोन्दांथिनो हागौ। As dementia progresses, the elderly will require supervision and assistance in their activities of daily living e.g. feeding, cleaning, dressing and toilet functions. हुस-गैयैआ जौगायो हिसाबै, बैसो-गेदेरा गावसोरनि सानफ्रोम मावथायाव जिउ-खांनायनि नायगिदिंनाय आरो हेफाजाब-लानाय नांगोन जेरै जाहोनाय, फोसाबनाय, गान्नाय-जोमनाय आरो खिखर-सालि हाबाफारिफोर। Many sufferers do not have behavioural complications. गोबां भुगिग्राफोरहा आखुथायारि गुलाय-गुजायफोर गैया। However, when they do occur, behavioural complications may include repeated wandering, inappropriate social behaviour and mood swings. अदेबानि, बिसोर जायोब्ला, आखुथायारि गुलाय-गुजायफोरा गोमोहाबनाय जाफिन्नाय, गोरोबै समाजारि आखु आरो गोसो-थासारि दिन्दांनायफोरखौ लाफानो हागौ। Dementia may also cause behavioural and personality changes e.g. a paranoid suspicion that others are stealing their belongings. हुस-गैयैआ आखुथायारि आरो गावारि सोलायनायफोरनि जाउनबो जानो हागौ जेरै गुबुनफोरा बिसोरनि थानायफोरखौ खावनाय फोथायखेबस’ सन्देह। Sometimes some of the behavioural symptoms may be due to a mood disorder or a delirium. माब्लाबा माखासे आखुथायारि लैक्षोनफोरा गोसो-थासारि थि-नङै एबा बखिलाबायनायनि थाखाय जानो हागौ। These can often be treated successfully if identified early. बेफोर सिगाङै सिनाय-जायोब्ला, आबुङै प्राय सोखाजानो हायो। As the memory loss in dementia is usually gradual, families may not be aware of changes till more than six months have passed. मानोना हुस-गैयैयाव गोसोखांथि गोमानाया सरासनस्रायै लासै-लासै, नखरफोरा द-दाननिख्रुइ बांसिन बारलांनायसिम सोलायनायफोरनि सांग्रां जायाबो जानो हागौ। The two most common types of dementia are Alzheimer's disease and Vascular Dementia. हुस-गैयैनि मोननै बांसिन एखे रोखोमफोरा आलझेइमारनि बेराम आरो भासकुलार हुस-गैयै। Over 50% of dementia is due to Alzheimer's disease. हुस-गैयैनि 50% नि बांसिना आलझेइमारनि बेरामनि थाखाय। In this condition, the brain cells die off at a more rapid rate than normal, resulting in a progressive loss of cognitive function. बे थासारियाव, मेलेम खथाफोरा सरासनस्रानिख्रुइ बांसिन गोख्रै बिबाङाव थैयो, बुजिथाय हाबा-फारिनि जौगाथायारि खहायाव फिनो। Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia. भासकुलार हुस-गैयैआ, हुस-गैयैनि नैथि बांसिन एखे रोखोम। The underlying cause is due to ischaemia (reduced blood flow) or accumulated strokes in various parts of the brain. गुदि जाउना इसकामिया (थै बोहैथाय खमायनाय) एबा मेलेमनि गोबां बाहागोफोराव बुथुमथाय खारथायफोरनि थाखाय। Often, there may be a background of hypertension or diabetes mellitus, which are strong risk factors to developing vascular dementia. बेयाव प्राय बां-सिन्था एबा दाइबेटिस मेलिटासनि थाफायारि थानो हागौ, जायफोरा भासकुलार हुस-गैयैखौ जौगाहोनो गोख्रों खैफोद-गोनां जाहोनफोर। There are other less common causes of dementia. बेयाव हुस-गैयैनि गुबुन खम रोखोमसे जाउनफोर दङ। To identify the cause of dementia accurately, a full medical check is required, sometimes including a CT brain scan. हुस-गैयैनि जाउनखौ थियै सिनायथिनो, माब्लाबा मोनसे सि.टि. मेलेम स्केनखौ लाफानानै, मोनसे आबुं दाक्थारारि आनजाद-नायनायखौ नांगौ। Psychotic disorders are characterized by a disorganization of thinking that affects logic and the perception of reality. गोसो-बेरामारि थि-नङैफोरा थारथिनि जुक्टि आरो मोन्दांथि गोहोम-खोख्लैनाय साननायनि गुलाय-गुजायारि गोनां आखु-दिन्थियो। The main symptoms are hallucinations, delusions and a loss of insight. गुबै लैक्षोनफोरा खर’-थिगगैयैफोर, थगायनायफोर आरो मोन्दांथिनायनि गोमानाय। Hallucinations occur when the person perceives an object that is not there, E.g. a person may hear voices when there is no source around or may feel imaginary insects crawling on the skin. सुबुङा मोनसे मुवा, बेयो बैयाव गैयैखौ हमदाङोब्ला खर’-थिगगैयैफोरा जायो, जेरै सासे सुबुङा सोदोबफोर खोनानो हागौ, जायसमाव बेयाव सोरगिदिं जेबो फुंखा गैया एबा बिगुराव सानबोलावरियारि एम्फौफोर मानबायनाय मोन्दांनो हागौ। Delusions are fixed, false beliefs inconsistent with a person's educational and religious background. सासे सुबुंनि सोलोंथायारि आरो दोहोरोमारि थाफायारिजों थगायनायफोरा सिथाबफानाय, गोरोबलायै नंखाय फोथायनायफोर। The person may feel persecuted and fearful for his or her life, or may be deluded that the spouse is unfaithful or that they are suffering from an imaginary disease. सुबुङा गावनि एबा गावनि जिउनि थाखाय साजा-होजानाय आरो गिख्रंथाव सान्दांनो हागौ, एबा थगाय जानो हागौ दि बिसिया फोथायजायै एबा बिसोरो बै मोनसे सानबोलावरियारि बेरामजों भुगिनाय। Psychosis in old age is associated with hearing and visual impairment and social isolation. बोराय-बैसोआव मेलेमारि-थिनङैआ खोनानाय आरो नुथायारि खहा आरो समाजारि आलादाजों सोमोन्दो-गोनां। Agitation can be a problematic symptom, and concurrent depression can complicate matters. सोमावसारनाया मोनसे जेंनायारि लैक्षोन जानो हायो आरो गोरोबथाय गोसो-बायनाया जाथायफोरखौ बेले-बेजे-खालामनो हायो। Usually antipsychotic medication is prescribed at low doses. सरासनस्रायै एन्टिसाइकटिक फोसाबथायखौ खम फालिफोराव बोसोनथियो। At Changi General Hospital, we have a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary assessment and treatment programme for people above 65 years old who are experiencing psychiatric difficulties. चेन्जि जेनेरेल हस्पिटेलाव, जोंहा 65 बोसोरफोरनि सायाव सुबुंफोरनि थाखाय मोनसे साग्लोबसार, बां-आब्रुथियारि सानस्रि आरो फोसाबथाय फारिलाय दङ, जायफोरा गोसो-बेरामारि गोब्राबथिफोरखौ रोंमोन्दाङो। Each person is thoroughly assessed on their full range of physical, psychological, social and environmental factors that may be contributing to their problems. साफ्रोम सुबुंखौ बिसोरनि बै जेंनाफोराव दैदेन्थाव, बिसोरनि आबुं सावस्रि, गोसो-बिगियानारि, समाज आरो बारहावायारि जाहोनफोरनि फारियाव फारियै सानना-नायो। Our team comprises of consultant psycho geriatricians and geriatricians, psychologists, psychiatric nurses, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and social workers. जोंनि हानजाया गोसो-बेराम जेरियाट्रिसियानफोर आरो जेरियाट्रिसियानफोर, गोसो-बेराम-फाहामगिरिफोर, मेलेमारि-बेराम नार्सफोर, जिउ-राहायारि बेराम-बिगियानगिरिफोर, फिजिअथेरापिष्टफोर आरो समाजारि मावग्राफोर बोसोनगिरनि दाजानाय। Once the assessment is complete, a treatment programme is individually tailored for the patient's needs. खनसे बिजिरनाया जोबनायाव, मोनसे फोसाबथाय फारिलायखौ बेरामिफोरनि गोनांथिफोरनि थाखाय गावारियै गथायो। Wherever possible, we actively involve patients and their families in this process. जेराव जाथाव, जों गोख्रोङै बे फारि-खान्थियाव बेरामिफोर आरो बिसोरनि नखरफोरखौ बाहागो-लाहोयो। Our emphasis is on providing a caring and supportive environment, focusing on nurturing their existing strengths and skills to reach their full potential. जोंनि दाथिनाया सामलायनाय आरो हेफाजाबारि बारहावा जगायनायनि सायाव, बिसोरनि आबुं हाथावखौ सहैनो बिसोरनि थाखानाय गोहोफोर आरो रोंगौथिफोर जौगाहोनायाव नोजोरथिनाय। Treatment options include Individual psychotherapy, Family counselling, Medication Skill development, Sensory stimulation, Relaxation and exercise therapy. फोसाबथाय सायखथायफोरा गावारि साइक’थेराफि, नखर बोसोनथिनाय, मुलि-जाहोनाय रोंगौथि जौगाथाय, मोन्दांथियारि जाखां-होनाय, जिरायथाय आरो फोसाबथाय सरसाखौ लाफायो। Many mental disorders in the elderly can be treated successfully. गैसो-गोरायाव गोबां मेलेमारि थि-नङैफोरखौ जाफुंसारनायै फोसाबनो हायो। Appropriate intervention can make a difference in reducing distress and improving quality of life. नांगौ-बादि फोसाबथाया अल’खद खमायनाय आरो जिउनि गुन जौगाहोनायाव मोनसे जुदाथि खालामनो हायो। CGH offers both inpatient and outpatient psycho geriatric services. सि.जि.आइस.आ जेरेट्रिक गोसो-बेराम फाहामसालियारि-बेरामि आरो बायजो-फाहामसालि-बेरामि खामानिफोर मोन्नैखौबो होयो। A Geriatric Centre is also available for patients. मोनसे जेरेट्रिक मिरुखौबो बेरामिफोरनि थाखाय मोन्थाव। This is an ultrasound examination of the prostate gland. बेयो आथोन-ग्रन्थि ग्लेन्दनि मोनसे रिंखांद्राय-सोदोब नायसोमनाय। The test is performed if your doctor suspects you have a prostate cancer. नोंनि दाक्थारा नोंनियाव आथोन-ग्रन्थि केन्सारनि सन्देह खालामोब्ला, आनजाद-लानायखौ खालामो। Prostate cancer is suspected when your prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test is above 4ng/ml or your doctor has found a suspicious nodule in your prostate gland upon digital rectal examination. नोंनि आथोन-ग्रन्थि एखुथा एन्टिजेन (पि.एस.ए.) थै आनजाद-नायनाया 4 एन.जि. /मि.लि. जायो एबा नोंनि दाक्थारा दिजिटेल खिलामा नायसोमनायनि सायाव नोंनि आथोन-ग्रन्थि ग्लेन्दाव मोनसे सन्देहआरि गान्थि मोनोब्ला आथोन-ग्रन्थि केन्सारखौ सन्देह खालामो। Trans rectal ultrasound (TRUS) usually takes 15 to 20 minutes. सरासनस्रायै ट्रेन्स खिलामा रिंखांद्राय-सोदोब (ति.आर.इउ.एस.) आ 15 निफ्राय 20 मिनिटफोर लायो। It allows your doctor to view your prostate using a special ultrasound probe and take sample tissues from several parts of your prostate to examine for the presence of cancer. बेयो नोंनि दाक्थारखौ मोनसे जर’खा रिंखांद्राय-सोदोबारि नायसोम बाहायनानै नोंनि आथोन-ग्रन्थि नायनो आरो नोंनि आथोन-ग्रन्थिनि गुबुन गुबुन बाहागोफोरनिफ्राय केन्सारनि थाथायनि थाखाय नायसोमनो मोदोम-बेजेफोर बिदिन्थि लानो गनायथि-होयो। Trans rectal ultrasound is essentially a painless procedure and is performed as a day surgery case. गोनांथारै ट्रेन्स खिलामा रिंखांद्राय-सोदोबा मोनसे सानाय-गैयै मावखान्थि आरो सान सारजेरि जाथाय हिसाबै बाहागो-लायो। There is no special preparation for this test. बे आनजादनि थाखाय बेयाव जर’खा थियारि गैया। If you suffer from constipation, a laxative or enema may be needed to clear the faeces from your rectum नों खि-गोरा-जानायजों भुगियोब्ला, नोंनि खिलामानिफ्राय खिफोरखौ फोसाबनो मोनसे लेक्सेटिफ एबा इनिमा नांनो हागौ। If you are on anticoagulants, such as aspirin or warfarin, stop these medications seven days before the procedure to reduce the chances of bleeding. नों एन्टिकुवागुलान्ट, दिन्थि हिसाबै एसपिरिन एबा वारफारिन बाहायदोंब्ला, बे थै-गनायनि सोलायनायखौ खमायनो, मुलि-बाहायथायखौ मावखान्थिनि स्नि सानफोर सिगां बन्द’-खालाम। A dose of sedation and antibiotics will be given if a biopsy (a tissue from the prostate that is sent for examination) is required. मोनसे बाय’पसि ( आथोन-ग्रन्थिनिफ्राय मोनसे मोदोम-बेजे बेखौ आनजादनि थाखाय हरनाय) खौ नांगौब्ला, सेदासन आरो एन्टिबाय’टिकफोरनि मोनसे फालिखौ होनाय जागोन। Patients are asked to lie on their side for this test, with their knees flexed at the chest. बेरामिफोरा बिसोरनि आन्थुफोरखौ जेरबायाव फदमनानै बे आन्जादनि थाखाय बिसोरनि फारसे गोलांनो खावलायजायो। This position facilitates insertion of the rectal ultrasound probe. बे थाथाया खिलामायारि रिंखांद्राय-सोदोब प्रबनि सोनाय खाबु-होयो। The probe is lubricated first and will be gently inserted into your rectum. प्रबआ गिबियाव फिस्ला-खालामजायो आरो माहियै नोंनि खिलामा सिङाव सोजागोन। This probe emits sound waves that are sent to a computer in the ultrasound machine. बे प्रबआ रिंखांद्राय-सोदोब दाजेमाव गंसे सानजुथिसिम दैथायहरनाय सोदोब दोहौखौ सोलोंफायो। A black and white picture of your prostate will appear on the TV monitor. नोंनि आथोन-ग्रन्थिनि मोनसे गोसोम आरो गुफुर सावगारिया ति.भि मनितराव नुजागोन। The probe has a small tube at its side, which allows your doctor to take a biopsy of the prostate. प्रबहा बेनि फारसे मोनसे फिसा नोलि दं, जाय नोंनि दाकथारखौ आथोन-ग्रन्थिनि मोनसे जिबख्रि-आनजाद लानो होयो। You may feel a sharp, quick jab as the needle passes through the wall of the rectum and into the prostate where a small amount of tissue is extracted. बिजिया जै खिलामानि इनजुर गेजेरजों आरो आथोन-ग्रन्थियाव हाबो जेराव इसे बिबांनि जिबख्रिफोरा दिहुनजायो नों गोफार, गोख्रै थुनाय मोनदांनो हागौ। The pain is minimal and usually subsides by the time the procedure is completed. सानाया खमथार आरो सरासनस्रायै फारि-खान्थिया जोबनाय समजों खमायलाङो। As many as six or eight biopsies may be required to optimize the chances of detecting and accurately establishing the stage of a cancer. केनसारनि थाखोखौ संनो आरो थियै गायसननायनि खाबु आसा-खालामनो खन द’ एबा डाइन जिबख्रि-आनजादफोरनि सेबां गोनां-जानो हागौ। It is very common to have some blood in the urine or faeces or sperm at the time of ejaculation. बिर्य-गलांनाय समाव हासुदै एबा खि एबा बिर्यआव इसे थै मोननाया जोबोर सरासनस्रा। These symptoms usually subside over time. बेफोर लैखोनफोरा समाव सरासनस्रायै खमायलाङो। You are advised to drink extra fluids for the first one or two days. नों गिबि खेब एबा नै सानफोरनि थाखाय उफेरा लाव-मुवा लोंनो बोसोन-होजायो। After the biopsy, you may experience a burning sensation on urination. जिबख्रि-आनजादनि उनाव, हासुनायाव नों खामनाय मोनदांथि रोंमोनदांनो हागौ। Painkillers, such as Panadol, can ease these discomforts. सानाय-होखारग्रा, जेरै बादि पेनादला बेफोर साबजायिखौ होखारनो हायो। You may experience difficulty in urination after the biopsy due to swelling of the prostate gland after the biopsy. जिबख्रि-आनजादनि उनाव आथोन-ग्रन्थि ग्लेण्डनि बुदबनायनि जाहोनाव जिबख्रि-आनजादनि उनाव हासुनायाव नों गोब्राबथि रोंमोनदांनो हागौ। A urinary catheter may be inserted to drain the urine. मोनसे हासुदैयारि नोलिया हासुदैखौ बोहैहोनो सोजानो हागौ। If you experience persistent problem in urination, an indwelling catheter is inserted and you will be hospitalized. नों हासुनायाव नांथाबबाय-थाग्रा जेंना रोंमोनदांथियोब्ला, मोनसे थाखानाय नांथाबबाय-थाग्राखौ सोहरनाय जायो आरो नों देहा-फाहामजानो हागौ। It surrounds the urethra at the base of the bladder. बेयो ब्लाडारनि बिथायाव हासुदै-नालाखौ बेंखनो। The urethra is the passage that carries urine from the bladder to the end of the penis. हासुदै-नालाया लामा जाय ब्लाडारनिफ्राय लोदैनि जोबथासिम हासुदैखौ रोगायो। The prostate produces fluid for nourishment of sperms. आथोन-ग्रन्थिया बिर्यनि जाहोनायनि थाखाय लाव-मुवा दिहुनो। The prostate tends to enlarge as a person ages. आथोन-ग्रन्थिया सुबुंनि बैसोफोर बादियै देरलांनो नाजायो। This enlargement is usually benign, but malignancy (cancer) can occur. देरलांनाया सरासनस्रायै मुलाम्फा-गोनां, नाथाय खैफोद-गोनां (केनसार) नुजानो हायो। An enlarged prostate gland tends to narrow the passage of the urethra and obstructs urine flow. मोनसे देरनाय आथोन-ग्रन्थि ग्लेण्डआ हासुदै-नालानि लामाखौ फुसेबनो नाजायो आरो हासुदै बोहैनायखौ होबथायो। If the obstruction is not relieved, retention of urine results. होबथानाया हगारजायाब्ला हासुदैनि लाखिनाय सोमजियो। This leads to urinary tract infection, bladder stone and sudden inability to pass urine. बेयो हासुदैयारि लामा सनदेरनाय, ब्लादार अन्थाय आरो हासुदै हगारनो हरखाब हायि सोमजिहोयो। This inability to pass urine is a painful condition that requires a doctor to insert a rubber tube (catheter) into the bladder. बे हासुदै हगारनो हायिया सानाय-गोनां थासारि जाय ब्लादाराव मोनसे लबर नोलि (हासुदै-नाला) सोहरनो सासे दाकथार गोनां-जायो। You will need to be hospitalized to relieve the blockage of the bladder by surgery. नोंहा ब्लादारनि होथेनायखौ सारजारिजों रैखाथिनो देहा-फाहामजानो गोनां जागोन। You may be having an enlarged prostate if you are experiencing difficulty passing urine, incomplete bladder emptying, dribbling, and frequent urination especially during the night. नों मोनसे देरनाय आथोन-ग्रन्थि मोननो हागौ जुदि नों हासुदै हगारनायाव गोब्राबथि, आबुं-नङि ब्लाडार लांदां-खालामनाय, थरथिंनाय, आरो जर’खायै हर समाव गले-गले हासुनाय रोंमोनदांथिगासिनो दं। See a doctor if the symptoms persist or worsen. सासे दाकथारखौ नाय जुदि लैखोनफोरा सोलिबाय-थायो एबा गाज्रिसिन-जायो। There are medications available to relieve these symptoms but they do not necessarily prevent your prostate problem from getting worse. बेफोर लैखोनफोरखौ रैखा-मोन्नो गोबां मुलै-होथायफोर दं नाथाय बेफोर नोंनि आथोन-ग्रन्थिखौ गाज्रिसिन जानायनिफ्राय नांगौ-बादियै होबथाया। As urine flows through the urethra is reduced, greater pressure is required to empty the bladder. हासुदै-नोलिजों हासुदै बोहैथायफोरा खमायजायो हिसाबै ब्लाडारखौ लांदां-खालामनो बांसिन नारथाय गोनां-जायो। This will eventually lead to an overstretched bladder, kidney failure, and acute retention of urine. बेयो जोबथियाव बां-अरनाय ब्लाडार, किडनि गाज्रि-जानाय, आरो हासुदैनि गोब्राब दोनथुमनाय सोमजिहोगोन। Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is done with a specially designed instrument that is passed through the urethra. त्रेनसुरेथ्रेल रिसेक्सन अफ दि प्रस्तेत (ति.इउ.आर.पि.) खौ मोनसे जर’खायै महर-होनाय आगजुजों मावनाय जायो जाय हासुदै-नोलि गेजेरजों हगारजायो। There is no incision on the skin. बिगुराव जेबो दोलानाय गैया। During the surgery, part of the enlarged prostate will be removed. सारजारिनि गेजेराव, अरनाय आथोन-ग्रन्थिनि बाहागोआ बोखारजागोन। This is like removing the flesh of the orange. बेयो खमलानि मोदोमखौ बोखारनाय बादि। Like the orange peel, the capsule of the prostate will remain after the surgery. खमला लेमनाय बादि, सारजारिनि उनाव आथोन-ग्रन्थिनि केपसुलआ थागोन। Thus, the operation does not remove the entire prostate but enough tissue to provide a good channel for the passage of urine. बिदिनो, अस्त्र-सिकितसाया गासै आथोन-ग्रन्थिखौ बोखारा नाथाय हासुदै हगारनायनि थाखाय मोनसे मोजां नोलि जगायनो थोजासे बिदाम बोखारगोन। The operation takes less than one hour. अस्त्र-सिकितसाया से घन्तानिख्रुय खमसिन लायो। Erection is not affected but there will be less fluid ejaculated. थिंगायनाया गोहोम-खोख्लैजाया नाथाय बिहाय खम लाव-मुवा बिर्य-गनाय जागोन। This is because the spermatic fluid goes into your bladder due to the large channel created. बेयो मानोना गेदेर नोलि सोरजिजानायनि जाहोनाव नोंनि ब्लाडाराव बिर्यआरि लाव-मुवाया थाङो। Spinal anaesthesia is used for the surgery. स्पिनेल एनास्थेसियाखौ सारजारिनि थाखाय बाहायनाय जायो। During a TURP, the enlarged prostate is scraped to increase the size of the channel. ति.इउ.आर.पि. नि समाव, अरनाय आथोन-ग्रन्थिया नोलिनि महरखौ बांहोनो खुरख्लाबफ्लेजायो। You will feel no pain during the procedure. फारि-खान्थिनि समाव नों जेबो सानाय मोननाय-नङा। Even after the anaesthesia wears off the discomfort is very minimal. एनास्थेसियानि उनावबो खाबजायिखौ खमायनाया जोबोर खम। A large catheter is inserted into the bladder after the surgery to prevent blood clots from forming in the bladder. सारजारिनि उनाव ब्लाडाराव थै लाद्राफोर सोरजिनायनिफ्राय होबथानो ब्लाडाराव मोनसे गेदेर नोलिया सोजायो। Pieces of prostate tissues are flushed out. आथोन-ग्रन्थि बिदामफोरनि दखरफोरा सुस्रांजायो। Your urologist will explain to you the need for TURP and the potential complications of the procedure. नोंनि इउरलजिस्तआ ति.इउ.आर.पि. आरो फारि-खान्थिनि जाथाव-गुनारि फोजोबथायनि थाखाय गोनांथिखौ नोंनो बुंफोरगोन। Inform the doctor if you have any drug allergies or if you are taking aspirin and other blood thinning agents. नोंहा जायखि-जाया द्राग मानलुनायफोर दंबोला एबा नों एस्पिरिन आरो गुबुन थै खमायनाय थानदैफोर आजावगासिनो दंब्ला नोंनि दाकथारखौ खौरां-हो। Bring along all prescriptions and over-the-counter medicines you are presently taking. गासै बिथोन-लायफोर आरो नों दासान्दि आजावबाय-थानाय बिथोनलाय-गैयि मुलैफोरखौ लोगोसे लाबो। Remember to bring along your Admission Form given to you during the pre-admission session at the Specialist Clinic. रोंगौसा क्लिनिकाव आगु-मुंथिसननाय बुब्लिनि समाव नोंनो होनाय नोंनि मुं-थिसननाय बिलायखौ लोगोसे लाबोनो गोसोखां। Below is the treatment plan for you if you are admitted for TURP. नों ति.इउ.आर.पि नि थाखाय मुं-थिसनजायोब्ला गाहायनिया नोंनि थाखाय सिकितसा बिथांखि। At the Specialist Clinic Your doctor will ask you for your medical history and explain to you the nature of your operation as well as its complications. रोंगौसा क्लिनिकाव नोंनि दाकथारा नोंनि देहा-फाहामसालि जारिमिननि थाखाय नोंखौ सोंगोन आरो नोंनि अस्त्र-सिकितसा लोगोसे बेनि फोजोबथायफोरनि आखुखौ नोंनो बुंफोरगोन। Blood may be taken from you for tests to ensure that you are in good health and fit for the surgery. थैया आनजादनि थाखाय नोंनिफ्राय लांजानो हागौ, रोखा-खालामनो दि नों मोजां सावस्रियाव दं आरो सारजारिनि थाखाय आरजाथाव। The nurse will check your weight, temperature, pulse, respiration rate and blood pressure. नार्सआ नोंनि गिलिरथि, बिदुं, मैखुन-मावथाय, हां-लानाय हार आरो थै नारथायखौ नायसंगोन। Your doctor will ask for your medical history and examine you. नोंनि दाकथारा नोंखौ नोंनि देहा-फाहामसालि जारिमिननि थाखाय सोंगोन आरो नोंखौ आनजाद नायगोन। He / she will again explain to you the nature of your operation, its complications and obtain your consent for the operation. बियो/बियो नोंनि अस्त्र-सिकितसा, बेनि फोजोबथायफोरखौ नोंनि फिन बुंफोरगोन आरो अस्त्र-सिकितसानि थाखाय नोंनि रोखा-गनायथिखौ लागोन। The anaesthetist will assess your fitness for surgery. एनास्थेतिस्तआ सारजारिनि थाखाय नोंनि आरजाथायखौ सुगोन। Blood may be taken (if this has not been done in the clinic) to ensure that you are fit for surgery. थैया रोखा-खालामजानो लाजानो हागौदि (बेयो क्लिनिकाव मावजाया) नों सारजारिनि थाखाय आरजाथाव। The operating theatre nurse will check your name and particulars. अपारेसन थियेतार नार्सआ नोंनि मुं आरो मुवा-बेसादफोरखौ नायसंगोन। Some men may experience urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence but this will settle by the third month after surgery. माखासे मानसिफोरा हासुदैयारि गले-गलेथा, गोनांथारथि आरो दबथाय-हायि रोंमोनदांथिनो हागौ नाथाय बेयो सारजारिनि थाम दान उनाव थि जागोन। Avoid lifting heavy things or exertion for 3 to 4 weeks because excessive force can cause bleeding. गिलिर मुवाफोर एबा 3 निफ्राय 4 हाबथासिमनि थाखाय बोलो-होनायखौ नेवसि मानोना बांद्राय बोलोआ थै-गनाय सोमजिहोनो हायो। If there is blood in your urine, lie down and relax. नोंनि हासुदैयाव थै दंब्ला, गोलां आरो जिराय। Drink 1 to 2 glasses of fluid as soon as possible. जेसे गोख्रै जाथाव एसे गोख्रै 1 निफ्राय 2 गिलासफोरसिम लाव-मुवा लों। The next time you pass your urine, the bleeding should have stopped. उननि समाव नों नोंनि हासुदैखौ हगार, थै-गनाया बनद’-जानांगौमोन। Call your urologist or come to the emergency department if the bleeding continues. नोंनि इउरलजिस्तखौ लिंहर एबा थै-बोहैनाया सोलिबायथायोब्ला इमारजेन्सि बिफानाव फै। You may experience frequent urination, urgency and incontinence. नों गले-गले हासुनाय, गोनांथि आरो हमथानो-हायि रोंमोनदांथिनो हागौ। You should abstain from sexual activity for one month after the surgery. सारजारिनि उनाव दान मोनसेनि थाखाय नों आथोनारि मावथायनिफ्राय जानगारना थानांगौ। Eat lots of fruits and high fibre food to avoid constipation. खि-गोरा-जानायखौ नेवसिनो गोबां फिथाइफोर आरो बां बेजे खाजा जा। Take laxatives if you still do not move your bowels after 3 days. 3 सानफोरनि उनाव नों दासिमबो नोंनि खुरैफोरखौ बोथ्रोदाखौब्ला जुलाब नाजाव। If you were taking aspirin before the operation, you can resume it after a week, provided your urine is not heavily bloodstained. अस्त्र-सिकितसानि आगोल जुदि नों एस्पिरिन लागासिनो दंमोन, नों बेखौ नोंनि हासुदैया गोबाङै थै-गहोजायि जगायनाय हाबथा मोनसेनि उनाव सोलिहोफिननो हायो। There is no known way to prevent an enlarged prostate as it is part of the process of aging. मोनसे अरनाय आथोन-ग्रन्थिखौ बेयो बैसो-जानायनि फारि-खान्थिनि बाहागो हिसाबै होबथानो जेबो मिथिनाय लामा गैया। Any operation or anaesthetic carries a risk. जायखि-जाया अस्त्र-सिकितसा एबा एनास्थेतिकआ मोनसे गिनो-गोनां लाबोयो। However, the gains from a TURP exceed the risks. थेवबो, ति.इउ.आर.पि निफ्राय आरजिथायफोरा गिनो-गोनांफोरखौ बांहोयो। If you have had significant illness or medical problems in the past, your risk will be higher and your doctor may discuss alternative treatment for your prostate problem. नों गोदोआव गोख्रों लोमजानाय एबा मेडिकेल जेंनाफोर मोनदोंमोनब्ला, नोंनि गिनो-गोनाङा बांसिन जागोन आरो नोंनि दाकथारा नोंनि आथोन-ग्रन्थि जेंनानि थाखाय सोलाय-सोल’ सिकितसा रायज्लायनो हागौ। The syndrome is caused by the absorption of the irrigation fluid into the body. बेराम-लैखोना देहायाव जगायनाय लाव-मुवानि सोबखांनायजों सोमजिहोजायो। The symptoms of TUR syndrome include mental confusion, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, slow heartbeat and visual disturbances. ति.इउ.आर.पि बेराम-लैखोननि लैखोनफोरा गोसोआरि गोनो-गोथो, गोबाल’नाय, गोबानाय, गोजौ थै नारथाय, लासै मैखुन-मावथाय आरो नुथायारि दिगदार-मोननायखौ लाफायो। TUR syndrome is treated with medication that removes this excess water from the body. ति.इउ.आर. लैखोनआ मुलै-होनायजों जोथोन-लाजायो जाय देहानिफ्राय बे बांद्राय दैखौ बोखारो। Incontinence due to damage to the external sphincter (the muscle to keep your urethra closed) is rare. बाहेरा स्पिनतार (नोंनि हासुदै-नोलिखौ खोबथेनाय लाखिनो मोदोम-गेहेन) सिम गाज्रि-जानायनि जाहोनाव दबथायहायिया आगोमा। It is more commonly due to a pre-existent overactive bladder. बेयो बांसिन सरासनस्रायै आगु-थाखानाय बांद्राय-मावथि ब्लाडारनि थाखाय। Your doctor will prescribe medication if this bladder condition is present. बे ब्लादार थासारिया निजाथियोब्ला नोंनि दाकथारा मुलै-जानाय बिथोनगोन। Recurrence is possible and is due to re growth of the prostate gland. जाफिननाया जाथाव आरो बेयो आथोन-ग्रन्थि ग्लेण्डनि फिन जौगानायनि थाखाय। An enlarged prostate is usually a benign condition and does not lead to cancer. मोनसे अरनाय आथोन-ग्रन्थिया सरासनस्रायै मोनसे मुलाम्फा-गोनां थासारि आरो केनसार सोमजिहोआ। The prostate tissue that is removed is always checked for cancer. बोखारजानाय आथोन-ग्रन्थिया जेब्लाबो केनसारनि थाखाय संजायो। In some, rare cases, it can also be transmitted through direct contact with someone who is infected. माखासे आगोमा बिथिङाव, बेयो जायखि-जायाजों जाय सनदेरजाग्रा, थोंजों सोमोनदोनि गेजेरजोंबो बारस्लायहोजानो हायो। This is because the virus will be present in the saliva of an infected person so contact, such as kissing may help spread the infection. बेयो मानोना सासे सनदेरजानाय सुबुंनि खुदैयाव भाइरासा नुजाथिगोन, बिदि सोमोनदो, जेरैबादि खुदुमनाया सनदेरनायखौ गोसारहोनो हागौ। Once the polio virus enters your body, it begins to multiply in your throat and intestines. नोंनि देहायाव खनसे पलिय’ भाइरास हाब्ला, बेयो नोंनि गोदोना आरो बिबुफोराव सानजाबनो जागायो। It then travels to your central nervous system through your blood. बेयो अब्ला नोंनि देहानि गेजेरजों मिरु स्नायु बिखान्थिसि दावबायो। In rare cases, as the virus moves along your nervous system, it may damage your nerve cells. खम बिथिंफोराव, नोंनि स्नायु बिखान्थिजों लोगोसे भाइरासा दोरोदो हिसाबै बेयो नोंनि रोदा-बेजे सेलफोरखौ गाज्रि-खालामनो हागौ। People infected with the polio virus are most contagious 7-10 days before, and after, their symptoms appear. पलिय’ भाइरासजों सनदेरजानाय सुबुंफोरा 7-10 सानफोर आगोल जोबोर सनदेरजाथाव, आरो उनाव बिफोरनि लैखोनफोरा नुजायो। However, they can spread the virus for up to six weeks in their faeces. थेउबो, बेफोर बिफोरनि मैलाफोराव द’ हाबथाफोरसिमनि थाखाय भाइरास गोसारहोनो हायो। There are more than two hundred different viruses that can cause a cold. बेहाय नै जौनिख्रुय बांसिन गुबुन-गुबुन भाइरासफोर दं जाय गगा-मोननाय सोमजिहोनो हायो। The most common belong to one of two groups - the rhinoviruses and coronaviruses. जोबोद सरासनस्राया मोननै हानजा– राइनभाइरासफोर आरो करनेभाइरासफोरनि मोनसेनि। The number of different viruses that can cause a cold is the reason why it is possible to have several colds, one after the other - each one caused by a different virus. गुबुन-गुबुन भाइरासफोरनि अनजिमाया जाय गगा-मोननाय सोमजिहोनो हानायनि जाहोना मानो, बायदि-रोखोम गगा-मोननाया जाथाव, मोनसेनि उनाव मोनसे – मोनफ्रोमबो गुबुन-गुबुन भाइरासजों सोमजिहोजायो। The viruses that cause a cold attack the lining of the nose and throat, making these areas become inflamed. गगा-मोननाय सोमजिहोनाय भाइरासफोरा गनथं आरो गोदोनानि थोरफोखौ, बेफोर ओनसोलफोरखौ खामग्लाबनाय जानाय खालामनानै गाग्लोबो। As they become inflamed they begin producing more mucus, resulting in a runny nose and sneezing. जै बेफोर खामग्लाबनाय जायो बेफोर गनथङाव गुंग्राय-बोहैनाय आरो हाससिवनाय सोमजिहोनानै गोबां बिज्लाब दिहुननो जागायो। Colds can be spread in several ways. गगा-मोननाया गोबां राहाफोरजों गोसार-होजानो हायो। If you have a cold and you sneeze, cough or speak, tiny droplets of fluid containing the cold virus are launched into the air. नोंहा जुदि गगा-मोननाय दं आरो नों हाससिवो, गुजुयो एबा बुङो गगा-मोननाय थाफानाय लाव-मुवानि फिसा थरथिंफोरा बाराव हगारजायो। If these are breathed in by someone else then they may become infected. जुदि बेफोर सोरबा गुबुनजों हांबोजायो अब्ल बिसोर बारदेरजानो हागौ। Colds can also spread through direct and indirect contact. गगा-मोननाया थोंजों एबा खेंसालिया सोमोनदोनि गेजेरजोंबो गोसारनो हायो। If you have a cold and you touch your nose or eyes and then touch someone else, you may pass the virus on to them. नोंहा गगा-मोननाय दंब्ला आरो नों नोंनि गनथं एबा मेगनफोरखौ दाङो आरो बेनि-उनाव गुबुन सोरखौबा दाङो, नों बिसोरनियाव भाइरासखौ बारहोनो हागौ। Alternatively, if you touch an object such as a door handle or telephone, the virus may be transferred to the object. सोलाय-सोल’यै, नों मोनसे मुवा दाङोब्ला जेरैबादि दरजानि आगा एबा तेलिफन, भाइरासा मुवायाव बारस्लायनो हागौ। If someone touches the object a short time later and then touches their mouth, nose or eyes, they may become infected. जुदि सोरबा-सासेया इसे सम उनाव मुवाखौ दाङो आरो बेनि-उनाव बिसोरनि खुगा, गनथं एबा मेगनफोरखौ दाङो, बिसोर बारदेरजानाय जानो हागौ। Although more than 200 viruses can cause a common cold, the rhinovirus is the most common culprit, and it's highly contagious. जदिय’ 200 निख्रुय बारा भाइरासफोरा सरासनस्रा गगा-मोननाय सोमजिहोनो हायो, राइनभाइरासआ जोबोर सरासनस्रा दायनिगिरि, आरो बेयो जोबोरै बारदेरग्रा। A cold virus enters your body through your mouth or nose, but it's likely you also had a "hand" in your own illness. मोनसे गुसु भाइरासा नोंनि देहायाव नोंनि खुगा एबा गन्थंनि गेजेरजों हाबो, नाथाय बेयो नोंहाबो नोंनि लोमजानायाव गावनि “आखाय” दंमोन बादि। The virus can spread through droplets in the air when someone who is sick coughs, sneezes or talks. बे भाइरासा बाराव थरथिंफोरनि गेजेरजों गोसारनो हायो जेब्ला सोरबा-सासेया जाय गुजुनायफोर, हासिवनायफोरनि बेरामि एबा रायज्लायो। But it also spreads by hand-to-hand contact with someone who has a cold or by using shared objects, such as utensils, towels, toys or telephones. नाथाय बेयो जायहा गगा-मोननाय दं, सोरबा-सासेजों आखायजों-आखाय सोमोनदो एबा नाजावलायनाय मुवा बाहायनायजोंबो गोसारो जेरै बादि दो-दोख्लाफोर, तावेलफोर, मुसुखाफोर एबा तेलिफनफोर। Touch your eyes, nose or mouth after such contact or exposure, and you're likely to "catch" a cold. बिदि सोमोनदो एबा उदां-खालामनायनि उनाव नोंनि मेगनफोर, गनथंफोर एबा खुगाखौ दां, आरो नों गगा-मोननायजों हमजाथाव। The common cold is spread mostly by hand-to-hand contact. सरासनस्रा गगा-मोननाया बांसिनै आखायजों-आखाय सोमोनदोजों गोसारो। For example, a person with a cold blows or touches his or her nose and then touches someone else who then becomes infected with the virus. बिदिन्थि महरै, गगा-मोननाय गोनां सासे सुबुङा बिनि एबा बिनि गनथङाव सुफुङो एबा दङो आरो बेनि-उनाव सोरबा-सासे गुबुनखौ दाङो जाय अब्ला भाइरासजों बारदेरजानाय जायो। Additionally, the cold virus can live on objects such as pens, books, and coffee cups for several hours and can be acquired from such objects. उफेरायै, गगा-मोननाय भाइरासा मुवाफोर जेरै बादि फालथंफोरफोर, बिजाबफोर, गोबां घनताफोरनि थाखाय कफि कापफोराव जिव-खुंनो हायो आरो बिदि मुवाफोरनिफ्राय आजावजानो हागौ। While common sense would suggest that coughing and sneezing spread the common cold, these are actually very poor mechanisms for spreading a cold. जेब्ला सरासनस्रा मोनदांथिया बोसोन-होगोन दि गुजुनाय आरो हाससिउनाया सरासनस्रा गगामोननायखौ गोसारहोयो, बेफोरो गगामोननाय गोसारहोनायनि थाखाय थारैनो जोबोर गोरिब आरोंदाथाय। Pulmonary tuberculosis (which affects your lungs) is caught from an infectious person by breathing in tubercle bacilli germs when they cough or sneeze. पालमनारि तिउबारकुलसिसा (जाय नोंनि संफ्लफोरखौ गोहोम-खोख्लैयो) सासे सनदेरजानाय सुबुंनिफ्राय सालमाय बेसिलि बिजानुआव हां-लानायजों हमजायो जेब्ला बिसोर गुजुयो एबा हाससिवो। However, tuberculosis is not easy to catch, and you need to be in close contact with an infectious person for a prolonged period of time to be at risk. होमब्लाबो तिउबारकुलसिसा हमनो गोरलै नङा, आरो गिथावना जानो समनि गोलाव समफारिनि थाखाय सासे सनदेरजानय सुबुंजों नों खाथि सोमोनदोआव जानो नाङो। The TB germ has a thick capsule, and can survive dry and usually hostile conditions (although it is killed by UV light, for example, sunlight). ति बि बिजानुहा मोनसे रोजा केपसुल दं, आरो गोरान आरो सरासनस्रायै सुथा-लानाय थासारिफोराव थांनो हायो (जदिय’ बेयो इउ भि सोरांजों सिथारजायो, बिदिनथि बादियै, सान-सोरां)। In countries where unpasteurised milk is drunk, TB may be transmitted in infected milk from cows with bovine tuberculosis. हादोरफोर जेराव जिवसा-फोथैयि गायखेरफोरा लोंजायो, ति बि या सनदेरजानाय गायखेराव बभाइन तिउबारकुलसिस गोनां मोसौ-गायनिफ्राय बारस्लायहोजानो हागौ। Typhoid bacteria are released in the urine and stools of infected people. ताइफयेद बेक्तेरियाफोरा सनदेरजानाय सुबुंनि हासुदै आरो खियाव हगारजायो। If an infected person does not wash their hands properly before handling food, the disease may be spread to anyone who eats the food. सनदेरजानाय सुबुङा खाजा दांनायनि आगोल बिसोरनि आखायफोरखौ मोजाङै सुवाब्ला, बेरामा जायखि-जायानियाव गोसारनो हागौ जाय खाजाखौ जायो। Once ingested (taken into your body), the bacteria multiply in your blood stream, causing the first signs of disease in the form of fever. खनसे आजावजायोब्ला, (नोंनि देहायाव लाजायो), बेक्तेरियाया नोंनि थै रोदायाव लोमजानायनि महराव बेरामनि गिबि नेरसोनफोर सोमजिहोनानै सानजाबो। The bacterium is then absorbed into your digestive tract, bone marrow, liver and bile ducts. बेक्तेरियामा बेनि-उनाव नोंनि हजम-गोनां नोलि, बेगें मगजु, बिखा आरो बिख्लो नोलियाव सोबखांजायो। In the second stage of the infection, the bacterium enters the small intestine causing violent diarrhoea symptoms to begin. सनदेरनायनि नैथि थाखोआव, बेक्तेरियामा गोख्रों खिसावनाय लैखोनफोर जागायनाय सोमजिहोनानै फिसा बिबुवाव हाबो। The typhoid bacterium can survive refrigeration, freezing and drying so ensuring high standards of food hygiene and personal hygiene is paramount. ताइफयेद बेकतेरियामा सुहोनाय, फ्रिजाव-दोननाय आरो फोराननायखौ थांना-थानो हायो बेखायनो सावस्रि-गोनां खाजानि जौगा मानथायफोर आरो गावारि सावस्रि-गोनांखौ रोखा-खालामनाया साबसिन। Water supplies are often infected and even ice can transmit the disease. दै जगायथायफोरा प्राय सनदेरनाय आरो बरफाबो बेरामखौ बारदेरहोनो हायो। Shellfish may be contaminated by sewage containing infected stools and in the past, contaminated tinned meat products have caused typhoid epidemics in Britain. सामु-खांख्राया मैला-मैथा थाफानाय सनदेरजानाय खिफोरजों गुबुंग्लेहोजायो आरो आगोलाव गुबुंग्लेहोजानाय थिमि बेदर दिहुनथायफोरा बृतेइनाव ताइफयेद सनदेरलानाय सोमजिहोबाय। Someone who has typhoid fever is most contagious during the first week of the illness. सोरबा-सासे जायहा ताइफयेद लोमजानाय थानायहा लोमजानायनि गिबि हाबथानि गेजेराव जोबोर बारदेरजाथाव। The patient should therefore be isolated during this time, if possible. जाथावब्ला बेखायनो बे समनि गेजेराव जब्राया जायखारहोजानांगौ। As well as a person with the disease being infectious, typhoid can also be caught from a carrier. लोगोसे सासे सुबुङा बेरामजों सनदेरजाथाव जानानै, ताइफयेदा सासे रोगाग्रानिफ्रायबो हमजानो हायो। A carrier is someone who still has typhoid bacteria in their system after they have recovered from the disease. सासे रोगाग्राया सोरबा-सासे जायहा बेरामनिफ्राय बिसोर फाहामजानाय उनाव बिसोरनि बिखान्थियाव दासिमबो ताइफयेद बेकतेरिया दं। Carriers do not show symptoms of the disease but can spread it via their stools. रोगाग्राया बेरामनि लैखोनफोर दिनथिया नाथाय बेखौ बिसोरनि खिफोरनि गेजेरजों गोसारहोनो हायो। Approximately 5% of people carry the bacteria for a year or more. प्राय 5% सुबुङा बोसोरसे एबा बांसिननि थाखाय बेकतेरिया रोगानो हायो। It is therefore vital that a carrier of typhoid does not have an occupation that involves handling food. बेयो बेखायनो गोनांथार दि सासे ताइफयेदनि रोगाग्राया आखाय-दांनाय खाजा लोबबा-लानाय मोनसे बेबसा गैया। Treatment is available for carriers of typhoid. ताइफयेदनि रोगाग्राफोरनि थाखाय सिकितसाया मोननो-हाथाव। The disease can be eradicated in 4-6 weeks using antibiotic treatment. बेरामा एन्तिबायतिक सिकितसा बाहायनानै 4-6 हाबथाफोरनि गेजेराव बोखारजानो हागौ। The exact origin of HIV remains unknown, but most scientists agree that a form of the virus, known as SIVcpz (Simian Immunodeficiency Virus from chimps), was, and still is, present in chimpanzees living in parts of Africa. एइस आइ भि नि थि गुदिया मिथियै-जाना थायो, नाथाय बांसिन गोनोखोगिरिफोरा सिमान-जायोदि एस आइ भइ सि पि जेद (सिमियान इमिउनदिफिसेइनसि भाइरास फ्रम सिमप्स) महरै मिथिजानाय भाइरासनि मोनसे महरा आफ्रिकानि सिमपानजिफोर जिउ-खुंनाय बाहागोफोराव दंमोन, आरो दासिमबो दं। One theory is that the virus spread to humans that were hunting the chimps, possibly because they came into close contact with the infected chimpanzee's blood. मोनसे बुंफुरलुवा बेदि सुबुंफोरनियाव गोसारनाय भाइरासा हलौ-मोख्राफोरखौ जानोहाथावनायै मैहुर-खालामगासिनो दंमोना मानोना बिसोर सनदेरजानाय हलौ-मोख्राफोरनि थैजों खाथि सोमोनदोआव फैदोंमोन। It is thought that for many years the human form of the HIV virus was limited to a remote part of Africa. बेखौ गोबां बोसोरफोरनि थाखाय साननाय जादोंदि एइस आइ भि भाइरासनि सुबुं महरा आफ्रिकानि गोजान बाहागोसिम सिमा-गोनांमोन। However, when new transport links opened up that part of Africa, the virus spread to other parts of Africa, before slowly spreading across the world. होमब्लाबो, जेब्ला गोदान हान्था-मेला फोनांजाबथायफोरा आफ्रिकानि बै बाहागोखौ बेखेवदोंमोन, भाइरासा बुहुम नाङै लासैयै गोसारनायनि आगोल आफ्रिकानि गुबुन बाहागोफोराव गोसारदोंमोन। The HIV virus breaks down the genetic code of cells used by our immune system, particularly the cells known as CD4 cells, and then uses the raw genetic material to make copies of itself. एइस आइ भि भाइरासा जोंनि होबथा बिखानथिजों बाहायजानाय चेलफोरनि बंसआरि कदखौ सिफायो, जर’खायै सि डि4 चेलफोर महरै मिथिजानाय चेलफोर, आरो बेनि-उनाव बेनि-गावनिनो नखलफोर खालामनो गोथां बंसआरि मुवा बाहायो। The body can make more CD4 cells, but eventually the HIV virus will reduce the numbers of CD4 cells to such an extent that the immune system will stop working. देहाया बांसिन सि दि4 चेलफोर बानायनो हायो, नाथाय जोबथियाव एइस आइ भि भाइरासा सि दि4 चेलफोरनि अनजिमाखौ बिदि थाखोआव खमायगोन दि होबथा बिखान्थिया खामानि-मावनो थाद’गोन। The HIV virus can be spread through the exchange of bodily fluids, such as semen or blood. एइस आइ भि भाइरासा देहायारि लाव-मुवाफोर सोलाय-सोल’नि गेजेरजों गोसारहोजानो हायो जेरै बादि हायना-बिरजो एबा थै। Therefore the condition can be spread through sexual intercourse, including oral, and anal, sex. बेखायनो थासारिया खुगायारि, आरो खिथौवारि, आथोनखौ लाफानानै आथोनारि खयलायनायनि गेजेरजों गोसारहोजानो हायो। People who inject illegal drugs, and share needles, are also at risk from getting the HIV virus. सुबुङा जाय नेम-गैयि द्रागफोर बिजि-थुजायो, आरो बिजिफोर नाजावलायनायफोराबो एइस आइ भि भाइरास मोननायनि गिथावनायाव दं। The condition can also be spread from a mother to her unborn child. थासारिया सासे बिमानिफ्रायबो बिनि जोनोम-जायि खुदियानिसिम गोसारहोजानो हायो। However, medicines can now be used to prevent this from happening. होमब्लाबो, दा मुलैफोरा बेखौ जानायनिफ्राय होबथानो बाहायजानो हायो। HIV can be spread through blood transfusions. एइस आइ भि या थै बारस्लायहोनायनि गेजेरजों गोसारहोजानो हायो। However, since 1985, in the UK it has been the policy to screen all donated blood for HIV. होमब्लाबो, इउ के याव 1985 निफ्रायनो बेयो एइस आइ भि नि थाखाय दान-होजानाय गासै थैखौ आनजाद-नायनो माव-बिथांखि जाना दं। Since the policy was introduced, no one in the UK has caught HIV from a blood transfusion. माव-बिथांखिया जागायजादोंमोननिफ्राय इउ के याव रावबो थै बारस्लायहोजानायनिफ्राय एइस आइ भि थानाय हमदांजायाखै। Screening policies in the developing world may not be as rigorous as they are in countries such as the UK, so there is a possible risk of developing HIV if you receive a blood transfusion in certain parts of the world. जौगाफुनाय मुलुगाव आनजान-नायनाय माव-बिथांखिफोरा जेरै बादि इउ के बादि हादोरफोराव बेफोर जेसेबां एसेबां नङा जानो-हागौ, बेखायनो बिहाय जौगाफुनाय एइस आइ भि नि जानो-हाथाव गिथावना दं जुदि नों मुलुगनि थि बाहागोफोराव थै बारस्लायहोनाय मोनो। Impetigo is caused by bacteria, specifically two types of bacteria known as staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus pyogenes. इमपेतिगआ जर’खायै स्तेफिलककास आउरियास आरो स्तेफिलककास पियजेनस महरै मिथिजानाय मोननै रोखोमनि बेकतेरियाजों सोमजिहोजायो। Once a person has become infected it is very easy for them to spread the infection to other people through close physical contact or through sharing towels or flannels. खनसे सासे मानसिया सनदेरजानाय जायोब्ला बेयो बिसोरनि थाखाय गुबुन सुबुंफोरनो खाथि देहायारि सोमोनदो एबा तावेलफोर एबा गामसाफोर नाजावलायनायनि गेजेरजों सनदेरनाय गोसारहोनो जोबोर गोरलै। Impetigo does not cause any symptoms until four to ten days after the initial exposure to the bacteria, so it is easy for people to spread the condition as they do not realise they are infected. एमपेतिगआ बेकतेरियानो जागायनाय उदांखालामनायनि उनाव ब्रैनिफ्राय जि सानफोरसिमहालागै जेबो लैखोनफोर सोमजिहोआ, बेखायनो सुबुंफोरनि थाखाय बिसोर सनदेरजानायखौ बिसोर हमदाङा हिसाबै थासारिखौ गोसारहोनो बेयो गोरलै। It is thought that the condition is more common in children because their immune system has not yet fully developed. बेखौ साननाय जायोदि थासारिया खुदियाफोरनियाव जोबोर सरासनस्रा मानोना बिसोरनि होबथा बिखान्थिया दासिमबो आबुङै जौगायाखै। Rabies can be transferred to a human from an infected animal, usually a dog, via a bite or a lick to broken skin or the eyeball. रेबिस सासे सुबुंनियाव मासे सनदेरजानाय जुनारनिफ्राय बारस्लायहोजानो हायो, सरासनस्रायै मासे सैमा, खनसे अरनाय एबा दोलानाय बिगुराव सोलानाय एबा मेगननि गेजेरजों। Domestic dogs and cats can pick up the infection if exposed to wild animals with the disease such as foxes, wolves, jackals, skunks, mongooses, raccoons and bats. नखरारि सैमाफोर आरो मावजिफोरा सनदेरनायखौ जौगाहोनो हायो जुदि बेराम-गोनां हाग्रा जुनारफोरजों उदां-जायो जेरै बादि सियालफोर, लख्राफोर, सियालफोर, जाहा-मालायफोर, नेवलायफोर, रेकुनफोर आरो बादालिफोर। The virus remains for a variable period at the site of the bite then enters the body and multiplies in the muscles cells near the bite wound. भाइरासा अरनाय जायगायाव गोबां सम-फारिनि थाखाय थायो बेनि-उनाव देहायाव हाबो आरो अरनाय गाराय सेराव मोदोम-गेहेनफोर जिबख्रियाव सानजाबो। The virus then enters the nerve endings and travels to the spinal cord and brain. भाइरासा बेनि-उनाव रोदा जोबथायफोराव हाबो आरो स्पिनेल कर्ड आरो मेलेमसिम दावबायो। Once in the central nervous system, the virus spreads to the salivary glands, lungs, kidneys and other organs. खनसे मिरु स्नायु बिखान्थियावब्ला भाइरासा खुदैयारि ग्लेण्डफोर, संफ्लफोर, किडनिफोर आरो गुबुन अंगफोराव गोसारो। The incubation period (the time between the bite and the start of the symptoms) varies with the distance of the bite from the head, but is usually two to three months. गनाय समफारिया (अरनाय आरो लैखोनफोरनि जागायनाय समनि गेजेराव) खर’निफ्राय अरनाय-गारायनि जानथायजों गुबुन-गुबुन-जायो, नाथाय सरासनस्रायै नैनिफ्राय थाम दानफोरसिम। Severe bites on the head, face or neck may result in rabies in as short a period as nine days. खर’, मोखां एबा गोदोनायाव गोख्रों अरनाय-गारायफोरा गु सानफोर सेबां खम समफारियाव रेबिस सोमजिहोनो हागौ। Bites further from the head are followed by a much longer incubation period, perhaps as long as several months. खर’निफ्राय गोजानाव अरनाया बांसिन गोलावसिन गनाय समफारिजों उनसंजायो, जानोहागौ गोबां दानफोर सेबां गोलाव। The incubation period also varies with different strains of the virus, but the average time between bite and onset is four to eight weeks. गनाय सम-फारियाबो भाइरासनि गुबुन-गुबुन गोख्रोंथिफोरजों गुबुन-गुबुन-जायो, नाथाय अरनाय आरो गाग्लोबनायनि गेजेराव गड़ समा ब्रैनिफ्राय डाइन हाबथाफोरसिम। Approximately 50% of infected bites lead to the disease. सनदेरजानाय अरनाय-गारायनि प्राय 50% आ बेराम सोमजिहोयो। Children may be at a greater risk from infection, as they are shorter in height and their upper body is closer to the ground. सनदेरजानायनिफ्राय खुदियाफोरा जौथायाव गाहायसिन आरो बिसोरनि गोजौ देहाया हादाबजों खाथिसिन हिसाबै बांसिन गिनो-गोनां जानो-हागौ। They should be discouraged from petting unknown animals whilst abroad. बिसोर गुबुनारिब्लाबो मिथियि जुनारफोर बिलिरनायनिफ्राय साहस-गैयि जानांगौ। A germ called corynebacterium diphtheriae causes diphtheria, which infects the throat and sometimes the skin. करिनेबेकतेरियाम दिफथेरिया बुंनाय मोनसे बिजानुआ, जाय गोदोना आरो माब्लाबा-समाव बिगुराव सनदेरो, दिफथेरिया सोमजिहोयो। Diphtheria is very contagious and can be passed from person to person through the tiny droplets in sneezes and coughs. दिफथेरियाया जोबोर बारदेरथाव आरो हाससिवनायफोर आरो गुजुनायफोराव फिसा थरथिंफोरनि गेजेरजों सुबुंनिफ्राय सुबुंसिम बारस्लायहोजानो हायो। It can be spread by touching anything that an infected person has used e. g. tissue, cup or by close, face-to-face contact. बेयो सासे सनदेरजानाय सुबुंजों बाहायजानाय जायखि-जाया दांनायजों गोसारहोजानो हायो जेरै तिसु, काप एबा खुगाजों खुगा खाथिथार सोमोनदोजों। The bacteria will then increase and multiply on or near the moist parts of the mouth and throat, where they cause inflammation. बेकतेरियाया अब्ला बारायगोन आरो सानजाबगासिनो थागोन एबा खुगा आरो गोदोनानि सिदोब बाहागोफोरनि सेराव जेराव बेफोर खामग्लाबनाय सोमजिहोयो। A person who has the disease may be infectious between two and four weeks even if they don't have any symptoms but can be a carrier of the bacteria for a longer. सासे सुबुं जायहा बेराम दं जुदिबो बिसोरहा जायखि-जाया लैखोनफोर गैया नाथाय गोबाव-समनि थाखाय बेकतेरियानि रोगाग्रा जानो हागौ, नै आरो ब्रै हाबथाफोरनि गेजेराव सनदेरथाव जानो-हागौ। Whooping cough is caused by an infection of the lining of the breathing airways. हज्रिना गुजुनाया हां-लानाय बार-लामाफोरनि थोरफोनि सनदेरनायजों सोमजिहोजायो। The infection causes inflammation and swelling of these airways and makes them produce too much mucus. सनदेरनाया बेफोर बार-लामाफोरनि खामग्लाबनाय आरो बुनाय सोमजिहोयो आरो बिफोरखौ जोबोर गोबां गुंग्राय सोमजिहोयो। The bacterium that causes whooping cough is called bordetella pertussis. हज्रिना गुजुनाय सोमजिहोनाय बेकतेरियामखौ बरदेतेला पारसुसिस बुंनाय जायो। It is carried in droplets of moisture in the air. बेफोर बाराव सिदोबथिनि थरथिंफोराव रोगाजायो। When a child with the disease coughs or sneezes, they send out hundreds of infected water droplets into the air. बेराम-गोनां सासे खुदियाया जेब्ला गुजुयो एबा हाससिवो, बिसोर बाराव जौ-जौ सनदेरनाय दै थरथिंफोर हगारो। This is why whooping cough is so infectious. बेबादियैनो गोससायै गुजुनाया बेसेबा सनदेरथाव। Older children are usually not seriously affected by whooping cough, but they can spread the infection to younger babies. बैसो-गोरा खुदियाफोरा सरासनस्रायै गोससा गुजुनायजों गोमजोरै गोहोम-खोख्लैजाया, नाथाय बेफोर गोरलैसिन खुदियानियाव सनदेरनायखौ गोसारहोनो हायो। Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted through the agency of mosquitoes. चिकुनगुन्याया थाम्फैनि थानदैथि गेजेरजों बारस्लायनाय मोनसे भाइरेल बेराम। The responsible virus is the alphavirus, which is carried by the aedes aegypti breed of mosquito. दायनिगिरि भाइरासा जादों एलफाभाइरास, जाय थाम्फैनि एइदस एइजिपताइ फिसा-जागिनायजों लाबोजायो। Hence, after malaria, filaria and dengue, chikungunya has become one more reason to exterminate mosquitoes. थेवबो, मेलेरियानि उनाव, फिलारिया आरो डेंगु, चिकुनगुन्याया थाम्फैफोर सिथारग्लुंनायनि आरोबाव मोनसे जाहोन जाबाय। The prime method of spread of chikungunya is through stagnated water. चिकुनगुन्यायानि गोसारनायनि गुबै आदबा दिदोम दैनि गेजेरजों। The aedes aegypti mosquito lays its eggs only in stagnated water. एइदस एइजिपताइ थाम्फैया बिनि बिदैफोरखौ दिदोम दैयावल’ गारना-दोनो। This explains why there is a widespread outbreak of chikungunya in India currently, which has just recovered from heavy floods in July-August. बेयो बुंफोरो मानो दासानदि भारताव चिकुनगुन्यायानि गोख्रों-नुजानाय गोसारदलानाय दं, जाय जुलाय-आगाष्टआव गोख्रों दैबानानिफ्राय दासोल’ बोखांजाबाय। Ayurveda treats chikungunya as a vata dosha disorder. आयुबेडिका चिकुनगुन्यायाखौ भात डसा थि-नङि हिसाबै जोथोन-लायो। Vata is the air element of our body, which is represented by the air that we breathe; the dissolved gases in our blood, etc. भातवा जोंनि देहानि बार गुदि, जाय बारजों दिनथिजायो जायखौ जों हां-लायो; जोंनि थैयाव गथा गेसफोर, बायदि-बायदि। But when the vata dosha is vitiated, then disease conditions may set in. नाथाय जेब्ला भाटा द’साखौ गुबुंले-खालामो, अब्ला बेराम थाथायफोरा थियारि जानो हागौ। Chikungunya is one of such diseases, which are caused due to an alleviation of the vata dosha. सिकानगुनियाया बिब्दि बेरामफोरनि मोनसे, जायफोरा भाटा द’सानि मोनसे रेजेंनि थाखाय जाउन। The virus is easily passed from person to person through the air by droplets and small particles excreted when infected individuals cough or sneeze. बारदेरजानाय गावारिया गुजुयो एबा हासिवोब्ला मैला-ओंखारनाय खफ’फोर आरो फिसा गुन्द्रासाफोरजों, भाइरासा बारनि गेजेरजों सासेनिफ्राय गुबुन सासेनिसिम गोरलैयै बारलाङो। The influenza virus enters the body through the nose or throat. इनफ्लुइनजा भाइरासा गन्थं आरो गोदोनानि गेजेरजों मोदोमाव हाबो। It then takes between one and four days for the person to develop symptoms. बेनि-उनाव बे लैक्षोनफोर जौगाहोनो सुबुंनि थाखाय से आरो ब्रै सानफोरनि गेजेराव लायो। Someone suffering from influenza can be infectious from the day before they develop symptoms until seven days afterwards. सोरबा इनफ्लुइनजाजों भुगिनाया बिसोर स्नि सानफोर उनथिंजाय लैक्षोनफोर जौगाहोनायसिम सानसे सिगांनिफ्राय बारदेरग्रा जानो हायो। Disease spreads very quickly among the population especially in crowded circumstances. बेरामा सुबुंफोरनि गेजेराव, जर’खायै होंगो-दोंगो जाथायफोराव जोबोर गोख्रैयै गोसारो। Cold and dry weather enables the virus to survive longer outside the body than in other conditions and, as a consequence, seasonal epidemics in temperate areas appear in winter. गुसु आरो गोरान बोथोरा मोदोमनि बायजोआव भाइरासखौ गुबुन थासारिफोरनिख्रुइ गोबावसिन थावरिहोनो हायो, गोजां-बोथोराव दुंब्रुद ओनसोलफोराव मोनसे जाउन, बोथोरारि महामारिफोर हिसाबै नुजायो। Influenza viruses A and B cause the classic flu. इनफ्लुइनजा भाइरासफोर ए. आरो बि.आ गुदि फ्लुखौ खालामो। Type A is usually responsible for the outbreaks that occur annually. सरासनस्रायै रोखोम ए.या बोसोरारियै जानाय जाब्रबथायनि थाखाय दायनिगिरि। These viruses are constantly changing, producing what are called subtypes or strains that are different from the original virus but retain some of its characteristics. बेफोर भाइरासफोरा दिदोमै सोलायनाय, दिहुननाय, जायफोरखौ खाव-बाहागोफोर एबा फोलेरफोर बुङो, बेफोरो थार भाइरासनिफ्राय जुदा नाथाय बेनि आखुथायफोरनि माखासे थायो। Strains of influenza virus that cause the flu may differ from year to year. फलुखौ सोमजिहोनाय इनफ्लुइनजा भाइरासनि फोलेरफोरा बोसोरफ्रोमबो सोलायनो हागौ। Infective conjunctivitis occurs when the conjunctiva (the thin layer of cells covering the white of your eye and the inner surface of your eyelids) becomes inflamed as a result of an infection. जेब्ला मेगन-जालामाया (नोंनि मेगननि गुफुरखौ खोबनाय जिबख्रिफोरनि गोबा थोरफो आरो नोंनि मेगन-बिलायफोरनि इसिं थाला) मोनसे बादेरनायनि जाउन हिसाबै गोजा-जायो, बारदेरथाव मेगन-गोजाजानाया जायो। There are a variety of factors which can cause an infection to develop in your eye. बेयाव गोबां बिजाउनफोर दङ जाया नोंसोरनि मेगनाव बांहोनो मोनसे बारदेरथाय खालामनो हायो। There are no particular signs or symptoms that will allow your GP to distinguish between a bacterial infection and a viral infection. बेयाव मोनसे बेक्टेरियारि बादेरथाय आरो मोनसे भाइरेल बारदेरथायनि गेजेराव फारागथिनो बै नोंसोरनि जि.पि.खौ गनायगोन एखुथा दिन्थिफोर एबा लैक्षोनफोर गैया। Both types of conjunctivitis will normally heal by themselves. सरासनस्रायै मेगन-गोजाजानायनि मोन्नैबो रोखोमफोरा गावनो-गाव गागोन। If your conjunctivitis is caused by a sexually transmitted infection (STI), such as chalmydia, it will usually result in your conjunctivitis lasting for several months, rather than weeks. नोंसोरनि मेगन-गोजाया आथोनारियै बारस्लायनाय बारदेरथायजों (एस.ति.आइ.) जायोब्ला, बिदिन्थि हिसाबै चालमिदाया, सरासनस्रायै बेयो नोंनि सप्थाहफोरनिख्रुइ, गोबां दानफोरनि थाखाय मेगन-गोजा-जानायाव फिनो। If your condition is persistent, you will have an eye swab to determine the cause of the infection (see 'diagnosis' section). नोंनि थासारिया दोरोदरोङैब्ला, बारदेरथायनि जाउनखौ थि खालामनो नों गंसे मेगन ब्रास लानांगोन (‘दाइग्न’ सिस’ खोन्दोखौ नाय)। If your infective conjunctivitis is caused by an STI, you will have to undergo screening and treatment for the infection. नोंनि बारदेरथाव मेगन-गोजाया मोनसे एस.ति.आइ.जों जादोंब्ला, नों बारदेरथायनि थाखाय आनजाद-नायनाय आरो फोसाबथायाव थांनांगोन। Newborn babies can develop conjunctivitis if the mother has Chlamydia because the infection is often passed to the baby during birth. बिमाहा क्लुमिदिया दङब्ला, जोनोम-जागोदान खुदियाफोरा मेगन-गोजाखौ बांहोनो हायो, मानोना बारदेरथाया जोनोमनि समाव खुदियाफोरनियाव प्राय बारलाङो। You are more likely to develop infective conjunctivitis if you have been in close contact with someone who is already infected. नों सोरबा, जाय सिगांग्रोनो बारदेर-जानाय बिजों खाथि सोमोन्दोआव थाबोगासिनोब्ला, नोङो बारदेरथाव मेगन-गोजाखौ जौगाहोनो बांसिन हाथाव। It is therefore very important that you make sure that you wash your hands thoroughly after coming into contact with someone who has the condition. जायहा थासारि दङ बिजों सोमोन्दो लाना फैनायनि उनाव फारियै नों नोंनि आखायफोर सुनायखौ नों थि खालाम बेयो बेनिखायनो जोबोर गोनांथि। Scabies is caused by the human parasite known as sarcoptes sabiei. स्केबिजा सारकबतिस सेबियि सुबुङारि गुबुन-जाग्राजों जायो। An infestation starts when a female mite burrows into your skin. मोनसे साग्लोबथाया जागायो, जेब्ला मासे जो एम्फौआ नोंनि बिगुराव खुरो। The mite can burrow into your skin within 30 minutes. एम्फौआ 30 मिनिटनि गेजेराव नोंनि बिगुराव खुरनो हायो। Male mites move between different burrow sites looking to mate with an unfertilised female. जोला एम्फौफोरा मासे हासारथाय-नङै जोजों जरा लानो नागिरनानै गुबुन गुबुन खुरनाय जायगाफोरनि गेजेराव थाङो। Once mating has taken place, the male mite dies and the female mite begins to lay eggs, which will hatch in approximately 3-4 days. खनसे जरा-लाखांब्ला, जोला एम्फौआ थैयो आरो जो एम्फौआ बिदैफोर दैनो जागायो, जाया प्रायै 3-4 सानफोराव गफायगोन। The eggs take 10-15 days to grow into adult males, or females. बिदैफोरा बैसो-गोरा जोलाफोर एबा जोफोराव जौगानो 10-15 सानफोर लायो। Without effective treatment this life cycle can continue indefinitely. जाउन-गोनां फोसाबथाय गैयालासे बे जिउ गिदिंथाया जोबनाय-गैयैयारियै सोलिबाय-थानो हायो। Scabies mites are resistant to soap and hot water, and they cannot be scrubbed out of the skin. स्केबिज एम्फौफोरा साबोन आरो गुदुं दैयाव सहायनो हायो, आरो बेसोरखौ बिगुरनि गोजान होखारनो हाया। The exact cause of the intense itchiness that is associated with scabies is unknown, but most experts believe that the itchiness is caused by the immune system reacting to the mites, and their saliva, eggs, and faeces. स्केबिजजों थाफानाय बांद्राय माननायनि थि जाउना मिथिमोनै, नाथाय बांसिन रोंगौसाफोरा फोथायो दि माननाया एम्फौफोर आरो बेसोरनि खुदै, बिदैफोर, आरो खिनि फिनजाथाय-खालामनाय खैफोद-गैयै बिखान्थिजों जायो। Scabies mites cannot fly, or jump, so they can only move from one human body to another if two people have direct and prolonged physical contact. स्केबिज एम्फौफोरा बिरनो एबा बाज्ल’नो हाया, बेनिखायनो बेसोर सानै सुबुंहा थोंजों आरो गोबाव-सम सावस्रियारि सोमोन्दो थायोब्लाल’ सासे सुबुं मोदोमनिफ्राय गुबुन सासेनियाव बारलांनो हायो। Transmission by brief and limited physical contact, such as a handshake, or a hug, is unlikely. सुंद’यै आरो सिमा-गोनां सावस्रियारि सोमोन्दोजों बारलांनाय, बिदिन्थि हिसाबै आखाय-हमलायनाय, एबा गोबालायनाया जाथावै। Scabies mites can survive outside the human body for between 24-36 hours, so it is possible to become infested by coming into contact with contaminated clothes, or bed linen. स्केबिज एम्फौफोरा सुबुं मोदोमनि बायजोआव 24-36 घन्टाफोरनि गेजेराव थावरिनो हायो, बेनिखायनो बेयो गाज्रि-जानाय जिफोर एबा बिस्ना सादरजों गोबां-बिबांनि जानो हाथाव। However, this is a far less common way of acquiring the condition. अदेबानि, बेयो थासारिखौ मोन्नायनि मोनसे जोबोरैनो खम सरासनस्रा लामा। Scabies infestations can quickly spread because people are usually unaware that they have the condition until 2-6 weeks after the initial infection has taken place. स्केबिज बांथायफोरा गोख्रैयै गोसारनो हायो मानोना सुबुंफोरा सरासनस्रायै बै बिसोरहा गिबि बारदेरनाया जायगा मोननायनि उनाव 2-6 सप्थाहफोर जायागौमानि थानाय थासारिखौ सांग्रा-नङा। In confined environments, such as schools, or nursing homes, where people are in close proximity to one another, there is an increased risk of catching scabies. सिमा-गोनां बारहावायाव, बिदिन्थि हिसाबै फरायसालि, एबा देहा फाहामसालि, जेराव सुबुंफोरा सासेया गुबुन सासेजों खाथि सोमोन्दोआव थायो, बेयाव स्केबिज हमनायनि मोनसे खैफोद-गोनां बांनाय दङ। People often regard scabies as a condition that results from poor personal hygiene and living conditions, but there is no evidence that this is the case. सुबुंफोरा स्केबिजखौ लोरबां गावारि सावस्रि-गोनां आरो जिउ-खांनाय थासारिफोरनिफ्राय फिननाय मोनसे थासारि हिसाबै प्राय मख’यो, नाथाय बेयाव जेबो फोरमान गैया दि बेनो बिथिं। Scabies can affect people from all walks of life. स्केबिजा गासै जिउ-राहानि सुबुंफोरखौ गोहोम-खोख्लैनो हायो। Any bacteria or virus has the potential to cause meningitis. जायखि-जाया बेक्टेरिया एबा भाइरासहा मेनिंजाइटिस जाहोनो गोहो दङ। Bacterial meningitis is caused by several different types of germs which live naturally at the back of the nose and throat and can be spread by close prolonged contact, coughing, sneezing and kissing. बेक्टेरियारि मेनिंजाइटिसा जिउसाफोरनि गोबां गुबुन गुबुन रोखोमफोरजों जायो, मिथिंगायारियै जाया गन्थं आरो गोदोनानि उनाव थायो आरो खाथि गोबाव-सम सोमोन्दो, गुजुनाय, हासिउनाय आरो खुदुमनायजों गोसारनो हायो। In the UK the most common cause of bacterial meningitis is infection with the meningococcal or pneumococcal bacteria, but Hib, TB, E. Coli, and Group B streptococcal bacteria can also cause meningitis. इउ.के.आव बेक्टेरियारि मेनिंजाइटिसनि बांसिन सरासनस्रा जाउना मेनिंग’क’कुल एबा निउम’क’कुल बेक्टेरियाजों बारदेरनाय, नाथाय हिब, ति.बि., इ. कलि आरो हानजा बि. ष्ट्रेपत’क’केल बेक्टेरियाबो मेनिंजाइटिस जाहोनो हायो। Viral meningitis may be caused by viruses such as coxsackie, herpes simplex, mumps, the varicella zoster virus of chickenpox and shingles, poliovirus, echoviruses (including enterovisuses). भाइरुल मेनिंजाइटिसा भाइरासफोरजों जानो हागौ बिदिन्थि हिसाबै ककझाकि, हारपिज सिमप्लेक्स, माम्पस, लोनथि आरो सिंगुल्सनि भारिसेलु जस्टार भाइरास, पलिय’-भाइरास, इक’-भाइरासफोर (इनतार’भिसासफोरखौ लाफानानै)। Germs can be spread through coughing, sneezing, poor hygiene or sewage polluted water. जिउसाफोरा गुजुनाय, हासिउनाय, लोरबां सावस्रि-गोनां एबा जाबोर-जोथोर गाज्रि-जानाय दैनि गेजेरजों गोसारनो हायो। Meningitis can also be a feature of other diseases, including Lyme disease, Leptospirosis, Typhus, Tuberculosis and other infections. मेनिंजाइटिसा लाइम बेराम, लेपट’सपिर’सिस, टाइफास, जक्षा-बेराम आरो गुबुन बारदेरनायफोरखौ लाफानानै गुबुन बेरामफोरनि मोनसे आखुथायबो जानो हायो। To make a preliminary diagnosis of malaria, your GP will ask you about your symptoms and look at your travel history. मेलेरियानि मोनसे सिगांग्रो बेराम-सिनायथिनाय खालामनो, नोंनि जि.पि.या नोंखौ नोंनि लैक्षोनफोरनि सोमोन्दै सोंगोन आरो नोंनि दावबायनाय जारिमिनाव नोजोरथिगोन। It is important that you tell your GP about where you have travelled to in the last 12 months, including places where you only made a brief stop over. बेयो गोनांथि दि नों नोंनि जि.पि.नो नों थांनाय 12 दानफोराव जेराव नों द’से थाद’नायफोर खालामनाय जायगाफोरखौ लाफानानै, जेराव दावबायखो बेनि सोमोन्दै खोन्था। You can be at risk of malaria if you are a resident of, or travel to, or from, any country where malaria is present. नोङो जायखि-जाया हादरनि सासे थागिरि जेराव मेलेरिया दङ एबा दावबायहैनाय एबा बेनिफ्रायब्ला मेलेरियानि खैफोद-गोनां जानो हागौ। After the preliminary diagnosis, you will have a blood sample taken in order to confirm the condition. सिगांग्रो बेराम-सिनायथिनायनि उनाव, नों थासारिखौ थि खालामनाय बिथिङाव थै नमुना लानांगोन। A small amount of blood is taken and mixed with a special solution before being analysed under a microscope. थैनि एसे बिबांखौ लायो आरो गंसे माइक्रसकप सिङाव बिजिरनायनि सिगां जर’खा गलिथायजों गलायो। This test will be able to confirm the presence of malaria, and will also indicate to your GP what type of parasite is causing your condition. बे आनजाद-लानाया मेलेरिया थानायखौ थि-खालामनो हागोन, आरो नोंनि जि.पि.नो मा रोखोमनि मालाय-जाग्राया नोंनि थासारिखौ जाहोदों दिन्थि। Malaria can be a potentially fatal condition, but with a prompt diagnosis and treatment, many people make a full recovery. मेलेरियाया जाथावनायै गिलु-बालु थासारि जानो हायो, नाथाय मोनसे गोख्रै बेराम-सिनायथिनाय आरो फोसाबथायजों, गोबां सुबुङा आबुं बोखां-जाफिनो। If you have been diagnosed with malaria, your treatment will start as soon as possible. नों मेलेरिया बेराम-सिनायजागासिनोब्ला, नोंनि फोसाबथाया जेसेबां हागौ एसेबां गोख्रै हाथावै जागायगोन। Malaria is normally treated using anti-malarial medicines. सरासनस्रायै मेलेरियाखौ एन्टि-मेलेरियारि मुलिफोर बाहायनानै फोसाबो। There are a variety of these medicines available. बेयाव बैफोर मुलिफोरनि बायदि-रोखोम मोन्थाव दङ। The type of medicine you receive may vary if you are being treated elsewhere in the world. बुहुमाव नोङो गुबुन-मोनसे-जायगायाव फोसाब-जागासिनोब्ला, नों नाजावनाय मुलिनि रोखोमा सोलायनो हागौ। Due of an increased level of resistance to the malaria parasite, in some countries particular medicines have been rendered almost completely useless. मेलेरिया मालाय-जाग्रायाव हेंथानि थाखो बांनायनि थाखाय, माखासे हादरफोराव दैथायहरनाय जर’खा मुलिफोरा प्राय आबुङै बाहाय-जायै। If you have a mild case of malaria, you may be prescribed medication that you can take at home. नोंहा मेलेरियानि दद्र’ रोखोम दङब्ला, नोङो मुलि-जानो बोसोनथिजानो हागौ दि नों न’आव लानो हागोन। If your malaria is more severe, you may have to be admitted to hospital. नोंनि मेलेरियाया बांसिन गोख्रोंब्ला, नों फाहामसालियाव थिसन-जानो हागौ। If you are unable to take your medication orally, you may have to have your anti-malarial medicine administered intravenously (through a vein in your arm). नों खुगायारियै नोंनि मुलि-जानायखौ लानो हायाब्ला, नों नोंनि एन्टि-मेलेरियारि मुलिखौ थै-रोदायारियै हरनाय (नोंनि आखायाव दोंसे रोदानि गेजेरजों) लानांनो हागौ। If you have taken an anti-malarial drug as a form of prevention before visiting a tropical country, and later go on to still contract the condition, you will have to be prescribed a different type of medicine in order for your treatment to be effective. नों क्रान्टियारि हादर नायगिदिंनायनि सिगां होबथानायनि मोनसे रोखोम हिसाबै मोनसे एन्टि-मेलेरियारि लाबायब्ला, आरो उनाव थासारिखौ रादाय-खायागौमानि थां, नोंनि फोसाबथाया जाउन-गोनां जानो थाखाय नों मुलिनि गुबुन गुबुन रोखोमखौ बोसोनथिजा-नांगौ। If the first anti-malarial medicine that you are prescribed fails to improve your symptoms, you may have to try a variety of other medicines as part of your treatment. नोंनि लैक्षोनफोरखौ फोसाबसिननो नोंखौ बोसोनथिनाय सेथि एन्टि-मेलेरियारि मुलिया फेलें जायोब्ला, नोंनि फोसाबथायनि बाहागो हिसाबै नों गुबुन मुलिफोरनि बायदि-रोखोमखौ नाजानांनो हागौ। Treatment for malaria can leave you feeling very weak and tired for several weeks afterwards. मेलेरियानि थाखाय फोसाबथाया नोंनो उन-फार्से गोबां सप्थाहफोरनि थाखाय गोबां लोरबां आरो मेंनाय मोन्दांथि होनो हायो। If you are pregnant, some of the medicines that are usually used to treat malaria are unsuitable because they may cause side effects for both you and your child. नोङो दोर्सिब्ला, सरासनस्रायै मेलेरियाखौ फोसाबनो बैफोर बाहायनाय मुलिफोरनि माखासेया आरजाथावै, मानोना बेफोरो नों आरो नोंनि गथ’नि थाखाय उफेरा बिजाउन जानो हागौ। Chloroquine and quinine are the medicines that are safe to use during pregnancy. क्ल’र’कुइन आरो कुइनाइन बेफोर मुलिफोरा दोर्सि समाव बाहायनो रैखायारि। These can be used at any stage of your pregnancy without harm to you, or your baby. बैफोरखौ नोंनि दोर्सिनि जायखि-जाया थाखोआव नोंनियाव एबा नोंनि मोदोमाव, खहा गैयालासे बाहायनो हायो। However, if you were prescribed these medicines as a way of preventing malaria, they will not be suitable as a form of treatment for the disease. अदेबानि, बैफोर मुसिफोरखौ मेलेरिया होबथानायनि लामा हिसाबै नोंखौ बोसोन-थिदोंमोनब्ला, बेफोरो बेरामनि थाखाय फोसाबथायनि मोनसे महर हिसाबै आरजाथाव जानाय नङा। Other medicines may be suitable depending on which stage of your pregnancy you are at. नोङो नोंनि बबे दोर्सि थाखोआव बेयाव सोनारनानै गुबुन मुलिफोरा आरजाथाव जानो हागौ। If you develop any malaria-like symptoms, or suspect that you may be at risk of malaria, contact your GP as soon as possible. नों मेलेरियानि खैफोद-गोनाङाव जानो हागौनि नों जायखि-जाया मेलेरिया-बादि लैक्षोनफोर एबा सन्देहखौ जौगाहोयोब्ला, जेसेबां गोख्रै हाथाव एसेबां नोंनि जि.पि.खौ सोमोन्दो-ला। There is no specific treatment for chickenpox although recent research using anti-viral drugs in the very early stages of the illness has shown slight benefit. लोमजानाया खम मुलाम्फा दिन्थिनायनि जोबोर गिबि थाखोफोराव आथिखाल एन्टि-भाइरेल मुलिफोर बाहायनानै नायबिजिरोब्लाबो लोनथिनि थाखाय बेयाव एखुथा फोसाबथाय गैया। Paracetamol, Calpol, Crocin helps the associated fever and muscle aches and pains that go along with fever. पेरासितामुल, केलपल, क्रसिना लोमजानायजों थांफानाय, थाफानाय लोमजानाय आरो मोदेम-गेहेन सानाय आरो सानायफोरखौ हेफाजाब होयो। An antiviral drug called Acyclovir, may be prescribed by your doctor in severe cases. एसिक्लभिर बुंनाय मोनसे एन्टिभाइरेल मुलिया गोब्राब बिथिंफोराव नोंनि दाक्थारजों बोसोन्थिजानो हागौ। Aspirin is avoided in viral infections as it induces a condition called Reye's syndrome, which can have life-threatening consequences. भाइरुल बारदेरनायफोराव एसपिरिनखौ नेवसियो मानोना बेयो रेयेनि लैक्षोन बुंनाय मोनसे थासारि लाबोयो, जाय जिउ-सिगिनाय जाउनफोर लानो हायो। Your doctor may also prescribe a medicated lotion, calamine lotion or a solution of sodium bicarbonate to help reduce itching. नोंनि दाक्थारा माननाय खमायनाय हेफाजाब-होनो केलामाइन लाव-लाव एबा मोनसे सदियामनि लाव-लाव बाइकार्बनेट, जाथोसे लाव लाव मुलियारिबो बोसोन्थिनो हागौ। Use ordinary baking soda and dissolve it in a small quantity of water. सरासनस्रा फोराननाय सडा बाहाय आरो बेखौ खम बिबांनि दैयाव सोम। Some homeopaths suggest the homeopathic remedy sulphur to help boost the child's immune system. माखासे हमिय’पेथफोरा गथ’नि खैफोद-गैयै बिखान्थिखौ नारनो हेफाजाब-होनो हमिय’पेथिक सोखानाय गन्धगखौ बोसोन्थियो You can usually diagnose flu yourself based on the characteristic of your symptoms. सरासनस्रायै नों गावनो नोंनि लैक्षोनफोरनि आखुथायफोर सायाव सोनारनानै फ्लुखौ सिनायनो हायो। It is unusual for any other diagnostic tests to be necessary unless there are complications. बेयो जायखि-जाया गुबुन दाइगन’स्टिक आनजादफोरनि थाखाय बेयाव गोनो-गोथो गैयागौमानि गोनांथार जानो हाथावै। Your GP cannot normally say exactly which virus is causing your flu-like symptoms. सरासनस्रायै नोंनि जि.पि.आ, बबे भाइरासा नोंनि फ्लु-बादि लैक्षोनफोरखौ जाहोदों थियै बुंनो हाया। The main role of laboratory diagnosis is to identify the main circulating types and strains of the flu virus. नायसोमसालि सिनायनायनि गुबै खामानिया गुबै गिदिंनाय रोखोमफोर आरो फ्लु भाइरासनि फोलेरफोरखौ सिनायनाय। To do this, a viral culture is necessary which will be taken from your nose or throat using a swab. बेखौ मावनो, भाइरुल हारिमुआ गोनांथार, जायखौ ब्रास बाहायनानै नोंनि गोदोना एबा गन्थंनिफ्राय लानाय जागोन। If some other disease is suspected (for example, malaria, if you have recently travelled to an area where malaria is a problem), then other tests or a referral may be necessary. माखासे गुबुन बेरामखौ सन्देह-खालामोब्ला ( बिदिन्थि हिसाबै मेलेरिया, दाबावै नों मोनसे ओनसोलाव दावबायबायब्ला, जेराव मेलेरियाया मोनसे जेंना), बेनि-उनाव गुबुन आनजाद-नायनायफोर एबा थोनहरारिया गोनांथार जानो हागौ। If you are usually fit and healthy, you can treat the symptoms of flu at home using remedies commonly available from pharmacies. सरासनस्रायै नोङो गोख्रों आरो सावस्रि-गोनांब्ला, नों नआव फारमासिफोरनिफ्राय सरासनस्रायै मोन्थाव सोखाग्राफोर बाहायनानै फ्लुनि लैक्षोनफोरखौ फोसाबनो हायो। Antibiotics are not prescribed for flu as they have no effect on viruses. फ्लुनि थाखाय एन्टिबाय’टिकफोरखौ बोसोन्थिया, बेफोरहा भाइरासफोरनि सायाव गोहोम गैया। However, occasionally it may be necessary to control complications, especially serious chest infections or pneumonia. अदेबानि, बोथोरारियै गोनो-गोथोफोरखौ होबथानो, बे गोनांथार जानो हागौ, जर’खायै गोब्राब जेर्बा बारदेरनायफोर एबा निम’निया। You should stay at home and in bed for as long as the acute symptoms persist which is usually for two or three days after the symptoms peak. गोख्रों लैक्षोनफोरा जेसेबां गोबाव थायो एसेबां नों न’आव आरो बिसनायाव थानांगौ, सरासनस्रायै जाया लैक्षोनफोर थिखिनि सहैनायनि उनाव नै एबा थाम सानफोरनि थाखाय। You should drink plenty of fluids and to treat the symptoms as necessary. नों गोनांथि हिसाबै लैक्षोनफोरखौ फोसाबनो आरो लाव-लावफोरनि थोजासे लोंनांगौ। See the encyclopaedia entries on colds, sore throats and coughs for symptom relief. लैक्षोनफोर हुस-मोन्नायनि थाखाय गुसुफोर, गोदोनाफोर सानाय आरो गुजुनायफोरनि सायाव, गियान-बाख्रि सोनायफोरखौ नाय। Your GP may prescribe the medicines listed below if you are at risk of complications and Flu type A or B is circulating in the community. नोङो गोनो-गोथोफोर आरो फ्लु रोखोम ए. एबा बि.आ समाजाव गोसारनायनि खैफोद-गोनाङाव दङब्ला, नोंनि जि.पि.आ गाहायाव फारि-खालामनाय मुलिफोरखौ बोसोन्थिनो हागौ। Well-developed clinical guidelines exist to guide doctors in the treatment of flu. फ्लुनि फोसाबथायाव दाक्थारफोरखौ बिथोन-होनो मोजां-जौगानाय फाहामथायारि बिथोन-फारिलायफोर थायो। The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) have also produced guidelines on the use of specific treatments for people at risk of complications. साबसिन फाहामथायारिनि थाखाय हादरारि फसंथान (एन.आइ.सि.इ.) आबो गुलाय-गुजायफोरनि खैफोद-गोनाङाव सुबुंफोरनि थाखाय एखुथा फोसाबथायफोरनि बाहायनायनि सायाव बिथोन-फारिलायफोर दिहुनबाय। Drugs that fight the flu virus are called antiviral medicines. फ्लु भाइरासजों नांज्लायनाय मुलिफोरखौ एन्टि-भाइरुल मुलिफोर बुङो। They do not cure the virus but may reduce the severity and length of time that the symptoms last. बेफोर भाइरासखौ सोखाया नाथाय गोब्राबथि आरो लैक्षोनफोर थांना-थानाय समनि लावथायखौ खमायनो हागौ। Zanamivir and oseltamivir are used to treat the flu viruses A and B and work by stopping the virus from multiplying in your body. झानामिभिर आरो असेलतामिभिरखौ फ्लु भाइरास ए. आरो बि.फोरखौ फोसाबनो आरो नोंनि मोदोमाव जथायनायनिफ्राय भाइरासखौ हमथानानै खामानि-मावनो बाहायदोंमोन। Zanamivir is a dry powder that is taken by breathing it in through a device called a diskhaler. झानामिभिरा मोनसे गोरान पावदार, बेखौ दिसखालार बुंनाय मोनसे आगजुनि गेजेरजों बेखौ हां-लानानै लायो। You need to start taking it within 48 hours of your first flu symptoms and the dose is two inhalations twice a day for five consecutive days. नों नोंनि सेथि फ्लु लैक्षोनफोरनि 48 घन्टाफोरनि गेजेराव बेखौ लानो जागाय-नांगौ आरो फालिया फारियै बा सानफोरनि थाखाय सानसेयाव खन्नैहै खन्नै हां-लानायफोर। Most people can safely take zanamivir, although in the UK, it is normally used by people over 65 or those who have medical problems such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, kidney disease, a weak immune system or diabetes. बांसिन सुबुंफोरा रैखाथियै झानामिभिर लानो हायो, अब्लाबो इउ.के.आव, सरासनस्रायै बेखौ 65 नि बांसिन सुबुंफोर एबा जायफोरहा मेदिकेलारि जेंनाफोर गोनां दिन्थि हिसाबै आजमा, संफ्ल’आरि क्रनिक हेंथा-गोनां बेराम (सि.अ.पि.दि.), बिखा बेराम, किदनि बेराम, लोरबां खैफोद-गैयै बिखान्थि एबा दायेबितिसजों बाहायजायो। However, it isn't recommended for children under 12 years of age. अदेबानि, बेखौ 12 बोसोर बैसोनि गाहाय गथ’फोरनि थाखाय गनाया। Recent studies of zanamivir showed that those who took it improved about one day earlier than expected, including those aged over 65 and those with other medical problems. आथिखाल झानामिभिरनि फरायसंनाया दिन्थियो दि जायफोरनि बैसोआ 65 नि बांसिन आरो जायफोरा मेदिकेलारि जेंनाफोर गोनांखौ लाफानानै, जायफोरा बेखौ आसा-खालामनायनिख्रुइ सानसे सिगांसो जौगासिनहोनो लायो। However, it didn't help prevent complications of flu (such as pneumonia) and it may cause breathing difficulties if you have asthma or lung problems. अदेबानि, बेयो फ्लु (बिदिन्थि हिसाबै निमुनिया) नि गुलाय-गुजायफोर हमथानो हेफाजाब होआखैमोन आरो नोंहा आजमा एबा गारामा जेंनाफोर दङब्ला, बे हां-लानाय गोब्राबथिफोर खालामनो हागौ। Oseltamivir is taken by mouth (orally) in tablet or liquid form. असेलतामिभिरा बरि एबा लाव-लाव महराव खुगा (खुगायारियै) जों जाजायो। As with zanamivir, you need to start taking oseltamivir within 48 hours of getting the first symptoms of flu. झानामिभिरजों हिसाबै, फ्लुनि गिबि लैक्षोनफोर मोननायनि 48 घन्टाफोरनि गेजेराव असेलतामिभिर लानायनि जागायनो नांगौ। The dose is one tablet twice a day for five consecutive days. फालिया बा फारि सानफोरनि थाखाय गरसे बरि सानसेयाव खन्नै। However, a smaller dose will be prescribed if you have kidney disease. अदेबानि, नोंहा किडनि बेराम दंब्ला, फिसासिन फालिखौ बोसोनथिगोन। Most people can safely take oseltamivir, but it is usually taken by people over 65 or those with the medical conditions described above. बांसिन सुबुंफोरा रैखाथियै असेलतामिभिर लानो हायो, नाथाय सरासनस्रायै बेयो 65 नि बांसिन सुबुंफोर एबा गोजौआव बुंबोनाय सिकित्सायारि थासारिफोरजों लाजायो। However, it isn't recommended for children under the age of one. अदेबानि, बेखौ से बोसोर बैसोनि सिङाव गथ’फोरनि थाखाय गनायथिया। Oseltamivir can cause nausea, vomiting, stomach pain and diarrhoea. असेलतामिभिर अगाले-मोन्नाय, गोबानाय, बान्दार सानाय आरो डायेरिया खालामनो हायो। These side effects should not be serious but if they are, you should see your GP. बैफोर उफेरा बिजाउनफोरा गोब्राब जाया जानो हागौ नाथाय बिसोर, नों नोंनि जि.पि.खौ नुगौमोनब्ला। Prevention of flu with any of these medicines is not recommended at the moment except when there is an epidemic. बे समाव बैफोर मुलिफोरनि जायखि-जायाजों फ्लुनि होबथाथायखौ बेयाव मोनसे बारदेरनाय-बेराम जानायनि सोलाय गनायथिया। During the flu season, the NHS closely monitors the levels of flu and will notify doctors if other steps need to be taken to prevent the spread of the disease. फ्लु बोथोरनि समाव, एन.आइस.एस फ्लुनि थाखोफोरखौ बोसोन्थियो आरो बेरामनि गोसारनायखौ होबथानो गुबुन आगानफोर लानांगौब्ला दाक्थारनो फोरमायगोन। Amantadine is another oral medicine, which only works against type A flu virus. आमानतादिना गुबुन-मोनसे खुगायारि मुलि, जाया रोखोम ए. फ्लु भाइरासनि हेंथायैल’ खामानि-मावो। It comes in tablet or syrup form and can help prevent flu if you have recently come into contact with the virus. बेयो बरि एबा बिदैनि महराव फैयो आरो नों दाबावै भाइरासजों सोमोन्दोआव फैबायब्ला फ्लु होबथानो हायो। However, at the moment in the UK, amantadine is not recommended to treat or prevent flu (except in exceptional circumstances if the other medicines are not suitable) because there has not been enough research carried out to show whether it helps those who are most at risk from the virus such as the elderly and those with another medical condition. अदेबानि, बे समाव इउ.के.आव, आमान्तादिनखौ फ्लु फोसाबनो एबा होबथानो गनायथिया मानोना बेयाव बिसोर भाइरासनि बांसिन खैफोद-गोनाङाव थानायफोरखौ बेयो हेफाजाब-होयोना-होआ दिन्थिनो थोजासे नायबिजिरनाय लाबोआखै, बिदिन्थि हिसाबै बैसो-गोरा आरो गुबुन-मोनसे मेदिकेलारि थासारि गोनांफोर। Possible side effects of amantadine are nausea, dizziness and insomnia. आमान्तादिननि जाथाव उफेरा बिजाउनफोरा अगाले-मोन्नाय, खर’-गिदिंनाय आरो गोसावनाय। History and physical examination usually aid the diagnosis of Chicken Pox. सरासनस्रायै जारिमिन आरो सावस्रियारि आन्जादा लोन्थिनि डाइग’सिसखौ हेफाजाब-होयो। The characteristic skin rash with itching and low grade fever help to make the diagnosis. माननायजों बिगुर खुरख्लाबनाय आरो खम बिबांनि लोमजानाय आखुथाया डाइग’सिसखौ खालामनो हेफाजाब-होयो। Small Pox, earlier confused with chicken pox, has now been eradicated. फिसा लोन्थि, सिगां लोन्थिजों गोनो-गोथो जानाया दायो जाबस्रांबाय। Sometimes other viral infections or impetigo may resemble chicken pox. माब्लाबा गुबुन भाइरुल बारदेरनायफोर एबा बिगुर-बेरामा लोन्थि बादि जानो हागौ। Herpes Zoster or Shingles is suspected if a localised rash is seen on one half of the body. मोदोमनि खावसेयाव जायगायारि खुरख्लाबनायखौ नुयोब्ला हारपिज झस्टार एबा सिंगोल्सखौ सन्देह-खालामो। Confirmation of the diagnosis is possible by examining the direct scraping of the skin lesion under a microscope, viral cultures or a rising antibody level in convalescing blood samples. डाइग’सिसनि फोरमान्थाया गंसे माइक्रसकप सिङाव बिगुर खुरख्लाबनाय नि थोंजों गुगानायखौ आन्जाद-लानाय, भाइरुल हारिमुफोर एबा थै नमुनाफोर सिनायथिनायाव मोदोम-हेंथा थाखो जौगानायजों खालामथाव। The medical management of Chicken Pox and Shingles in a healthy host is directed towards reduction of the risks of complications, as the disease is essentially self-limited. सासे गुफुं सुबुंनियाव लोन्थि आरो सिंगोल्सनि फाहामसालियारि सामलायथाया गुलाय-गुजायफोर खैफोद-गोनांनि खमायनायथिंजाय दिन्थियो, मानोना बेरामा गोनांथारै गाव-सिमा-गोनां। Hygiene is very important, including bathing, astringent soaks and closely cropped fingernails to avoid secondary bacterial infections. नैथियारि बेक्टेरियारि बारदेरनायफोर होखारनो दुगैनाय, खाब्रां सोमनायफोर आरो गुबुङै आसागुरफोर हानायखौ लाफानानै, सावस्रिया जोबोर गोनां। Paracetamol should be used to reduce fever. लोमजानाय खमायनो पेरासितामुल बाहायनांगौ। Acyclovir is the drug of choice for both Chicken Pox and Herpes Zoster. एसिक्लभिरा लोन्थि आरो हार्पिज झस्टार मोन्नैनिबो थाखाय सायखनायनि मुलि। The therapy should be started within 24 hours of the onset of the rash. रेछ जाजेन्नायनि 24 घन्टाफोरनि गेजेराव थेराफिखौ जागायनांगौ। In children 2 to 16 years of age, the oral dosage is 20 mg/kg, 4 times a day for 5 days (maximum of 800 mg 4 times a day). 2 निफ्राय 16 बोसोर बैसोनि गथ’फोरनियाव, खुगा फालिया 20 मि.ग्रा. /के.जि., 5 सानफोरनि थाखाय सानसेयाव 4 खेबफोर (बांसिनै 800 मि.ग्रा. सानसेयाव 4 खेबफोर)। Adolescents and adults can receive up to 800 mg 5 times a day. जौमोनफोर आरो बैसोगोराफोरा 800 मि.ग्रा.सिम सानसेयाव 5 खेबफोर लानो हायो। For Chicken Pox Pneumonia, intravenous Acyclovir or Vidarabine is of value, though excellent supportive nursing care is mandatory. लेन्थि निम’नियानि थाखाय, इनट्रेभिनास एसिक्ल’भिर एबा भिदाराबिना बेसेननि, थेवबो गोख्रोंसिन हेफाजाबारि सोखानायनि जोथोना बिथोनारि। In children, Chicken Pox has a very good prognosis. गथ’फोरनियाव, लोन्थि-बेरामहा मोनसे जोबोर मोजां इयुन-बुंनाय दङ। Once the diagnosis of malaria has been made on the basis of a positive blood smear or strong clinical suspicion, then treatment should be started without delay. खनसे मेलेरियानि डाइग’सिसखौ दाजाबारि थै नांलानाय एबा गोख्रों क्लिनिकारि सन्देहनि सायाव सोनारनानै खालामखांब्ला, अब्ला फोसाबथाया गोबाव-जायालासे जागायगोन। Chloroquine remains the mainstay in the treatment of malaria. मेलेरियानि फोसाबथायाव क्लर’कुइना गुबै-राहा जायो। The other drugs that are often used include Mefloquine, Tetracyclines, Primaquine, Pyrimethamine, Proguanil and Quinine. गुबुन मुलिफोर मेफ्ल’कुइन, टेट्रासाइक्लिनफोर, प्रिमाकुइन, पेरिमिथामिन, प्रगुवानिल आरो कुइनाइनखौ लाफानानै बेफोरखौ प्राय बाहायो। Newer drugs like Halofantrine, Artesunate and Qinghaosu are being used for cases of Chloroquine-resistant malaria. गोदानसिन मुलिफोर जेरै हेल’फेनट्रिन, आरतेसुनेट आरो किंहाउसुफोरा मेलेरिया होबथाग्रा-क्लर’कुइननि बिथिंफोरनि थाखाय बाहायजागासिनो। Except for the Falciparum malaria, patients who receive adequate treatment for the other forms, most often have an uneventful recovery. फालसिपेराम मेलेरियाखौ नागारनानै, बेरामिफोर जाय गुबुन महरफोरनि थाखाय थोजासे फोसाबथाय नाजावो, बांसिनहानो जाथायजों-आबुंनङै दिहुनफिन्नाय दङ। However, resistance to the conventional drugs is increasing and is a major cause for worry. अदेबानि, समाजारि मुलिफोराव होबथानाया बांबोदों आरो बेयो दुखुनि थाखाय गुबै जाउन। Cerebral malaria is a medical emergency and even with the best of treatment there is a substantial mortality rate. मेलेमारि मेलेरियाया मोनसे फाहामसालि गोनांसिनथार आरो फोसाबथायनि साबसिनजोंबो बेयाव थोजासे थैथाय बिबां दङ। A number of antibiotics are useful in the treatment of typhoid fever including quinolones, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole and beta-lactams. ताइफइड लोमजानायनि फोसाबथायाव कुइन’लनफोर, क्लरामफेनिकल, क-त्रिम’झाजल आरो बेता-लेकतामफोरखौ लाफानानै एन्टिबाय’टिकफोरनि गोबाङा बाहायथाव। Chloramphenicol given orally was the drug of choice. खुगायारि क्लरामफेनिकल होनाया सायख’नायनि मुलिमोन। With the development of resistance to chloramphenicol and subsequently to other drugs, quinolones are currently the treatment of choice. क्लरामफेनिकलखौ होबथानायनि जौगानायजों आरो फारियै गुबुन मुलिफोराव, कुइन’लनफोरा आथिखालै सायख’नायनि फोसाबथाय। Unfortunately, quinolones cannot be routinely used in children or pregnant women. खाफाल-मोन्दायै, गथफोर एबा दोर्सि आयजोफोरनियाव कुइन’लनफोरखौ मावफारिलायै बाहायनो हाया। Third generation cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone are often used. थामथि जोलै सेफालसप’रिन्स बिदिन्थि हिसाबै सेफट्रियाक्सनफोरखौ प्राय बाहायो। Without antibiotic therapy, fever and most symptoms resolve by the fourth week of infection in 90 percent of patients. एन्टिबाय’टिक थेराफि गैयालासै, बेरामिफोरनि 90 जौखोन्दो बारदेरनायनि ब्रैथि सप्थाहयाव लोमजानाय आरो बांसिन लैक्षोनफोरनि बोस्रांनाय। However, weakness, weight loss and debility may persist for months. अदेबानि, लोरबांथि, लेरथाय खमायनाय आरो लोरबाङा दानफोरसिम थानो हागौ। After appropriate treatment, fever usually resolves in three to five days. नांगौ-बादि फोसाबथायनि उनाव, सरासनस्रायै लोमजानाया थामनिफ्राय बा सानफोराव जोबस्रङो। One to four percent of individuals become chronic carriers and excrete Salmonella in stool and urine for up to a year. गावारिफोरनि सेनिफ्राय ब्रै जौखोन्दोआ बोसोरसे-हालागै खिनाय आरो हासुनायाव जोरथायारि दैबायो आरो सालम’नेला एंगारो। Prolonged administration of antibiotics is required to eradicate the carrier state. एन्टिबाय’टिकफोरनि गोबाव सामलायथाया दैबायग्रा गथायनायखौ फोजोबस्रांनो नांगौ। There is no cure for mumps, so treatment deals solely with the symptoms. बेयाव गाल्थावनि थाखाय सोखानाय गैया, बेनिखायनो फोसाबथायखौ लैक्षोनफोरजों गोख्रोङै दैदेनो। Your body heals itself by producing antibodies to the virus, which provides immunity for the rest of your life. नोंनि मोदोमा भाइरासाव गावनो-गाव एन्टिबदिफोर दिहुननानै सोखायो, जाया नोंनि जिउनि थाबावनायनि थाखाय होबथायारि जगायो। Repeat infection is very rare, although no immunisation is 100% effective. होबथाथाय-गैयैया 100% गोहोम-गोनांब्लाबो, बारदेरनाय जाफिननाया जोबोर खम। However, all the vaccines in the UK immunisation programme offer substantial protection. अदेबानि, इउ.के. होबथाथाय फारिलायाव गासै फेक्सिनफोरा थोजासे होबथाथाय जगायो। If you have mumps, you should drink plenty of cool fluids, especially water, but you should avoid drinking fruit juice because it stimulates saliva production, which can be painful. नोंहा गाल्थाव दङब्ला, नों थोजासे गुसु मुवाफोर जर’खायै दै लोंनांगौ, नाथाय नों फिथाय बिदै लोंनायखौ नागारनांगौ, मानोना बे खुदै दिहुन्थाय खालामो, जाय गिथाव जानो हायो। A mild painkiller, such as ibuprofen, or paracetamol, will help to reduce your pain and ease a mild fever. मोनसे थोजासे सानाय-होखारग्रा, बिदिन्थि हिसाबै आइबिअप्रफेन एबा पेरासितामुला नोंनि सानायखौ खमायनो हेफाजाब आरो खम लोमजानायनि रेहाय होगोन। However, children 16 years of age, or younger, should not be given aspirin. अदेबानि, 16 बोसोर बैसोनि गथ’फोर, एबा लायमोनफोरा एसपिरिन होजानो नाङा। It may also be soothing to hold a warm flannel against your swollen glands. बेयो नोंनि बुगानाय ग्लेन्दनि हेंथायै मोनसे गुरै गुदुं मोननो सैथोबो जानो हागौ। Adolescent boys and men who have severe inflammation of the testes (orchitis) may be prescribed a stronger painkiller, or steroid drugs called corticosteroids. तेसटिस (अरसितिस) नि गोख्रों मोन्दांथि थानाय लायमोन हौवासाफोर आरो सुबुंफोरनो गोख्रोंसिन सानाय-होबथाग्रा एबा करटिकसतेरइद बुंनाय स्टेरइद मुलिफोर बोसोन्थिनोबो हागौ। Polio can normally be diagnosed by the symptoms, although this may be more difficult if someone has a mild case of the illness. सरासनस्रायै पलिय’आ सोरहाबा लोमजानायनि नोरोम बिथिं दंब्ला, बेयो जोबोर गोब्राबब्लाबो लैक्षोनफोरजों सिनायथि जायो। To confirm a diagnosis of polio, a sample of saliva, or stools, can be taken and tested for the polio virus in a laboratory. पलिअनि सिनायथिनायखौ फोरमान-खालामनो, सालिभा एबा ष्टुलफोरनि मोनसे नमुना लानो आरो आनजादसालियाव पलिअ भाइरासनि थाखाय आनजाद-लानो हायो। In some cases, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid is taken and tested for the virus. माखासे बिथिङाव, सेरेब्र’स्पिनेल दैबादिनि नमुनाखौ लायो आरो भाइरासनि थाखाय आनजाद-लायो। Cerebrospinal fluid is the liquid substance that surrounds and protects the brain and the spinal cord. सेरेब्र’स्पिनेल दैबादिया मेलेम आरो स्पिनेल कर्दखौ सोरगिदिंनाय आरो रैखाथिनाय लाव-लाव मुवा। There are no definitive tests to confirm a diagnosis of post-polio syndrome. बेयाव उन-पलिअ लैक्षोननि सिनायथिनाय फोरमान-खालामनो सिमा-गोनां आनजाद-नायनाय गैया। Your GP will normally make a diagnosis by looking at your medical history, and by carrying out a physical examination. सरासनस्रायै नोंनि जि.पि.आ नोंनि फाहामसालियारि जारिमिनाव नायनायजों आरो मोनसे सावस्रियारि आनजाद-लाथाय लाबोनायजों मोनसे सिनायथिनाय खालामगोन। Those with post-polio syndrome will have had a long period without symptoms following the initial attack from the virus (usually between 10-40 years). उन-पलिअ लैक्षोन गोनां बैफोरो भाइरासनिफ्राय गिबि नाख्रेबनायखौ उनसंनानै लैक्षोनफोर गैयालासै गोबाव समफारि-हालागै थागोन (सरासनस्रायै 10-40 बोसोरफोरनि गेजेराव)। Your GP will also ask you when you first noticed your symptoms, as the symptoms of post-polio tend to develop gradually. नोंनि जि.पि.याबो नोंखौ सोंगोन, नोंनि लैक्षोनफोरखौ नों माब्ला नुदोंमोन, मानोना उन-पलिअनि लैक्षोनफोरा फारियै जौगानो नागिरो। Therefore, if your symptoms appeared very suddenly, it may be a sign that they are being caused by a different condition. बिनिखायनो, नोंनि लैक्षोनफोरा जोबोर हरखाबै नुजायोब्ला, बेफोरो गुबुन गुबुन थासारिजों जानाय मोनसे दिन्थि जानो हागौ। As the symptoms of post-polio syndrome are very similar to a number of other conditions, such as arthritis, your GP will be looking to rule out any other possible causes of your illness. मानोना उन-पलिअ लैक्षोनफोरनि लैक्षोनफोरा गुबुन थासारिफोरनि रुजुनायाव जोबोर रोखोमसे, बिदिन्थि हिसाबै आरथ्रिटिस, नोंनि जि.पि.आ नोंनि बेरामनि जायखि-जाया गुबुन जाथाव जाउनफोरखौ दिहुननो नायगोन। This may mean that you have to undergo a series of tests, or procedures, depending on what your GP suspects could be causing your illness. बेयो फोरमायनो हागौ दि नोंनि जि.पि.या नोंनि बेरामनि मा सन्देह-खालामनायाव सोनारनानै, नों आनजाद-लानाय एबा फारि-खान्थिफोरनि फारिफोरखौ सहायनांगौ। For example, you will need to have a blood test. बिदिन्थि हिसाबै, नों थै आनजाद लानांगोन। Someone with post-polio syndrome will usually have normal blood test results. उन-पलिअ लैक्षोनफोर गोनां सोरबाया सरासनस्रायै सरासनस्रा थै आनजादनि फिन्नायफोर मोनगोन। However, if your blood test result is abnormal, it is strong indication that your symptoms are being caused by a different condition. अदेबानि, नोंनि थै आनजादनि फिन्नाया थि-नङैब्ला, बे नोंनि लैक्षोनफोरा गुबुन गुबुन थासारिजों जानाय गोख्रों दिन्थिथाय। People with polio are normally advised to have strict bed rest for a few days, even if it is a mild case of the illness. सरासनस्रायै पलिअ गोनां सुबुंफोरखौ खम सानफोरनि थाखाय, बेयो लोमजानायनि खम बिथिंब्लाबो गोख्रों बैसां जिरायनाय लानो बोसोन्थियो। Analagesics (also known as painkillers), such as paracetamol, can be prescribed to help ease the pain of a headache, sore throat, and neck and back stiffness. एनालाजिसिकफोर (सानाय-होबथाग्रा हिसाबैबो मिथिजानाय), दिन्थि हिसाबै पेरासितामुलखौ खर’सानाय, गारामा सानाय, आरो गोदोना आरो बिखुं-फदबनो-हायैनि सानायखौ खमायनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो बोसोन्थिनो हायो। If someone with polio has constipation, laxatives can be prescribed to help them pass stools (faeces) more easily. सोरबा पलिअ गोनाङा खि-गोरा जायोब्ला, बिसोरनि मैलाफोर (खिफोर) खौ बांसिन गोर्लैयै गहोनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो लाकझातिभफोरखौ बोसोन्थिनो हायो। They will also be advised to eat a diet which is high in fibre because this helps to soften stools and make them easier to pass. बिसोरखौ मोनसे जाग्रा जानो बोसोन्थिगोनबो, जाया बेजेयाव गोबां मानोना बे मैलाफोर रुइहोसिन्नो हेफाजाब-होयो आरो बेफोरखौ गहोनो गोर्लैसिन खालामो। Someone with a severe case of polio, or paralytic polio, should always be treated in hospital. सोरबा पलिअनि गोख्रों बिथिं एबा पारालाइतिक पलिअ गोनाङा जेब्लायबो फाहामसालियाव फोसाब-जानांगौ। If a person with polio is having difficulty breathing because their breathing muscles have been damaged by the virus, they may have to be placed on a ventilator. सोरबा पलिअ गोनां सुबुङा बिसोरनि हां-लानाय मोदोम-गेहेनफोरा भाइरासजों गाज्रि-जानायनि थाखाय हां-लानाय गोब्राबथि दंब्ला, बिसोरखौ भेनटिलेटराव लाखिनो हागौ। A ventilator is an artificial breathing machine which moves air in and out of the lungs. भेन्टिलेटरा मोनसे बानायारि हां-लानाय दाजेम जाय गारामाजों बार हाबहोयो आरो दिहुनो। If the breathing muscles are able to repair themselves, the patient should be able to be removed from the ventilator. हां-लानाय मोदोम-गेहेनफोरा गावसोरखौनो फोसाबफिन्नो हायोब्ला, बेरामिया भेन्टिलेटरनिफ्राय जानगारनो हागौ। If a person's muscles have been damaged, or paralysed, as a result of polio, they will usually be referred for physiotherapy and occupational therapy in order to help improve their mobility and independence. सुबुंनि मोदोम-गेहेनफोरा पलिअनि फिन्नाय हिसाबै गाज्रि एबा थर-गैयै जाबायब्ला, सरासनस्रायै बिसोरखौ बिसोरनि सोमावनाय आरो उदांथि जौगाहोनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो थाखाय फिजिअथेराफि आरो जिउ-राहायारि थेराफिनि थाखाय हरगोन। Physiotherapy uses a range of treatments, such as massage, exercise and hydrotherapy, to help improve your ability to use the parts of your body which have been affected by the virus. फिजिअथेराफिया फोसाबथायफोरनि मोनसे फारि बाहायो, दिन्थि हिसाबै भाइरासजों गाग्लोब-जानाय नोंनि मोदोमनि बाहागोफोरखौ बाहायनो नोंनि हारोंथि जौगाहोनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो मालिस, बियाम आरो हाइद्र’थेराफि। An occupational therapist provides you with practical support to help make everyday tasks and activities easier to manage. सासे जिउ-राहायारि थेराफिगिरिया सानफ्रोमबोनि मावथांखिफोर आरो खामानिफोर सामलायनो गोर्लैसिन खालामनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो नोंनो मोख्थाङारि हेफाजाबजों जगायो। The aim of occupational therapy is to get you to live as independently as possible. जिउ-राहायारि थेराफिनि थांखिया जेसेबां हागौ एसेबां जाथावै उदाङै थांना-थानायखौ नोंनो मोनहोनाय। As with polio, there is no specific medicine, or treatment, which can cure post-polio syndrome. पलिअ गोनां हिसाबै, जाय उन-पलिअ लैक्षोनखौ सोखानो हानाय, बेयाव एखुथा दाजेम एबा फोसाबथाय गैया। Instead, the condition can be managed, and your symptoms eased, to help minimise the impact of the condition on your daily life. नोंनि थासारिखौ सामलायनो आरो लैक्षोनफोरखौ खमायनायनि सोलाय, नोंनि सानफ्रोमबोनि जिवाव थासारिनि नारसिन्थायखौ खमायनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो हायो। With tetanus, it is standard practice (if the wound is large) to remove as much of the damaged and contaminated muscle as possible using a surgical process called debridement. बेयो टिटानासजों (गाराया गेदेरब्ला) दिब्रेदमेन्ट बुंनाय मोनसे हाखावारि फारि-खान्थि बाहायनानै जेसेबां हाथाव गाज्रि-जानाय आरो मैला-जानाय मोदोम-गेहेननि गोबांखौ बोखारनाय मान-गोनां खामानि। This will limit the amount of the poison tetanospasmin toxin that can be produced. बेयो दिहुन्नो हानाय टिटानसपासमिन तक्सिन बिषनि बिबांखौ सिमा-गोनां खालामगोन। Where tetanus has become established, antibodies are used to work against the poison (known as tetanus antitoxins). जेराव टिटानासा गायसन-जानाय जाबाय, एन्टिबदिफोरा बिषनि (टिटानास एन्टिदक्सिनफोर हिसाबै मिथि-जानाय) हेंथायै खामानि मावनो हमो। Large doses of antibiotic drugs (such as metronidazole) should also be given once tetanus is suspected. खनसे टिटानासा सन्देह-खालाम जायोब्ला, एन्टिबाय’टिक मुलिफोर (दिन्थि हिसाबै मेट्रनायदजल) नि गोबां फालिफोराबो होजानांगौ। The drug diazepam (given directly into a vein) can control the muscle spasms. मुलि दायाजापामा (थोंजोङै रोदायाव होनाय) मोदोम-गेहेननि रोदा-थन्थ्रनायखौ दबथायनो हायो। In extreme cases it may be necessary to paralyse the individual with curare (a naturally occurring substance) and use a machine to keep the person breathing. बांद्राय बिथिंफोराव गावारिखौ किउरेर (मिथिंगायारियै जानाय मुवा) जों बे थर-गैयै खालामनो आरो सुबुंखौ हां-लाहोनो मोनसे दाजेम बाहायनो गोनांथार जानो हागौ। In order to survive tetanus, it is essential that breathing and nutrition are carefully maintained. टिटानासखौ थावरिहोनो, बे हां-लानाय आरो पुष्टिफोरखौ जोथोनै सामलायनाया गोनांथार। An intake of 3500-4000 calories, with at least 100g of protein, is often taken in liquid form through a tube directly into the stomach, or through a drip into a vein. खमैबो प्रटिननि 100 ग्रा.जों, 3500-4000 केल’रिफोरनि मोनसे जानायखौ बान्दाराव थोंजोङै गंसे हासुंनि गेजेरजों एबा थै-रोदायाव थरथिंनि गेजेरजों लाव-लाव महराव प्राय लायो। You can normally treat the symptoms of a common cold at home. सरासनस्रायै नों सरासनस्रा गुसुनि लैक्षोनफोरखौ न’आव फोसाबनो हायो। There is no cure for a cold and antibiotics are not prescribed because antibiotics do not work against viruses. बेयाव गुसु आरो एन्टिबाय’टिकफोरनि थाखाय सोखानाय गैयैखौ बोसोन्थिया मानोना एन्टिबाय’टिकफोरा भाइरासफोरनि हेंथायै खामानि मावा। An exception may be if your cold leads to complications such as sinusitis, ear infection, or tonsillitis, or if you have chronic bronchitis. नोंनि गुसुआ गुलाय-गुजायफोर दिन्थि हिसाबै सिनुसितिस, खोमा बारदेरथाय, एबा तनसिलसिम लाङोब्ला एबा नोंहा क्रनिक ब्रनसिटिस दंब्ला, मोनसे अजद जानो हागौ। In these cases, your GP may prescribe you antibiotics. बैपोर बिथिङाव, नोंनि जि.पि.आ नोंनो एन्टिबाय’टिकफोर बोसोन्थिनो हागौ। Steam inhalation involves sitting with your head over a bowl of hot water. खफ’आव हां-लानाया गुदुं दैनि गामला सायाव नोंनि खर’ लाखिनायखौ लाफायो। You should place a towel over your head, close your eyes and try to breathe deeply. नों नोंनि खर’नि सायाव गांसे टावेल लाखि नांगौ, नोंनि मेगनखौ मेसेब आरो गोलावै हां-लानो नाजा। The steam may help to ease your congestion, by loosening mucus and making it easier to clear by blowing your nose. खफ’आ गुंग्रायखौ गुरै खालामना आरो बेखौ नोंनि गन्थंजों रोखा खालामनो गोर्लैसिन खालामनानै गहोनायजों, नोंनि नांथानायखौ रेहाय-होनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो हागौ। If they are added to the water, some ingredients - such as menthol, eucalyptus, camphor, thymol or pine oil - can make it feel as if the passageways in your nose are clearing. बिसोरो दैयाव माखासे मुवाफोर दिन्थि हिसाबै – मेन्थल, इउक्लिपटास, केम्फर, थिमल एबा पाइन थाव - दाजाबदेरोब्ला, नोंनि गन्थंनि गुरुंफोरा रोखा जायोब्ला, बेखौ मोन्दांनो हायो। You should take care to avoid getting steam in your eyes as this can burn. नों नोंनि मेगनाव खफ’ नांनायखौ नेवसिनो जोथोन लानांगौ, मानोना बे खामहोनो हायो। Steam inhalation is not advised for children because of the risk of scalding. दै-खफ’ सुरुबनाया खामग्लाबनायनि गिथावनानि जाहोनाव खुदियानि थाखाय बोसोन-होजाया। Instead, a child may benefit from sitting in a hot, steamy bathroom. बदलाव, सासे खुदियाया गुदुं, दुंब्रुद दुगैग्रा-खथायाव जनायनिफ्राय मुलाम्फा-जानो हागौ। This type of medicine can be taken by mouth (oral decongestants) or used as a spray in your nose (nasal decongestants). बे रोखोमनि मुलैया खुगाजों (खुगायारि नारथेयिफोर) आजावजानो हायो एबा नोंनि गनथंआव (गनथङारि नारथेयि) सारदलानाय महरै बाहायजायो। They work by reducing the swelling in the passageways of your nose and help to ease breathing. बेफोर नोंनि गनथंनि हाबनाय-लामाफोराव बुनायखौ खमायनानै खामानि-मावो आरो आरो माहि हां-लानो हेफाजाब-होयो। There is limited evidence to show how effective decongestants are, and this type of medicine may therefore only provide symptom relief for some people. गोहोम-गोनां ज’जायिफोरा माबोरै दिनथिनो खम फोरमान दं आरो बे रोखोमनि मुलैया बेखायनो माखासे सुबुंनि थाखायल’ रैखा-मोननाय लैखोनफोर जगायो। When decongestants do work, they often only ease symptoms for a very short period of time. जेब्ला ज-जायिफोरा खामानि मावो, बेफोर जोबोद खम समफारिनि थाखाय गेजेर-गेजेरल’ लैखोनफोरखौ बोखारो। However, decongestants are a safe form of treatment, and rarely cause any serious side effects. होमब्लाबो, ज-जायिया सिकितसानि रैखाथि महर, आरो खमथारै जायखि-जाया गोमजोर उफेरा बिजाउनफोर सोमजिहोयो। If you use nasal decongestants very frequently, or for an extended period of time, then you may end up worsening your congestion. नों जोबोर गले-गलेयै एबा मोनसे बारायनाय समफारिनि थाखाय गनथङारि नांथेयिफोर बाहायोब्ला, अब्ला नों नोंनि गाज्रिसिन नांथेनायखौ फोजोबनो हागौ। You should also make sure that you do not give any form of oral decongestant to a child under two years of age, as it may cause adverse side effects. नों रोखा जानांगोनदि नों नै बोसोरनि सिंनि खुदियानो खुगायारि ज’-जायिनि जायखि-जाया महर होआ, मानोना सोलायाव बेयो उफेरा बिजाउन सोमजिहोनो हागौ। Oral decongestants can cause a rise in blood pressure and heart rate, leading to a feeling of being more alert. खुगायारि ज’-जायिफोरा बांसिन सांग्रांथिनि मोनदांथि सोमजिहोनाय, थै नारथाय आरो मैखुन हाराव बांनाय सोमजिहोन हायो। Therefore if you take over the counter decongestants at bedtime, you may have problems sleeping at night. बेखायनो उनदुनो-समाव नों हेंथा ज’जायि नाजावोब्ला, हराव उनदुनायाव नों जेंना मोननो हागौ। Oral decongestants such as pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine and phenylephrine are used in many over-the-counter cold remedies. खुगायारि ज’-जायिफोर जेरै बादि सिउद’इफारद्रिन, फेनिलप्रपानलामाइन आरो फेनिलिप्राइना गोबां एरैनो फानजानाय गगा-मोननाय फाहामथायफोराव बाहायजायो। Oral decongestants may interact with some antidepressants and beta-blockers. खुगायारि If you are taking either of these medicines you should check with your GP or pharmacist before taking oral decongestants. जुदि नों बैफोर मुलैफोरनि मोननैखौबो लागासिनो दं खुगायारि नांथेयिफोर आजावनायनि आगोल नों नोंनि जि पि एबा फारमासिस्तजों नायसंजानांगौ। If you have high blood pressure, heart problems or glaucoma you should also check with your GP before using an oral decongestant. जुजि नोंहा गोजौ थै नारथाय, मैखुन जेंनाफोर एबा ग्लकमा दं नों मोनसे खुगायारि नांथेयिफोर बाहायनायनि आगोल नोंनि जि पि जोंबो नायसंजानांगौ। Nasal decongestants work specifically on the nose and are usually safe for adults and older children to use. गनथङारि नांथेयिफोरा जर’खायै गनथङाव खामानि-मावो आरो बैसो-गोराफोर एबा देरसिन खुदियाफोरनो बाहायनो सरासनस्रायै रैखागोनां। Nasal decongestants such as oxymetazoline, xylometazoline, phenylephrine and ephedrine are applied directly to the inside of the nose. गनथङारि नांथेयिफोर जेरैबादि अक्सिमेताजलिन, जायलमेताजलिन, फेनिलेप्रिन आरो इफारदिनफोरा थोंजोङै गनथंनि इसिङाव बाहायजायो। They are available as nose drops or sprays. बेफोरो गनथं द्रपफोर एबा सारदलानायफोर महरै मोननो-हाथाव। Nasal decongestants should not used for more than 5-7 days as using them for longer than this can actually make your congestion worse. गनथङारि नांथेयिफोरा 5-7 सानफोरनिख्रुय बांसिननि थाखाय बाहायजानाङा मानोना बेनिख्रुय बांसिन गोबावनि थाखाय बेफोरखौ बाहायनाया नोंनि नांथेनायखौ थारैनो गाज्रिसिन खालाम हायो। If you are taking a type of antidepressant called a monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or MAOI, you should not use nasal decongestants. नों जुदि हेंथा-सिनथानि मनएमिनि अक्सिदेस इनहिबितरफोर, एबा एम ए अ आइ बुंनाय मोनसे रोखोम लागासिनो दं, नों गनथङारि नांथेयिफोर बाहायनो नाङा। Babies may find feeding difficult if they have a blocked nose. गथ’फोरा आहार-जानो गोब्राब मोननो हायो जुदि बिसोर गनथं नारथेनाय मोन। Saline (salt water) nose drops can help if used just before feeding. सेलाइन (संख्रि दै) गनथं द्रपफोरा हेफाजाब-होनो हायो जुदि आहार जानायनि आगोलल’ बाहायजायो। If this does not work, ephedrine nose drops can be bought over-the-counter at the pharmacist for babies over 3 months. जुदि बे फालिया खामानि-मावा, एफारद्रिन गनथं द्रपफोरा फारमासियाव एरैनो-बायजानायै 3 दानफोरनि सानि गथ’फोरनि थाखाय बायजानो हायो। These should not be used for more than 3-4 days and there is little evidence that they are better than saline drops on their own. बेफोर 3-4 सानफोरनिख्रुय बांसिननि थाखाय बाहायजानाङा आरो बेहाय एसले’ फोरमान दंदि बेफोर बिफोरनि गावनियावनो सेलाइन द्रपनिख्रुय साबसिन। Paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin can reduce fever and act as painkillers (for children use children's liquid paracetamol). पेरासितामल, इबुप्रफेन एबा एस्पिरिना लोमजानायखौ खमायनो हायो आरो सानाय-सिथारग्राफोर महरै खामानि-मावो (खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय खुदियानि लाव-लाव पेरासितामल बाहाय)। You should always follow the manufacturer's instructions for the correct dose. नों जेब्लाबो थार फालिनि थाखाय बानायगिरिनि फोरोंथायफोरखौ उनसंनांगौ। You should not take ibuprofen if you have a history of stomach ulcer, indigestion, asthma, or kidney disease. नोंहा जुदि उदै आलौनाय, दोगोन-जायि, जखमा, एबा किदनि बेरामफोरनि जारिमिन दं नों इबुप्रफेन आजावनाङा। Aspirin should not be taken by children under 16 years of age or women who are breastfeeding. 16 बोसोरफोरनि सिंनि खुदियाफोर एबा आयजोफोर जाय आहार-दौग्राफोरा एस्पिरिना आजावजानो नाङा। If painkillers are considered essential during pregnancy, then paracetamol is the painkiller of choice for the short-term relief of mild-moderate pain and fever during pregnancy. जुदि दोरसिनि समाव सानाय-सिथारग्राफोरा गोनांथार गनायजायो, अब्ला पेरासितामला गेजेर-जखानि सानाय आरो दोरसि समाव लोमजानायनि खम-सम रैखाथिनि थाखाय सायख’थाव सानाय-सिथारग्रा। If a short-term painkiller is required in the first 30 weeks of pregnancy, then ibuprofen could be taken. जुदि खम-सम सानाय-सिथारग्राया दोरसिन गिबि 30 हाबथाफोराव गोनां-जायो, अब्ला इबुप्रफेना आजावजानो हायो। As with any medicine used during pregnancy, ibuprofen should be taken at the lowest effective dose for the shortest time necessary. दोरसिनि समाव जायखि-जाय मुलैजों बाहायनाय महरै, इबुप्रफेना गुसुंसिनथार समनि गोनांथिनि थाखाय खमसिनथार गोहोम-गोनां फालियाव आजावजानांगौ। Use of ibuprofen during the third trimester is not recommended, unless treatment is under medical supervision. सिकितसाया मेदिकेल नायगिदिंथिनि सिङाव नङागौमानि थामथि थाम-दाननि समाव इबुप्रफेननि बाहायनाया गनायजाथाव नङा। Ibuprofen and paracetamol can be taken alternately over the course of a day as long as you do not exceed their maximum dose for each. इबुप्रफेन आरो पेरासितामला सोलायाव नों मोनफ्रोमनि थाखाय बिफोरनि बांसिन फालिखौ बांद्रायहैयाजासिम सानसेनि फारियाव आजावजानो हायो। However, children must not be given both ibuprofen and paracetamol. होमब्लाबो, खुदियाफोरा इबुप्रफेन आरो पेरासितामल मोननैखौबो होजाथारनाङा। You must either use one or the other. नों मोनसेखौ नङाब्ला गुबुन-मोनसेखौ बाहायथारनांगोन। Using both could cause adverse side effects. मोननैखौबो बाहायनाया उलथायै उफेरा बिजाउनफोर सोमजिहोनो हायो। Paracetamol, ibuprofen and aspirin are also included in some over-the-counter cold medicines with other ingredients. पेरासितामल, इबुप्रफेन आरो एसपिरिनफोराबो गुबुन थाफादेरफोरजों लोगोसे माखासे एरैनो बायनाय गगा-मोननाय मुलैफोराव लाफाजायो। You should check with a pharmacist or your GP before taking a cold remedy if you are taking any other painkillers. मोनसे गगा-मोननाय फाहामनाय आजावनायनि आगोल नों सासे फारमासिस्त एबा जि पि जों नायसंजानांगौ जुदि नों जायखि-जाया गुबुन सानाय-होखारग्राफोर आजावगासिनो दं। Throat lozengers containing flurbiprofen have been shown to relieve the symptoms of sore throat that may be associated with a cold. फ्लुरबिप्रफेन थाफानाय गोदोनानि मुलै-होग्राफोरा गोदोना सानायनि लैखोनफोरखौ रैखा-मोनहोनाय नुजाबाय जाय गगा-मोननायजों सोमोनदो-गोनां। For fever, sore throat and headache, many people turn to acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or other mild pain relievers. अरायनि थाखाय गोदोना सानाय आरो खर’सानाय गोबां सुबुंफोरा एसेतामिनफेन (ताइलेनल, गुबुनफोर) एबा गुबुन गेजेर-जखानि सानाय रैखा-होग्राफोरसिम बारस्लायो। Keep in mind that acetaminophen can cause liver damage, especially if taken frequently or in larger than recommended doses. गोसोआव ला दि एसेतामिनफेना बिखा गाज्रि-जानाय सोमजिहोनो हायो, जर’खायै गले-गलेयै एबा गनायजाथाव फालिनिख्रुय बांसिनै लाजायोब्ला। Be especially careful when giving acetaminophen to children because the dosing guidelines can be confusing. जर’खायै सांग्रां जा जेब्ला खुदियाफोरनि एसेतामिनफेन होयो मानोना जाहोनाय बिथोन-फारिफोरा गोनो-गोथो जानो हायो। For instance, the infant-drop formulation is much more concentrated than the syrup commonly used in older children. बिदिन्थि बादियै, गोरलै-द्रप बानायनाय-आदबा गेदेरसिन खुदियानियाव सरासनस्रायै बाहायनाय सिरापनिख्रुय गोबां बांसिन गोसो-होजायो। It has been associated with Reye's syndrome - a rare but potentially fatal illness. बेयो रायनि लैखोनजों सोमोनदो-खालामजाबाय – मोनसे आगोमा नाथाय जाथावनायै फोथैग्रा लोमजानाय। An abnormal chest X-ray may be suggestive of tuberculosis but the diagnosis can only be confirmed by identifying the TB germ in specimens taken from the patient such as the sputum (phlegm). मोनसे सरासनस्रा-नङि जेरबा एक्स-रेया तिउबारकुलसिसनि थाखाय बोसोन-होथाव नाथाय बेरामिनिफ्राय लानाय दिन्थिनेरसोनफोर जेरै बादि स्पुताम (फ्लेगम) आव ति बि बिजानु सिनायनायजोंल’ थि-जानो हायो। Tuberculosis is treated with antituberculous drugs in combination, for at least six months. तिउबारकुलसिसा खमैबो द’दानफोरनि थाखाय जथायै हेंथा-तिउबारकुलसिस मुलैफोरजों जोथोन-लाजायो। However, you usually will start to feel better within 2-4 weeks of starting medication. होमब्लाबो, सरासनस्रायै नों मुलै-जानाय जागायनायनि 2-4 हाबथाफोरनि गेजेराव साबसिन मोननो जागायगोन। Treatment normally consists of a combination of antibiotics. सरासनस्रायै सिकितसाया एन्तिबायतिक्सनि जथायखौ लाफायो। The standard treatment involves Isoniazid and Rifampicin being given for at least six months. मानथाय-गोनां सिकितसाया खमैबो द’ दानफोरनि थाखाय होजानाय इसनियाजिद आरो रिफामपिसिनखौ लाफायो। In addition, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol are also given for the first two months of treatment. दाजाबदारथियाव, पिराजिनामाइद आरो इथामबुतलफोरा सिकितसानि गिबि नै दानफोरनि थाखाय हाजायो। Rifabutin, Cycloserine, Capreomycin and Streptomycin can also be used in the treatment of TB if drug resistance has been shown to be present It is vital to complete the course of drugs as directed. रिफाबुतिन, साइक्लसेरिन, केप्रियमाइसिन आरो स्त्रेपतमाइसिनाबो ति बि नि सिकितसायाव बाहायजानो हायो जुदि मुलै होबथानाया थानाय दिनथिजाबायब्ला, मुलैफोरनि फालिखौ बिथोननाय बादि फोजोबनाया गोनांथार। If this is not done, the bacteria will not be completely gone and drug-resistant strains may develop. जुदि बेयो मावजाया, बेक्तेरियाया आबुङै थांनाय नङा आरो मुलै-होबथा गोख्रोंथिया जौगानो हागौ। Drug-resistant strains of the bacteria have become an increasing problem. बेक्तेरियानि मुलै-होबथा गोख्रोंथिफोरा मोनसे बांनाय जेंना जाबाय। The last decade has seen the spread of drug-resistant strains of the TB bacteria. थांनाय जिथायखौ ति बि मुलै-होबथा गोख्रोंथिफोरनि गोसारनाय नुबाय। Some strains are now resistant to the two leading drugs, Isoniazid and Rifampicin - this is defined as multi-drug resistance (MDR). माखासे गोख्रोंथिफोरा दा मोननै जौगाफुनाय मुलैफोर, इसनियाजिद आरो रिफामपिसिनसिम हेंथा- बेखौ बां-मुलै-हेंथा (एम दि आर) महरै बुंफुरलुनाय जायो। Tests are not normally needed to diagnose chickenpox, because an initial mild fever followed by a rash, blisters and scabs are very characteristic. लोन्थि-बेरनाय लैखोन-संनो सरासनस्रायै आनजादफोरा गोनां नङा, मानोना जाहाबनाय, बुदबनायफोर आरो फाफ्रे-जानायजों उनसंजानाय मोनसे जागायनाय गेजेर-जखानि लोमजानाया गुबै आखु। Chickenpox is usually easy to distinguish from other rashes. लोनथि-ओंखारनायखौ गुबुन गोजा-सिथरफोरनिफ्राय फाराग-खालामनो गोरलै। Occasionally it can be confused with other conditions which affect the skin, such as insect bites or scabies. सम-समै बेयो गुबुन थासारिफोरजों गोनो-गोथो जाहोनो हायो जाय बिगुरखौ गोहोम-खोख्लैयो, जेरै-बादि एम्फौ अरनाय एबा फाफ्रे-जानायफोर। If there is any uncertainty as to what is causing your or your child's symptoms, a simple blood test can be carried out to identify the virus. माया नोंनि एबा नोंनि खुदियानि लैखोनफोरखौ सोमजिहोगासिनो दं हिसाबै जायखि-जाया रोखा-नङि दंब्ला, मोनसे गोरलै थै आनजादा भाइरासखौ सिनायनो खालामजानो हायो। If you are pregnant, breastfeeding or have a weakened immune system you are more at risk of developing complications. नों जुदि दोरसि, आहार-दौनाय एबा लोरबां होबथा बिखानथि दं नों जेथोफोर जौगानायनि बांसिन खैफोदाव दं। Babies less than four weeks of age are also at risk. ब्रै हाबथाफोरनिख्रुय खम बैसोनि गथ’फोराबो खैफोदाव दं। If you fall into one of these groups and have been in contact with someone with chickenpox, or you suspect you, or your child may have developed the condition, then you should visit your GP straight away. जुदि नों बेफोर हानजाफोरनि मोनसेयाव गोग्लैयो आरो लोनथि-बेरनाय गोनां सोरजोंबा सोमोनदो जाबाय, एबा नों नोंखौ सनदेह-खालामो, एबा नोंनि खुदियाया थासारिखौ जौगाहोनो हागौ, अब्ला नों थोंजों नोंनि जि पि सिम थांनांगौ। You may require some tests to establish your immunity to the condition. थासारिसिम नोंनि हेंथाखौ गायसननो नों माखासे आनजाफोर गोनां जानो हागौ। If you have had chickenpox in the past, then it is extremely unlikely that you will contract chickenpox for a second time. नों गोदोआव लोनथि-बेरनाय मोनदोंमोनब्ला, अब्ला बेयो जोबोरैनो जाथावि दि नों नैथि खेबनि थाखाय लोनथि-बेरनायखौ खमायगोन। If you know you have never had chickenpox, or you are unsure whether you have, then you may need a blood test to check to see whether you are producing the antibodies which protect the body from the chickenpox virus. नों मिथियोब्ला नों माब्लाबाबो लोनथि-बेरनाय मोनाखैमोन, एबा नोंहा दंना गैया नों रोखा-नङा, अब्ला नों हेंथा-देहाफोर सोरजिगासिनो दंना गैया नायनो आनजाद-संनो मोनसे थै आनजाद गोनां जानो हागौ जाय देहाखौ लोनथि-बेरनाय भाइरासनिफ्राय रैखा-होगोन। If your blood test result shows that you do have the antibodies, then you will naturally be protected from the virus. जुदि नोंनि थै आनजाद फिथाइया दिनथियो दि नोंहा हेंथा-देहाफोर दं, अब्ला नों मिथिंगायारियै भाइरासनिफ्राय रैखाथिजागोन। If you do not have the antibodies, then you will require close monitoring, in case symptoms develop. जुदि नोंहा हेंथा-देहाफोर गैया, लैखोनफोर जौगानायनि बेलायाव नोंहा अब्ला खाथि नुसारहोनायनि गोनां जागोन। There is no cure for chickenpox, and the virus usually clears up by itself, even without any treatment. लोनथि-बेरनायनि थाखाय जेबो फाहामथाय गैया, आरो भाइरासा जेबो सिकितसा गैयालासेबो सरासनस्रायै गावनो-गाव गैया-जायो। However, there are some things you can do to help ease the symptoms. होमब्लाबो, लैखोनफोरखौ होखारनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो नों मावनो हानाय माखासे जिरादफोर दं। If you or your child is in pain, or has a fever, then you can give them a mild painkiller, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen. जुदि नों एबा नोंनि गथ’हा सानाय दं, एबा लोमजानाय दं, अब्ला नों बिसोरनो गेजेर-जखानि सानाय-होखारग्रा होनो हायो, जेरै बादि पेरासितामल एबा इबुप्रफेन। Liquid, sugar-free paracetamol should be given to children under the age of 12. लाव-लाव, सिनि-उदां पेरासितामला 12 बोसोर-बैसोनि सिंनि खुदियाफोरनो होजानांगौ। Short term use of either paracetamol or ibuprofen will not usually cause any side effects. पेरासितामल नङाब्ला इबुप्रफेननि गुसुं सम बाहायनाया सरासनस्रायै जेबो उफेरा बिजाउनफोर सोमजिहोनाय नङा। Paracetamol can be used at any stage during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but ibuprofen should not be used after 30 weeks of pregnancy. पेरासितामला दोरसि आरो आहार-दौनायनि जायखि-जाया थाखोआवनो बाहायजानो हायो, नाथाय इबुप्रफेनखौ दोरसिनि 30 हाबथाफोरनि उनाव बाहायनो नाङा। Ibuprofen is also unsuitable if you have asthma, or a history of stomach problems, such as stomach ulcers. इबुप्रफेना अब्लाबो मोजां नङा जुदि नोंहा जक्षा, एबा उदै जेंनाफोर जेरै बादि उदै आलसारफोरनि जारिमिन दं। If you are unsure as to whether ibuprofen will be suitable for you or your child, check with your GP, nurse or pharmacist. इबुप्रफेना नोंनि एबा नोंनि गथ’नि थाखाय साबजाथाव नंगौना नङा जुदि नों रोखा नङा, नोंनि जि पि, नार्स एबा फारमासिस्तजों नायसंजा। If your child is younger than three months old, always speak to your GP before you provide your child with any kind of pain relief. जुदि नोंनि गथ’आ थाम दानफोर बैसोनिख्रुय गोरलैसिन, जायखि-जाया रोखोमनि सानाय रैखाथिग्राजों नोंनि गथ’खौ जगायनायनि आगोल जेब्लाबो नोंनि जि पि जों रायज्लाय। If you suspect that your child has chickenpox, or if they have been diagnosed with the condition, it is very important that you do not give them aspirin. जुदि नों सनदेह-खालामोदि नोंनि खुदियाहा लोनथि-बेरनाय दं एबा जुदि बिसोर थासारिजों लैखोन-संजाबाय, बेयो जोबोर गोनांदि नों बिसोरनो एस्पिरिन होनाङा। Children under 16 years of age should never be given aspirin, but is particularly important that your child does not take aspirin if they have a viral infection like chickenpox. 16 बोसोर बैसोनि सिंनि खुदियाफोरा माब्लाबाबो एस्पिरिन होजानाङा, नाथाय जर’खायै गोनांथार दि नोंनि खुदियाया एस्पिरिन लाया जुदि बिसोरहा लोनथि-बेरनाय बादि भाइरेल सनदेरनाय दं। Medical studies have shown that there is a link between treating children who have chickenpox with aspirin, and the potentially fatal condition, known as Reye's syndrome. मेदिकेल बिजिरथिफोरा दिनथिबायदि खुदियाफोर जायहा एस्पिरिनजों लोनथि-बेरनाय दं, आरो रायनि लैखोन महरै मिथिजानाय जानोहाथावै फोथैनाय थासारिनि गेजेराव मोनसे सोमोनदो दं। This condition almost always affects children and teenagers, and can cause severe brain and liver damage, as well as affecting other parts of the body. बे थासारिया जेब्लाबो खुदियाफोर आरो लायमोनफोरखौ गोहोम-खोखलैयो, आरो लोगोसे देहानि गुबुन बाहागोफोरखौ गोहोम-खोखलैनानै गोब्राब मेलेम आरो बिखा गाज्रि-जानाय सोमजिहोनो हायो। If Reye's syndrome is not diagnosed quickly, it can lead to disability and, in some cases, death. रायनि लैखोना गोख्रैनो संजायाब्ला, बेयो अंग-हानि सोमजिहोनो हायो आरो माखासे बिथिंफोराव थैनाय। Speak to your GP, or pharmacist, if you are unsure about which medicines you should give your child. नोंनि जि पि एबा फारमासिस्तजों सावराय, जुदि मा मुलैखौ नोंनि खुदियानो नों होनांगौनि सोमोनदै नों रोखा-नङा। Try to drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration. रानस्रावनायखौ नेवसिनो थोजासे दै लोंनो नाजा। Sugar-free ice-lollies help to lower temperature and give children fluids, as well as soothing a sore mouth if it has become infected. सिनि-उदां आइस-ललिसा बिदुंखौ खमायनो हेफाजाब-होयो आरो जुदि बेयो सनदेरजायो खस्थ-मोननाय खुगाखौ साबजाहोनायजों लोगोसे खुदियानो लाव-मुवा होयो। They may be used in children over the age of four. बेफोर ब्रै बोसोर-बैसोनि सानि खुदियाफोरनियाव बाहायजायो। Avoid food that may make your mouth sore (such as salty foods) and try having soups as they are easy to swallow (just make sure the soup is not too hot). नोंनि खुगाखौ खस्थ-होनाय खाजाखौ नेवसि (जेरै बादि गोबाब खाजाफोर) आरो सप आजावनायखौ नाजा मानोना बेफोर सावग्लिनो गोरलै (सपआ बांद्राय गुदुं नङिखौल’ रोखा खालाम)। Keep children's fingernails clean and short to stop deep scratching. खुदियाफोरनि आसिगुरफोरखौ साखोन-सिखोन लाखि आरो गोथौ खुरख्लाबनायखौ दबथायनो सुंहो। You may also consider putting socks over your child's hands at night to stop them scratching the rash as they sleep. नों हराव नोंनि खुदियाफोरनि आखायफोराव जै बिसोर उनदुयो बिसोरनि गोजा-फिथर खुरख्लाबनायखौ होबथानो मौजाफोर गानहोनायखौबो गनायनो हायो। This will also prevent any future scarring from the itching of scabs. बेयो फाफ्रे-जानायफोरनि मानलुनायनिफ्राय जायखि-जाय इयुननि गिनांनायखौबो होबथागोन। If your child has a fever, or if their skin is sore and aggravated, then dress them appropriately to avoid overheating, or shivering. नोंनि खुदियाहा लोमजानाय दंब्ला, एबा बिसोरनि बिगुरा सनदेरनाय आरो गाज्रिसिन, अब्ला बिसोरखौ बांद्राय-दुंहोनाय, एबा गोजांद्रायनायखौ नेवसिनो थि-रोखोमै सि-गानहो। If you or your child has chickenpox, it is best to wear loose-fitting, smooth, cotton fabrics. जुदि नों एबा नोंनि खुदियाहा लोनथि-बेरनाय दं, गुरुं-दिखांनाय, माहि, खुन जिफोर गाननाया साबसिनथार। This will help stop the skin from becoming sore and irritated. बेयो बिगुरखौ खस्थ-मोननाय आरो दिगदार-मोननाय जानायनिफ्राय दबथायनो हेफाजाब-होगोन। If your child's skin is very itchy or sore, you could try using calamine lotion. जुदि नोंनि खुदियानि बिगुरा जोबोर मानलुनाय एबा खस्थ-गोनां, नों केलामाइन लसन बाहायनायखौ नायनायनो हागौ। This lotion is very safe to use, and will have a soothing, cooling effect on the skin. बे लसना बाहायनो जोबोर रैखा-गोनां, आरो बिगुराव साबजानाय, सुहोनाय गोहोम मोनगोन। If you develop chickenpox whilst you are pregnant you may have to take an antiviral medicine, known as aciclovir. नों दोरसि-जानाय समाव लोनथि-बेरनाय जौगायोब्ला नों एलिक्लभिर महरै मिथिजानाय हेंथा-भाइरेल मुलै आजावनो हागौ। This ideally needs to be started within 24 hours of your rash appearing. बेयो नोंनि गोजा-सिथर नुजानायनि 24 घनथाफोरनि गेजेराव नेरसोन-गोनाङै बाहायजानो नांगौ। It does not cure chickenpox, but does make the symptoms less severe. बेयो लोनथि-बेरनायखौ फाहामा, नाथाय लैखोनफोरखौ खम गोख्रों खालामो। If you are taking aciclovir, you should make sure you drink plenty of fluids. जुदि नों एलिक्लभिर आजावगासिनो दं, नों थोजासे लाव-मुवाफोर लोंनायखौ रोखा-खालामनांगौ। You will normally have to take this medicine five times a day (at four hourly intervals) for seven days. नों सरासनस्रायै बे मुलैखौ सानसेयाव खेब बायै (ब्रै घनताफोर थाद’नायजों) स्नि सानफोरनि थाखाय लानांगोन। This medicine may also be prescribed to newborn babies and, people with a weakened immune system who develop chickenpox, as they too are more at risk of developing complications. बे मुलैया बिसोरबो जेथोफोर जौगाहोनायनि बांसिन गिथावनायाव दं हिसाबै गोदानै जोनोम-जानाय खुदियाफोर, लोरबां-जानाय होबथा बिखानथि गोनां सुबुंफोरनोबो बिथोनजानो हागौ जाय लोनथि-बेरनाय जौगाहोयो। Typhoid fever is usually diagnosed by conducting tests on a patient's stools, blood or urine. तायफयेद लोमजानाया जब्रानि खि, थै एबा हासुदैखौ आनजादफोर-नायनायजों सरासनस्रायै लैखोन-सिनायजायो। If the typhoid bacterium is detected, a correct diagnosis can be made. तायफयेद बेक्तेरियाया सिनायजायोब्ला, मोनसे थि आनजाद-नायनायखौ खालामनो हायो। The symptoms of typhoid can be similar to those of malaria, so this should be ruled out as soon as possible. तायफयेदनि लैखोनफोरा मेलेरियानि बैफोरजों रोखोमसे जानो हायो, बेनिखायनो बेयो जेसे जाथावना इसे थाब बोखारनांगौ। Typhoid fever is mainly caught abroad, so it is useful for your doctor to know your recent travel history. तायफयेद लोमजानाया गाहायै बायजोआव हमजादोंमोन, बेनिखायनो नोंनि दाबावैसोनि दावबायनाय जारिमिनखौ मिथिनो बेयो नोंनि दाक्टारनि थाखाय बाहायथावना। As typhoid fever can be fatal, early diagnosis and treatment is crucial. तायफयेद लोमजानाया खैफोदगोनां जानो हागौ हिसाबै थाब लैखोन-सिनायनाय आरो फाहामनाया गोनांसिनथार। In developed countries, antibiotics such as ampicillin and chloramphenicol are often used to treat the infection. जौगा हादरफोराव एम्पिसिलिन आरो क्लरामफेनिकेलबादि एन्टिबायतिकफोरा सनदेरनायखौ फाहामनो प्राय बाहायजायो। You may need to be admitted to hospital, if you are infected with the typhoid bacterium while abroad. बायजोआव-थानाय समाव तायफयेद बेक्टेरियामजों नों सनदेरजायोब्ला नोंखौ फाहामसालियाव थिसननो गोनां जानो हागौ। If you are unable to eat, due to gastrointestinal (stomach and gut) problems, you may be given an intravenous drip. गेस्ट्रइनतेस्तिउनेल(उदै आरो नारि-बाहागो) जेंनाफोरनि थाखाय नों जानो हाथावैब्ला नों मोनसे रोदा-थै-खारसारनायारि थरथिं होजानो हागौ। In severe cases of typhoid fever, corticosteroids may be needed to reduce the inflammation of your brain. तायफयेद लोमजानायनि गोब्राब जाथायफोराव नोंनि मेलेमनि खामनायखौ खमायनो कर्तुकस्तेरइदआ गोनांथि जानो हागौ। If you are admitted to hospital, you will be cared for in isolation and your family members' stools may be examined to see if they are carrying the disease. नों देहा-फाहामसालियाव थिसनजायोब्ला हारसिंथियाव नोंहा जोथोननि गोनांथि आरो नोंनि नखर सोद्रोमाफोरा बेराम लाबथिंदोंनामा बेखौ नायनो बिसोरनि खिया आनजाद-नायजानो हागौ। While undergoing treatment, maintaining good general hygiene is important as bacteria may continue to be present in your body. फाहामनाय सोलिबाय-थानाय समाव बेक्तेरियाया नोंनि मोदोमाव थाबाय-थानो सोबिबाय-थानो हागौ हिसाबै मोजां सरासनस्रा सावस्रिखौ सामलायनाया गोनांथार। People with typhoid fever, who are treated with antibiotics, usually improve within 2-3 days and death is extremely rare. तायफयेद लोमजानायगोनां जायफोर सुबुङा एन्टिबायतिकफोरजों फाहामजायो सरासनस्रायै 2-3 सानफोरनि गेजेराव मोजां-जासिनो आरो थैनाया जोबोरैनो खम। However, if you have had the infection, you may still be carrying the bacteria in your system. अदेबानि नोंहा सनदेरनाय दङमोनब्ला जानो हागौ नों नोंनि बिखान्थियाव दासिमबो बेक्टेरियाखौ लाबथिंगासिनो-दङ। Therefore, if you have been treated for typhoid abroad, you should have your stools examined when you return. बेनिखायनो नों बायजोआव तायफयेदखौ फाहामजाबोबायब्ला जेब्ला नों गिदिंफिनो नोंनि खिखौ आनजाद-नायजाहोनांगौ। If your job involves handling food, you should stay off work until at least two stool samples are clear of the bacterium. नोंनि खामानिया खाजा-सामलायनायजों लोब्बागोनांब्ला खमब्लाबो मोननै खि नेरसोनफोरा बेक्टेरियानिफ्राय उदां-जानायसिम खामानि-मावनायनिफ्राय थाबथानांगौ। Usually penicillin is preferred, but erythromycin, tetracycline, or chloramphenicol can also be used. सरासनस्रायै पेनिसिलिना फसायसिनजायो नाथाय एरिथ्रमायसिन, तेत्रासायक्लिन एबा क्लरामफेनिकेलखौबो बाहायनो हायो। To be effective, treatment should be initiated early. खामानिगोनां जानो थाखाय फाहामनायखौ थाबनो जागायनांगौ। If left untreated, the disease can be fatal. फाहामालासै नागारोब्ला बेरामा खैफोदगोनां जानो हागौ। There is currently one anthrax vaccine for humans licensed for use in the United States. जथाय हादराव बाहायनो थाखाय मानसिनि गनायथिलायनायनि थाखाय दासान्दि मोनसे एनथ्रेक्स भेकसिन दङ। Because anthrax is considered to be a potential agent for use in biological warfare, the Department of Defense recently announced that it would begin systematic vaccination of all US military personnel. मानोना जिबारि दावहायाव बाहायनायनि थाखाय एनथ्राक्सा मोनसे जाथावनायारि थान्दै होनना गनायजायो, रैखाथि बिफाना दाबावैसो फोसावबाय दि बेयो गासैबो यु.एस. फायखि सुबुंफोरनो खान्थिगोनां भेकसिन-होनाय जागायगोन। Among civilians, anthrax vaccine is recommended for individuals who come in contact in the workplace with imported animal hides, furs, bonemeal, wool, animal hair (especially goat hair), and bristles; and for individuals engaged in diagnostic or investigational activities which may bring them into contact with anthrax spores. सरासनस्रा-सुबुंफोरनि गेजेराव जाय खामानि-थिलियाव लाबोजानाय जुनार बिगुरफोर, खोमोनफोर, बेगें-हासार, उल, जुनार खोमोन (जरखायै बोरमा खोमोन), आरो बेजेफोरनि सोमोन्दोआव फैयो बैफोर सुबुंफोरनि थाखाय एनथ्राक्स भेकसिना गनायथिजायो; आरो लैखोन-सिनायनाय एबा आनजाद-नायनायारि खामानिफोराव लोब्बागोनां सुबुंफोरनि थाखाय जाय बिसोरखौ एनथ्राक्स लायफां-आलुजों सोमोन्दोआव लोबोनो हागौ। The vaccine should only be administered to healthy men and women from 18 to 65 years of age. 18निफ्राय 65सिम बोसोर बैसोनि सावस्रिगोनां हौवाफोर आरो आयजोफोरनावल भेकसिना सामलायजानांगौ। Because it is not known whether the anthrax vaccine can cause fetal harm, pregnant women should not be vaccinated. एनथ्राक्स भेकसिना फेताल खहानि जाहोन जानो हायोना हाया मानोना बेयो मिथिजानाय नङा, गोरबोआव-गथगोनां आयजोफोरखौ भेकसिन होनाङा। The vaccine is reported to be 93% effective in protecting against cutaneous anthrax. बिगुरारि एनथ्राक्सनि हेंथायै रैखाथिनायाव भेकसिना 93% खामानिगोनां होनना फोरमायजादोंमोन। Anthrax vaccines intended for use in animals should not be used in humans. जुनाराव बाहायनायनि थाखाय थि-खालामनाय एनथ्राक्स भेकसिना मानसिनाव बाहायजानाङा। HIV can be very difficult to diagnosis from the symptoms alone. एइस.आ.भि.आ लैकोनफोरनिफ्रायल’ सिनायनो जोबोर गोब्राब जानो हागौ। Sometimes, even specialists who are experienced in treating HIV can mistake the symptoms for another condition. माब्लाबा अदेबानि रोंगौसाफोरा जायफोरा एइस.आइ.भि. फाहामनायाव मोनरोंगौथिगोनां गुबुन थाथायनि थाखाय लैखोनफोरखौ गोरोन्थि-खालामनो हागौ। Therefore, if you are in a high risk group for catching HIV (see below), it is very important that you have a HIV test. बेनिखायनो नों एइस.आइ.भि. (गाहायाव नाय) हमनायनि थाखाय जोबोर खैफोद हानजायाव दङब्ला बेयो जोबोर गोनां दि नोंहा मोनसे एइस.आइ.भि. आनजाद दङ। The earlier HIV is diagnosed, the more likely it is that treatment will be successful. थाबसिन एइस.आ.भि. सिनायनाया बांसिन जाथावनाया बेनो दि फाहामनाया जाफुंसार जागोन। In the past, many people were reluctant to take a HIV test because they thought that if they were diagnosed with the condition, there was nothing that could be done to help them. सिगाङाव गोबां सुबुंफोरा एइस.आइ.भि. आनजाद लाजानो गोसो-गैथारिमोन मानोना बिसोर सानदोंमोन दि बिसोर थाथायजों सिनायजायोब्ला, बै-समाव जेबो गैयामोन दि बिसोरखौ हेफाजाब-खालामनो हायो। However, this is not true and there are now medicines available which can be used to slow the progress of HIV and effectively manage the condition. अदेबानि बेयो थार नङा आरो दानिया मुलैफोरा मोनथावना जायखौ एइस.आइ.भि.नि बांनायखौ लासै-खालामनो आरो थाथायखौ खामानिगोनां सामलायनो बाहायनो हायो। HIV can be diagnosed by testing your blood for the presence of the virus. भाइरासनि नुजाथिनायनि थाखाय नोंनि थैखौ आनजाद-नायनानै एइस.आइ.भि.खौ सिनायनो हायो। However, the test will only detect HIV after three months have passed since the initial infection. गिबि सनदेरनायनिफ्राय दान मोनथाम बारनायनि उनावसो अदेबानि आनजादा एइस.आइ.भि.खौ सिनायगोन। Therefore, it will usually be recommended that you have another test three months after your first one. बेनिखायनो सरासनस्रायै बेयो गनायथिजागोन दि नोंनि गिबि मोनसेनि दान मोनथामनि उनाव नोंहा आरोबाव-मोनसे आनजाद दङ। You should not assume that any previous blood test that you have had was used to check for the presence of HIV. नों नाजावनाङा दि सिगांनि जायखिजाया थै आनजाद जायखौ नों खालामजादोंमोन बेयो एइस.आइ.भि.नि नुजाथिनायखौ नायनोमोन। Blood is only tested for HIV if you specifically consent to testing. जरखायै नों आनजाद-नायनायनि थाखाय गनायथि-होयोब्ला एइस.आइ.भि.नि थाखाय थैखौल’ आनजाद-नायनाय-जायो। The results of your HIV test will remain strictly confidential. नोंनि एइस.आइ.भि. आनजादनि फिथाया गोरायै फोथायथावै थागोन। However, if you are diagnosed with HIV, and you have health, or life, insurance, your insurance company will have to be informed. अदेबानि नों एइस.आइ.भि.जों सिनायजायोब्ला आरो नोंहा सावस्रि एबा जिउ, इनसुरेन्स दङ, नोंनि इनसुरेन्स कम्पानिखौ मिथिहोनांगोन। If you do have HIV, it is important that your current sexual partner, or any sexual partner that you have had since being exposed to infection, is tested and treated. नोंहा एइस.आइ.भि. दङब्ला बेयो गोनांथार दि नोंनि आथिखालनि आथोन-गेलेनायारि लोगोआ एबा सनदेरजानाय हिसाबै होबथाजायैनिफ्रायनो जाय जायखिजाया आथोन-गेलेनायारि लोगो दंमोन बेयो आनजाद-नायजागोन आरो फाहामजागोन। Some people can feel angry, upset, or embarrassed about discussing HIV with their current or former partner, or partners. एइस.आइ.भि.नि बागै सावरायनानै माखासे सुबुङा बिसोरनि आथिखालनि एबा सिगांनि लोगो एबा लोगोफोरजों सावरायनानै रागा-जोंनाय, गोसो-बायनाय एबा लाजिथावना-खालामनाय मोनदांनो हागौ। You should not be afraid to discuss your concerns with your GP or the clinic staff. नोंनि जि.पि. एबा क्लिनिकेल हानजाजों लोब्बागोनांखौ सावरायनो नों गिनाङा। They will be able to advise you about who should be contacted and the best way to contact them. सोरनि सोमोन्दोआव-फैनांगौ आरो बिसोरखौ सोमोन्दोआव-फैनायनि साबसिन राहानि बागै बिसोर नोंखौ सुबुरुन होनो थाखाय हाथावना। With your permission, your clinic will be to arrange for a 'contact slip' to be given to your former partner, or partners. नोंनि बारग’ लोगो एबा लोगोफोरनो होनो नोंनि गनायथिनायजों मोनसे ‘सोमोन्दो बिलाय’नि थाखाय साजायनो नोंनि क्लिनिका जागोन। The slip explains that they may have been exposed to a sexually transmitted infection, and advises them to have a check-up. बिलाया फोरमायो दि बिसोर आथोन-गेलेनायारियै बारदेरनाय सनदेरनायाव दिन्थिजाबोदों जानो हागौ आरो आनजाद-नायनो बिसोरखौ सुबुरुन-होयो। The slip does not have your name on it, and your details will remain totally confidential. बिलायाव नोंनि मुं थाया आरो नोंनि फारि-फारिया आबुङै फोथायथावनायै थागोन। Nobody can force you to tell any of your partners about your HIV, but it is strongly recommended that you do. नोंनि एइस.आइ.भिनि बागै नोंनि जायखिजाया लोगोनो खोन्थानो नोंखौ रावबो नारसिननो हाया नाथाय नोंखौ खालामनो थाखाय गोरायै गनायथि-होयो। Left untested and untreated, HIV can have devastating consequences and will eventually lead to death. आनजाद-नायजायै आरो फाहामजायै नागारजानाय एइस.आइ.भि.आ फोजोबलु जाउन थानो हागौ आरो जाथायफारियै थैनायाव जाहोयो। The viral load will be regularly measured in order to show whether the medicines that are being used to treat HIV are working effectively. मुलैफोर जायफोरा एस.आइ.भिखौ फाहामनो थाखाय बाहायजायो खामानिगोनाङै खामानि मावोना-मावा दिन्थिनो भाइरेल बजाया नेमआरियै जखा-सुजागोन। A high viral load may mean that you need a new combination of medicines. जोबोर भाइरेल बजाया बुजायनो हागौ दि नोंनो मुलैफोरनि मोनससे गोदान जथाय नांगौ। Both the CD4 count and viral load can fluctuate over time, so one high, or low, reading does not automatically mean that your condition has got worse. सि.दि.4 हिसाब आरो भाइरेल बजाया बांद्राय सम खम-बारा जानो हायो बेनिखायनो मोनसे जौगा एबा गाहाय हिसाब-खालामनाया गाव-हारसिङै बुजाया दि नोंनि थाथाया गाज्रिसिनथार जाबाय। The general trend of your CD4 count and viral load, over time, is more important in tracking the progression of the condition. नोंनि चि.दि.4नि हिसाब आरो भाइरेल बजानि सरासनस्रा दाहार, बांद्राय समा थाथायनि दावगानायखौ उन-होसोनायाव बांसिन गोनांथार। There is no cure, or vaccine, for HIV, and researchers believe it will be many years, if not decades, before either is found. एइस.आइ.भि.नि थाखाय जेबो फाहामनाय एबा भेकसिन गैया आरो बेखौ गोबां बोसोर जागोन होनना संजिरग्राफोरा फोथायो, जिथायफोर नङाब्ला मोननैखोबौ मोनदोंमोन। However, special medicines that are used in what is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has proved remarkably successful in slowing the progression of the condition, and prolonging life. अदेबानि जरखा मुलिफोरा जायफोरा जोबोरैनो मावथि एन्टिरेत्रभाइरेल थेरापि(एइस.ए.ए.आर.ति.) होनना मिथिजायो बेयाव बाहायजायो दावगानायखौ थाथाय आरो जिउ गोलाव-खालामनानै लासैसिन-खालामनायाव मुंखथावनायै जाफुंसारना फोरमान खालामबोबाय। Researchers are confident that continuing improvements in therapy will mean that a person with HIV will have the same life-span as somebody who does not have the condition The therapy involves using a combination of medicines. संजिरग्राफोरा गोसो-गोख्रों दि थेरापियाव जौगानायखौ फारि-सोलिहोनाया बुजायगोन दि सोरबा सासे जायहा थाथाया गैयैबादि एइस.आइ.भि.जों सासे सुबुङा एखे जिउ जानथाय थागोन, थेरापिया मुलिनि जथाय बाहायनायाव लोब्बागोनां। This is because HIV can quickly adapt and become resistant to one single medicine. बेयो मानोना एइस.आइ.भि.आ थाबैनो मोनसे हारसिं मुलिखौ खाबजाहोनो आरो होबथाग्रा जानो हायो। These medicines work in different ways, but they are all designed to interrupt the reproductive cycle of the virus in order to slow down its spread, and protect your immune system. बेफोर मुलिफोरा गुबुन-गुबुन राहायै खामानि-मावो नाथाय बैफोरो बेनि गोसारनायखौ लासैसिन खालामनो आरो नोंनि इमियुन बिखान्थिखौ रैखा-खालामनो भाइरासनि दिहुनफिनजाथावारिखौ हेंथा-होनो गासैबो महर-होजानाय। Most people with HIV are recommended to take two types of medication from the NRTIs class, plus a medicine from another class. एइस.आइ.भि.गोनां बांसिन सुबुङानो एन.आर.ति.आइ.एस. थाखोनिफ्राय मोननै रोखोमनि मुलि लोगोसेनो गुबुन थाखोनिफ्राय मोनसे मुलि लानो बोसोन-होजायो। The goal of treatment is to find the best combination of medicines, while minimising any side effects. फाहामनायनि थांखिया मुलैफोरनि साबसिन जथायखौ नागिरना-दिहुननाय एखे-समावनो जायजाया उफेरा बिजाउनफोरखौबो। In some people, the medicines that are used to treat HIV will cause side effects. माखासे सुबुंनाव एइस.आइ.भि. फाहामनो थाखाय बाहायनाय मुलैफोरा उफेरा बिजाउननि जाहोन जागोन। However, the side effects tend to improve after a few weeks as your body gets used to the medicines. नोंनि मोदोमा मुलैफोरजों खामानि-मावनो-लादोंमोन हिसाबै अदेबानि उफेरा बिजाउनफोरा सफथानैसोनि उनाव जौगानो नागिरो। Protease inhibitors have been known to increase the levels of cholesterol and sugar in the blood, which can lead to the hardening of your arteries (arteriosclerosis). प्रउतिज हेंथ-होग्राफोरा थैयाव कलेस्त्रल आरो चिनिनि बिबांखौ बांहोनायनि थाखाय मिथिजाबोबाय जाय नोंनि थै-खारसार-रोदाफोरखौ गोब्राब-खालामहोनाय जाहोनो हायो। Arteriosclerosis will increase your chances of developing a cardiovascular disease, such as heart disease, or stroke. आतेरिउस्कुलरसिसा नोंनि मैखुन बेराम एबा स्त्रकबादि कारदियभास्कुलार बेराम बांनायनि मोनसे खाबुखौ बांहोगोन । Eating a healthy diet, taking regular exercise, and not smoking, will help to reduce the risk of developing arteriosclerosis. सावस्रिगोनां खाजा मोनसे जानाय, नेमआरियै ब्याम-खालामनाय आरो सोबैआ आतेरिउस्कुलरसिस बांनायनि खैफोदखौ खमायनो हेफाजाब-खालामगोन। You may also be given special medicines to help further reduce the risk. खैफोदखौ आरोबाव खमायनो हेफाजाब-होनो जरखा मुलैफोर नों होजानोबो हागौ। These include medicines known as statins that can reduce the level of cholesterol in your blood. स्तेतिनस हिसाबै मिथिजानाय मुलैफोरखौ बेफोरो लाफायो जाय नोंनि थैयाव कलेस्त्रलनि बिबांखौ खमायनो हायो। For more information about arteriosclerosis, see the 'related articles' section. आतेरिउस्कुलरसिस नि बागै बांसिन खौरांनि थाखाय ‘लोब्बागोनां लिरबिदां’ बाहागोखौ नाय। Some anti-HIV medicines have been known to cause damage to the nerves in the hands and feet, a condition known as peripheral neuropathy. माखासे एइस.आइ.भि.-हेंथा मुलैफोरा आखाय आरो आथिङाव रोदा गाज्रि-जानायनि जाहोन होनना मिथिजाबोदों, पेरिफारेल निउरपेथि होनना मिथिजानाय मोनसे थाथाय। This can cause your hands and feet to feel numb, or tingly. नोंनि आखाय आरो आथिंनि थरगैयै एबा रिम-रिम-मोननाय मोनदांनायनि जाहोन जानो हागौ। You should report any such symptoms straight away as your treatment plan will need to be changed in order to prevent further nerve damage. जायखिजाया बेबादि लैखोनखौ नों गोबाव-खालामालासे मिथिहोनांगौ नोंनि फाहामनाय बिथांखि हिसाबै आरोबाव-बांसिन रोदा गाज्रि-जानायखौ होबथानो सोलायनो गोनांथि जागोन। If you find that the side effects from HIV treatment are adversely affecting your quality of life, you should inform the staff at your HIV clinic. नों मोनोब्ला दि एइस.आइ.भि.फाहामनायनि उलथा जाउनफोरा नोंनि जिउनि मानदान्दाखौ जोबोरैनो गोहोम-खोख्लैथावना, नोंनि एइस.आइ.भि. क्लिनिकाव नोंनि मावफारि-हानजाखौ मिथिहोनांगौ। It may be possible to change your medicines, or other medicines may be available that can relieve any side effects. नोंनि मुलैफोरखौ सोलायनो जाथावना जानो हागौ एबा गुबुन मुलैफोरा मोनथावना जानो हागौ जायफोरा उलथा जाउनफोरनिफ्राय रेहाय होनो हागौ। The medicines used to treat HIV are only effective when taken exactly as prescribed. एइस.आ.भि.खौ फाहामनो बाहायनाय मुलैफोरा फोरोंथिनायबादिनो लायोब्लासो खामानिगोनां। Missing even a few doses will increase the risk of your treatment not working. अदेबानि मोननैसो फालिखौ बावनाया नोंनि फाहामनायनि खामानि मावैनि खैफोदखौ बांहोगोन। For example, some medicines you will be given should only be taken on an empty stomach, while others need to be taken with food. बिदिन्थि हिसाबै नोंनो माखासे मुलैफोर होनाय-जागोन लांदां उदैयावल’ जानांगौ जेराव गुबुनफोरखौ खाजाजों जानांगौ। You will need to develop a daily routine in order to fit your treatment plan around your lifestyle. नोंनि जिउखुं-राहाजों नोंनि फाहामनाय बिथांखिखौ खाबजाहोनो नों सानफ्रोमबोनि मोनसे मावफारिलाय जौगाहोनांगोन। The staff at your HIV clinic will be able to provide you with advice and support. नोंनि एइस.आइ.भि. क्लिनिकाव मावफारिया-हानजाया सुबुरुन आरो हेफाजाबजों नोंनो जगायनो हाथावना जागोन। You should remember that many of the medicines that are used to treat HIV can react in unpredictable ways if you take other types of medicines. नों गोसोआव-लाखिनांगौ दि मुलैफोरनि गोबाङानो जायफोरा एइस.आइ.भि. फाहामनो बाहायजायो नों गुबुन रोखोमनि मुलैफोर लायोब्ला इयुन-बुंनोहायै राहाफोराव उलथा-जाथाय जानो हायो। These include herbal remedies such as St John's Wort, recreational drugs, such as cocaine and over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. सेइन्ट जनस वर्ट, गेलेनायारि मुलैफोरबादि बेफोरो लायफां-मुलैयारि फाहामनायफोरखौ बेफोरो लाफायो, ककेइन आरो हेंथा-सानि मुलैफोरबादि। You should always check with your clinic staff, or your GP, before taking any other medicines. गुबुन जायखि-जाया मुलै लानायनि सिगां नों नोंनि क्लिनिक हानजा एबा नोंनि जि.पि.जों अरायबो आनजाद-नायनांगौ। It is sometimes possible to halt the development of HIV in the first 72 hours after infection. सनदेरनायनि उनाव गिबि 72 घन्टायाव एइस.आ.भि.नि जौगानायखौ होबथानो माब्लाबा जाथावना। This is known as post exposure prophylaxis (PEP). बेयो होबथा दिन्थिनाय उन (पि.इ.पि.) हिसाबै मिथिजायो। PEP involves taking anti-HIV medicines for four weeks. सफथा ब्रै फारियै एसस.आइ.भि.-हेंथा मुलैफोर लानायाव पि.इ.पि.आ लोब्बागोनां। PEP is often used when a person knows that they have definitely been exposed to the HIV virus. जेब्ला सुबुं सासेया मिथियोदि बिसोर एइस.आइ.भि. भाइरासजों रोखायैनो दिन्थिजाबोबाय पि.इ.पि.आ प्राय बाहायजायो। For example, if they were having sex with someone who they knew had the HIV virus, and the condom broke, or they were accidentally stabbed with an HIV infected needle. बिदिन्थि हिसाबै एइस.आ.भि. भाइरास दङ होनना म बिसोर मिथिनाय सोरबा सासेजों बिसोर खयलायगासिनो दंमोनब्ला आरो कन्दमआ जियोब्ला एबा बिसोर जाब्रथायारियै एइस.आइ.भि. सनदेरनायगोनां बिजिजों थुजायोब्ला। However, PEP is not guaranteed to work, and the medicines that are used cause some unpleasant side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and headaches. अदेबानि पि.इ.पि.आ खामानिनि थाखाय बाथ्रा-होजायाखैमोन आरो मुलैफोर जायफोरा बाहायजायो बेरामगोनां, गोबानाय, दायेरिया आरो खर’-सानायनि माखासे गोजोनगैयै उफेरा जाउननि जाहोन। If you are concerned that you have been exposed to the HIV virus, you should immediately contact your local Accident and Emergency Department, or GUM (genito-urinary or sexual health) clinic. एइस.आइ.भि. भाइरासजों नों दिन्थिजाबोनायखौ लोब्बागोनांब्ला दि नों थाबैनो नोंनि ओनसोलारि जाब्रथाय आरो गोनांसिनथार बिफानजों सोमोन्दो-ला एबा जि.यु.एम.(जेनित-इउरिनारि एबा आथोनारि सावस्रि) क्लिनिक। Impetigo can normally be successfully treated using antibiotic cream (topical antibiotics). एन्तिबायतिक क्रिम (आथिखालनि एन्तिबायतिकफोर) बाहायनानै इमपेदिगखौ सरासनस्रायै जाफुंसारनायै फाहामनो हायो। You should first wash any affected areas of skin with warm, soapy water before applying the cream. गिबियावनो नों बिगुरनि जायखिजाया नाख्रेबजानाय ओनसोलफोरखौ क्रिम बाहायनायनि सिगां गुदुं साबुनगोनां दैजों सुनांगौ। It is important that you then wash your hands immediately afterwards, or if available, use latex gloves when applying the cream. बेयो गोनांथार दि बेनि-उनाव नों थाबैनो नोंनि आखायखौ सुयो, एबा मोनथावब्ला क्रिम बाहायनाय समाव लेतेक्स ग्लभसखौ बाहाय। The condition should normally respond to treatment within seven days. स्नि सानफोरनि गेजेरावनो फाहामनो थाथाया सरासनस्रायै फिन-होनांगौ। However, if the condition does not respond, or the impetigo is widespread and severe, antibiotic tablets (oral antibiotics) will be prescribed. अदेबानि थाथाया फिन होवाब्ला एबा इमपेतिगआ गोसारजोबनाय आरो गोब्राब, एन्तिबायतिक बरिमुलैफोरा (खुगायारि एन्तिबायतिक) गनायथिहोजागोन। A seven day course of oral antibiotics is normally recommended. खुगायारि एन्तिबायतिक स्नि साननि मोनसे फारिया सरासनस्रायै गनायथिजायो। It is important that you/your child finish the course of antibiotics even if the symptoms clear up. बेयो गोनांथार दि नों/नोंनि खुदियाया एन्तिबायतिकनि फारिखौ फोजोबो अदेबानि लैखोनफोरा जोबोब्लाबो। Where possible, the suspect animal should be captured and watched for 5-10 days. जेराव जाथावना सन्देह-खालामनाय जुनारखौ हमथानांगौ आरो 5-10 सानफोर नायनांगौ। If, after this time, no symptoms of rabies have been observed, it can be assumed that the animal is not rabid. बे खेबसेनि उनाव जलातंकनि जेबो लैखोनफोरा नोजोर-खालामजायाब्ला बेखौ नाजावनो हायोदि जुनारा जलातंक नङा। The person who has been bitten can stop any rabies treatment they may have been receiving. सुबुङा जाय अरजाबाय बिसोर मोनबोबाय-थानाय फाहमनायखौ होबथानो हायो। If the animal is killed or dies, its brain can be examined for the presence of the rabies virus. जुनारा बुथारजायोब्ला एबा थैयोब्ला जलातंक भाइरासनि नुजाथिनायनि थाखाय मेलेमखौ आनजाद-नायनो हायो। Diagnosis in humans is carried out by examination of saliva. मानसिनाव लैखोन-सिनायनाया सालभियानि आनजादजों खालामनाय-जायो। If the infected person should develop severe symptoms and die, a post-mortem or fluorescent antibody test (FAT) on the brain can be used to confirm rabies. सनदेरजानाय सुबुङा गोब्राब लैखोनफोरखौ जौगाहोनांगौब्ला आरो थैनांगौब्ला जलातंकखौ रोखा-जानो मेलेमाव थैनाय-उन-आनजाद एबा फ्लुअरसेन्त एन्तिबदि आनजाद मोनसे(एफ.ए.टि.) बाहायनो हायो। If an animal that is possibly infected with rabies bites you, you must be treated promptly. जलातंकजों जाथावनायै सनदेरजानाय जाय जुनार मासेया नोंखौ अरोब्ला गोबाव-खालामालासे नों फाहामजाथारनांगोन। Medical advice should be sought for any animal bite, and a tetanus injection given. मेदिकेल सुबुरुना जायखिजाया जुनार अरनाय आरो दिन्थिजानांगौ आरो तितेनास बेजि गंसे होजानांगौ। Symptoms can usually be prevented from developing if proper treatment is started immediately after being bitten. अरजानायनि उनाव थाबैनो थि फाहामनायखौ जागायोब्ला बारायनायनिफ्राय लैखोनफोरखौ गोरलैयैनो हेंथा-होनो हायो। Early treatment is especially important following bites on the face. मोखाङाव अरनायनि उनाव थाब फाहामनाया जरखायै गोनांथार। If you have not been vaccinated before you were bitten, human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG), also known as passive immunisation, will be injected around the bite to neutralise the virus before it gets into the body. नों अरजानायनि उनाव भेकसिन-होजायाखैब्ला, मानसि रेबिस इमिउनग्लबिन (एइस.आर.आइ.जि)आबो खामानि-होयै खैफोदगैयै हिसाबै मिथिजायो, मोदोमाव गोसारनायनि सिगां भाइरासखौ गोहोम-गैयै-खालामनो अरनाय जायगायाव थुनाय-जागोन। This substance binds to the virus so that the immune system can destroy it. बे मुवाया भाइरासफोरखौ खायो जाहाथे हेंथा-होनाय बिखान्थिया बेखौ फोजोबस्रांनो हायो। In addition, a longer-lasting rabies vaccine (active immunisation) should be given in 5-6 doses over 30 days. दाजाबदेरनायाव गोबाव जोरनाय मोनसे रेबिस भेकसिनफोरा (मावथि होबथानाय) 5-6 फालिफोराव 30 सानफोरनिबो बांसिन होनांगौ। The vaccine is given into the arm and is relatively painless, with minimal side effects that may include headaches, fever, nausea, muscle aches, and dizziness. भेकसिना आखायाव होजायो आरो रुजुनायै सानायगैयै, खमसिन उफेरा बिजाउनफोरजों जाय खर’सानाय, लोमजानाय, गोबाल’-मोननाय, मोदोम-गेहेन सानायफोर आरो खर’-गिदिंनायखौ लाफायो। If you have already been vaccinated before being bitten (the pre-exposure vaccine), two doses of the rabies vaccine will be given: one at the time of the bite, and one 3-7 days later. अरजानायनि सिगां (सिगां-दिन्थिनाय भेकसिन) नों भेकसिन होजाबोबायब्ला, रेबिस भेकसिननि मोननै फालिया होजागोन: मोनसेया अरनायनि समाव आरो मोनसेया 3-7 साननि उनाव। The body should respond to treatment quickly. फाहामनायखौ थाबैनो मोदोमा फिन-होनांगौ। If the infected person is not treated and symptoms have developed (see symptoms), rabies is said to be established. सनदेरजानाय सुबुङा फाहामजायाब्ला आरो लैखोनफोरा जौगाबायब्ला (लैखोनफोरखौ नाय), रेबिसा जायगा-लाबाय होनना बुंजायो। In this situation, nothing can be done, except to keep them comfortable. बे थासारियाव बैफोरखौ आरामगोनाङै दोननायनि अनगा जेबो खालामनो हाया। They should be nursed in a darkened room and their symptoms kept under control with equipment and medication. खोमसि खथा गंसेयाव बिसोर जोथोन लाजानांगौ आरो बिसोरनि लैखोनफोरा आगजु आरो मुलि-फाहामनायजों दबथानायाव लाखिजानांगौ। A very small number of patients with established rabies have been successfully treated, using heavy sedation and intensive care facilities to maintain the action of the heart and the respiratory system, but those who have survived have suffered long term disability. बिखा आरो हांबोनाय-हगारनाय बिखान्थिनि मावथायखौ सामलायनो आरो सानाय-होखारग्रा आरो जोबोर जोथोन खाबुफोरखौ बाहायनानै रेबिस जायगा-लानाय जब्राफोरनि मोनसे जोबोर खम अनजिमाया जाफुंसारनायै फाहामजाबाय, नाथाय बैफोर जायफोरा थांना-थाबाय गोबाव सम हाथावैखौ भुगिबाय। In the height of the polio epidemic, the standard treatment involved placing a patient with paralysis of the breathing muscles in an "iron lung" - a large machine that actually pushed and pulled the chest muscles to make them work. पलिअ महामारिनि जौथायाव मानथायगोनां फाहामनाया मोनसे “बानायनाय संफ्ल”आव हांलानाय-हगारनाय मोदोम-गेहेनफोरनि खुरियाजों जब्रा सासेखौ दोननायाव लोब्बागोनां- मोनसे गेदेर दाजेम जाय गुबैयै बैफोरखौ खामानिगोनां खालामनो बिखा मोदोम-गेहेनखौ नारसिनो आरो बोयो। The damaged limbs were often kept immobilized because of the confinement of the iron lung. बानायनाय संफ्लनि सिमानि थाखाय गाज्रि-जानाय अंगफोरखौ प्राय सोलियै-खालामना लाखिनाय-जायो। In countries where polio is still a concern, ventilators and some iron lungs are still used. पलिअआ दासिमबो सोमोन्दोगोनां हादरफोराव भेन्तिलेतरफोर आरो माखासे बानायनाय संफ्लफोरा दासिमबो बाहायजायो। Historically, home treatment for paralytic polio and abortive polio with neurological symptoms wasn't sufficient. जारिमिनारियै रोदायारि लैखोनफोरजों खुरियारि पलिअ आरो फेलेङारि पलिअनि थाखाय नआव फाहामनाया थोजासे नङामोन। However, asymptomatic and mild cases of abortive polio with no neurological symptoms were usually treated like the flu, with plenty of fluids and bed rest. अदेबानि रोदायारि लैखोनगैयैजों फेलेङारि आरो गेजेरारि जाथायफोरा गोबां मुवा आरो एम जिरोन-लानायजों सरासनस्रायै फ्लुबादि फाहामजादोंमोन। The diagnosis is based on the symptoms that you have been experiencing and the physical signs, for example, the grey throat membrane and swollen neck. लैखोन-सिनायनाया लैखोननि सायाव बिथागोनां जायखौ नों मोनरोंगौथि-लागासिनो दङ आरो देहायारि नेरसोना बिदिन्थि हिसाबै फुरगेव गारामा बिगुर आरो बुगानाय गोदोना। If your doctor thinks you may have diphtheria, swabs will be taken from your nose, throat and any skin wounds, cuts or ulcers so that the infection or bacteria can be examined under the microscope in a laboratory. नोंहा दिफथेरिया दङ होनना नोंनि दाक्टारा सानोब्ला नोंनि गारामा आरो जायखिजाया बिगुर जखम-जानाय, बौनाय एबा आलसारनिफ्राय सिबनाय लानाय जागोन जाहाथे सनदेरनाय एबा बेक्तेरियाया आनजादसालियाव माइक्रस्कपाव आनजाद-नायजानो हायो। If the C. diphtheria bacteria is found so the doctor can establish how the illness may progress and if there are any risks to anyone the infected person has been in contact with. सि. दिफथेरिया बेक्तेरिया मोनोब्ला जाहाथे दाक्टारा फसंनो हायो माबोरै बेरामा बाङो आरो सनदेरनाय सुबुंजों सोमोन्दोव थानाय सोरबा सासेनाव माब खैफोद दङब्ला। Antitoxin treatment is given within the first 48 hours of symptoms developing and a blood sample is also needed to measure your antibodies to the diphtheria toxin (poison). एन्तितक्सिन फाहामनाया लैखोन बारायनायानि 48 घन्टानि गेजेराव होजायो आरो दिफथेरिया तक्सिनाव (बिष) नोंनि एन्तिबदिफोरखौ जखा-सुनो मोनसे थै नेरसोननिबो गोनांथि। Antibodies are cells produced by the body's immune system to fight off diseases and infections. एनेटिबदिफोरा बेरामफोर आरो सनदेरनायफोरजों जुजिनो मोदोमनि हेंथा-होनाय बिखान्थिजों दिहुनजानाय जिबख्रिफोर। A second blood sample will be taken a couple of weeks later to measure the antibodies again. एन्टिबदिखौ आरोबाव जखा-सुनो सफथा खननैसोनि उनाव मोनसे नैथि थै नेरसोन लानाय जागोन। You will be admitted to hospital and isolated in a separate room from other patients so that the disease doesn't spread. नोङो फाहामसालियाव थिसनजागोन आरो गुबुन जब्राफोरनिफ्राय आलादा गंसे खथायाव हारसिं-दोनजागोन जाहाथे बेरामा गोसारा। Antibiotics will be given to you by injection and then in tablet form, to be taken by mouth for a total of 7-14 days, to kill the C. diphtheriae bacteria. सि. दिफथेरिया बेक्टेरियाखौ बुथारनो खुगाजों जानो बेजिजों नोंखौ एन्टिबायटिक होनाय जागोन आरो बेनि-उनाव बरि महराव। You will also be given an injection of antitoxin to reduce the effect of the toxins (poison) in your body. नोंनि मोदोमाव टक्सिननि (बिष) गोहोमखौ खमायनो एन्टिटक्सिननि गंसे बेजिबो नोंखौ होनाय जागोन। You will remain in isolation until you have completely recovered and all tests show that your body is clear of infection. आबुङै हामफिननायसिम नों हारसिङै थागोन आरो गासैबो आनजादफोरा दिन्थियो दि नोंनि मोदोमा सनदेरनायनिफ्राय उदां। After recovery, you will be given a booster or a full course of the diphtheria vaccine before you leave hospital. फाहामसालि नागारनायनि सिगां हामफिननायनि उनाव नोंखौ मोनसे गोहो-बारायग्रा एबा दिफथेरिया भेकसिननि मोनसे आबुं फारि होनाय जागोन। Anyone who has had close contact with an infected person such as household members, visitors and anyone they have kissed or had sex with, should visit their GP immediately to be checked for signs of diphtheria. नखरनि सोद्रोमाफोरनिबादि सनदेरनाय सुबुं सासेजों जायखिजाया सासे जायहा खाथि सोमोन्दो दङमोन, नायग्राफोरा आरो जायखिजाया जायजों बिसोर खुदुमदोंमोन आरो खयलायदोंमोन दिपथेरियानि नेरसोनखौ आनजाद-नायनो बिसोर बिसोरनि जि.पि.खौ थाबैनो आनजाद-नायनांगौ। This involves taking daily nose and throat swabs from each person for 7 days. 7 साननि थाखाय साफ्रोमबो सुबुंनिफ्राय सानफ्रोमबो गन्थं आरो गारामा फोसाबनायजों बेयो लोब्बागोनां। They will be given antibiotic treatment and a booster dose of the vaccine if necessary. बिसोरखौ एन्टिबायतिक फाहामनाय आरो गोनांथि-जायोब्ला भेकसिननि मोनसे गोहो-बारायहोग्रा फालि होनाय होनाय जागोन। The risk of catching diphtheria from work colleagues or school friends is very low. खामानि-मावफाग्रा आरो फरायसालिनि लोगोफोरनिफ्राय दिफथेरिया हमनायनि खैफोदा जोबोर खम। Diphtheria is a disease that should be prevented rather than treated, but these methods are effective and can control the infection if the diagnosis is made early. दिफथेरियाया मोनसे बेराम जायखौ फामाननायनि सोलाय होबथानांगौ नाथाय बेफोर आदबफोरा खामानिगोनां आरो लैखोन-सिनायनायखौ थाब खालामोब्ला सनदेरनायखौ होबथानो-हायो। Treatment is always very urgent and should not be delayed. फाहामनाया अरायबो जोबोर गोनांथार आरो गोबाव खालामजानाङा। People with whooping cough are usually given antibiotics to kill the bacteria. हुपिं गुजुनायगोनां सुबुंफोरा बेक्टेरियाखौ बुथारनो सरासनस्रायै एन्तिबायटिक होनाय जायो। Even with antibiotics, the bouts of coughing will probably last for 6-8 weeks. अदेबानि एन्तिबायतिकफोरजों गुजुनायनि नाख्रेबजानाया 6-8 सफथासिम जोरगोन। After about 5 days of taking antibiotics, you will no longer be infectious. एन्तिबायटिक लानायनि सान 5नि उनाव नों सनदेरनायगोनां जानाय नङा। If your child has mild whooping cough, they should get lots of rest, drink lots of fluids and stay away from other children while they are infectious (for two weeks after the symptoms begin). नोंनि खुदियाया नेमआरि हुपिं गुजुनाय दङब्ला बिसोर गोबां जिरायनाय मोननांगौ, गोबां लाव-लावखौ लोंनांगौ आरो गुबुन सनदेरजानाय (लैखोनफोरा जागायनायनि सफथा नै उनाव) खुदियाफोरनिफ्राय गोजानाव थानांगौ। Clear away any excess mucus or vomit so your child does not inhale it and choke. जायखिजाया बाराद्राय गुंग्रायखौ बोखारनांगौ एबा गोबानांगौ जाहाथे नोंनि खुदियाया बेखौ हां-लाया आरो कस्तजों-हांलाया। There is no drug prescribed for chikungunya from the World Health Organization until now. दासिम मुलुग सावस्रि आफादनिफ्राय चिकुनगुनयानि थाखाय गनायथिनाय जेबो मुलै गैया। Doctors are using aspirin, ibuprofen, combiflam, paracetamol, etc. to reduce the pains and the fever, but there is no universally acceptable treatment in allopathic medicine yet. सानाय आरो लोमजानायखौ खमायनो दाक्टारफोरा एसपिरिन, इबुप्रफेन, कमबिफ्लाम, पेरासितामल बायदिफोरखौ बाहायगासिनो दङ नाथाय दासिम एल्लपेथिक मुलैयाव मुलुगनाङै गनायजाथाव फाहामनाय गैया। Some people are benefited by some medication, while others are not. माखासे सुबुंफोरा माखासे मुलै-फाहामनायजों मुलाम्फा-मोनदों जेराव गुबुनफोरा मोनाखै। Some chikungunya people get healed on their own after a few days. माखासे चिकुनगुनया सुबुङा साननैसोनि उनाव बिसोर गावनो उदां मोनो। Hence, medical science is not trusted enough where chikungunya is concerned. बेनिखायनो मेदिकेल गोनोखोआ थोजासे फोथायजाया जेराव चिकुनगुनयाया लोब्बागोनां। This has led many people with chikungunya to turn to Ayurveda for seeking out treatment. फाहामनायखौ मोननो चिकुनगुनयागोनां गोबां सुबुंखौ बेयो आयुर्बेदाव थांहोबाय। Ayurveda also may not be able to treat the condition of chikungunya completely, but it provides the necessary resistance for the body to combat with the disease. आयुर्बेदाबो चिकुनगुनयानि थाथायखौ आबुङै फाहामनो हाथावना जायाबो जानो हागौ नाथाय बेरामजों जुजिनो बेयो मोदोमनि थाखाय गोनांथार होबथानायखौ जगायो। There are certain Ayurvedic herbs that have a potential to reduce the symptoms of chikungunya. थि आयुर्बेदिक मुलै-लायफांफोर दङ, चिकुनगुनयानि लैखोनखौ खमायनो जायहा मोनसे गुन दङ। Respiratory illness caused by influenza is difficult to distinguish from illness caused by other respiratory pathogens on the basis of symptoms alone. इनफ्लुयेनजानि थाखाय-जानाय हांबोनाय-हगारनायनि बेरामखौ लैखोननि सायावल’ बिथा खालामनानै गुबुन हांबोनाय-हगारनाय बेराम-जाहोग्राफोरनि थाखाय-जानाय बेरामनिफ्राय फाराग-खालामनो जोबोर गोब्राब। However, during laboratory-confirmed influenza outbreaks, the majority of persons seeking medical advice for upper respiratory tract infections are likely to be infected by influenza. अदेबानि इनफ्लुयेनजा हरखाब-नुजानायखौ आनजादसालियाव थि-खालामनाय समाव गोजौ हांबोनाय-हगारनाय लामा सनदेरनायफोरनि थाखाय मेदिकेल सुबुरुन नागिरनाय सुबुंनि बांसिनानो इनफ्लुयेनजाजों सनदेरजानाय जानो हागौ। Laboratory confirmation will be required between annual influenza epidemics. आनजादसालिया थि-खालामनाया बोसोरारि इनफ्लुयेनजा महामारिफोरनि गेजेराव गोनांथि-जागोन। Rapid diagnostic tests have recently become available that can be used to detect influenza viruses within 30 minutes. गोख्रै लैखोन-सिनायनाय आनजाद दाबावैसो मोनथावना जाबाय इनफ्लुयेनजा भाइरासफोरखौ 30 मिनिटनि गेजेरावनो सिनायथिनो जायखौ बाहायनो हायो। Despite the availability of rapid diagnostic tests, the collection of clinical specimens for viral culture remains critical to provide information regarding circulating influenza subtypes and strains. गोख्रै लैखोन-सिनायनाय आनजादफोर थासेयावबो भाइरेल बारायनायनि थाखाय क्लिनिकारि नेरसोननि बुथुमनाया इनफ्लुयेनजा खारसारहोनाय खाव-रोखोमफोर आरो नारसिननायफोरनि सोमोन्दै खौरां जगायनो थाखाय अलखदगोनां जाना-थायो। This is needed to guide decisions regarding influenza treatment and chemoprophylaxis and to formulate vaccine for the coming year. इनफ्लुयेनजा फाहामनाय आरो केमप्रफिलेक्जिजनि सोमोन्दै थिरांथाफोरखौ लामा-दिन्थिनो आरो फैगौ बोसोरनि थाखाय भेकसिनखौ बुंफुरलु-होनो बेयो गोनांथि-जायो। For most people influenza is an upper respiratory tract infection that lasts several days and requires symptomatic treatment only. बांसिन सुबुंनि थाखाय इनफ्लुयेनजाया गोजौ हांबोनाय-हगारनायारि लामा सनदेरनाय जाय गोबां सान जोरो आरो लैखोनारि फाहामनायनिल’ गोनांथि-जायो। Within days, the person's body will eliminate the virus. साननैसोआवनो मानसिनि मोदोमा भाइरासखौ होखारगोन। Antibiotics, such as penicillin, which are designed to kill bacteria, cannot attack the virus. पेनिचिलिनबादि एन्टिबायटिकफोर जायफोरा बेक्टेरियाखौ बुथारनो बानायनाय-जादों, भाइरासखौ गाग्लोबनो हाया। Therefore antibiotics have no role in treating influenza in otherwise healthy people although they are used to treat complications. बेनिखायनो इनफ्लुयेनजा फाहामनायाव एन्टिबायटिकफोरना जेबो बिफाव गैया गुबुन-राहायै सावस्रिगोनां सुबुङा गोब्राबथिफोरखौ फाहामनो बाहायोब्लाबो। Antiviral drugs for influenza are an important adjunct to influenza vaccine for the treatment and prevention of influenza. इनफ्लुयेनजानि थाखाय एन्टिभाइरेल मुलैफोरा इनफ्लुयेनजा फाहामनाय आरो होबथानायनि थाखाय इनफ्लुयेनजानो मोनसे गोनांथार दाजाबदेरनाय। However, they are not a substitute for vaccination. अदेबानि भेकसिन-होनायनि थाखाय बैफोरो सोलायसोल नङा। For several years, four antiviral drugs that act by preventing influenza virus replication have been available. गोबां बोसोर फारियै जायफोरा इनफ्लुयेनजा भाइरास जाफिननाय होबथानाय खामानि-मावनाय मोनब्रै एन्टिभाइरेल मुलैफोरा मोनथावना जाबोबाय। They differ in terms of their pharmacokinetics, side effects, routes of administration, target age groups, dosages, and costs. बैफोरनि फारमाककिनेतिकस, उफेरा बिजाउनफोर, खुंथायनि लामाफोर, थांखिनाय बैसो हानजाफोर, मुलै-बिबांफोर आरो खरसनि बेलायाव बैफोरो गुबुन-गुबुन। When taken before infection or during early stage of the disease (within two days of illness onset), antivirals may help prevent infection, and if infection has already taken hold, their early administration may reduce the duration of symptoms by one to two days. सनदेरनायनि सिगां जेब्ला लानाय-जायो एबा बेरामनि (बेराम जागायनायनि साननैनि गेजेराव) गिबि समाव, एन्टिभाइरेलफोरा होबथानायखौ हेफाजाब-खालामनो हागौ आरो सनदेरनाया जायगा लाखांबायब्ला बैफोरनि गिबि खुंथाया लैखोननि समसिमाखौ सान सेनिफ्राय नैआव खमायनो हागौ। For several years, amantadine and rimantadine were the only antiviral drugs. गोबां बोसोरनि थाखाय आमानतादाइन आरो रिमानतादाइनाल’ एन्टिभाइरेल मुलैमोन। However, whilst relatively inexpensive, these drugs are effective only against type A influenza, and may be associated with severe adverse effects (including delirium and seizures that occur mostly in elderly persons on higher doses). अदेबानि रुजुथावनायै बेसेनगोसासिनब्लाबो बेफोर मुलैफोरा रोखोम ए इनफ्लुयेनजानि बेरेखायैल’ खामानिगोनां आरो बेनि-उलथायै जोबोर गोहोमफोराव (देलिरियाम आरो सेइजुरिसखौ जाय बांसिन मुलै-बिबाङाव बैसोगोरा सुबुंनाव जाखाङो लाफानानै) लोब्बागोनां जानो हागौ। When used for prophylaxis of pandemic influenza at lower doses, such adverse events are far less likely. खम मुलै-बिबाङाव गुवार-माहामारि इनफ्लुयेनजानि प्रफिलेक्जिनि थाखाय जेब्ला बाहायजायो, बेबादि उलथा जाथायफोरा खम जाथावनानि थाखाय। In addition, the virus tends to develop resistance to these drugs. दाजाबदेरनायाव भाइरासा बेफोर मुलैखौ होबथानायखौ जौगाहोनो खारो। A new class of antivirals, the neuraminidase inhibitors, has been developed. एन्टिभाइरेलनि मोनसे गोदान थाखो निउरामिनिदास थागिरिफोरा जौगाबोबाय। Such drugs, zanamivir and oseltamivir, have fewer adverse side effects (although zanamivir may exacerbate asthma or other chronic lung diseases) and the virus less often develops resistance . However, these drugs are expensive and currently not available for use in many countries. जानामिभिर आरो अजेलतामिभारबादि मुलैफोरा खमसिन गोब्राब उफोरा बिजाउनफोर (जानामिभिरा हांनोलि-बेरामखौ एबा गुबुन फारियारि संफ्ल बेरामफोरखौ बांसिन-खालामनो हागौब्लाबो) दङ आरो भाइरासा खम, माब्लाबासो होबथानायखौ जौगाहोयो। अदेबानि बेफोर मुलैफोरा बेसेनगोसा आरो आथिखालाव गोबां हदरफोराव बाहायनायानि थाखाय मोनथावना नङा। In severe influenza, admission to hospital, intensive care, antibiotic therapy to prevent secondary infection and breathing support may be required. गोब्राब इनफ्लुयेनजायाव फाहामसालि, जोबोर-बांसिन जोथोनाव थिसन, उफोरा सनदेरनायखौ होबथानो एन्टिबायटिक थेरापि आरो हांबोनाय-हगारनायनि हेफाजाबनि गोनांथि जानो हागौ। Antibiotic therapy usually results in dramatic recovery of the individual or animal infected with anthrax if given before onset or immediately after onset of illness. जागायनायनि सिगां एबा बेराम जागायनायनि उनाव थाबैनो एनथ्राक्सजों होनाय-जायोब्ला एन्टिबायटिक थेरापिया सुबुं एबा जुनार सनदेरजानायखौ सरासनस्रायै फावथायारि हामफिननाय जाहोयो। Antibiotic therapy may be also used for prophylaxis in asymptomatic patients believed to have been exposed to anthrax spores. एजिमप्तमेतिक जब्रानाव प्रफिलेक्जिजनि थाखाय एन्टिबायटिक थेरापियाबो बाहायजानो हागौ, एनथ्राक्स आलुनिफ्राय दिन्थिजाबोदों होनना फोथायनाय-जायो। Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are the basic elements of malaria control. थाब लैखोन-सिनायनाय आरो गोख्रै फाहामनायफोरा मेलेरिया होबथानायनि गाहाय जाहोथायफोर। Early and effective treatment of malaria disease will shorten its duration and prevent the development of complications and the great majority of deaths from malaria. मेलेरिया बेरामनि थाब आरो खामानिगोनां फाहामनाया बेनि समसिमाखौ गुसुंसिन खालामसिगोन आरो गोब्राबथिफोरनि जौगानायखौ आरो मेलेरियायाव जोबोर-बांसिन थैनायनि अनजिमाखौ होबथागोन। Access to disease management should be seen not only as a component of malaria control but a fundamental right of all populations at risk. बेराम सामलायथाय लामा-मोनहैनाया मेलेरिया होबथानाय मोनसे बाहागो हिसाबैल’ नुनाय जानाङा नाथाय खैफोदाव गासैबो सुबुं-अनजिमानि मोनसे गिबि मोनथाय हिसाबैबो। Malaria control must be an essential part of health care development. मेलेरिया होबथानाया सावस्रि जोथोन बिफाननि मोनसे गोनांथार बाहागो जानांगौ। In contemporary control, treatment is provided to cure patients rather than to reduce parasite reservoirs. दान्दिजोरारि होबथानायाव जब्राखौ सोखानायनिखुरै मालायजाग्रा दैथायग्राखौ खमायनो फाहामनाया जगायजायो। Anti malarial treatment policies will vary between countries depending on the epidemiology of the disease, transmission, patterns of drug resistance and political and economic contexts. मेलेरियायारि बेरेखा फाहामनाय पलिसिफोरा बेरामनि एपिदेमिअलजि, बारदेरनाय, मुलै होबथानायनि महरफोर आरो राजखान्थियारि आरो रांखान्थियारि सायाव बिथा-खालामनानै हादरफोरनि गेजेराव गुबुन-गुबुन जागोन। Health professionals usually can diagnose influenza using your symptoms alone, especially if many cases of a similar illness have occurred in the community and the local health department has confirmed a flu outbreak. सावस्रि जिउ-राहायारिफोरा सरासनस्रायै नोंनि लैखोनखौल’ बाहायनानै इनफ्लुयेनजाखौ लैखोन-सिनायनो हायो, जरखायै रोखोमसे बेरामनि गोबां जाथायफोरा हारियाव जाखांदोंब्ला आरो ओनसोलारि सावस्रि बिफाना मोनसे फ्लु हरखाब-नुजानायखौ थि-खालामबायब्ला। Routine testing of people who have typical flu symptoms is usually not necessary. जायहा नेरसोनारि फ्लु लैखोनफोर दङ बै सुबुंनि मावफारि आनजाद-नायानाय सरासनस्रायै गोनांथार नङा। Rarely, the specific flu virus you have may be identified through a blood test or a nasal or throat swab. माब्लाबासो रोखा फ्लु भाइरास नोंनाव थानाया थै आनजाद मोनसेनि एबा मोनसे गन्थङारि एबा गारामा फोसाबनायनि गेजेरजों सिनायजानो हागौ। Home treatment is usually all that is needed for flu symptoms. न’आव फाहामनाया सरासनस्रायै गासैबो जाय फ्लु लैखोनफोरनि थाखाय गोनांथि-जायो। However, antiviral medications are available to reduce the duration and severity of symptoms. अदेबानि एन्टिभाइरेल मुलै-फाहामनायफोरा लैखोनफोरनि समसिमा आरो गोब्राबथिखौ खमायनो थाखाय मोनथावना। These medications are especially useful for older adults and others who are at risk for developing complications from the flu. बेफोर मुलै-फाहामनायफोरा जरखायै बैसोसिन बैसोगोराफोर आरो गुबुनफोरनि थाखाय खामानिगोनां जायफोरा फ्लुनिफ्राय गोब्राबथिफोर जौगानायनि थाखाय खैफोदाव दङ। These medications need to be started within 2 days of your first symptoms. बेफोर मुलै-फाहामनायफोरखौ नोंनि गिबि लैखौनफोरनि साननैनि गेजेरावनो जागायनांगौ। In most cases of infective conjunctivitis, your GP will be able to diagnose the condition from your symptoms and by examination. सनदेरनायारि थाफानायफोरनि बांसिन जाथायफोरावनो नोंनि जि.पि.आ नोंनि लैखोनफोरनिफ्राय आरो आनजादजों थाथायखौ सिनायनो हाथावना जागोन। Red, swollen eyes, which are covered in a sticky discharge, are very common features of infective conjunctivitis. गोजा, बुगानाय मेगन जायफोरा मोनसे आथायारि हगारनायनों खोबजानाय, जायफोरा सनदेरनायारि थाफानायफोरनि जोबोर सरासनस्रा आखुथायफोर। Most cases of infective conjunctivitis will heal without treatment within one to two weeks. सनदेरनायारि थाफानायफोरनि बांसिन जाथायफोरानो सेनिफ्राय सफथानैनि गेजेराव फाहामनाय गैयालासे सावस्रिगोनां-जाफिनगोन। If you are still suffering from the symptoms of conjunctivitis after two weeks, you will need to see your GP again, so that they can reassess your diagnosis and treatment. सफथानैनि उनावबो थाफानायारि लैखोनफोराव नों दासिमबो भुगिगासिनो-दङब्ला नोंनि जि.पि.खौ लोगोहम-फिननो नोंहा गोनांथि जागोन जाहाथे बैफोरो नोंनि लैखोन-सिनायनाय आरो फाहामनायखौ सानना-नायफिननो हायो। Your GP will make sure that you are not suffering from a different form of the condition, such as allergic, or irritant conjunctivitis, as this will affect the type of treatment you are prescribed. नोंनि जि.पि.या रोखा खालामगोन दि मानलुआरि एबा खायसोआरि थाफानायफोरबादि नों थाथायनि गुबुन मोनसे महरनिफ्राय भुगिबाय थायाखै बेफोरो फाहामनायनि रोखोमखौ गोहोम-खोख्लैगोन हिसाबै नों गनायथिजादों। Your GP will also check to see that you are not suffering from any other eye condition, such as blepharitis which is a condition that causes your eyelids to become inflamed and swollen. नोंनि जि.पि.या नायनो आनजादबो नायगोन दि ब्लेफारितिसबादि नों जेबो मेगन थाथायनिफ्राय भुगिबाय थायाखै जाय मोनसे थाथाय जाय नोंनि मेगन-बिलाया खामनाय आरो बुगानायनि जाहोन। It is very important for you to seek medical assistance if you experience these symptoms because it may be an indication that there is a more serious condition that is causing them. नों बेफोर लैखोनफोरखौ रोंमोनदांथियोब्ला मेदिकेलारि हेफाजाब नागिरनाया नोंनि थाखाय जोबोर गोनांथार मानोना बेयो मोनसे इसारा-होनाय जानो हागौ दि बैफोरखौ जाहोबाय-थानायनिखुरै बांसिन खैफोदगोनां थाथाय दङ। This is why it is important for your GP to rule out any other conditions which, if undiagnosed, may possibly cause serious complications. बेनिखायनो बेयो नोंनि जि.पि.नि थाखाय जायखिजाया गुबुन थाथायखौ जाथावै-खालामनो गोनांथार, लैखोन-सिनायजायाब्ला जाथावनायै खैफोदगोनां गोब्राबथिफोरनि जाहोन जानो हागौ। Acute glaucoma - this is a rare form of glaucoma which causes a build up of pressure in the eye. थाब-हमग्रा ग्लुकमा- बेयो ग्लुकमानि मोनसे जोबोर-खम महर जाय मेगनाव नारसिननाय बानायनायनि मोनसे जाहोन। Symptoms of pain, and loss of vision, can develop very rapidly. सानाय आरो नुथाय गोमानायनि लैखोनफोरा गोख्रोयैनो जौगानो हायो। Left untreated, acute glaucoma can result in a permanent loss of vision. फाहामालासे हगारनाय, थाब-हमग्रा ग्लुकमाया अरायथा नुथाय गोमानाय जाहोनो हागौ। Keratitis - this is when your cornea (the clear layer at the front of your eye that allows light to travel through your eye) becomes inflamed, and sometimes ulcerated. केरातितिस- बेयो जेब्ला नोंनि कर्नियाया (नोंनि मेगनि मोखाङाव रोखा थोरोफा जाय नोंनि मेगननि गेजेरजों सोरांखौ बरलांनो गनायो) खामनाय आरो माब्लाबा रोखानङै जायो। In severe cases, this can cause scarring of the cornea, which can lead to a permanent loss of vision. गोब्राब जाथायफोराव बेयो कर्नियानि दाखोननि जाहोन जानो हायो जाय अरायथा नुथाय गोमानायनि जाहोनो हायो। Iritis - this condition causes your iris (the coloured part of your eye, behind the cornea) to become inflamed. इरितिस- बे थाथाया नोंनि आइरिसा (कर्नियानि खाथियाव नोंनि मेगननि गाबगोनां बाहागो) खामनाय जानायनि जाहोन। If you have iritis, and it is not treated, it can cause the iris to stick to the front surface of the lens, which prevents fluid draining from the pupil. नोंहा आइरितिस दङब्ला आरो बेयो फाहामजायाब्ला बेयो आइरिसा लेनसनि सिगां साबाहागोआव सिथाबनायनि जाहोन जानो हायो जाय मेगन-मनिनिफ्राय लाव-लाव बोहैनायखौ होबथायो। This can cause permanent damage to the eye. बेयो मेगनाव अरायथा गाज्रि-जानाय सोमजिहोनो हायो। If your GP is unsure about the diagnosis, or needs to determine the cause of your infection, they may have to take a swab from your infected eye. जुदि नोंनि जि पि या लैखोन-संथायफोर एबा नोंनि सनदेरनायनि जाहोनखौ थि-खालामनायनि गोनांथिफोरनि सोमोनदै रोखा-नङा, बिसोर नोंनि सनदेरजानाय मेगननिफ्राय मोनसे स्वाब लानो नांनो हागौ। This will be tested in a laboratory to find out the cause of your condition. बेयो नोंनि थासारिनि जाहोनखौ दिहुननो लेबरेतरियाव आनजाद-नायजानो हागौ। Your GP can then provide you with the most appropriate treatment. नोंनि जि पि या अब्ला नोंनो जोबोर थि सिकितसाखौ जगायनो हागोन। While your GP is awaiting the results of your swabs, you may be prescribed a short course of antibiotics to help keep your symptoms under control. जेब्ला नोंनि जि पि या नोंनि स्वाबनि फिथाइफोरखौ नेगासिनो दं, नों नोंनि लैखोनफोरखौ दबथायथिनि सिङाव लाखिनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो नों एनतिबायतिकफोरनि मोनसे सुंद’ फारि बोसोनजानो हागौ। When your GP finds out the results of the swab, you will then be prescribed the most suitable form of treatment for the cause of your condition. जेब्ला नोंनि जि पि या स्वाबनि फिथाइफोरखौ दिहुनो, बेनि-उनाव नों नोंनि थासारिनि जाहोननि थाखाय सिकितसानि जोबोर साबजाथाव महरखौ बोसोनजानो हागौ। If your baby is 28 days old, or younger, and displays symptoms of infective conjunctivitis, it is important to contact your GP straight away. जुदि नोंनि गथ’आ 28 सान बैसोनि, एबा दुइसिन, आरो सनदेरथाव मेगन-बिज्लाबफोरनि लैखोनफोर नुसारहोयो, थोंजोङै नोंनि जि पि खौ सोमोनदो-खालामनाया गोनांथार। Many babies may have what is known as a 'sticky eye'. गोबां गथ’हा सिदोब मेगन महरै जायखौ मिथियो थानो हागौ। This usually occurs when the tear (lachrymal) duct cannot drain properly. बेयो सरासनस्रायै नुजायो जेब्ला मोदै (लेक्रिमेल) नालाया मोजाङै बोहैहोनो हाया। If it cannot drain, it produces a discharge of pus, which can look similar to infective conjunctivitis. जुदि बेयो बोहैनो हाया, बेयो गोमोदैनि थाफादेरफोर सोमजिहोयो जायखौ सनदेरथाव मेगन-बिज्लाबजों एखे नुनो हायो। However, this condition is not serious, and does not require urgent treatment. होमब्लाबो, बे थासारिया गोमजोर नङा, आरो गोनांथार सिकितसानि गोनां जाया। If your baby also has redness in their eye, it may be a sign that the eye is infected. जुदि नोंनि खुदियायाबो बिसोरनि मेगनाव जाहाबनाय दं, बेयो मोनसे नेरसोनबो जानो हागौ दि मेगना सनदेरनाय। Your GP will examine your baby closely to see if this is the case. नोंनि जि पि या जाथाय बेनो नामा खाथियाव नायनो नोंनि गथ’खौ आनजाद-नायगोन। Any newborn babies with infective conjunctivitis must be referred to an eye specialist (ophthalmologist) straight away, so that their condition can be managed and treated to prevent any damage occurring to the eye. सनदेरथाव मेगन-बिज्लाब गोनां जायखि-जाया जोनोम-जागोदान खुदियाफोरा थोंजोङै सासे मेगन रोंगौसा (अपथालमलजिस्त) दैथायहरजानांगौ, जाहाथे बिसोरनि थासारिया सामलायजानो आरो मेगनाव नुजानाय जायखि-जाया गाज्रि-जानायखौ होबथानो जोथोन-लाजायो हायो। Infective conjunctivitis in newborn babies (neonatal conjunctivitis) can, in rare cases, cause serious complications (see 'complications' section). जोनोम-जागोदान खुदियाफोरनियाव (निअनेतेल मेगन-बिज्लाबफोर) सनदेरथाव मेगन-बिज्लाबफोरा खम बिथिंफोराव जानो-हायो, जाहोना गोमजोर जेथोफोर (‘जेथोफोर’ खोनदोखौ नाय)। However, with prompt treatment, most babies will make a full recovery. होमब्लाबो, गोख्रै सिकितसाजों बांसिन खुदियाफोरा आबुं हामनाय जागोन। The majority of cases of infective conjunctivitis do not require any medical treatment. सनदेरथाव मेगन-बिज्लाबफोरनि बांसिन जाथायफोरा जायखि-जाया सिकितसानि गोनां-जाया। As most infections will heal without treatment within one to two weeks, your GP may not initially prescribe any particular medicines or treatment for you. बांसिन सनदेरनायफोरा सेनिफ्राय नै हाबथाफोरसिमनि गेजेराव सिकितसा गैयालासे हामगोन हिसाबै, नोंनि जि पिया नोंनि थाखाय जागायनायाव जायखिजाया जर’खा मुलैफोर एबा सिकितसा बोसोन होआ जानो हागौ। In most cases, antibiotics will make little difference to your recovery from infective conjunctivitis. बांसिन जाथायफोराव, एनतिबायतिकफोरा सनदेरथाव मेगन-बिज्लाबफोरनिफ्राय नोंनि हामनायजों इसेल’थार फाराग खालामगोन। Therefore, you may be advised to delay using the medicine for seven days in order to see if the condition can resolve itself first. बेखायनो, नों गिबियाव थासारिया गावनो-गाव हामोना हामा नायनो थाखाय स्नि सानफोरनि थाखाय मुलै बाहायनायखौ बावहोनो बोसोन होजानो हागौ। About 10% of people who have their infective conjunctivitis treated with antibiotics experience adverse side effects. बिसोरनि सनदेरथाव मेगन-बिज्लाबफोरखौ एनतिबायतिकजों जोथोन-लाजानाय जाय 10% सुबुंफोरा सोलायाव उफेरा बिजाउनफोर रोंमोनदाङो। The risk of any complications from untreated infective conjunctivitis is very low, and so treatment with antibiotics is rarely necessary. जोथोन-लाजायि सनदेरथाव मेगन-बिज्लाबफोरनिफ्राय जायखि-जाया जेथोफोरनि गिनांनाया जोबोर खम, आरो बेखायनो एनतिबायतिकफोरजों जोथोन-लानाया खमै गोनां। If your infective conjunctivitis is particularly severe, and has lasted for more than two weeks, you may require antibiotic treatment. जुदि नोंनि सनदेरथाव मेगन-बिज्लाबफोरा जर’खायै गोब्राब, आरो हाबथानैनिख्रुय बांसिननि थाखाय जोरो, नोंहा एनतिबायतिक सिकितसानि गोनां जानो हागौ। Some schools, or playgroups, insist that a child is treated with antibiotics before they can return (although this is rarely necessary - see 'prevention' section). माखासे फरायसालिफोर, एबा गेलेग्रा-हानजाफोरा जर-होयोदि सासे गथ’आ बिसोर फैफिननो हानायनि आगोल एनतिबायतिकफोरजों जोथोन-लाजायो (जदिय बेयो खमै गोनां- ‘होबथानाय’ खोनदोखौ नाय)। However, if this is the case, your GP may agree to prescribe antibiotics. होमब्लाबो, जुदि जाथाया बेनो, नोंनि जि पिया एनतिबायतिक बोसोनथिनो राजि जानो हागौ। If you have been prescribed eye drops, your vision may become blurred shortly after using them. नों मेगन द्रपफोर बोसोनथिजाबायब्ला, बेफोरखौ बाहायनायनि दसे उनावनो नोंनि नोजोरा रोखा-नङि जानो हागौ। You should not to drive, or operate machinery straight after using eye drops, and, before doing so, you should always make sure that your vision is clear. नों सालायनो नाङा, एबा मेगन द्रपफोर बाहायनायनि लोगो-लोगो दाजेमारि सालायनो नाङा। If you still have symptoms after two weeks, it is very important that you go back to your GP, so that your condition can be reassessed, and your treatment reviewed. नोंहा नै हाबथाफोरनि उनावबो लैखोनफोर दंब्ला, बेयो जोबोर गोनांदि नों नोंनि जि पिनिसिम थांफिन, जाहाथे नोंनि थासारिया नायसंफिनजानो हायो आरो नोंनि सिकितसाया नायफिनजायो। The burrows of scabies mites can be highlighted by using an ink test. दब्रा एमफौफोरनि गुदुंफोरा मोनसे सियाहि आनजाद बाहायनानै नुसारहोजानो हायो। The ink is rubbed around an area of itchy skin, and is then wiped off using an alcohol pad. सियाहिया मानस्लुनाय बिगुरनि जायगा सोरगिदिं हुब्लिरजायो, आरो बेनि-उनाव मोनसे एलकहल पेड बाहायनानै हुस्लिबजायो। If scabies burrows are present, some of the ink will remain and will have tracked into the burrows, showing up as a dark line. दब्राफोर गुदुंफोरा नुजायोब्ला, सियाहिनि माखासेया थायो आरो मोनसे गोसोम लारि बादि नुहोनानै गुदुंफोराव हाबलांगोन। To confirm the diagnosis, a sample of skin may be gently scraped from the affected area, for examination under a microscope. लैखोन-संथायखौ रोखा-खालामनो मोनसे माइक्रस्कपनि सिङाव आनजाद-नायनायनि थाखाय खहा-जानाय जायगानिफ्राय बिगुरनि मोनसे नेरसोना माहियै खुरख्लाबजानो हागौ। The sample will be used to look for the mites, their eggs, and their faeces. नेरसोना एमफौफोर, बिसोरनि बिदैफोर आरो बिसोरनि खि-मैलाफोर नायनो बाहायजागोन। A diagnosis can often be confidently made if more than one family member has the same symptoms. मोनसे लैखोन-संथाया फ्राय रोखायै खालामजानो हायो जुदि सासेनिख्रुय बांसिन नखर सोद्रोमाहा एखे लैखोनफोर दं। Although over-the-counter (OTC) treatments are available for scabies, it is recommended that you visit your GP if this is the first time you have had a scabies infestation. होमब्लाबो, दब्रानि थाखाय एरैनो बायनाय मुलै (अ ति सि) जोथोनफोरा मोननो-हाथाव, बेयो गनायजानायदि नों नोंनि जि पि निसिम थां जुदि नों दब्रा साग्लोबसारनायखौ गिबि खेबनि थाखाय मोनबाय। This is because other, more serious skin conditions can cause similar symptoms to scabies. बेयो मानोना गुबुन बांसिन गोमजोर बिगुर थासारिफोरा दब्राफोरनि एखे लैखोनफोर सोमजिहोनो हायो। It is therefore important for your GP to rule these out as a cause of your symptoms. बेयो बेखायनो नोंनि जि पि नि थाखाय नोंनि लैखोनफोरनि जाहोन महरै बेफोरखौ जाथावि-खालामनाया गोनांथार। However, if another member of your household has already been diagnosed with scabies, you will not need to visit your GP and should proceed with treatment. होमब्लाबो, नोंनि नखरनि गुबुन सोद्रोमाया दब्राफोर संजाखाबायब्ला, नों नोंनि जि पि निसिम थांनो आरो सिकितसा आवगायनायनि गोनां जानाय नङा। The two most widely used treatments for scabies are permethrin cream and malathion cream. दब्राफोरनि थाखाय मोननै जोबोर गोबाङै बाहायनाय सिकितसाफोरा पेरमेथ्रिन क्रिम आरो मालाथियन क्रिम। Permethrin is usually recommended first, and malathion cream is used if the permethrin cream proves ineffective. सरासनस्रायै पेरमेथ्रिना गिबियाव गनायजायो, आरो पेरमेथ्रिना गोहोमगैयि फोरमान-जाब्ला मालाथिय क्रिमा बाहायजायो। Both creams contain insecticides that kill the scabies mite. एम्फौ-सिथारग्रा थाफानाय मोननैबो क्रिमा जाय दब्रा एम्फौफोरखौ सिथारो। If you are using permethrin cream, you should apply it to your whole body, from your chin and ears downwards making sure that your include the ears. नों जुदि पेरमेथ्रिन बाहायगासिनो दं, नों बेखौ नोंनि खोमाफोरखौ लाफानायखौ रोखा खालामनानै नोंनि खौखाब आरो खोमानिफ्राय गाहाय-फारसे नोंनि गासै देहायाव फोननो नांगौ। If you are using the cream on a child who is under two years of age, you should also apply the cream to their scalp, face, and ears. नों क्रिमखौ सासे खुदियानियाव बाहायगासिनो दंब्ला जाय नै बोसोर बैसोनि गाहाय, नों क्रिमखौ बिसोरनि खर’बिगुर, मोखां आरो खोमाफोरावबो फोननांगौ। When applying the cream, you should pay particular attention to the fingers, toes, and the areas of skin under the nails. क्रिमखौ फोननाय समाव, नों आसिफोर, आथिं-आसिफोर, आरो आसिगुरफोर सिंनि बिगुरनि ओनसोलफोरसिम जर’खा गोसो-होथाय होनांगौ। You will need to leave the cream on for between 8-12 hours. नों 8-12 घन्ताफोरनि गेजेराव क्रिमखौ हुगारनो नांगोन। If you wash your hands, or any other part of your body, during this time, you will need to reapply the cream. बे समनि गेजेराव नों नोंनि आखायफोरखौ, एबा नोंनि देहानि जायखि-जाया बाहागोखौ सुयोब्ला नों क्रिमखौ फुनफिननो नांगोन। Treatment must be repeated after seven days. सिकितसाया स्नि सानफोरनि उनाव खालामफिनथारनांगोन। The instructions for applying malathion cream are exactly the same as for permethrin cream, except that you need to leave the cream on for 24 hours, rather than between 8-12 hours. मेलेथियन क्रिम फुननायनि थाखाय फोरोंथायफोरा नों क्रिमखौ 8-12 घन्ताफोरनि गेजेराव हुगारनायनि सोलायै 24 घन्ताफोरनि थाखायनि अनगायै पेरमेथ्रिन क्रिमनि थाखाय जेरै बिदिथारैनो एखे। Again, you will need to repeat the treatment after seven days. फिन, नों सिकितसाखौ स्नि सानफोरनि उनाव खालामफिनो गोनां जागोन। On the same day that you first apply the cream, you should also wash all clothes, bed linen, and towels, at a temperature of above 50C (122F). एखे सानावनो दि नों गिबियै क्रिमखौ फुनो, नों गासै जिफोर, एम जि, आरो गामसा-फालिफोरखौबो 50 से. (122 एफ) नि सानि बिदुङाव सुनांगोन। If you are unable to wash certain items, place them in a plastic bag for at least 72 hours, by which time the mites will have died. नों थि मुवाफोरखौ सुनो हायाब्ला, बेफोरखौ खमैबो 72 घन्टाफोरनि थाखाय प्लास्तिक जलंगायाव दोन, जाय समजों एम्फौफोरा फोथैजागोन। It is not necessary to fumigate furniture, pets, or carpets. आयजें-आयला, ननि-जुनार, एबा कारपेतफोरखौ मुलै फुननो गोनां नङा। If you have been diagnosed with scabies, you should avoid any close and prolonged physical contact with other people until you have applied the cream for the first time. नों दब्राफोर संजाबायब्ला, नों गिबि-खेबनि थाखाय क्रिम फोनायसिमहालागै गुबुन सुबुंफोरजों जायखि-जाय खाथि एबा गोलाव-सम सोमोनदोखौ नेवसिनांगोन। You should also avoid close contact with other household members until their treatment has been completed. नों नखरनि गुबुन सोद्रोमाफोरजोंबो बेफोरनि सिकितसाया फोजोबजानायसिमहालागै खाथि सोमोनदोखौ नेवसिनांगोन। Children and adults can return to school, or work, after the first application of cream has been completed. खुदियाफोर एबा बैसो-गोराफोरा क्रिमनि गिबि फुननाया फोजोबजानायनि उनाव फरायसालि एबा खामानियाव थांनो हागोन। Your GP should also be able to prescribe creams, such as a mild steroid creams, that can help relieve the symptoms of itchiness. नोंनि जि पि याबो क्रिम बिथोनलाय-होनो हानांगोन, जेरै बादि गेजेर-जखानि रसायन-मुवा क्रिमफोर जाय मानस्लुनायनि लैखोनफोरखौ रैखा-होनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो हायो। The over-the-counter (OTC) remedy, camomile lotion, may also help to relieve itchy skin. एरैनो-बायनाय (अ ति सि) फाहामलु केममाइल लसनाबो मानस्लुनाय बिगुरखौ रैखा-होनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो हागौ। Oral antihistamines can help to control symptoms of itching and help with sleeping. खुगायारि एन्थिथिस्थामिनफोरा मानस्लुनायनि लैखोनफोरखौ दबथायनायाव हेफाजाब-होनो हायो आरो उनदुनायाव हेफाजाब-होयो। These can be bought over- the counter (OTC) at your local pharmacy. बेफोरो नोंनि जायगायारि फारमासियाव एरैनो-बायनाय (अ ति सि) महरै बायजानो हायो। However, they might cause drowsiness, so avoid driving, or operating heavy machinery, if you are affected in this way. होमब्लाबो, बेफोर थेनथावरोमनाय सोमजिहोन हागौ, बेखायनो सालायनो एबा गिलिर दाजेमारि सामलायनायखौ नेवसि, जुदि बे राहायै नो खहा-खालामजायो। If you unsure, check with your GP, or pharmacist. नों रोखा नङाब्ला, नोंनि जि पि एबा फारमासिस्तजों नायसंजा। The symptoms of itchiness can persist for several weeks after treatment because your immune system is still reacting to the presence of dead mites and their waste products. मानस्लुनायनि लैखोनफोरा सिकितसानि उनाव गोबां हाबथाफोरनि थाखाय थाबायथानो हायो मानोना नोंनि होबथा बिखान्थिया दासिमबो थैनाय एम्फौ आरो बिसोरनि सिगार मुवाफोरनि थानायजों फिनजाथाय जागासिनो दं। See your GP if the symptoms of itchiness persist for more than six weeks. नोंनि जि पि जों नायजा जुदि मानस्लुनायनि लैखोनफोरा द हाबथाफोरनिख्रुय बांसिननि थाखाय थाबायथायो। A doctor usually makes a firm diagnosis based on the characteristic signs and symptoms. सासे दाकथारा सरासनस्रायै नेरसोनफोर आरो लैखोनफोरनि आखुनि सायाव सोनारनानै गोमजोर लैखोन-संथाय खालामो। A sample of saliva from the back of the throat (a throat swab) is taken, to be tested in the laboratory. गोदोनानि उन (गोदोना सिगार-मुवा) निफ्राय खुदैनि मोनसे नेरसोना आन्जाद-सालियाव आनजाद-नायनो लाजायो। This helps to confirm the bacteria causing the infection. बेयो बेक्तेरियाया सनदेरनाय सोमजिहोनायखौ रोखा-खालामनायाव हेफाजाब-होयो। In certain cases, a blood test may be required. थि बिथिंफोराव, मोनसे थै आनजादनि गोनां-जानो हागौ। This means that your doctor must report any cases to the local health authorities so they can monitor the spread of the disease. बे ओंथि-होयो दि नोंनि दाकथारा जायगायारि सावस्रि मोनथायगिरिफोरनिसिम जायखि-जाया जाथायफोर फोरमायथिहरथारनांगोन जाहाथे बेरामनि गोसारथायखौ नुसारहोनो हायो। Most mild cases of scarlet fever will go away in about a week or so even without treatment. जाहाबनाय लोमजानायनि गेजेर-जखानि बांसिन जाथाया हाबथा मोनसे एबा बिदिनो सिकितसा गैयालासेबो जानगारगोन। However, it is advised that you seek treatment to speed recovery and to avoid any complications. होमब्लाबो, बे बोसोनजायोदि हामनायखौ गोख्रैहोनो आरो जायखि-जाया जेथोफोरखौ नेवसिनो नों सिकितसा नागिरगोन। With treatment, most people recover after 4 to 5 days. सिकितसाजों, बांसिन सुबुंफोरा 4 निफ्राय 5 सानफोरनि उनाव हामो। The common treatment for scarlet fever is a 10 day course of antibiotics. जाहाबनाय लोमजानायनि थाखाय सरासनस्रा सिकितसाया एन्तिबायतिकसनि 10 सान फालि। This will usually be penicillin taken by mouth. बेयो सरासनस्रायै खुगाजों आजावनाय पेनिसिलिन जागोन। If your child is allergic to penicillin, then the antibiotic erythromycin can be used instead. जुदि नोंनि खुदियाया पेनिसिलिनाव मानलुनाय-जायो, अब्ला सोलायाव एन्तिबायतिक एरिथ्रमाइसिनखौ बाहायनो हायो। Symptoms usually go in a few days if the antibiotics are taken properly. लैखोनफोरा सरासनस्रायै इसे सानफोरावनो खारो जुदि एन्तिबायतिकफोरा मोजाङै लाजायो। The whole course of treatment must be finished, to make sure the infection is fully cleared. सिकितसानि गासै फालियानो सनदेरनाया आबुङै फोजोबस्रांजानायखौ रोखा खालामनो फोजोबजाथारनांगौ, The fever will normally disappear within 12 to 24 hours of starting the antibiotic course. एन्तिबायतिक फालिखौ जागायनायनि 12 निफ्राय 24 घन्ताफोरनि गेजेराव लोमजानाया सरासनस्रायै गोमागोन। It is a good idea for the person with scarlet fever to drink plenty of cool fluids, especially if they have little appetite. जाहाबनाय लोमजानाय गोनां सुबुंनि थाखाय थोजासे गुसु लाव-मुवा लोंनाया मोनसे मोजां सानदांथि, जर’खायै जुदि बिसोर इसेल’थार उखैनाय दं। It is also best to keep the room at a cool temperature. खथाखौ गुसु बिदुङाव लाखिनायाबो साबसिनथार। Paracetamol can also be taken to relieve aches and pains and bring down a high temperature. खस्थ-मोननायफोर आरो सानायफोरखौ रैखा-मोननो पेरासितामलाबो आजावजानो हायो आरो गोबां मोनदांथिखौ गाहायाव लाबोयो। If left untreated, the skin may continue shedding for several weeks after and there is a higher risk of complications. जोथोनलायाजासे नागारजायोब्ला, उनाव गोबां हाबथाफोरनि थाखाय बिगुराव नुजाबायथानो हागौ आरो बिहाय जेथोफोरनि बांसिन गिथावना दं। This is made on the basis of the symptoms and clinical signs, the culture of the germs from the blood, and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid through lumbar puncture. बेयो लैखोनफोर आरो क्लिनिकारि नेरसोनफोर, थैनिफ्राय जिवसाफोरनि हारिमु, आरो जानजियारि गुदुंनि गेजेरजों सेरेब्रस्पिनेल लाव-मुवानि बिजिरथायनि बिथानि सायाव बानायजायो। See the 'related articles' section for more information about lumbar punctures. जानजियारि गुदुंनि सोमोनदै आरोबाव खौरांनि थाखाय ‘सोमोनदो-गोनां लिरबिदां’ खोनदोखौ नाय। If meningitis is suspected, antibiotics must be given immediately without waiting for confirmation from germ culture. जुदि सनदेरनाय-बेरामा सनदेह-खालामजायो, एन्तिबायतिकफोरा जिवसा हारिमुनिफ्राय रोखा-खालामनायनि थाखाय नेनाय गैयालासे गोख्रैनो होजाथारनांगौ। The glass (tumbler) test can be used to determine if a rash might be septicaemia by pressing the side of a clear drinking glass onto the rash or bruises and checking that they fade. जुदि दब्राया थै-मैला-जानाय जानो हागौ, दब्रा एबा दोलानायाव उदां लोंनाय गिलासनि खनाजों नारसिननानै आरो बेफोर नुथाव-जानायखौ नायसंनानै गिलास (लोंग्रा-गिलास) आनजादा थि-खालामनो बाहायजानो हायो। If they do not fade, the rash is more likely to be due to septicaemia. जुदि बेफोर नुथाव-जाया, दब्राया थै-मैला-जानायनि जाहोनाव बांसिन जानो-हाथाव। In a small number of cases the rash may fade at first but may later change into one that does not fade. जोबोर खम बिबांनि जाथायफोराव दब्राया गिबियाव नुथाव-जानो हागौ नाथाय उनाव नुथाव-जायि मोनसेयाव सोलायहैयो। Urgent treatment with antibiotics and appropriate hospital management is essential for someone with bacterial meningitis. बेकतेरियायारि सनदेरनाय-बेराम गोनां सोरबा-सासेनि थाखाय एन्तिबायतिकफोर आरो थि फाहामसालि सामलायथायजों गोख्रै सिकितसा-खालामनाया गोनांथार। The sooner they are diagnosed and treated, the greater chance there is they will make a full recovery. जेसे-गोख्रैसिनै बेफोर संजायो आरो जोथोन-लाजायो, बेफोर आबुं हामनाय खालामगोननि खाबुवा बिहाय बांसिन। Anyone who has been in direct, close, prolonged contact with the infected person (normally family members and those deemed to be at an increased risk) should be given appropriate protective antibiotics if necessary. जायखि-जाया जाय सनदेरजानाय सुबुंजों थोंजों, खाथि, गोलाव-सम सोमोनदोआव दंबोगासिनो दं (सरासनस्रायै नखर सोद्रोमाफोर आरो बांनाय गिनो-गोनाङाव दं सानजानाय बैसोर) गोनां जायोब्ला थि रैखाथि-गोनां एन्तिबायतिकफोर होजानांगौ। Viral meningitis cannot be helped by antibiotics and treatment is based on good nursing care. भाइरासारि सनदेरनाय-बेरामा एन्तिबायतिक्सजों हेफाजाब-होजानो हाया आरो सिकितसाया मोजां नारसिं जोथोननि सायाव सोनारो। Recovery is normally complete, but headaches, tiredness and depression may persist for weeks or even months. फाहामनाया सरासनस्रायै आबुं, नाथाय खर’सानाय, मेंनाय आरो सिन्था-जानाया हाबथा एबा दानफोरनि थाखायबो थाबाय-थानो हागौ। Malaria is a tropical disease passed on to humans by mosquitoes, and is present in over 100 countries. मेलेरियाया थाम्फैजों सुबुंनियाव बारदेरनाय क्रान्तियारि बेराम, आरो 100 निख्रुय बारा हादोरफोराव दं। Occasional isolated outbreaks have been reported in England, particularly by airport workers, and those who have contact with items imported from other countries. सम-समारि जुदा-जानाय नुजाब्रबथायफोरा इंलेण्डाव फोरमायहरजाबाय, जर’खायै बिरखं-गाथोन मावग्राफोरजों, आरो बैसोर जाय गुबुन हादोरनिफ्राय लाबोजानाय मुवाफोरजों सोमोनदो दं। Altogether, around 2,000 cases of malaria are brought into the UK each year. जयै, 2,000 फ्राम मेलेरियानि जाथायफोरा इउ के याव मोनफ्रोम बोसोराव लाबोजायो। Malaria predominantly affects countries in Africa, south and central America, Asia, and the middle east. मेलेरियाया गोख्रोङै आफ्रिका, खोला आरो मिरु आमेरिका, एसिया, आरो गेजेर सानजाहानि हादोरफोराव गोहोम-खोख्लैयो। The disease is particularly widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, where over 90% of malaria-related deaths occur. बेरामा जरखायै लेङाइ-साहारायारि आफ्रिकायाव गुवारै-गोसारनाय, जेराव 90% नि बारा मेलेरिया-सोमोनदो-गोनां थैनाया नुजायो। Almost two thirds of all cases of malaria-related deaths occur among the poorest 20% of the world's population. प्राय मेलेरिया-सोमोनदोगोनां थैनायनि गासै जाथायनि नै बाहागोनि थाम बाहागोआ बुहुमनि सुबुं-अनजिमानि 20% निखावरिसिनथारनि गेजेराव नुजायो। Benign malaria is milder and relatively easy to treat. बेनिग मेलेरियाया गेजेर-जखासिननि आरो रुजुथायारियै जोथोन-लानो गोरलै। Malignant malaria can be very severe, and is sometimes fatal. मेलिगनेन्त मेलेरियाया जोबोर गोब्राब जानो हायो आरो माब्लाबा-समाव फोथैयो। If malignant malaria is suspected, immediate medical attention is required. गिथाव मेलेरियाया सनदे-खालामजायोब्ला गोख्रै मेडिकेल जोथोना गोनां जायो। Chickenpox is a highly infectious disease caused by one of a group of viruses called the Herpes viruses. लोनथि-बेरनाया हारप भाइरासफोर बुंनाय भाइरासफोरनि हानजानि मोनसेजों सोमजिहोजानाय जोबोरै सनदेरनाय बेराम। There are many different types of Herpes virus, but one feature which they all have is that they lie dormant in the body after the initial infection, and can reactivate much later. बिहाय गोबां रोखोमनि हारप भाइरासफोर दं, नाथाय बिसोर गासैहाबो थानाय मोनसे आखुवा जादोंदि बिसोर जागायनाय बारदेरनाय उनाव देहायाव थैहाबनायबादि गोलाङो, आरो उनाव बांसिन मावथिफिन-जानो हायो। The disease caused by the reactivation of the chickenpox virus is known as shingles and it may occur when the immune system is run down. लोनथि-बेरनाय भाइरासनि मावथि-जाफिननायजों सोमहोजानाय बेरामखौ सिंगोलस महरै मिथिनाय जायो आरो बेयो होबथा-बिखानथिया गाहाय जायोब्ला नुजानो हागौ। Flu (also known as influenza) is a disease of the lungs and upper airways caused by infection with a flu virus. फ्लु (इनफ्लुएनजा महरैबो मिथिजानाय) आ फ्लु भाइरास सनदेरनायजों सोमजिहोजानाय संफ्लफोर आरो गोजौ बार-लामाफोरनि मोनसे बेराम। The virus spreads in the lungs and airways. भाइरासा संफ्लफोर आरो बार-लामाफोराव गोसारो। There are three flu viruses, known as A, B and C. The main symptoms are a high temperature that comes on quickly and general aches and pains. ए, बि आरो सि महरै मिथिजानाय बिहाय मोन थाम भाइरासफोर दं। गुबै लैखोनफोरा गोजौ बिदुङारि जाय गोख्रैयै फैयो आरो सरासनस्रायै खस्त-होयो आरो सायो। You may also experience a loss of appetite, nausea and a harsh dry cough. नों उखैनाय गोमानाय, गोबाल’नाय आरो गोब्राब गोरान गुजुनायनिबो रोंमोनदांथिनो हागौ। Your symptoms will usually peak after 2-3 days and you should begin to feel much better within 5-8 days, although a cough and general tiredness may last for 2-3 weeks. नोंनि लैखोनफोरा 2-3 सानफोरनि उनाव सरासनस्रायै थिखिनि-जौखोगोन आरो नों 5-8 सानफोरनि गेजेराव साबसिन मोनदांनो जागायनांगोन, जदिय गुजुनाय आरो सरासनस्रा मेंनाया 2-3 हाबथाफोरनि थाखाय जोरनो हागौ। The flu virus is usually spread in the small droplets of saliva coughed or sneezed into the atmosphere by an infected person. फ्लु भाइरासा सरासनस्रायै सनदेरजानाय मानसिजों बारमण्डलाव खुदै गुजुनाय एबा हासिवनायनि फिसा थरथिंफोराव गोसारहोजायो। Direct contact with hands contaminated with the virus can also spread infection. भाइरासजों मैला-खालामजानाय आखायफोरजों थोंजों सोमोनदोआबो सनदेरनाय गोसारहोनो हायो। It takes between 1-4 days (average 2 days) to go from being infected to having the full symptoms. बेयो सरासनस्रायै सनदेरजानायनिफ्राय आबुं लैखोनफोरखौ मोननो 1-4 सानफोरनि (गड़ 2 सानफोर) गेजेराव लायो। People with flu are usually infectious a day before symptoms start and remain infectious for approximately 5 days after the start of the flu symptoms. फ्लु गोनां सुबुंफोरा सरासनस्रायै लैखोनफोरा जागायनायनि से सान आगोल सनदेरहोजाथाव आरो फ्लु लैखोनफोरा जागायनायनि उनाव प्राय 5 सानफोरनि थाखाय सनदेरहोजाथाव जाना-थायो। Children and people with lowered immune systems may remain infectious for longer. खम होबथा बिखान्थिफोर गोनां खुदियाफोर आरो सुबुंफोरा गोबावसिननि थाखाय सनदेरहोजाथाव जाना-थायो। You should, therefore, try to avoid all unnecessary contact with others during the infectious period. बेखायनो नों, सनदेरहोजाथाव सम-फारिनि गेजेराव गुबुनजों गासै गोनां-नङि सोमोनदोफोरखौ नेवसिनो नाजानांगौ। Flu usually occurs during the winter months, from October to April in the UK. फ्लुवा सरासनस्रायै इउ. के. याव गोजां-बोथोर दानफोरनि गेजेराव, अक्टबरनिफ्राय एप्रिलसिम नुजायो। Complications such as a chest infection can affect people who are elderly, or those with certain medical conditions. सरजाबदेरनाय-बेरामा जेरै-बादि जेरबा सनदेरनाया सुबुंखौ गोहोम-खोख्लैनो हायो जायफोरा गेदेर, एबा थि मेडिकेल थासारिफोर गोनां बैसोरखौ। This can result in serious illness and can be life threatening. बेयो गोमजोर लोमजानाय सोमजिहोनो हायो आरो जिउ सिगिनाय जानो-हायो। The number of people who consult their GP with flu-like illness during the winter varies considerably from year to year (usually between 50 and 200 for every 100,000 population). सुबुं अनजिमाया जाय बिसोरनि जि पि जों फ्लु- जेरै मेसेंनि समाव लोमजानायखौ सावरायज्लायो बोसोरनिफ्राय बोसोर गनायथावनायै बायदि-रोखोम जायो (सरासनस्रायै मोनफ्रोम 100,000 सुबुं-अनजिमानि थाखाय 50 आरो 200 नि गेजेराव)। However, healthy people with flu do not need to consult their GP. होमब्लाबो, फ्लु गोनां गुफुं सुबुङा बिसोरनि जि पि जों सावरायज्लायनो गोनां नङा। An epidemic can be declared if more than 400 people per 100,000 of the population consult their GP with flu or a flu-like illness every week. मोनफ्रोम 100,000 सुबुं-अनजिमायाव 400 निख्रुय बांसिन फ्लु एबा फ्लु- बादि मोनफ्रोम हाबथायाव लोमजानाय गोनां सुबुङा बिसोरनि जि पि जों सावरायज्लायोब्ला मोनसे बारदेरनाय-बेरामा फोस्रावजानो हायो। Flu-like illness describes a variety of other illnesses, which result in similar symptoms. फ्लु-बादि लोमजानाया बायदि-रोखोमनि गुबुन लोमजानायफोरखौ बुंफोरा, जाय एखे लैखोनफोरजों सोमजियो। Around half of all acute cases of hepatitis are due to a viral infection. हेपाताइतिसनि गासै गोब्राब जाथायफोरनि खावसेफ्रामा भाइरासारि सनदेरनायनि जाहोनाव जायो। Several kinds of hepatitis virus can infect the liver, but the most common are the hepatitis A and B viruses. गोबां रोखोमनि हेपाताइतिस भाइरासा बिखाखौ सनदेरहोनो हायो, नाथाय जोबोर सरासनस्राया जादों हेपाताइतिस ए आरो बि भाइरासफोरा। Hepatitis A is caught through the contamination of food and water with faeces (stools) through poor personal hygiene or sanitation. हेपाताइतिस ए या गावारि सावस्रि एबा साब-सिखोनथिनि आंखालनि गेजेरजों मैलाफोर (खिफोर) गोनां आदार आरो दैनि मैला-जानायनि गेजेरजों बारदेरो। Hepatitis B is spread through the exchange of blood and body fluids. हेपाताइतिस बि या थै आरो देहा लाव-मुवाफोर सोलाय-सोल’नि गेजेरजों गोसारो। It can be caught through unprotected sex, unsterilised needles, needlestick injury (accidental puncture of skin by a used needle), or contaminated blood products. बेयो रैखाथिगैयि आथोन, बिजानु-होखारि बेजिफोर, बिजि-लाउथि जखम-जानाय (जाब्रबथायारियै बाहायनाय बिजिजों बिगुर सुफ्लंनाय) एबा मैला-गोनां थै दिहुनथाफोरनि गेजेरजों नांदेरफानो हायो। Hepatitis C is also spread through the exchange of blood or blood products. हेपाताइतिस सि या थै एबा थै दिहुनथायफोरनि सोलाय-सोल’ नि गेजेरजोंबो गोसारहोजायो। It is spread through sharing needles and needlestick accidents. बेयो बिजिफोर नाजावलायनाय आरो बेजि-लाउथि जाब्रबथायफोरनि गेजेरजों गोसारहोजायो। It was also spread by blood transfusions before September 1992, when screening for hepatitis C was brought in. बेयो सेप्टेमबर 1992 नि आगोल थै दोनस्लायनायजोंबो गोसारहोजादोंमोन, जेब्ला हेपाताइतिस सि नि थाखाय नुसारहोनाया लाबोजादोंमोन। There are four other recognised hepatitis viruses, named from C to G. Hepatitis A and E cause only acute infection, while hepatitis B and C cause chronic (ongoing) illness. बिहाय सि निफ्राय जि सिम मुंहोनाय, गुबुन मोनब्रै गनायजानाय हेपाताइतिस भाइरासफोर दं। हेपाताइतिस बि आरो सि या गोब्राब (सोलिबायथानाय) लोमजानाय सोमजिहोनाय समाव हेपाताइतिस ए आरो इ या गोब्राब सनदेरनायल’ सोमजिहोयो। Hepatitis D is only present in people infected with hepatitis B. The glandular fever virus can also be a cause of hepatitis. हेपाताइतिस दि या हेपाताइतिस बि जों सनदेरजानाय सुबुंफोरनियावल’ थायो। ग्लेण्डआरि लोमजानाय भाइरासाबो हेपाताइतिसनि मोनसे जाहोन जानो हायो। Vaccinations are available for hepatitis A and hepatitis B (singly or combined), and also as a combination of hepatitis A and typhoid. हेपाताइतिस ए आरो हेपाताइतिस बि (हारसिङै एबा जथायै) नि थाखाय मुलै-होथायफोरा मोननो-हाथाव, आरो हेपाताइतिस ए आरो ताइफयेदनि मोनसे जथाय महरैबो। Autoimmune hepatitis is a very rare cause of chronic hepatitis (long-term inflammation). अतइमिउन हेपाताइतिसा गोब्राब हेपाताइसि (गोलाव-सम आलौनाय) नि मोनसे जोबोर आगोमा जाहोन। The reasons are still unknown as to why the immune system that usually attacks any viruses, germs or bacteria, begins to attack the body, mistaking organs as one of these foreign bodies. जायखि-जाया भाइरासफोर, बिजानुफोर एबा बेकतेरियाखौ सरासनस्रायै गाग्लोबनाय होबथा बिखानथिया बैफोर गुबुनारि देहाफोरनि मोनसे महरै अंगफोरखौ गोरोनथि-सिनायनानै मानो देहाखौ गाग्लोबनो जागायोनि जाहोनफोरा दाबो मिथिजायि। In autoimmune hepatitis your white blood cells (called lymphocytes) attack your liver causing chronic inflammation and damage. अतइमिउन हेपाताइतिसाव नोंनि गुफुर थै जिबख्रिफोरा (लिम्फसाइतफोर बुंनाय) गोब्राब खामग्लाबनाय आरो गाज्रि-जानाय सोमजिहोनानै नोंनि बिखाखौ गोग्लोबो। This can then lead to more serious problems such as liver failure. अब्ला बेयो बांसिन गोमजोर जेंना जेरै बादि बिखा फेलें सोमजिहोनो हायो। Autoimmune hepatitis is very uncommon in the UK, with only 1 in 100,000 cases being diagnosed every year. अतइमिउन हेपाताइतिसा इउ के याव मोनफ्रोम बोसोराव 100,000 जाथायाव सा 1 ल’ संजानायजों जोबोर सरासनस्रा-नङि। About 7 in 10 cases are in women usually between the ages of 15-40. 7-10 फ्राम जाथायफोरा सरासनस्रायै 15-40 बोसोर-बैसोफोरनि गेजेरनि आयजोफोरनियाव। However, men tend to be more affected than women in older age groups. होमब्लाबो, हौवाफोरा बैसो गोरासिन हानजाफोरनि आयजोफोरनिख्रुय बांसिन गाग्लोबजानो नागिरो। See your GP immediately if you begin to show any of these symptoms so that tests can be carried out for an early diagnosis. नों बैफोर लैखोनफोरनि जायखि-जाया नुहोनो जागायोब्ला नोंनि जि पि नियाव गोख्रैयै नायहै जाहाथे मोनसे आगु संथायनि थाखाय आनजादफोर नायजानो हायो। Treatments for autoimmune hepatitis involve medicines that help suppress the immune system to reduce inflammation. अतइमिउन हेपाताइतिसनि थाखाय सिकितसाफोरा मुलैफोरखौ लाफायो जाय खामग्लाबनायखौ खमायनो होबथा बिखान्थिखौ दमायनायाव हेफाजाब-होयो। Steroid medication (prednisolone) can gradually reduce your swelling over several weeks, and then be used to control your symptoms. स्तेरयड मुलै-होथाया (प्रेदनिसलन) गोबां हाबथानि गेजेराव नोंनि बुदबनायखौ लासै-लासै खमायनो हायो, आरो बेनि-उनाव नोंनि लैखोनफोर दबथायनायजों हुदा-जायो। Hepatitis A is an infection caused by the hepatitis A virus, which leads to inflammation of the liver. हेपाताइतिस ए या हेपाताइतिस ए भाइरासजों सोमजिहोजानाय मोनसे सनदेरनाय, जाय बिखानि आलौनाय सोमजिहोयो। It is the most common type of viral hepatitis. बेयो भाइरासारि हेपाताइतिसनि जोबोर सरासनस्रा रोखोम। Hepatitis A does occur in the UK, but it is more common in some other countries where sanitation and sewage disposal can be poor, particularly Africa, northern and southern Asia, Central America and southern and eastern Europe. हेपाताइतिस ए या इउ के याव नुजायो, नाथाय बेयो माखासे गुबुन हादोरफोराव बांसिन सरासनस्रा जेराव दै-जगायथाय आरो दाखोर सामलायथाया खम-गुननि जानो हायो, जर’खायै आफ्रिका, साहायारि आरो खोलाहायारि एसिया, मिरु आमेरिका आरो खोलायारि आरो सानजायारि इउरप। It mostly affects children and young adults. बेयो खुदियाफोर आरो लायमोन बैसो-गोराफोरखौ गाग्लोबो। The virus is usually caught by putting something in your mouth that has been contaminated with the stools (faeces) of someone with hepatitis A. Hepatitis A is usually an acute (short term) infection and though the symptoms can be unpleasant, it is very rarely serious. भाइरासा सरासनस्रायै नोंनि खुगायाव माबाइसे होनायजों बारदेरो जाय हेपाताइतिस ए गोनां सोरबा-सासेनि खिफोर (मैलाफोर) जों मैला-खालामजानाय। हेपाताइतिस ए सरासनस्रायै मोनसे गोब्राब (सुंद’ सम) सनदेरथाय आरो लैखोनफोरा गोजोनथाव-नङि जानो हाब्लाबो, बेयो जोबोर आगोमायै गोख्रों। Hepatitis A can occur at any age. हेपाताइतिस ए या जायखि-जाया बैसोआवनो नुजानो हायो। The incubation period (the time from coming into contact with the virus to developing the infection) is approximately between 2-6 weeks. बेराम-सोमजिनाय सम-फारिया (भाइरासजों सोमोनदोआव फैनाय समनिफ्राय सनदेरथायखौ जौगाहोनायसिम) 2-6 हाबथाफोरनि गेजेराव। Hepatitis is a general term that means inflammation of the liver. हेपाताइतिसा मोनसे सरासनस्रा सोदोब जाय बिखानि आलौनायखौ ओंथि-होयो। Inflammation of the liver can result from infection, from exposure to alcohol, certain medications, chemicals, or poisons, or from a disorder of the immune system. बिखानि आलौनाया सनदेरनायनिफ्राय, फेग्रा-मुवा, रोखा मुलै-होथायफोर, रसायनारिफोर, एबा बिष सिम उदां-खालामनायनिफ्राय, एबा थि-नङि होबथा बिखान्थिनिफ्राय सोमजियो। Hepatitis A refers to liver inflammation caused by infection with the hepatitis A virus (HAV). हेपाताइतिस ए या हेपाताइतिस ए भाइरास (एइस ए भि) नि सनदेरनायजों सोमजिहोनाय बिखा आलौनायखौ फोरमायो। HAV is one of several viruses that can cause hepatitis and is one of the 3 most common hepatitis viruses in the United States. एइस ए भि आ माखासे भाइरासफोरनि मोनसे जाय हेपाताइतिस सोमजिहोनो हायो आरो जुथाय हादोरफोरनि मोन 3 जोबोर सरासनस्रा हेपाताइतिसफोरनि मोनसे। The other 2 are hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Unlike hepatitis B and hepatitis C, hepatitis A does not cause chronic (ongoing, long-term) disease. गुबुन मोन 2 या जादों हेपाताइतिस बि आरो हेपाताइतिस सि। हेपाताइतिस बि आरो हेपाताइतिस सि नि नङिबादि, हेपाताइतिस ए या गोब्राब (सोलिबायथानाय, गोलाव-सम) बेराम सोमजिहोआ। Although the liver does become inflamed and swollen, it heals completely in most people without any long-term damage. जदिय बिखाया आलौनाय आरो बुदबनाय जायो, बेयो जेबो गोलाव-सम गाज्रि-जानाय गैयालासे बांसिन सुबुंफोरनियाव आबुङै हामो। Once you have had hepatitis A, you develop lifelong immunity and cannot get the disease again. खनसे नों हेपाताइतिस ए जादोंमोनब्ला, नों जिउसम होबथानाय जौगाहोयो आरो बेरामखौ मोनफिननो हाया। Because of the way it is spread, the hepatitis A virus tends to occur in epidemics and outbreaks. बेयो गोसारनाय राहानि जाहोनाव, हेपाताइतिस ए भाइरासा बेराम-बारदेरथाय आरो जाब्रबथायफोराव नुजानो नागिरो। As many as 1 in 3 people in the United States have antibody to HAV, meaning they have been exposed to the virus, but most do not become ill. The number of cases of hepatitis A in the United States varies among different communities and has not been affected significantly by the introduction of the hepatitis A vaccine since the early 1990s. जुथाय हादोरफोराव सा 3 सुबुंफोराव सा 1 सेबाङा एइस ए भि सिम हेंथा-देहा दं, नाथाय बांसिना लोमजानाय जाया। जुथाय हादोरफोराव हेपाताइतिस ए जाथायफोरनि बिबाङा गुबुन-गुबुन सुबुं-हारिफोरनि गेजेराव बायदिरोखोम-जायो आरो 1990 जिथायनिफ्रायनो हेपाताइतिस ए भेकसिननि जागायनाया ओंथि-गोनाङै गोहोम-खोख्लैबोआखै। Hepatitis B is a virus which spreads through the blood and bodily fluids of an infected person. हेपाताइतिस बि या मोनसे भाइरास जाय सासे सनदेरजानाय सुबुंनि थै आरो देहायारि लाव-मुवाफोरनि गेजेरजों गोसारो। Hepatitis B is 100 times more infectious than HIV, with many people not even realising they have been infected with the virus. हेपाताइतिस बि या गोबां सुबुंफोरा बिसोर भाइरासजों सनदेरजानायखौ बुजिमोनैजों एइस आइ भि निख्रुय 100 फान बांसिन सनदेरथाव। This is because symptoms may not develop immediately, or at all. बेयो मानोना लैखोनफोरा गोख्रैयै एबा गासैयावबो जौगानो हाया जानो-हागौ। The incubation period (time from coming into contact with the virus to developing the infection) is between one and six months. गनाय सम-फारिया (भाइरासजों सोमोनदोआव फैनाय समनिफ्राय सनदेरथायखौ जौगाहोनायसिम) से आरो द’ दानफोरनि गेजेराव। A blood test is carried out to detect the virus. भाइरासखौ संनो मोनसे थै आनजाद खालामजायो। The virus is present in body fluids such as blood, saliva, semen and vaginal fluid. भाइरासा देहायारि लाव-मुवाफोर जेरै बादि थै, खुदै, हायना-बिदै आरो सिफायारि लाव-मुवायाव थायो। It can be passed from person to person, such as through unprotected sex (without using a condom) or by sharing needles to inject drugs. बेयो सुबुंनिफ्राय सुबुंनियाव बारस्लायनो हायो जेरै बादि होबथानाय-गैयि खयलायनाय (कनदम बाहायालासे) नि गेजेरजों एबा मुलैफोर नारसोहरनो बिजिफोर नाजावलायनायजों। Infected mothers can also transmit the virus to their baby during childbirth (often without the woman being aware that she is infected). सनदेरजानाय बिमायाबो भाइरासखौ बिसोरनि गथ’नियाव गथ’जोनोम-होनाय समाव बारस्लायहोनो हायो (बियोदि सनदेरजानाय, सम-सम आयजोआ सांग्रां जायालासे)। The hepatitis B virus can go on to cause a chronic (long-term) illness, which follows an acute infection. हेपाताइतिस बि भाइरासा गोब्राब (गोलाव-सम) लोमजानाय सोमजिहोनो आवगायनो हायो, जाय मोनसे गोख्रों सनदेरनाय उनसङो। This is very common in babies and young children, but it can also occur in adults. बेयो गथ’फोर आरो गोरलै खुदियाफोरनियाव जोबोर सरासनस्रा, नाथाय बैसो-गोराफोरनियावबो नुजानो हायो। If you develop chronic hepatitis B, you may remain well, but you may pass on the virus because you are a carrier. नों जुदि गोब्राब हेपाताइतिस बि सोमजिहोयो, नों मोजाङै थानो हागौ, नाथाय नों भाइरास बारस्लायहोनो हागौ मानोना नों सासे रोगाग्रा। Symptoms may come and go, or you may develop serious liver damage. लैखोनफोरा फैयो आरो थाङो जानो-हागौ, एबा नों गोमजोर बिखा गाज्रि-जानाय जौगाहोनो हागौ। The occurrence of hepatitis B is highest in sub-Saharan Africa, south east Asia, and the Pacific Islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands, the Solomon Islands, and Fiji. हेपाताइतिस बि नि नुजानाया लेङाइ-साहारायारि आफ्रिका, खोला सानजा एसिया, आरो पेसिफिक दिपफोर, जेरै बादि हावायारि दिपफोर, सलमन दिपफोर, आरो फिजियाव बांसिनथार। The lowest incidence of hepatitis B is found in Australia, New Zealand, northern and western Europe, and North America. हेपाताइतिस बि नि खमसिनथार जाब्रथायखौ अस्त्रेलिया, निउ जिलेण्ड, साहायारि आरो सोनाबारि इउरप, आरो साहा आमेरिकायाव मोननाय जायो। There are approximately 350 million carriers of the virus worldwide. बुहुमनाङै प्राय 350 मिलन भाइरासनि रोगाग्राफोर दं। There is a vaccine available to protect against hepatitis B. Measles is a highly infectious viral illness. हेपाताइतिस बि नि हेंथायै रैखाथिनो मोननो-हाथाव मोनसे भेकसिन दं। सिथर-बेरनाया मोनसे जोबोरै सनदेरथाव भाइरासारि लोमजानाय। The illness causes a range of symptoms including fever, coughing, and distinctive red-brown spots. लोमजानाया लोमजानाय, गुजुनाय, आरो रोखा गोजा-जारोम दखरफोरखौ लाफानानै लैखोनफोरनि सारि सोमजिहोयो। The infection is spread through the air through droplets of saliva. सनदेरनाया खुदैनि थरथिंफोरनि जोहै बारनि गेजेरजों गोसारहोजायो। You can catch measles through direct contact with an infected person, or through the air when they cough or sneeze. नों सासे सनदेरजानाय सुबुंजों थोंजों सोमोनदोनि गेजेरजों सिथर-बेरनायखौ मोननो हायो एबा बारनि गेजेरजों जेब्ला बिसोर गुजुयो एबा हाससिवो। The droplets can also survive, and remain contagious, on surfaces for a few hours. थरथिंफोराबो थांना-थानो हायो, आरो इसे घनताफोरनि थाखाय हा-साफोराव बारदेरथाव जाना-थायो। Measles is most common among children aged between 1-4 years of age, but anyone who has not be immunised against the condition, can catch it. सिथर-बेरनाया 1-4 बोसोर बैसोनि गेजेराव बैसोजानाय खुदियाफोरनि गेजेराव जोबोर सरासनस्रा, नाथाय जायखि-जाया जाय थासारिनि हेंथायै होबथाजायिया बेखौ मोननो हायो। Symptoms of the measles appear 9 to 11 days after the infection begins, and last up to 14 days. सिथर-बेरनायनि लैखोनफोरा सनदेरनाया जागायनायनि 9 निफ्राय 11 सानफोरसिमनि उनाव नुजायो, आरो 14 सानफोरसिम जोरो। The condition is most infectious after the first symptoms have appeared, and before the rash has developed. गिबि लैखोनफोरा नुजानायनि उनाव, आरो जाहाबनाया जौगानायनि आगोल थासारिया जोबोर सनदेरथाव। Treatment for the measles is normally not necessary because the body's immune system (defence against viruses) can usually fight off infection in a couple of weeks. सिथर-बेरनायनि थाखाय सिकितसाया सरासनस्रायै गोनां नङा मानोना देहानि होबथा बिखानथिया (भाइरासफोरनि हेंथायै जुजियो) इसे हाबथाफोराव सनदेरथायजों सरासनस्रायै जुजियो। Typically, once somebody has fought of the measles infection, they develop immunity to it. बांसिनै, सोरबा-सासेया सिथर-बेरनाय सनदेरनायखौ खनसे जुजिबायब्ला, बिसोर बेनि होबथानायखौ जौगाहोयो। Complications of measles include pneumonia, ear and eye infections, and croup (an infection of the lungs and throat). सिथर-बेरनायनि जेथोफोरा निमुनिया, खोमा आरो मेगन सनदेरथायफोर आरो क्रुप (संफ्लफोर आरो गोदोनानि मोनसे सनदेरथाय) खौ लाफायो। More serious complications, such as inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), are rarer but can be fatal. बांसिन गोमजोर जेथोफोर, जेरै बादि मेलेमनि (एनसेफालाइतिस) आलौनाया आगोमासिन नाथाय फोथैग्रा जानो हायो। There are one million deaths world-wide from the measles every year. बुहुम-नाङै मोनफ्रोम बोसोराव सिथर-बेरनायनिफ्राय से मिलन थैनाय दं। The most effective way of preventing measles is the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, which also provides protection against two other potentially fatal childhood conditions - mumps and rubella. सिथर-बेरनायखौ होबथानायनि जोबोर गोहोम-गोनां राहाया जादों मिसिल-माम्पस-रुबेला (एम एम आर) भेकसिन, जाय गुबुन मोननै गुण-गोनाङै खुदिया थासारिफोरखौ थैहोग्रानि हेंथायै रैखाथि जगायो – खावलाय-बुनाय आरो रुबेला। The success of the MMR vaccine means that, in the UK, cases of measles are rare. एम एम आर भेकसिननि देरहानाया ओंथि-होयोदि इउ के याव सिथर-बेरनायनि जाथायफोर आगोमा। However, in recent years, the number of cases of measles has been increasing. होमब्लाबो, बावैसो बोसोरफोराव, सिथर-बेरनायनि गोबां जाथायफोरा बांबोगासिनो दं। For example, there were 739 cases in 2006, compared with 70 cases during 2001. बिदिनथि बादियै, 2001 नि गेजेराव 70 जाथायफोरजों रुजुनायाव, 2006 आव 739 जाथायफोर दंमोन। It is thought that the rise in the number of cases of measles is the result of parents not getting their child vaccinated with the MMR vaccine. बेखौ साननाय जायो दि सिथर-बेरनाय जाथायफोरनि बिबां बांनाया बिमा-बिफाफोरा बिसोरनि खुदियाखौ एम एम आर भेकसिन होजानाय मोनिनि जाहोन। This is probably due to speculation linking MMR to autism (a condition that effects the development of the brain, and can lead to problems in communication and social interaction). बेयो जानो-हागौ एम एम आर खौ सिनद्रमजों सोमोनदो-खालामनानै होलाय-लालायनि जाहोनाव (मोनसे थासारि जाय मेलेमनि जौगानायखौ गोहोम-खोख्लैयो, आरो हानथा-मेला आरो समाजारि सोमोनदोआव जेंनाफोर सोमजिहोनो हायो)। Publicity in 1998 highlighted a report claiming a link between the MMR jab and autism. 1998 नि फोस्रावथाया एम एम आर थुसोनाय आरो सिनद्रमनि गेजेराव मोनसे सोमोनदो बियननाय फोरमायथि नुसारहोदोंमोन। However, numerous studies undertaken to investigate this claim found no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. होमब्लाबो, बे बियननायखौ नायजिरसंनो नाजावनाय गोबां बिजिरथिफोरा एम एम आर भेकसिन आरो सिनद्रमनि गेजेराव जेबो सोमोनदो मोनाखैमोन। Measles, a disease recognised for over two thousand years, is a highly contagious, acute infection caused by the rubella virus. सिथर-बेरनाय, नै रोजा बोसोरनि बारानि थाखाय गनायजानाय मोनसे बेरामा जोबोरै बारदेरथाव, रुबेला भाइरासजों सोमजिहोजानाय गोख्रों सनदेरनाय। It is seen in every country of the world. बेखौ बुहुमनि मोनफ्रोम हादोरफोरावनो नुनाय जायो। Before the use of vaccines, epidemics of measles occurred every two to five years. भेकसिनफोरनि बाहायनायनि आगोल, सिथर-बेरनायनि बेराम-सनदेरथायफोरा मोनफ्रोम नैनिफ्राय बा बोसोरफोराव नुजादोंमोन। Cough, cold, fever and a skin rash that begins several days before the initial symptoms characterise the illness. गुजुनाय, गगा-मोननाय, लोमजानाय आरो मोनसे बिगुर जाहाबनाया लोमजानायखौ आखु-होयो जाय जागायनाय लैखोनफोरनि गोबां सानफोर आगोल जागायो। Recovery from measles is usual, but serious complications of the respiratory and central nervous system may occur. सिथर-बेरनायनिफ्राय हामनाया सरासनस्रा, नाथाय हां-लानायारि आरो मिरु स्नायु बिखानथिनि गोमजोर जेथोफोरा नुजानो हागौ। Chicken Pox is an ubiquitous and extremely contagious viral illness. आय-ओंखारनाया मोनसे नुजासारनाय आरो जोबोरै बारदेरथाव भाइरासारि लोमजानाय। The primary illness, characterised by a generalised skin rash, is caused by the Varicella Zoster virus. सरासनस्रा-खालामनाय बिगुर जाहाबनायजों आखु-होजानाय, गुबै लोमजानाया भारिसेला जसतार भाइरासजों सोमजिहोजायो। Recurrence of the infection results in a localised skin rash, otherwise known as shingles or Herpes Zoster. सनदेरनाय जाफिननाया जायगायारि बिगुर जाहाबनाय सोमजिहोयो, गुबुन-रोखोमै शिंगलस एबा हारपस जसतार महरै मिथिजायो। Chicken Pox, often confused with Small Pox in earlier times, occurs seasonally and in epidemics the world over. आय-ओंखारनाय, आगुनि समाव प्राय फिसा सिथरफोरजों गोनोगोथो-जाहोनाया बोथोरारियै नुजायो आरो बेराम-सनदेरथायफोरा बुहुम-नाङै। The virus is spread by the respiratory route and is a common infection in children. भाइरासा हां-बोनायारि लामाजों गोसारो आरो खुदियाफोरनियाव सनदेरनाया सरासनस्रा। Malaria is one of the major scourges of mankind in the developing world. मेलेरियाया जौगाफुनाय बुहुमाव सुबुं-माहारिनि गुबै साजाफोरनि मोनसे। It is estimated to affect more than 500 million people causing between one and three million deaths every year. मोनफ्रोम बोसोराव से आरो थाम मिलननि गेजेराव थैनाय सोमजिहोनाय 500 मिलननि बांसिन सुबुंफोरा गोहोम-मोननायखौ आनदाज-खालामनाय जादों। Though, to a large extent, it has been eradicated from large parts of North America and Europe, it is rampant in most areas of the tropics. जदिय’ गोबां बिबाङाव बेयो साहा आमेरिका आरो इउरपनि गोबां बाहागोफोरनिफ्राय बोखारजाबाय, क्रानतियारि ओनसोलफोरनि बांसिनाव दबथायजायि। Travellers to the tropics have to specially safeguard themselves against the risk of malaria. गुदुं-ओनसोलफोरसिम दावबायारिफोरा जर’खायै गावसोरखौनो मेलेरियानि गिनांनायनि हेंथायै रैखाथि-होनांगौ। Typhoid fever is an acute, systemic infection presenting as fever with abdominal symptoms, caused by Salmonella typhi and paratyphi. ताइफयेद लोमजानाया सेलमनेला ताइफि आरो पेराताइफिजों सोमजिहोजानाय, अहेबारि लैखोनफोरजों लोमजानाय महरै नुजानाय मोनसे गोब्राब, नुजासारनाय सनदेरनाय। Before the 19th century, typhus and typhoid fever were considered to be the same. 19थि जौथायनि आगोल, ताइफास आरो ताइफयेद लोमजानाया एखे होनना गनायजादोंमोन। Enteric fever is an alternative name for typhoid. बिबु-फिसायारि लोमजानाया ताइफयेदनि थाखाय मोनसे सोलायस्लायनाय मुं। Salmonella typhi and paratyphi colonise only humans. सेलमनेला ताइफि आरो पेराताइफिया मानसिफोरनियावल’ जायगा-लायो। The organisms are acquired via ingestion of food or water contaminated with human excreta from infected persons. जिबख्रिफोरा सनदेरजानाय सुबुंफोरनिफ्राय मानसिनि सिगार-मुवाजों मैला-खालामजानाय आदार एबा दैनि आजावनायनि गेजेरजों नाजावजायो। It is seen in children older than the age of one. बेखौ से बोसोर-बैसोनिख्रुय देरसिन खुदियाफोरनियाव नुनाय जायो। Outbreaks of typhoid in developing countries result in high mortality. जौगाफुनाय हादोरफोराव ताइफयेदनि जाब्रबथाया गोबां थैनाय सोमजिहोयो। Recently, the development of antibiotic resistant organisms is causing much concern. दाबावैसो, एन्टिबायतिक होबथा जिबख्रिफोरारिनि जौगानाया गोबां लोबबा सोमजिहोगासिनो दं। Polio, also known as poliomyelitis, is a condition caused by a highly infectious virus. पलिय’माइलाइतिस महरैबो मिथिनाय, पलिय’आ जोबोरै सनदेरथाव भाइरासजों सोमजिहोजानाय मोनसे थासारि। For most people, polio is a mild illness and only causes flu-like symptoms. बांसिन सुबुंनि थाखाय, पलिय’आ मोनसे गेजेर-जखानि लोमजानाय आरो फ्लु-बादिल’ लैखोनफोर सोमजिहोयो। However, for others, polio is a potentially fatal condition, which can cause severe muscle paralysis (paralytic polio). होमब्लाबो, गुबुनफोरनि थाखाय, पलिय’आ गोहो-गोनाङै मोनसे फोथैनाय थासारि, जाय गोख्रों मोदोम-गेहेन खुरिया (खुरियायारि पलिय’) सोमजिहोनो हायो। This is because a severe case of polio attacks the nerve cells that help the muscles to function. बेयो मानोना पलिय’नि मोनसे गोख्रों जाथाया स्नायु जिबख्रिफोरखौ गाग्लोबो जाय मोदोम-गेहेनखौ खामानि-मावनो हेफाजाब-होयो। In the past, polio was a very common condition. गोदोआव, पलिय’आ मोनसे जोबोर सरासनस्रा थासारिमोन। However, today, as a result of widespread vaccination, the number of polio cases has been dramatically reduced. होमब्लाबो, दिनै, मुलै-होनायनि गोसारदलानायनि जाहोनाव, पलिय’नि गोबां जाथायफोरा फावथायारियै खमायहोजाबाय। Since 1993, there have not been any cases of polio in the UK, and there are now only four countries where the condition remains a serious problem - Nigeria, India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. 1993 निफ्रायनो, इउ के याव पलिय’नि जेबो जाथायफोर जाबोआखै, आरो दा मोनब्रैल’ हादोरफोर दं जेराव थासारिया गोमजोर जेंना जाना-दं – नायजेरिया, भारत, आफगानिस्थान, आरो पाकिस्तान। This is why the best way to deal with the condition is to prevent it. बेखायनो थासारिजों होलाय-लालायनायनि साबसिनथार राहाया बेखौ होबथानाय। It is, therefore, very important that you make sure that your child receives all of their necessary immunisations as they are growing up. बेयो, बेखायनो जोबोर गोनांथार दि नों रोखा खालाम दि नोंनि खुदियाया जै बिसोर देरगासिनो थायो बिसोरनि गासै नांनाय होबथाहोनायखौ मोनो। Post-polio syndrome is a condition which affects approximately 20-66% of people who have had polio. गदाय-पलिय’ लैखोना मोनसे थासारि जाय प्राय 20-66% सुबुंखौ गोहोम-खोख्लैयो जाय पलिय’ मोनदोंमोन। You may develop post-polio syndrome between 10-40 years after your initial illness. नों नोंनि जागायनाय लोमजानायनि उनाव 10-40 बोसोरफोरनि गेजेराव गदाय-पलिय’ लैखोन जौगानो हायो। The syndrome can cause new muscle pain and weakness, and can also leave you feeling fatigued and lethargic. लैखौना गोदान मोदोम-गेहेन सानाय आरो लोरबांथि सोमजिहोनो हायो, आरो नोंनो मेंरुनाय आरो गोहो-गैयि मोनदांनायबो नागारलांनो हायो। This may make it difficult for you to get around, or carry out everyday tasks and activities. बेयो नोंनि थाखाय बेखौ एरायलांनो, एबा सानफ्रोमबोनि हाबाफोर आरो मावथायफोरखौ मावफुंनो गोब्राब खालामनो हागौ। It is not known what causes post-polio syndrome. बेयो मिथिजाया माया गदाय-पलिय’ लैखोन सोमजिहोयो। Some theories suggest that the polio virus can sometimes lay dormant in your system after your original infection because your immune system has not completely destroyed it. माखासे बुंफुरलुफोरा बोसोनथियोदि पलिय’ भाइरासा माब्लाबा-समफोराव नोंनि गुदि सनदेरनायनि उनाव नोंनि बिखान्थियाव थैहाबना गोलांनो हायो मानोना नोंनि होबथा बिखान्थिया बेखौ आबुङै फोजोबस्राङाखै। This dormant virus can then become 're-activated', although it is not known what triggers this re-activation. बे थरगैयि भाइरासा अब्ला फिन-मावथि जानो हायो, जदिय बेयो मिथिजाया माया बे फिन-मावफिनथायखौ हगारो। Other theories suggest that the syndrome is the result of damaged nerve cells which gradually deteriorate over time. गुबुन बुंफुरलुफोरा बोसोनथियोदि लैखोना गाज्रि-जानाय स्नायु जिबख्रिफोरनि फिथाइ जाय लासै-लासै समाव गाज्रिसिन-जायो। In recent years, post-polio syndrome has become a more common condition in the UK, largely due to the high number of polio cases during the 1940s and 1950s. बावैसो बोसोरफोराव, गदाय-पलिय’ लैखोना इउ के याव बांसिन सरासनस्रा थासारि जाबाय, बांसिनै 1940 जिथाय आरो 1950 जिथायफोरनि समाव पलिय जाथायफोरनि गोबां बिबांनि जाहोनाव। However, now that polio is no longer naturally active in the UK, post-polio syndrome should become much rarer in the future. होमब्लाबो, बै पलिय’आ इउ के याव दा मिथिंगायारियै मावथियै गैलिया, इयुनाव गदाय-पलिय’ लैखोनआ बांसिन आगोमासिन जानांगौ। Tetanus is caused by bacteria (germs) that get into your body through a wound, such as a cut while gardening, or an animal bite. तेतानासा बेक्टेरिया (बिजानुफोर) जों सोमजिहोजायो जाय नोंनि देहायाव मोनफा जखमनि गेजेरजों हाबो, जेरै बादि बिबार-बागान-खालामनाय समाव दाननाय, एबा मासे जुनारा अरनाय। You are more at risk of developing tetanus if the wound is deep or if it gets dirty with soil or manure, but even small wounds such as a prick from a thorn can allow enough bacteria to get into your body to cause tetanus. नों तेतानास जौगानायनि बांसिन गिथावनायाव दं जुदि जखमा गोथौ एबा जुदि बेयो हा एबा हासारारिजों मैला जायो, होमब्लाबो फिसा जखमफोर जेरै बादि सुजों मोनसे सुफ्लंनाया तेतानास सोमजिहोनो नोंनि देहायाव थोजासे बेक्टेरिया हाबहोनो हायो। Once inside your body, the bacteria release a toxin (poison) which then causes tetanus, although the illness can take up to 21 days to develop. खनसे नोंनि देहा-सिङाव थांब्ला, बेक्टेरियाया मोनसे बिष (बिष) हगारो जाय अब्ला तेतानास सोमजिहोयो, जदिय’ लोमजानाया जौगानो 21 सानफोरसिम लानो हायो। Tetanus affects your nerves, and can be fatal. तेतानासा नोंनि स्नायुफोराव गोहोम-खोख्लैयो, आरो फोथैनो हायो। Tetanus is quite rare in the UK because many people are vaccinated against it. इउ के याव तेतानासा जोबोर आगोमा मानोना गोबां सुबुंफोरा बेनि हेंथायै मुलै-होजायो। A full course of tetanus immunization consists of five doses of vaccine. तेतानास होबथानायनि मोनसे आबुं फालि-फारिया मुलैनि मोन बा फालिफोर लाफायो। This vaccine enables your body to create antibodies against the tetanus toxin, which then protect you from the illness if you were to become infected with the bacteria. बे मुलैया नोंनि देहाखौ तेतानास बिषनि हेंथायै हेंथा-देहाफोर सोरजिनो हाहोयो, जाय बेनि-उनाव नोंखौ लोमजानायनिफ्राय रैखाथियो जुदि नों बेक्टेरियाजों सनदेरजादोंमोन। A cold is an infection that affects the upper respiratory tract - the nose, throat, sinuses (small spaces in the skull behind the eyes and nose), trachea (the main airway that runs to the lungs), larynx (voice box) and bronchial tubes (the airways in the lungs). गगा-मोननाया मोनसे सनदेरनाय जाय गोजौ हां-लानायारि लामा – गनथं, गोदोना, सायनासफोर (मेगनफोर आरो गनथंनि उनाव खर’बिखङाव फिसा ओनसोलफोर), हां-नाला (गाहाय बास-लामा जाय संफ्लसिम थाङो), लेरिंच (सोदोब बाक्सु) आरो हांलामायारि-नोलि (संफ्लफोराव बार-लामाफोर) खौ गोहोम-खोख्लैयो। Colds are caused by viruses and can be spread in several ways. गगा-मोननाया भाइरासफोरजों सोमजिहोजायो आरो गोबां राहाफोरजों गोसारहोजानो हायो। If you have a cold and you sneeze, cough or speak, tiny droplets of fluid containing the cold virus are launched into the air. जुदि नोंहा गगा-मोननाय दं आरो नों हाससिवो, गुजुयो एबा रायज्लायो, लाव-मुवा थाफानाय गगा-मोननाय भाइरासनि फिसा थरथिंफोरा बाराव हगारजायो। If these are breathed in by someone else then they may become infected. बेफोरो गुबुन सोरबा-सासेजों हां-बोजायोब्ला, अब्ला बिसोर सनदेरजाहोनो हागौ। Colds can also spread through direct and indirect contact. गगा-मोननाया थोंजों आरो खेंसालियानि गेजेरजों गोसारनो हायो। If you have a cold and you touch your nose or eyes and then touch someone else, you may pass the virus on to them. जुदि नोंहा गगा-मोननाय दं आरो नों नोंनि गनथं एबा मेगनफोरखौ दाङो आरो बेनि-उनाव गुबुन सोरबा-सासेखौ दाङो, नों बिसोरनियाव भाइरासखौ बारहोनो हायो। Alternatively, if you touch an object such as a door handle or telephone, the virus may be transferred to the object. सोलाय-सोल’यै, नों मोनसे मुवा दाङोब्ला जेरै बादि दरजा आगा एबा तेलिफन, भाइरासा मुवायाव बारस्लायहोजानो हागौ। If someone touches the object a short time later and then touches their mouth, nose or eyes, they may become infected. जुदि सोरबा-सासेया मुवाखौ दाङो, सुंद’ समनि उनाव आरो बेनि-उनाव बिसोरनि खुगा, गनथं एबा मेगनफोरखौ दाङो, बिसोर सनदेरहोजानो हागौ। The symptoms of a cold usually begin 2-3 days after you become infected, and last for 2-14 days. गगा-मोननायनि लैखोनफोरा सरासनस्रायै नों सनदेरहोजानायनि 2-3 सानफोरनि उनाव जागायो, आरो 2-14 सानफोरनि थाखाय जोरो। Most people recover from a cold within a week. बांसिन सुबुंफोरा हाबथासेनि गेजेराव गगा-मोननायनिफ्राय हामो। You are most contagious when you have the sneezing, runny nose and cough that are the first signs of a cold developing. नों जोबोर बारदेरहोजानाय जेब्ला नोंहा हाससिवनाय, बिज्लाबारि गनथं आरो गुजुनाय दं जायफोर गगा-मोननाय जौगानायनि गिबि नेरसोनफोर। They occur mainly during the winter months, although cold weather itself is not a cause of colds. बेफोरो गुबैयै मेसेंनि दानफोराव नुजायो, जदिय’ गगा-मोननाय बोथोरा गावनो गगा-मोननायनि मोनसे जाहोन नङा। Children tend to have more colds than adults. खुदियाफोरा बैसोगोराफोरनिख्रुय बांसिन गगा-मोननो नागिरो। This is because adults have built up immunity against some of the viruses that cause colds. बेयो मानोना बैसो-गोराफोरा माखासे भाइरासफोर जाय गगा-मोननाय सोमजिहोनायनि हेंथायै होबथानाय दायो। On average, adults have between two and four colds a year, while children may have as many as eight or ten. गड़ाव, बैसोगोराफोरहा बोसोराव खननै आरो खनब्रैनि गेजेराव गगा-मोननाय मोनो, जेराव खुदियाफोरा डाइन एबा जि खेब सेबां मोननो हागौ। A common cold is an infection of your upper respiratory tract - your nose and throat. मोनसे सरासनस्रा गगा-मोननाया नोंनि गोजौ हां-लानायारि नाला – नोंनि गनथं आरो गोदोनानि मोनसे सनदेरनाय। It's usually harmless, although it may not feel that way. बेयो सरासनस्रायै खहा-गैयि, होमब्लाबो बेखौ बे राहायै मोनदाङा जानो हागौ। If it's not a runny nose, sore throat and cough, it's watery eyes, sneezing and congestion - or maybe all of the above. जुदि बेयो मोनसे बिज्लाबारि गनथं, कस्थ-होनाय गोदोना आरो गुजुनाय नङा, बेयो दैगोनां मेगनफोर, हाससिवनाय आरो नारथेनाय – एबा गोजौनि गासैबो जानो हागौ। In fact, because any one of more than 200 viruses can cause a common cold, symptoms tend to vary greatly. थारै, मानोना 200 भाइरासफोरनिख्रुय बांसिननि जायखि-जाया मोनसेया सरासनस्रा गगा-मोननाय सोमजिहोनो हायो, लैखोनफोरा जोबोरै बायदि-रोखोम जानो नागिरो। Unfortunately, if you're like most adults, you're likely to have a common cold two to four times a year. खाफाल-गैयियै, जुदि नों जोबोर बैसोगोराफोर बादि नोंहा बोसोराव नैनिफ्राय ब्रै खेबसिम मोनसे सरासनस्रा गगा-मोननाया जानो-हाथाव। Children, especially preschoolers, may have a common cold as many as six to 10 times annually. खुदियाफोर, जर’खायै गुदि-फरायसालियारिफोरा बोसोरारियै द’ निफ्राय 10 खेबसिम सेबां गोबां सरासनस्रा गगा-मोननाय जानो हागौ। The good news is that you or your child should be feeling better in about a week or two. मोजां खौराङा जादोंदि नों एबा नोंनि गथ’आ से एबा नै हाबथा फ्रामाव मोजांसिन मोनदांनांगौ। If symptoms of a common cold aren't improving in that time, see your doctor to make sure you don't have a complication of a bacterial infection in your lungs, sinuses or ears. सरासनस्रा गगा-मोननायनि लैखोनफोरा बै समाव जौगागासिनो गैयाब्ला, नोंहा नोंनि संफ्लफोर, सायनासफोर एबा खोमाफोराव बेक्टेरियायारि सनदेरनायनि जेथो गैयिखौ रोखा खालामनो नोंनि दाकथारनियाव नायहै। The common cold, also known as a viral upper respiratory tract infection, is a contagious illness that can be caused by a number of different types of viruses. मोनसे भाइरासारि गोजौ हां-लानायारि नाला सनदेरनाय महरैबो मिथिजानाय, सरासनस्रा गगा-मोननाया, मोनसे बारदेरनाय लोमजानाय जाय गोबां बायदि-बायदि रोखोमनि भाइरासफोरजों सोमजिहोजायो। Because of the great number of viruses that can cause a cold and because new cold viruses develop, the body never builds up resistance against all of them. गोबां अनजिमानि भाइरासफोरनि जाहोनावनो बैयो मोनसे गगा-मोननाय सोमजिहोनो हायो आरो मानोना गोदान गगा-मोननाय भाइरासफोरा जौगायो, देहाया माब्लाबाबो बैफोर गासैनिबो हेंथायै होबथानाय दाया। For this reason, colds are a frequent and recurring problem. बे जाहोननि थाखाय, गगा-मोननायफोरा जाफ्लेग्रा आरो जाफिननाय जेंना। In fact, on average, preschool children have nine colds a year, those in kindergarten, 12 colds a year; and adolescents and adults, seven colds per year. थारै, गड़ाव, गुदि-फरायसालियारि खुदियाफोरा बोसोराव गु खेब गगा-मोननाय, किदारगारतेननि बैसोर बोसोराव 12 खेब गगा-मोननाय जायो; आरो लायमोनफोर आरो बैसो-गोराफोरा बोसोरफायाव स्नि खेब गगा-मोननाय जायो। Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by a germ called the tubercle bacillus or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. तिउबारकुलसिस (ति बि) या तिउबारकल बेचिलास एबा माइक’बेक्टेरियाम तिउबरकुलसिस बुंनाय मोनसे बिजानुजों सोमजिहोजानाय मोनसे सनदेरनाय। Until effective anti-tuberculosis drugs were introduced about 50 years ago, TB was one of the main causes of death. 50 बोसोरफोर आगोल हेंथा-तिउबारकुलसिस मुलैफोरा बाहायजायाखैमोनब्ला, ति बि या थैनायनि गुबै जाहोनफोरनि मोनसे। TB is still a major problem in many countries. ति बि या दासिमबो गोबां हादोरफोराव मोनसे गाहाय जेंना। It has been on the increase in the developed world in recent years, probably because of increased air travel and movement of people from areas where it is common. बावैसो बोसोरफोराव जौगानाय बुहुमाव बेयो बांनाय जाना दं, जानो-हागौ जेराव बेयो सरासनस्रा बे ओनसोलफोरनिफ्राय सुबुंफोरनि बारजों दावबायनाय आरो बारस्लायनायनि जाहोनाव। It can affect the lungs (pulmonary TB) or other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes (tuberculous adenitis or scrofula), the skin and the bones. बेयो संफ्लफोर (पालमनारि ति बि) एबा देहानि गुबुन बाहागोफोर, जेरै बादि लिम्फ गानथिफोर, (तिउबारकुलास जाहाबनाय एबा स्क्रफुला), बिगुर आरो हाराफोरखौ गोहोम-खोख्लैनो हायो। Tubercle bacilli can remain dormant for years before producing active disease. तिउबारकल बेचिलिया मावथि मेराम सोरजिनायनि आगोल बोसोरफोरनि थाखाय थर-गैयि जाना थानो हायो। In most cases lung infection is well controlled by the immune system, and shows no symptoms. बांसिन जाथायफोराव संफ्ल सनदेरनाया होबथा बिखानथिजों मोजाङै सामलायजायो, आरो लैखोनफोर गैयि दिनथियो। Active lung disease occurs if the immune system becomes less effective. मावथि संफ्ल बेरामा नुजायो जुदि होबथा बिखानथिया खम गोहोम-गोनां जायो। A person may have had an infection with tuberculosis without being aware. सासे सुबुङा सांग्रां जायालासे तिउबारकुलसिसजों मोनसे सनदेरनाय मोनदोंमोन जानो हागौ। This can be discovered by a tuberculin skin test, the Heaf (or Mantoux) test. बेयो मोनसे तिउबारकुलिन बिगुर आनजाद, हिफ (एबा मनताक्स) आनजादजों दिहुनजानो हायो। When positive, it indicates that the person has a degree of natural immunity. जेब्ला दाजाबथाय, बेयो दिनथियोदि सुबुंहा मिथिंगायारि होबथानायनि मोनसे थाखो दं। People who test negative do not have this immunity and are more susceptible to infection by TB. सुबुंफोरहा जाय दानख’थाय आनजाद-मोनो बे होबथानाया गैया आरो ति बि जों सनदेरजानायनि बांसिन गाग्लोबजाथाव। Tuberculin-negative people may benefit from BCG inoculation. तिउबारकुलिन-दानख’थाय सुबुंहा बि सि जि मुलै-होथायनिफ्राय मुलाम्फा-मोननो हागौ। This uses a vaccine made from a modified version of the TB germ. बेयो ति बि बिजानुनि सोलायनाय महरनिफ्राय बानायनाय मोनसे मुलै बाहायो। It reduces the risk of developing TB in about 70% of those vaccinated for approximately 15 years. बेयो प्राय 15 बोसोरफोरनि थाखाय मुलै-होजानाय बैसोरनि 70% फ्रामाव जौगाफुनाय ति बि नि गिनांनायखौ खमायो। From September 2005, a new targeted programme of BCG vaccination was introduced. सेप्टेमबर 2005 निफ्राय, बि सि जि मुलै-होनायनि मोनसे गोदान नोजोर-गोनां हाबाफारिया जागायजायो। Only those people at high risk of contracting TB will be vaccinated, as opposed to all school children in the UK. इउ के नि गासै फरायसालि खुदियाफोरनि हेंथा-होनाय बादियै ति बि सनदेरहोजानायनि गोबां गिथावनायाव थानाय बैसोर सुबुंफोराल’ मुलै-होजागोन। Chickenpox is caused by a virus called the varicella-zoster virus (varicella is the medical name for chickenpox). आय-ओंखारनाया भेरिचिला-जस्तार भाइरास (भेरिचिलाया आय-ओंखारनायनि थाखाय मेडिकेल मुं) बुंनाय मोनसे भाइरासजों सोमजिहोजायो। Chickenpox is a mild, but highly infectious disease that most children catch at some point. आय-ओंखारनाया मोनसे गेजेर-जखानि, नाथाय जोबोरै बारदेरथाव बेराम दि बांसिन खुदियाफोरानो माखासे बिनदोआव बेखौ हमो। It is most common to catch the disease between March and May. It takes 10-21 days for the symptoms to show after you have come into contact with the virus. मार्च आरो मेनि गेजेराव बेरामखौ मोननाया जोबोर सरासनस्रा। नों भाइरासजों सोमोनदोआव फैनायनि उनाव लैखोनफोरखौ दिनथिनो थाखाय 10-21 सानफोर लायो। Chickenpox is most common in children who are between 2-8 years of age, although you can develop chickenpox at any age. लोन्थि बेरनाया गथ’फोरनियाव जोबोर जाफ्लेग्रा जायफोरा 2-8 बोसोर बैसोनि गेजेराव, होमब्लाबो नों लोनथि-बेरनायखौ जायखि-जाया बैसौआवनो मोननो हायो। You are infectious from about two days before the rash appears until roughly five days after. प्राय बा सानफोर उनाव जाहाबनाया ओंखारनायसिमहालागै साननै फ्राम आगोलनिफ्राय नों सनदेरहोथाव। Therefore, you, or your child, should stay at home until all of the blisters have fully crusted over, and this usually happens 5-7 days after the first blister appears. बेखायनो, नों, एबा नोंनि खुदियाया, सिथरफोरनि गासैबो आबुङै सिफ्रुगारजानायसिम नवाव थानांगौ, आरो बेयो सरासनस्रायै गिबि सिथरा ओंखारनायनि 5-7 सानफोरनि उनाव जायो। After the last blister has burst and crusted over, you are no longer infectious. जोबथा सिथरा गुब्रुसारनाय आरो सिफ्रुगारजानायनि उनाव, नों सनदेरहोथाव जाना थाया। Chickenpox spreads in tiny droplets of saliva and nasal mucus, by sneezes and coughs from an infected person. सिथर-बेरनाया सासे सनदेरजानाय मानसिनिफ्राय हाससिवनायफोर आरो गुजुनायफोरजों खुदै आरो गनथङारि गुंग्रायनि फिसा थरथिंफोराव गोसारो। The virus is already in these droplets, which is why it spreads so fast. भाइरासा बैफोर थरथिंफोराव दंखायो, जाय बेयो मानो एसेबां गोख्रैयै गोसारो। Once you have had chickenpox, you will very rarely catch chickenpox for a second time. सिथर-बेरनायखौ नों खनसे मोनबायमोनब्ला, नों जोबोर खमैसो नैथि समनि थाखाय लोनथि-बेरनायखौ मोनगोन। This is because your body develops immunity to the chickenpox virus, which stops you from becoming re-infected. बेयो मानोना नोंनि देहाया लोनथि बेरनाय भाइरासनि होबथानायखौ जौगाहोयो, जाय नोंखौ फिन-सनदेरजानाय जानायनिफ्राय दबथायगोन। After a chickenpox infection, the virus stays in the body's nerve tissues (remains dormant). खनसे लोनथि-बेरनाय सनदेरथायनि उनाव भाइरासा देहानि स्नायु जिबख्रिफोराव थायो (थर-गैयियै थायो)। It does not do any harm because it is kept under control by the immune system; the part of the body that fights infection. बेयो जेबो खहा मावा मानोना बेयो होबथा बिखानथिजों दबथायथियाव लाखिजायो; देहानि बाहागोफोरा जाय सनदेरनायजों जुजियो। At any time later in life, but usually when you are an adult, the virus can be reactivated (come back), causing a different form of the virus, known as shingles. जिउवाव उनाव जायखि-जाया समाव, सरासनस्रायै नाथाय नों सासे बैसो-गोराब्ला, सिंगलस महरै मिथिजानाय भाइरासनि बायदि-रोखोम महर सोमजिहोनानै भाइरासा फिन मावथि-खालामफिजानो (फिन फैफिनो) हायो। The first sign of shingles is usually a pain in the area of the affected nerve. सिंगलसनि गिबि नेरसोना सरासनस्रायै जोनोम-होजानाय स्नायुनि ओनसोलाव सानाय। Seven days later a rash will usually appear, followed by blisters, that tend to only affect one side of your body. स्नि सानफोरनि उनाव सरासनस्रायै सिथरफोरजों उनसंजानाय, मोनसे जाहाबनाया नुजायो, जाय नोंनि देहानि फारसेखौल’ गोहोम-खोख्लैनो नागिरो। If you have shingles you are contagious to anyone who has not had chickenpox. नोंहा सिंगलस दङोब्ला नों जायखि-जायानो सनदेरहोथाव जायहा सिथर-बेरनाय मोनाखैमोन। However, it is not possible to catch shingles from someone who has chickenpox. होमब्लाबो, सोरबा-सासेनिफ्राय सिंगलसखौ मोननाया जाथाव नङा, जायहा लोनथि-बेरनाय दं। More than 90% of pregnant women are immune to the chickenpox virus (as a result of having it earlier on in life), so most women need not worry about developing the disease. 90% निख्रुय बारा दोरसि आयजोफोरा लोनथि-बेरनायनिफ्राय होबथाग्रा (जिउवाव बेखौ आगुवावनो मोनखानायनि फिथाइ हिसाबै), बेखायनो बांसिन आयजोफोरानो बे बेरामखौ जौगानायनि सोमोनदै जिंगानि गोनांथि गैया। Even if you develop shingles during pregnancy, it should not affect your baby in any way. नों दोरसिनि समाव सिंगलस मोनोब्लाबो, बेयो जायखि-जाया राहायै नोंनि खुदियानियाव जोनोम-जानाङा। Chickenpox occurs in approximately three in every 1,000 pregnancies, and can cause serious complications for both you and your child. लोनथि-बेरनाया मोनफ्रोम 1,000 दोरसिफोराव प्राय सा थामनियाव नुजायो, आरो नों आरो नोंनि गथ’ सानैनिबो थाखाय गोमजोर जाहोन सोमजिहोनो हायो। Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is a serious infection that is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. एनतारिक लोमजानाय महरैबो मिथिजानाय, तायफयेद लोमजानाया मोनसे गोख्रों सनदेरनाय जाय बेक्टेरियाम सेलमनेल ताइफिजों सोमजिहोजायो। The disease is transmitted from human to human and is spread by eating food or drinking water that is contaminated with typhoid bacteria. बेरामा सुबुंनिफ्राय सुबुंनियाव बारस्लायहोजायो आरो तायफयेद बेक्टेरियाजों मैला-जानाय जानाय खाजा एबा लोंनाय दैजों गोसारहोजायो। Each year, around 150 to 200 cases of typhoid are reported in England and Wales. इंलेण्ड आरो वेलसाव मोनफ्रोमबो बोसोराव 150 निफ्राय 200 सिमफ्राम तायफयेदनि जाथायफोरा फोरमायथिहरजायो। However, worldwide, there are 13 to 17 million cases with an estimated 600,000 deaths. होमब्लाबो, बुहुमनाङै, 600,000 आन्दाज-खालामजानाय थैनायजों 13 निफ्राय 17 सिम मिलन जाथायफोर दं। Typhoid fever is a common problem in developing countries, such as India, Africa and South America, where food hygiene and sanitation standards may not be as high as in developed countries. जौगाफुनाय हादोरफोर, जेरै बादि भारत, आफ्रिका, आरो खोला आमेरिकायाव तायफयेद लोमजानाया मोनसे सरासनस्रा जेंना जेराव आदार सावस्रि आरो साब-सिखोनथि थाखो-माना जौगानाय हादोरफोरनि सेबां जौगाखां नङा जानो-हागौ। In these countries, typhoid sometimes causes epidemics. बैफोर हादोरफोराव तायफयेदा माब्लाबा-समाव सनदेरलाजोबनाय सोमजिहोयो। Therefore, if you are visiting a developing country, it is advisable to have a typhoid vaccination. बेखायनो जुदि नों गंसो जौगाखां हादोराव थांगासिनो दं, तायफ.द मुलै-आजावथाय लानाया बोसोन-होथाव। Salmonella typhi belongs to the salmonella group which, as well as causing typhoid fever, also causes mild diseases such as food poisoning. सेलमनेल ताइफिया सेलमनेला हानजानि जाय तायफयेद लोमजानाय सोमजिहोनायजों लोगोसे गेजेर-जखानि लोमजानायबो सोमजिहोयो जेरै बादि आदार बिष-जानाय। Paratyphoid fever, caused by Salmonella enteritidis paratyphi A, B or C, is a similar infection to typhoid fever but is less severe. पेरातायफयेद लोमजानाया सेलमनेला एनतिरितिदिस पेरातायफि ए जों सोमजिहोजायो, बि एबा सि या तायफयेद लोमजानायनि एखे सनदेरथाय नाथाय खमसिन गोख्रों। Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. एनथ्रेक्सा बेसिलास एनथ्रेसिस बुंनाय मोनसे बेक्टेरियाजों सोमजिहोजानाय मोनसे गोब्राब सनदेरथाव बेराम। Anthrax most commonly occurs in livestock, but can also infect humans. एनथ्रेक्सा जोबोर सरासनस्रायै फिसिनाय-जुनारनियाव नुजायो, नाथाय मानसिनियावबो सनदेरनो हायो। Anthrax is most common in agricultural regions where it occurs in animals. एन्थ्रेक्सा आबादारि ओनसोलफोराव जोबोर सरासनस्रा जेराव बेयो जुनारफोरनियाव ओंखारो। Although anthrax can be found globally, it is more often a risk in countries with less standardized and effective public health and animal health programs. एनथ्रेक्सखौ मुलुगनांआरियै मोननो हायोब्लाबो, बेयो खम मानथाय-गोनां आरो गोहोम-गोनां रायजोआरि सावस्रि आरो जुनार सावस्रि हाबाफारिफोर गोनां हादोरफोराव जोबोर गोबाङै गिनो-गोनां। Areas currently listed as high risk are South and Central America, Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East. दासानदि गोबां गिनो-गोनां महरै फारि-खालामजानाय ओनसोलफोरा जादों खोला आरो मिरु आमेरिका, खोलाहायारि आरो सानजायारि इउरप, एसिया, आफ्रिका, कारिबियान, आरो गेजेर सानजा। When anthrax affects humans, it is usually due to an occupational exposure to infected animals or their products. जेब्ला एनथ्रेक्सा मानसिफोरनियाव साग्लोबो, बेयो सरासनस्रायै सनदेरजानाय जुनारफोर एबा बिसोरनि दिहुनथायफोरनिसिम मोनसे बेबसायारि उदां-खालामनायनि जाहोनाव। Workers who are exposed to dead animals and animal products (industrial anthrax) from other countries where anthrax is more common may become infected with B. anthracis. मावसोमग्राफोर जायफोरा गुबुन हादोरफोरनि थैनाय जुनारफोर आरो जुनार दिहुनथाफोर (दारिमिनारि एनथ्रेक्स) जों उदां-खालामजायो जेराव एनथ्रेक्सा जोबोर सरासनस्रा, बि एनथ्रेसिसजों सनदेरहोजानो हागौ। Anthrax in animals rarely occurs in the United States and consequently human anthrax is rare here. एनथ्रेक्सा जुथाय हादोरफोराव जुनारफोरनियाव खमथारै नुजायो आरो बिदियैनो मानसि एनथ्रेक्सा बेहाय आगोमा। Dengue fever is a disease caused by a virus spread by the bite of an infected mosquito, uncommon in Wisconsin. डेंगु लोमजानाया मासे सनदेरजानाय थामफैनि अरनायजों गोसारनाय भाइरासजों सोमजिहोजानाय मोनसे बेराम, उइसकनसियाव खमथार। The disease is common in most tropical and subtropical areas including some islands in the Caribbean, Mexico, most countries of South and Central America, the Pacific, Asia and parts of tropical Africa. बे बेरामा कारिबियान, मेक्सिकनि माखासे दिपफोर, खोला आरो मिरु आमेरिका, पेसिफिक, एसियानि बांसिन हादोरफोर आरो क्रानतियारि आफ्रिकानि बाहागोफोरखौ लाफानानै जोबोर गुदुं आरो दुङा-सुवा ओनसोलफोराव जाफ्लेग्रा। Cases originating in the United States are rare occurring occasionally in southern Texas. जुथाय हादोरफोराव सोमजिनाय जाथायफोरा खोलाहायारि तेक्सासाव सम-समै खमै ओंखारग्रा। Occasionally, residents from or visitors to countries where dengue fever occurs may arrive in this country and develop dengue fever. सम-समै, थागिबिफोर एबा हादोरफोरसिम दावबायारिफोरा, जेराव डेंगु लोमजानाया नुजायो, बे हादोराव सफैनो हागौ आरो डेंगु लोमजानायखौ मोनहोनो हागौ। The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a sexually transmitted virus (STI) that attacks the body's immune system, which provides a natural defence system against disease and infection. हिउमेन इमिउनडिफिसियेनसि भाइरास (एइस आइ भि) आ आथोनारियै बारस्लायनाय भाइरास (एस ति आइ) जाय देहानि होबथा बिखानथिखौ गाग्लोबो जाय बेराम आरो सनदेरनायनि हेंथायै मिथिंगायारि होबथानाय बिखानथि जगायो। HIV infects special cells, called CD4 cells, which are found in your blood, and are responsible for fighting infection. एइस आइ भि या सि डि4 जिबख्रिफोर बुंनाय, जर’खा जिबख्रिफोराव सनदेरो, जायफोरखौ नोंनि थैयाव मोननाय जायो, आरो सनदेरथिफोरजों जुजिनायनि थाखाय बिबानगिरि। After becoming infected, the CD4 cells are destroyed by HIV. सनदेरनाय जाखांनायनि उनाव सि डि4 जिबख्रिफोरा एइस आइ भि जों फोजोबस्रांजायो। Although the body will attempt to produce more CD4 cells, their numbers will eventually decline and the immune system will stop working. देहाया बांसिन सि डि4 जिबख्रिफोर दिहुननो नाजागोनसेयावबो, बिफोरनि बिबाङा जोबथियाव गोग्लैसोगोन आरो होबथा बिखानथिया खामानि-मावनो दबदागोन। This leaves a person who is infected with HIV with a high risk of developing a serious infection, or disease, such as cancer. बेयो सासे मानसिखौ मोनसे गोख्रों सनदेरनाय, एबा बेराम जेरै बादि केनसार सोमजिनायनि गोबां गिनायजों नागारलाङो जाय एइस आइ भि जों सनदेरजायो। HIV is a special type of virus known as a retrovirus. एइस आइ भि या मोनसे रित्रभाइरास महरै मिथिजानाय मोनसे जर’खा रोखोमनि भाइरास। Retroviruses spread by breaking down the DNA in our cells and then reassembling it to make copies of itself. रित्रभाइरासफोरा डि एन ए खौ सिफायनानै जोंनि जिबख्रिफोराव गोसारो आरो बेनि-उनाव बेखौ बेनि-गावनिनो नखलफोर खालामनो एखे-नुहोयो। Retroviruses are challenging to treat as they can rapidly alter (mutate) into new strains of virus. रित्रभाइरासफोरा बिसोर भाइरासनि गोदान फोलेराव गोख्रैयै बास्लायनो (सोलायनो) हायो हिसाबै सोलिनो जुजिगासिनो दं। Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a term that is used to describe the latter stages of HIV, when the immune system has stopped working and the person develops a life-threatening condition, such as pneumonia (infection of the lungs). एकुयेरद इमिउन डिफिसियेनसि सिनड्रम (ए आइ डि एस) आ मोनसे सोदोब जाय एइस आइ भि नि उननि थाखोफोरखौ फोरमायनो बाहायजायो, जेब्ला होबथा बिखानथिया खामानि-मावनो दबदाबाय आरो सुबुङा जिउ-सिगिजानाय थासारि मोनो, जेरै बादि निमुनिया (संफ्लफोरनि समदेरनाय)। The term 'AIDS' was first used by doctors when the exact nature of the HIV virus was not fully understood. ‘ए आइ डि एस’ सोदोबा गिबियाव दाकथारफोरजों बाहायजादोंमोन जेब्ला एइस आइ भि भाइरासनि थि आखुखौ आबुङै बुजियाखैमोन। However, the term is no longer widely used because it is too general to describe the many different conditions that can affect somebody with HIV. होमब्लाबो, सोदोबा गुवारै बाहायजालिया मानोना बेयो गोबां गुबुन-गुबुन थासारिफोरखौ फोरमायनो जोबोर सरासनस्रा जाय सोरबा-सासेखौ एइस आइ भि जों साग्लोबनो हायो। Specialists now prefer use the terms 'advanced', or 'late stage' HIV infection. रोंगौसाफोरा दा ‘आगु-जानाय’ एबा ‘उन थाखो’ एइस आइ भि सनदेरनाय सोदोबफोरखौ बाहायनो फसायो। HIV is a global pandemic, which means that it is a condition that has been spread across the world. एइस आइ भि या मुलुगनां नुसारजाग्रा, जाय ओंथि-होयोदि बेयो मोनसे थासारि जाय बुहुम नाङैनो गोसारहोजाबाय। The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 33 million people around the world are currently infected with HIV. मुलुग सावस्रि फसंथान (डब्लिउ एइस अ) आ आनदास-खालामोदि बुहुम नाङै 33 मिलन सुबुंफोरा दासानदि एइस आइ भि जों सनदेरहोजायो। It is also estimated that 25 million people have died of HIV since the pandemic began in 1981. बेखौबो आनदाज-खालामनाय जादोंदि 1981 याव नुजासारनाया जागायनायनिफ्रायनो 25 मिलन सुबुंफोरा थैबाय। The virus is particularly widespread in sub-Saharan Africa - the African countries that lay south of the Sahara Desert, such as South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique. भाइरासा जर’खायै लेङाइ-साहारायारि आफ्रिका – आफ्रिकायारि हादोरफोराव गुवार-गोसारनाय जाय साहारा बालाहामानि खोलाहा गोलाङो जेरै बादि खोला आफ्रिका, जिमबाबु आरो मजामबिक। In the UK, there are 73,000 people living with HIV, and experts believe that 30% of people with HIV do not know that they have the condition. इउ के याव 73,000 सुबुङा एइस आइ भि जों जिउखुंनाय दं, आरो रोंगौसाफोरा फोथायो दि 30% एइस आइ भि गोनां सुबुङा मिथिया दि बिसोरहा बे थासारिया दं। The number of people who are diagnosed with HIV has been rising since the beginning of the 21st century. सुबुंफोरनि अनजिमाया 21थि जौथाय जागायनायनिफ्रायनो बांबोगासिनो दं जायफोर एइस आइ भि गोनां संजायो। It is thought that this is due to people wrongly thinking that HIV is no longer a threat to the public health. बेखौ साननाय जादोंदि बेयो सुबुंफोरा गोरोनथियै साननायनि जाहोनाव दि एइस आइ भि या सुबुं सावस्रिनि गिथाव जाना-गैलिया। The HIV virus can be spread through the exchange of bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, and vaginal fluids. एइस आइ भि भाइरासा देहायारि लाव-मुवाफोर सोलायनायनि गेजेरजों गोसारहोजानो हागौ, जेरै बादि थै, बिर्य, आरो सिफायारि लाव-मुवाफोर। The most common way that HIV is spread is through sexual intercourse, including oral and anal sex. एइस आइ भि गोसारनायनि जोबोर सरासनस्रा राहाया जादों खुगायारि आरो खिथुवारि आथोन-गेलेनायखौ लाफानानै आथोनारि खयलायनायनि गेजेरजों The virus can also be spread through sharing needles, and from a pregnant woman to her unborn baby. भाइरासा बिजिफोर नाजावलायनायनि गेजेरजोंबो गोसारहोजानो हायो आरो सासे दोरसि आयजोनिफ्राय बिनि जोनोम-जायि गथ’निसिम। However, due to advances in treatment, it is now possible to prevent the virus from being passed on by the mother to her child. होमब्लाबो, सिकितसायाव जौगानायनि जाहोनाव, बिमानिफ्राय बिनि गथ’निसिम बास्लायहोजानायनिफ्राय भाइरासखौ होबथानाया दा जाथाव। However, this does not mean that the condition is only a concern for the gay community. होमब्लाबो, बेयो ओंथि-होआ दि थासारिया गे सुबुं-हारिनि थाखायल’ लोबबा-गोनां। In the UK, it is estimated that one in ten cases of HIV are acquired during heterosexual sex. इउ के याव, बेखौ आनदाज-खालामनाय जादों दि एइस आइ भि नि मोन जि जाथायफोराव मोन सेया उलथा-आथोनारि खयलायनाय समाव आजावजानाय। Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin. इमपेगआ बिगुरनि मोनसे जोबोरै बारदेरथाव बेक्टेरियायारि सनदेरनाय। Non-bullous impetigo is the most common, accounting for over 70% of cases. नन- बुलास इमपेगआ 70% नि बारा जाथायफोरनि थाखाय जाहोन-जानानै जोबोर जाफ्लेग्रा। The condition is most common in children, normally occurring between the ages of two and four. थासारिया गथ’फोरनियाव जोबोर जाफ्लेग्रा, सरासनस्रायै नै आरो ब्रै बोसोर-बैसोनि गेजेराव नुजानाय। However, the condition can affect adults, especially if they are living in a confined environment such as an army barracks. होमब्लाबो, थासारिया बैसोगोराफोरखौ साग्लोबनो हायो, जर’खायै जुदि बिसोर मोनसे सिमा-गोनां बारहावायाव जिउखुंगासिनो दं जेरै बादि मोनसे सानथ्रि खरंफोर। Impetigo will normally resolve without the need for treatment within two to three weeks. इमतिगआ सरासनस्रायै नैनिफ्राय थाम हाबथाफोरसिमनि गेजेराव सिकितसानि थाखाय गोनांथि गैयालासे जोबलांगोन। Antibiotic creams are normally used to treat the infection, to minimise the risk of the condition spreading. थासारिया गोसारनायनि गिनांनायखौ खमायनो, सरासनस्रायै सनदेरनायखौ जोथोन-लानो एनतिबायतिक क्रिमफोरा बाहायजायो। Impetigo is normally not serious, though it is important to take precautions to avoid spreading it to other people, especially newborn babies. इमतिगआ सरासनस्रायै गोख्रों नङा, होमब्लाबो बेखौ गुबुन सुबुंफोर, जरखायै जोनोम-गोदान गथ’फोरनियाव गोसारनायखौ नेवसिनो आगु-जोथोनफोर आजावनाया गोनां। These include carefully washing hands after touching the affected areas of skin and not sharing towels or bed linen. बेफोर बिगुरनि साग्लोबजानाय ओनसोलफोरखौ दांनायनि उनाव आखायफोरखौ जोथोनै सुनाय आरो गामसाफोर एबा एम जि नाजावलायिखौ लाफायो। Most people will no longer be contagious after 48 hours of antibiotic treatment or once their sores have dried up and healed. बांसिन सुबुङा एनतिबायतिक सिकितसानि 48 घनताफोर उनाव एबा बिसोरनि गाराया खनसे रानबायब्ला आरो गाबायब्ला बारदेरहोथाव जाना थानाय नङा। They include the infection spreading to the lymph nodes (lymphadenitis) or to a deeper layer of skin (cellulites). बेफोर लिम्फ गान्थिफोराव (लिम्फाडेनितिस) एबा बिगुरनि गोथौसिन खोलोबाव (चेलुलाइतफोर) गोसारनाय सनदेरनायखौ लाफायो। Very rarely the infection can also spread to the kidneys, though this occurs in less than 1% of cases. जोबोर खमै सनदेरनाया किडनिफोरसिमबो गोसारनो हायो, होमब्लाबो बेयो 1% जाथायफोरनिख्रुयबो खमसिन नुजायो। Rabies is an infection of the central nervous system that can affect all warm-blooded creatures, including humans. रेबिसा मोनसे मिरु स्नायु बिखान्थिनि सनदेरनाय जाय मानसिफोरखौ लाफानानै गासै दुंब्रुद-थैगोनां जिब-जुनारखौ साग्लोबनो हायो। Rabies is also known as hydrophobia (fear of water). रेबिसखौ हायड्रफबिया (दैनि गिनाय) महरैबो मिथिनाय जायो। The rabies virus causes inflammation (swelling) of the brain and is transmitted through saliva from the bite of an infected animal, usually a dog, into the bloodstream. रेबिस भाइरासा मेलेमनि आलौनाय (बुदबनाय) सोमजिहोयो आरो मासे सनदेरजानाय जुनार, सरासनस्रायै सैमानि अरनायनिफ्राय खुदैनि गेजेरजों थै-रोदायाव बारस्लायहोजानो हायो। Once the disease is fully established in a person and they begin to show symptoms, it almost always leads to death. बेरामा फुरायै सासे मानसिनियाव खनसे गायसनजायोब्ला आरो बेफोर लैखोनफोर दिनथिनो जागायो, बेयो प्राय जेब्लाबो थैहोनो हायो। The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that between 40,000 and 70,000 people die from rabies every year, as a result of being bitten by a rabid animal. बुहुम सावस्रि फसंथान (डब्लिउ एइस अ) आ आनदाज-खालामदोंदि रेबिड जुनारजों अरजानायनि फिथाइ महरै रेबिसजों बोसोरफ्रोमबो 40,000 आरो 70,000 नि गेजेराव सुबुंफोरा थैयो। Urban rabies affects dogs and cats; Sylvain (wild) rabies affects bats and foxes and other wild animals. नोगोर-सेरारि रेबिसफोरा सैमाफोर आरो मावजिफोरखौ साग्लोबो; सिलभेइन (हाग्रानि) रेबिसा बादालिफोर आरो सियालफोर आरो गुबुन हाग्रा जुनारफोरखौ साग्लोबो। Rabies is found in over 150 countries but at least 30 countries, including the UK are now officially classified as rabies free, mainly through strict animal transport controls. रेबिसखौ 150 नि बारा हादोरफोराव मोननाय जायो नाथाय खमैबो इउ के खौ लाफानानै 30 हादोरफोरा दा मावखुलियारियै रेबिस उदां महरै बाहागो-खालामजायो, गाहायै गोख्रों जुनारफोर हानथामेला दबथायथिफोरनि गेजेरजों। Chicken Pox, also known as Varicella, is an acute and highly contagious disease. भेरिचेला महरैबो मिथिजानाय, लोनथि-बेरनाया मोनसे गोब्राब आरो जोबोरै बारदेरथाव बेराम। The viral infection is transferred from one person to another through direct contact with the broken chickenpox blisters and through airborne droplets. भाइरासारि सनदेरनाया सासे सुबुंनिफ्राय गुबुन-सासेनियाव सिफायनाय लोनथि-बेरनाय सिथरफोरजों थोंजों सोमोनदोनि गेजेरजों आरो बाराव-सोमजिनाय थरथिंफोरनि गेजेरजों बारस्लायहोजायो। People who have never had chickenpox can get infected just by being in a room with someone who has the disease. सुबुंफोरा जायफोर माब्लाबाबो लोनथि-बेरनाय मोनफेराखैमोन, बेराम गोनां सोरबा-सासेजों मोनसे खथायाव थाजाबनायजोंल’बो सनदेरहोजानो हागौ। There is universal susceptibility to the virus in those not previously infected. आगुवाव सनदेरजायि बैफोराव भाइरासनि अराय साग्लोबसारथावना दं। This viral disease is characterized by dry itching (pruritus) and a skin rash with fluid-filled blisters that burst and form crusts. भाइरासारि बेरामा लावमुवा-आबुं सिथरफोरजों गोरान मानलुनाय (मानस्लुनाय) आरो मोनसे बिगुर जाहाबनायजों आखुहोजायो जाय गुब्रुसारो आरो बेरफ्रुनाय महर-लायो। The onset of the chickenpox rash may be preceded by a day of mild fever and weakness. लोनथि-बेरनाय जाहाबनायनि जागायनाया सानसेनि गेजेर-जखा लोमजानाय आरो लोरबां-मोननायजों आवगायजानो हागौ। The infectious period lasts from about three days before the rash appears until all the blisters have formed scabs. सनदेरथाव सम-फारिया जाहाबनाया नुजानायनि थाम सानफोर फ्राम आगोलनिफ्राय गासै सिथरफोरा दाखोन महर-लानाय सिमहालागै जोरो। The incubation period between being infected with chickenpox until the disease breaks out and symptoms appear is 10 to 21 days. लोनथि-बेरनायजों सनदेरजानायनि गेजेराव बेराम-सोमजिनाय सम-फारिया बेरामा जोबस्रांसिमहालागै आरो लैखोनफोर नुजानाया 10 निफ्राय 21 सानफोरसिम। Most children have been infected with the virus by the age of 10. बांसिन गथ’फोरा 10 बोसोर-बैसोआव भाइरासजों सनदेरहोजाबाय। After infection, lifelong immunity against recurrent infection is usually present. However, a person with a history of chickenpox may develop shingles (herpeszoster) later in life. सनदेरनायनि उनाव, जाफ्लेबायथानाय सनदेरनायनि हेंथायै जिउसम होबथानाया सरासनस्रायै थायो। होमब्लाबो, लोनथि-बेरनायनि जारिमिन गोनां सासे मानसिया उन जिवाव सिंगलस (हेरपेजसतार) मोननो हागौ। In India, it usually occurs in the first six months of the year. भारताव, बेयो सरासनस्रायै बोसोरनि गिबि द’ दानफोराव नुजायो। Polio (also called poliomyelitis) is a contagious, historically devastating disease that was virtually eliminated from the Western hemisphere in the second half of the 20th century. पलिय’ (पलिय’मिलितिसबो बुंनाय) आ बारदेरथाव, जारिमिनारियै गाज्रि-खालामनाय बेराम जाय 20 थि जौथायनि नैथि बाहागोआव सोनाबारि हेमिस्फेयारनिफ्राय प्राय बोखारजादोंमोन। Although polio has plagued humans since ancient times, its most extensive outbreak occurred in the first half of the 1900s before the vaccination, created by Jonas Salk, became widely available in 1955. होमब्लाबो पलिय’आ मानसिफोरखौ गोजाम समफोरनिफ्रायनो कस्त-होबाय, बेनि जोबोर गुवार जाब्रबथाया जनास सकजों सोरजिजानाय, 1955 याव जोबोरै मोननो-हाथाव जानाय, मुलै-होथायनि आगोल 1900 जिथायनि गिबि खावसेयाव नुजादोंमोन। At the height of the polio epidemic in 1952, nearly 60,000 cases with more than 3,000 deaths were reported in the United States alone. 1952 नि पलिय’ सनदेरलाजोबनायनि जौसिन-थिखिनियाव, 3,000 निख्रुय बारा थैनायजों प्राय 60,000 जाथायफोरा जुथाय हादोरफोराव हारसिङैनो फोरमायथिहरजादोंमोन। However, with widespread vaccination, wild-type polio, or polio occurring through natural infection, was eliminated from the United States by 1979 and the Western hemisphere by 1991. होमब्लाबो, मुलै-होनायनि गुवार-गोसारनायजों गाज्रि-रोखोमनि पलिय’, एबा मिथिंगायारि सनदेरनायनि गेजेरजों पलिय’ नुजानाया 1979 सोआव जुथाय हादोराव आरो 1991 सोयाव सोनाबारि हेमिस्फेयाराव गैया-खालामजादोंमोन। Diphtheria is a serious and highly contagious disease caused by bacteria called Corynebacterium diptheriae. डिपथेरियाया करिनबेक्तेरियाम डिफथेरिये बुंनाय बेक्टेरियाजों सोमजिहोजानाय मोनसे गोख्रों आरो जोबोरै बारदेरथाव बेराम। This disease affects the upper respiratory tract (nose, throat, voice box and upper windpipe) and occasionally, the skin. बे बेरामा गोजौ हां-बोनायारि नोलि (गनथं, गोदोना, सोदोब बाकसु आरो गोजौ बार-नोलि) आरो सम-समै बिगुराव साग्लोबो। It can affect anyone, at any age and can be fatal. बे जायखि-जायाखौनो, जायखि-जाया बैसोआव साग्लोबनो हायो आरो फोथैनो हायो। Diphtheria is now extremely rare in the UK because of routine childhood immunisations since the 1940s but the diphtheria bacteria still exists in the world and nearly all new cases in the UK, are picked up while travelling abroad. 1940 जिथायनिफ्रायनो गथ’आरि होबथाथायनि जाहोनाव डिफथेरियाया इउ के याव दा जोबोरैनो आगोमा नाथाय डिफथेरिया बेक्टेरियाया दाबो बुहुमाव दं आरो गुबुन-हादोराव दावबायनाय समाव प्राय गोदान जाथायफोरा इउ के याव आजावजायो। The disease is still active in certain countries of the world, especially in those living in poverty and countries with not enough healthcare. बे बेरामा दाबो बुहुमनि थि हादोरफोराव मावथि, जर’खायै निखावरियै जिवखुंनाय आरो थोजासे सावस्रि-जोथोन गैयि बैफोर हादोरफोराव। The World Health Organisation (WHO) has reported that there have recently been large epidemics of diphtheria in several countries of Eastern Europe. बुहुम सावस्रि फसंथान (डब्लिउ एइस अ) आ फोरमायथिहरबाय दि सोनाबारि इउरपनि गोबां हादोरफोराव दाबावैसो डिफथेरियानि गोबां सनदेरलाजोबनाया जाबोगासिनो दं। An epidemic is a sudden widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a particular place or area. सनदेरलाजोबनाया मोनसे थि जायगा एबा ओनसोलाव सनदेरथाव बेरामनि मोनसे हरखाब जाब्रबथाय नुजानाय। South America, South East Asia, parts of India and Russia have also had epidemics in the past few years. खोला आमेरिका, खोला सानजा एसिया, भारतनि बाहागो आरो रासियायाबो थांखांनाय इसेल’ बोसोरफोराव सनदेरलाजोबनायखौ मोनदोंमोन। In the UK, babies are routinely immunised (vaccinated) against diphtheria as part of the triple vaccination course at two, three and four months old. इउ के याव गथ’फोरा नै, थाम आरो ब्रै दानफोरनि बैसोआव फानथाम मुलै-होनाय फालिनि बाहागो महरै डिफथेरियानि हेंथायै सम-फारियै होबथाजायो (मुलै-होजायो)। Booster doses are given before starting school and then again between the age of 16 and 18 years. उफेरा-फालियारि फालिफोरा फरायसालि जागायनायनि आगोल होजायो आरो बेनि-उनाव फिन 16 आरो 18 बोसोरफोरनि गेजेराव। Because of the success of the immunisation programme in the Western world, generations of parents have grown up knowing nothing about this disease. सोनाबारि बुहुमाव होबथानाय हाबाफारिनि जाफुंसारनायनि जाहोनाव, बे बेरामनि सोमोनदै जेबो मिथियालासे बिमा-बिफानि फोलेरा देरबोबाय। The Schick test, in which a tiny quantity of diphtheria toxin protein is injected into the skin of the forearm, can show whether you are still immune to diphtheria. सिक आनजादआ, जेराव मोनसे खम बिबांनि डिफथेरिया तक्सिन प्रटिनखौ गेजेर-आखान्थिनि बिगुराव थुसोहरनाय जायो, नों दाबो डिफथेरियानि होबथानाय नंगौना नङा दिनथिनो हायो। Get the answers to these questions: When is lunchtime? बेफोर सोंलुनि फिननायफोरखौ मोन: सानजौफु-खाजानि समा माब्ला। What and how much does your child eat at lunch? सानजौफु-खाजायाव नोंनि खुदियाया मा आरो बेसेबां जायो? Does your child get a snack at his or her after-school program? फरायसालि-उन मावफारियाव एबा उनाव नोंनि खुदियाया जामु मोनसे मोनोदा? This will help you figure out how hungry will your child be when he or she gets home. नोंनि खुदियाया बि एबा बियो बेसेबां उखैगोन बेखौ सिनायनो बेयो नोंखौ हेफाजाब-खालामगोन। You'll also want to think about what time you normally serve dinner. नों बबे समाव सरासनस्रायै साननि-गुबै-खाजाखौ मावमिन-होयो बेनि बागै नोंबो साननो लुबैगोन। A child who gets home famished at 3 and eats a large snack probably won't be hungry if dinner is at 5:30. खुदिया सासेया जाय 3 रिंगायाव उखैथाबनानै न’ मोनहैयो आरो मोनसे गेदेर जामु जायो साननि-गुबै-खाजाया 5:30आवब्ला उखैयाबो जानो हागौ। Likewise, it may not reasonable to expect a child whose parents work late to go until 7:30 with nothing to eat since lunch. बेबादियैनो खुदिया सासेखौ आसा-खालामनाया जुक्तिगोनां जायाबो जानो हागौ जायनि बिमा-बिफाफोरा सानजौफु-खाजानिफ्राय जेबो जायालासिनो गोबावसिम 7:30सिम खामानि-मावो। Think about your child's schedule and plan accordingly. नोंनि खुदियानि फारिलाय आरो बिथांखिनि बागै बिसोरनि बादियैनो सान। Next, talk about which snacks your child would like to have at snack time. उनाव जाय जामुखौ नोंनि खुदियाया जामु समाव जानो मोजां मोजां मोनगोन बेनि बागै रायलाय। Come up with a list of healthy options together and be sure to include a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables. सावस्रिगोनां सायखमिनफोरनि मोनसे फारिलायजों लोगोसेनो फै आरो फिथायफोर आरो मैगंफोरनि गुबुन-गुबुन-रोखोमफोरखौ सोफानो रोखा-जा। While a slice of cake or some potato chips shouldn't be forbidden foods, such low-nutrient snacks shouldn't be on the everyday after-school menu. केक एबा माबा आलु सिपसनि सैसेआ जेराव जानोमोनै खाजाफोर जानाङा, बेबादि खम-पुष्टिगोनां जामुफोरा फरायसालि मेनुनि उनाव सानफ्रोमबो जानाङा। If you can, take your child along to the grocery store and spend some time reading the nutrition facts labels and comparing products. नों हायोब्ला नोंनि खुदियाखौ गेला-माल दखानाव लां आरो पुष्टि खौरां मार्काफोरखौ फरायनानै आरो दिहुनथायफोरखौ रुजुनानै इसे सम बारहो। Pay attention to the amounts of protein, fiber, calcium, and other important nutrients, and don't miss the chance to talk about portion sizes. प्रटिन, बेजे, केलसियाम आरो गोनांथार पुष्टिफोरखौ गोसो-हो आरो प्रटिन महरफोरनि बागै रायलायनो खाबुखौ खोमा-नाङा। Together, choose snacks that are low in sugar, fat, and salt. लोगोसेनो जामुफोरखौ सायख जायफोरा चिनि, मेजेम आरो संख्रैयाव खम। Being involved in the process makes it more likely that your child will learn to make healthy food choices. फारिखान्थियाव लोब्बागोनां जानानै बेखौ बांसिन जाथावना खालामो दि नोंनि खुदियाया सावस्रिगोनां खाजा सायखनो सोलोंगोन। Make healthy snacks easily available by packing them in their lunchboxes or backpacks or by having them visible and ready-to-eat at home. बिसोरनि सानजौफु-खाजा बाखसुफोराव एबा बिखुङाव-बानाय-बेगआवबैफोरखौ थफ्ला-जुना एबा बैफोरखौ नुसारना खालामनानै आरो नआव जानो थियारि-खालामना सावस्रिगोनां जामु गोरलैयैनो मोनथावना खालाम। If you're at home after school, a young child might enjoy helping you make a creative snack like ants on a log (celery topped with peanut butter and raisin "ants"), egg boats (hard-boiled egg wedges topped with a cheese sail), or fruit kabobs. फरायसालिनि उनाव नों नआवब्ला सासे उन्दै खुदियाया दंफां-थुख्रायाव(चिलेरि-सायाव-होनाय बादाम माखन आरो गोरान-आंगुरजों “मोस्रोमफोर”), मोस्रोमफोरबादि मोनसे सोरजिलु जामु बानायना नोंखौ हेफाजाब-खालामना रंजानो हागौ, बिदै नावफोर (मोनसे गायखेर-दाखा नावजों गोब्राब रुनाय बिदै गाजोलफोर सायाव-होनाय) एबा फिथाय काबबजों। Older kids may enjoy a fruit smoothie, mini-pitas with hummus dip, or whole-grain crackers topped with cheese and pear slices. बैसोबांसिन खुदियाफोरा मोनसे मुहिनां फिथाय रंजानो हागौ, हिउमास गफबनायजों फिसा-पिता एबा गायखेर-दाखा आरो नाचपति सैनायफोरजों सायाव-होनाय गासै-मायहारि गावहोग्राफोर। Older kids often like making their own snacks, so provide the ingredients and a few simple instructions. बैसोबांसिन खुदियाफोरा प्राय बिसोरनि गावनि जामुफोरखौ बानायनो मोजां मोनो बेनिखायनो होफादेरनायफोरखौ मोननैसो गोरलै फोरोंथाय जगाय। If dinner is just around the corner, consider allowing a "first course," such as a small salad or side vegetable while you finish preparing the family meal. साननि-गुबै-खाजाया खनायावनो दङब्ला, नों नखरनि खाजा संनाय फोजोबनाय समाव बेबादि मोनसे फिसा सालाद एबा उफेरा मैगं मोनसे “गिबि फारिखौ” हगारनो गनाय। For those nights when dinner is hours away, you could opt for a more substantial snack such as half a sandwich or a quesadilla made with a whole-wheat tortilla, low-fat cheese, and salsa warmed in the microwave. बैफोर हरनि थाखाय जेब्ला साननि-गुबै-खाजाया घन्टाफोरनि उनाव नों सेन्दउइसनि खावसे एबा गासै गम तरतिलाजों बानायनाय मोनसे कुवेसादिलाबादि मोनसे बांसिन गेदेर जामु, खम-मेजेम गायखेर-दाखा आरो माइक्रवेभाव दुंहोनाय सालसा सायखनो हागोन। A good snack should take more time to eat than it does to prepare! मोनसे मोजां जामुआ बेखौ बानायनायनिखुरै जानो थाखाय बांसिन सम लानांगौ। If your child goes to an after-school program or to a caregiver's house, find out if snacks are served. नोंनि खुदियाया फरायसालिनि उननि हाबाफारि मोनसेय एबा जोथोन-होग्रानि न’आव थाङोब्ला जामुफोरखौ जाहोदोंमोनब्ला नागिरना-दिहुन। If you don't like what you hear, suggest alternatives or just pack an extra snack your child can eat after school. नों जा खोनायो बेखौ मोदां मोनब्ला गुबुन-राहाफोरखौ सुबुरुन-हो एबा उफेरा जामु मोनसे थफ्ला-जु नोंनि खुदियाया फरायसालिनि उनाव जानो हायो। Lower-fat granola bars made with whole grains are a good choice. मायहारिजोंल बानायनाय खमसिन-मेजेम ग्रानला बारफोरा मोनसे सायखनाय। Other options include trail mix, nuts, low-sugar dry cereal, whole-grain mini-muffins, and dried fruits. गुबुन सायखमिनफोरा मानखोनाय गलायनाय, नाटफोर, खम-चिनि गोरान सबायहारि, गासै-मायहारि फिसा माफिनफोर आरो गोरान फिथायफोरखौ लाफायो। These types of foods are especially helpful if your child plays a sport after school and needs a quick energy boost. फरायसालिनि उनाव नोंनि खुदियाया मोनसे खेल गेलेयोब्ला आरो थाब गोहो बारायहोग्रानि गोनांथि-जायोब्ला खाजानि बेफोर रोखोमफोरा जरखायै हेफाजाबथाव। Again, the best strategy is to leave something healthy front and center on the kitchen counter or in the refrigerator. आरोबाव साबसिन सोलोआ जादों इसिं खथायाव एबा रेफ्रिजारेतराव माबा सावस्रिगोनां सिगां आरो मिरु हगारनाया। A hungry child, like a hungry adult, is likely to take the path of least resistance. सासे उखैनाय बैसोगोराबादि सासे उखैनाया खुदियाया जाथावनायै खम हेंथा लानांगौ। Regular checkups help the doctor monitor your child's growth and development. सानफ्रोमबो आनजाद-नायनाया दाक्टारा नोंनि खुदियानि बारायनाय आरो जौगानायखौ नोजोर-होनायाव हेफाजाब-होयो। For years, doctors have used height and weight measurements as their primary tools for assessing a child's physical growth in relation to other children of the same age. बोसोरफोर फारियै दाक्टारफोरा जौथाय आरो लिरथाय जखा-सुनायफोरखौ सासे खुदियानि एखे बैसोनि गुबुन खुदियाफोरजों रुजुनायाव मोदोमारि बारायनायखौ बिजिरना-नायनो थाखाय बिसोरनि गिबि आगजुफोर हिसाबै बाहायबोबाय। BMI is a calculation that uses a child's height and weight to estimate how much body fat he or she has. बि.एम.आइ.आ मोनसे हिसाब जायखौ खुदियानि जौथाय आरो लिरथायखौ बि एबा बिहा बेसेबां मोदोम मेजेम दङ अनुमान-खालामनो बाहायो। Doctors use BMI to determine how appropriate a child's weight is for a certain height and age. मोनसे-थि जौथाय आरो बैसोनि थाखाय खुदिया सासेनि लिरथाया माबोरै थि-जायो रोखा-जानो दाक्टारफोरा बि.एम.आइ.खौ बाहायो। Kids are always rooting around in the kitchen, especially during the teen years. खुदियाफोरा अरायबो इसिंनि सोरगिदिं बारायो जरखायै जि बोसोरनि समाव। For people with binge eating disorder, at first food may provide sustenance or comfort, but later it's the focus of incredible guilt and distress. नेमआरि-नङै जानाय बेले-बेजेगोनां सुबुंनि थाखाय गिबियाव खाजाया फिसिनाय एबा आराम जगायनो हागौ नाथाय उनाव बेयो रुजुजायै दायनिगिरि-साननाय आरो जिंगानि रिफिनाय। They eat unusually large amounts of food quickly and feel completely out of control as they do it, and they binge not just from time to time, but fairly regularly. थाबैनो बिसोर सरासनस्रायै गोबां बिबांनि खाजा जायो आरो बिसोर मावनाय हिसाबै आबुङै दबथायहायै मोनदाङो आरो बिसोर सम-समल’ नोमआरि-नङै-जाया नाथाय आबुङै नेमआरियै। These behaviors become a pattern of eating and can alternate with dieting. बेफोर आखु-बाहायनायफोरा जानायनि मोनसे महर जायो आरो खाजाजों सोलायनो हायो। Binge eating disorder is more common in people who are obese, but it affects people with healthy weights as well. बांद्राय-मेजेमगोनां सुबुंफोरनाव नेमआरि-नङै जानाय बेले-बेजेया बांसिन सरासनस्रा नाथाय सावस्रिगोनां लिरथायजों लोगोसेनो बेयो सुबुंखौ खहा-खालामो। However, there's little information on how many children and teens are affected by the disorder because the condition has only recently been recognized, and many people may be too embarrassed to seek help for it. बेले-बेजेजों साबेसे खुदिया आरो सेंग्राफोरा खहा जादोंमोन बेनि सायाव अदेबानि एसेल’ खौरां दङ मानोना थाथाया दाबावैसो सिनायजाबोदों आरो गोबां सुबुङा बेनि थाखाय हेफाजाब नागिरनो जोबोर खायसो-मोननाय जानो हागौ। Adults in treatment often say their problems started in childhood or adolescence. फाहामनायाव बैसोगोराफोरा प्राय बिसोरनि खुदिया-सम एबा जौमोन-समाव जागायनाय जेंनाफोरखौ बुङो। Still, it's believed that 2% of adult Americans - roughly 1 million to 2 million people - have the disorder. दासिमबो बेखौ फोथायो दि बैसोगोरा आमेरिकायारिफोरनि 2%आ- मटामटियै 1 मिलियननिफ्राय 2 मिलियन सुबुंसिम बेले-बेजेया दङ। And although the majority of people with other eating disorders are female, it's estimated that more than a third of individuals with binge eating disorder are male. आरो गुबुन जानाय बेले-बेजेगोनां सुबुंनि बांसिन-बाहागोआनो आयजोब्लाबो बेयो अनिमान-खालामजायो दि सुबुंनि थाम बाहागोनि सेआ नेमआरिनङै-जानायगोनां बेले-बेजेफोरा हौवा। Children and teens who sometimes eat a lot don't necessarily have binge eating disorder. खुदिया आरो जौमोनारिफोरा जाय माब्लाबा गोबां जायो गोनांथि गैयैयै नेमआरि-नङै जानाय बेले-बेजे दङ। Kids can have huge appetites, especially during growth spurts, when they need more nutrients to fuel their growing bodies. खुदियाफोरा जोबोर उखैनो हागौ जरखायै हरखाब-गोबारै बारायनाय समाव जेब्ला बिसोरनि बारायबाय-थानाय मोदोमनो इन्धन जगायनो बिसोरनो बांसिन पुष्टिनि गोनांथि-जायो। So it can be difficult to determine whether a child has binge eating disorder. खुदिया सासेना नेमारिनङै-जानाय बेले-बेजे दङना-गायै बेनिखायनो थि-खालामनो बेयो गोब्राब जानो हागौ। But several signs distinguish someone who binge eats from someone with a "healthy appetite" . Parents may first suspect a problem when they discover large amounts of food are missing from the pantry or the refrigerator, though it's hard to imagine one child could have eaten so much. नाथाय गोबां नेरसोनफोरा सोरबा-सासेखौ फोरमायो जायो “सावस्रिगोनां उखैनाय”गोनां सासेनिखुरै नेमआरि-नङै जायो। बिमा-बिफाया गिबियाव मोनसे जेंना सन्देह खालामनो-हागौ जेब्ला बिसोर पेन्ट्रि आरो रेफ्रिजारेटरनिफ्राय गोबां बिबांनि खाजाफोरा गोमानायखौ दिहुनसङो, खुदिया सासेया इसेबां बांसिन जाबोबाय बेयो सानना-लानो गोब्राबब्लाबो। People who binge eat may also experience feelings that are common to many eating disorders, such as depression, anxiety, guilt, or shame. नेमआरि-नङैयै जानाय सुबुङा गोसो-बायनाय, दुखु, दायनिगिरि-साननाय आरो लाजिनायबादि मोनदांथिफोरखौ जायफोरा गोबां जानाय बेले-बेजेजों सरासनस्रा मोनरोंगिथिनोबो हागौ। They may avoid school, work, or socializing with friends because they're ashamed of their binge eating problem. बिसोर फारयसालि, खामानि एबा लोगोफोरजों समाजारि-जानायखौ नागारनो हागौ मानोना बिसोर बिसोरनि नेमआरि-नङै जानाय जेंनाखौ लाजियो। The cause of binge eating disorder is unknown, although the National Institutes of Health (NIH) report that up to half of all people who have it also have a history of depression. नेमआरि-नङै जानाय बेले-बेजेनि जाहोना मिथिमोनै, सावस्रिनि हादोरारि फसंथान (एन.आइ.एइस.) खौराङा जाय गासै सुबुंनि खावसेसिमब्लाबो जायहा गोसो-बायनायनि मोनसे जारिमिन थानायाबो दङ। It remains unclear, however, whether binge eating brings on depression or whether people with depression are prone to the disorder. अदेबानि नेमआरि-नङै जानाया गोसो-बायनायाव लाबोयोना-लाबोआ एबा गोसो-बायनायगोनां सुबुङा बेले-बेजे-जानो जाथावना नंगौना-नङा बेयो रोखानङै जाना थायो। Many people who binge eat say that episodes can be triggered by feelings of anger, sadness, boredom, or anxiety. गोबां सुबुङा जाय नेमआरि-नङै जायो बुङो दि रागा, दुखु, बानाय एबा खायसो-मोननाय मोनदांनायफोरजों खोन्दोफोरखौ होखारनो हायो। Scientists are also examining how brain function and body metabolism (the way the body uses energy) may affect binge eating. मेलेम मावथाय आरो मोदोम मेताबलिजमा (मोदोमा गोहो बाहायनायनि राहा) नेमआरि-नङै जानायखौ खहा खालामनो हागौ गोनोखोगिरिफोरा आनजाद-नायगासिनो दङ। It's important to distinguish binge eating disorder from other eating disorders, such as bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. बुलिमिया नारभसा आरो एनरेक्सिया नारभसाबादि नेमआरि-नङै जानाय बेले-बेजेया जानाय बेले-बेजेनिफ्राय फाराग-खालामनो बेयो गोनांथार। People with bulimia nervosa (sometimes called binge-purge syndrome) binge on food and then vomit or use laxatives to avoid gaining weight. बुलिमिया नारभसागोनां (माब्लाबा नेमआरिनङै-जानाय-गोथार-खालामनाय लैखोन बुंजायो) सुबुङा खाजायाव नेमआरिनङै-जायो आरो बेनि-उनाव गोबायो एबा लिरथाय बांनायखौ नेवसिनो लाकजुतिभ बाहायो। They may also fast (stop eating for a while) or compulsively exercise after an eating binge. बिसोर उपबाष-थानोबो हागौ (दसेनि थाखाय जानायखौ गारनाय) एबा नेमआरि-नङै जानाय खनसेनि उनाव एंगारनोहायैयै ब्याम-खालामनाय। Like people who suffer from binge eating disorder, those with bulimia nervosa repeatedly eat excessive amounts of food and feel guilty or ashamed about it. नेमआरि-नङै जानाय बेले-बेजेयाव भुगिनाय सुबुंनि बादि बुलिमिया नारभसागोनां बैफोरा गोबां-खेब बांद्राय बिबांनि खाजा जायो आरो दायनिगिरि मोनदाङो एबा बेनि बागै लाजियो। Unlike bulimia, however, individuals with binge eating disorder do not purge and are, therefore, frequently overweight. बुलिमियाबादि नङै अदेबानि नेमआरिनङै-जानाय बेले-बेजेगोनां सुबुंफोरा साफा-खालामा आरो बिसोर बेनिखायनो गले-गले बांद्राय-लिरथायारि। Anorexia nervosa, another eating disorder, also involves feelings of guilt about eating. एनरेक्जिया नारभसाया गुबुन-मोनसे जानाय बेले-बेजे, जानायनि बागै दायनिगिरि मोनदांनायजोंबो लोब्बागोनां। Whereas people with binge eating disorder consistently overeat, people with anorexia starve themselves, causing potentially life-threatening damage to their bodies. जेराव नेमआरिनङै-जानाय बेले-बेजेगोनां सुबुङा नेमआरियै बांसिन-जायो, एनरेक्जियागोनां सुबुङा गावसोरखौ उखैहाबना-लाखियो, बिसोरनि मोदोमखौ जिउ-सिगिग्रा खहा-जानायनि जाथावनायै जाहोन। They may also compulsively exercise to achieve weight loss, a condition known as anorexia athletica. एनरेक्जिया एथलेतिका हिसाबै मिथिजानाय मोनसे थाथाय लिरथाय खमायनो बिसोर एंगारनोहायैयै ब्याम-खालामनोबो हागौ। A child will be diagnosed with a binge eating disorder only after discussing family dynamics, patterns of eating, and emotional issues with a doctor. नखरारि आखु-बाहायनायफोर, जानायनि महरफोर आरो दाक्टार सासेजों आबेगारि जेंनाफोरखौ सावरायनायनि उनावसो नेमआरिनङै-जानाय बेले-बेजेजों खुदिया सासेया लैखोन-सिनायजानो हागौ। The doctor will also perform a complete physical and may order lab tests to assess some complications of obesity and nutritional adequacy. दाक्टारा मोनसे आबुं देहायारिबो दिन्थिफुंगोन आरो बांद्राय-मोदोमनि माखासे गोब्राबथिफोरखौ आरो पुष्टियारि थोजासेथिखौ रोखा-जानो लेब आनजादबो बिथोन होनो-हागौ। As with any eating disorder, it's also important that the child receives therapy. जायखिजाया जानाय बेले-बेजेजों हिसाबै बेबो गोनांथार दि खुदियाया थेरापिखौ मोनो। Different types of therapy can help treat binge eating disorder. गुबुन-गुबुन रोखोमनि थेरापिफोरा नेमआरिनङा-जानाय बेलेबेजेखौ फाहामनायाव हेफाजाब-खालामनो हायो। For example, family therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy teach people techniques to monitor and change their eating habits and the way they respond to stress. बिदिन्थि हिसाबै नखर थेरापि आरो रोंमोनदांथियारि आखुवारि थेरापिया सुबुंखौ बिसोरनि जानाय हुदाफोरखौ आरो जिंगानो फिन होनाय राहाखौ नोजोर-होनायनि सोलोफोरखौ फोरोङो। Family therapy includes the whole family in the process of helping the individual. नखर थेरापिया सुबुंखौ हेफाजाब-खालामनाय फारिखान्थियाव गासै नखरखौनो लाफायो। Cognitive-behavioral therapy combines the approach of helping people change self-defeating thoughts along with changing their behavior. रोंमोनदांथियारि-आखुवारि थेरापिया सुबुंखौ हेफाजाब-खालामनायनि राहाफोरखौ फोनांजाबो बिसोरनि आखुखौ सोलायनायजों लोगोसेनो गावखौ-फेजेननाय साननायखौ सोलायो। Counseling also helps patients look at relationships they have with others and helps them work on areas that cause them anxiety. बोसोन-होनायाबो जब्राफोरा गुबुनफोरजों थानाय लोगोनि-सोमोन्दोखौ नोजोर-होनायाव हेफाजाब-खालामो आरो बिसोरखौ गोनो-गोथो-जाहोनायनि जाहोननि थिलिफोराव खामानि मावनायाव बिसोरखौ हेफाजाब-खालामो। In some cases, doctors may prescribe antidepressant medication to be used in conjunction with therapy. माखासे जाथायफोराव थेरापिजोंनो ज’यैनो बाहायनो दाक्टारफोरा गोसो-बायनाय-होखारग्रा मुलैफोरखौ गनायथिनो हागौ। However, there's no quick fix for any eating disorder. अदेबानि जायखिजाया जानाय बेले-बेजेनि थाखाय जेबो थाब रोखा-जानाय गैया। Treatment can take several months or longer while the person learns how to have a healthier approach to food. खाजानि थाखाय माबोरै सावस्रिगोनांसिन मोनसे राहा मोननो हायो सुबुङा सोलोंनाय समाव फाहामनाया गोबां दान एबा गोलावसिन लानो हागौ। Although weight-control programs are helpful for some people affected by binge eating disorder, children and teens should not begin a diet or weight-control program without the advice and supervision of a doctor. लिरथाय होबथानाय हाबाफारिफोरा नेमआरिनङै जानाय बेले-बेजेजों खहा-खालामजानाय माखासे सुबुंनि थाखाय हेफाजाबथावब्लाबो खुदिया आरो जौमोनारिफोरा दाक्टार सासेनि बोसोन आरो नायथिंनाय गैयालासे मोनसे खाजा एबा लिरथाय दबथायनाय हाबाफारि जागायनाङा। If you suspect your child has a problem with binge eating, call your doctor or health care provider for advice and referrals to qualified mental health professionals who have experience treating eating disorders in kids. नेमारिनङै जानायनि मोनसे जेंना दङ होनना नों नोंनि खुदियाखौ सनदेह-खालामोब्ला आरजाथावगोनां गोसोआरि सावस्रि जिउ-राहागिरिनिसिम जायहा खुदियानाव जानायनि बेले-बेजेखौ फाहामनायनि मोनरोंगौथि दङ सुबुरुन आरो गनायथिनायनि थाखाय नोंनि दाक्टार एबा सावस्रि जोथोन जगायग्राखौ लिंहर। Reassure your child that you're there to help or just to listen. नोंनि खुदियाखौ फोथायहोनो दि नों हेफाजाब-खालामनो एबा खोनासंनो दङ। Having an eating disorder can be difficult to admit, and your child may not be ready to acknowledge having a problem. मोनसे जानाय बेले-बेजे थानाया गनायनो गोब्राब जानो हागौ आरो जेंना मोनसे थानायखौ सिमान-जानो नोंनि खुदियाया थियारि नङा जानो हागौ। You can also encourage healthier eating habits by modeling your own positive relationship with food and exercise and by not using food as a reward. नोंनि गावनि खाजा आरो ब्यामजों दाजाबथायारि सोमोन्दोखौ महर-दिन्थिनानै आरो खाजाखौ बान्था हिसाबै बाहायाले सावस्रिगोनांसिन जानाय हुदाखौ नों थुलुंगा-होनोबो हायो। With the help of your family and a doctor, your child can begin the trip back to eating healthy again. नोंनि नखर आरो दाक्टार सासेनि हेफाजाबजों नोंनि खुदियाया आरोबाव सावस्रिगोनां जानायाव फिनै दावबायनायखौ जागायनो हायो। Choosing whether to breastfeed or formula feed your baby is one of the first decisions expectant parents will make. आबु-दौनोना एबा लाव-लाव-खाजा जाहोनो बेखौ सायखनानै बिमा-बिफाफोरा मिजिंथिग्रा नोंनि खुदियाया गिबि गरन्थ खालामगोन। Although there's no right or wrong choice, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) joins other organizations such as the American Medical Association (AMA), the American Dietetic Association (ADA), and the World Health Organization (WHO) in recommending breastfeeding as the best for babies. जेबो गेबें आरो गोरोन्थि सायखनाय गैयाब्लाबो पेदियेट्रिक्सनि आमेरिकायारि फसंथान (ए.ए.पि.)आ आबु-दौनाया खुदियानि थाखाय साबसिन गनायथिनायाव आमेरिकायारि मेदिकेल गौथुम (ए.एम.ए.), आमेरिकायारि दायेतेतिक गौथुम (ए.दि.ए.) आरो मुलुग सावस्रि आफाद (डब्लिउ.एइस.अ.) गुबुन गौथुमफोरजों लोगो-जायो। Specifically, the AAP says babies should be breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months and that breastfeeding should continue until 12 months (and beyond) if both the mother and baby are willing. फारागगोनाङै ए.ए.पि.आ बुङो खुदियाफोरा गिबि 6 दाननि थाखाय आबुङै आबु-दौजानांगौ आरो बिमा आरो गथ’ सानैबो गोसोगोनांब्ला बै आबु-दौनाया 12 दानसिम (आरो बांसिन) सोलिबाय-थानांगौ। But breastfeeding (or nursing) may not be possible or preferable for all women. नाथाय आबु-दौनाया (एबा जोथोन) हागौ गासैबो आयजोनि थाखाय जाथावना एबा फसायथावना जायाबो जानो। The decision to breastfeed or formula feed your baby should be based on your comfort level with breastfeeding as well as your lifestyle. आबु-दौनाय एबा लाव-लाव-खाजा जाहोनायनि थिरांथाया नोंनि आबु-दौनायजों लोगोसेनो नोंनि जिउखुं-राहा आराम बिबांनि सायाव बिथा-खालामजानांगौ। Breast milk is the ideal form of nutrition for newborns, but for mothers who are unable to breastfeed or who decide not to, infant formula is a good alternative. आबु गायखेरा उजि-गोदानफोरनि थाखाय पुष्टिनि नेरसोन महर नाथाय बिमाफोरनि थाखाय जायफोरा आबु-दौनु हाथावै एबा खालामनो थि खालामा गथ’गोरलै लाव-लाव-खाजाया मोनसे मोजां सोलायसोल’। If you feed your baby with a commercially prepared formula, be assured that your baby's nutritional needs will be met. फालांगियारियै थियारि-खालामनाय लाव-लाव-खाजाखौ नों नोंनि गथ’खौ जाहोयोब्ला रोखा जा दि नोंनि गथ’नि पुष्टियारि गोनांथिखौ सुफुंगोन। And you'll still bond with your baby just fine. आरो नों दासिमबो नोंनि गथ’जों सोमोन्दो थागोन मोजांल’। After all, whether with breast milk or formula, feeding is an important time of connection between mother and baby. थारैनो-बुंनोब्ला आबु गायखेर एबा लाव-लाव-जाग्रा जाहोनाया बिमा आरो गथ’ मोनसे फोनांजाबनायनि गोनांथार सम The decision to breastfeed or formula feed your baby is a very personal one. आबु-दौनाय एबा लाव-लाव-जाहोनायनि थिरांथाया नोंनि गथ’आ जोबोर गावारि। But here are some points you may want to consider as you decide which is best for you and your new addition. नों थि-खालामनायनि बादियै नोंनि थाखाय बबे-मोनसेया साबसिन आरो नोंनि दाजाबदेरनायनि थाखाय नाथाय माखासे जाहोनफोर दङ नों सानना-नायनो लुबैनो हागौ। Nursing can be a wonderful experience for both mother and baby. बिमा आरो गथ’ सानैनिबो थाखाय जोथोन-लानाया मोनसे सोमोनांथाव मोनरोंगौथि जानो हायो। It provides ideal nourishment and a special bonding experience that many nursing mothers cherish. बेयो नेरसोनथियारि जोथोन-लानाय आरो जरखा सोमोन्दो मोनरोंगौथि जगायो जायखौ गोबां जोथोन-लानाय बिमाया जोथोन-लायो। Other factors help to protect a breastfed baby from infection by contributing to the infant's immune system by increasing the barriers to infection and decreasing the growth of organisms like bacteria and viruses. गुबुन जाहोथायफोरा आबु-दौजानाय गथ’ सासेखौ गथ’नि होबथानाय बिखान्थियाव बिहोमाजों सनदोरनायाव हेंथाफोरखौ बांहोनानै आरो बेक्टेरिया आरो भाइरासफोरबादि देहायारि-जिबफोर बारायनायखौ खमायनानै सनदेरनायनिफ्राय रैखा-खालामनो हेफाजाब-होयो। Breast milk also naturally contains all the vitamins and minerals that a newborn requires. आबु गायखेराबो मिथिंगायारियै गासैबो भिटामिफोर आरो खनिजफोरखौ लाफायो जायफोरा उजि-गोदाननो गोनांथि-जायो। The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates formula companies to ensure that they provide all the known necessary nutrients in their formulas. खाजा आरो मुलै सामलायथाया (एफ.दि.ए.) लाव-लाव-खाजा कम्पानिफोरखौ सामलायो रोखा-खालामनो दि बिसोर बिसोरनि पुष्टियारिफोराव गासैबो मिथिजानाय पुष्टफोरखौ जगायो। Because some of breast milk's more complex substances are too difficult to manufacture and some have not yet been identified. मानोना माखासे आबुनि गायखेरनि बांसिन गोब्राब मुवाफोरा दिहुननो जोबोर गोब्राब आरो माखासे दासिमबो सिनायजाबोवाखै। Breast milk doesn't cost a cent and because of the immunities and antibodies passed onto them through their mothers' breast milk, breastfed infants are sick less often than infants who receive formula. आबु गायखेरा जौसे खरस जाया आरो मानोना होबथाग्रा आरो एन्टिबदिफोर बिसोरनि बिमानि आबु गायखेरनि गेजेरजों बिसोरनाव बारलांनायनि थाखाय, आबु-दौजानाय गथ’फोरा लाव-लाव-खाजा मोननाय गथ’फोरनिखुरै प्राय बेराम खम। For example, researchers have determined that infants who are exclusively breastfed for 4 or more months have 40% fewer episodes of ear infections. बिदिन्थि हिसाबै संजिरग्राफोरा थि-खालामबाय दि गथ’-गोरलैफोरा जायफोरा 4 एबा बांसिन दानफोरनि थाखाय आबुङैनो आबु-दौजादों खोमा सनदेरनायफोरनि 40% खमसिन खोन्दोफोर दङ। That means they make fewer trips to the doctor's office, which equates to fewer co-pays and less money doled out for prescriptions and over-the-counter medications. बेनि ओंथिया बिसोर दाक्टारनि मावख’आव मोननैसोल’ दावबायनाय खालामो जाय गनायथिजानायनि थाखाय आरो होबथाग्रा मुलैफोरनि सायाव मोननैसोल’ लोगो-बानसनाय आरो खम रां होनायखौ फरमायो। Likewise, women who breastfeed are less likely to have to take time off from work to care for their sick babies. बेबादियैनो आयजोफोरा जायफोरा आबु-दौवो बिसोरनि जब्रा गथफोरखौ जोथोन-लानो बिसोर खामानिनिफ्राय थाबथानाय सम लानो खम जाथावना। In a cost study published in the April 1999 issue of the journal Pediatrics, researchers determined that infants who were never breastfed would incur additional medical costs of $331 to $475 per year. पेदियेट्रिकस लायसिनि एप्रिल 1999 बिसानाव मोनसे खरस फरायसंनायाव फोसावजादोंमोन, संजिरग्राफोरा थि-खालामदोंमोन दि गथ-गोरलैफोरा जायफोरा माब्लाबाबो आबु दौजायाखैमोन बिसोर बोसोरफ्रोमबो $331निफ्राय $475निसिमनि उफेरा मेदिकेल खरस बानसनांगोन। A nursing mother will need 500 extra calories per day to produce breast milk, which means that she should eat a wide variety of well-balanced foods. सासे जोथोन-लाग्रा बिमाया आबु गायखेर दिहुननो 500 उफेरा केलरि गोनांथि-जागोन जायनि ओंथिया जादों बियो मोजां समानथिगोनां गोबां रोखोमनि खाजाफोर जानांगौ। This introduces breastfed babies to different tastes through their mothers' breast milk, which has different flavors depending on what their mothers have eaten. गुबुन-गुबुन सवादफोराव बेयो आबु-दौजानाय गथ’फोरखौ बिसोरनि बिमानि गायखेरनि गेजेरजों जागायो, बिसोरनि बिमाया जा जाबोदों बेनि-सायाव बिथा-खालामनानै जायहा गुबुन-गुबुन थावनायफोर दङ। With no bottles to mix and sterilize and no last-minute runs to the store for more formula, breast milk is always fresh and available. गलाय-मोनदेर-खालामनो आरो जिउसागैयै-खालामनो बथल गैयाजासे आरो बांसिन लाव-लाव-खाजानि थाखाय जमायनायाव जोबथा-मिनिट सालायै आबु गायखेरा अरायबो थाजिम आरो मोनथावना। And because breast milk is always the right temperature, there's no need to warm up bottles in the middle of the night. आरो मानोना आबु गायखेरा अरायबो थि बिदुंनि, हर गेजेराव बथलखौ फुदुंनायनि गोनांथि गैया। It's also easy for breastfeeding mothers to be active - and go out and about - with their babies and know that they'll have food available for whenever their little one is hungry. आबु-दैनाय बिमाफोरा मावथि जानो थाखायबो गोरलै आरो बिसोरनि गथ’फोरजों बायजोआव थांनाय आरो बागै आरो मिथियोदि जेब्लानो बिसोरनि उन्दै सासेया उखैगोन बिसोर मोनथावना खाजाखौ जागोन। Recent studies indicate that breastfeeding might help prevent childhood and adult obesity. दाबावैसोनि फरायसंनाया इसारा-होयो दि आबु-दौनाया खुदिया-सम आरो बैसोगोरानि बांद्राय-मोदोमखौ होबथानो हेफाजाब-होनो हागौ। According to the National Women's Health Information Center (part of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services), babies who are breastfed tend to gain less unnecessary weight, which may help them be less overweight later. हादोरारि आयजोनि सावस्रि खौरां मिरुनि बादिब्ला (यु.एस. सावस्रि बिफान आरो सुबुं मावमिननि बाहागो) आबु-दौजायो गथ’फोरा गोनांथिगैयै खम लिरथाय जानो नागिरो जाय बिसोरखौ उनाव बांद्राय-मोदोम खमायनो हेफाजाब-खालामनो हागौ। Recent studies suggest that children who were exclusively breastfed for 6 months have IQs 5 to 10 points higher than children who were formula fed. Many nursing mothers really enjoy the experience of bonding so closely with their babies. दाबावैसोनि फरायसंनाया सुबुरुन-होयो दि खुदियाफोरा जायफोरा 6 दाननि थाखाय आबुङैनो आबु-दौजादोंमोन लाव-लाव-खाजा दौजानाय गथ’फोरनिखुरै 5निफ्राय 10दशमिकसिम बांसिन आइ.क्यु दङ। गोबां जोथोन-लानाय बिमाफोरा बिसोरनि गथ’फोरजों जोबोर खाथिसिनै सोमोन्दोखौ थारैनो रंजायो। And the skin-to-skin contact can enhance the emotional connection between mother and infant. आरो बिगुरजों बिगुर सोमोन्दोआ बिमा आरो गथ’- गोरलैनि गेजेराव आबेगारि फोनांजाबनायखौ बांहोनो हागौ। The ability to nourish a baby totally can also help a new mother feel confident in her ability to care for her baby. गथ’ सासेखौ जोथोन-लानायनि हारोंथिया आबुङैनो सासे बिमाखौ बिनि गथ’नि थाखाय जोथोन लानायनि बिनि हाररोंथियाव हेफाजाब-होनोबो हागौ। Breastfeeding also burns calories and helps shrink the uterus, so nursing moms may be able to return to their pre-pregnancy shape and weight quicker. आबु-दौनाया केलरिफोरखौबो खामहोयो आरो एउतेरासखौ थनथ्रनो हेफाजाब-खालामो, बेनिखायनो जोथोन-लानाय बिमाफोरा बिसोरनि गोरबो-थानाय सिगांनि महर आरो लिरथायखौ थाबैनो लाबोफिननो हाथावना जानो हागौ। In addition, studies show that breastfeeding helps lower the risk of premenopausal breast cancer and also may help decrease the risk of uterine and ovarian cancer. दाजाबदेरनायाव फरायसंनाया दिन्थियो दि आबु-दैनाया मासिक-बन्द-जानाय सिगां आबु केनसारनि खैफोदखौ खम-खालामनो हेफाजाब-खालामो आरो इउतेराइन आरो अउभेरियान केनसारनि खैफोदखौ खमायनो हेफाजाब खालामनोबो हागौ। Although it is the best nutritional source for babies, breastfeeding does come with some concerns that many new mothers share. गथ’फोरनि थाखाय साबसिन पुष्टियारि फुंखाब्लाबो आबु-दैनाया माखासे सोमोन्दोआव फैयो जायखौ गोबां गोदान बिमाया मोनो। Whereas it's easy from the get-go for some, it can be challenging. जेराव बेयो माखासेनि थाखाय मोननाय-थांनायनिफ्राय गोरलै, बेयै जुजिनायारि जानो हागौ। Sometimes, both mother and baby need plenty of patience and persistence to get used to the routine of breastfeeding. माब्लाबा आबु-दौनायनि फारिलायाव सर’ जानो बिमा आरो गथ’ सानैबोनोबो थोजासे सहायनाय आरो नाजाथाबनायनि गोनांथि जायो। But all the effort is often worth it in the long run - for both the mother and her baby. नाथाय गासैबो नाजानाया प्राय गोलाव सलिनायाव बिमा आरो बिनि गथ’ सानैनिबो थाखाय बेसेनगोनां। Most parents wouldn't dream of giving their kids a toasty cup of coffee, but they may routinely serve soft drinks containing caffeine. गोबां बिमा-बिफाया बिसोरनि खुदियाफोरखौ कापसे हांनाय कफि होनायखौ सिमां-नुनाय नङा नाथाय बिसोर फारिलायै काफिन थाफानाय गुरै लोंनायफोरखौ मावमिननो हागौ। Although it's likely that your child will ingest caffeine at some time, it's a good idea to keep caffeine consumption to a minimum, especially in younger children. माब्लाबा नोंनि खुदियाया काफिन नेमारिया-जागोन बेयो जाथावनाब्लाबो खमसिनाव काफिनखौ जानाय मोनसे मोजां सोलो जरखायै उन्दै खुदियाफोरा। Although the United States hasn't yet developed guidelines for caffeine intake and kids, Canadian guidelines recommend that preschool children get no more than 45 milligrams of caffeine a day. जथाय हादरा काफिन जानाय आरो खुदियाफोर दिन्थिफारिफोरखौ जौगाहोवाखैब्लाबो कानाडायारि दिन्थिफारिफोरा गनायथियो दि फरायसालिसिगां खुदियाफोरा सानफायाव 45 मिलिग्रामनिखुरै बांसिन मोना। That's equivalent to the average amount of caffeine found in a 12-ounce (355-milliliter) can of soda or four 1. 12-आउन (355-मिलिमिटार) सदानि थेमा एबा मोनब्रै 1आव मोननाय काफिननि गड़ बिबांजों बैयो समान। A stimulant that affects children and adults similarly, caffeine is a drug that's naturally produced in the leaves and seeds of many plants. मोनसे दुंखां-होग्रा जाय खुदियाफोरखौ आरो रोखोमसेयैनो बैसोगोराफोरखौ खहा-खालामो, काफिना मोनसे मुलै जायखौ मिथिंगायिरै गोबां लायफांनि बिलायफोर आरो बेगरफोराव दिहुनो। Caffeine is also made artificially and added to certain foods. काफिनाबो बानायनायारियै बानायजायो आरो थि खाजाफोराव दाजाबजायो। Caffeine is defined as a drug because it stimulates the central nervous system. काफिना मोनसे मुलि हिसाबै फोरमायजायो मानोना बेयो मिरुवारि स्नायु बिखान्थिखौ दुंखांहोयो। But how could any one type of food cause such a big problem? नाथाय माबोरै सासेया खाजानि जाहोनखौ बेबादि मोनसे गेदेर जेंना होनना टाइप-खालामनो हायो। Of course, not exercising and eating larger portions of any foods than we need take the lion's share of blame for the obesity epidemic. थारैनो ब्याम-खालामै आरो आरो जोंनो नांगौनिखुरै जायखिजाया खाजानि बांसिन बाहागो जानाया बांद्राय-मोदोम महामारिनि थाखाय दाय-फोनांनायनि गेदेर बाहागोखौ ला। But the so-called "bad" carbs - sugar and refined foods - tend to be significant contributors to excess calories. नाथाय बुंजानाय “गाज्रि” काब चिनि आरो सोदांनाय खाजाफोरा बांद्राय केलरिफोराव गनायनोगोनां बिहोमागिरि जानो नागिरो। People tend to eat more of these refined foods than needed. सुबुङा बेफोर सोदांनाय खाजाफोरखौ गोनांथिनिखुरै बांसिन जानो नागिरो। And, often, foods like colas and candy provide no required nutrients, so we really don't need to eat them at all. आरो प्राय कलास आरो केन्दिबादि खाजाफोरा गोनां-जानाय जेबो पुष्टि जगाया बेनिखायो बैफोरखौ जों जाथारनाङा। But just because refined carbohydrates have received a lot of flak in recent years doesn't mean that all simple sugars are bad. नाथाय सोदांनाय कार्बहाइद्रेतनिल’ थाखाय दाबावैसोनि बोसोरफोराव गोबां सावरायनाय मोनबोनाया बुजायादि गासैबो सरासनस्रा चिनिया गाज्रि। Simple carbohydrates found in a lot of very nutritious foods - like fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, which provide a range of essential nutrients that support growth and overall health. सरासनस्रा कार्बहाइद्रेतफोरखौ फिथायफोर, मैगंफोर आरो गायखेरारि दिहुनथायफोरबादि गोबां पुष्टियारि खाजाफोराव मोनो जाय पुष्टिनि मोनसे फारिखौ जगायो जाय बारायनाय आरो गासै सावस्रिखौ हेफाजाब-खालामो। For example, fresh fruits contain simple carbs, but they have vitamins and fiber, too. बिदिन्थि हिसाबै थाजिम फिथायफोरा सरासनस्रा काबफोरखौ लाफायो नाथाय बैफोरनाव भिटामिन आरो बेजेबो दङ। The 2005 dietary guidelines recommend that Americans eat more unrefined (often called "good") carbohydrates by saying that everyone - including kids and teens - should increase whole-grain consumption and limit their intake of added sugar. 2005 खाजायारि दिन्थिफारिया गनायथियो दि आमेरिकायारिफोरा लाफानानै बै साफ्रोमखौबो बुंनानै बांसिन (प्राय मोजां बुंजानाय) सोदाङै कार्बहाइद्रेत जायो खुदियाफोर आरो सेंग्रा-जालियाफोरखौ लाफानानै गासै मायहारि जानायखौ बारायनांगौ आरो बिसोरनि चिनि दाजाबदेरनायखौ सिमागोनां-खालामनांगौ। For children, at least half of their grain intake should come from whole grains. खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय बिसोरनि मायहारिनि जानाया खमब्लाबो खावसेया गासै मायहारिनिफ्राय फैनांगौ। Unrefined carbohydrates found in whole grains are ideal, refined grain products may be fortified with folic acid (also called folate), iron, and other nutrients, and as a result may contain more of these nutrients when compared with whole-grain foods that have not been fortified. गासैबो मायहारियाव मोननाय सोदाङै कार्बहाइद्रेतफोरा नेरसोनारि, सोदांनाय मायहारि दिहुनथायफोरा फलिक एसिद(फलेतबो बुङो), आइरन आरो गुबुन पुष्टफोरजों थिनाय जानो हागौ आरो फिथाय हिसाबै जेब्ला गासै मायहारि खाजाफोरजों रुजुजायो जाय थिजाबोआखै बेफोर पुष्टिनि बांसिनखौ लाफानो हागौ। The actual amount of grains will vary depending on your child's age, gender, and level of physical activity. मायहारिनि गुबै बिबाङा नोंनि खुदियानि बैसो, आथोन आरो देहायारि मावथायनि सायाव जोबोर सोनारनायारि जागोन। On average, school-age children should eat about 4- to 6-ounce equivalents from the grain group each day and at least half of these servings should come from whole grains. गड़आव फरायसालि-बैसो खुदियाफोरा सानफ्रोमबो मायहारि हानजानिफ्राय प्राय 4-6 अउनस समानफ्राम जानांगौ आरो बेफोर खाजाबिबांफोरनि खमब्लाबो खावसेया गासै मायहारिनिफ्राय फैनांगौ। All ounce equivalent is like a serving. गासैबो अउनस समाना खाजाबिबांबादि। So one slice of bread, 1 cup of ready-to-eat cereal, or a half cup of cooked rice, cooked pasta, or hot cereal can be considered a 1-ounce equivalent. बेबादिनो ब्रेदनि सैसे, जानो थियारि सबायारिनि कापसे एबा संनाय ओंखामनि कापसे खावसे, संनाय पासता एबा गुदुं सबायारि 1 अउनस समानफ्रामखौ साननो हायो। Foods that are high in added sugar (soda, cookies, cake, candy, frozen desserts, and some fruit drinks) tend to also be high in calories and low in other valuable nutrients. चिनि (सदा, कुकिस, केक, केन्दि, गथा-खानाय देजार्ट आरो माखासे फिथाय लोंग्राफोर) दाजाबदेरनायाव जायफोर खाजाफोरा बांद्राय केलरियावबो बांसिन आरो गुबुन बेसेनगोनां पुष्टिफोराव खम जानो नागिरो। As a result, a high-sugar diet is often linked with obesity. फिथाय हिसाबै चिनि बांसिन खाजा मोनसेया प्राय बांद्राय-मोदोमजों फोनांजाबो। Eating too many sugary foods can also lead to tooth decay. जोबोर बांसिन चिनियारि खाजाफोरखौ जानाया हथाय जामलांनाय जाहोनो हायो। The key to keeping sugar consumption in check is moderation. चिनि जानायखौ आनजाद नायबाय-थानायाव लाखिनो हागाय-राहाया जादों नेमनि-खालामनाय। Added sugar can enhance the taste of some foods, and a little sugar, particularly if it's in a food that provides other important nutrients, such as cereal or yogurt, isn't going to tip the scale or send your child to the dentist. दाजाबदेरनाय चिनिया माखासे खाजानि थावनायखौ बारायनो हायो आरो इसेल चिनिया जरखायै बेयो मोनसे खाजायावब्ला जाय सबायारि एबा यगुर्टबादि गुबुन गोनांथार पुष्टिफोरखौबो जगायो बिबांखौ बांसिन-जाहोनो एबा नोंनि खुदियाखौ हाथाय-दाक्टारनाव थांहोवा। Instead of giving your child foods that are low in nutrients and high in added sugar, offer healthier choices, such as fruit - a naturally sweet carbohydrate-containing snack that also contains fiber and vitamins that kids need. पुष्टियाव खम आरो दाजाबदेरनाय चिनियाव बांसिन खाजाखौ नोंनि खुदियानो होनायनि सोलाय फिथायबादि सावस्रिगोनांसिन सायखनायफोरखौ हो- मिथिंगायारियै गोदै कार्बहाइद्रेत थाफानाय जामु जाय भिटामिन आरो बेजेखौबो लाफायो जायखौ खुदियाफोरनो गोनांथि-जायो। One way to cut down on added sugar is to eliminate soda and other sugar-sweetened beverages. दाजाबदेरनाय चिनियाव खमायनायनि मोनसे राहाया जादों सदाखौ आरो गुबुन गोदै-दाजाबनाय लोंग्राफोरखौ बोखारनाय एंगारनाय। Each 12-ounce (355-milliliter) serving of a carbonated, sweetened soft drink contains the equivalent of 10 teaspoons (49 milliliters) of sugar and 150 calories. कार्बनेत-खालामजानाय मोनसेनि मोनफ्रोम 12 अउनस (355 मिलिलिटार) बाहायबिबां, गोदै-लगायनाय गोरलै लोंग्राया चिनि आरो केलरिनि 10 चिनि-सामुसनि समान (49 मिलिलिटार) लाफायो। Sweetened drinks are the largest source of added sugar in the daily diets of U. S. children. गोदैलगायनाय लोंग्राफोरा यु.एस. खुदियानि सानफ्रोमबोनि खाजायाव दाजाबदेरनाय चिनिनि गेदेरसिन फुंखा। Consuming one 12-ounce (355-milliliter) sweetened soft drink per day increases a child's risk of obesity. सानफ्रोमबो गोदै-लगायनाय गोरलै लोंग्राखौ मोनसे 12 अउनस लोंनाया खुदियानि बांद्राय-मोदोमनि खैफोदखौ बारायो। Instead of soda or juice drinks (which often contain as much added sugar as soft drinks), offer kids low-fat milk, water, or 100% fruit juice. सदा आरो बिदै लोंग्राफोरनि (जाय प्राय गोरलै लोंग्राफोरबादि दाजाबदेरनाय चिनिनि समान लाफायो) सोलाय खम मेजेम गायखेर, दै एबा 100% फिथाय बिदैखौ हो। Although there's no added sugar in 100% fruit juice, the calories from the natural sugars found in fruit juice can add up. 100% फिथाय बिदैयाव दाजाबदेरनाय चिनि गैयाब्लाबो फिथाय बिदैयाव मोननाय मिथिंगायारि चिनिनिफ्राय केलरिफोरखौ जौगाहोनो हायो। The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends limiting juice intake to 4-6 ounces (118-177 milliliters) for children under 7 years old, and no more than 8-12 ounces (237-355 milliliters) of juice for older kids and teens. आमेरिकायारि पेदियेट्रिक्स फसंथाना (ए.ए.प.) 7 बोसोर बैसोनि सिंनि खुदियाफोरनि थाखाय बिदै लोंनायखौ 4-6 अउनसआव (118-177 मिलिलिटार) सिमागोनां-खालामनायखौ आरो गेदेरसिन खुदियाफोर आरो सेंग्रा-जालियाफोरनि थाखाय बिदैनि 8-12निखुरै बांसिन जानाङा होनना गनायथियो। Ensuring that kids get a balanced, nutritious diet isn't as hard as it may seem. खुदियाफोरा समानथायगोनां, पुष्टियारि खाजा मोननाया साननायबादि गोब्राब नङा बेखौ रोखा-खालामनाय। Simply make good carbohydrate choices (whole grains, fruits, veggies, and low-fat milk and dairy products), stock your home with healthy choices, limit foods containing added sugar (especially those with little or no nutritional value), and encourage kids to be active every day. गोरलैयै मोजां कार्बहाइद्रेत सायखनायफोरखौ (गासै मायहारि, फिथाय, मैगं आरो खम मेजेम गायखेर आरो गायखेरारि दिहुनथायफोर) बानायो, सावस्रिगोनां सायखनायफोरजों नोंनि नआव जमाय, दाजाबदेरनाय चिनि (जरखायै खम एबा पुष्टियारि बेसेनगैयै बैफोरखौ) थाफानाय खाजाफोरखौ सिमागोनां-खालाम आरो सानफ्रोमबो मावथि जानो थाखाय खुदियाखौ थुलुंगा-हो। When it comes to their kids, many parents don't even think about cholesterol. जेब्ला बेयो बिसोरनि खुदियाफोरनाव फैयो गोबां बिमा-बिफाफोरा अदेबानि कलेष्ट्रलनि बागै साना। But high levels of cholesterol are known to be a major factor contributing to heart disease and strokes, and the latest medical research shows coronary artery disease has its roots in childhood. नाथाय कलेष्ट्रलनि जौगा थाखोफोरा मैखुन बेराम आरो ष्ट्रकआव बिहोमा-होनाय मोनसे गाहाय जाहोथाय होनना मिथिजायो आरो गोदानसिन मेदिकेल संजिरनाया दिन्थियो करनेरि आरतेरि बेरामा खुदिया-समाव बेनि रोदाफोरा दङ। Childhood cholesterol levels weren't tracked until recently, but some experts think that high cholesterol in kids is a major underreported public health problem. खुदिया-सम कलेष्ट्रल थाखोफोरा दाबावैसिम दिहुनसंजायाखैमोन नाथाय माखासे रोंगौसाफोरा सानो दि खुदियानाव जौगा कलेष्ट्रला मोनसे गाहाय मिथिजाहोनाय रायजोआरि सावस्रि जेंना। In the past few years, studies have shown a dramatic increase in obesity in children and the problems that result from being overweight. थांनाय बोसोरनैसोआव फरायसंनाया खुदियानाव बांद्राय-मोदोमाव मोनसे फावथायारि बांनाय दिन्थिबाय आरो जेंनाफोरा जाय बांद्राय-लिरथाय जानायनिफ्राय जाहोयो। And some pediatricians report seeing a significant increase in the number of children with elevated cholesterol levels than they did years ago. आरो माखासे पेदियेट्रिसेनफोरा गोबां खुदियाफोरनाव बोसोरफोरनि सिगां बिसोर खालामनायनिखुरै बांहोनाय कलेष्ट्रल थाखोजों मोनसे गनायनोगोनां बांनाय नुनायखौ दिन्थियो। Because the problems associated with high cholesterol generally don't show up for years, making the connection between kids' health and cholesterol is difficult for many people. मानोना जौगा कलेष्ट्रलजों लोब्बागोनां जेंनाफोरा सरासनस्रायै बोसोरफोर फारियै नुजाया, खुदियानि सावस्रि आरो कलेष्ट्रलनि गेजेराव फोनांजाबहोनाया गोबां सुबुंनि थाखाय गोब्राब। So it's important to be aware of your child's cholesterol levels, especially if either parent has high cholesterol. बेनिखायनो नोंनि खुदियानि कलेष्ट्रल थाखोखौ सांग्रां जानाया गोनांथार जरखायै बिमा-बिफा सानैनाबो कलेष्ट्रला जौगाब्ला। Cholesterol is a waxy substance produced by the liver. कलेष्ट्रला बिखाजों दिहुनजानाय मोनसे स्लिम-स्लिम मुवा। It's one of the lipids, or fats, your body makes and is used to build cell walls and form some hormones and tissues. बेयो लिपिद एबा मेजेमनि मोनसे, नोंनि मोदोमा बानायो आरो जिबख्रि इनजुरफोर दानो बाहायजायो आरो माखासे हरमन आरो मोदोम-रोदाबेजेफोरखौ महर-होयो। It's recommended that cholesterol intake be less than 300 milligrams a day. बेयो गनायथिजानाय दि सानफायाव कलेष्ट्रल जानाया 300 मिलिग्रामनिखुरै खम जानांगौ। To determine how much cholesterol is in the foods your family eats, read nutrition labels. नोंनि नखराव खाजायाव बेसेबां कलेष्ट्रल जायो बेखौ थि-खालामनो पुष्टि मार्काखौ फराय। Also, the American Heart Association recommends that total fat intake should be 30% or less of your total calories and that saturated fat should be 10% or less. आमेरिकायारि मैखुन गौथुमा बेखौबो गनायथियो दि गासै मेजेम जानाया 30% जानांगौ एबा नोंनि केलरिनि खम जानांगौ आरो बै सिजोबनाय मेजेमा 10% खम जानांगौ। If you never ate another bowl of ice cream or another cheeseburger, your body would have enough cholesterol to run smoothly. नों माब्लाबाबो आइस क्रिमनि गुबुन मोनसे खुरै एबा सिजबारगार जायाखैमोनब्ला नोंनि मोदोमा मोजाङै सालायनो थोजासे कलेष्ट्रल जागौमोन। That's because your liver makes enough for healthy body function. बैयो नोंनि बिखाया सावस्रिगोनां मोदोम मावथाय थोजासे बानायनायनि थाखाय। In fact, the liver produces about 1,000 milligrams of cholesterol a day and the rest comes from the foods you eat. गुबैयाव, बिखाया सानफायाव कलेष्ट्रलनि 1,000 मिलिग्रामफ्राम दिहुनो आरो आद्राया नों जानाय खाजानिफ्राय फैयो। Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that affects the respiratory and digestive systems. चाइतिक फिब्रसिसा (चि.एफ.) मोनसे आरजिनाय बेराम जाय हांलाना-हगारनाय आरो दोगोनारि बिखान्थिखौ खहा-खालामो। CF makes children sick by disrupting the normal function of epithelial cells - cells that make up the sweat glands in the skin and that also line passageways inside the lungs, liver, pancreas, and digestive and reproductive systems. चि.एफ.आ इपिथेलियाल जिबख्रिफोरनि सरासनस्रा मावथायखौ बायफ्लेहोनानै खुदियाखौ बेरामि खालामो- जिबख्रिफोर जायफोरा बिगुराव गोलोमदै ग्रन्थिफोरखौ महर-होयो आरो संफ्ल, बिखा, पेनक्रिज आरो दोगोनारि आरो दिहुनफिननायारि बिखान्थिफोरनि सिङाव जाय लामाफोरखौ फारि-खालामोबो। A defect in these cells causes problems with the balance of salt and water in the body, leading it to produce thick mucus, which clogs the lungs, setting the stage for infections and other breathing problems. रोजा गुंग्राय दिहुननो जाहोनानै जाय संफ्लखौ होबथायो, सनदेरनाय आरो गुबुन हां-लानायारि जेंनाफोरनि थाखाय फजनानै मोदोमाव संख्रै आरो दैनि समानथायजों बेफोर जिबख्रिफोराव बेले-बेजे मोनसेया जेंनाफोरनि जाहोन-जायो। In kids with CF, this mucus can also prevent the normal absorption of key nutrients and fat in the intestines, leading to poor digestion, slow growth, difficulty gaining weight, greasy bowel movements, and a decreased ability to fight infection. खम दोगोन-जानाय, लासै बारायनाय, लिरथाय बायनायनि गोब्राबथि, थावारि बावेल लोरसोर आरो सनदेरनायजों जुजिनो खमायनाय हारोंथि जाहोनानै चि.एफ.जों खुदियाफोरनाव बे गुंग्राया बिबुफोराव गाहाय पुष्टि आरो मेजेमनि सरासनस्रा सोबखांनायखौ होबथानोबो हायो। At the time of diagnosis, the majority of patients have a condition called pancreatic insufficiency, which means that the enzymes created in the pancreas that digest fat, starch, and protein aren't properly passed into the intestines. लैखोन-सिनायनायनि समाव जब्राफोरनि बांसिनानो आमायथुवारि थोजासेनङै मुंनि मोनसे थासारि दङ जायनि ओंथिया जादों आमायथुवाव सोमजिहोनाय होबथानाय जाय मेजेम दोगोन-खालामो, फोलावो आरो प्रटिनफोरा बिबुफोराव थियै दैथायजाया। This causes problems in absorbing the necessary amounts of several important nutrients. बेयो गोबां गोनांथार पुष्टिफोरनि गोनां-जानाय बिबांखौ सोबखनायाव जेंनाफोरनि जाहोन-जायो। By providing good overall nutrition along with extra fat and calories and prescribed enzymes, you can help your child with CF grow healthy and strong. उफेरा मेजेम आरो केलरि आरो गनायथिनाय होबथानायजों मोजां गासै पुष्टि जगायनानै नों नोंनि खुदियाखौ सावस्रिगोनां देरनाय आरो गोहोगोरा जानायाव चि.एफों हेफाजाब-खालामनो हायो। Research has shown that eating a well-balanced, nutritious diet reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, strokes, some cancers, and osteoporosis. संजिरनाया दिन्थिबाय दि मोनसे मोजां समानथायगोनां पुष्टियारि खाजाया करनेरि मैखुन बेराम, स्ट्रक, माखासे केनसारफोर आरो अस्तेअपरसिसनि खैफोदखौ खमायो। And the grocery store shelves are full of foods with packaging promising to help do that. गेला-माल गला बैसांफोरा पेकेत-खालामनाय मिजिंगोनांजों बैखौ हेफाजाब-खालामनो खाजाफोरजों आबुं। But it's important to take a close look - beyond the promises - at the nutritional values, ingredients, and calorie counts in the food you're buying, and to understand how they factor into your family's healthy eating. नाथाय खनसे खाथिसिन नायनाय लानाया गोनांथार- बाथ्रा-होनायनि बायजोआव- पुष्टियारि बेसेनाव, थाफादेरनायफोराव आरो नों बायनाय खाजाफोराव केलरिखौ सान, आरो नोंनि नखरनि सावस्रिगोनां जानायाव बैफोरो माबोरै जाहोथाय-जायो बेखौ बुजिनो। Food labels provide this information and allow you to make informed healthy food choices to help meet your family's nutritional needs. खाजा मार्काफोरा बे खौरांखौ जगायो आरो नोंनि नखरनि पुष्टियारि गोनांथिफोरखौ मोननो हेफाजाब-खालामनो सावस्रिगोनां सायखनायखौ मिथिहोनाय खालामनो नोंखौ गनायो। The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) require labels on almost all packaged foods that include nutrition information in readable type. खाजा आरो मुलै सामलायथाय (एफ.दि.ए.) आरो यु.एस. आबाद (यु.एस.दि.ए.) बिफाना प्राय गासैबो पेकेत-खालामनाय खाजाफोराव मार्काफोरनि गोनांथि-जायो जेराव फरायहाथाव रोखोमाव पुष्टि खौराङा थायो। The information usually appears on the back or side of packaging under the title "Nutrition Facts" . It's also displayed in grocery stores near fresh foods, like fruits, vegetables, and fish. खौराङा सरासनस्रायै उनथिंजाय एबा “पुष्टि नंगुबै-खौरां” खरसा-मुंनि गाहायाव पेकेटाव नुजायो। बेबो गेला-मालनि गलाफोराव फिथायफोर, मैगंफोर आरो नाबादि थाजिम खाजाफोरनि खाथियाव दिन्थिफुंजायो। Manufacturers often make claims about the healthfulness of a food on the front of a package - like "fat free" or "no cholesterol" . Many people wonder if they can trust these claims to be true. दिहुनग्राफोरा प्राय खाजा मोनसेनि पेकेतनि सिगां-थिङाव सावस्रिगोनांथिखौ दाबियो- जेरै “मेजेम उदां” एबा “कलेष्ट्र गैया”। गोबां सुबुङा गोमोयो बिसोर बेफोर दाबिनायफोरखौ फोथायनो हानायमोनब्ला। The fact is, the FDA does require food makers to provide scientific evidence in order to make those claims. नंगुबैया जादों एफ.दि.ए.आ बैफोर दाबिखौ खालामनो गोनोखोआरि फोरमान जगायनो खाजा बानायग्रानि गोनांथि-जायो। Even so, it's a good idea to carefully read the claims and understand what they mean. अदेबानि बेनिखायनो दाबिनायफोरखौ सांग्राङै फरायनाया आरो बैफोरनि ओंथिखौ बुजिनाया मोनसे मोजां सोलो। Reduced fat means that a product has 25% less fat than the same regular brand. मेजेम खामायनायनि ओंथिया जादों सानफ्रोमबो एखे मार्कानिखुरै 25% खम मेजेम थानाय मोनसे दिहुनथाय। Light means that the product has 50% less fat than the same regular product. रेजेंनि ओंथिया जादों एखे सानफ्रोमबोनि दिहुनथायनिखुरै 50% खम मेजेम थानाय दिहुनथाया। Low fat means a product has less than 3 grams of fat per serving. खम मेजेमनि ओंथिया जादों खनफ्रोम खाजा-बिबाङाव 3 ग्रामनिखुरै खम मेजेम थानाय मोनसे दिहुनथाय। At the top of each food label you'll see an amount listing for serving size. मोनफ्रोमबो खाजा फोरमायथिनि जौसिनथाराव खाजा-बिबां महरनि थाखाय फारिलायनाय बिबां मोनसे नों नुगोन। These are determined by the food manufacturer, and they're based on the amount that people generally eat. बेफोर खाजा दिहुनग्राफोरजों थि-खालामजायो आरो बैफोरो सुबुङा सरासनस्रायै जानाय बिबांनि सायाव बिथागोनां। All of the information about the nutritional value of the food that is listed on the label is given according to the serving size. खाजानि पुष्टियारि बेसेननि बागै गासैबो खौराङा जाय फोरमायथिनि सायाव फरिलाय-खालामनाया खाजा-बिबां महरनि हिसाबै होनाय। So if a serving size is 2 crackers and you eat 4 crackers - which would be two servings - you need to double all of the nutrition information. बेबादिनो खाजा-बिबां मोनसेया 2 क्रेकार महरनि आरो नों 4 क्रेकार जायोब्ला- जाय मोननै खाजा-बिबां जागोन- गासैबो पुष्टि खौरांखौ नों फाननै खालामनायनि गोनांथि-दङ। The number of servings per container tells you how many serving sizes are in the whole package. गासै थफ्लायाव बेसेबां खाजा-बिबां महरफोर दङ खाजा-बिबांनि अनजिमाखौ मोनफ्रोमबो आयजेंआ खोन्थायो। So if one serving is 1 cup, and the entire package has 5 cups, there are 5 servings per package. बेबादिनो मोनसे खाजा-बिबाङा काप 1 ब्ला आरो गासै थफ्लायाव मोन 5 काप दङब्ला मोनफ्रोमबो थफ्लायाव मोन 5 खाजा-बिबां दङ। A calorie is a unit of energy that measures how much energy a food provides to the body. केलरिया गोहोनि बाहागो जाय खाजा मोनसेया देहानो बेसेबां गोहो जगायो बेखौ जखा-सुयो। The number of calories that's listed on the food label indicates how many calories are in one serving. केलरिनि अनजिमाया जाय खाजा फोरमायथियाव फारिलाय-खालामजानाया मोनसे खाजा-बिबाङाव बेसेबां केलरि दङ बेखौ दिन्थियो । The second number, calories from fat, tells the total calories in one serving that come from fat. नैथि अनजिमा, मेजेमनिफ्राय केलरिया मोनसे खाजा बिबाङाव मेजेमनिफ्राय फैनाय गासै केलरिखौ खोन्थायो। The label lists fat so that people can monitor the amount of fat in their diets. फोरमायथिया मेजेमखौ फारिलाय-खालामो जाहाथे सुबुङा बिसोरनि खाजायाव मेजेमनि बिबांखौ नोजोर-होनो हायो। Dietitians generally recommend that no more than 30% of calories come from fat over the course of the day. खाजा-बिथोनगिरिया गनायथियो दि केलरिनि 30 %निखुरै बांसिन नङैया सानसेनिखुरै बांसिननि मेजेमनिफ्राय फैयो। That means that if the food you eat over the course of a day contains 2,000 calories total, no more than 600 of these should come from fat. बैनि ओंथिया जादों सानसेनि नों जानाय खाजाया गासै 2,000 केलरि लाफायो, बेफोरनि 600निखुरै बांसिना मेजेमनिफ्राय फैनाङा। These numbers show how many calories are in 1 gram of fat, carbohydrate, and protein. मेजेम, कार्बहाइद्रेत आरो प्रटिननि 1 ग्रामाव बेसेबां केलरि दङ बेफोर अनजिमाफोरा दिन्थियो। This information must be printed on every Nutrition Facts label for reference. बिदिन्थिनि थाखाय मोनफ्रोमबो पुष्टि नंगुबै फोरमायथियाव बे खौराङा साफायजाथारनांगौ। Percent daily values are listed in the right-hand column in percentages, and they tell how much of a certain nutrient a person will get from eating one serving of that food. सानफ्रोमबोनि जौखोन्दो बेसेनफोरा आगदा आखाय थोंगोर-नखराव जौखोन्दोवाव फारिलाय-खालामजानाय आरो थि पुष्टिनि बै खाजानि मोनसे खाजा-बिबां जानायनिफ्राय सासे सुबुङा बेसेबां मोनगोन बैफोरो खोन्थायो। Ideally, the goal is to eat 100% of each of those nutrients each day. नेरसोनारियै थांखिया सानफ्रोमबो बैफोर पुष्टिनि मोनफ्रोमनिबो 100% जानाय। If a serving of a food has 18% protein, then that food is providing 18% of your daily protein needs if you eat 2,000 calories per day. खाजानि मोनसेनि मोनसे खाजा-बिबाङाव 18% प्रटिन दङब्ला अब्ला बै खाजाया नोंनि सानफ्रोमबो गोनांथि-जानाय प्रटिननि 18% जगायगासिनो दङ नों सानफ्रोमबो 2,000 केलरि जायोब्ला। Percent daily value is most useful for determining whether a food is high or low in certain nutrients. थि पुष्टिफोराव खाजा मोनसेया बांसिन एबा खम थि-खालामनायनि थाखाय जौखोन्दो सानफ्रोमबो बेसेना बांसिन बाहायथाव। If a food has 5% or less of a nutrient, it is considered to be low in that nutrient. पुष्टि मोनसेनि खाजा मोनसेया 5% एबा खम दङब्ला बे पुष्टियाव खम होनना गनायजायो। A food is considered a good source of a nutrient if the percentage is between 10% and 19%. जौखोन्दोआ 10% आरो 19%नि गेजेरावब्ला खाजा मोनसेया पुष्टिनि मोनसे मोजां फुंखा होनना गनायजायो। If the food has more than 20% of the percent daily value, it is considered high in that nutrient. जौखोन्दो सानफ्रोमबो बेसेननिखुरै खाजायाव 20%नि बांसिन दङब्ला बेयो बै पुष्टियाव जौगा होनना गनायजायो। The information on food labels is based on an average diet of 2,000 calories per day, but the actual number of calories and nutrients that kids need will vary according to their age, weight, gender, and level of physical activity. खाजा फोरमायथिनि सायाव खौराङा सानफ्रोमबोनि 2,000 केलरिनि मोनसे गड़ खाजानि सायाव बिथागोनां नाथाय केलरि आरो पुष्टिनि नंगुबै अनजिमाया जायखौ खुदियानो गोनांथि-जायो बिसोरनि बैसो, लिरथाय, आथोन आरो मोदोमारि मावथायनि थाखोआ गुबुन-गुबुन जागोन। So use food labels as a guide to determine whether a food is generally nutritious, but don't worry so much about calculating the nutrients down to the exact ounce as long is your child is healthy and growing well. खाजा मोनसेया सरासनस्रायै पुष्टिगोनां नंगौना-नङा थि-खालामनो दिन्थि-महर हिसाबै बेनिखायनो खाजा फोरमायथिफोरखौ बाहाय नाथाय जेसे गोबाव नोंनि खुदियाया सावस्रिगोनां आरो मोजाङै बारायो एखेथार अउनसनि गाहायाव पुष्टिफोर साननायनि बागै जोबोर जिंगा दासि। This number indicates how much fat is in a single serving of food and it's usually measured in grams. खाजानि मोनसे खाजा-बिबाङाव बेसेबां मेजेम दङ बे अनजिमाया दिन्थियो आरो सरासनस्रायै ग्रामाव जखा-सुजायो। Although eating too much fat can lead to obesity and related health problems, our bodies do need some fat every day. जोबोर बांसिन मेजेम जानाया बांद्राय-मोदोम-जानाय जाहोयोब्लाबो आरो सावस्रि जेंनाफोर सोमोन्दोगोनां ब्लाबो जोंनि मोदोमफोरा सानफ्रोमबो इसे मेजेमनि गोनांथि-जायो। Fats are an important source of energy - they contain twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrate or protein. मेजेमफोरा गोहोनि मोनसे गोनांथार फुंखा- बैफोरो कार्बहाइद्रेत एबा प्रटिनबादि समान मोनफ्रोमबो ग्रामाव फाननै गोहो लाफायो Fats provide insulation and cushioning for the skin, bones, and internal organs. मेजेमा आलादा-लाखिनाय आरो बिगुर, बेगेंफोर आरो इसिङारि अंगफोरनि थाखाय रैखा-खालामनायखौ जगायो। Fat also carries and helps store certain vitamins (A, D, E, and K). थि भिटामिनफोरखौ (ए, दि, इ आरो के) जमा-खालामनो मेजेमाबो रोगायो आरो हेफाजाब-खालामो। But because eating too much fat can contribute to health problems, including heart disease, adults and children older than age 2 should have no more than about 30% of their daily calorie intake come from fat. नाथाय मानोना जोबोर बांसिन मेजेम जानाया मैखुन बेरामखौ लाफानानै सावस्रि जेंनाफोराव बिहोमा-होनो हायो, बैसोगोरा आरो बोसोर 2निखुरै गेदेरसिन खुदियाया बिसोरनि सानफ्रोमबो केलरि जानायनि प्राय 30%निखुरै बांसिना मेजेमनिफ्राय जानाङा। Unsaturated fats are also listed under total fat. सिजोबै मेजेमफोराबो गासै मेजेमनि सिङाव फारिलाय-खालामजानाय। These are fats that are liquid at room temperature. बेफोरो मेजेम जायफोरा खथा बिदुङाव लाव-लाव। Foods high in unsaturated fat are vegetable oils, nuts, and fish. सिजोबै मेजेमाव जौगा खाजाफोरा जादों मैगं थावफोर, नाटपोर आरो ना। Unsaturated fats are often called "good fats" because they don't raise cholesterol levels as saturated fats do. सिजोबै मेजेमफोरा प्राय मोजां मेजेम बुंजायो मानोना सिजोबनाय मेजेमबादि बैफोरो कलेष्ट्रल बिबांखौ जौगाहोवा। Cholesterol, usually measured in milligrams, is listed under the fat information. कलेष्ट्रला सरासनस्रायै मिलिग्रामाव जखा-सुजानाया मेजेम खौराङाव फारिलाय-खालामजानाय। Cholesterol is important in producing vitamin D, some hormones, and in building many other important substances in the body. भिटामिन दि दिहुननाय, हरमन आरो मोदोमाव गोबां गुबुन गोनांथार मुवा माखासे दानायाव कलेष्ट्रला गोनांथार। Cholesterol can become a problem if the amount in the blood is too high, though, which can increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis, a blockage and hardening of arteries that can lead to a heart attack or stroke. थैयाव बिबाङा जोबोर बांसिनब्ला कलेष्ट्रला मोनसे जेंना जानो हायोब्लाबो जाय एथेरसक्लेरसिस जौगाहोनायनि खैफोदखौ बांहोनो हायो, थै-खारसार-रोदानि मोनसे हेंथा आरो गोब्राब-खालामनाय जाय मैखोन गाग्लोबथि एबा स्ट्रक जाहोनो हायो। Most of the cholesterol a person needs is manufactured by the liver. सुबुं सासेनो गोनांथि-जानाय कलेष्ट्रलनि बांसिनानो बिखाजों दिहुनजायो। A carbohydrate rich diet is recommended for hepatitis patient. हेपाटाइटिस बेरामिनि थाखाय फुंगा कार्बहाइड्रेत खाजाया गनायथिजायो। a communicable disease is communicated either by air or touch. मोनसे बारदेरग्रा बेरामा बारजों एबा दांलानायजों बारदेरो। A communicable disease may also spread through contact. मोनसे बारदेरग्रा बेरामा सोमोन्दोजोंबो गोसारनो हागौ। A disease is communicated by food and water too. मोनसे बेरामा आदार आरो दैजोंबो बारदेरो। A disease is said to be communicable if it spreads from one person to the other. मोनसे बेरामखौ बारदेरग्रा बुङो, बेयो सासे सुबुंनिफ्राय गुबुन सासेनाव गोसारोब्ला। A disease is said to be non-communicable if it does not spread from one person to another. मोनसे बेरामखौ बारदेरग्रा-नङै बुङो, बेयो सासे सुबुंनिफ्राय गुबुन सासेनाव गोसाराब्लाय़ A life style is the pattern of living that we follow - how we work, what and when we eat, how and when we sleep, etc. जिउखुंनाय आदबा जों माबोरै हाबामावो, जों मा आरो माब्ला जायो, जों माबोरै आरो माब्ला उनदुयो बायदि जों फालिनाय थांनाथानाय राहानि दाथाय। AIDS is a most serious disease which has appeared only during the last couple of decades. एइद्सआ मोनसे जोबोद गिख्रंथाव बेराम जाय थांनाय मोननै जिथायावल’ नुजादोंमोन। AIDS is caused by a virus that attacks the body’s natural defence system. एइद्सआ मोनसे भाइरासजों सोमजियो जाय देहानि थाखानाय होब्थाग्रा राहाखौ गाग्लोबो। Alternating chill and perspiration is a symptom of typhoid. सोलायसलयै गुसु आरो गोलोमनाया ताइफइदनि मोनस लोइखोन। although your grand father suffers from high blood pressure, nobody else gets it. नोंनि नोमबौवा हाय ब्लद प्रेसाराव भउगिदोंब्लाबो, रावबो बेखौ मोनाबो जानोहागौ। Always use only properly sterilized needles for injections to avoid AIDS. जेब्लाबो एइद्सखौ नेविसिनो इनजेकसननि थाखाय मोजाङै गोथारखालामनाय बिजिफोरखौल बाहाय। Antibodies are special chemicals found in the blood which act against germs. थैयाव मोननाय एन्टिबदिसफोरा जरखा रासायनिक जाय जिउसानि हेंथायै खामानि मावो। Avoid pregnancy, if infected with AIDS. एइद्सजों सनदेरजादोंब्ला,गोर्बोआव गथ’ लानायखौ नागार। Can you tell what happens when a person suffering from a disease such as influenza, diptheria, measles, mumps, etc. coughs or speaks loudly or sneezes? जेब्ला सासे मानसिया इनफ्लुवेनजा, दिपथेरिया,फिसा आइ, खावलाय बुनाय, गुजुनाय एबा गोबारै बखिनाय एबा हासिउनाय बायदि बेरामाव भुगियोब्ला, मा जागोन नों बुंनो हागोन दा ? common cold spreads from person to person while high blood pressure does not. सरासनस्रा गगामोन्नाया सासे सुबुंनिफ्राय गुबुन सासेनियाव गोसारो गुबुनफारसे हाइ ब्लाद प्रेसारा गोसारा। Communicable diseases are also known as infectious diseases. बारदेरग्रा बेरामफोरा सनदेरग्रा बेराम महरैबो मिथिजायो। Communicable diseases are caused by very tiny organisms called germs and parasites. जिउसा आरो मालाइसोनार जिउसा बुंनाय जोबोर फिसा जिउसाबिदामफोरजों बारदेरग्रा बेरामफोरा सोमजियो। Communicable diseases have two modes of spread but there are others too. बारदेरग्रा बेरामहा गोसारनायनि मोन्नै बिखान्थि दं, नाथाय गुबुनफोरबो दंदेरबावो Communicable diseases spread from one person to another, that is, a healthy person may catch it from a patient. बारदेरग्रा बेरामफोरा सासे मानसिनिफ्राय गुबुन सासेनिसिम गोसारो, जेरैहाय सासे गोगो मानसिया बेखौ सासे बेरामिनिफ्राय हमदांनो हायो। Communicable diseases spread through air, water, food and contact. बारदेरग्रा बेरामफोरा बार,दै,आदार आरो दांदेरनायजों गोसारो। Control the fever with medicines and cough with steam inhalation. लोमजानायखौ मुलिजों आरो गुजुनायखौ खफ’जों हां लानाय हगारनायजों होबथा। Dehydration can be dangerous, so give plenty of fluids, give Oral rehydration solution (ORS). देहाइड्रेसना खैफोत गोनां जानो हागौ,बेखायनो गुरै खाजा,अरेल रिहाइड्रेसन सलुसन हो। Direct contact means you actually touch a person who has the disease. थोंजों सोमोनदोया थारैनो नों सासे बेरामि सुबुंखौ दानायखौ ओंथिफोरमायो। Disease can spread through indirect contact when you use things that the patient has been using. बेरामा खेंस्ला सोमोन्दोजों गोसारनो हायो जेब्ला नों बेरामिया बाहायनाय बेसादफोरखौ बाहायो। Diseases may be the result of infection in the body such as typhoid or chickenpox, or they may be related to the physiology of the body such as hypertension and diabetes. बेरामफोरा देहायाव सनदेरनायनि जाउन जानोबो हागौ जेरैबादि ताइफइद एबा सिथरबेरनाय, एबा बेफोर हायपारतेनसन आरो दाइबितिस बायदि देहानि फिजिअलजिजों सोमोनदो थानोबो हागौ। Diseases such as hepatitis, cholera, typhoid, etc., are spread by food and water. हेपाटाइटिस,कलेरा,टाइफयद,बायदि बेरामफोरा आदार आरो दैजों गोसारो। Drinking water should be taken from a safer source. लोंनाय दैखौ मोनसे रैखाथि फुंखानिफ्राय लानांगौ। Each disease has associated signs and symptoms which are particular to that disease only. मोनफ्रोमबो बेरामहानो लोबबागोनां दिन्थिफोर(signs) आरो लोइखोनफोर थायो जायफोरा बैफोर बेरामनिल जरखा। Flies carry germs from rubbish and garbage on their bodies and infect the food on which they sit. थाम्फै दंग्राया सेवनाय दाखोर दालानिफ्राय बिसोरनि देहायाव जिउसा लाबोयो आरो जेब्ला बिसोर बायो आदाराव इनफेक्ट खालामो। Flies cause diseases like cholera and mosquitoes cause malaria. थामफैदंग्राफोरा कलेरा बायदि बेरामफोर सोमजिहोयो आरो थामफैफोरा मेलेरिया सोमजिहोयो। Food and water get contaminated can get contaminated through unhygienic conditions of preparation, serving and storing, dirty hands and utensils and houseflies which transfer germs from rubbish and garbage to food. आदार आरो दैया बिसगोनां जानो हागौ,सावस्रि नङै थामारियाव बानायनाय,होनाय आरो दोन्थुमनाय,गिज्रा। आखाय आरो आइजें आइलानि गेजेरजों जानो हागौ आरो थाम्फै दंग्राया सेवनाय दाखोर-दालानिफ्राय जिउसाफोरखौ आदाराव बारस्लाय होयो। For happy living, it is necessary to remain healthy and free from any diseases. गोजोन जिउ खुंनायनि थाखाय गोगो देहा आरो जायखि जाया बेरामनिफ्राय उदां जानानै थानाया गोनांथार। Healthy, hygienic environment and good habits also give you an ability to fight diseases. गोगो देहा, सावस्रि गोनां आबहावा आरो मोजां हुदायाबो नोंखौ बेरामजों दावहा नांनो गोहो होगोन। if the germs manage to overpower the antibodies, the symptoms of disease appear. जिउसाफोरा एन्थिबदिफोरखौ नारसिननो हायोब्ला, बेरामनि लोइखोनफोरा नुजायो। Immunity is the ability of the body to resist a particular disease. मोनसे जरखा बेरामखौ होबथानो इमिउनितियानो देहानि गोहो। In other words you have immunity to viral fever. गुबुन रावै, भाइरेल लोमजानायखौ होबथानो नोंहा इमिउनिति दं। In other words, the person does not have immunity to the disease. गुबुन रावै, बेराम होबथानो सासे सुबुंहा इमुनिटि गैया। In the fight between the antibodies and germs, if the antibodies are able to resist and destroy the germs then the disease is prevented and the person is said to be having immunity. एन्टिबदिफोर आरो जिउसाफोर गेजेरनि दावहायाव , एन्टिबदिफोरा जिउसाफोरखौ होबथानो आरो फोजोबस्रांनो हायोब्ला, अब्ला बेरामा होबथाजायो आरो मानसिखौ इमुनिटि दं होनना बुंनाय जायो। Incubation period is different for different diseases. गुबुन गुबुन बेरामफोरनि थाखाय जिउसा गनाय समफोरा गुबुन गुबुन जायो। Influenza, polio, typhoid, measles, mumps, chickenpox, tuberculosis, AIDS are some communicable diseases. इनफ्लुइनजा, पलिअ, टाइफयेद, सिथर फिसा, खावलाय बुनाय, गेदेर सिथर, टिउबारकलिसिस, एइद्सफोरा खायसे बारदेरग्रा बेरामफोर। Insist on getting properly tested blood when in need of blood transfusion. थै सोलायनो गोनांथि जानाय समाव मोजाङै आनजाद खालामनाय थैखौसो लानो नाजा। It is also possible to keep diseases under control, if we make sensible alteration In our life styles. जों जोंनि जिउ खुंनाय राहाफोराव सामोलगोनां सोलाय-सल खालामोब्ला, बेरामफोरखौ होबथाना लाखिनो हाथावनाबो। Keep the patient in bed as long as there is fever and till appetite returns to normal. उखैनाया सोलिनाय महराव फैयासिम आरो जब्रा जाबाय थानाय समसिम बेरामिखौ एमावनो दोनबायथा। Malaria, conjunctivitis (an eye disease), typhoid, chickenpox are some common diseases. मेलेरिया, मेगननि बेराम, टाइफइद, गेदेर सिथरफोरा मोननैसो जाफ्लेबाय थानाय बेराम। Many diseases are spread through insects. गोबां बेरामफोरा एमफौफोरनि गेजेरजोंबो गोसारो। More and more machines are being developed each day to help us with our work. जोंनि खामानियाव जोंखौ हेफाजाब होनो थाखाय सानफ्रोमबो गोबां(more and more) दाजेमफोर जौगाहोजागासिनो दं। More and more young people are seen smoking and drinking although these are harmful to health. बेफोर देहानि थाखाय खहागोनांब्लाबो, गोबां लाइमोन मानसिफोरखौ सोबनाय आरो फेग्रा बेसाद लोंनाय नुनो मोनो। Most of you must have heard of AIDS which stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. नोंसोरनि गोबाङानो एइद्सखौ खोनाखाबाय जाय एकुयार्ड इमुनु डेफिसियेनसि सिनद्रमखौ फोरमायो। Natural immunity is present at birth and is only towards particular diseases. थाखानाय इमुनिटिफोरा जोमोनजों फैफायो आरो जरखा बेरामफोरनि थाखायल’ खामानि मावो। On the other hand, very often we hear about diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, heart diseases, etc. गुबुन फारसे, माखासे समाव(very often) जों दाइबेटिस,हाइ ब्लाद प्रेसार मेजेम बांनाय,बिखानि बेराम बायदि बेरामफोरनि सोमोनदै खोनायो। Our nutritious, balanced meals are giving way to fast food and junk food, vegetables are being rejected in favour of cheese and butter, soft drinks are replacing milk जोंनि पुसतायु(nutritious),गोरोब आदारफोरा फास्त फुद आरो जांक फुदयाव जायगा लाहैबाय, मैगं-थायगंफोरा माखन आरो घिनि थाखाय नेवसिजाबाय, सफ्त द्रिंफोरा गायखेरखौ बोखारबाय। People need to change their habits in the direction of healthier living. गोगो जिउखुंनायनि बिथिङाव मानसिफोरा बिसोरनि हुदाफोरखौ सोलायनो गोनांथि दं। Practice yoga or meditation to avoid stress in life. जिउनि नारसिनथायखौ नेवसिनो जगा आरो जब खालाम। So the antibodies are developed which remain in the blood after you recover from disease and help you fight against future attack of that disease. बेखायनो एनतिबदिफोरा जौगायो, जाय नों बेरामनिफ्राय बारगनाय उनाव थैयाव थालाङो आरो बै बेरामनि इउन गागलोबनाय हेंथायै दावहानांनो हेफाजाब होयो। Some people do not become ill even when exposed to germs. जिउसा मोननो हासेयावबो खायसे मानसिफोरा लोमजायाबो जानोहागौ। Suppose your brother is suffering from influenza. हमनाला, नोंनि फंबाया इनफ्लुयेनजायाव भुगिदों। Tap water is cleaned by certain methods that kill germs before it is sent to our homes. टेपनि दैखौ नंगुबै आदबफोरजों गोथार खालामनाय जायो, जाय बेखौ जोंनि नसिम दैथाय हरनायनि सिगां जिउसाफोरखौ बुथारो। The AIDS virus is spread by sexual contact with an infected person, exchange of infected body fluids, e.g., blood transfusions. एइद्स भाइरासया सासे सनदेरजानाय मानसिजों आथोनारि सोमोनदो, सनदेरजानाय देहा लावलाव मुवाफोर सोलाय-सल, जेरै थै सोलाय-सलफोरनि गेजेरजों गोसारो। The AIDS virus is spread by use of infected needles for injections, or at birth from infected mother to child during pregnancy or at birth. बेजि लानायाव गेना बिजि बाहायनाय एबा गेनागोनां बिमानि गोरबोआव गथ’ जोनोम होनायजों एइद्सनि भाइरासा गोसारो। The air of crowded places may contain disease causing germs. सुबुं थुबुरमा जायगाफोरनि बाराबो बेराम सोमजिहोनाय जिउसाफोर थानो हागौ। The air of crowded places, ill ventilated houses, cinema houses and so on is more likely to contain disease causing germs. सुबुं थुबुरमा जायगाफोर , गाज्रि भेनतिलेतर गोनां नफोर,सावथुन नफोर आरो बायदिफोरनि बारा जानोहागौ बांसिन बेराम सोमजिहोनाय जिउसाफोर थायो। The disease germs are passed through direct contact from your brother to his friend. बेराम जिउसाफोरा थोंजों सोमोन्दोनि गेजेरजों नोंनि फंबायनिफ्राय बिनि लोगोनिसिम बारदेरो। The gap of time between the entry of germs into the body and appearance of symptoms of the disease is called the Incubation Period. देहायाव जिवसाफोर हाबनाय आरो बेरामनि लोइखोनफोरनि नुजाथिनाय गेजेरनि समनि फारागखौ इनकिउबिसन पेरिअद बुङो। The germs will attack the body and the person will catch the diseases if there is no defence system in the body. देहायाव जेबो होबथानाय राहा थायाब्ला जिउसाफोरा देहाखौ नाख्रेबगोन आरो मानसिया बेरामखौ गोबानानै लागोन। The immunity acquired may be for a short period like in viral fever or life long as in case of measles or chicken pox. इमुनिटि मोननाया सुंथाब समनिथाखाय जानो हागौ जेरै भाइरेल जब्रा एबा लोन्थि एबा गेजेर सिथर बेरनायनि बेलायाव गोलाव सम जानो हागौ। The person suffering will let germs of that disease into the air which will enter your body when you breathe in. बेरामाव भुगिनाय मानसिया बै बेरामनि जिउसाखौ बाराव हगारगोन, जाय जेब्ला नों हांलायो नोंनि देहायाव हाबगोन। The state of disease is the opposite to the state of health. बेरामनि थाथाया देहानि थाथायनि उल्था। The white blood cells produce a substance called antibodies to fight germs. गुफुर थै जिबख्रिफोरा जिउसाफोरजों जुजिनो एन्टिबदिस होननाय मोनसे बेसाद सोमजिहोयो। there are certain deficiency diseases also like night blindness which occurs because of vitamin A deficiency. मोनाबिलियाव मेगननुयै बायदि खायफा आंखालयारि बेरामफोरबो दं जायफोरा भिटामिन ए आंखालनि थाखाय सोमजियो। There is no cure for AIDS as yet, nor is there any vaccine to protect the people. दासिम एइद्सनि थाखाय जेबो फाहामराहा गैया, मानसिफोरखौ होबथानाय जेबो भेक्सिनबो गैथवा। These days we hear less about infectious diseases like tuberculosis (T.B) or cholera. आथिखालाव जों तिउबारकुलसिस(TV) एबा कलेरा बायदि सनदेरनाय बेरामफोरनि सोमोनदै खम खोनानो मोनसै। These germs are present everywhere- in air, water, soil, etc. बेफोर जिउसाफोरा बार,दै, हा, बायदि जेरावबो दंसै। To produce acquired immunity, we have a national programme called universal Immunisation Programme. मोनथाव इमुनिटि दिहुननो जोंहा मुलुगनां सिथा होनाय हाबाफारि बुंनाय मोनसे हादरारि हाबाफारि दं। Tuberculosis, diptheria, whooping cough, tetanus, measles, polio are a few such diseases. टिउबारकिउलासिस, दिपथेरिया, गुजुनाय, टिटेनास, लोन्थि बेरनाय, पलिअफोरा बेबादि मोननैसो बेराम। Uncovered food and water are likely to get contaminated with germs and spread disease. खोबथेजायै आदार आरो दैया जिउसाफोरजों बिस गोनां जायो आरो बेरामफोरखौ गोसारहोयो। Universal Immunisation Programme is essential for healthy living of children. मुलुगनां इमुनाइजेसन हाबा फारिया गथ’फोरनि गोगो जिउखुंनायनि थाखाय गोनांथि। Water from wells, ponds, streams and even hand pumps is generally unsafe and may contain disease causing germs. दैखर, फुक्रि, दैसा आरो आखाय पाम्पनि दैया सरासनस्रयै रैखाथिनङै आरो बेराम सोमजिहोनाय जिउसाफोर थानो हागौ। Water which we get from the taps is safe to drink. जाय दैखौ जों टेपफोरनिफ्राय मोनो बेयो लोंनों रैखाथि गोनां। We can do a lot to prevent the occurrence of life style diseases. जिउ खुंनाय राहा बेरामफोरनि नुजाथिनायखौ होबथानो जों हाजासे मावनो हायो। We can have a very healthy life if we remain conscious of our life styles. जों जोंनि जिउ खुंनाय राहाफोरखौ सांग्राङै लाखियोब्ला जों जोबोर गोगो जिउ मोननो हागोन। We prefer to use a car or bus instead of walking. थाबायनायनि सोलाय जों गंसे कार एबा बास बाहायनोसो फसायो। When germs enter a healthy body through infected food and water, air, contact or insects, they multiply and upset the normal functioning of the body, thus, producing the symptoms of the diseases. जेब्ला जिउसाफोरा फुंगा देहायाव सनदेरजानाय आदार आरो दै, बार, सोमोन्दो एबा एम्फौ-एनलाफोरजों हाबो, बिसोर एरलाङो आरो देहानि सोलिनाय हाबाखौ गोहैलो खालामो, बेरामफोरनि लैखोनफोरखौ नुजाहोनानै। When weakened germs are introduced in your body through vaccination, antibodies are developed in the blood to prevent an attack of a particular disease. जेब्ला लोरबां जिउसाफोरखौ नोंनि देहायाव भेक्सिनजों सोनाय जायो, मोनसे जरखा बेरामनि गाग्लोबनायखौ होबथानो थैयाव एन्टिबदिसफोरा जौगायो। When you suffer from a disease, the germs are present in the body. जेब्ला नों मोनसे बेरामाव भुगियो, जिउसाफोरा देहायाव थायो। when your friend had chickenpox, a rash developed on her body, face and neck. जेब्ला नोंनि लोगोनियाव सिथर बेरो, बिनि देहा, मोखां आरो गोदोनायाव मोनसे दाखोन सोमजियो। Whereas you have indirect contact with a patient when you use anything that they have used like comb, towel, cup, etc. सासे बेरामिया बाहायनाय बेसाद जेरै खानजं, टावेल, काप बायदिनि जायखि जाया मोनसे बाहायोब्ला, बबेखानि नों खेंसालिया सोमोन्दोआव फैगोन। who is suffering from typhoid, must have consumed food infected with typhoid germs, say 2-3 weeks earlier. जाय टाइफइद भुगिदों, बियो टाइफइद जिउसाफोरजों सनदेरजानाय आदार जाफ्लांथारदों, हमना ला २-३ सप्टा सिगां। You have learnt that when a person is exposed to germs, she gets the disease. नों सोलोंबायदि जेब्ला सासे मानसिया जिउसाफोरजों साग्लोबजायो, बिहा बेराम जाथारगोन। You have noted above that the germs take some time to grow and produce the disease in body. नों गोजौआव मिथिबायदि जिउसाफोर देरनो सम लायो आरो देहायाव बेराम सोमजिहोयो। You know that if somebody in the family gets a cold, it does not spare the others. नों मिथियोदि नखराव सोरबा सासे गगा मोन्दोंब्ला, बेयो गुबुनखौ खहा खालामा। You must have noticed that when a person has a disease there are certain signs and symptoms. नों नोजोरहोबायदि जेब्ला सासे मानसिहा बेराम थायो, बेवहाय थि दिन्थिफोर आरो लैखोनफोर थायो। You must have often heard your mother telling you to keep food and water covered. आदार आरो दैखौ खोबनानै लाखिनांगौ होनना नोंनि नोमाया नोंनो खिन्थानायखौ नों सम सम खोनाखाबाय जानांगौ। you must have seen people suffering from diseases and realised how weak the disease leaves the person. नों बेरामफोराव भुगिनाय मानसिफोर नुखाबाय आरो बेरामफोरा मानसिखौ माबोरै लोरबां खालामो बुजिखाबाय जानोहागौ। You must remember also that aids cannot spread by through the air, that is, sneezing, coughing, through cups, glasses, plates, water or food. नों गोसोयाव लाखिथारबावदि एइद्स-या बारनि गेजेरजों गोसारनो हाया, जेरै, हासिउनाय, गुजुनाय, कापफोर, गिलासफोर, प्लेतफोर, दै एबा आदारनि गेजेरजों। You must remember that aids cannot spread by shaking hands, kissing on the cheeks, using the same toilet seat and standing close to the infected person. नों गोसोयाव लाखिथारदि आखाय हमनाय, खावलायफोराव खुदुमनाय, एखे खिखरसालि जायगा बाहायनाय आरो सनदेरजानाय सुबुंनि सेराव गसंनायजों एइद्सआ गोसारनो हाया । You will be surprised to learn that germs do not have an easy time. नों मिथिनानै सोमोनांगोनदि जिउसाफोरहा जेबो गोरलै सम थाया। Your body’s defence system consists of white blood cells which act as soldiers to fight germs. नोंनि देहानि होबथाग्रा राहाया गुफुर थै जिबख्रिफोरजों दाजानाय जाय जिउसाफोरखौ गागलोबनो फायखिफोर बायदि खामानि मावो। Your body’s defence system protected you from germs. नोंनि देहानि होबथाग्रा राहाया नोंखौ जिउसाफोरनिफ्राय होबथायो। your brother covers his mouth with his hand when he coughs and then shakes hands with his friend. जेब्ला गुजुयो नोंनि फंबाया बिनि आखायजों बिनि खुगाखौ होथेयो आरो बेनि उनाव बिनि लोगोजों आखायफोरखौ सोमावलायो। 10 days training programme is organized from time to time depending on requirements for state level rapid response teams to strengthen surveillance system. हादोरसा थाखोनि गोख्रै फिननाय हानजाफोरनि गोनांथिफारनि सायाव सोनारनानै नायदिंनाय राहाखौ गोख्रों खालामनो सम सम 10 साननि फोरोंथाय बादा खुंनाय जायो। A "HIV Testing Manual" entitled "Laboratory diagnosis biosafety and quality control", has been brought out by NICD and distributed to Laboratory-In-Charges of the HIV Testing Laboratories as well as to Physicians all over India. “आनजादसालि बेरा सिनायनाय आरो गुन दबथायनाय” मुङै गांसे “एइस,आइ, भि, आनजाद नायनाय” लेखाखौ एन,आइ, सि, डि, आफोसावदोंमोन आरो एइस, आइ, भि, आनजाद खालामनायफोरनि बिबानगिरि आरो भारतनि साफ्रोम फिजिसियानफोरनो रानना होदोंमोन। A central sector programme with the objective of interrupting the transmission of infection is in operation since 1996-97. सनदेरनायनि गोसारतिखौ होबथानायनि थांखिजों 1996-97 निफ्राय मोनसे मिरुवारि खोलोब हाबाफारिया सोलिगासिनो दं। A number of research projects are currently being undertaken on epidemiological aspects of various communicable diseases. गोबां बारदेरग्रा बेरामफोरनि महामारियारि बिथिंफोराव (बेरामनि खैफोद) आथिखालाव गोबां अनजिमानि नायबिजिरनाय मावथांखिफोर लाजागासिनो दं। A total of 126 (Journal 85 foreign and 45 National) are subscribed. गासै 126 (लाइसि 85 गुबुन हादोरनि आरो 45 हादोरारिखौ) सुजुनाय जादों। A total of 238 ZBTCs (Zonal Blood Testing Centres) and Sero-Surveillance Centres scattered in 9 (nine) different states of North India collect their HIV test kits from Division. साहा भारतनि मोनगु गुबुन गुबुन हादोरसायाव गोसारगलांनानै थानाय गासै 238 (जे,बि,टि,स) ओनसोलारि थै आनजाद मिरु आरो सेरो –नायदिंनाय मिरुफोरा खोन्दोनिफ्राय गावसोरनि एइद्स, आइ,भि आनजाद कितफोरखौ बुथुमो। Aetiological diagnostic services with counseling are provided for common sexually transmitted infections. सावरायथायजों लोगोसे एटिअलजिकेल बेराम सिनायनाय सिबिथायफोरखौ सरासनस्रा आथोनारियै गोसारनाय सनदेरनायफोरनि थाखाय होनाय जायो। Animals are mainly used for diagnostic purpose for identification of the actiology of outbreks and for breeding colonies of various species of mosquitoes. गोबां हारिनि थाम्फैनि फिसा जोनोम होनाय बिदाब आरो सोमजिखांनायनि एक्टिअलजिखौ सिनायनायनि थाखाय जुनातपोरखौ गाहायैदायगनेस्टिक हाबानि थाखाय बाहायो। Diagnostic and referral services on filariasis are provided to Public and Medical Institutions. फिलारिएसिसनि सायाव फाहामथाय आरो बेखेवलु सिबिथायफोरखौ सुबुंफोरनो आरो फाहामथाय फसंथानफोरनो होनाय जायो। Diagnostic services are provided for AIDS associated infections prevalent in India. भारताव गोसारनाय एइद्सजों लोबबा थानाय सनदेरथिफोरनि थाखाय दायगनेस्टिक सिबिथायफोरखौ होनाय जायो। Diagnostic services are provided for opportunistic parasitic and other pathogens that may affect AIDS case. सन्देरग्रा मालाय जिउसा आरो गुबुन पेथनजेन जायफोर एइद्सखौ खहा खालामनो हायो बेफोरनि दाइगनास्टिक सिबिथाय होयो। Division as the WHO Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology and Training organizes three month Field Epidemiology Training Programme every year for middle level health managers of countries under WHO South East Asia Region. मुलुगनां सावस्रि फसंथाननि सिङाव थानाय खोला सानजा एसिया ओनसोलनि गेजेर थाखोनि सावस्रि दैदेनग्रा हादोरफोराव बोसोरफ्रामबो दान मोन्थाम दखरा महामारि फोरोंथाय हाबाफारिखौ मु,सा, फ, नि महामारि आरो फोरोंथाय मिरुनि बायदि खोन्दोआव साननाय जादों। Division has developed training modules of surveillance. नायदिंनायनि फोरोंथाय खान्थिफोरखौ खोन्दोफोरा जौगाखां होयो। ELISA and WESTERN BLOT kits that are distributed to various laboratories / surveillance centres / blood banks are evaluated for performance characteristics at AIDS DIV. गोबां आनजादसालिफोराव, नायदिमनाय मिरु एबा थैनि बेंकफोराव रानानानै होनाय एलिसा आरोसोनाबारि ब्लत किट्सफोरखौ एइद्स खोन्दोआव मावपुंनाय आखुथायफोरखौ सुमोन्थाय खालामो। Entomology Feeding of mosquitoes (Anopheles stephensi and Aedes Aegyptii, sand flies and rat fleece). एम्फौ-एनलानि जानाय-लोंनाय थाम्फै जेरै एनफेलिस स्टेफेन्सि आरो एइदस इजिप्टि थाम्फै आरो बनजार फालोआव सोलियो। Entomology Maintenance of rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) to study the residual effect of Insecticides. जायगानि एम्फौ फोथैनायनि गोहोमखौ नायबिजिरनायनि थाखाय रेट फ्लि (बारदेरग्रा सोखो)नि सायाव एम्फौ-एनला नायबिजिरनायखौ दैदेननाय जादों। Formulation of guidelines for networking of National Quality Control Programme, holding meeting with the state AIDS programme Officers as well as microbiologists of institutions. एइद्स हादरसा हाबाफारिनि बिबानगिरि आरो फसंथानफोरनि माइक्रबाइअलजिस्त फोरजों मेल खुंनायखौ हारिमायारि गुन दबथायनाय हाबाफारिनि इसिं फोनांजाबनायनि गाइदलाइन जथायनाय जादों। Guinea worm (GW) disease is caused by the parasite Dracunculus medinensis and is transmitted through drinking water from unsafe sources like step well, ponds, etc. containing infected water fleas (Cyclops). गिनिया एम्फौ बेरामा मालाय जिउसा द्रेकुनकुलास मेदिनेन्सिसनिफ्राय सोमजियो आरो बारदेरनाय बायदि रैखाथि गैयै फुंखानि दै लोंनायनिफ्राय गोसारदेरो। Helminthology Division division undertakes Research, Training and Services on filariasis, guineaworm and intestinal parasitic diseases. हेलमिन्थलोजि खोन्दोआ फाइलेरिया गिनिया एम्फौ आरो बिबुआव मालाय जिउसा बेरामनि सायाव, बिजिरसंनाय, फोरोंथाय आरो सिबिथाय होयो। In addition about 100 journals are being received on exchange or on complimentary basis. समब्रा-समब्रि एबा सोलाय –सोल’यै गां 100 लाइसिफोरखौ मोननाय जादोंमोन। Institute advises the Government on various issues related to the communicable diseases in the country and their control. हादोराव बारदेरनाय बेरामजों लोबबा थानाय गोबां जेंनाफोरनि सायाव आरो बिसोरखौ होबथानायनि थाखाय फसंथाना सोरखारनो बोसोन होयो। Maintenance of Toxoplasma gondii strain for antigen preparation (used in serodiagnosis of Toxoplasmosis) टक्सप्लास्मा गन्दि सेर’दाइअसिसआव बाहायबनाय उल्था होबथाग्रा थियारि खालामनो टस’प्लास्मसिसखौ दैदेननाय जादों। Molecular diagnosis of suspected HIV infected cases by PCR. सन्दे गोनां एइस आइ भि, सन्देरनाय बेलायाव मलेकिवलार दाइअगनसिसखौ पि,सि,आर,आ खालामो। National Reference Centre for HIV / AIDS (incorporating HIV serology Unit). एइस, आइ, भि, एबा एइद्सनि हारिमायारि हेफाजाब लाथाव मिरु दं। National Reference Centre for HIV / AIDS is functioning since 1985. 1985 निफ्राय एइस, आइ, भि, एबा एइद्सनि सायाव हारिमायारि हेफाजाब लाथाव मिरुवा खामानि मावबोदों। National Surveillance Programme for Communicable Diseases has been launched in 1997 to strengthen the disease surveillance system so that early warning signals of impending outbreaks are recognized and appropriate timely action is initiated. बेराम नोजोर होनाय राहाखौ गोहो गोरा खालामनो 1985 निफ्राय बारदेरग्रा बेरामनि थाखाय हादोरारि नोजोरनि हाबाफारिखौ दैदेनबोदोंमोन जाहाते जाथावना बेरामखौ सिनायनानै सिगां सांग्रां इसारा होनो हायो आरो नांगौ समाव गोनां राहा लानो हानाय जायो। NICD develops newer tools, techniques, methodologies aimed at early detection/ improvement of diagnosis and epidemiological assessment of infections in the community. मानसिनि गेजेराव महामारिनि बारदेरनायनि सुमोन्थाय मोननो आरो बेराम सिनायनायखौ जौगा होनो, सिगां हमदांनो एबा होबथानायनि थाखाय एन,आइ,सि,डि,आ गोदान आगजु आदब आरो आदबखान्थि जौगाहोदों। NICD is assisted the state health authorities in field investigations as may be undertaken by them and providing them with technical assistance wherever necessary. एन,आइ,सि,डि,आ हादोरसायारि सावस्रि खुंथायफोरनो मदद खालामो आरो गोनां जायोब्ला बिथांमोना हादोरसाफोरनो खाटरिखरियारि मदद खालामो। NICD is carreid-out epidemiological investigations, mapping-out of areas of endemicity, study of communicable disease statistics on modern lines and generally to elucidate the principles underlying the prevalence of communicable diseases in India. एन,आइ,सि,डि,आ महामारि नायसंनाय, जाफ्लेबाय थानाय दखरानि मानसावगारि एरखांनाय, गोदान बिथिङै बारदेरनाय बेरामनि गले गलेथा बिजिरनायखौ खालामो आरो भारताव बारदेरनाय बेरामनि थाखाय सोलिनाय खान्थिफोरखौ गमामायै गोरलै खालामनानै होयो। NICD is the only library in the country which has got enormous early literature in the fields of malaria and other vector borne diseases prevalent in the country. एन,आइ,सि,डि,आ हादोरनि मोनसेल’ बिजाब बाख्रि जाय मलारिया फोथाराव आरो हादराव गोसारनाय गुबुन गुबुन भेक्टरजों सोमजिनाय बेरामनि सायाव सिगां थुनलायारि मुंदांखा जादोंमोन। NICD organizes workshops on topics of topical interest like Epidemiology and Training, Rabies Epidemiology and Referral Laboratory for Poliomyelitis. एन,आइ,सि,डि,आ समब्रा-समब्रि गोनांनि आयदा जेरै महामारि आरो फोरोंथाय गाज्रि महामारि आरो पलिअमाइलाटिसनि रेफारेल आनजादसालिनि सायाव सावराय जुथुम खुङो। NICD publishes scientific results, technical guidelines, training manuals and bulletins. एन,आइ,सि,डि,आ गोनोखो फिथाय बिरोंदामिन बिथोन, फोरोंथाय मेनुवेल आरो फोसावथाय पोरसावो। NICD train research workers in the concerned disciplines. एन,आइ,सि,डि,आ सोमोन्दो गोनां आयदायाव बिजिरसंनाय खामानि फोरोंथाय होयो। NICD trains personnel in epidemiology and control of communicable diseases. एन,आइ,सि,डि,आ हादरारि बारदेरग्रा बेराम होबथानो बिबानगिरिफोरखौ फोरोंथाय होयो। NICD undertakes clinical investigations on communicable diseases and treatment. To study techniques of early diagnosis, relapse problems and to update and institute modern technologies and molecular methods for detection and surveillance of epidemic prone diseases. हादोरारि बारदेरनाय बेराम फसंथाना बारदेरनाय बेरामनि सायाव फाहासालि आरो फाहामथायनि सायाव नायसङो, सिगां बेराम सिनायनाय आदब फिन साग्लोबनायखौ मिथिनो आरो महामारि बेराम दखराखौ नोजोर होनो आरो होब्थानायनि थाखाय गोदान आदब अनुजिब खान्थिखौ जौगा होयो आरो गायसनो। NICD undertakes field studies on the taxonomy, biology, ecology, dynamics of disease transmission and control measures of vector borne diseases. एन,आइ,सि,डि,आ टेक्सनमि, जिब बिगियान थासारि बिगियान, बेराम गोसारनायनि बिजों आरोभेक्टरजों सोमजिनाय बेरामखौ होबथानाय राहानि सायाव दखरारि नायसङो। NICD undertakes operational research on prevalence and spread of communicable diseases and their prevention. एन,आइ,सि,डि,आ बारदेरनाय बेरामफोरनि बांद्राय गोहोम आरो गोसारनाय आरो होबथानायनि सायाव मावफुङारि बिजिरसं खालामो। NICD, initiate enquiries and undertake investigations on communicable diseases including such problems as may be referred to the Institute by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India and the State Governments from time to time. भारत सोरखार आरो हादरसा सोरखारनि सावस्रि आरो नखर अनसाय मन्थ्रि बिफानजों सम सम फसंथाननो फोरमायबोनाय जेंनाफोरखौ लाफानानै एन,आइ, सि,डि,आ बारदेरनाय बेरामनि सायाव नायसंनाय आरो सुलाद लानायनि राहा लायो। Participation in International Quality Assurance Programme conducted by WHO Collaborating Centre functioning at Australia, to maintain Internationally accredited status as National Reference Center. अस्ट्रेलियायाव खामानि मावनाय दालाइ मिरु मुलुगनां सावस्रि फसंथाननि हादर गेजेरारि थिरादाय मानदान्दा हाबाफारियाव बाहागो लानाय हारिमायारि हेफाजाबारि मिरु महरै हादर गेजेरारि बांसिन थाथायखौ दैदेननायनो गाहाय। Presently the division has expanded to include multifarious activities. आथिखालाव बां मोखाङारि हाबा-हुखाखौ लाफानानै मन्दलफोरखौ फेहेरनाय जादों। Preserved specimens of cyclops, guineaworm, ova and cyst of intestinal parasites and human filaria slides are supplied to various research and teaching institutions/organisations. साइक्लप्स, गिनिखुरु,अभा आरो बिदिन्थिखौ दोन्थुमो आरो सुबुङारि फाइलेरियानि स्लाइद्सफोरखौ गोबां बिजिरख आरो फोरोंथाय फसंथान एबा गौथुमफोरनो जगायो। Prior to 1995 the division of AIDS had existed as AIDS Reference Laboratory since 1985. 1995 माइथायनि सिगां एइद्सनि दिभिसन 1985 निफ्राय एइद्स हेफाजाब आनजादसालि होनना सोलिबोदोंमोन। Reference service provides include confirmation of serological test results generated by surveillance centres as per the National HIV testing guidelines. बेखेवलु सिबिथायाव दंफायोमोन हादरारि एइस,आइ,भि, आनजादनि बोसोन बादि नायदिंनाय मिरुवा मावफुंनाय सेर’ल’जिकेल आनजाद फिथायखौ थि खालामनाय। Regular visits by faculty members of AIDS Division to various states of India to conduct training workshops in the field of laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection and biosafety. एइस आइ भि सन्देरनाय आरो जिबआरि रैखाथि आनजादसालि बेराम सिनायनायनि बेलायाव एइद्स खोन्दोनि फेकालटि सोद्रोमाफोरा फोरोंथाय खामानि बादा खुंनो भारतनि गुबुन गुबुन हादरसापोराव दावबायगासिनो थायो। Research activities for development of simple control strategy on intestinal parasitic infections as well as training courses are also carried out by the division. बिबु सायाव मालाय जिबिनि बारदेरनायखौ गोरलैयै होबथानाय राहा जौगानायनि बिजिरखनायनि हाबाहुखा आरो फोरोंथाय फराफारिखौबो खोन्दोआ दैदेनो। Research activities on filariasis in collaboration with ICMR and WHO are planned, coordinated and evaluated from time to time to evolve a suitable control strategy. आइ,सि,एम,आर, आरो मुलुग सावस्रि गौथुमनि दैदेननायाव फाइलेरियानि सायाव बिजिरखनाय हाबा हुखाखौ मोनसे साबजाथाव होबथानायखौ गुस्लाय होनो सम सम बिथांखि, मदद आरो सुमोन्थाय खालामो। Routine and ongoing screening of foreign students and foreign tourists who come to India. भाताव फैनाय गुबुन हादरनि फरायसा आरो दावबायारि बिथांमोनखौ सायखनाय आरो नोजोर लाखिनाया सोलिगासिनो दं। Routine surveillance of various risk groups for HIV infections. एइस,आइ,भि, बारदेरनायनि गोबां दायगोनां फोलेरखौ समबादि नायदिंनाय जायो। Short duration training programmes are organized for state/ district level health officials in prevention and control of epidemic prone diseases like Japanese encephalitis,dengue, cholera, viral hepatitis, meningococcal meningitis etc. महामारि दखरा गोसारनाय बेराम जेरै जापानिस एनकेफेलाइटिस, देंगु, कलेरा मेनिन जायटिसखौ होबथानो हादरसा जिला थाखोनि सावस्रि बिबानगिरिनि थाखाय सुंद समनि फोरोंथायनि हाबाफारि खुंनाय जायो। Some of the important indexing and abstracting journals available in the library are Tropical Diseases Bulletin, Abstracts of Hygiene, Excerpta Medica (Immunology and Microbiology), Index Medicus (Monthly) and Helminthology Abstracts. बिजाब बाख्रियाव थानाय गांनैसो गोनां सिनायथि जानाय आरो फोरमायारि सानलाइसिफोरा जादों ट्रपिकेल दिजिस बुलेथिन, एबस्टेक हाइजिन, एबसेर्पटा मेदिका (इमिवनलजि आरो माइक्रबाइअलजि) इन्देक्स मेदिकास, (दानसेयारि) आरो हेलमिथलजि एब्सट्राक। Study of immune parameters of prognostic significance and determination of stage of illness thereby helping the clinicians also to find out response to therapy. इमिवन पारामिटरनि सिगां इसाराखौ मिथिनाय आरो जब्रा जानायनि थाखोखौ दिहुननो नायबिजिरनाया थेरापिनि गोनांथियावफाहामथायपोरखौ हेफाजाब खालामो। Study of immune profile in HIV infected / AIDS patients to monitor progression of disease and response to antirectroviral therapy. एइद्स बेरारि एबा एइस, आय,भि, बारदेरनायनि इमिवन प्रफाइल बिजिरनाया बेरामिखौ नोजोर लानाया दावगासिनो आरो एन्टिरेकट्रभाइरेल थेरापिनि गोनांथिखौ बांहोयो। Supply scientific and biological material to medical organisations for promotion of knowledge on communicable diseases and their control. बारदेरनाय बेरामनि सायाव गियान बांहोनो आरो बिसोरखौ होबथानो गोनोखो आरो बाइलजिकेल मुवाफोरखौ फाहामसालि फसंथान (गौथुम) फोरनो जगायो। Surveillance of some special risk groups of patients carried out from time to time e.g. Tuberculosis, Kala-azar, Leprosy, and Drugs Abusers, etc. मोननैसो जरखा दायगोनां बेरामि हानजाफोरनि सायाव सम सम नायदिंनाय जायो, जेरै टिउबारकलिसिस, काला जर, लेप्रसि, खुरिया आरो फेग्रा बेसाद बाहायगारनाय। The blood products of human origin to be used in humans are tested for HIV for Drug Controller General of India. भारतनि फेग्रा मुवा होबथाग्रा गाहायनि जानानै गुबै मानसिनि दिहुननाय थैखौ एइस,आय,भिनि थाखाय मानसिनियाव आनजाद नायनो बाहायनाय जायो। The broad Objectives and Functions of the NICD is to advise Government on issues related to prevention and control of communicable diseases in the country. बारदेरनाय बेरामनि हादरारि फसंथाननि गुवार थांखि आरो हाबाया जादों हादराव बारदेरनाय बेरामखौ होबथानाय आरो दैदेननायजों लोबबा गोनां आयदायाव सरखारनो बोसोन होनाय। The Center conducts 4-week training programme every year for paramedics from the countries of South East Asia Region in prevention and control of communicable diseases. बारदेरनाय बेरामखौ होबथानाय आरो दैदेननो खोला सानजा एसिया ओनसोलनि हादरफोरखौ लानानै पेरामेदिक्सनि सायाव बे मिरुवा बोसोरफ्रोमबो ब्रै सप्टा फोरोंथाय हाबाफारि खुङो। The Center imparts training to WHO fellows from outside and within the countries in the field of epidemiology. महामारिनि फोथाराव हादरनि बायह्रा आरो इसिंनिफ्राय फैनाय मुलुगनां सावस्रि फसंथाननि थान्दैफोरखौ मिरुवा आखा-फाखा फोरोंथाय होयो। The Central Animal House provides laboratory to various divisions of NICD and also to other Government, Semi Govt. and Private Institutions. मिरु जुनार न जगायनाय न जादसालिया गोबां म्दल आरो गुबुन सरखारि फिसा फसंथान आरो गावारि फसंथानफोरनोबो आनजादसालिनि खाबु होयो। The Division carries out experimental and community based research studies to elucidate information on epidemiological, entomological, serological and chemotherapeutic aspects of lymphatic filariasis for the effective control of the diseases. मन्दलफोराव इपिदेमिवलजिकेल (महामारि) इन्टमल’जिकेल(एम्फौ-एनला) सेर’लजिकेलनि सायाव मोननाय खासिथिखौ रोखा खालामनो फोरमानारि आरो हारिसायारि बिथानि सायाव बिजिरखनाय नायसंनाय खालामो आरो बेरामखौ होबथानो थाखाय लिमफेटिक फाइलेरियानि केमथेरापटिक राहा खालामो। The division has a Central Survey Team which monitors transmission of filariasis in the known non-endemic areas of the country and also undertakes surveys in the endemic areas on request from States/ Union Territories and other organisations. खोन्दोआव मोनसे मिरुवारि नायथिनाय हानजा दं जाय हादरनि मिथिमोनै ओनसोलाव जाफ्लेबाय थानाय फाइलेरियानि गोसारनायखौ नोजोर लाखियो आरो हादरसा, मिरुजों बेंजानाय आरो गुबुन गुबुन गौथुमफोरनि खावलायनायाव थानाय दखराखौबो नायथिंनो लायो। The Division is the focal point for planning, guiding, Coordinating and evaluating the implementation of the Guinea Worm Eradication Programme (GWEP) in the seven endemic States viz., Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu as well as non-endemic states throughout the country. गं 7 जाफ्लेबाय थानाय हादरसा जेरै राजस्थान मध्यप्रदेस, कनटिका, महारास्ट्र, गुजराट, अन्ध्रप्रदेस, टामिलनाडु आरो हादरनाङै जाफ्ेबाय थानाय हादरसाफोराव गिनियावर्म इरादिकेसन हाबाफारिखौ मावफुंसारनायाव सुमोन्थाय, हेफाजाब होनाय, बिथोन होनाय आरो बिथांखि दानायनि थाखाय खोन्दोआ गाहाय थावनि। The division is the focal point for two national health programmes viz. National Surveillance Programme for Communicable Diseases and Yaws Eradication Programme in India. मोननै हादरारि सावस्रि हाबाफारि जेरै हारिमायारि नायदिंनाय हाबाफारि बारदेरनाय बेरामनि थाखाय आरो भारताव याअस इरादिकेसन हाबाफारिनिबो गाहाय थावनिया जादों खोन्दोआनो। The Division maintains three cold rooms for storage of HIV test kits. एइस, आइ,भि, आनजादखौ दोन्थुमनो थाखाय खोन्दोआव मोन्थाम सुहाबनाय खथा सामलायो। The Division of AIDS has been identified as Nodal Institution by National AIDS Control Organisation, Government of India to carry out this activity. बेफोरबादि हाबाखौ मावफुंनो थाखाय एइद्सनि खोन्दोखौ भारत सरखारनि हारिमायारि एइद्स होबथानाय फसंथाना दालाय फसंथान महरै सिनायथिदों। The division of AIDS was established at National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) in the year 1995. एइद्सनि खोन्दोखौ हादोरारि बारदेरनाय बेराम फसंतानाव 1995 माइथायाव गायसनदोंमोन। The Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology is actively involved in disease diagnosis during epidemics and outbreak, operational research, manpower development, advisory role and other multifarious activities towards prevention and control of a cascade of epidemic-prone disease of larger public health importance. बाइअकेमेस्ट्रि आरो बाइअटेक्नलजि खोन्दोआ महामारि बेराम गोसारनाय समाव बेराम सिनायनायाव गोख्रोङै मुखुब दंमोन, अपारेसनेल बिजिरसंनाय, मानसि गोहो जौगानाय, बोसोनारि बिफाव आरो गोबां सुबुं अनजिमानि सावस्रिनि गोनांथियाव दै बाज्रुम बादि साग्लोबनाया महामारि बेराम ओनसोलाव होबथानो आरो दैदेननाय बांमोखाङारि हाबा-हुखाखौबो सामलायो। The Division provides technical support to the states health authorities in undertaking investigation of disease outbreaks as and when requested. खोन्दोआ बेराम सोमजिनायखौ नायसंनो आरो खावलायनाय बादि हादरसा सावस्रि खुंथायनो बिरोंदामिनारि मदद खालामो। The expansion received a fillip in 1963, when the activities of Malaria Institute of India were expanded and reorganised and it was renamed as NICD. जेब्ला भारतनि मेलेरिया फसंथाननि हाबाखौ फेहेरनानै गोदानै दानाय जादोंमोन आरो बेनि मुंखौ गोदानै एन,आइ,सि,दि, मुङै होदोंमोन 1963 माइथायाव फेहेरनाया मोनसे सिगां बिफाव जादोंमोन। The experts at AIDS Division provide counseling for HIV positive individuals. एइद्स खोन्दोनि रोंगौसाफोरा एइस,आइ,भि पजितिब सुबुंफोरनो काउन्सिलिं होयो। The former Filariology division was expanded and renamed as Helminthology Division in 1980. सिगांनि फाइलेरिअल’जि खोन्दोखौ फेहेरनाय जादोंमोन आरो 1980 आव हेल्मिन्थल’जि खोन्दो होनना गोदान मुं होदोंमोन। The important outbreaks investigated during 2000 are cholera in IIT Delhi campus; JE in Andhra Pradesh, Assam and Bihar; leptospirosis in Mumbai, malaria in Betul, Madhya Pradesh, encephalitis in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh. 2000 माइथायनि समाव गोनां बेराम साग्लोबसारनायनि नायसंनाया जादोंमोन दिल्लिनि आइ,आइ,टि केम्पासनि कलेरा, अन्ध्रप्रदेसाव जे,इ, आसाम आरो बिहार, मुम्बायाव लेप्टसपिर’सिस, मध्यप्रदेसनि बेटुलाव मेलेरिया उत्तर प्रदेसनि साहारापुराव एनकेफेलिटिस The Institute provides support to the various National Health Programmes and Disease Surveillance activities through research expert advice and operational activities. फसंथाना गोबां हादरारि सावस्रि हाबाफारि आरो बेराम नोजोरथिनाय हाबायाव बिजिरख रोंगौसाफोरनि बोसोन आरो मावपुङारि हाबा हुखाजों मदद खालामो। The investigations include CD4/CD8 count, study of Th1 /Th2 specific cytokine profile, p24 antigen assay, serum estimation of neopterin and Beta-2 microglobulin and viral load assay. नायसंनायाव दंफायोमोन सिदि 4/ सिदि 8/ सायखनाय टि एइस1 टि एइस2/ नि गुबै साइटकिन प्रफाइलखौ नायबिजिरनाय पि 24 एन्टिजेननि गुन, निउपटारिन आरो बेटा- 2 माइक्रग्लबुलिन आरो भाइरेल लोद आखुनि सेराम इस्टिमेसन खालामनाय। The library also obtains reprints on research papers for research workers of the Institute. बिजाब बाख्रियाव फसंथाननि बिजिरसंनाय मावथिफोरनि थाखाय फिनसेबआखंनाय बिजिरसंनाय लिरबिदांखौ मोननाय जायो। The library facilities continued to expand with the increased activities and the renaming as Malaria Institute of India (MII). बिजाब बाख्रिया बांलांनाय हाबा-हुखाजों लोगोसे फेहेरलांनायनि खाबुखौ होगासिनो थायो आरो भारतनि मेलेरिया फसंथान मुङै गोदान मुं होनाय जादों। The library has a total of 29825 books and bound journals, 251 maps, 89 photocopies on various subjects and about 1276 annual reports from various organisations. बिजाब बाख्रियाव गासै गां 29825 बिजाब आरो सुजुनाय लाइसि दं , गां 251 मानसावगारि, गोबां आयदानि गां 89 फटकपि आरो गोबां गौथुमफोरनिफ्राय मोननाय गां 1276 बोसोरारि फोरमान बिलाइ बिदां दं। The Library is having up to date literature on all the vector-borne diseases, communicable diseases and related aspects viz. Bacteriology, Parasitology, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Mycology, Biochemistry, Immunology etc. गासैबो भेक्टर गाहाय बेरामफोर, बारदेरनाय बेरामफोर, बेक्टेरियल’जि, पेरासिटलजि, माइक्रबाअलजि, बारदेरनाय बेरामफोर, माइकलजि, बाइअकेमिस्ट्रि, इमुन’ल’जि बायदिखौ लानानै बिजाब बाख्रियाव जौगा थाखोनि थुनलाइ दं। The library maintains adequate stocks of reprints of a large number of papers and articles published in Indian Journal of Malariology and Journal of Communicable Diseases for supply to research workers in the country and abroad and participants to different courses at NICD. हादरारि बारदेरनाय बेराम फसंथानाव गुबुन गुबुन आयदायाव हादर आरो बायह्रानिफ्राय बाहागो लाफैग्रा आरो बिजिरसंनाय मावथिफोरनो जगायनो थाखाय भरतारि सानमालाइसि मेलेरिअलजि आरो बारदेरनाय बेरामनि सायाव फोसाव जानाय गोबां अनजिमानि लेखा आरो रायथायफोरनि फिन सेबखांनायनि थोजासे थुबिलखौ बिजाब बाख्रियाव मोननाय जायो। The main objective of the National Surveillance Programme is capacity building at district and state levels. हादरारि नोजोरथिंनाय हाबाफारिनि गाहाय थांखिया जादों जिला आरो हादरसा थाखोआव हारोंथाय दानाय। The National Institute of Communicable Disease (NICD) was also entrusted the task of developing reliable rapid economic epidemialogical tools which could be effectively applied in the field for the control of communicable diseases. हादरारि बारदेरनाय बेराम फसंथाना थाबै आरो गोरलैयैनो सोखनो हानाय महामारि बेरामनि आगजु जौगा होनाय हाबानिबो बिबान होयो जायखौ बारदेरनाय बेरामखौ दबथायनो थाखाय दखरायाव फिथाय गोनाङै बाहायनो हायो। The National Institute of Communicable Disease (NICD) was envisaged to act as a centre par excellence for providing multi disciplinary and integrated expertise in the control of communicable disease. हादरारि बारदेरनाय बेरामनि फसंथाना बारदेरनाय बेरामनि दबथायनाय बेलायाव बांमोखाङारि आयदा आरो बादायलु महरै खामानि मावनायनि बिथांखि गोसोआवनो लादोंमोन The National Institute of Communicable Disease (NICD) was established on July 30, 1963, subsequent to the decision of the Government of India to expand and reorganise the activities of the Malaria Institute of India (MII) which remained in existence under different names since its inception in 1909. हादरारि बारदेरनाय बेरामनि फसंथानखौ 1963 माइथायनि 30 जुलायाव गायसनदोंमोन, उनाव भारत सरखारा भारतनि मेलेरिया फसंथाननि हाबा-हुखाखौ फिन दानाय आरो फेहेरनायनि थाखि आजावदोंमोन जाय 1909 माइथायनि गिबि समनिफ्राय बायदि बायदि मुङै सोलिबोदोंमोन। The NICD Library came into being in 1909 along with the establishment of the Central Malaria Bureau at Kasauli (Himachal Pradesh). हिमासल प्रदेसनि कासावलियाव मिरुवारि मेलेरिया बिउर’खौ गायसननाय लोगोसे1909 माइथायाव हादरारि बारदेरनाय बेरामनि फसंथाननि बिजाब बाख्रिया बाहाय जादोंमोन। The objectives of the National Institute of Communicable Disease (NICD) broadly cover three activities viz., training, service and operational research in the field of communicable diseases and their prevention and control in the country. बारदेरनाय बेराम आरो हादराव बेफोरखौ होबथानाय आरो दैदेननाय बेलायाव हादरारि बारदेरनाय बेरामनि फसंथाननि थांखिया गाहायै मोनथाम खामानिजों साग्लोबनानै दं जेरै फोरोंनाय, सिबिथाय आरो अपारेसनेल बिजिरसंनाय। The programme is being implemented by the state health authorities utilizing the existing health infrastructure by strengthening of surveillance system through training of the medical and paramedical personnel, up-gradation of laboratories, and development of rapid communication and data processing system. फाहामसालि आरो पारामेदिकेल बिबानगिरिफोरखौ फोरोंथाय होनायनि गेजेरजों आनजादसालिफोरखौ सोदांनानै, फोनांजाबथाय आरो दाटा फारि साजायनाय राहाखौ गोख्रों जौगाहोनानै आरो नोजोरथिंनाय राहाखौ गोख्रों खालामनानै सोलिनाय सावस्रि इसिं दाथायपोरखौ बाहायनानै बे हाबाफारिखौ हादरसा सावस्रि खुंथायनि गेजेरजों बाहायफुंनाय जादों। The programme is being implemented in nine endemic states by the local health authorities. गासै मोन गु जाफ्लेबाय थानाय महामारि हादरसायाव जायगानि सावस्रि खुंथायजों हाबाफारिखौ बाहायनाय जादों। The programme is envisaged to cover 100 districts in phased manner by the end of 9th five-year plan period. गुथि बा बोसोरारि बिथांखिनि जोबनाय समसिम खोन्दो खोन्दो गसै मोन 100 जिलाफोराव हाबाफारिखौ मावपुंनो थांकि लादोंमोन। The programme is in operation in selected districts as a pilot project. हाबाफारिनि मावफुंनायखौ सायखनाय जिलाफोराव पाइलट प्रजेक्ट महरै बाहायनाय जादों। The reorganised Institute was established to develop a national centre for teaching and research in various disciplines of epidemiology and control of communicable diseases. महामारिनि गोबां आयदायाव आरो बारदेरनाय बेरामखौ होबथानो आरो फोरोंथाय आरो बिजिरसंनायनि थाखाय हादोरारि मिरुखौ जौगाहोनो दाथाय फसंथानखौ गायसनदोंमोन। The strategy as worked out by National Institute of Communicable Diseases is active detection and treatment of cases and close contacts. हादोरारि बारदेरनाय बेरामनि फसंथानजों मावफुंनो लानाय राहाया गोख्रों मोन्दांनाय आरो फाहामताय होनाय आरो खाथि सोमोन्दोआव लाबोदों। The various categories of persons having different risk behaviours, who report to NICD for HIV testing are given pre-test, post test and continuum of counseling, as per individual case merit. एन,आइ,सि,दि,आव मिथिनाय बायदि गुबुन गुबुन दाय गोनां आखुथाय गोबां थाखोनि सुबुंफोरनो एइस,आइ,भि, फोरोंथायनि थाखाय सिगां आनजाद, उजेर आनजाद आरो सुबुंनि बेरामखौ नायनानै काउनसिलिं होगासिनो थायो। There are three Regional Fialria Training and Research Centres (RFT and RC) functioning at Calicut in Kerala, Rajamundry in Andhra Pradesh and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. दासान्दि केरेलानि कालिकाट, अन्ध्रप्रदेसनि राजामुन्द्रि, आरो उत्तरप्रदेसनि बारानसियाव खामानि मावगासिनो थानायखौ लानानै दाबथाम ओनसोलारि फाइलेरिया फोरोंथाय आरो बिजिरसं मिरु दं। There is a NGO run Voluntary Testing and Counseling Center in the Division, which is funded by National AIDS Control Organisation, Government of India. गाव गोसो जानानै आनजाद आरो काउनसिलिं होनाय मोनसे सरखारि नङै फसंथान बे खोन्दोआँ दं जायनो भारत सरखारनि हारिमायारि एइदस् होबथानाय फसंथाना थुबिल जगायो। These animals are supplied by the Central Animal House to various Divisions of NICD for different experimental purposes, white mice Zoonosis Rabies, mouse inoculation test and preparation of antigen used for rabies. गुबुन गुबुन फोरमानारि हाबानि थाखाय, गुफुर एनजर जुनासिस, राबिस, माउस इनकुलेसन आनजाद आरो राबिसाव बाहायनो एन्टिजेन थियारि खालामनो बेफोर जुनातफोरखौ एन,आइ,सि,दि,नि गोबां खोन्दोआव मिरु जुनात न जगायहरो। Training courses for filarial control are regularly arranged at the three branches to increase trained personnel in National Filaria Control Programme. हादरारि फाइलेरिया होबथानाय हाबाफारियाव फोरोंथाय मोननाय सुबुंखौ बांहोनो फाइलेरिया होबथानायनि फोरोंथाय आयदाफारिखौ मोन्थाम दालायाव जेब्लाबो खुंफुंगासिनो थायो। Training courses on GWEP for health officials and public health engineers are also organized. जि, दब्लिव, इ,पि,नि सायाव सावस्रि बिबानगिरि आरो सुबुं सावस्रि बिरोंदामिनगिरिफोरनि थाखाय फोरोंथाय आयदा खुंनाय जादों। Training for medical and supportive personnel from all over India in the field of laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection and biosafety. एइस,आइ,भि, बारदेरनाय आरो बाइअसेफ्टि आनजाद बेराम सिनायनायनि सायाव गासै भारतनाङै फैनाय फाहामसालि आरो लोगो मददगिरि बिबानगिरिफोरनोबो फोरोंथाय होनाय जायो। Visits to different states to evaluate HIV surveillance programmes. एइस,आइ,भि, नायदिणाय हाबाफारिखौ सुमोन्थाय होनो गुबुन गुबुन हादरसाफोराव दावबायो। Yaws is a severe disfiguring and disabilitating non-venreal treponemal infection and problem is perpetuating in remote inaccessible hilly and forest tribal pockets in India. आथोनारि नङाब्लाबो बिगुरनि बेराम याअसआ ट्रेपनेमल बारदेरनायनि जोहै गोख्रों महर गोयै आरो लोरबां खालामो आरो बे जेनाया भरतनि गोथौ गोजान थांसयै हाजोआरि ट्राइबेल ओनसोलाव रोदा सुनानै दं। 315.11 million people residing in rural areas and 113.18 million residing in the urban areas are at risk of lymphatic filariasis. 315.11 मिलियन सुबुंफोरा गामि ओनसोलाव थायो आरो 113.18 मिलियन सुबुंफोरा नोगोर ओनसोलाव थायो जायफोरखौ लिमफेथिक फाइलेरियानि थाखाय बिबान लानांगौ दं। A book titled guinea worm disease in India has now been printed by Helminthology Division of NICD Delhi and is due to release. दिल्लिनि एन,आइ,सि,डि,नि हेलमिन्थलजि मन्दला भारतनि गिनिया एम्फौ बेराम मुङै गांसे बिजाब सेबखांबाय आरो थि समाबनो बेखेवनानै होदों। A meeting was organised on 8.1.2000 in Vigyan Bhawan to mark the Eradication of Guinea Worm Disease from India. भारतनिफ्राय गिनिया अर्म बेरामखौ फोजोबस्रांनायनि थांखियै नै रोजा माइथायनि दाइन जानुवारियाव बिञान भबनाव मोनसे जथुम्मा खुंदोंमोन। A National Commission for Certification of Guinea Worm Eradication was set up by the Ministry of Health and Family welfare. सावस्रि आरो नखर अनसाय मन्ट्रि बिफाननि हेफाजाबै गिनिया अर्म फोजोब स्रांनायनि फोरमानलाइनि थाखाय मोनसे हादरारि आयोग दादोंमोन। A national workshop to formulate a revised strategy for control of lymphatic filariasis was organised at Delhi in January 1996. लिमफोटिक फाइलेरिया होबथानायनि थाखाय फिन सोलो रनसायनायखौ फोरमुलेट खालामनो 1996नि जानुवारियाव दिल्लियाव मोनसे हादरारि अर्कसप खुंनाय जादोंमोन। A protocol was developed to study the operational feasibility and outcome of the intervention. अपारेसनेल गोरलैथि आरो मावनो लानायनि फिथायखौ बिजिरनायनि थाखाय मोनसे प्रटकल जौगाहोनाय जादोंमोन। A total of 110 surveys have been undertaken in various states of the country. हादरनि गोबां हादरसाफोराव गासै मोन 110सार्भे खालामनायनि राहा आजावदोंमोन। A total of 3837 samples were collected from 96 schools in 7 ecological regions/zones (4 urban, 6 rural and 1 each from tribal and non – tribal communities). मोन 7 मिथिंबायारि थासारि एबा ओनसोलनि गं96 फरायसालिनिफ्राय गासै मोन 3837 सेम्पल बुथुमदोंमोन,(मोन 4 नोगोर ओनसोल,मोन 6 गामि ओनसोल आरो मोनसेयै ट्राइबेल आरो ट्राइबेल नङै हारिसा) निफ्राय। About 120 million people estimated to be infected to lymphatic filariasis throughout the globe, India contributes to around 39 percent of the global problem. गासै मुलुगनाङै 120 मिलियन सुबुंफोरा लिमफोटिक फाइलेरियाजों बारदेरजादों होन्ना सान्नाय जादों आरो भारताव 39 जौखोन्दोबे मुलुगनां जेंनायाव बिहोमा होदों। According to the last estimates as of 31 December 1996, 428.28 million people living in 18 endemic states and union territories in India. 1996नि 31 दिसेम्बरनि जोबथा साभाइबायदिब्ला, भारताव गासै 428.28 सुबुंफोरा गं 18 जाफ्लेबाय थानाय हादरसा आरो मिरुजों बेंजानाय ओनसोलफोराव थायो। All along the programme the progress was evaluated by independent experts. गासै हाबाफारिनि दावगानायनि सुमोन्थाइखौ उदां रोंगौसाफोरा दिहुनो। Apart from loss in productivity during the acute attacks of lymphangitis, there is an estimated 60% loss in productivity of chronic filaria patients resulting in economic loss. लिमफोनजाइटिसनि गोख्रों साग्लोबनाय समाव दिहुन्नायाव खहा जानायनि अनगाबो क्रमिक फाइलेरियायाव 60 जौखोन्दो दिहुन्नायाव खहा जादों होन्ना साननाय जादों जाउनाव राङारिनिबो खहा जादों। Arboviruses Laboratory provides laboratory support for investigation of outbreaks of JE and Dengue in the country. एरब भाइरासेस लेबरेटरिया हादराव जे,इ,आरो डेंगु गोसारनायखौ नायसंनायनि थाखाय आनजादसालि मदद खालामो। Arboviruses Laboratory provides serological diagnosis of arboviral infections like JE, Dengue, WN and Chikungunya. एर्बभाइरासेस आनजादसालिया एर्ब भाइरेल बारदेरनाय जेरै जे,इ, देंगु, दब्लिउ, एन बेराम सिनायनायनि खाबु होयो। Arboviruses Laboratory undertakes standardization of advanced laboratory techniques for use in serological diagnosis. एर्ब भाइरासेस लेबरेटरिया सेरलजिकेल बाराम सिनायनायाव बाहायनो जौगा आनजादसालि आदबखौ गोजौ मानगोनाङै आजावो। China, India and Indonesia account for about two thirds of the total estimated infected persons. सिन,भारत,आरो इन्दनेसियाव गासै-नै-थाम बाहागो सुबुंखौ बारदेरनाय होनना साननाय जादों। Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito breeds in sewage and in unsanitary conditions. किउलेक्स कुइनकिउफेस्कियाटास थाम्फैया दिमोल दै आरो साखोन नङै थासारियाव बिदै दैयो। Currently the work is being carried out on following Zoonotic diseases: Plague, Rabies, Kala-azar, Arboviral infections, Toxoplasmosis, Brucellosis, Leptospirosis, Rickettsiosis, Hydatidosis, Neurocysticercosis and Anthrax. दासान्दि सिङाव होनाय जुनटिक बेराम, प्लेग, राबिस, कालाजर, एर्ब भाइरेल बारदेरनाय टक्सप्लासमसिस, ब्रुसेलसिस, लेप्टस्पिर’सिस, रिकेतसिवसिस, हाइदेटिदसिस, निउर’साइटिसारकसिस आरो एन्थ्राक्सनि सायाव खामानि मावगासिनो दं। Division of Helminthology in the National Institute of Communicable diseases, Delhi has been undertaking conventional surveys in the various parts of the country since 1968. दिल्लियाव थानाय हादरारि बारदेरनाय बेराम फसंथाननि हेलमिन्थलजि डिभिजन हादरनि दाब दाब जायगायाव दोरोङारि सार्भेखौ 1968 माइथायनिफ्रायनो खालामबोदों। During 1996 nine guinea worm cases have been recorded in three villages of Jodhpur District (Rajasthan), all of which were adequately contained. 1996 नि समाव राजास्थाननि जडपुर जिललानि गंथाम गामियाव मोन९ गिनिया अर्मनि फोरमान मोननाय जादों जेराव गासैखौबो थोजासे मोननाय जादोंमोन। Encouraged with the success of "Small-pox Eradication", the Ministry of Health and F.W., Govt., of India launched the National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme (GWEP) in 1983-84. फिसा आइ सोखानायाव देरहासारनायजों थुलुंगानानै भारत सोरकारनि सावस्रि आरो नखर अनसाइ मन्ट्रि बिफाना1983-84 माइथायाव हादरारि गिनिया अर्म सोखानाय हाबा फारिखौ बान्जायदोंमोन। Eradication of GW disease from India will be another major national achievement of recent time. भारतनिफ्राय गिनिया अर्म बेराम सोखानाया बावैसो समनि गुबुन मोनसे हादरारि जाफुंसारनाय। Establishment of new control units in urban endemic areas. नोगोर ओनसोलनि महामारि जाफ्लेबाय थानाय ओनसोलनि गोदान होबथानाय दालाय गायसननाय। Evaluation of the DEC coverage and compliance during MDD, from 1996 to 1998 through health services indicated that only half of the targeted populations have actually consumed the drug. 1996 निफ्राय 1998 सिम एम, डि, डिनि बिबान फालिनाय आरो डि, इ, सि, सरजाब देरनायनि समान सावस्रि सिबिथायनि सुमोन्थाया फोरमायो दिहुननानै लानाय खावसे सुबुं अनजिमायासो मुलि बाहायो। Filaria unit may be established in a town with minimum 20,000 people and percent mf. Rate. खसैबो 20,000सुबुं थानाय दाबसे टाउन आरो एमएफ जौखोन्दो हाराव फाइलेरिया इउनिटखौ गाइसननो हायो। For isolation of the Dengue, JE virus the laboratory has facilities of C6/36 cell lines and vero cell lines. डेंगु,जे,इ खौ फोजोबस्रानो लेबरेटरियाव सि-6 एबा 36 सेलाइन आरो भेर’ सेलाइननि खाबु दं। High prevalence of intestinal parasite infections is closely correlated with poverty, poor environmental hygiene and impoverished health services. बिबु सायाव मालाय जिउमा बारदेरनाय बांद्राय गोसारनाया निखाउरि,गेबें नङै सावस्रि आबहावा थासारि सावस्रि सिबिथायजों खाथि सोमोन्दो दं। In 1996 Govt. of India started a pilot project of annual mass DEC chemotherapy through celebration of National Filaria Day in 13 districts. 1996 माइथायाव भारत सोरकारा मोन 13जिलायाव हादरारि फाइलेरिया सान खुंनायनि गेजेरजों सुबुंनि जेराव बोसोरारि डि, इ, सिकेमोथेरापिनि पाइलट प्रजेक्ट जागायदोंमोन। In order to cover rural population, the NFCP should be integrated with Primary Health Centres. गामियारि सुबुंफोरखौ सरजाबदेरनो थाखाय एन,एफ,सि,पिखौ गुदि सावस्रि मिरुफोरजों जाफुं होनाया मोजां। India the predominant form of lymphatic filariasis is due to W. bancrofti transmitted by the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito. भारताव किउलेक्स कुइनकिउफेस्कियाटास थाम्फैजों दाब्लिउ बेंकफाटि गोसार होनायनि थाखायनो लिमफेटिक फाइलेरियाया सिगांनिफ्रायनो गाहायै साग्लोबबो दों। Intestinal parasitic infections are widespread and highly prevalent but also relatively easy to control. बिबुसानि मालाय जिउसा बारदेरनाया गुवारै आरो गोख्रै गोसारो नाथाय दबथायनोबो गोरलै जायो। Leishmania Laboratory has facilities for both parasitological and serological diagnosis. लैसमानिया आनजादसालियाव पेरासिटलजिकेल आरो सेरलजिकेल बेराम सिनायनाय मोननैनिबो खाबु दं। Leishmania Laboratory is constantly engaged in development of rapid field tests or the diagnosis of kala-azar. लैसमानिया आनजादसालिया गोख्रै दखरा आनजाद एबा काला आजार बेराम सिनायनायनि जौगानायाव दिदोमै मुखुब थायो। Leishmania Laboratory is engaged in isolation, cryopreservation and maintenance of Leishmania strains. लैसमानिया आनजादसालिया फोजोबस्रांनाय, क्राइअप्रिसार भेसन आरो लैसमानिया स्ट्रैन्सकौ दैदेनो। Leishmania Laboratory is self sufficient in preparation and standadisation of antigen and reagents for serological procedures like ELISA, DOT-ELISA, IFA and CIEP. लैसमानिया आनजादसालिया सेरलजिकेल फारि साजायनाय जेरै ELISA, DOT, ELISA, IFA आरो CIEPएन्टिजेन आरो रिएजेन्टनि मानगोनां आरपथियारि खालामनायाव गावनो थोजासे। Leishmania Laboratory provides consultation services for the treatment of kala-azar patients. लैसमानिया आनजादसालिया काला आजार बेरामिफोरनि फाहामथाय होनो सावरायनां सिबिथाय होयो। Leishmania Laboratory provides diagnostic services to all Hospitals and Dispensaries in Delhi. लैसमानिया आनजादसालिया दिल्लिनि गासै फाहामसालि आरो दिस्पेनसारिफोराव बेराम सिनायनाय सिबिथाय होयो। Leishmania Laboratory provides laboratory support for investigation of various outbreaks in the country. हादराव गोबां रोखोमनि बेराम बेरखांनायखौ नायसंनायाव लैसमानिया आनजादसालिया आनजादसालिनि हेफाजाब होयो। Leishmania Laboratory supplies antigen on request to other laboratories in India as well as to other countries like Nepal. लैसमानिया आनजादसालिया भारतनि गुबुन गुबुन आनजादसालिफोरजों लोगोसे गुबुन हादर नेपालावबो खावलायनाय बाइदि एन्टिजेन जगायो। Lymphatic filariasis is a gruesome disease affecting mankind since antiquity. लिमफेटिक फाइलेरियाया गोदो समनिफ्रायनो मानसि हारिखौ खहा खालामबोनाय गिलु बालु बेराम। Lymphatic filariasis is a major public health problem in China, India and Indonesia. लिमफेटिक फाइलेरियाया सिन भारत आरो इन्दनेसियानि मोनसे गाहाइ सुबुं सावस्रि जेंना। Lymphatic filariasis is caused by one of the parasites Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, or Brugia timori. लिमफेटिक फाइलेरियाया मोनसे मालाय जिउसा उसेरिया बेंक्रफ्टि, ब्रुगिया मालायि,एबा ब्रुगिया टाइमरिनिफ्राय सोमजोयो। Malayan filariasis was confined to the rural pockets in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Assam. मालायन फाइलेरियाखौ अन्ध्रप्रदेस, उरिस्या, मध्यप्रदेस,केराला, सोनाबबंग, टामिलनाडु,आरो आसाम हादरसानि गामियारि ओनसोलाव गादबनानै लाखिनाय जादों। Morbidity management facility has been established at three NICD branches at Varanasi, Calicut and Rajahamundry. बेरामि सैनांनाय सुंथाय खाबुखौ NICDनि मोनथाम दालाय बारानसि, कालिकाट, आरो राजामुन्दियाव गाइसनदोंमोन। More than a billion people are at risk of the filarial parasite worms. से बिलियननिबो बांसिन सुबुंफोरा फाइलेरिया मालाइ जिउसा फिलौनिफ्राय गिनांगौमोन। NFCP should be made 100 percent centrally sponsored scheme. हादरारि फाइलेरिया होबथाग्रा हाबाफिरिया 100जौखोन्दो मानो मिरुआ दैदेननाय बिथांखि जानाय मोजां। NICD’s three branches designated as the Regional Filaria Training and Research Centres (RFTandRC) located at Calicut (Kerala), Rajahmundry (Andhra pradesh) and Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh). हादरारि बारदेरग्रा बेरामनि फसंथाननि मोनथाम दालाय केरेलानि कालिकाट, अन्ध्रप्रदेसनि राजामुन्द्रि आरो उत्तरप्रदेसनि बारानसि दालायखौ रिजिअनेल फाइलेरिया ट्रेनिं एन्द रिसार्स सेन्टार महरै गोदान बिमुं होदों। Of the 49 million infected individuals in India, over twenty million people suffer from chronic forms of filariasis. भारताव गासै 49 मिलियन इनफेक्टेट सुबुंनि मादाव नैजि मिलियननिबो बांसिन मानसिफोरा क्रमिक महरनि फाइलेरियाजों नाख्रेब जानाय। On the basis of ICT report, India was declared as Guinea Worm disease free country. आइ,सि,टि फोरमाय बिदांनि बादिब्ला भारतखौ गिनिया अर्म बेरामनिफ्राय उदां हादर होनना फोसावदोंमोन। Prevalence of the intestinal parasitic infections was found to vary from 22.8% in Puri district, Orissa to 78% in urban slum localities of Calcutta, West Bengal. बिबुसायाव मालाय जिउसा बारदेरनायनि गोसारग्लांनायखौ पुरि जिललायाव 22.8% उरिस्यायाव 78% निफ्राय सोनाब बंगनि कलकात्तानि गोग्लैसोनाय नोगोर ओनसोलावबो फाराग नुनो मोनो। Project on eradication of Brugia malayi infection which is feasible may be launched in 1996. ब्रुगिया मालायि बारदेरनाय सोखानाय प्रजेक्टआ गोर्लैमोनब्लाबो 1996 माइथायावनो दैदेन नांगौमोन। Pyrethrum extract 2% can also be supplied to Filaria towns recording high malaria cases to tackle Malaria transmission. मेलेरिया गोसारनायखौ होबथानो बंद्राइ मेलेरिया गोनांखौ मिथिनानै फाइलेरिया टाउनसिम पाइरेथ्राम एक्सट्रेक्ट 2% खौबो जगायनो हायो। Pyrethrum extract can also be provided to NFCP towns by the centre as per Urban Malaria Scheme to stop transmission. गासारनायखौ बन्द खालामनो नोगोरारि मेलेरिया बिथांखिनि मिरुजों एन,एफ,सि,पि टाउनसिमबो पाइरेथ्रामन इसट्रेक्टखौ जगायनो हायो। Rabies Laboratory carries out isolation and characterisation of virus from samples of suspected rabid animals. राबिस आनजादसालिया सन्देह गोनां फाग्ला जुनातफोरनिफ्राय भाइरासनि सेम्पल लानानै आलादा खालामनायजों लोगोसे आखु थायखौ दिहुननो। Rabies Laboratory is functioning as WHO Collaborative Centre for Rabies epidemiology for SEA Region since 1985. राबिस लेबरेटारियो 1985 निफ्राय SEAओनसिलनि राबिस महामारिनि थाखाय मुलुगनां सावस्रि फसंथाननि बान्जाय जानाय मिरु महरै खामानि मावबोदों। Rabies Laboratory provides diagnostic services to the public and veterinary hospitals for diagnosis of rabies in animals. राबिस आनजादसालिरिया जुनाटफोरनाव राबिस थानायनि बेराम सिनायनायनि थाखाय राइजोआरि आरो जुनाट फाहामसालिफोराव बेराम सिनायनाय सिबिथाय होयो। Seroconversion studies are being carried out after pre and post-exposure prophylaxis both in human and animals. सेर’कनभारसन बिजिरनायखौ प्रफिलेक्सिस नुजानायनि सिगां आरो उनाव मानसि आरो जुनाट मोननैयावबो खालामनाय जायो। Since 1990 a total of 16 surveys have been undertaken in 14 states. 1990निफ्राय गं 14 हादरसायाव गासै मोन 14 सार्भे खालामनाय जादोंमोन। Survey unit should be engaged for resurvey of the old surveyed districts if routine survey has been completed. समफारिलाइ सार्भेया आबुं जाबायब्ला गोजाम सार्भे खालाम जानाय जिलाफोराव फिन सार्भेनि थाखाय सार्भे इउनिटफोरा मुखब जानाया मोजां। Surveys were planned in co-ordination with the respective state/district health officials in the high-risk localities of the survey areas. बांद्राय दायगोनां जायगाफोरनि सार्भे ओनसोलाव मुंखनाय हादरसा एबा जिल्ला सावस्रि बिबानगिरि फोरजों हेफाजाब लानानै सार्भेनि बिथांखि लानांगौ। The activities of the programme were reviewed by appointed. हाबाफारिनि हाबाहुखाखौ थिसन जानाय बिबानगिरिफोरजों फिन बिजिरनांगौ। The brugian filariasis is limited to only few pockets in India and is transmitted by the Mansonioides group of mosquitoes. ब्रुगियान फाइलेरियाया भारटाव दाबनैसो जायगायावल दं आरो मेनसनियदेस हानजानि थाफ्मैजों बेयो गोसारो। The central organization for research and training of filariasis is in the Helminthology Division of National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD), Delhi फाइलेरियानि बिजिरसं आरो फोरोंथायनि मिरुवारि गौथुमा दिल्लिनि हादरारि बारदेरनाय बेराम फसंथाननि हेलमिन्थलजि खोन्दोआव दं। The Commission comprised of eight highly experienced independent experts in the field of Public Health drawn from across the country and the Director and Joint Director and Head (Helminthology) of the National Institute of Communicable Diseases. आय'गा हादरारि दाब दाब जायगानि राइजोआरि सावस्रि बिथिंनिफ्राय लाबोनाय सा दाइन उदां रोंगौथि गोनां रोंगासाफोर आरो हादरारि बारदेरनाय बेराम फसंथाननि हेलमिन्थलजिनि गाहाइ सामलायगिरि आरो लोगो सामलायगिरिखौ लाफानानै दाजानाय। The country completed three years of guinea worm disease free period in July 1999. हादरा 1999नि जुलाइसिम गिनिया अर्म बेराम उदां महरै बोसोरथाम आबुं खालामबाय। The disease in its chronic form causes a lot of physical disfigurement and disability due to obstruction of the lymphatic channels resulting in elephantiasis, hydrocoele in men and renal damage. बे बेरामा गोजाम महराव लिमफेटिक सेनेला हेंथा होनायनि जाउनाय इलिफेनटियासिस, मानटिना हाइड्रकुलि आरो रिनेला फेलें जानानै सोलेरारि महर गोयै आरो बेंगुरा खालामदोंमोन। The disease is now recognised as one of the major causes of DALY. बेरामखौ आथिखालाव दालिनि मोनसे गाहाइ सोमजिहोग्रा महरै सिनायबाय। The division also organises short training courses for CHS officers/M.D. (PSM) students and the Nursing Students. खोन्दोआ सि,एइस,एस मावखागिरि, एस,डि,पि,एस,एम आरो नासिं फरायसाफोरनि थाखाय सुंथाय समनि ट्रेनिं होयो। The division is also fully equipped to undertake vector borne disease out break investigations, especially malaria in different parts of the country and suggest control measures. भेक्टर गाहाइ बेराम सोमजिनायखौ नायसंनो थाखाय दिभिजना जेरैबो गुफुङै दाजानाय जरखायै हादरानि दाब दाब जायगायाव मेलेरियाखौ नायसङै आरो होबथानाय राहानि बोसोन होयो। The division is involved in development and standardisation of newer diganostic techniques. डिभिजना गोदान दाइगनस्टिक आदब जौगाहोनाय आरो मानगोनां खालामनायाव लोबबा थायो। The Division of Training and Malariology supports the National Anti Malaria Programme (NAMP) by training the state/district level malaria officers from all over the country. हादरनाङै गासैबो जिला एबा हादरसा थाखोनि मेलेरिया बिबानगिरिफोरखो फोरोंथाय होनानै फोरोंथाय आरो मेलेरिअलजि डिभिजन हादरारि मेलेरिया बेरेखा हाबाफारियाव मदद खालामो। The Division of Training and Malariology with its trained manpower and well established infrastructure conducts National and International training courses in Malariology. फोरोंथाय आरो मेलेरिअलजि डिभिजना बेनि फोरोंथाय मोननाय सुबुं गोहो आरो गुफुं इसिं दाथायजों मेलेरिअलजिनि सायाव हादरारि आरो हादर गेजेरारि फोरोंथाय फर्म खुङो। The first pilot project in the world for the control of bancroftian filariasis was taken up in Orissa from 1949 to 1954. बेंक्रफ्तियान फाइलेरियाखौ दाबथायनायनि गिबि मुलुगनां पाइलत प्रजेक्टखौ 1949निफ्राय 1954सिम उरिस्यायाव खालामनाय जादोंमोन। The Govt. of India launched the National Filaria Control Programme in India in 1955 under the National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD). भारत सोरकारा हादरारि फाइलेरिया होबथानाय हाबाफारिखौ भारताव 1955 माइथायाव हादरारि बारदेरनाय बेराम फसंथाननि सिङाव दैदेनदोंमोन। The intensity and prevalence can vary considerably in different regions depending upon the climatic conditions, type of soil, sanitary conditions and food and personal hygiene. बारहावानि थाथाय, हानि रोखोम, खिनाय-हासुनाय थाथाय आरो आदार आरो गावारि साखोन सिखोननि सायाव सोनारनानै गुबुन गुबुन ओनसोलाव बेनि गोहोम आरो गोसारनाया गुबुन जायो हागौ। The International Certification Team (ICT), presented its report on guinea worm disease status in India to the ICCDE in the meeting held in February 2000 in Geneva. हादर गेजेरारि फोरमानबिलाइ हानजाया भारतनि गिनिया अरम बेरामनि थाथायनि फोरमाय बिदांखौ 2000नि फेब्रुवारियाव जेनेभायाव खुंनाय आफादाव आइ, सि, सि दि,इ,नो गथायदोंमोन। The laboratory carries out outbreak investigations in cases of bite to multiple victims by a single rabid animal. आनजादसालियाव मासे फागला जुनातआ अरनानै बाइदि रोखोमनि जखम जानायफोरनि बेलायाव नुजानाय बेरामखौ नायसङो। The laboratory is constantly engaged in finding out the alternative routes/dosages for economical anti rabies immuno prophylaxis. खम बेसेनावनो एन्टि राबिस इमुन प्रफिलेक्सिसनि मुलि एबा राहा लामा दिहुननायनि थाखाय आनजादसालिया जेब्लाबो मुखुब जानानै थायो। The laboratory provides anti-mortem diagnosis of rabies in suspect hydrophobia cases. आनजादसालिया सन्देह गोनां हाइद्रफबियानि बेलायाव राबिसनि हेंथायै एन्टि मर्टेम बेराम सिनायनायनि राहा होयो। The laboratory runs a quality assurance scheme for routine diagnostic procedures for rabies in which different institution laboratories from the country participate. आनजादसालियाव सम फारिलाइ बेराम सिनायनाय राहानि थाखाय मोनसे रादाय नोनां मानदान्दानि बिथांखि दैदेनो जेराव हादरारि गुबुन गुबुन आनजादसालि फसंथानफोरा बाहागो लाफैयो। The magnitude of the problem in India is not well documented. भारताव जेंनानि गोहोमखौ मोजाङै फोरमायथानाय जायाखै। The malaria clinic of the division examines and cross-examines blood slides for the presence of malaria, parasites from patients referred by hospitals, and from the slides collected during outbreak investigations. बेराम सोमजिनायनि नायसंनाय समाव बुथुमनाय स्लाइडफोर आरो बेरामिफोरनिफ्राय मालाय जिउसा फाहामसालिफोरजों दैथाय हरनायनिफ्राय मेलेरियाखौ दिन्थिनो थैनि स्लाइदफोरखौ मेलेरिया क्लिनिक डिभिजना सानजाबनानै आनजात नायो। The MDD is planned for a period of five years since the fecundic life span of the parasite is about 5 years. मालाय जिउसानि थांना थानायनि जिउ आनथोरा 5 बोसोर जानायनिफ्राय एस, डि, डि,आ 5 बोसोरनि बिथांखि आजावो। The Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India and State Public Health Engineering Departments (Rural Water Supply) assist the Programme in provision and maintenance of safe drinking water supplies and conversion of unsafe drinking water sources, on priority in the guinea worm affected areas. भारत सोरखारनि गामियारि जौगाथाय मन्ट्रि बिफान आरो हादरसा सुबुं सावस्रि बिरोंदामिनारि बिफान(गामियारि दै जगायनाय)आ गिनिया अर्म खहा जानाय ओनसोलाव सिगां गोसो होनानै गोगो लोंनाय दै जगायनाय आरो रैखाथि नङै लोंनाय दै फुंखाखौ सोदांनाय आरो दैदेननय खाबुनि सिङाव हाबाफारिखौ मदद खालामो। The National Institute of Communicable Disease (NICD), Delhi functions as the nodal agency for planning, co-ordination, guidance and evaluation of GWEP in the country. दिल्लियाव थानाय हादरारि बारदेरनाय बेराम फसंथाना हादराव गिनिया अर्म सोखानाय हाबाफारिनि बिथांखि लानाय, फोनांजाबनाय, बिथोन होनाय आरो सुमोन्थाय दिहुननायनि गाहाइ एजेन्सि महरै खामानि मावो। The only diurnally sub-periodic variety of W brancrofti encountered in the country is confined to the aborigines of six small islands of the Nicobar. साननि खावसे समनि मादाव दब्लिउ बेंक्रफ्टिनि बायदि हादराव दावहा नांनो गोनां जानाय निकबरनि मोन 6 फिसा दिपआव थागिरिफोरनि गेजेराव सिमा खानानै दंमोन। The parasite is transmitted from man to man by the bite of mosquito. थाम्फै अरनायनि गेजेरजों मालाय जिउसाया मानसिनिफ्राय मानसिनाव बारदेरो। The Pilot project has been started in 13 districts since 1997. पाइलट प्रजेक्टखौ मोन 13 जिलायाव 1997 माइथायनिफ्राय जागायदोंमोन। The problem of lymphatic filariasis is predominant in South East Asia, Asian, Western pacific regions of WHO, East Africa, Eastern Mediterranean Region and Region of Americas. खोला सानजा उरिस्या, एसियान, मुलुगनां सावस्रि फसंथाननि सोनाब प्रसान्ट लैथो ओनसोल,सानजा गेजेरहा लैथो ओनसोल, आरो आमेरिकानि ओनसोलफोराव लिमफेटिक फाइलेरियानि जेंनाया गाहाय जानानै दं। The programme is implemented by the endemic State Health Directorates through the Primary Health Care System. गुदि सावस्रि जोथोन राहाजों महामारि जाप्लेबाय थानाय हादरसा सावस्रि सामलायगिरिनि हेफाजाबै हाबाफारिखौ मावफुंनाय जायो। The single day regime is as effective as 12 day regime as a public health measure. सानसेल सान खुंनायखौ सुबुं सावस्रि राहा महरै जिनै सान जाफुंनाय होनना साननाय जायो। The strain is being supplied to institutions on request. फोलेरारि बिदैखौ खावलायनाय बाइदि फसंथानफोरनो जगायो। The Village Health Guide (VHG) and Multipurpose Workers (MPW) may treat clinical cases of filariasis with DEC. गामियारि सावस्रि बोसोनगिरि आरो बांथांखियारि मावथिफोरा डि, इ, सि,जों फाइलेरियानि फाहामथाय होयो। The zoonosis Division has also been recognized by the World Health Organisation as WHO Collaborative Centre for Rabies Epidemiology for South East Asia Region. जुनोसिस डिभिजनखौ मुलुगनां सावस्रि फसंथाना खोला सानजा एसिया ओनसोलनि थाखाय मु, सा, फ, नजों दैदेनजानाय राबिस महामारि मिरु महरै सिनायथि हादों। The zoonosis Division has National Reference Laboratories for Plague, Kala-azar and Arboviral infections. जुनोसिस डिभिजना प्लेग,काला आजार आरो एर्ब भाइरेल बारदेरनायनि थाखाय हादरारि खोलोबनि आनजादसालिफोर दं। Toxoplasma Laboratory is maintaining Rh strain of Toxoplasman gondii in Swiss albino mice. टक्सप्लस्मा आनजादसालिया सुइस एलबिन, भाइसाव टक्सप्लास्माननि Rh बिदैखौ सामलायो। Toxoplasma Laboratory provides diagnostic services to all Hospitals and dispensaries in Delhi. टक्सप्लास्मा लेबरेटरिया दिलिनि गासैबो फाहामसालि आरो दिसपेनसारि फोराव बेराम सिनायनाय सिबिथाय होयो। WHO has initiated filariasis elimination programme world wide with the passage of a resolution in May 1997 by 50th World Health Assembly, calling for "the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem". 1997 माइथायनि मे दानाय 50 थि मुलुगनां सावस्रि जथुमाव सुबुङारि सावस्रि जेंना महरै लिमफेटिक फाइलेरिया फोजोबस्रांनाय थांखि लानानै मुलुगनां सावस्रि फसंथाना बुहुमनाङै फाइलेरिया फोजोबस्रांनाय हाबाफारिनि राहा लादों। World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that one fourth of the world’s population is chronically infected with soil transmitted helminths including at least 400 million school age children. मुलुगनां सावस्रि फसंथाना हमनानै लादोंदि बुहुमनि ¼ बाहागो सुबुं अनजिमा आरो 400 मिलियन फरायसालियाव थांनाय गथ’फोरखौ लाफानानै हाजों बारस्लायनाय हेलमिन्थजों दोरोङारि बारदेरनाय जायो। World wide, 120 million people are infected with filarial parasite worms. बुहुमनाङै 120 मिलियन सुबुंफोरा मालाय जिउसा फायलेरिया फिलौजों नाख्रेब जायो। A suspect case of cholera must be notified immediately by messenger, telephone or fax to the local health office. कलेरा जानायनि सन्देह जादोंब्ला मेसेन्जार,टेलिफ’न एबा फेक्सनि हेफाजाबै थाबैनो जायगानि देहा मावखुलियाव फोरमायनांगौ। Almost all the recent cholera outbreaks have been caused by the El Tor biotype. बावैसो नुजानाय बांसिनफ्राम कलेराया इ,आइ, टर बाइअटाइपजों सोमजिनाय। Anthrax provides laboratory support for investigation of suspected outbreaks of anthrax in various parts of the country. हादोरनि गोबां जायगायाव सन्देह गोनां एन्थ्राक्स नुजानायखौ नायसंनो एन्थ्राक्सआ आनजादसालिनि मदद होदों। Antibiotics can be given orally as soon as vomiting stops, usually within 3-4 hours of starting rehydration. एन्टिबाइटिकफोरखौ खुगाजों जानो होनाय लोगो लोगो गोबानाया बन्द जायो, 3-4 घन्टानि मादावनो रिहाइदेसनआ जागायजेनो हमो। Antibiotics, to which the strain is susceptible, shorten the period of communicability. एन्टिबाइटिक्स जायखौ फोलेरारि होनना सन्देह खालामनाय जायो बेयो बारदेरनाय समखौ सुंथाब खालामो। Blood transfusion and volume expanders are not necessary. थै सोलायनाय, आरो मोदोमबां फेहेरनायनि गोनांथि गैया। Brucella Laboratory undertakes sero-surveillance studies on a contained population. ब्रुसेला आनजादसालिया हान्थिग्रा सुबुंफोरनि सायाव सिगां नायसंनायनि सायाव नोजोर होदोंमोन। Care must be taken to ensure that the patient is not overloaded. बेरामिनि सायाव जाहाथे बांद्राय बजाय गोग्लैया बेखौ जोथोन लानांगोन। Cases caused by the classical biotype have not been reported in India since 1980. गोजाम बाइअटाइपजों बेबादि सोमजिनायखौ भारताव 1980 निफ्राय मिथिनाय जानायाखै। Central Plague Laboratory carries out investigation of any suspected outbreak of plague in the country. मिरु प्लेग आनजादसालिया हादराव जायखि जाया सन्देह खालामथाव प्लेग गोसारनायनि सायाव नायसंनायखौ खालामो Central Plague Laboratory co-ordinates the activities of plague control units of the states. मिरु प्लेग आनजादसालिया हादरसाफोरनि प्लेग होबथाग्रा दालायफोरनि हाबा-हुखायाव फोनांजाबथाय खालामो। Central Plague Laboratory collaborates with WHO Collaborative Centre for exchange of information and procurement of reagents/biological material. खारिथि मिथिज्लायनाय, गोदान मावथि थिसननाय एबा जिबआरि फुंखा बुथुमनाय बुहुमनां देहा फसंथाननि मिरुजों मिरु प्लेग आनजादसालिया लोगोसे खामानि मावो। Central Plague Laboratory identifies all the suspected Y. pestis like organisms isolated from the field specimens. मिरु प्लेग आनजादसालिया जायगायाव मोननाय जोबस्रांनाय गासैबो सन्देह खालामथाव फोथैग्रा अवाइ एम्फौफोरखौ सिनायथिनाय। Central Plague Laboratory is involved in development of newer serological techniques like ELISA, IgM capture ELISA, etc. मिरु प्लेग आनजादसालिया गोदान सेरलजिकेल खान्थि जौगानायाव लोबबा दं जेरै ELISA, IgM आ ELISAखौ हमथानाय बायदि बायदि। Central Plague Laboratory is involved in the bacteriological, serological and entomological studies for surveillance of plague. मिरु प्लेग आनजादसालिया प्लेगखौ नायबिजिरनायनि थाखाय बिउसायारि, सेर’लजिकेल आरो इन्टमलजिकेलनि फराजों लोबबा दं। Central Plague Laboratory is maintaining the isolates of Y.pestis. मिरु प्लेग आनजादसालिया एखुथा अवा एम्फौ-एनलाखौ नोजोर लाबोगासिनो दं। Central Plague Laboratory is QP-2 level laboratory. मिरु प्लेग आनजादसालिया QP-2 थाखोनि आनजादसालि। Central Plague Laboratory is well equipped for carrying out work on all aspects of plague. प्लेगनि गासैबो जाथावना खामानिफोरखौ मावफुंनो मिरु प्लेग आनजादसालिखौ सांग्रां फसंनाय जादों। Central Plague Laboratory maintains surveillance of plague in country in collaboration with the State Plague Control units. हादोरसा प्लेग दबथायग्रा दालायनि हेफाजाबाव हादरनि प्लेग नायबिजिरनायखौ मिरु प्लेग आनजादसालिया दैदेनो। Central Plague Laboratory organises and conducts periodic meetings of the Interstate co-ordination committee on plague. मिरु प्लेग आनजादसालिया प्लेगनि सायाव इसिं हादरसा हेफाजाबारि आफादफोरजों सम सम जथुम्मा हांख्रायो आरो दैदेनो। Central Plague Laboratory runs a programme for maintenance of quality assurance between the laboratories. आनजादसालि फोरनि गेजेराव गुन होनाय रादायखौ हमथानो मिरु प्लेग आनजादसालिया मोनफा मोनफा हाबाफारि खुङो। Cholera has the potential of rapid spread leading to an acute public health problem, special attention is required to be given to the surveillance and prompt follow up action on reported cases of cholera. कलेरायानो एखुथा मानसिफोरनि सावस्रि जेंनाखौ गोबारै गोसारनायाव गुबै बिफाव लायो, मिथिखानाय कलेरानि बेलायाव लानांगौ राहाखौ जाफुंनाय आरो नायबिजिरनायाव जरखा गोसो लाखिनांगोन। Cholera is an endemic in India and several outbreaks of the disease have been reported. कलेराया भारतनि मोनसे जाफ्लेनाय बेराम बायदि आरो गोबां रोखोमनि बेराम जादोंमोन होनना मिथिनाय जादों। Clean water, which the household normally uses for drinking purposes, can be used for preparing the ORS solution. सरासनस्रायै नखराव लोंनायनि थाखाय बाहायनाय गोगो दैखो अ,आर,एस, थियारि खालामनायाव बाहायनो हायो। Commercial pellet diet is used which is supplemented by bengal grams as well as carrots and leafy vegetables especially for guinea pigs and rabbits. फालांगियारि पेलेट खाजा बाहायनाय जायो जायखौ बेंगलनि बुट, गाजर आरो गोथां मैगंजों बानायदेरनाय जायो जरखायै गिनिपिग आरो सेसानो होयो। Cysticercosis Laboratory is engaged in evaluation of serological tests like ELISA in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. सेस्टिसेयारकसिस आनजादसालिया निउर’साइटिसारकसिसनि बेराम सिनायनाय सेर’लजिकेल आनजाद जेरै इलिसानि सुमोन्थाय दिहुननायाव मुखुब थायो। Cysticercosis Laboratory undertakes studies to find out the prevalence of cysticercosis in patients with epilepsy. खर’ गिदिंनाय बेरामिनियाव बांद्राय गोसारनानै थानाय  सेस्टिसेयारकसिसखौ दिहुननो थाखाय सेस्टिसेयारकसिसया नायसंनायखौ खालामो। Early treatment, in most cases by Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT), can reduce the case fatality of cholera to less than 1%. गोबांनि बेलायाव अरेल रिहाइद्रेसन थेरापिजों सिगां फाहामथाय होनाया कलेरानि खैफोदखौ सेजौ खोन्दोनिख्रुइ खमसिन खालामनो हायो। Experimental facility fis seperate from the breeding area so as to protect the animals from any possible infections. आनजादसालिनि खाबुवा नाखौ बिदै दैनाय जायगानिफ्राय आलादा खालामनानै लाखियो जाहाथे जानो हाथाव बारदेरनायनिफ्राय जुनातखौ होबथानो हायो। Experimental facility is attached with the main research block and is directly accessible to the scientific staff of the institute. आनजादसालिनि खाबुखौ गाहाय नायबिजिरनाय बाहागोजों दाजाबदेरनाय आरो फसंथाननि गोनोखो मावथिफोरा थोंजों मोन्दां हायो। For management of a case of acute watery diarrhoea during cholera outbreak, cholera should be suspected in all patients. कलेरा नुजानाय समाव दैनि गोब्राब दायरियाखौ हमथानाय बेलायाव गासैबो बेरामिफोरनियाव कलेरा दं होनना हमनानै लानाया मोजां। Full packet of ORS must be used in a litre water. से लिटार दैयाव आबुं अ,आर,एस, पेकेट बाहायथारनांगौ Generally the mother will tend to save a part of the packet in order to use it later but not. गमामायै बिमाया पेकेटनि इसे बाहागो उनाव बाहायनो लाखिनो गोसो जागोन नाथाय बेयो नङा। Genetically undefined stocks of rabbits, guinea, pigs, sheep, geese and pigeons are also bred. जिन आयदानि फारसेनिफ्राय बुंफुरलु गोयै सेसा, गिनिपिक, बोरमा मेन्दा, हांसो फारौ हानजाफोराबो जोनोम होयो। Give 100 ml/kg body weight of ORS solution in the first 3-6 hours to correct dehydration. दिहाइद्रेसनखौ गोगो खालामनो गिबि थाम-द घन्टायाव 100 मि,लि,/कि,ग्रा, लेरथायनि अ,आर,एस फुन्दै होनांगौ। Hands must be washed before making the ORS solution. अ,आर,एस फुन्दैखौ बाहायनायनि सिगां आखायखौ सुनांगोन। Health of the healthy experimental animals is taken care with the help of the veterinarian. जुनात फाहामगिरिनि हेफाजाबै मासे गोगो देहानि जुनातनि देहाखौ जोथोन लानय जायो। Hydatid and Rickettsia Laboratory carries out serological diagnosis for hydatid disease and rickettsial infections. हाइदेटिद आरो रिकिटसिया आनजादसालिया हाइद्रेद बेराम आरो रिकितसिया बारदेरनायनि थाखाय सेरलजिकेल बेराम सिनायनाय खालामो। Hydatid and Rickettsia Laboratory deals with Rickettsia and Hydatid infections and provides diagnostic services to all Hospitals in Delhi. हाइदेटिद आरो रिकेटसिया आनजादसालिया रिकेटसिया आरो हाइदेतिद बारदेरनायजों लोबबा दं आरो दिल्लिनि गासै फाहामसालि फोराव बेराम सिनायनाय सिबिथाय होयो। If appropriate measures are taken, cholera remains restricted to a limited habitation. नांगौ बादि नोजोर लायोब्ला मोनसे थि सिमानि थाखाय कलेराया होबथा जानानै थायो। if the patient is thirsty and wants to drink more, allow to drink the ORS. बेरामिया उखैनाय आरो गोबां लोंनो लुबैदोंब्ला, अ,आर,एस, लोंनो होनांगौ। In endemic areas, breast-feeding protects infants and young children. जाफ्लेबाय थानाय ओनसोलाव आहार दौनाया खुदिया आरो देरबोनाय गथ’फोरखौ होबथाबोदों। In late 1992, large-scale epidemics occurred in India and Bangladesh caused by a new serogroup - V.cholerae O139. 1992नि उनथिंजाय भरताव गोबां अनजिमानि महामारि नुजादोंमोन आरो बांलादेसाव गोदान सेर’ग्रुप भि, कलेरा अ 139 आ साग।लोबदोंमोन। In more than 90% of the cases, cholera is mild. 90%निख्रुइ बांसिननि बेलायाव कलेराया गुरै थाखोनिमोन। In severe cases, antibiotics can reduce the volume and duration of diarrhoea and can shorten the period during which the cholera vibrios are excreted. गोब्राब थासारियाव एन्टिबाइटिकफोरा दाइरेयानि बिबां आरो समखौ खमायनो हायो आरो कलेरानि भिब्रिअस खिगारनाय समखौ सुंथाब खालामनो हायो। In severely dehydrated patients ORS solution should be started as soon as the patients are able to drink, even before the initial Intravenous (I V) fluid therapy has been completed. गोबावब्लाबो गिबि इन्ट्राँेनास आइ,भि, फ्लुइद थेरापि फोजोबनायनि सिगाङावनो बेरामफोरा लोंनो हानाय लोगो लोगो दिहाइद्रेद बेरामिफोरनो अ,आर,एस, फुन्दै होनो जगायनाया मोजां। Infection usually spreads through contaminated water and food. सरासनस्रायै गुबुंले दै आरो आदारजों बारदेरनाया गोसारो। Intravenous therapy may be required for those with clinically severe form of cholera. फाहामथाय गोब्राब महरनि कलेरानि थाखायसो इनट्राभेनास थेरापिखौ गोनां जानो हागौ। Isolation of Vibrio cholerae 01 or 0139 from the stools samples of any patient with diarrhoea. जायखि जाया दाइरेया गोनां बेरामिनि खि-हासुदैनि आनजाद लानानै भिब्रिअ कलेरा 01 एबा 0139 खौ गैया खालमा जायो। It is important to emphasize that the whole packet is to be mixed in one litre of water. गोसो होनाया गोनांथि जागोनदि पेकेटनि गासैखौबो से लिटार दैयाव गलायदेर नांगोन। IV fluids should be used only for the initial rehydration of patients with severe dehydration, including those who are in shock. सक होनायपोरखौ लाफानानै गोब्राब दिहाइद्रेसन बेरामिफोरखौ गिबि रिहाइद्रेसन फोरनि थाखायल’ आइ,भि, फुन्दै बाहायनाया मोजां जागोन। Knowledge of antibiotic sensitivity patterns in the immediate or adjacent areas is important. एन्टिबाइटिक मोन्दांथि खिन्थाय एबा लोबबा गोनां बिथिंनि गियानखौ थाबै मिथिनाया गोनांथि दं। Laboratory confirmation should be obtained at the earliest opportunity and the results intimated to local health office as soon as these become available. आनजादसालिनि थि मिथिनायखौ सिगां खाबुवावनो मोननाया मोजां आरो फिथायफोरखौ मोनाय लोगो लोगो जायगानि देहा मावखुलियाव फोरमायनांगौ। Leptospira Laboratory is undertaking multicentric study on sero-surveillance of Leptospirosis. लेप्टस्पिरा आनजादसालि बां मिरुवारि नायसंनायखौ लेप्टसपिरसिनि सेर’ नायदिंनायनि सायाव खालामो। Leptospira Laboratory provides diagnostic services to all Hospitals of Delhi. लेप्टस्पिरा आनजादसालिया दिललिनि गासै फाहामसालिफोरनो बेराम सिनायनाय सिबिथाय होयो। Leptospira Laboratory provides laboratory support for outbreak investigations. लेप्टस्पिरा आनजादसालिया सुलाद नायसंनाय हाबायाव आनजादसालि हेफाजाब होयो। Mothers must be taught on how to measure one litre of water. लिटारसे दैखौ माबोरै बाहायनांगौ बिमाफोरनो फोरोंथारनांगौ Nearly 80 to 90% of the patients can usually be adequately treated with oral rehydration salt (ORS) solution alone, without intravenous therapy and antibiotics. इन्ट्राभेनिसास थेरापि आरो एन्टिबाइटिकस नङालासिनो 80 निफ्राय 90%बेरामिफोरखौ आरेल रिहाइद्रेससन सेल्ट फुन्दैजोंल’ बांसिनै फाहामथाय होनो हायो। No anti diarrhoeal, anti-emetic, antispasmodic, cardiotonic or corticosteroid drugs should be used to treat cholera. एन्टि दाइरियेल, एन्टि-इमेटिक, एन्टिस्पासमदिक, कारदिस टनिक एबा कर्टिस्टिरएद मुलिफोरखौ कलेरा फाहामथायाव बाहाय नाङा। Normal saline solution is less effective for intravenous rehydration, but can be used if Ringer's lactate solution is unavailable. रिहाइद्रेसन इन्ट्राभेनासनि थाखाय लाबाय थानाय सेलाइन इसेल’ खआमानि होयो, नाथाय रिंगारसु फुन्दैया थोजासे नङाब्ला बाहायनो हायो। Occasionally the carrier stage may persist for several months. सम सम सन्देरनाय थाखोआ गोबां दानसिम सांग्रां जानानै थानो हागौ। ORS solution never causes pulmonary oedema. अ,आर,एस, फुन्दैया पालमनारि अदेमाखौ जेब्लाबो खहा खालामा। Patients on intravenous fluid therapy should be monitored at regular intervals to check for signs of improvement in the clinical condition of the patient. इन्ट्राभेनास फ्लइद थेरापियाव थानाय बेरामिखौ क्लिनिकेल थाथायाव मोजां जानो लानाय नुथायखौ गले गले दांनायनानै नोजोर लाखिनाया मोजां। Patients remain infectious usually for a few days after recovery from clinical symptoms. फाहामथाय सिमटमनिफ्राय गानायनि उनाव साननैसोनि थाखाय गमामायै बेरामिया बारदेरनायाव थायो। Plague Surveillance Unit carries out entomological studies including susceptibility studies of fleas to insecticides. गोरलैयैनो बारदेरनो हानाय सिखोनिफ्राय एम्फौ-एनला बुथारनायखौ लाफानानै एम्फौ-एनला नायबिजिरनायखौ प्लेग नायदिंनाय खोन्दोआ खालामो। Plague Surveillance Unit carries out studies on seasonal prevalence of wild rodents. प्लेग नायदिंनाय खोन्दोआ हाग्रानि बोथोरारि नुजानाय हाखुन्थिनाय जुनातनि सायाव नायसङो। Plague Surveillance Unit co-ordinates the plague surveillance and control activities of the state plague control units. प्लेग नायदिंनाय खोन्दोआ प्लेग नायदिंनायखौ हेफाजाब खालामो आरो हादरसा प्लेग होबथानाय खोन्दोनि हाबा-हुखाखौ दैदेनो। Plague Surveillance Unit performs bacteriological and serological examination of wild rodents for evidence of plague infection. प्लेग नायदिंनाय खोन्दोआ प्लेग बारदेरनायनि फोरमाननि थाखाय हाग्रानि हाखुन्थिग्रा जुनातफोरनि बेक्टेरिअलजिकेल आरो सेरलजिकेल आनजाद खालामो। Plague Surveillance Unit undertakes investigation of rat falls to exclude plague etiology. प्लेग इटिअलजिखौ गैया खालामनो एनजर गोथैफोरनि सायाव नायसंनायखौ प्लेग नायदिंनाय खोन्दोआ खालामो। Plain glucose solutions are ineffective and should not be used. सरासनस्रा ग्लुकज फुन्दैफोरा खामानि होआ आरो बाहायनाया मोजां नङा। Pulmonary oedema is caused when too much IV fluid is given, and especially when metabolic acidosis has not been corrected. जरखायै मेटाबलिक एसिदसिसखौ जेब्ला रोखाथि खालामनाय नङा आरो आइ,भि, फुन्दैखौ बांद्राय होनाय जागोन पालमनारि अदेमायाव गेना सोमजिगोन। Rapid loss of fluids and salts can result in dehydration, acidosis and potassium depletion if symptoms of diarrhoea and vomiting persist. दाइरेया आरो गोबानायनि सिम्टमा थायोब्ला फुन्दै आरो संख्रिया गोबारै गोमानायनि जाउनाव दिहाइद्रेसन, एसिदसिस आरो पटासियाम खमायनो हागौ। Rehydration therapy should continue to replace ongoing loss of fluids and salts. रिहाइद्रेसन थेरापिखौ फुन्दै आरो संख्रि खमायगासिनो थानायखौ सोलायनो होगासिनो थानाया मोजां। Renal failure is rare when severe dehydration is rapidly corrected and normal hydration is maintained according to the guidelines. जेब्ला गोब्राब दिहाइद्रेसनखौ गले गले गुफुं खालामनाय जायो आरो बिथोन बायदि नांगौ हाइद्रेसनखौ खालामबाय थाया रिनेलनि लोरबाङा खम जायो। Renal failure may occur when too little IV fluid is given, when shock is not rapidly corrected, or when shock is allowed to recur, especially in persons above the age of 60. जेब्ला आइ,भि, फुन्दैखौ एसेल’थार होयो सक होनायखौ थाबथाब गुफुं खालामाब्ला, एबा 60 बोसोर बैसोनि बांसिन सासे सुबुंखौ सक होनायखौ फिन खालामोब्ला रिनेल फेलेंथिया नुजानो हागौ। Ringer's lactate solution is the preferred fluid for intravenous rehydration. रिंगारनि लक्टेत दैलाव इन्ट्राभेनास रिहाइद्रेसननि थाखाय साबजाथाव फुन्दै। Service area includes dirty and clean washing sections, storage area for feed, bedding, cages and the waste disposal unit. खामानिनि थिलियाव दंफायो मैला आरो साखोन सुस्रानाय बाहागो दोन्थुमनाय दखरायाव दं जाहोनाय उन्दुनाय, दन्दर आरो गारगारनाय खोन्दो। solution can be used for 24 hours and should be discarded if not consumed within this period. 24 घन्टा सम आरो थि समनि गेजेराव दोगोन खालामनाब्ला नेवसिनाया मोजां । The activities of Plague Surveillance Unit, Bangalore are being co-ordinated and supervised by the Central Plague Laboratory at Zoonosis Division, NICD, Headquarters, Delhi. बांगालराव थानाय प्लेग नायदिंनाय खोन्दोनि खामानिखौ दाजेबदेरनाय जादों आरो एन, आइ, सि, दि, गाहाय मावख दिल्लियाव थानाय जुनसिस खोन्दोनि मिरु प्लेग आनजादसालिया दैदेनो। The Animal Facility of Institute of Communicable Diseases is spread over the total area of 1000 sq. m. and consists of breeding facility (800 sq.m.) and an experimental facility (200 sq.m.). बारदेरनाय बेरामनि जुनातनि खाबुनि फसंथाना गासै 1000 बर्ग मिटार हालाम गोसारनानै दं आरो 800 बर्ग मिटार हालामा फिसा जोनोम होनायनि खाबु दं आरो 200 बर्ग मिटार आनजाद नायनायनि खाबु दं। The chlorinated water supplied by MCD for human consumption is given to all the laboratory animals which protects them from the enteric diseases. मानसिफोरा लोंनो थाखाय एम, सि, दि,आ जगायनाय क्लरिन गोनां दैखो गासै आनजादसालि जुनातफोरनो होनाय जायो जाय बिसोरखौ इन्टारिक बेरामनिफ्राय होबथायो। The choice of antibiotics should take into account local patterns of resistance to antibiotics. जायगानि एन्टिबाइटिक होबथानाय राहा बायदि एन्टिबायटिकखौ सायखनाया मोजां। The clinical condition of the patient should be monitored during and after rehydration until diarrhoea stops. दायरियाया थादवासिम बेरामिनि फाहामथाय थाथायखौ रिहाइद्रेसननि सायाव आरो उनावबो नोजोर खालमनांगौ। The dead animals are incinerated. थैनाय जुनारफोरखौ सावगारनांगौ। The division conducts training courses from time to time on various zoonotic diseases. खोन्दोआ गोबां रोखोमनि जुन’टिक बेरामनि सायाव सम सम फोरोंथायनि फराफारि खुंफुङो। The division has developed manuals and booklets on various diseases like JE, Rabies, Kala azar, Plague, Leptospirosis. खोन्दोआ गोबां रोखोमनि बेराम जेरै जे, दि, राबिस,काला आजार,प्लेग,लेप्टस्पिरास गुदि लेखा आरो फरा लेखा जौगाखां दिहुन्दों। The dose of V.cholerae required to produce illness depends on the susceptibility of the individual. मानसिनियाव गोरलैयैनो बारदेरनाय जब्रा जानायनि सायाव सोनारनानै भि, कलेरानि मुलिखौ होनांगोन। The El Tor biotype also causes a higher proportion of asymptomatic infections than the classical biotype and survives longer in the environment. इ,आइ,ट’र बाइअटाइपआबो गोजाम बाइअटाइपनिख्रुइ बांसिन रुजुथायनि एसिम्पमेटिक बारदेरनाय सोमजिहोयो आरो आबहावायाव गोबाव सम थांनानै थायो। The facility has been registered with the committee for the purpose of control and supervision of experiments on animals (CPCSEA), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, New Delhi with registration no. 16/1999/CPCSEA. गोदान दिल्लियाव थानाय रेबगन्थि नं16/1999,सि,पि,सि, एस,इ,ए, समाजारि बिजिरथाय आरो गोहोआरि मन्ट्रि बिफाननि सिङाव जुनातफोरनि नायबिजिरनायखौ नोजोर होनो आरो दैदेननायनि थांखियै मोनसे आफादनि गेजेरजों खाबुखौ रेबनाय जादों। The first suspect case of cholera in the area must be notified immediately to the local health officer. ओनसोलाव कलेरानि गिबि सन्देहखौ थाबैनो जायगानि सावस्रि बिबानगिरि निसिम फोरमायथारनांगोन। The latter is most likely to occur when normal saline is used for IV rehydration and ORS solution is not given at the same time. जेब्ला नर्मेल सेलाइनखौ आइ,भि, रिहाइद्रेसननि थाखाय बाहायो आरो बे समावनो अ,आर, एस, फुन्धैखौ होनाय जाया अब्ला उनाव नुजाथारगोनबो जानो हागौ। The mice and rats are raised in a three tier colonies namely foundation stock, pedigreed expansion stock and production stock. एनजर फिसा आरो एनजर गेदेरफोरखौ मोनसे मोन्थाम खोलोबनि बाहागो फारियै जागायजेननाय थुबिल, फोलेर फेहेरनाय थुबिल आरो दिहुननाय थुब्लिजों दिहुननाय जायो। The sick animals are seperated and treated. बेरामि जुनारफोरखौ बोखानानै फाहामथाय होयो। The symptoms of mild cases of cholera are clinically indistinguishable from non-specific acute diarrhoea. रोखा बिदिन्थि नङै गोब्राब दायरिया निफ्राय कलेरानि गोरलै सिम्टमनि बेलायाव फाहामथायाव रोखा सिनाय हाया। There is no advantage in giving injectable antibiotics which are expensive. बांद्राय खरसा गोनां इनजेक्सननि एन्टिबाइटिक होनायनि जेबो फिथाय गैया। There is no need to boil water for preparing the ORS solution. अ,आर,एस, गलिलावखौ थियारि खालामनानै दै फुदुंनायनि गोनांथि गैया। Use of antibiotics for mild cases is not recommended. गुरैनि बेलायाव एन्टिबाइटिक बाहायनो होनाय जाया। V.cholerae can survive for long periods in the environment and can live in association with certain aquatic plants and animals, making water an important reservoir for infection. भि, कलेराया सोरगिदिं गोलाव सम थांना थानो हागौ आरो दैयाव थानाय खायफा लाइफांनि हेफाजाबाव थांनानै थआयो आरो जुनारनियाव बारदेरनो थाखाय दैखौ गोनां थुब्लि महरै बाहायो। When the guidelines for IV rehydration are followed, pulmonary oedema should not occur. जेब्ला आइ,भि, रिहाइद्रेसननि बिथोनलाइखौ बाहायो, पल्मनरि अदेमाया नुजानाया मिजां नङा Young and malnourished children need special attention. लाइमोन आरो देरफुनाय गथ’साफोरखौ जरखा गोसो होनायनि गोनांथि दं। A haemorrhagic diathesis is commonly demonstrated by scattered fine petechiae on the extremities, face and trunk and in the axillae. मोनसे हेमोरहेजिक दाइथेसिसखौ बयनिबो थाखाय समायना पेटेसियायाव गुवारै जोबथा अंग, खुगा, मोदोम बाहागो आरोएक्सिलिया दिन्थिनाय जादों। A major cause of deaths due to DHF is leakage of plasma in the pleural and abdominal cavities leading to hypovolaemic shock. डि,एइस,एफ, नि थाखाय थैनायनि मोनसे गाहाय जाहोना जादों पाइअरेल आरो आदार बान्दार गुदुंजों दैस्रा थै रेजेदनानै हाइपभलियामिक सक खालामनांगौ जायो। A number of high-powered committees have recommended action for strengthening the disease surveillance system for early identification of outbreaks. साग्लोबनायनि सिगां सिनायथिनो आरो बेराम नायदिंनाय राहाखौ गोख्रों खालामनो थाखाय मोनसे अनजिमानि गोजौ गोहो गोनां आफाद गनायथि होनाय जादों। A positive tourniquet test and a tendency to bruise at venepuncture site are always present. थै गनायखौ बन्द खालामनायनि मोनसे गोगो आनजाद आरो बेनिपावसार जायगायाव जखम खआलामनो गोसो जानायखौ जेब्लाबो दिन्थियो। A probable or confirmed case of dengue fever and evidence of circulatory failure manifested by rapid, weak pulse, narrow pulse pressure ( 20 mm of Hg) or hypotension for age with cold clammy skin and altered mental status. मोनसे जाथावना एबा मिथिखानाय देंगु जब्रा आरो रोगासारनाया फेलें जानायखौ थाबैनो लोरबां पाल्स, गुसेब पाल्स नारसिननाय (20 मिमिटार गोजौ) बिगुरखौ हाइपटेन्सन आरो गोरोन्थि थाथायखौ सोलायनानै रोखा खालामनाय जायो। Accompanying or shortly after a rapid drop in body temperature, varying degree of circulatory disturbances occur. लोगो लोगो एबा थाबैनो मोदोम बिदुङाव खनले खनले दप होनायनि उनाव थैगोसार होनायफोरनि हेंथाया बायदि रोखोम नुजायो। Acute illness compatible with following clinical description: jaundice, dark urine, anorexia, malaise, extreme fatigue and right upper abdominal quadrant pain. गोब्राब जब्रा जानाया सिंनि फाहामथाय फोरमानथिजों थादेरनो हागौ, जन्दिस, गुबुंले हासुदै, एन’रेसिया, मेलाइस, बांद्रायनाय लोरबां आरो उदैनि आगदा गजो बाहागोनि सानाय। Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue transmission in India. एइदिस एइजिप्टि आनो भराताव देंगु गोसार होनाय गाहाय जिउसा रोगानाय जिउसा, (भेक्टर)आ Aedes aegypti mosquito usually bites during day time. एइदिस एइजिप्टि थाम्फैया सानावसो अरो। Aedes albopictus mosquito is also known as Tiger mosquito. एइदिस एल्बपिक्टास थाम्फैखौ थामफ्ै मोसा होननाबो मिथियो। Aedes mosquito can fly up to a limited distance of 400 meters but can spread over vast distances mechanically in various types of vehicles used by man. एइदिस थाम्फैया 400 मिटार जान्थायसिम बिरनो हायो नाथाय मानसिया बाहायनाय गोबां रोखोमनि गारिजों गोबां जायगासिमबो गोसारनो हागौ। All the four types of the dengue virus have been isolated and reported from different parts of India. गासै मोनब्रै रोखोमनि देंगुनि भाइरासखौ फोजोबस्रांनाय जादों आरो भारतनि गोबां जायगानिफ्राय मिथिनाय जादों। An effective surveillance system is essential for planning, implementation and monitoring of disease control programmes. बेराम होबथानाय आरो नोजोर होनो मोनसे जाफुंसार नायदिंनाय राहानि गोनांथि दं। An entomologic study of Aedes mosquitos and larvae was done in the five zones of Beawar city. एइदिस थाम्फै आरो लारबिानि मोनसे इन्टमल’जिक नायसंनायखौ बेवार नोगोरमानि मोनबा खोन्दोआव खालामदों। Antigen is produced in limited quantities for operational research and outbreak investigations at the National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune. पुनेयाव थानाय हादरारि भाइरल’जि फसंथान (एन,आइ,भि,) आव सोमजिनायखौ नायसंनो आरो अपारेसनेल बिजिरसंनायनि थाखाय एन्टिफेनखौ मोनसे थि जखानि थाखाय दिहुनो। Approximately 50% of patients have generalised lymphadenopathy. 50% फ्राम बेरामिफोरखौ लिमफादेन’पाथिजों गोरलै खालामनाय जादों। Bleeding from the nose, gums and gastrointestinal tract are also seen. गन्थं, हाथाय बेदरनिफ्राय थै गनाय आरो गेस्टिकनि बिदाबफोरखौ नुनाय जादोंमोन। Cases of DF/DHF must be reported monthly to Directorate of National anti Malaria Programme (NAMP), 22 Shamnath Marg, Delhi 110054; through the concerned state nodal officer. डि,एफ, एबा डि,एइस,एफ, नि बेलायाव हादरसानि नदेल बिबानगिरिजों सावरायनानै सामनाथ मार्ग दिल्लि 110054 आव थानाय हारिमायारि मेलेरिया हेंथा हाबाफारिनि मासिगिरि,22 आव दानफ्रोमबो फोरमायथारनांगोन। Critical stage is reached after 2-7 days, when the fever subsides. जेब्ला जब्राया बांसिनै गोदोगोन 2 निफ्राय-7 साननि उनाव गोब्राबसिन महराव सोलायो। Demonstaration of a fourfold or greater change in reciprocal IgG or IgM antibody titres to one or more dengue virus antigen in paired sera samples. मोनसे मोनब्रै खोलोबनि एबा Igm नि समब्रा-समब्रि मैखोम सोलायनाय एबा Igm एन्टिबदि टाइटर्स एबा गोबां देंगु जिउसानि जरा सेरा सेम्पलखौ दिन्थिफुंनाय जादों। Demonstaration of dengue virus antigen in autopsy tissue by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence or in serum samples by EIA. इमुनहिस्टकेमिस्ट्रि एबा इमुनफ्लरस्केन एबा इ,आइ,ए,जों सेराम सेम्पलजों देंगु भाइरास एन्टिजेनखौ अटस्पाइ रोदायाव दिन्थिफुंनाय जादों। Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic fever is an acute viral disease. देंगु आरो देंगु हेमराजिक जब्राया मोनसे गोब्राब जिउसा बेराम। Dengue fever ( DF) is a self - limiting disease and represents the majority of cases of dengue infection. देंगु जब्राया मोनसे गावनो सिमा गोनां बेराम आरो बांसिनावनो देंगु बारदेरनायखौ दैदेनो। Dengue fever /DHF can also occur in rural areas where the environment is friendly for mosquito breeding. देंगु बेरामा गामि ओनसोलावबो नुजानो हागौ जेराव सोरबिदिं आबहावाया थाम्फै बिदै दैनायनि थाखाय साबगौ। Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a severe form of dengue fever. देंगु हेमराजिक जब्राया देंगु जब्रानि मोनसे गोब्राब महर। Dengue infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world, including India. देंगु बारदेरनाया भारतखौ लाफानानै बुहुमनि गोबां जायगायाव बेरामिया आरो थैनायखौ गिख्रंथाव खालामदों। dengue infections have the potential of rapid spread leading to an acute public health problem, special attention is required to be paid for its surveillance, prevention and control. देंगु बारदेरनाया गोख्रै गोसारनायनि बिफाव लानानै मोनसे गोब्राब रायजोआरि सावस्रि जेंना सोमजिहोयो, बेखौ नायदिंनाय, होबथानाय आरो दैदेननायाव जरखा गोसो होनांगोन। Dengue outbreaks have also been attributed to Aedes albopictus. देंगु सोमजिनाया एइदिस एल्बपिटासनो बिजाथाय खालामो। DF/DHF is caused by a group B arbovirus (Flavivirus) and include serotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Den-1, Den-2, Den-3 and Den-4). डि एफ एबा डि,एइस, एफ, आ मोनसे हानजा- बि एरबभाइरास (फ्लेभिभाइरास) जों सोमजियो आरो सेरटाइप 1,2,3 आरो 4(देन -1, देन- 2, देन- 3, देन- 4)जों थाफादेरो। Diseases can also cause outbreaks with the potential to spread rapidly and cause many deaths. खनले खनले गोसारनाय गोहोआ नुजानायनि थाखाय बेरामा सोमजिनानै गोबांखौनो बुथारनोबो हागौ। During 1996, there was a large outbreak reported from Delhi when 10,252 cases and 423 deaths have been reported to the State Directorate. 1996नि समाव गोदान दिल्लियाव मैखोम गोसारनायनि खारिथि मिथिनाय जादोंमोन जेराव हादरसा गोरायुंराव सा 10,252 बेरामि आरो सा 423 आ थैदोंमोन। During the first few days, the illness resembles classical dengue fever, but a maculopapular rash is less common. गिबि साननैसोनि समाव जब्रा जानाया गोजाम देंगु जब्राखौ बजबदोंमोन नाथाय मोनसे मेकुलपपुलार जखमखौ इसेल’ नुनाय जादोंमोन। Early in febrile illness, the differential diagnosis includes a wide spectrum of viral and bacterial infections. सिगां गोसो लोमजायोब्ला गोबां रोखोमनि भाइरेल आरो जिउसा बारदेरनायनि गुबुन गुबुन बेराम सिनायनाय खालामोमोन। Encephalitic signs associated with intracranial haemorrhage, metabolic and electrolyte disturbances, and hepatic failure (a form of Reye's syndrome) may occur. इनट्राक्रेनियेल हेमराज, मेटाबलिक, इलेक्ट्रलाइटनि गोरोबै आरो हेपाटइटिक फेलें (रेइस सिन्द्रमनि मोनसे दाथाय) नुजायोब्ला एनकेफेलाइटिसनि सिना थादेरो। Female mosquitoes get infected after feeding on a viraemic host. भिरामिक हस्टआव दौनायनि उनावनो जो थाम्फैया बारदेरनाय जायो। Female mosquitoes take 8-11 days for a mosquito which has fed on an infectious case to propagate the virus to levels sufficient to transmit. जो थाम्फैया मासे थाम्फैनि थाखाय 8निफ्राय11 सान लायो जाय बारदेरनाय जाजानायाव मोनसे जरखानि भाइरास सोनानै गोसार होनायाव थोजासे जायो। For effective disease surveillance system, the data collected should be UNIFORM and REGULAR. बेराम नायदिंनाय राहाखौ जाफुंनो थाखाय खारि बुथुमनाया गोरोबनाय आरो जेब्लाबो जानांगोन। For management of a case of acute watery diarrhoea during cholera outbreak, cholera should be suspected in all patients. कलेरा गोसारनाय समाव दैजों सोमजिनाय दायरेयाखौ सामलायनो थाखाय गासैबो बेरामिनियाव कलेरा जादों होनना साननांगोन। For the purpose of the surveillance system all cases listed under " probable" should be taken as a positive case. नायदिंनाय राहानि खामानिनि थाखाय “जाथाव” होननाव लानाया मोजां। HBsAg seropositivity for more than six months is an indicator of chronic infection. एइसबि नि एजि सेर’पजिटिभिटिया द दाननिबो बांसिन क्रनिक बारदेरनायनि सिनायथि जानो हागौ। HBsAg, often available, cannot distinguish between acute new infection and exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B. एइसबि नि एजि आ माब्लाबा गोबांब्लाबो क्रनिक हेपाटाइटिस बि नि गोदानै बांद्राय बारदरनाय आरो बांद्राय गेनानि गेजेराव रोखा दिन्थिया। Headache, backache, chills; sweating, myalgia, nausea and vomiting are signs of malaria. खर’ सानाय, सिं सानाय, खम्फि खम्फि जब्रा जानाय, गोलोमदै गनाय,म्यालगा, गोबानो ओंखारनाय, गोबानायफोरा मेलेरियानि सिन। If facilities permit, investigate all suspect cases to confirm diagnosis. खाबुवा गनायोब्ला बेराम सिनायनायखौ थि जानो गासै सन्देह गोनांफोरखौ नायसंनांगौ। If there is a sudden increase or clustering of cases or deaths due to DF/DHF, it must be reported immediately to the district health office or to the immediate supervisor. जेब्ला हरखाबै बाङो एबा बेराफोरनि थुबिल जायो एबा डिएफ एबा डि,एइस, एफ, नि थाखाय थैयो, बेखौ थाबैनो जिल्ला सावस्रि बिबानगिरिनो फोरमायनांगौ। In areas where Aedes aegypti is absent or very scarce and dengue outbreaks occur, a special effort should be made to identify the local vector(s) to develop vector surveillance accordingly. जाय जायगायाव एइदेस एइजिप्टि गैया एबा जोबोर खम आरो देंगु गोसारनाया नुजायो भेक्टर नायदिंनायखौ जौगा होनो जायगानि भेक्टरखौ सिनायनो जरखा नाजानांगोन। In India, Dengue infection is known to exist for over a century. भारताव देंगु बारदेरना मोनसे मुगानिबो बांसिन दंमोन होनना मिथियो। In less severe cases, the changes in vital signs are minimum and transient. खम गोब्राबनि बेलायाव गुबै सिनफोरखौ इसेल’ सोलायनाय आरो खम गोसारनाय। In patients with severe bleeding, evidence of pleural effusion and/or hypoproteinaemia may indicate plasma leakage. गोबारै थै गनाय बेरामिनियाव, प्लिवरेल गसारनायनि फोरमान एबा हाइप्रटेनियामिया दैस्रा थै रेजेतनायखौ दिन्थिनो हागौ। In some peculiar epidemiological situation, depending on the virus characteristics circulating and host immune status it manifests as a complication of dengue infection with signs of Haemorrhage and shock. मोननैसो एखुथा महामारि गोसारनाय थासारियाव भाइरास गोसारनाय आखुथायनि सायाव सोनारनानै आरो गोदान इमुनि थाथाया हेमराज आरो सकनि दिन्थिजों देंगु बारदेरनायनि गेनाखौ रोखा खालामनानै होयो। Infection with one serotype provides life-long homologus immunity but does not provide protection against otherserotypes, and instead may exacerbate subsequent infection. मोनसे सेर’टाइप बारदेरनाया जिउ गोलाव हम’लगास इमुनिटि होनो हागौ नाथाय गुबुन सेर’टाइपनि हेंथायै रैखाथि होआ आरो बेनि सोलायै उननि बारदेरनायफोरा बांसिन गाज्रि जालांनो हागौ। Isolation of Dengue virus from serum, plasma, leucocytes or autopsy samples. सेराम, दैस्रा थै, लिउकसाइट एबा अट’स्पाइ सेम्पलनिफ्राय देंगु भाइरासखौ बुथारनो हायो। Isolation of the dengue virus from serum, plasma, leukocytes, or autopsy Samples. सेराम, दैस्रा थै, लिउकसाइट एबा अट’स्पाइ सेम्पलनिफ्राय देंगु भाइरासखौ बुथारनो हायो। Isolation of Vibrio cholerae 01 or 0139 from the stools samples of any patient with diarrhoea. दाइरेया गोनां जायखि जाया बेरामिनि खि-हासुदैनि सेम्पलनिफ्राय भिब्रिअ कलेरा 01 आरो 0139 खौ आलादा खालामो। Japanese encephalitis virus infection may result in a febrile illness of variable severity associated with neurological symptoms ranging from headache to meningitis or encephalitis. जापानिज एनकेफेलाइटिस भाइरास बारदेरनायनि जाउनाव बायदि खैफोदा खम्फि खम्फि जब्रा जायो खर’ सानायनिफ्राय मेनिन जाइटिस एबा एनकेफेलाइटिसनिफ्राय निउर’लजिकेल सिम्टमजों सोमोन्दो दं। Larval surveillance during the pre monsoon and post monsoon is important to find out the extent of prevalence of vectors in a locality. दाबसे जायगायाव भेक्टर गोसारना थामनायखौ दिहुननो अखा हानायनि सिगां आरो उनाव लारभेल नायदिंनायनि गोनांथि दं। Latex agglutination kits can detect meningococci, pneumococci and H.influenzae in CSF in field conditions. सि,एस,एफ, नि जायगानि थासारिया लेटेक्स एग्लुटिनेसन किट्सआ मेनिनगकसि पेनुमकसि आरो एइस, बारदेरनायखौ होबथानो हायो। Many of diseases have seasonal and cyclic trend, which can be detected through the surveillance system. गोबां बेरामानो बोथोरारि आरो फाहामथाय बोहैथि, जायखौ नायदिंनाय राहाजों होबथानो हायो। Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Government of India has launched a National Surveillance Programme for Communicable Diseases (NSPCD) in selected districts. भारत सरखारनि सावस्रि आरो नखर अनसाय मन्थ्रि बिफाना सायखनाय जिल्लाफोराव बारदेरनाय बेरानि थाखाय हारिमायारि नायदिंनाय हाबाफारि बानजायदोंमोन। Mosquito breeding can occur in any water catching or water storage containers such as desert coolers, overhead tanks, discarded buckets, tyres, utensils and large containers used for collecting rain water which are not emptied and cleaned periodically. दैहुं, गोजौआव थानाय टेंक, गोबाय गिजि खादा, टायार, आइजें-आइला, अखानि दै हमथानो बाहायनाय गेदेर दो जाय खंख्ला नङा आरो सम सम फोसाबा बैफोर बायदि जायखि जाया दै आजावनाय एबा दै दोन्थुमनाय आइजेंफोराव थाम्फैया फिसा जोनोम होनो हागौ। Mosquito breeding can occur in containers used for storing water, for cattle feeding and drinking, discarded tins, tyres, bottles etc which are not emptied and cleaned periodically. मोसौ मैसोफोरनो जाहोनो आरो लोंहोनो दै दोन्थुमनो बाहायनाय दो, बाहायजायै टिन, टायार, बथल, जायफोरखौ सम सम फोसाबनाय जायाखै बैफोर बायदियाव थाम्फैया फिसा होनो हागौ। Once the mosquito becomes infected, it remains so for life. खेबसे थाम्फैया बारदेरोब्ला, बेयो जिउनि गासै समसिम थायो। Outbreaks can also occur in areas with water scarcity if water is stored over long periods. दैनि आंखाल जायगायावबो गोबाव समसिम दोन्थुमनाय दैयावबो बेरामा गोसारनो हागौ। Several communicable diseases are endemic in India. गोबां बारदेरनाय बेराफोरा भारताव जाफ्लेबाय थायो। Signs and symptoms vary, all patients of malaria experience fever. नुथाय आरो सिमटमा गुबुनब्लाबो गासैबो मेलेरिया बेरामिफोरा जब्रा जायो। Since water is essential during the first 8 days in the life of mosquito, emptying containers once a week will greatly reduce the sources for mosquito breeding and thereby the risk of dengue fever. गिबि 8 सानाव थम्फैनि थाखाय धैया गोनांथि, बेखायनो दो-फोरखौ सप्टसेयाव खेबसे उदां खालामोब्ला थाम्फैनि फिसा होनायनि फुंखा आरो देंगु जब्रानि बजाखौ गोबां खमायनो हागोन। Splenomegaly and anaemia are commonly associated signs of malaria. स्प्लेन’मेगाले आरो एनिमियाया मेलेरियानि सरसनस्रा थादेरनाय सिन। Surveillance is prerequisite for monitoring the dengue situation in the area and should be carried out regularly for early detection of an impending outbreak and to initiate timely preventive and control measures. जायगानि देंगुनि थासारिखौ नोजोर होनो आरो सोमजिथारगोनखौ सिगां होबथान थाखाय सिगां नायदिंनायखौ जेब्लाबो लानांगोन आरो थि समावनो होबथानाय आरो दैदेननायनि राहा लानांगोन। Surveillance should include epidemiological, entomological and laboratory parameters. इपिदेमिउलजिकेल,एन्टिमल’जिकेल आरो आनजादसालि राहाया नायदिंनायाव थादेरनांगोन। The ambient temperature range for dengue transmission is 160C to 400C. Below 160C Aedes aegypti ceases to bite. देंगु गोसारनायनि थाखाय सोरबिथिं बिदुंनि फारागा 160c निफ्राय 400c 160cनि सिङाव एइदेस एइज्टिया अरनायखौ नागारो। The anti-HBe IgM test, specific for acute infection, is not available everywhere. उल्था HBe Igmआनजादनि गोख्रों बारदेरनाया जेरावबो बांद्राय गैया। The classification of the cases has been given broadly as suspect, probable and confirmed. बेफोरबादि बेरामखौ गुवारै, सन्देह जाथावथाव आरो थि जानाय बाहागोआव रानदों। The details of the outbreak including investigation and control measures should follow the information as early as possible. सोमजिनायनि आबुं खारिथियाव नायसंनाय आरो होबथानाय राहाया जेसे हागौ एसे थाबै खौरां लानाया थादेरनांगौ। The diagnosis of DF/DHF can be confirmed by serological tests. सेर’लजिकल आनजादजों डिएफ एबा डिएइस एफ,नि बेराम सिनायनायखौ थि मिथिनो हायो। The district health office must inform the concerned health officer by the quickest mode of communication (Preferably through telephone, Fax or E-mail). जिला सावस्रि मावखगिरिया बिफानारि सावस्रि मावखगिरिनिसिम टेलिफन, फेक्स एबा इ मैल बायदि खारिथि फोनांजाबथाय राहाजों फोरमायनांगोन। The encephalitis can not be distinguished clinically from other central nervous system infections. मिरुवारि स्नायु राहानि बारदेरनायनिफ्राय एनकेफेलाइटिसखौ फाहामसालियाव आलादा दिन्थि जाया (खालामजाया)। The female mosquito lays eggs in clean water containers in and around houses, schools and work places. ननि सोरगिदिं थानाय, फरायसालि आरो खामानिनि जायगाफोराव थानाय गोथार दैनि दोआव जो थाम्फैया बिदै दैयो। The female mosquitoes can survive upto 3 weeks under normal temperature and humidity. सरासनस्रा बिदुं आरो गुसुआव जो थाम्फैया 3 सप्टसिम थांना थानो हायो। The first major outbreak associated with haemorrhagic manifestation occurred in Calcutta in 1963. सिं सिं गोसारनानै थानाय हेमराजिकनि लोगोआव सेथि गेदेर गोसारखांनाया1963 आव कलिकटायाव नुजादोंमोन। The infection is transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito- Aedes aegypti. एइदेस एइजिप्टि मुंनि मासे बारदेरजानाय जो थाम्फैया अरनायनि थाकाय बारदेरनाया गोसारदोंमोन। The larvae hatch from the mosquito eggs, and live in the water for about a week. थाम्फै बिदैनिफ्राय एम्फौ लाथाया गावस्राबोयो आरो दैयाव सप्टासे थायो। The larvae then change into a round pupal stage for one or two days after which the adult mosquito emerges, ready to bite. बेबादिनो सानसे एबा साननैनि उनाव लारभाया मासे एम्फौआव महर सोलायो जेराव गेदेर थाम्फैजों लोगो जानानै अरनो थाखाय थियारि जायो। The liver is usually enlarged, soft and tender. लिभारा गमामायै देरलाङो, गुरै आरो गोरलै जायो। The mosquito becomes infected by biting a patient with dengue infection. देंगु बेरामिखौ अरोब्ला थाम्फैयाबो सन्देरो। The mosquito has characteristic white strips on the back and legs. थाम्फैनि उन्थिं आरो आथिं बाहागोआ गुफुर आखुथायनि दाखोन नुनो मोनो। The mosquito is a domestic breeder. थाम्फैया मासे नखरारि फिसा जोनोम होग्रा। The mosquito rests indoors, in closets and other dark places. थाम्फैया इसिं-अखं, गोथौ आरो गुबुन खोमसि जायगाफोराव जायगा लायो। The National Institute of Communicable Diseases is expected to be kept informed of the action taken. बारदेरग्रा बेरामनि हादरारि फसंथाना मावनाय खामानिफोरखौ फोरमायगोन होनना मिजिंथिनाय जादों। The outbreaks of dengue fever/DHF are most likely to occur in the post-monsoon period when the breeding of the mosquitoes is highest. डेंगु जब्रा एबा डि, एइस, एफ, गोसारनाया बांसिनै अखा बोथोरनि उनाव नुजायो जेराव थाम्फैनि फिसा जोनोम होनाया बयनिख्रुइबो बांसिन जायो। The outbreaks of plague (1994), malaria (1995) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (1996) in the country aver highlighted the urgency for strengthening of disease urveillance system so that early warning signals are recognised and appropriate follow-up action is initiated in a timely manner. (1994) नि देंगु,(1995)नि मेलेरिया आरो (1996)नि देंगु हेमराजिक जब्रा गोसारनाय हादराव बेराम नायदिंनाय राहाखौ गोख्रों खालामनांगौनि थाखाय मैखोम गोनांथिसिन होदोंमोन जाहाथे सिगां सांग्रांथि इसाराखौ होनो हायो आरो थि समाव खामानिफोरखौ मावफुंनाय जायो। The patient recovers spontaneously or recovers after a brief period of therapy. बेरामिफोरा जेबो हेंथा गैयाजासे गादोंमोन एबा सुंथाब समनि थेरामि होनायनि उनाव गादोंमोन। The physical location of cases in the area or in other cities of the neighbouring states/districts/areas should also be monitored. ओनसोलाव जानाय बेरामनि मोग्थाङारि नुथाय एबा नुसुंसे हादरसानि गुबुन गुबुन नोगोरफोर, जिला, एबा ओनसोलफोरखौबो नोजोर लाखिनाया मोजां। The presence of marked thrombocytopenia with concurrent haemoconcentration differentiates DHF/DSS from other diseases such as endotoxic shock from bacterial or meningococcaemia. थ्रम्ब’साइटपेनियाजों समान समानै दाखोन होनाय हेम’कनसेन्ट्रेसना डि,एइस एफ, एबा डि,एस,एस,खौ गुबुन गुबुन बेराम जेरै बेक्टेरियेल एबा मेननगककेमिया निफ्राय जानाय एन्दटसिक सकखौ आलादा खालामनायखौ फोरमायदों। The tests include detection of IgM antibodies which appear around the end of first week of onset of symptoms and are detectable for 1-3 months after the acute episode. Igm एन्टिबदिस होबथानाया बे आनजादाव दंफायो जाय सिमटमा गोनो लानायनि गिबि सप्टाया जोबनो लायो आरो गोख्रों जोथोन लानायनि उनाव 1 निफ्राय-3 दाननि गेजेराव होबथा जायो। The time course relationship between the fall in platelet count and a rise in haematocrit level appears to be unique to DHF. प्लेटलेट साननाया जोबनाय हेमटक्रिट थाखोआ नुजानायनि गेजेराव समफारि सोमोन्दोआ डि एइस एफखौ आलादायै बेरखांनाय नुनो मोनो। The virus was first isolated in Calcutta, West Bengal during 1945. 1945नि समाव सोनाब बंगनि कलकातायाव भाइरासखौ गिबि बोखानाय जादोंमोन। There has been a dramatic rise in the incidence of DHF cases and increase numbers of outbreaks are being reported from all over the country. डि एस, एफ,नि जाथाया हरखाबै नुजादोंमोन आरो गासै हादरनाङै खना खनलानिफ्राय गोसारनायनि अनजिमाया बांदोंमोन होनना मिथिदोंमोन। Three or more loose or watery stools with or without vomitting, with or without dehydration in the past 24 hours. थांनाय 24 घन्टानि मादाव दिहाइद्रेसन जानाय एबा जायै, गोबानो ओंखारै एबा ओंखारनायजों साथाम एबा गोबाङानो लावलाव खिनाय जानो हागौ। To ensure uniformity in reporting we must have `case definition' of diseases to be monitored under surveillance programme. फारि फारि खौरांखौ थि मिथिनो थाखाय जों बेरामखौ नायदिंनाय हाबाफारिनि सिङाव नोजोर लाखिथारनांगोन। Typically, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF)begins abruptly with high fever accompanied by headache, anorexia, vomiting and abdominal pain. रोखोमसेयैनो, खर’ सानाय, एन’रेसिया, गोबानाय आरो उदै सानायजों लोगोसे देंगु हेमराजिक लोमजानाया बांसिनै जागायनो लायो। Usually, urban areas, having high population density, poor sanitation and large number of desert coolers, overhead tanks, discarded buckets, tyres, utensils etc. which promote mosquito breeding, are at high risk. गामामायै रोज्जा सुबुं अनजिमा गोनां नोगोर ओनसोला, सावस्रि नङै, गोबां अनजिमानि गुसु दैहुं, अखं टेंक, गोबाय गिजि दो, टायार, आइजें-आइला बायदिसिनाफोरानो गोबां दाय गोनां। A majority of Hepatitis E cases occur in young adults. हेपाटाइतिस-इ आ बांसिनै लाइमोनफोरनियाव नुजाथियो। Active case finding is particularly important during the investigation of an outbreak. हरखाब साग्लोबनायखौ नायसंनाय समाव गोख्रों दिन्थि मोननाया एखुथा गोनांथि दं। Acute viral hepatitis is such a sufficiently distinct clinical syndrome that it usually poses no difficulty in diagnosis. सांग्रां भाइरेल हेपाटाइतिसआ मोनसे थोजासे आखुनि फाहामथाय सिन्द्रमदि बेयो बेराम सिनायनाय जेबो गोब्राबथि गैया। All human excreta should be disposed of promptly and safely. गासै मानसिनि खि-हासुदै एबा मैलाखौ थाबैनो आरो रैखाथि गोनाङै सुगारनांगौ। Almost all outbreaks of viral hepatitis in India are due to faeco-orally transmitted hepatitis E. हेपाटाइतिस-इनि फेक’अरेलि बारदेरनायनि थाखायनो भारताव बांसिन हेपाटाइतिस भायरेला हरखाब साग्लोबो। almost all the children in India develop immunity following sub clinical repeated exposure to this virus before 10 years of age. बे भाइरेलनि सायाव खनले खनले उफेरा फाहामथाय खालामनायखौ लानानै भरताव जि बोसोर बैसो सिगांनि बांसिनफ्राम गथ’फोरनियाव इमुनिटि जौगायो। Alternate arrangement for safe water supply should ideally be made during the outbreak. हरखाब साग्लोबनाय समाव सोलाय सोलाय रैखाथि गोनां दै जगायनाय राहाया साबजाथाव जागोन। Although an unusual increase in viral hepatitis cases due to hepatitis B have been recognised in hospital setting, it had not been documented as the cause of an outbreak in community setting. बबेखानि फाहामसालियाव हेपाटाइतिस-बि सिनायनाय जायोब्लाबो भाइरेल हेपाटाइतिसनि थि नङै बांनाया जायोब्लाबो बेखौ समाजाव हरखाब साग्लोबनायनि जाहोन महरै फोरमान जाया। Although only some of HBV infections cause icterus, most of the HDV infections (co-infection or super infection) cause an episode of clinical acute hepatitis with jaundices. एइस,बि,भिनि खायफा इनफेक्सना इक्टरास सोमजियोब्लाबो, एइस,डि, भि, बारदेरनाय (जाफादेरनाय आरो बांद्राय) बारदेरनाया जनदिसजों लोगोसे गोख्रों फाहामथाय हेपाटाइतिस सोमजिहोयो। An occasional outbreak of hepatitis A has also been reported. समबायदियै हेपाटाइतिस ए नि हरखाब साग्लोबनायखौ मिथिनाय जादों। Around 3 to 5% of our population is estimated to be chronic carrier of hepatitis B. 3 निफ्राय 5 जौखोन्दोसिम जोंनि सुबुं अनजिमानि गेजेराव हेपाटाइतिस बि गुदि रोगाग्रा होनना साननाय जादों। Based on clinical diagnosis, around 100,000 cases of viral hepatitis are reported annually. फाहामाथायनि बेराम सिनायनायनि सायाव बिथा खालामनानै बोसोरफ्रोमबो 100,000 भायरेल हेपाटाइतिसखौ मिथिनाय जादों। Carrier rates for hepatitis B can be determined by testing the blood using a similar technique and the reagents are less costly. हेपाटाइतिस-बि नि रोगाथिंनायनि हारखौ एखे रोखोमनि आदब आरो इसेल’ खरसायावनो मोननाय खालामनानै दिहुननो हायो। Case fatality rate for hepatitis B infection for hospitalised cases is around 1%; higher in those over 40 years of age. हेपाटाइतिस-बि साग्लोब जानानै फाहामसालियाव थानानै हरखाब थैनायनि हारा 1 जौखोन्दोफ्राम, 40 बोसोर बैसोनि सायाव बेयो बांसिन। Case fatality rates for hepatitis A and E infections are generally low. हेपाटाइतिस-ए आरो इ साग्लोब जानानै थैनायनि हारा आथिखालाव सरासनस्रायै खम। Cases of viral hepatitis must be reported monthly to the Central Bureau of Health Intelligence through the concerned state health officer. भाइरेल हेपाटाइतिसनि बाथ्राखौ दानफ्रोमबो हादरसा सावस्रि बिबानगिरिनि हेफाजाबै मिरु सावस्रि बुरु इन्टिलिजेन्सनो फोरमायथारनांगौ। Chronic carriers are absent in hepatitis A and Hepatitis E. हेपाटाइटिस-ए आरो हेपाटाइटिस-इ आव गुदि रोगाथिंग्रा मोननो थाङा। Chronic carriers can transmit the disease to others. गुदि रोगाथिंग्रा बेरामखौ गुबुनावबो बारदेरहोनो हागौ। Chronic liver disease due to HBV (chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and liver carcinoma) occur only in persons who become chronic HBsAg carriers. एइस,बि,भि,(गोजाम हेपाटाइटिस,लिभार सिरसिस आरो लिभार कारसिनमा)नि थाखाय क्रनिक लिभार बेरामा क्रनिक एइस, बि,एस, एजि रोगानायाव सुबुंफोरनियावल’ नुजायो। Clinically HDV infection, whether acute or chronic, tends to be a severe illness. फाहामथायनि फारसेनिफ्राय एइस, डि, भि, सन्देरनाया सांग्रां एबा क्रनिक गोब्राब लोमजा होयो। Clustering of cases in some area linked to a common water supply will help in identifying the points where the contamination is taking place. खायफा ओनसोलाव साग्लोबनाया दै जगायनायजों लोबबा दं जेराव जायगाखौ गुबुंले खालामनायनि जाउनफोरखौ सिनायनायाव हेफाजाब होयो। Definitive diagnosis by type of hepatitis virus can be made only by laboratory tests. आनजादसालि आनजादनि गेजेरजोंल’ रोखोमसे हेपाटाइतिस भाइरासनि थि फिथाय बेराम सिनायनायखौ खालामनो हायो। Ensuring safe injections and screening of all blood donations for hepatitis B (and if possible hepatitis C) will largely prevent all the parenterally transmitted infections including hepatitis B, C, D and G. रैखाथि इनजेक्सन आरो हेपाटाइतिस –बि नि थाखाय दान होनाय गासै थैखो आनजाद खआलामनाय (हागौब्ला हेपाटाइटिस-सि) हेपाटाइटिस-बि, सि, डि, आरो जायखौ लाफानानै गासैबो फोलेरारि बारदेरनायखौ होबथागोन। General measures to prevent hepatitis B, C, D, and G include sterilisation of needles and instruments that penetrate the skin, screening of blood for hepatitis B and hepatitis C markers and promotion of safe sex behaviour. हेपाटाइटिस-बि,सि,डि, आरो जिखौसरासनस्रा होबथानाय राहायाव दंफायो बेजिफोरखौ आरो आगजुफोरखौ बिदुंनाय जायखौ बिगुराव थुनाय जायो, हेपाटाइटिस-बि, आरो सि खौ सिनायनो आरो रैखाथि आथोनारि आखुथायखौ जाफुंनो थैखो आनजादखालामो। HAV and HEV are transmitted by faeco-oral route through contamination of water and food. दै आरो आदार गिज्रा जानायजों फेक’अरेल राहायै HAV आरो HEV फोरा गोसारद्लायो एबा बारदेरो। HCV is usually transmitted by parenteral route; the risk of transmission by household contact and sexual activity appears to be very low. एइस,सि,भि, आ गमामायै फोलेरारि राहायै बारदेरो नखरारि सोमोन्दो आरो आथोनारि हाबा-हुखानि लानांगौ बिबाननखौ खम नुनो मोनो। HDV which needs the presence of HBV for its multiplication is transmitted like HBV. एइस,डि,भि,जेराव एइस,बि,भि,नि गोनांथिया बेनि बारायब्रेनायनि थाखाय एइस,बि,भि, बायदि बारदेरो। Health education and public awareness and co-operation are important to prevent and control viral hepatitis. भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिसखौ होबथानो आरो दबथायनो सावस्रि सोलोंथाय, सुबुंनि सांग्रांथि आरो हेफाजाबा गोनांथार। Hepatitis A characteristically has an acute, sudden, influenza-like onset with a prominence of myalgia, headache, fever, and malaise. हेपाटाइटिस-ए नि आखुथाया मियालगिया, खर’सानाय, लोमजानाय आरो मोदोम गाज्रि मोननाय बायदि गोख्रों हरखाब आरो इनफ्लुइनजा बायदि नुयो। Hepatitis A does not lead to a chronic hepatitis or a carrier state; chronic hepatitis with persistence of HAV infection for more than 12 months has not been observed. हेपाटाइटिस-ए आ क्रनिक (गोजाम) हेपाटाइटिस सोमजिहोआ एबा रोगानाय थासारियाव थाया, 12 दाननिख्रुइबो बांसिन क्रनिक हेपाटाइटिसजों HAVबारदेरनायनि थाथाबनाय गोहोखौ नोजोर होआखै। Hepatitis A is usually mild in children, but can be very severe in adults. हेपाटाइटिस-ए आ गथ’फोरनियाव एफा एनै थाफ्रामो, नाथाय बैसोगोरा फोरनियाव गोख्रों जानो हागौ। Hepatitis A usually is not as severe or as long lasting as Hepatitis B. हेपाटाइटिस-बि आ जेसेबां गोबाव सम थावरिगोन हेपाटाइटिस-ए आ एसेबां गिथावना नङा। Hepatitis B has a more prolonged course than hepatitis A. हेपाटाइटिस-बि आ हेपाटाइटिस-ए निख्रुइ मोनसे गोलाव समफारि थायो। Hepatitis B, C and D can lead to persistent infection (chronic carriers). हेपाटाइटिस-बि,सि आरो दि आ बारदेरनायखौ थाथाब होबाय थानो हागौ एबा क्रनिक रोगाग्रा जानो हागौ। Hepatitis B, C and D viruses spread through body fluids of patients or carriers. हेपाटाइटिस-बि, सि, आरो डि भाइरासफोरा बेरामिनि देहानि दैलाव बेसाद एबा रोगाथिंनायजों गोसारो। Hepatitis B, C, D, and G can lead to persistent infections (chronic carriers). हेपाटाइटिस-बि,सि,डि,आ जि, सन्देरनायखौ थाथाब होनो एबा क्रनिक रोगाग्रा खालाम होनो हागौ। Hepatitis C clinically resembles hepatitis B. हेपाटाइटिस-सि आ फाहामथायाव हेपाटाइटिस-बि खौ लाजाबदेरो। Hepatitis C tends to be milder during the acute phase and tends to progress to chronicity much more frequently than hepatitis B. हेपाटाइटिस-सि आ गोब्राब समाव गोहोमखौ गुरै खालामो आरो हेपाटाइटिस-बि निख्रुइ बांसिन खनले खनले क्रनिकाव दावगानायनि गोहोम लाबोयो। Hepatitis E virus is not destroyed by chlorination in usual doses; the virus is killed by boiling. हेपाटाइटिस-इ भाइरासखौ होबाय थानाय दसनि क्लरिनेसनजों फोजोबस्रांनो हाया, भाइरासखौ दै फुदुंनानै बुथारजायो। Hepatitis G virus has been recently discovered. हेपाटाइटिस-जि भाइरासखौ बावैसो दिहुननाय जादों। Hepatitis is an acute infection of the liver caused by hepatitis virus. हेपाटाइटिसआ लिभारनि गोब्राब सन्देरनाय जाय हेपाटाइटिस भाइरासजों सोमजि होयो। HGV has been linked to acute and chronic hepatitis. एइस,जि,भि,आ गोब्राब आरो गोजाम हेपाटाइटिस-जों सोमोन्दो दंलायो। High CFR (up to 20%) has been seen in pregnant women having hepatitis due to HEV. एइस,इ,भि,नि थाखाय गोरबोआव थानाय आइजोनियाव हेपाटाइटिस-नि थाखाय बांसिन सि,एफ,आर, 20 जौखोन्दोसिम नुनो मोनो। Humans as well as nonhuman animals are possible reservoirs for HEV; HEV is transmissible to chimpanzees, pigs, tamarins and cynomolgus macaques. सुबुङारि आरो सुबुङारि नङै गासैबो जुनारफोरनियाव एइस,इ,भि,नि थुबिल थाथावनो हागौ। एइस,इ,भि, आ सिम्पान्जि, अमा,टामारिन्स आरो साइन’मलगास मेकाकिउसिम बारदेरो। If an outbreak of hepatitis B occurs, identification and removal of risk factor/s will control the outbreak. जेब्ला हेपाटाइटिस-बि नि हरखाब साग्लोबो, सिनायनायजों आरो दायगोनां जाहोनखौ होबथानाया साग्लोबनायखौ हमथागोन। If the local water sources are still used, the community should be advised to boil the water. जायगायाव मोननाय दैखौ दाबो बाहायगासिनो दंब्ला समाजाव दैखौ फुदुंनो थाखाय बोसोन होनाया मोजां। If there is a sudden increase or clustering of cases or deaths due to viral hepatitis, information must be notified immediately (particularly by telephone or fax) to the next higher level. हेपाटाइटिस भाइरेलनि थाखाय हरखाब बांदोंबला एबा गोथौवै साग्लोबदोंब्ला एबा थैदोंब्ला खौरांखौ थाबैनो टेलिफन एबा फेक्सनि हेफाजाबै गोजौ खुंथायनो फोरमायहरनो नांगौ। Important mechanisms of transmission of HBV are mother to infant in perinatal period, parenteral (through infected needles and syringes, blood transfusion), and sexual routes. बिमानिफ्राय फिसानियाव फोलेर बांनाय समाव एइस,बि,भि, फोरनि गोनां बारस्लायनायनि राहा, बे फोलेरारिया जादों बारदेरनाय बिजि, सिरिन्ज, थै सोस्लायनाय आरो आथोनारि राहायै गोसारो। In majority of the cases especially in young children, the infection is mild with no overt signs or only mild jaundice. बांसिननि बेलायाव जरखायै देरबोनाय गथ’साफोरनियाव बांद्राय इसारा गैयै सन्देरनाया खम एबा इसे जन्दिस नुनाय जायो। In moderate to severe cases, the onset is usually acute with fever, loss of appetite, feeling of general ill-health and abdominal discomfort, followed within a few days by jaundice. गेजेर थाखोनिफ्राय गोब्राब थाखोसिम साननैसो जन्दिसजों सैनांनायनि थाखाय गमामयै गोब्राब जब्रा जानो अगाले मोननाय देहाखौ गाज्रि मोननाय उदै गाज्रि मोननाया नुजायो। Intimate physical contact especially in infants and children has also been postulated to cause transmission of HBV infection. खाथिसिन देहायारि सोमोन्दो जरखायै खुदिया आरो गथ’साफोरखौबो एइस, बि, भि, सन्देरनाय बारदेरनायनि जाहोन होनना हमना लानाय जादों। It is important that the surveillance system is improved as this is necessary for early identification of an outbreak (viral hepatitis E) or potential high risk areas, groups, behaviour and practices such as use of unsterile syringes and needles (hepatitis B and C). बेयो गोनांथिदि भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिस- इ नि हरखाब साग्लोबनायखौ सिगां सिनायथिनो थाखाय एबा बांद्राय दायगोनां ओनसोल, हानजा, आखुथाय आरो हेपाटाइटिस-बि आरो सि नि सोदांजायै सिरिन्ज आरो बिजिखौ बाहायनो थांनाय बादि नायबिजिरनाय राहाया जौगानाय जानांगोन। Keep an inventory of the referral laboratories which can undertake laboratory tests for all markers of viral hepatitis. मोनसे दाथायारि बेखेवनाय आनजादसालिखौ ला जाय भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिस- नि गासैबो सिनाय होनाय आनजादसालिनि आनजादावखौ खालामनो हायो। Liver function tests include a raise in ALT to 8 times or more than normal levels and serum bilirubin to more than 2mg%. लिभारनि खामानि आनजादाव दंफायो, ए, एल, टि, खौ खेब 8 बांहोनाय एबा सोलिनाय थाखोनिबो बांसिन आरो2मिग जौखोन्दोनिबो बांसिन सेराम बिलिरुबिन बांहोनाय। Majority of the outbreaks have occurred due to contamination of pipe water supply. पाइपजों दै जगायनाया गिज्रा सोमजिनायनि थाखायनो बांसिन हरखाब साग्लोबनाया नुजायो। Man seems to be the only natural host for HAV to HDV. एइस,ए,भि, निफ्राय एइस,डि,भि, सिम मिथिंगायारि दैदेनग्रा मानसिखौल’ नुनो मोनो। Measures to prevent and control outbreaks should be directed towards ensuring safe water supply. हरखाब साग्लोबनायखौ होबथानो आरो दैदेननायनि राहा महरै रैखाथि दै जगायनाय राहानि बिथोन होनांगोन। Morbidity from Hepatitis A is not higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women of the same age, nor is the course of Hepatitis A during pregnancy usually different, and foetal malformations due to Hepatitis A have not been reported. हेपाटाइटिस-ए निफ्राय एखे बैसोनि गोरबोआव थायै आइजोनिख्रुइ गोरबोआव थानाय आइजोनियाव जखमखौ बांसिन नङा, गोरबोआव थानाय समाव हेपाटाइटिस-ए निबो आयदाफारि थाया आरो हेपाटाइटिस-ए नि थाखाय महर गोयै बिदै ख’ सोमजिनायनि बागै मिथिनाय जायाखै। More than 50% of HEV infections may remain anicteric. बाजि जौखोन्दोनिख्रुइबो बांसिन एइस,इ, भि, बारदेरनाया जेबो सोलायाजासे थानो हागौ। Most of the diagnostic kits are imported, expensive and require an ELISA reader. बांसिन बेराम सिनायनाय किट्सफोरखौ बायनानै लाबोनांगौ, खरसा गोनां आरो इ,एल,आइ,एस,ए, फरायगिरिनि गोनांथि। National AIDS Control Programme takes measures to promote safe sex behaviour to prevent HIV infection. एइस,आइ,भि, सन्देरनायखौ होबथानो थाखाय आरो रैखाथि आथोनारि आखुखौ जाफुं होनो हादरारि एइदस दबथायनाय हाबाफारिया राहा लामा आजावदों। Once the hepatitis virus is confirmed, it is not necessary to examine specimens from all cases or contacts. खेबसे हेपाटाइटिस भाइरासखौ थि मिथियोब्ला, गासैबोनि बेलायाव एबा थाफादेरनायनिफ्राय बिदिन्थिफोरखौ आनजाद खालामनायनि गोनांथि गैया। Only limited information is available for HGV; this virus can certainly be transmitted by parenteral route. एइस,जि,भि, नि थाखाय मोननैसो खारिथियाल’ दं बे भाइरासा थारैनो फोलेरारय राहायै बारदेरो। Onset of hepatitis B is usually insidious with anorexia, vague abdominal discomfort, nausea and vomiting, sometimes arthralgias and rash, often progressing to jaundice. हेपाटाइटिस-बि नि जागायजेननाया गमामायै सिं-सिङै अगाले मोननाय, उदै सिंनि रोखा नङै सानाय,नौसिया आरो गोबानायजों सोमजियो, माब्लाबा आरथ्रालजिया आरो खुरु, सम सम जन्दिससिम दावगा होयो। Outbreaks of hepatitis A are not frequent because HAV causes very mild or sub-clinical infection in children, and most of the persons in our country are exposed to this virus during childhood. हेपाटाइटिस-ए नि साग्लोबनाया खनले खनले जाया मानोना एइस, ए, भि, जोबोद लासैयै सोमजियो एबा गथ’फोरनियाव उफेरा फाहामथाय सन्देरनाय जायो, आरो जोंनि हादरनि बांसिन सुबुंनियाव उन्दै बैसोआव बे भाइरासखौ बेरखांनाय नुनो मोनो। Outbreaks of hepatitis E are due to contamination of water supply. हेपाटाइटिस-इ नि साग्लोबनाया दै जगायनायाव गिज्रा जानायनि थाखायनो सोमजियो। Outbreaks of viral hepatitis are usually caused by hepatitis E virus which spreads through contaminated water and food products. भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिसनि हरखाब साग्लोबनाया थारैनो हेपाटाइटिस-इ भाइरासजों सोमजियो जाय दै आरो आदार दिहुननाया गाज्रि जायगाजों गोसारो। Protective immunity follows the infection if antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) develops and HBsAg becomes negative. जेब्ला एन्टिबदिया एइस बिनिफ्राय एजि एन्टि एइस बि सिम जौगायो होबथालु इमुनिटिफोरा बारदेरनाय नाजो लायो आरो एइस बि एजि नेगेटिब जानो लायो। Repair of water pipe lines at these points will prevent the further spread of Hepatitis E. बेफोरबादि समाव दैनि पाइपलाइन फोरखौ फाहामनो लानाया हेपाटाइटिस-इ नि आरोबाव गोसारनायनिफ्राय होबथागोन। Reservoirs of HEV and HGV are unknown. एइस,इ,भि, आरो एइस,जि,फोरनि थुबिलफोरखौ मिथिनाय जाया।स Right upper quadrant abdominal tenderness and hepatomegaly are important findings. उदैनि आगदा गजौ बाहागोआ जोबोद गुरै आरो हेपाटमेगालिफोरा गोनां नायगिरना मोननाय। Secondary household cases during the outbreaks are uncommon. हरखाब साग्ोबनाय समाव सरासनस्रा नखराव सोमजिनायखौ गोरोबलायै एबा मिथिनो थाङा। Serum specimens should be sent to the laboratory as early as possible, preferably in cold chain. सेरामनि बिदिन्थिफोरखौ जेसे हायो एसेबां थाबै आनजादसालिसिम दैथाय हरनाया मोजां, गुसु थासारियाव साबसिन जागौ। Simultaneously, source of contamination should be removed on priority. हां खनसेयैनो गिज्रा जानायनि फुंखाखौ सिगां गोसो होनानै होबथानाया मोजां। Since transmission of hepatitis A and E is faecal-oral, measures of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation that apply to control of other enteric infections are the basis for their control in any settings. हेपाटाइटिस-ए आरो इ बारदेरनाया फेकेल-अरेलनिफ्राय गावारि सावस्रि आरो आबहावा सावस्रि होबथानाय राहा जायखौ गुबुन इसिङारि बारदेरनायखौ होबथानो बाहायनायानो बिसोरनि जायखि जाया रोदा सुनायखौ होबथानायनि बिथा। Suggested material or health education messages which can be adapted for local use. जायगायाव बाहायनायनि थाखाय बोसोनारि बिथोन एबा देहायारि सोलोंथायखौ रनसायनो हागौ। The case fatality rate increases if there is concurrent infection of hepatitis B and D viruses. जेब्ला हेपाटाइटिस-बि आरो डि भाइरास फोरनि समब्रा-समब्रि बारदेरनाय जायोब्ला थैनायनि हारा बांनो हागौ। The case fatality rate is also similar to that of HA, except in pregnant women where the CFR may reach 20% among those infected during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. गोरबोआव थानाय आइजो जेराव गोरबोआव थानाय थामथि समनि गेजेराव सन्देरनायनि सि,एफ,आर, आ नैजि जौखोन्दो बांनायनि अनगा थैनायनि हारा एइस,इ,नि समान जानो हागौ। The clinical course of Hepatitis E is similar to that of Hepatitis A. हेपाटाइटिस-इ नि फाहामथायारि आयदाया हेपाटाइटिस-ए जों एखेफ्राम जायो। The cost of some of the kits (especially for hepatitis C, hepatitis D and hepatitis E) is around Rs 30,000 and unit cost of each test may vary from Rs 200 to 600. मोननैसो किट्सनि खरसाया जरखायै हेपाटाइटिस-सि, हेपाटाइटिस-डि आरो हेपाटाइटिस-इ आ जादों 30,000 जाफ्रामगोन आरो मोनफ्रोमबो आनजादनि खोलोबारि खरसाया 200 निफ्राय 600 रांसिम फाराग नुनो मोनो। The expression of icterus appears to increase with increasing age. बैसोआ बांनाय लोगो लोगो इक्टेरासनि बेरखांनाया नुजायो। The majority of individuals infected with HGV do not have clinical evidence of liver disease. एइस,जि, भि,जों खहा जानाय बांसिन सुबुंफोरनियावनो लिभार बेरामनि फाहामथाय फोरमानथि गैया। The National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD), Delhi has the facilities for testing all markers of viral hepatitis. दिल्लियाव थानाय हादरारि बारदेरनाय बेरामनि फसंथानाव भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिसनि गासै सिनफोरखौ आनजाद खालामनायनि खाबु दं। the NICD investigated 3 outbreaks of hepatitis B in 1997 which occurred due to the use of inadequately sterilised needles andsyringes by unqualified medical practitioners in the concerned areas. मोननैसो मखनाय ओनसोलाव रोंमोन्थाय गैयै फाहामथायगिरिजों थोजासे नङै सोदां जायै बिजि आरो सिरिन्ज बाहायनायनि थाखाय नुजानाय हेपाटाइटिस-बि नि मोन 3 हरखाब साग्लोबनायखौ1997 माइथायाव एन,आइ,सि,डि, आ नायसंदोंमोन। The numbers reported is a gross under-estimate of the actual annual incidence of the disease. बोसोरारि बेरामनि जाथायनि नंगुबै साननायनि सायाव अनजिमाखौ मिथिनाय जादों। The public and the paramedical personnel can assist in reporting cases whom they can recognise by the yellow colouring of the eyes and skin (pilia). रायजोआरि आरो उफेरा फाहामथाय बिबानगिरिफोरा मिथिनाय केसफोरखौ हेफाजाब होनो हागौ जायखौ बिथांमोना मेगन आरो बिगुराव गोमो गाब होनानै सिनायथिनो हायो। The risk of fulminant disease may reach 10% for clinical HDV-HBV coinfections and 20% in HDV superinfections. फाहामथाय एइस,डि,भि, एइस,बि,भि, नि कइनफेक्सननि थआखाय बेराम होबथानायनि बिबाना 10 जौखोन्दोसिम सहैनो हागौ आरो एइस, डि, भि, नि बांद्राय सन्देरनाया 20 जौखोन्दो जानो हागौ। The risk of outbreaks due to HEV is higher in the summer, monsoon and post-monsoon periods. एइस,इ,भि,नि थाखाय हरखाब साग्लोबनायनि गिनांगौ गोलोम बोथोर, अखा हानाय आरो अखा हानाय उन समाव बांसिन जायो। The sequelae of persistent infection include chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver carcinoma. बारदेरनायनि थाथाबनाय फिथायाव गोजाम सांग्रां हेपाटाइटिस- लिभार सिरसिस आरो लिभार कारसिनमाया दंफायो। There are at least six viruses which can cause viral hepatitis. भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिस- सोमजिहोनायनि थाखाय खमैबो मोनद भाइरास दं। There are six types of hepatitis virus - A, B, C, D, E and G. मोनद रोखोमनि हेपाटाइटिसफोरा जाबाय ए, बि, सि,डि,इ,आरो जि,। There is no vaccine available for hepatitis E. हेपाटाइटिस-इ निथाखाय जेबो भेक्सिन गैया। These measures will also contribute towards the prevention of hepatitis B and other parenterally transmitted viral hepatitis. बेफोर बादि राहाया हेपाटाइटिस-बि आरो गुबुन फोलेरारि बारदेरनाय भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिस होबथानायनि थाखाय बिहोमा होगोन। These six viruses hepatitis virus A, B, C, D, E and G. बे मोनद भाइरास हेपाटाइटिसफोरा जादों ए, बि, सि,डि,इ, आरो जि। Treatment of viral hepatitis does not depend on the results of laboratory examination. भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिसनि फाहामथाया आनजादसालि आनजादनि फिथायनि सायाव सोनारा। Vaccine available against hepatitis A is not cost-effective due to epidemiological considerations and very high costs. महामारिजों सोमोन्दो थानाय आरो बांद्राय खरसानि थाखाय हेपाटाइटिस-ए नि हेंथायै थानाय भेक्सिना खरसा बायदि खामानि होआ। Vaccine is available against hepatitis B only. हेपाटाइटिस-बि नि थआखायल’ गोबां भेक्सिन दं। Viral hepatitis may cause serious illness in pregnant women. भाइरेल हेपाटाइटिसआ गोरबोआव थानाय आइजोखौ गोब्राब जब्रा जाहोनो हागौ। we may see such outbreaks in future as many people may escape exposure during childhood due to improvement in hygiene and sanitation. सावस्रियारि आरो खिनाय-हासुनायाव जौगानायनि थाखाय गोबां मानसिफोरखौ गथ’ समाव बारगनाय नुयोब्लाबो बेफोर बायदि हरखाब साग्लोबनायखौ जों इयुनावबो नुनो हागौ।